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BAR ELEMENT

Formulation of the finite element characteristics of an elastic bar element is based


on the following assumptions:

1. The bar is geometrically straight.

2. The material obeys Hookes law.


3. The bar supports axial loading only;

4. the bar element can be used in modelling both two - and three-dimensional
structures.

Consider a tapered steel plate of uniform thickness t=25 mm.


E=2x105N/mm2,weight density ,=0.82x10-4N/mm3.In addition to the self
weight the plate is subjected to a point load of 100 N at its mid point.
Calculate the following by modelling the plate with two finite elements
1. Global force vector
2. Global stiffness matrix
3. Displacements in each element
4. Stresses in each element
5. Reaction forces at the support

A rod is subjected to an axial load P=600 KN is applied as shown in fig. Divide


the domain into two element. Determine

1. Displacements in each element


2. Stresses in each element
3. Reaction forces at the support.

Take A=250mm2 , E=2x105N/mm2

PL
L
AE

L 1.8mm
u2 1.5mm

1 2000 N / mm

2 400 N / mm

An axial load of 4*105 is applied at 30c to the rod as shown in fig.


The temperature is then raised to 60c. Calculate the following

Displacements
Stresses
Reaction forces
For alu min ium
A1 1000mm 2
E1 0.7 *105 N / mm2

1 23 *10 6 / c
For steel
A1 1500mm 2
E1 2 *105 N / mm2

1 12 *10 6 / c

In case temperature is
given

1
F E A (T )
1
du
E E A (T )
dx

The strain displacement matrix is given by

e B u

Now we know that for bar element


1 1
B

l l

The strain energy expression is

1
T
Strain energy U uK u
2

From stress- strain relationship

Ee

If self weight is considered, then


force is

F1 AL 1

2 1
F2

Consider a 4 bar truss as shown in fig.


1. Determine the element stiffness matrix
2. Assemble the structure stiffness matrix K for the entire truss
3. Solve for the nodal displacements

Size of the global stiffness matrix = no of nodes X DOF per node


=4X2=8
Coordinates for node 1 =(0,0)
Coordinates for node 2 =(1000,0)

nodes

1000

1000

750

750

Coordinates for node 3 =(1000,750)


Coordinates for node 4 =(0,750)
Consider Element 1

1.

Find length of element 1

l1 x2 x1 ( y2 y1 ) 2
2. Find c and s values
2

c1

x 2 x1
l1

s1

y2 y1
l1

Similarly for element 2,3 and 4

elements

nodes

1,2

2,3

3,4

The general stiffness matrix for truss element is given by

C2

CS

K
C 2

CS

CS

C2

S2

CS

CS

C2

S2

CS

By using the above formula find stiffness matrix for


Element 1 = K1
Element 2= K2
Element 3= K3
Element 4= K4

CS
2
S
CS
2
S

We know that

K u F

Thus the assembled stiffness matrix for all 3 elements will be of form

A33
A
53
A63

A35
A55
A65

A36 u3 F3

A56 u5 F5

A66 u6 F6

By solving the above matrix we can find the nodal displacements

u3, u5,u6

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