Checklist

Raw Materials Available

No. of Equipment more than
10?
Any rare equipment?
3 processes to choose from
(for process selection)
Literature of the whole process
available
Any complicated reactions?
Any by-products

Yes

No

(checked from AdU)

(hmm?
Haha)
(by-product : Gypsum ;
may waste gas etc.)

Any political conflict. Laws and

regulations
Market

Wala makita sa net, pero based sa paper sa

AdU ok naman, Utang muna to, balik muna
ako AdU haha
Available in ASPEN
( refer to: Simulation of
Phosphoric Acid
Production by the
Dihydrate Process by
Aspen Tech.)
Capital cost efficient?
(Trade-off analysis
based on paper from
AdU showed good
results)
Is the plant possible to be built
(Plant Loc. Di pa sure,
in the Philippines
aralin muna. Pero
possible syempre.)
Topic: Manufacture of Phosphoric Acid from Chicken Bones
Assessment Summary:

Score: 9/10 (may by products)

REMARKS: Ok naman siya kung siya yung mapili nating topic, though may
challenge talaga. If ever na may laban, pagaralan na lang mabuti. Tas maganda
kung lahat tayo punta AdU para makita niyo ung thesis dun. NOTE: 4 lang ang
pwedeng pumunta per day per school. P50 per student.

Raw Materials Available:

Poultry is the most progressive animal enterprise today. It is one of the worlds

major and fastest producers of meat while in the Philippines, it has been a
significant contributor to the country's agriculture sector.
In 2010, the chicken population in the Philippines was estimated 159 million,
slightly higher (0.2 percent) than last years level. Layer and native chicken
inventory grew by 13 and 2 percent, respectively. Almost 50 percent of the total
chicken population was accounted for native or village chicken raised in backyard
farms while the remaining 32.8% (broilers) and 18% (layers) were taken up by
commercial broilers. (Department of Science and Technology, 2010)
According to BAS, total annual demand in 2009 for broiler meat reached nearly 689
TMT, up more than 3 percent from the previous year. Projected improvements in the
Philippine economy as well as population growth are expected to continue to pushup consumption of chicken meat in 2010. Moreover, the continued high retail price
of pork may result in some shift from pork to chicken by consumers. (The Meat Site,
2010)
Per capita chicken consumption in 2008 was at 8.64 kg/year, an increase of almost
10 percent from the previous year.

Number of equipment: (Goal : 10 types of equipment)

(Based sa THESIS sa AdU, 10 equipments + siya kaso di ko matandaan anung
process ang nanalo sa kanila, but just in case here is the dihydrate process flow: )

PHOSPHORIC ACID PRODUCTION PROCESS OPTIONS

There are three basic types of processes for the production of phosphoric acid:
Furnace process
Wet process
Dihydrate process

CHEMICAL REACTION:
The objective in designing the reaction system is to carry out the reaction between
phosphate rock and sulfuric acid so as to recover a maximum percentage of P2O5
from the rock for the product in the form of phosphoric acid, in the simplest and
least expensive manner. Since filtration is the most critical and expensive step in
the process, the primary objective of the reactor is to form gypsum crystals of such

size and shape that the filtration and washing can be carried out efficiently and
rapidly.
Maximum recovery means minimizing losses. Here, three types of P2O5 losses are
recognized:
1. Un-reacted phosphate rock
2. P2O5 co-crystallizes with gypsum through isomorphic substitution of HPO4 and
SO4, and,
3. Phosphoric acid lost in gypsum due to incomplete washing

Further reading: Open Booklet 4 production of phosphoric acid for the different
processes and reaction mechanisms.