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    Steel is a metal that is primarily composed of iron and carbon. Inclusion of carbon and other elements within iron act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of dislocations that otherwise occur in the lattices of iron atoms. Depending on the qualities such as the hardness, ductility, tensile strength and other factors, steel is categorized into an appropriate class, it includes: crucible steel, carbon steel, spring steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, weathering steel or tool steel. Today steel is one of the most common materials in the world with more than a billion tons produced annually. It is one of the major component in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances and weapons.

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    Steel is a metal that is primarily composed of iron and carbon. Inclusion of carbon and other elements within iron act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of dislocations that otherwise occur in the lattices of iron atoms. Depending on the qualities such as the hardness, ductility, tensile strength and other factors, steel is categorized into an appropriate class, it includes: crucible steel, carbon steel, spring steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, weathering steel or tool steel. Today steel is one of the most common materials in the world with more than a billion tons produced annually. It is one of the major component in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances and weapons.

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    20 views2 pages

    Steel-Manufacturing Process and Applications

    Uploaded by

    Alysonyates
    Steel is a metal that is primarily composed of iron and carbon. Inclusion of carbon and other elements within iron act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of dislocations that otherwise occur in the lattices of iron atoms. Depending on the qualities such as the hardness, ductility, tensile strength and other factors, steel is categorized into an appropriate class, it includes: crucible steel, carbon steel, spring steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, weathering steel or tool steel. Today steel is one of the most common materials in the world with more than a billion tons produced annually. It is one of the major component in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances and weapons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    SteelManufacturingProcessAndApplications

    Steel is a metal thatisprimarilycomposed of ironand carbon. Inclusion ofcarbon andotherelementswithin


    ironact as hardening agents that prevent the movement of dislocations that otherwiseoccurinthelatticesof
    ironatoms.Dependingonthequalitiessuchasthehardness,ductility,tensilestrengthandotherfactors,steel
    is categorized into an appropriate class, it includes: crucible steel, carbon steel, spring steel, alloy steel,
    stainless steel, weathering steelor tool steel.Today steelisone of the mostcommon materials in the world
    with more than abillion tonsproducedannually. It isone of the majorcomponent inbuildings,infrastructure,
    tools,ships,automobiles,machines,appliancesandweapons.

    Several heat treatment allows to shape and increase the strength of the steel. Most common of them are
    annealing, quenching, and tempering. In annealing, the steel is heated at a high temperature to relieve
    internal stress and soften the metal. Quenchingand tempering involves heatingthesteelto730Cand then
    quenchitinwateroroil.Steel isthentempered toreducebrittleness.Usuallythe steelmanufacturingprocess
    constitutesthefollowing:

    Processingofextractedironfromoreintocoarselygrainedclumpsusingmagneticrollers

    Refiningcoalfromimpuritiesinacokefurnacetoproducepurecarbon

    Heatingthecombinedmixtureofironclumpsandpurecarboninablastfurnacetoproducemolten
    iron

    Finally,treatingthemoltenironandvaryingquantitiesofsteelscrapsandotheralloysintheoxygen
    furnace,toproducedifferentgradesofsteel

    Primarysteelproductsmaythenbetransformedintoawiderangeoffinishedsteelproductsthrough
    hotandcoldrollingprocesses

    Stainless steel is produced by adding 11% of chromium to form hard oxide on the metal surface of the
    steel.Stainless steel could be categorized into ferriticor austenitic stainlesssteel type. Ferritic stainlesssteel
    is a composition of iron and chromium, whereas the austenitic stainless steel also has nickel added to it.
    Material mixture is melted in an electric arc furnace to form molten metal and it is then refined and
    decarbonised in oxygen furnace also called (ArgonOxygen Decarburization vessel) by blowing oxygen,
    argon andnitrogenintothemoltensteel.Finallythroughcontinuouscastingstainlesssteelslabsareproduced
    andwiththehelpofsurfacegrindingprocessallthepossiblesurfacedefectsareremoved.

    Steelproductscanberecycledrepeatedlywithoutlossofstrength.Infactabout15%ofthe steelismadefrom
    recycled steel. Also,steelisthesecondbiggestindustryintheworldafteroiland gaswithanannualturnover
    worth hundreds of billions of pounds. Most commercial banks have steel lockers to safeguard their client's
    valuables.Midlandsteelequipmentco.provides
    vintagemetallockersforsaleinCreswellandotherareas
    ofUK.Theyarealsomanufacturerofsteelstorageshelvesandcabinets.

    These days iron and steel are used widely in theconstruction of roads, railways, infrastructure, appliances,
    and buildings. Most large modern structures, such as stadiums and skyscrapers, bridges, and airports, are
    supported by a steel skeleton. Theyarealsousedtoproducebolts,nails,screws,cookingutensilsandother
    household products. Steel also has application in surgicalinstruments, automobiles, shipping, piping, heavy
    equipments and other tools. With so many applications and sucha widespectrumof usage,it would be fair
    enoughtoregarditasoneoftheunsurpassedmetal.

    http://www.midlandsteelequipment.co.uk

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