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REVISION

[UNIT 4 & 5] 1
Q1
A student is carrying out an investigation into collisions between a
bat and a ball.
The bat is pivoted at a point P so that it can swing freely. The centre
of mass M of
the bat swings through an arc and hits the ball. M moves through a
height h as shown
below.

The ball is suspended vertically by a thread. The bat hits the ball
which swings to a
maximum height x.
One set of measurements is h = 0.030 m x = 0.10 m
(a) Show that the speed of M just before the collision is about 0.8 m
s1.(2)
(b) The student calculates the speed of the ball just after the
collision to be 1.4 m s1 .
The mass of the bat is 320 g and the ball is 55 g.
Calculate the speed of the bat just after the collision and state one
assumption you make.(4)
Speed of bat = ..............................................................
Assumption: ............................................................................................................................................
(c) Determine whether the collision was elastic or inelastic.(3)
(d) Discuss your conclusion with reference to possible uncertainties
in the measurements of x. (2)
(Total for Question 15 = 11 marks)
Q2
At the beginning of the last century, experiments were performed
using alpha particles and gold foil. The alpha particles were directed
at the gold foil and a detector was used to see if and where they
were scattered.
Summarise the results from these experiments and the conclusions
that were drawn
from them.

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 2

Q3
The photograph shows tracks in a particle detector.

(a) Explain the role of a magnetic field in a particle detector.(2)


(b) Explain how you can tell that track XY was produced by a
particle moving from
X to Y rather than from Y to X.(2)
(c) The particle that produced track XY was a +. Deduce the
direction of the magnetic field in the photograph. (1)
(ii) Explain the evidence from the photograph for the production of
the muon
neutrino at Y.
(d) At Y, the + decayed into a positively charged muon (+) and a
muon neutrino. The + has a very short range before decaying into
various particles, including a positron which produced the final
spiral.
(i) Give two reasons why you can deduce that the muon neutrino is
neutral. (2)

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 3
Q4

Q5
In a physics lesson a student learns that the Earth is 81 times more
massive than the
Moon. Searching the Internet, she is surprised to discover that the
gravitational field
strength at the surface of the Earth is only 6 times greater than that
at the surface of the Moon.
Use the above data to compare the radius of the Earth with that of
the Moon. (3)
Q6
(a) Define simple harmonic motion.
(b)The graph shows the variation in water level displacement
with time for the water in a harbour. The water level
displacement varies with simple harmonic motion.

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 4

(i) Use the graph to calculate the amplitude and the time period of
the variation in
the water level displacement.
(ii) Show that the maximum rate of change of water level
displacement is about
0.6 m hour1.

Q7
A pan attached to a spring balance is used to determine the mass of
fruit and vegetables in a supermarket.

A bunch of bananas is dropped into the pan. The pan oscillates with
an initial amplitude
of 10 cm. The total mass of bananas and pan is 0.55 kg.
The spring constant of the system is 120 N m1.
(a) Calculate the period of oscillation of the pan.(2)
(b) The oscillations of the pan are damped.
(i) Explain what is meant by this statement. (2)

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 5
(ii) Sketch a graph to show how the displacement of the damped
pan varies with
time.(3)
Q8
The radioactive isotope carbon-14 undergoes decay with a half-life
of 5730 years.
While an organism is living, it takes in carbon from the atmosphere
and the ratio of
carbon-14 to the stable isotope carbon-12 in the organism is
constant. After death the
ratio changes, as the carbon-14 continues to decay but no more
carbon is taken in. This
is the basis of radiocarbon dating.
Archaeologists have used radiocarbon dating to pinpoint the date of
construction of
Stonehenge, an ancient stone circle in south west England. The
archaeologists unearthed
dead organic material from under the stones and sent a sample of it
to Oxford University
for analysis. Scientists at the university determined that the ratio of
carbon-14 to
carbon-12 in the sample was only 60% of that found in living
organisms.
(a)
Explain what is meant by a radioactive isotope. (2)
(b) Radioactive decay is a random process. Explain what this means.
(2)
(c) Calculate the decay constant of carbon-14 and hence the time
since Stonehenge was constructed.(6)
(d) The rate of production of carbon-14 in the atmosphere has
decreased since
Stonehenge was constructed. Explain how this would affect the
scientists
calculations of when Stonehenge was constructed. (3)
Q1

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 6

Q2

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 7

Q3

Q4

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 8

Q5

Q6

REVISION
[UNIT 4 & 5] 9

Q7

REVISION 1
[UNIT 4 & 5] 0

Q8

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