Bi 54

Xt cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau c lp t cc s 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Hi

trong cc s c bao nhiu s
a)Bt u bi ch s 9
b)Khng bt u bi ch s 1
c)Bt u bi 19
d)Khng bt u bi 135
Gi s cn tm c dng

abcde

a) c a=9 \sr s cch chn 4 ch s cn li l chnh hp chp 4 ca 4 phn t, khi

s cc s tha yu cu l 4.3.2.1=24 s
b)s cc s c 5 ch s lp c t cc s 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 l 5!. S cc s c 5 ch
s khc nhau bt u bng s 1 l 4!\sr s cc s tha yu cu
5!-4!=96 s
c) t 19 l mt s a. Ta c s cc s c cc ch s khc nhau to thnh t a, 3,
5 ,7 vi a l s ng u l 1.3.2.1=6 s
d) t 135 l mt s b. Ta c s cc s c cc ch s to thnh t b, 7, 9 vi b l
s ng u l 1.2.1=2 s\sr s cc s khng bt u bng 135 l 5!-2=118 s

Bi 55

0;1; 2;3; 4; 5; 6
T tp A=
lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau
sao cho s chia ht cho 5 v cc ch s 1, 2, 3 lun c mt cnh nhau
abcde
Gi s cn tm l
ta c e=0 hoc e=5 ( do s phi chia ht cho 5). Khi
ta xt cc trng hp

a) e=0. Chn v tr cho 3 s 1, 2, 3\sr c 2 cch chn, ngoi ra trong 3 s

1, 2, 3 cn c 3!=6 hon v trong . Cui cng ta chn s cn li c 3 cch
chn. Vy s cc s thuc trng hp ny l 2.6.3=36 s
b) e=5, cc s 1, 2, 3 thuc b, c, d\sr c 3!.2=12 s tha (do a khc 0 nn
ch c 2 cch chn)
c) e=5, cc s 1, 2, 3 thuc a, b, c \sr c 3!.3=18 s tha
Vy s cc s tha yu cu l 36+12+18=66 s

Bi 56
C bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s sao cho c ng 2 ch s l v 2 ch s ny ng
cnh nhau
Xt 2 trng hp:
a) trong 4 s chn khng c s 0: c 1 cch chn 4 s chn (2, 4, 6, 8), 5.4 cch
chn 2 s t nhin l. T y coi 2 s t nhin l ny l 1 s ri xp vi 4 s cn
li \sr c 5! cch xp, Vy s cc s tha trng hp ny l 5.4.5! s

C43

b) trong 4 s chn c s 0: c
cch chn 3 s chn cn li, 5.4 cch chn 2 s
t nhin l. t y coi 2 s t nhin l ny l 1 s ri xp vi 4 s chn cn li,
trong ch s 0 khng c ng u c 5!-4! cch xp
Vy s cc s tha yu cu bi l 5.4.5!+3.5.4.(5!-4!)=8160 s

Bi 57
C bao nhiu s nguyn dng c 10 ch s khc nhau, trong khng c 2 ch
s chn no ng cnh nhau
V s ny c 10 ch s khc nhau nn n c cc ch s t 0 ti 9. V khng c
2 s chn no ng cnh nhau nn cng khng c 2 s l no ng cnh nhau,
vy s chn v s l so le nhau. Xt cc trng hp
a) s l ng trc: c 5! cch xp s l v 5! cch xp s chn \sr s cch
xp tha l 5!.5!
b) s chn ng trc: c 4 cch chn ch s u tin (do ch s u tin
phi khc 0), 4! cch xp cc ch s chn cn li, 5! cch xp cc ch s l \sr
s cch xp trng hp ny l 4.4!.5!
Vy s cc s tha l 5!.5!+4.4!.5!=25920 s tha

Bi 1
C bao nhiu s t nhin c 3 ch s khc nhau v khc 0 bit tng ca 3 ch s
ny bng 9

Gi s t nhin cn tm l

Gi s

abc

Xt a=1 \sr

0a
ta c

bc8

b c 1

abc

. Theo ta c

abc9

a, b, c 0, a b, b c, c a

abc
3
3

bng cch th ngim ta tm c cc b tha

5, 3

Xt a=2\sr

bc7

bc2

\sr

b, c 4, 3

Vy c 3 b nghim, mi b nghim li cho ta 3!=6 s

Vy s cc s tha yu cu bi l 6.3=18 s

b, c 6, 2

a) c bao nhiu s t nhin gn 6 ch s khc nhau m tng cc ch s bng

18
b) hi c bao nhiu s l tha mn iu kin

abcdef
S cn tm c dng

vi

a0

a b c d e f 18

v cc ch s u khc nhau

Bng cch th chn ta c

18=0+1+2+3+4+8 (1)
18=0+1+2+3+5+7 (2)
18=0+1+2+4+5+6 (3)
Vi mi trng hp k trn c 5 cch chn s a, s cch chn 5 ch s cn li l
chnh hp chp 5 ca 5 phn t v bng 5.4.3.2.1
Vy s cc s tha yu cu bi l 3.5.5.4.3.2.1=1800 s

f
b) Ta c trng hp (1) ging trng hp (3) c 2 cch chn s
a v 4! cch chn 4 s cn li

, 4 cch chn s

f
Vi trng hp (2) ta c 4 cch chn s
cn li

, 4 cch chn s a v 4! cch chn 4 s

Vy s cc s l tha yu cu bi l 2.4.4!.2+4.4.4!=768 s

T 5 ch s 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc nhau v

chia ht cho 3

Gi s cn tm c dng

abcd

ta c

a 0

3 a b c d

v cc ch s khc nhau

Bng phng php th trc tip ta tm c mt b s duy nht l (0;3;6;9).

T b ta c 3 cch chn ch s u tin, s cch xp v tr cho 3 ch s cn li
l hon v 3 phn t \sr s cc s l 3.3!=18
Vy s cc s tha yu cu bi l 18 s

C bao nhiu s gm 5 ch s sao cho tng ch s l 1 s l

Ta thc hin vic thit lp s nh sau: chn ch s hng chc nghn: c 9 cch
chn (do khng c chn s 0). Sau c 10 3 cch chn ch s cho cc s
hng nghn hng trm v hng chc. Cui cng chn ch s hng n v: nu
tng ca 4 ch s u l l th chn ch s hng n v l chn c 5 cch chn,
nu tng 4 ch s u l chn th chn ch s hng n v l l c 5 cch chn.
Vy s cc s tha yu cu bi l 9.5. 10 3 cch

S in thoi ca mt thnh ph c 6 ch s la chn t 0, 1,2, 3, , 9

a) c bao nhiu s in thoi gm 3 cp s ging nhau (tc l c dng
ababab

), chp nhn c 000000

b) c bao nhiu s in thoi m 6 c mt 2 ln, s 2 v 5 mi s c mt 1

ln v hai s cn li c tng chia ht cho 3
a) Ta c 10 cch chn cho s a, 10 cch chn cho s b \sr c 10.10=100 s in
thoi gm 3 cp s ging nhau
b) T cc s 0, 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 ta xp thnh cc nhm
Chia ht cho 3: 0; 3; 9 (1)
Chia 3 d 1: 1; 4; 7 (2)
Chia 3 d 2: 8 (3)
Nhn thy chn 2 s sao cho tng ca chng chia ht cho 3 th ch c 2 cch
chn: hoc 2 s thuc cng nhm (1) hoc 2 s thuc 2 nhm (2) v (3) \sr s
cch chn 2 s sao cho tng chia ht cho 3 l 3!.3=18 cch
Ta thc hin vic lp s in thoi nh sau:
Bc 1: chn 1 cp s t 18 cp s trn: c 18 cch chn
Bc 2: Xp 4 ch s (2; 5 v 2 s va chn) vo 4 trong 6 v tr \sr c
cch chn, 2 v tr cn li l ca s 6
Vy s cc s in thoi tha yu cu bi l 18.360=6480 s

A64

=360

C bao nhiu s nguyn dng c 5 ch s m tng cc ch s ca n l mt s

chn
abcde
Gi s cn tm l
. Ta c 9 cch chn s a (do a khc 0), 10 3 cch chn cc
ch s b, c, d. Vi ch s e, ta chia thnh 2 trng hp:

a) tng bn ch s u l l \sr c 5 cch chn s e l l (1; 3; 5; 7; 9)

b) tng bn ch s u l chn \sr c 5 cch chn s e l chn (0; 2; 4; 6;
8)
vy s cc s tha yu cu bi l 9.10 3.5.2 = 90000 s

Lp s t nhin c 5 ch s khc nhau t cc ch s {0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7}. Hi

trong cc s va lp, c bao nhiu s t nhin chia ht cho 5 ?
Gi s cn tm l

abcde a 0
(
)theo ta c

a
c
b
c
c
c
d
c
e c 4 cch chn

7
7
6
5

cch
cch
cch
cch

Vy s cc s t nhin l 7.7.6.5.4=5580 s
s va lp chia ht cho 5 th

e 0;5

Xt 2 trng hp
e0

a)
e5

b)

: Khi s cch chn cc s cn li l 7.6.5.4=840 s

: Khi s cch chn cc s cn li l 6.6.5.4=720 s

S cc s chia ht cho 5 l 1560 s

chn
chn
chn
chn

 1; 2;3; 4;5; 6
Cho tp hp E=
. C th lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s khng yu
cu i mt khc nhau sao cho mi s to thnh u chia ht cho 4
mt s chia ht cho 4 th hai s cui cng ca n phi chia ht cho 4. T tp E
lp c 8 b 2 s chia ht cho 4 (12, 16, 24, 32, 36, 44, 52, 56, 64). Sau ta
chn s cho 2 v tr cn li \sr c 6 2 cch chn (do cc s c th trng nhau). Vy
s cc s lp t tp E v chia ht cho 4 l 8.6 2=288 s

cho mt a gic li c n cnh (

n3

a) c bao nhiu tam gic c nh trng vi nh ca a gic

b) c bao nhiu giao im gia cc ng cho
a) s tam gic c nh l nh ca a gic n cnh ng bng s cch chn b 3
nh t n nh ca a gic y \sr s tam gic tp thnh c l

Cn3

tam gic

b) ta c giao im ca cc ng cho chnh l giao im ca 2 ng cho ca

t gic c 4 nh t cc nh ca a gic n cnh \sr s giao im ca cc ng
cho l

Cn4

Cho 10 im A, B, C trn mt phng trong khng c 3 im no thng

hng.
a) Ni chng li c bao nhiu ng thng?
b) c bao nhiu tam gic to thnh t 10 im trn ch im A? cha cnh
AB?
a) V khng c 3 im no thng hng nn s ng thng lp c bng s
cch chn 2 im \sr c

C102

=45 ng thng

b) s tam gic lp c bng s cch chn 3 im t 10 im trn \sr s tam

gic lp c l

C103

tam gic

C 10 ng thng song song ct 7 ng thng song song khc. Hi c bao

nhiu hnh bnh hnh c to thnh
S tam gic to thnh bng vi s cch chn 2 cp ng thng song song i
mt khc nhau. Ta thc hin cch chn ng nh sau: chn 2 trong 10 ng
thng song song u tin. Sau tip tc chn 2 trong s 7 ng thng song
song vi nhau. Vy s hnh bnh hnh tha yu cu bi l

C72 C102

cch chn

Bit (d) v (d) l 2 ng thng song song. Trn (d) ly 5 im, trn (d) ly n
im, ni cc im li ta c cc tam gic. Tm n s tam gic lp c bng
45
3 im c chn to thnh 1 tam gic th 3 im phi khng song song
vi nhau \sr 3 im phi thuc c 2 ng (d) v (d). Ta xt cc trng hp
nh sau
a) 2 im thuc (d), 1 im thuc (d): c
b) 2 im thuc (d), 1 im thuc (d): c
T ta c phng trnh
Vy c 3 im trn (d)

C52

n+

Cn2

C52
Cn2

n cch chn
.5 cch chn

.5=45\sr n=3

Hun luyn vin mt i bng cn chn 5 cu th qu lun lu 11 mt. C

bao nhiu cch chn cu th nu
a) c 11 cu th c kh nng nh nhau (k c th mn)
b) c 3 cu th b chn thng v tht thit phi b tr A qu s 1 v B
qu s 4
a) S cch chn 5 cu th lun lu 11 mt t 11 ngi l
cc cu th theo th t trc sau c 5! cch xp
Vy s cch chn cu th l 5!

C115

C115

. Sau ta xp

=55440 cch

b)V 3 cu th chn thng nn ch cn 7 ngi c th lun lu. V A

qu th 1 v B qu th 4 \sr c
xp vo cc lt st
Vy s cch chn tha yu cu l

A53

A53

cch chn 3 cu th t 5 ngi cn li v

=60 cch

Mt lp hc c 40 hc sinh, trong gm 25 nam v 15 n. Gio vin ch nhim

mun chn mt ban cn s lp gm 4 em. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn nu:
a) c 1 nam v 3 n
b) c t nht 1 nam v 1 n
1
C25

C153

a) C
cch chn 1 bn trong 25 bn nam, c
cch chn 3 bn t 15 bn n
\sr s cch thnh2 lp ban cn s lp tha yu cu bi l:
1
C25
C153

=11375 cch

b)
S cch chn 4 bn bt k vo ban cn s lp l
S cch chn 4 bn nam vo ban cn s lp l
S cch chn 4 bn n vo ban cn s lp l

C404

C254

C154

cch

cch

cch

Vy s cch chn bn cn s lp c mt c nam ln n l;

4
C40
C254 C154
=77375 cch

C 5 tem th khc nhau v 6 b th cng khc nhau. Ngi ta mun chn t

ra 3 b th, 3 tem th v dn 3 tem th y ln 3 b th chn. Mt b th ch
dn 1 tem th. Hi c bao nhiu cch lm nh vy
S cch chn 3 tem th t 5 tem th khc nhau l
S cch chn 2 b th t 6 b th khc nhau l

C63

C53

cch

cch

S cch dn 3 tem th ln 3 b th chn l 3! cch

Vy s cch chn tha yu cu bi l

C53 C63

.3!=1200 cch

C 15 bi tp. Mi thi gm 4 bi tp c chn ra t 15 bi tp y.

a) c my thi khc nhau
b) c 2731 th sinh d thi. Chng minh rng c t nht 3 th sinh c chung
thi
a) s cch lp thi bng s cch chn 4 bi tp khng c th t t 15 bi tp
y

s thi khc nhau tha yu cu l

b) gi s mi thi ch c ti a 2 bn lm

C154

=1365 thi

s th sinh ti a c th c l

2.1365=2730 <2731. Vy chc chn phi c t nht 1 thi c 3 th sinh cng

lm

dpcm

Mt trng c 50 em hc sinh gii, trong c 4 cp anh em sinh i. Cn chn

ra 3 hc sinh trong s 50 hc sinh tham gia tri h. Hi c bao nhiu cch
chn m trong 3 em y khng c cp anh em sinh i
S cch chn ra 3 hc sinh m khng c iu kin g l

C503

cch

Ta s loi tr cc trng hp c 1 cp anh em sinh i. u tin ta chn 1 cp

sinh i, c 4 cch chn. Sau chn 1 hc sinh cn li t 48 hc sinh, c 48
cch chn. Vy s cch chn 3 em hc sinh tha yu cu bi l
4.48=19408 cch

C503

Trong mt lp gm 20 hc sinh c 2 t, mi t 10 hc sinh. Cn chn 13 em hc

sinh tham gia vn ngh ca trng. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn hc sinh sao cho
s hc sinh t 1 c chn lun nhiu hn
S cch chn 13 em hc sinh t 20 hc sinh nu khng c iu kin g khc l
13
C20

cch

Xt 1 cch chn hc sinh sao cho s hc sinh t 1 nhiu hn s hc sinh t 2 a

hc sinh, khi tng ng vi n l 1 cch chn hc sinh sao cho s hc sinh t
2 nhiu hn s hc sinh t 1 a hc sinh. Vy s cch chn hc sinh t 1 nhiu
hn bng vi s cch chn sao cho hc sinh t 1 t hn. Li c s hc sinh c
chn l 1 s l (13) cho nn khng c trng hp chn bng nhau
Vy s cch chn tha yu cu bi l

13
C20

/2=38760 cch

Mt i xy dng gm 10 cng nhn v 3 k s. Cn lp 1 t cng tc c 1 k s

lm t trng, 1 cng nhn lm t ph v 5 cng nhn l t vin. Hi c bao
nhiu cch chn cng nhn tha
Ta thc hin vic lp i qua cc bc sau
Bc 1: chn 1 k s v 6 cng nhn vo i: c 3

C106

cch chn

Bc 2: chn 1 trong 6 cng nhn kia lm i ph c 6 cch chn

Vy s cch lp i cng tc l 3

C106

.6=3780 cch

i tuyn hc sinh gii ca 1 trng gm 18 em, trong c 7 hc sinh khi 12,

6 hc sinh khi 11, 5 hc sinh khi 10. Hi c bao nhiu cch c 8 hc sinh trong
i i tri h sao cho mi khi c t nht 1 hc sinh
S cch chn 8 hc sinh khng c iu kin g

C188

cch chn

Ta s loi cc trng hp khng tha iu kin, tc l cc trng hp c 2 khi

c chn. Xt trng hp ch lp 12 v 11 c chn
Tng t nh vy vi cc trng hp cn li ta c
8
12

C118

C138

cch chn.

cch chon 8 hc sinh t 2

C
khi 10 v 11,

cch chn 8 hc sinh t 2 khi 10 v 12

Vy s cch chn tha yu cu bi l

C188

-(

C138

C118

C128

)=41811 cch

Mt hi ngh bn trn c phi on ca cc nc: M 5 ngi, Nga 5 ngi, Anh 4

ngi, Php 6 ngi, c 4 ngi. Hi c bao nhiu cch sp xp cho mi thnh
vin sao cho ngi cng quc tch ngi gn nhau
u tin c 5! cch sp xp 5 ngi M, 5! cch xp cho Nga, 4! cch xp cho
Anh, 6! cch xp cho Php v 4! cch xp cho c.
Ta mi mt on vo ngi trc chng hn on M. Sau ta sp xp 4 on
cn li vo v tr

c 4! cch xp

Vy s cch sp xp tha yu cu l 4!5!5!4!6!4! cch xp