Chapter 2- Changes that Material Undergo

Lesson 1: Changes in Matter

Duration : 2 days
I.Objectives:
1. Describe changes in materials under different conditions.
2. Cite the conditions/factors that bring about changes in materials.
II.A. Materials
Balloon
2 pieces of bond paper
Pair of scissors
Alcohol lamp

candle
match
bottle

B. References
Science and Health 5, SD Publishing Inc.
Science for Daily Use 5, TM, txbook
C. Process skills: Observing, Describing,communicating,
investigating,explaining
D. Values integration: Be cautious (Take reasonable care to avoid risks)
III. Learning Tasks:
A. Engagement
Motivation
1. Have the pupils look at the two pictures (same pictures). The
first picture was taken some years back, the second picture is
the recent one
2. Instruct the pupils to compare the old picture with the recent.
3. Ask:what changes have taken place in this particular place (brgy
Magiting)?
4. Have the pupils to fill up the chart
Say:List down all the materials that have changed.
Old picture

5. Call 3-4 pupils to discuss there answers.

6. Present the lesson:

Recent Picture

There are numerous changes occurring in the environment every

second. Some of these changes are very noticeable while others
are not.
Today you will do an activity that will help you understand
how materials undergo changes.
B.Exploration
1. Divide the class into small groups.
2. Set norms to follow during group activities.
3. Introduce chapter 2- Changes that material undergo,lesson 1:
changes in Matter/Material
4. Provide the material to each group
5. Go around and follow up the conduct of activity by each group
6. Remind each group that they will be presenting their gathered
data in class after finishing their activity.
What to do:
Caution: Be careful in handling the alcohol lamp when it is lighted.
1 blow the into the balloon. Tie the end to keep the ballon in shape.
Observe the size of each balloon before and after blowing.
2 Cut a piece of bond paper into two equal parts. Leave one piece
of bond paper untouched. Compare the sizes of the cut part with
the uncut piece of bond paper.
3 Cut the uncut piece of bond paper into different shapes. Observe
what happens to its sizes.
4 Light the alcohol lamp and burn the other half of the piece of
bond paper. Compare the burned paper and the paper.
5 Light the candle and put it into a bottle to secure it in place.
Observe what happens to the candle. Then put off the flame.
6 Write your observations in the data table describing the changes
you have observe under different conditions.
Material

Condition

Changed observed

C.Explanation
Ask the group to present their data and answer the guide
questions.
Suggested answers:
1. What do you noticed with the size and shape of the balloon
after blowing? (the size and shape change)

2. Compare the sizes of the uncut paper with the paper that was
cut in half.( the cut paper is smaller)
3. What happened to the paper after cutting it in different
shapes?
(the paper got small)
4. What were the changes in questions 1,2 and 3. What was the
condition that made them change? (heat, cutting, blowing)
5. What happened to the burned paper? (became ash)
6. What made them burned? (flame)
7. What have you noticed with with the candles while lightedIt
melts
8. What condition that made it changed? (heat)
9. What are the changes you have observed under different
conditions?
10.
What did you learn in this activity?
D.Elaboration
Help the pupils construct and express their understanding. At this
point they should be able to say/ understand that
Materials undergo changes. It may be inshape, sizes, or state of
matter without changing its kind.It may be a changed in
composition in the production of a new substance.
When force is applied, the material changed in shape and size
but the material is still the original material, This is called a physical
changed.
Heat can also changed the materials composition. Hence, when
a piece of paper is burned, the material changed into ash. Ash is a
new material. Ash is a new material that cannot be used for
writing. This changed is called chemical changed.
E. Evaluation
Is it Physical changed or Chemical change
_________________1.
_________________2.
_________________3.
_________________4.
_________________5.

Pounding of grains
Burning of the leaves
Butter melts
Cotton is burned
T-shirt is cut

IV. Assignment
List down 5 changes that your community has undergone.
1.______________________
2.______________________
3.______________________
4.______________________

5.___________________

Chapter 2: Changes That Material Undergo

Lesson 2: Physical Change
Duration: 4 Days
I. Objectives:
1. Observe that no new materials are formed in Physical
change.
2. Show that physical change may take place in materials.
3. Investigate changes that happen in materials upon
application of heat.
II. A. Materials
Activity 1:
Piece of cloth, piece of paper, toothpicks,straw, popsickle
sticks,
scissors
Activity 2:
Water,alcohol lamp,naphthalene balls, tin can, plastic for ice
candy,
Ice cube
B. References
Into the Future : Science and Health 5,TM, Textbook,
Abiva Publishing, author Peralta-Peralta
C. Processes Skills:
Observing, Communicating, describing , identifying,
investigating
D. Values Integration
Be cautious. Take reasonable care to avoid risks.
III. Learning Tasks
A. Engagement
1.jigsaw puzzle of different materials(tree,jar,box)
2.first group to complete the puzzles, wins the game
Today you will do an activity that will help you understand
more of physical change
B. Exploration
What to do:
1. Divide the class into small groups
2. Set norms to follow during group activities.
3. Introduce Lesson 2:Physical change
4. Provide the materials to each group
5. Go around and follow up the conduct of activity
by each group.

6. Remind the group that they will be presenting their data

in class after finishing their activity.
Activity 1: Observing Physical Change
What to do:
A. -Get the piece of cloth and scissors.
Cut it into pieces using the desired shape.
Paste it on 1 bond paper.
B. Get the piece of paper.
Crumple the piece of paper
Paste it on 1 bond paper
C. Get the popsicle sticks
Make a house out of the popsickle sticks.
Paste it on 1 bond paper.
D .Get the toothpicks .
Make a design out of the toothpicks.
Paste it on 1 bond paper.
E.Get the plastic straw.
Cut it into desired shapes.
Make a flower out of the shapes
Paste it on 1 bond paper.
Activity 2- Observing Physical Change
(Change of State)
What to do:
1. Put water in the plastic and place it inside the freezer for
20 minutes. Observe what happens.
2. Place the ice cubes on a saucer for few minutes. Observe.
3. Pour water on a tin can and place the can over the flame
for about 15 minutes. Observe what happens to the water
inside the can.
4. Place the naphthalene ball on a piece of paper that was
kept in the bookshelves for 1 week. (keeping it should be
done in advance and should announce to the class)
5. Write your observations in the data table.
situations
Freezing of
water
Melting of ice
cube
Burning of
water
Naphthalene
ball

Changes that
happened

condition

Kind of change

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
Activity 1
1. What happened in each activity?What changed that can be
noted?
2. Was there a new substance formed? Why?
3. What kind of change is this?
Activity 2
1. What change did you observe when you placed the water in the
freezer?why?
2. Describe the ice cube on a saucer? Why?
3. What happened to the water in the tin can? Where did it go?
Why
4. What happened to the naphthalene ball?Why?
5. Place the naphthalene ball on a far side of the room. Can you
detect its smell even from afar?What does it mean?
C.Explanation:
Ask the group to present their data and answer the guide
questions.
Suggested answers
Activity 1
1. What happened in each activity?(they changed)
2. Was there a change in each activity? (yes)
3. What was the changed that can be noted? (size, shape,
texture)
4. Was there a new substance formed?(none)
5. What kind of change is this? (Physical change)
Activity 2
1. what happened to the water in the freezer?( the water turned
to ice water)Why? (Because of the low temperature/ cold)
2. What can you say to the ice cube on the saucer?(it turned to
water/ it melted). Why? (bec. Of heat)
3. What happened to the water in the tin can? (it disappeared/its
gone)
Where did it go? (air)
Why? (it was changed to gas)
4.what happened to the naphthalene ball?(the size
changed/became
Smaller) Why? ( bec. Of temperature)
5.Can you smell the naphthalene ball from afar? (yes)
What does it mean?(the smell indicates their transformation of
gas
State)
D.Elaboration

Help the pupils to express their understanding, at this point in

time they
Should be able to understand that
Physical change occurs when materials undergo change in
shape, size, texture without changing the composition or a change
in substance.
The application of HEAT, FORCE and PRESSURE can cause a
material to undergo physical change.
Materials can change from one state to another. Solid can
change to liquid, liquid to solid and solid to gas. These are physical
change that may be brought about by the absorption or release of
heat.
In physical change, no new substance is formed.
SOLIDIFICATION or Freezing is the process of changing of form from
liquid to solid .It is brought about by low temperature. Ex. Water to
ice.
LIQUIFICATION is the process of changing of form from solid to
liquid. It is brought about by absorption of heat. Ex. Ice to water
EVAPORATION is the process of changing of form from liquid to gas.
It is brought about by the absorption of enough heat. Ex. Water to
gas
SUBLIMATION is the process of changing of form from solid to gas. It
is brought about by the absorption of heat.It is the state of matter
from solid to gas without passing the liquid state.Naphthalene balls
release chemicals through sublimation,the longer they are
exposed,the more they turn to gas.
Here are some examples of physical change:
Change from quarrying, dissolving sugar,melting cheese, water
cycle
E.Evaluation
Which of the following shows physical change, put a check before the
number.
______1.boiling of water
______6.burning of rubber
______2.Ripening of fruits
______7.breaking of rocks
______3.cutting firewood
______8.rusty roof
______4.mixing water and ice cube ______9.melting of spoon
______5.souring of milk
______10. Melting of wax
IV. Assignment
What activities at home show physical change. Write them below.

_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________

__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________

Chapter 2: Changes That Material Undergo

Lesson 3: Chemical Change
Duration: 2 days
I .Objectives:
1. Show that chemical change may take place in materials.
2. Observe that new material is formed in chemical change.
3. Investigate changes that happen in materials upon application
of heat.
II. A. Materials
Paper, 2 empty metal can, matches,white sugar, alcohol lamp,
wet rag,
Eggshells, vinegar
B.References
Science for daily Use 5,TM and rxbook,
Into The future:Science and Health 5, TM and Txbook
Teachers Guide,Developing Science Concepts Through Learning
Activities 6,Science Links,Rex bookstore by Evelyn Larisma,jan
jason

C.Processes skills
Observing, describing, investigating
D.Values Integration: Be cooperative
III.Learning Tasks
A. Engagement
Play a game.Question and answer portion
1.each group has its own color flag to raise
2.Raise the flag if they know the answer
3. the first group to make 3 points wins the game
Question 1.change form from solid to liquid.
2.change form from solid to gas.
3. change form from liquid to solid
B Exploration
1.Divide the class into groups.Tell them to do lesson 3, Activity
1,

Observing chemical change

2.Let each group answer all the questions in their assigned
activity.
3.Guide the pupils as they perform the activity.
Activity 1- Observing Chemical Change
What to do:
1.Burn a piece of paper in an empty can
2.Pound an empty eggshell into small pieces.
Place the pieces on a saucer.
Add a teaspoonful of vinegar into them,
3.Put a spoonful of white sugar in another empty can.
Burn the sugar using a alcohol lamp,
C.Explanation
Allow them to share their own answers and the result of their activities.
Questions and suggested answers:
1 .What changes took place when you burned the paper?(it formed
ashes)
2. Did it form a new substance? (yes)
3. What was formed when you added vinegar to the brocken pieces
eggshells?
(bubbles)
4.what does this indicate?( a carbon dioxide was released in the air)
5.describe the color, appearance and smell of burnt sugar.(its
black,taste bitter
It has distinct smell)
6.Did white sugar change into something else? What was it?(yes,
carbon)
D.Elaboration
A chemical change differs from physical change. In a chemical
change, new and different materials are formed. The new materials
formed have properties different from the original properties .Acids and
absorption of heat are two factors
needed for chemical change to occur .
When the materials burned, they turned black, unlike the original
substance .Burning requires application of heat .It may or may not be
applied for a change to happen. the presence of bubbles, change in color
and release of heat
Indicate a chemical change.

When a material undergoes a chemical change, the new material

formed cannot be brought back to its original form. Chemical change is an
irreversible process.
Examples of chemical change are rotting mouse,ripening of mango,
Burning of chop woods,production of
electricity,photosynthesis,decaying vagetables.
E.Evaluation
Put a check before the number that shows a chemical change.
______1.Leaves are decaying
______2.Water is boiled
______3.Garbage is burned
______4.Sewing the socks
______5.rotting tomatoes
IV.Assignment
Read something about the compost pit.Find out the chemical change that
garbage undergoes.
Chapter 2: Changes that Material Undergo
Lesson 4:Observing Chemical Change
Duration: 2 Days
I.Objective:
1. Observe that new material is formed in chemical change
2.Investigate changes that happen in materials in the presence or
lack of
Oxygen.
II.A.Materials
Water,nails,steel wool, one half glass of milk
B. References
Science in Our World 5, Vibal Pub. , Norma Abracia,Evelyn
Sarte
Science and Health 5,SD Pub.,Carmelita Coronel
C, Values Integration
Help parents do household chores
III.LearningTasks
A. Engagement
Motivation;
1.Arrange jumbled words, meaning of physical and chemical
2. the first group to arrange it correctly, wins the game
B.Exploration

1. Divide the class into group. Tell the to do lesson 4,

Observing
Chemical change.
2.Let each group answer all the questions in their assigned
tasks
3.guide the pupils as they perform their activity
What to do:
1.Place nails and steel wool on the table.sprinkle some water
on them,
Observe them for 1 week.
2.Get an empty can and burn some pieces of paper in it.
Observe.
C.Explanation
Allow them to share their answers and the results of their
activities.
Questions and expected answers:
1.Do you see rust forming on them?(yes)
2,What made them rusty?(air and water)
3.what changes happened to the paper?(it turned ash)
4.what are the product or new substance formed in this
activity?
D.Elaboration
The nails and steel wool are made of iron.when wet iron
reacts with
Oxygen in the air, rust is produced. Rust is a new substance.
Rust is an oxide that forms when iron reacts to oxygen in the
presence of water.

When a nail is exposed to oxygen and water, rust starts to form

on its
Surface. This situation shows OXIDATION, a chemical reaction
that is aide by oxygen. Once a new product is formed, the
original material is
Unidentifiable.
When paper burns, the paper reacts with the oxygen in the air.
Its moisture and its changes its color,size, texture and shape.
Carbon dioxide, moisture and ashes are the new substance that
form.
E.Evaluation

Encircle the things that rust.

Metal spoon pad paper straw screw
money
Hammer keys

broom

coin

penci play

curtain thumbtacks rock ring

IV.Assignment
Go to the kitchen. Look for some things which undergo physical
and chemical change