Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Causes of Nationalism
Spread of Liberalism
Liberal ideas from Europe filtered in when Spain gradually exposed Phil. To international
commerce.
The sons and daughters of the principalia were able to attain education, thereupon giving then
exposure to libertarian ideas.
Illustrados - Illustrados like Rizal, Del Pilar and Jaena who had their education in Europe
obtained liberal ideas on these significant events in the history of the world. They were the first
individuals realized that they need to voice out their opinion and thoughts about the exploitation
of Spanish officials and friars to the Filipinos. Though, before Rizal time revolts against
Spaniards occurred. On 1832, Apolinario de la Cruz, a religious and rebel leader, founded the
brotherhood of Confradia de San Jose, in Lukban, Quezon that fought for religious freedom. As
founder, he was given the title of hermano mayor, and thus was also known as Hermano Pule. It
simply proved that Filipinos did not like the ruling of Spaniards. Yet these revolts did not succeed
because of geographical condition of the country. We could not easily unite.
d. In 1774, Archbishop Basilio Santa Justa decided to uphold the dioceses authority over
the parishes and accepted the resignations of the regular priests. He assigned secular
priests to take their place. Since there were not enough seculars to fill all the vacancies
the Archbishop hastened the ordination of Filipino seculars. A royal decree was also
issued on November 9, 1774, which provided for the secularization of all parishes or the
transfer of parochial administration from the regular friars to the secular priests.
e. The regulars resented the move because they considered the Filipinos unfit for the
priesthood. Among other reasons they cited the Filipinos brown skin, lack of education,
and inadequate experience.
f. The controversy became more intense when the Jesuits returned to the Philippines. They
had been exiled from the country because of certain policies of the order that the Spanish
authorities did not like.
g. The issue soon took on a racial slant. The Spaniards were clearly favouring their own
regular priest over Filipino priests.
The Spanish Revolution of 1868
Martyrdom of GomBurZa
h. In February 17, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jocinto Zamora
(Gomburza), all Filipino priest, was executed by the Spanish colonizers on charges of
subversion.
i. The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora was their alleged complicity in
the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard.
j. The death of Gomburza awakened strong feelings of anger and resentment among the
Filipinos.
k. They questioned Spanish authorities and demanded reforms.
l. The martyrdom of the three priests apparently helped to inspire the organization of the
Propaganda Movement, which aimed to seek reforms and inform Spain of the abuses of
its colonial government.
m. The death of the three priests or also known as GOMBURZA raised the consciousness of
Filipinos to revolt. The three priests were killed because they wanted reform in the
secularization.
n. Also the invention of printing press helped the propagandist express and show their
thoughts and ideas through newspaper. Because of this, Filipino masses became more
aware on the events happening around them. They recognize the importance of
expressing their self, their own nationality, and their freedom.
1. Revolt of Lakandula and Soliman (1574)
Lakandula and Soliman decided to rise in arms. They proclaimed their revolt and gathered in Navotas.
Cause: Lavezariss reversal of Legazpis policy of exempting the native rulers from tributes
2.
Some brave Pampangueo leaders connived w/ the people of Manila and the Borneans. The leaders were
arrested abd executed w/out any fair trial.
Cause Abuses of the Encomenderos
3.
(1587-88)
was a plot against Spanish colonial rule by the datus of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and
Pampanga. It was led by Agustin de Legazpi, nephew of Lakandula, and his first cousin, Martin
Pangan.The uprising failed when they were denounced to the Spanish authorities by Antonio Surabao
(Susabau) of Calamianes
Cause Regain Lost
Freedom
4.
led by Magalat, a Filipino rebel from Cagayan. He had been arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion
against the Spanish. He was later released after some urging by some Dominican priests, and returned to
Cagayan. Together with his brother, he urged the entire country to revolt.The Spanish Governor-General
Francisco de Tello de Guzmn sent Pedro de Chaves from Manila with Spanish and Filipino colonial
troops. They fought successfully against the rebels, and captured and executed several leaders under
Magalat. Magalat himself was assassinated within his fortified headquarters by his own men
Cause Unjust Tax
5. Revolt of the Igorots ( 1601)
Spaniards were determined to proselytize the Igorots. An expedition was sent to stop them from resisting
to colonial subjugation.
Cause Refusal to Accept new religion
6. Revolt of the Irrayas, N Isabela in Cagayan Valley (1621)
After the missionaries had left,led by Fray Pedro de Santo Tomas, the Irrayas killed their encomenderos
and burned their houses. FR. Santo Tomas returned and promised them that the govt. would pardon them
and remedy their grievances. The revolt ended w/out a fight.
Cause Oppression of Spanish Officilas
7. Revolt of Tamblot, Bohol (1621-22)
Tamblot, a babaylan,, persuaded the natives to abandon Catholicism and rise against the Spaniards. They
began their revolt when the most of the Jesuits were away attending the beatification of St. francis Xavier
in Cebu. They burned the villages as well as the churches.
was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Bancao, the datu of Carigara , in the presentday Carigara Philippine province of Leyte.
Cause Return to Native Religion
9.
Ladia was a Bornean and a descendant of Lakandula who came to Malolos in 1643.Upon his capture, he
was brought to Manila where he was executed.
Cause Spanish oppression
10.
Causes Frequent Recruitment of Men to Cut timber in the Mts. And Bandala.
led by Don Francisco Maniago, initially caused by natives' protest against the polo and bandala, later
became a struggle to free the natives from Spanish rule. The rebels were weakened by Gov. de Lara's
cooperation of Arayat chief Macapagal.
13.
18.
Causes Tribute, Spains Loss of Prestige due to the British Occupation of Manila
Palaris urged the people to fight since the Spanish were very weak. Palaris was publicly hanged.
20.
21.
23.
24.
MUSLIM WARS
The Spaniards made attempts to subdue the inhabitants of Mindanao by deploying its military forces in
the South.
Reasons:
Gov. Francisco de Sande sent forces to Jolo, led by Capt. Esteban Figuerosa. Sultan Pangiran Budiman
resisted the attack. But Sulu fell into the Spanish hands. Pearls-tribute.
The Moros avenged by plundering coastal towns under Spanish dominion. Sirungan and Salikala
prepared a stronger force of 70 vessels and 4000 warriors, but they were repulsed with heavy losses at
Iloilo province by 1000 Visayan warriors and 70 Spanish arquebusiers under Don Juan Garcia de Sierra.
June/23/1635 A stone fort was built in Zamboanga led by Fr. Melchor de Verea w/ 1000 Visayans.
March/13/1637 Gov. Corcuerra led his troop at the mouth of Rio grande de Mindanao. Next day, they
had Lamitan, Sultan Kudarats capital in Cotabato.
After nursing his bullet wound in one arm, Sultan Kudarat later mounted raids on Spanish settlements in
Luzon and Visayas. In 1645, Tausugs finally liberated Jolo. In 1749, Sultan Alimud I was deposed by his
bro. Bantilan of his friendship w/ the Spaniards. In 1751, Gov. Gen. de Obando wanted Alimud Din I to
regain his throne in Jolo. The Sultan left Manila and stopped at Zamboanga. The Spanish commander
claimed to have intercepted a letter from Alimud din I to a sultan in Mindanao, w/c was allegedly
treasonable. He was shipped back to Manila and later imprisoned at Fort Santiago. Gov. Gen. de Arandia
later released him and granted him royal privillages. In 1762, he was rescued by the British and restored
his throne in Jolo.
The height of the Moro Wars occurred in the second half of the 18th cen. In the closing of the 19th cen.
The Moro power declined. In 1848, Gov. Gen. de Urbiztondo attacked the Samals at Balanguingui.
Dec/11/1850 Gov. Gen. de Urbiztondo left Manila to subjugate Muslims of Sulu. The next month, he
attacked Jolo. The natives lost over 100 men. In 1861, the sultan in Maguindanao finally recognized
Spanish sovereignity. However, resistance cont. under Datu Ugto in upper Pulangi. In 1874, Gov. Gen.
Jose Malcampo prepared a mighty armada for the invasion of Jolo. It lasted for 1 day and on March 1
/1876, Sultan Jamalul Alam worked for peace w/ the Spanish. He transferred his capital to Maimbung.
The Sultanate of Sulu,being a sovereign govt. was able to lease Sabah ( N. Borneo) to a British company,
that on Jan. 22, 1878, Sultan Jamalul Alam leased Sabah to Mr. Alfred Dent,Englishman, and to Baron
Gustavus Von Overbeck.
In 1886, Gov. Gen. Terrero led the invasion to Cotabato. They destroyed some forts of Datu Utto but
failed to crush Uttos fighters. In 1891, Gov. Gen. Weyler, invaded Lanao, that in Aug. 21, 1891 he won
the first battle of Marawi in Lanao Lake. Datu Amai Pakpak, the defender of Marawi, was able to escape.
He recruited more warriors to fight against the Spanish. However, he was overpowered by Datu Ali
Jimbangan and his fierce krismen.
In 1895, Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco invaded Lanao Lake region. He attacked Marawi on March 10, 1895
where Datu amai Pakpak died http://www.google.comaction. The Muslim warriors declared a jihad,
forcing Blanco and his troop to return to Manila.
Paris Treaty - Ang Kasunduan sa Paris, na nilagdaan noong Disyembre 10, 1898, ay ang nagpatapos ng
Digmaang Espanyol-Amerikano. Nasasaad sa kasunduan ang pagpapalaya sa bansang Cuba, ang
paglilipat ng pamumuno sa Estados Unidos sa mga bansang Puerto Rico at Guam, at ang pagbili sa
Pilipinas mula sa Espanya sa halagang $20,000,000 ng Estados Unidos, w/ ended the Spanish domination
in the Philippines.
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was signed on December 10, 1898, at the end of the Spanish-American War,
and came into effect on April 11, 1899, when the ratifications were exchanged.The Treaty signaled the
end of the Spanish Empire in America and the Pacific Ocean and marked the beginning of an age of
United States colonial power.