UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

Centre
Course
Year/ Trimester
Session

: Centre for Foundation Studies (CFS)

: Foundation in Science
: Year 1 / Trimester 3
: 201601

Unit Code : FHSC1024

Unit Title : Thermodynamics and
Electromagnetism
Lecturers :

Tutorial 2: Temperature and Heat (Part 2)

Part A: Fill in the blank
1.
2.
3.

4.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

When changing from a liquid to a solid, a material will not change __________ until
all the material has changed phase.
The quantity of heat per unit mass of a substance required to change its temperature
through one degree is called its ______ ______ ________.
The latent heat of fusion of a substance is the ________ ___ _________ necessary to
change ___ ________ _________ of the substance from a(n) _______________ to a(n)
________________ at its _________ ___________.
The latent heat of vaporization is the heat per unit _______________ of a substance
required to change it from a(n) ________________ to a(n) _________________ at its
_________ ___________.
The ____________ of _______________ is the heat per unit mass required to burn a
substance completely.
When a substance is undergoing an increase in temperature, its molecules gain _____
____ and _____ _____.
Heats of fusion and vaporization are called latent because the _____________ remains
constant.
The quantitative relationship between thermal energy units and mechanical energy
units is called ________ _______ __ _______.
The heat of solidification is equal to the _______ __ ________.
A cooper cylinder is cooled from 95oC to 10oC. Its density will ________.

Part B: Objective Questions

1.
Which of the following is best associated with the term heat?
A
A change of temperature
B
A change in kinetic energy
C
A change in thermal energy
D
A change in heat capacity
2.

When a liquid freezes, it ____.

A
evolves heat
C
decreases in temperature

B
D

absorbs heat
sublimes

3.

The amount of heat needed to melt one kilogram of a substance is called that
substances ____.
A
specific heat
B
heat of fusion
C
heat of vaporization
D
melting point

4.

The energy that flows as a result of a difference in temperature is ____.

A
heat
B
radiation
C
vaporization
D
temperature

5.

When two objects are at thermal equilibrium, ____.

A
they contain the same amount of heat
B
they have the same thermal energy
C
they melt
D
they are at the same temperature

6.

If thermal energy is added to equal masses of substances, they will show different
changes in temperature because their ____ are different.
A
volumes
B
heats of fusion
C
specific heats
D
heats of vaporization

Part C: Structure Questions

1.

An aluminum rod is 20.0 cm long at 20C and has a mass of 350 g. If 10 000 J of
energy is added to the rod by heat, what is the change in length of the rod?
(cAluminum = 900 J kg-1 oC-1, aluminium = 24.00 10-6 oC-1)
[Answer: 0.152 mm]

2.

A 1.5-kg copper block is given an initial speed of 3.0 m/s on a rough horizontal
surface. Because of friction, the block finally comes to rest.
(a)
If the block absorbs 85% of its initial kinetic energy as internal energy,
calculate its increase in temperature.
(b)
What happens to the remaining energy?
(ccopper = 387 J kg-1 oC-1)
[Answer: (a) 9.910-3 oC]

3.

A 200-g aluminum cup contains 800 g of water in thermal equilibrium with the cup
at 80C. The combination of cup and water is cooled uniformly so that the
temperature decreases by 1.5C per minute. At what rate is energy being removed?
Express your answer in watts.
[Answer: 88 W]
(cwater = 4186 J kg-1 oC-1 cAluminum = 900 J kg-1 oC-1)

4.

A 50-g ice cube at 0C is heated until 45 g has become water at 100C and 5.0 g has
become steam at 100C. How much energy was added to accomplish the
transformation?
(Lf = 3.33 105 J kg-1, Lv = 2.26 106 J kg-1, cwater = 4186 J kg-1 oC-1)
[Answer: 49 kJ]

5.

(i)

Define specific latent heat of fusion.

(ii)

A block of ice at 0 oC has a hollow at its top surface, as illustrated in figure

above. A mass of 160 g of water at 100 oC is poured into the hollow. The water
has a specific heat capacity of 4.20 kJ kg-1 K-1. Part of the ice melts and the final
mass of water in the hollow is 365 g. Assuming no heat gain from the
surrounding; calculate the value, in kJ kg-1, for the specific latent heat of
fusion of ice. (Past Year Paper : Sept12/13)
[Answer: 328 kJ kg-1]

6.

An aluminium cup of mass 220.0 g contains 810.0 g of water in thermal equilibrium

at 85.00 oC. The combination of cup and water is cooled uniformly so that the
temperature decreases by 3.000 oC per minute. At what rate is energy being removed
by heat? Express your answer in watts. (Past Year Paper : Dec13/14)
[cAl = 900.0 J/(kgoC), cwater = 4186 J/(kgoC)]
[Answer: 179.4 W]

7.

A 100-g cube of ice at 0C is dropped into 1.0 kg of water that was originally at 80C.
What is the final temperature of the water after the ice has melted?
(Lf = 3.33 105 J kg-1, cwater = 4186 J kg-1 oC-1)
[Answer: 65 oC]

8.

A beaker of water sits in the sun until it reaches an equilibrium temperature of 30C.
The beaker is made of 100 g of aluminum and contains 180 g of water. In an attempt
to cool this system, 100 g of ice at 0C is added to the water.
(a)
Determine the final temperature of the system. If Tf = 0C, determine how
much ice remains.
(b)
Repeat your calculations for 50 g of ice.
(Lf = 3.33 105 J kg-1, cAluminum = 900 J kg-1 oC-1, cwater = 4186 J kg-1 oC-1)
[Answer: (a) 0 oC with 24 g of ice left over, (b) 8.2 oC]

9.

A window has a glass surface area of 1.6 103 cm2 and a thickness of 3.0 mm.
(a)
Find the rate of energy transfer by conduction through the window
when the temperature of the inside surface of the glass is 70F and the
outside temperature is 90F.
(b)
Repeat for the same inside temperature and an outside temperature of
0F. (Thermal conductivity = 0.84 W/m oC)
[Answer: (a) 0.50 kW into the house, (b) 1.7 kW out of the house]

10.

A box with a total surface area of 1.20 m2 and a wall thickness of 4.00 cm is
made of an insulating material. A 10.0-W electric heater inside the box
maintains the inside temperature at 15.0C above the outside temperature.
Find the thermal conductivity k of the insulating material.
[Answer: 2.2210-2 W/m oC]

11.

The average thermal conductivity of the walls (including windows) and roof
of a house in figure above is 4.8 10-4 kW/m C, and their average thickness is
21.0 cm. The house is heated with natural gas, with a heat of combustion
(energy released per cubic meter of gas burned) of 9 300 kcal/m3. How many
cubic meters of gas must be burned each day to maintain an inside
temperature of 25.0C if the outside temperature is 0.0C? Disregard surface
air layers, radiation, and energy loss by heat through the ground.
[Answer: 39 m3]
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12.

Two rods of same dimensions, one of aluminum and the other of copper, are
joined end to end. The cross-sectional area and the length of each rod are 4.0
10-4 m2 and 0.040 m, respectively. The free end of the aluminum rod is kept at
302 oC, while the free end of the copper rod is kept at 25 oC. The loss of heat
through the sides of the rods may be ignored.
(Given that thermal conductivity of aluminum and copper are 205 W/mK and
385 W/mK, respectively). (Past Year Paper : Sept12/13)
(i)
What is the temperature at the aluminum-copper interface?
(ii)
How much heat is conducted through the unit in 2.0 s?
[Answer: (i) 121 oC, (ii) 742.1 J]

13.

Consider two cooking pots of the same dimensions, each containing the same
amount of water at the same initial temperature. The bottom of the first pot is
made of copper, while the bottom of the second pot is made of aluminum.
Both pots are placed on a hot surface having a temperature of 145C. The
water in the copper-bottomed pot boils away completely in 425 s. How long
does it take the water in the aluminum bottomed pot to boil away completely?
(Given that thermal conductivity of aluminum and copper are 238 W/mK and
397 W/mK, respectively).
[Answer: 709 s]

14

A copper bar of length 0.25 m and brass bar of length are welded as shown in
figure above. The left end of the copper bar is placed in a steam bath (100 oC)
and the right of the brass bar is placed in an ice bath. (Given that the thermal
conductivity of copper and brass are 400 W/mK and 100 W/mK, respectively).
(Past Year Paper: Sept13/14)
(i)
What is the temperature Tx at the interface of the copper-brass bar?
(ii)
Calculate the rate flow of thermal energy through the bar. Given that
the cross-section area of the bar is 0.20 m2.
[Answer: (i) 61.5 oC, (ii) 12320 W]

15.

Water is being boiled in an open kettle that has a 0.500-cm-thick circular

aluminum bottom with a radius of 12.0 cm. If the water boils away at a rate of
0.500 kg/min, what is the temperature of the lower surface of the bottom of
the kettle? Assume that the top surface of the bottom of the kettle is at 100C.
(Given that laten heat of vapourization is 2.26x106 J/kg)
[Answer: 109 oC]
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