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(MCE 321)
Chapter 3
Load and Stress Analysis
Dr. Lotfi Romdhane
lromdhane@aus.edu
Mechanical Design I (MCE 321)
Summer 2016
Chapter 3
Load and Stress Analysis
3-1
3-2
3-3
Singularity Functions
3-4
Stress
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
Elastic Strain
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
Torsion
3-13
Stress Concentration
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
Temperature Effects
3-18
3-19
Contact Stresses
3-20
Summary
Free-Body Diagram
Free-body diagrams help simplifying the analysis of a very complex
structure or machine by successively isolating each element.
If a beam with supports is cut at some section located at = 1 and the lefthand portion is removed as a free body, an internal shear force and
bending moment must act on the cut surface to ensure equilibrium.
Shear force and bending moment are related by the equation
Fig. 33
Mechanical Design I (MCE 321)
Shear-Moment Diagrams
Moment Diagrams
Two Planes
Example 33
Torsion
A
Tr
M
max
Z
I
Z
c
max
J
c
Trans. Shear
y & z-axes
VQ
It
L. Romdhane, SS 2016, 7:39 AM -- 17--
P Pey
A
I
Mechanical Design I (MCE 321)
= =
2 2
10+
= (10 + ) =
3 10 +
= 2 +
=
= 100
2
2 3
3
0.2 3 100 750 = 0 = 25
3 10+
2 3
The force distribution acting at a point on the surface have components in the
normal and tangential directions called normal stress and tangential shear stress,
labeled by the Greek symbols and , respectively.
The units of stress in U.S Customary units are pounds per square inch (psi). For SI
units, stress is in Newtons per square meter (N/m2);1 N/m2 = 1 Pascal (Pa).
is labeled normal stress where indicates a normal stress and the subscript
indicates the direction of the surface normal.
and are the shear stress components in the and directions, where the
first subscript indicates the direction of the surface normal whereas the second
subscript is the direction of the shear stress.
Principal Stresses
Imagine that the element is cut by an oblique plane with a
normal at an arbitrary angle counterclockwise from the axis as
the stresses and are found to be
tan 2 =
http://www.ijee.ie/OnlinePapers/Interactive/Philpot/mo
hr_learning_tool.htm
15000 N.mm
cm
cm
cm
cm
88.4 MPa
163.2 MPa
79.6 MPa
-74.7 MPa
Mechanical Design I (MCE 321)
Stress Concentration
Any discontinuity in a machine part alters the stress distribution in
the neighborhood of the discontinuity so that the elementary stress
equations no longer describe the state of stress in the part at these
locations.
Stress concentrations can arise from some irregularity not inherent in
the member, such as tool marks, holes, notches, grooves, or threads.
A theoretical, or geometric, stress-concentration factor Kt or Kts
The longitudinal stresses exist when the end reactions to the internal
pressure are taken by the pressure vessel itself.
pidi
t av
ri2 pi ro2
r 2 2 1 2
ro ri r
For closed ends
ri2 pi
l 2 2
ro ri
2t
pi di
t max
pidi
l
2t
t
0.05
ri
4t
Thin walled
p0=0
Approximation:
Mechanical Design I (MCE 321)
= 0.8
=
+
= 164.5
=
= 117.5
=
= 0.744
16
Mechanical Design I (MCE 321)
rc ri R
rn
R2
2 rc rc2 R 2
N=600 lb
R= 1.97 in
M= 1180.95 lb.in
N=600 lb
Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:
Identify types of stresses generated by external loads
Determine principal and maximum shear stresses
Define problems based on type of loading whether static or dynamic
Determine stress amplitudes and means
Select appropriate failure criteria
Identify figures, tables, charts to calculate factors of safety and load limits
on parts or structures
Develop solutions for critical loads on compression members, pressure
vessels and press fits based on their type
Select materials and size fasteners, welds, based on safety calculations
Design mechanical springs (material and size) to perform certain task for
safe applications.