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ETH
ETH Zurich DArch
FCL Singapore

Assistant Professorship of
and Territorial
Territorial Planning
Architecture and
Planning
Project 2,
2, 2014
2014

Milica
Milica Topalovic
Hans Hortig, Stefanie Krautzig
Krautzig

ARCHITECTURE
OF TERRITORY

SEA REGION

Singapore, Johor, Riau


Riau Archipelago

6%

.:|_

an

..
Is:

ARCHITECTURE
OF TERRITORY

_.

SEA REGION

__

H.

TER ITORY
ARCHITECTURE OF

ETH
Zurich DArch
ETH Zurich
DArch
FCL Singapore
Singapore

Assistant Professorship
Professorship of
of
Assistant
Architectureand Territorial
Territorial Planning
Planning
Architectureand
PROJECT 2,
2, 2014
2014

Milica Topalovic
Topalovic
Milica
Hans Hortig,
Hortig, Stefanie
Stefanie Krautzig
Krautzig
Hans

ARCHITECTURE
OF TERRITORY
SEA REGION
Singapore,
Johor, Riau
Singapore, Johor,
Riau Archipelago

Research and
Design Project
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE OF
OF TERRITORY
TERRITORY investigates
investigates
phenomena and processes of urban
urban transformation of contemporary territories. It
comprises a shift of interest from cities to
broader territorial frames and to what was
once considered as the non-urban realm or
the citys
city's constitutive
constitutive outside: the nature,
the ocean, the rural, the wild.
SEA REGION project builds on the research
of the hinterlands of contemporary cities
since 2011, where Singapore and its multiple territorial imprints have served
served as the
paradigmatic research case.
SEA REGION project on the tri-national space
of Singapore, Johor and Riau
Riau was carried out
with students from the ETH
ETH Zurich, collaborators, experts and guests.

Teaching and Research Team


Asst. Prof. Milica Topalovic, Hans Hortig,
Stefanie Krautzig
Researchers
Karoline Kostka, Magnus Nickl
ETH Student Researchers
Sarah Barras, Luca Bazelli, Benjamin Blocher,
Blocher,
Panos a Coucopoulos, Manuel Crepaz,
Alessio De Gottardi, Martino Iorno, Simone
Michel, Matthias Mller,
Muller, Anna-Katharina
Zahler

Book Colophone
Special Thanks to Experts,
Experts,
Collaborators and
and Guests
BAPPEDA BATAM
AuthorBATAM (Municipal
(Municipal Planning
Planning Authority
Wan Darussalam,
Aidil
ity of
of Batam):
Batam): Wan
Darussalam, Muhamad
Muhamad Aidil
Sahalo, Yulhendri Murbarak
UNRIKA
of the
the Riau
ArchiUNRIKA BATAM
BATAM (University
(University of
Riau Archipelago): Rahmat Kurniawan,
Kurniawan, Hendra
Hendra Susanto
UTM
UTM (University of Technology Malaysia)
FACULTY
FACULTY OF
OF BUILT
BUILT ENVIRONMENT:
ENVIRONMENT: Prof.
Prof. Ho
Ho
Siong,
Wai, Abdul
Abdul Rahim
Siong, Chau
Chau Loon Wai,
Rahim Bin
Bin Ramli,
Ramli,
Tu
Teh Bor Tsong, Goh
Goh Hong
Hong Ching, Fan
Fan Tu
MARINE
MARINE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA
En. Shah
Shah Habidin, En.
En. Nordin
Nordin
IRDA
Authority): Ms
IRDA (Urban
(Urban Redevelopment
Redevelopment Authority):
Ms
Jafaar, Mr Shafirul
Shafirul
PORT
AUTHORITY: Lim
Tian
PORT OF
OF SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE AUTHORITY:
Lim Tian
Yew, Daniel
Daniel Lim
Lim
NUS
ARCHITECTURE: Eric
G.
NUS DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF
OF ARCHITECTURE:
Eric G.
LHereux,
L'Hereux, Jrg
Jorg Rekittke
NUS
OF CIVIL
NUS DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING:
ENGINEERING:
Prof.
Prof. Vladan Babovic
NUS
NUS ASIA
ASIA RESEARCH
RESEARCH INSTITUTE:
INSTITUTE: Rita
Rita PadPadawangi
awangi
THE ISLAND
THE
ISLAND FOUNDATION:
FOUNDATION: Heena
Heena Patel
Patel
ETH
ETH ZURICH
ZURICH AND
AND FUTURE
FUTURE CITIES
CITIES LABORALABORASteTORY: Kay Axhausen, Remo Burkhard, Stephen Cairns,
Cairns, Kees Christiaanse,
Christiaanse, Rewel
Rewel Dangoy,
Dangoy,
Peter Edwards, Adrianne Joergensen,
Joergensen, Anna
Anna
Gasco, Lisa Giordano,
Giordano, Rudolf Krieg, Kevin
Kevin Lim,
Lim,
Edda Ostertag, Faizah
Sascha
Faizah Binte Othman,
Othman, Sascha
Roesler, Daniel
Daniel Sin
Sin Soo Meng, Cheryl
Song,
Roesler,
Cheryl Song,
Ursula
Ursula Suter, Amanda
Amanda Tan, Matthew Vanderploeg,
Zhou
ploeg, Ying Zhou
AND:
AND: Kersten Geers,
Geers, Markus Ng,
Ng, Lukas Pauer,
Pauer,
Bas Princen, Juria
Juria Toramae
Toramae

Five different works on


on the Sea
Sea Region
were
Region were
prepared
students and
and are
are brought
prepared by the students
together in
in this book.
book.

Editors
Milica
Topalovic, Hans Hortig,
Milica Topalovic,
Hortig,
Stefanie Krautzig
Krautzig
Graphical Revision
Graphical
Revision
Stefanie Krautzig,
Krautzig, Magnus Nickl,
Nickl,
Karoline Kostka,
Kostka,
English
English Lectorate
Joergensen, Matthew Vanderploeg
Vanderploeg
Adrienne Joergensen,
Back Cover Map
Map
of Southeast
Southeast Asian
Asian States
States (1776).
(1776). The
The
Map of
Traiphum manuscript.
Asian Art,
Art,
Traiphum
manuscript. Museum
Museum of Asian
Berlin.
Berlin.
Printing
and Binding
Printing and
Binding
Tien Wah
Wah Press,
Singapore
Tien
Press, Singapore
First Edition:
June 2015
2015
Edition: June
ISBN
978-3-906031-96-5
ISBN 978-3-906031-96-5
All rights reserved;
this publicapublicaAll
reserved; no part of this
tion may be reproduced,
stored in
tion
reproduced, stored
in aa retrieval
retrieval
system or transmitted
transmitted in
form or by any
system
in any form
means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopyphotocopymeans,
electronic, mechanical,
ing,
otherwise, without the priing, recording
recording or otherwise,
priwritten consent of the publisher.
or written
publisher.
been made to
Every effort has been
to obtain
obtain proper
and permission.
credit information
information and
permission. HowevHowever, we have used
small number of images
er,
used aa small
images
for which
been
which copyright holders could
could not been
identified. If you
identified.
you claim
claim ownership
ownership of any of
and we
we will
will
the images,
images, please let us
us know and
be happy to make aa formal
formal acknowledgeacknowledgein aa reprint of this
publication.
ment in
this publication.
2015 Architecture of Territory
www.topa|ovic.arch.ethz.ch
www.topalovic.arch.ethz.ch

p.
14
p. 14

p. 303
p.303

Sea
Sea Region
Region

Memory Archipelago
Archipelago -Living
the Sea
Sea Region
Living Heritage in
in the
Region

p.
71
p.71

Manuel Crepaz
Crepaz &
& Martino
Martino lorno
Iorno
Manuel

Metropolitan
Metropolitan Nature The Role of Nature in
in the
Trinational City
Trinational
Luca
& Matthias Mller
Luca Bazelli
Bazelli &
Muller

p. 369
p.369

Sea Urbanism
Sea
Urbanism -Toward aa Public Sea
Sea Space
Toward
Alessio De
De Gottardi
Gottardi &
& Panos
Panos Coucopoulos
Coucopoulos
Alessio

p.141
pJ41

Cultivated
Sea -
Cultivated Sea
Fishing
and Aquaculture in
Fishing and
in the
Metropolitan
Metropolitan Region
Region
Simone Michel
& Anna-Katharina
Anna-Katharina Zahler
Zahler
Simone
Michel &

p.229
p.
229

Sea
Sea Transport -Passenger Mobility
in the Sea
Region
in
Sea Region
Sarah Barras
& Benjamin
Benjamin Blocher
Blocher
Sarah
Barras &

p. 455
p.455

Sources
Sources

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SINGAPORE S'I'1_lAIT -
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KOTA TINGGI

PONTIAN

__,r

JOHOR BAHRU

Land Use
South China Sea

N
0

Johor Bahru

AL

S
AY

IN

Tanjung Langsat

DO

7.5

IA

ES

IA

Belungkor

SINGAPORE

Tanjung Pengelih
Changi
Airport

Tanjung Pelepas

al
ac
ca
St
ra

Kukup

it
Harbour
Front

MAL

AYS IA
IN D O
N ES IA
S IN G

AP O

S in

o
gap

re S

tra

it s

RE

- .L

Sekupang
i
upang
It.

I__

I"

'

s.".-if "r,-~... .-=.


!I"""' -I

KARIMUN

Nongsa

Batam
Center

BATAM

BINTAN

Tanjung Uban

Tanjung Balai

Tanjung Pinang
Kijang

15 km

Ri
au
St
ra
it s

Durian S
G
om
bo

traits

lS
tr
ai
ts

JOHOR STATE

Sea Use
South China Sea

N
0

AL

S
AY

IN

Tanjung
Tanjung
Langsat
Langsa

DO

IA

ES

IA

Belungkor

.. .'-.:.L-3'"

SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE

Tanjung Pengelih

Tanjung
Pelepas

Changi
Airport

al

Kukup

ac
ca
St
ra
it

Harbour
Front

MAL

AYS IA
IN D O
N ES IA
S IN G

AP O

S in

o
gap

re S

tra

it s

Sekupang

KARIMUN

Nongsa

RE

Batam
Batam
Center
Center

BATAM

BINTAN
Tanjung Uban

Tanjung
Balai

Tanjung Pinang

Kijang

7.5

15 km

Ri
au
St
ra
it s

Durian S
G
om
bo

traits

lS
tr
ai
ts

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

Introduction
Introduction

30
30

31
31

SIJORI Population
Population Growth
Growth 2010-2030
2010-2030
SIJORI

Urbanisation
Urbanisation Process
Process

16
16

SIJORI Region
SIJORIRegion

1s'7oo'o0o
16'700'000

15
15
14
14
13
13

"C

12
12
11
11

10
10

I.

99
88

7'790'430
:7'790'43o
Singapore
Singapore
6'300'000
6300'OOO

77

66
55

1900
1900

1i.-

22

i.

.1?

,1

Changing Demographics
Demographics 2012-2030
2012-2030
Changing

'

+224,
+2%

Johor
Johor

ll" "

75+
75+

60-4
60-4

40-4
40-4

68%

5%

100t
100t

00

100t
100t

0-4
0'4

100t
100t

00

100t
100t

_
.
_
SiJoRi Population
Population Growth
Growth
SIJORI
and
and Distribution
Distribution

GDP Comparison 2012-2030

Average Monthly Income,


Income, 2010
USD)
2010 (In
(in USD)
I1

4'000
4'ooo

-8%
_8%

Singapore
Singapore

3'993
3'993

60-4
60-4

3'500
3500

1/7
1/7

2'ooo
2'000

1'615
1'615

1500
1'500

21%

9%

66%

74%

13%

< :3
I
- :5W645
0-14
15-64
65 ++
04

250
2'500
1/20
1/20

4o_4
40-4

+12%
+12%

3'000
3000

100tt
100

00

100tt
100

+3%
+3%

Riau
Riau

75+
75+

20-4
20-4

_4
O0-4

100tt
100

00

100t
100
t

30%

10%

0-14 15-64
15-64E
65 +
0-14
55+
70%

2011
2011

20%

1990
1990

20-4
20-4

+5%
1.5%

21%

-7%
-7%

32%

.-:',.

C,

'

,.

Si
Si

Jo
Jo

Ri
Ri

38%

$
f F 1-.

18%

..-F .

_'r

2011 2020
2020 2030
2030
1901 1911
1911 1921
1921 1931
1931 1941
1941 1951
1951 1961
1961 1971
1971 1931
1981 1991
1991 2001
2001 2011
1901

61%

-1-.

'

1821
1821

:-

pa.-

1'136'730
1135-730

2030

.'

Batam
Batam

1'47o'ooo
1'470'000 _.;.

11
00

-4.1-

1.

Johor Bahru
JohorBahru
5'300'000
5300'000
5'100'000
5'1oo'ooo

33

'

'

44

1950
1950

-5

5'183'700
5'1a3'7oo

75+
75+
60-4

1'o00
1'000

40-4

GDP per
Capita
DeFCaDita

56.998
55-998 USD

9.997 USD

0
0

E
:

Johor

Malaysia
Singapore Batam
Batam Indonesia
Malaysia Singapore
Indonesia

_5%
-5%

20-4

+3%
:3%

0-14
0-14 15-54
15-64 55+
65 +

2010

6.557
6-557 USD

2%

49.4
Billion USD
USD
49.4 Billion

0-4

5%

Johor

370.4 Billion
Billion USD
USD
370.4

71%

Singapore

18.2 Billion
Billion USD
USD
18.2

333
333
68%

Kepri

500

met
100t

00

1oot
100t

1oot
100t

o
0

1oot
100t

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

Introduction
Introduction

32
32

33
33

fl \,./i 6

.'

.
_,o

_.,

..._

..

. _ , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

...

H.,

_ .-

. ,_

In
cultures, the
the sea
sea used
to be
seen and
and imagined
as the
the
In maritime cultures,
used to
be seen
imagined as
land:
the source
source of livelihood,
the space
space of everyday
everyday life
and connecconnecland: the
livelihood, the
life and
among people and
and settlements,
settlements, which
which all
all gravitate
gravitate toward
toward itit as
as
tions among
centre. Archipelagic
Archipelagic civilizations,
civilizations, such
such as
as the
the Malay world
world along
along
the centre.
and the
the Straits of Singapore,
Singapore, have
for centuries
centuries
the Straits of Malacca
Malacca and
have for
created their cultures around
around the
the sea,
sea, which
which offered
offered conditions
conditions for
for exexcreated
goods and
and ideas.
continuous coming
coming and
and
change of peoples,
peoples, goods
ideas. Life
Life of continuous
going between
and sea,
sea, gave rise
to the
the perception
the world
world
going
between land
land and
rise to
perception of the
and water.
water.
as the space of continuity between
between land
land and

'.

Johor Bahru
Bahru
Malaysia
Malaysia

twentieth century,
century, the
the territories
territories and
and cultures
cultures of
of the
the
Since the mid
mid twentieth

Singapore: 22.5 x 41.8


41.8 km
Singapore:
km
Island
Tri-National-Region
Island in
in a Tri-National-Region

25 km

5 km

Karimun
Island
KarimunIs|and
Indonesia
4
0

50 km

'-_
'.

Bintan Island
Indonesia

..

'.

and the surrounding


surrounding archipelago
archipelago have
Straits of Singapore and
have become
become
more fragmented
fragmented and
and separated.
separated. The
The emergence
emergence of three
three nation
nation
Singapores independence
in 1965
1965 led
to the
the
states in
in the region
region after Singapore's
independence in
led to
gradual solidification
solidification of the
the maritime
along the
the Straits,
Straits, and
and
gradual
maritime borders
borders along
disruption of free
free movement of people
across the
the formerly
formerly open
open
the disruption
people across
sea.
sea.

Batam
Batam Island
Island
Indonesia
Indonesia

Rempang Island
Indonesia

In
demands on
on the
the
In parallel,
parallel, new technologies have
have placed
placed increasing
increasing demands
maritime space
space as
as the crucial
crucial space
space for logistics,
trade and
and economic
economic
logistics, trade
globalization,
globalization, further contributing
contributing to
to the
the complete
complete change
change of
of nature
nature
societal interaction
with the
the sea.
sea. The
The 1960s container
container revolution
revolution
of societal
interaction with
global shipping
shipping industry,
industry, and
and increased
increased the
the need
gave boost to the global
need
for control
In the
control of the growing
growing cargo traffic.
traffic. In
the words
words of artist
artist Allan
Allan
Sekula, "What began
the mid-1950s as aa most
American improveimproveSekula,
began in
in the
most American
ment in
taken on
on world-historic
world-historic importance.
importance.
in cargo logistics,
logistics, has now taken
cargo containera
containera standardized
standardized metal
transferred
The cargo
metal box,
box, easily transferred
from
from ship
ship to truck to
to trainhas
trainhas radically transformed
transformed the
the space
space and
and
and ocean
ocean passages.
Today, over
over ninety
percent
time of port cities and
passages. ...Today,
ninety percent
sea. Without
Without aa revolution
in ocean-goocean-goof the world's cargo moves
moves by sea.
revolution in
ing cargo-handling
not exist,
ing
cargo-handling technology,
technology, the global
global factory
factory would
would not
exist, nor
nor
globalization itself."
itself."
the phenomenon
phenomenon of globalization

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

34

Concomitant to the processes of nation


forming and
nation forming
and economic globalization transforming
transforming the maritime space, urbanization
urbanization processes
have unfolded in the region. Though
Though Singapore was created
created as an
an
island city-state, since the 1990s it has also come to represent the
densely populated core and the economical
focal point of aa larger
economical focal
urban territory that stretches across the Straits of Singapore and
and the
Straits of Johor into the Indonesian Riau
and peninsular
Riau Archipelago and
Malaysia. In the 1970s, Singapores
Singapore's economy began
began to expand
expand and
and incorporate productive hinterlands outside the national
national boundary. As a
a
result, Johor Bahru and
fast-growing industrial
each
and Batam, two fast-growing
industrial cities each
now nearing
nearing one and
and a half million
million inhabitants,
inhabitants, have emerged
emerged north
north
and south of Singapore. The three cities, set together in
in an
an archipelago-shaped constellation of land, water and
and built fabric around
around the
Straits, now de-facto form
form a
a cross-border metropolis and
and a
a metropolitan region of around eight million inhabitants.
In contrast to the booming cities, the more distant fringes of the metropolitan region are still
still relatively removed
removed from
from urban
urban development
and the arrival
arrival of industries. Especially the quiet, hard-to-reach
hard-to-reach archipelago of small islands resists urbanizationfishing
urbanizationfishing communities are
along the shoreline.
shoreline. Though
still found here in kampong on stilts along
Though the
during the twentilife of local communities has changed significantly during
eth century through government intervention, a
a couple of remaining
remaining
groups of sea nomads Orang
found in
Orang Suku
Suku Laut, are still
still found
in the quieter
waters to the south and
and east of Batam
Batam and
and Bintan
Bintan islands.
islands. These territories can now be understood
understood as rural
rural fallow lands,
lands, undergoing
undergoing slow
erosion and the loss of population to towns and
and cities.
cities.

Introduction
Introduction

35
35

The Sea
Sea Region
Region project portrays this maritime
maritime metropolitan
metropolitan region
region
by placing
on the sea,
sea, the ways
ways the
the sea
sea has
influenced urban
urban
placing focus on
has influenced
transformation, and
and was
was itself transformed
transformed in
the process.
Taking the
the
transformation,
in the
process. Taking
view, the project unravels aa few distinct
distinct lines
the reresea-centric view,
lines of the
and urban
transformation.
gions urban
urban history and
urban transformation.
transformation process we explored
explored has
the increasincreasThe first transformation
has been
been the
ing
fragmentation and
and sharpening
sharpening of differences
differences in
in the
the archipe|agos
archipelagos
ing fragmentation
urban
geography, owing
owing to
to the
the national
and the
the formation
formation of
urban geography,
national borders
borders and
territories, but also
also to
to the
the inexorable
inexorable and
and still
still ongoongowider borderzone territories,
ing
consumption of coastal
coastal areas for the
the purposes
of industry
industry and
and
ing consumption
purposes of
logistics.
logistics.
Central
to this
this process,
Singapores port
operations increasingly
increasingly efefCentral to
process, Singapore's
port operations
ficient, automated,
automated, but still
still dependent on
on ever-larger spaces
spaces and
and ininficient,
frastructuresgradually moved
out of the
the inner
inner city.
city. This
This was
was also
also the
the
frastructuresgradua||y
moved out
move of an
an increasing
autonomy: from
from the
the port
as aa vivid
vivid mixing
of
increasing autonomy:
port as
mixing of
people and
and goods on
on the
the waterfront
waterfront earlier in
the twentieth
twentieth century,
century,
in the
toward the port as an
an isolated
and secured
secured urban
urban entity
entity toward
toward its
its
toward
isolated and
end. Together with
with the highly efficient port
terminals, the
the Strait
Strait of SinSinend.
port terminals,
and instrumentalized
gapore became aa thoroughly planned,
planned, managed
managed and
instrumentalized
urban
surface, with
with corridors
corridors for movement,
zones for
for anchorage
anchorage and
and
urban surface,
movement, zones
The combined
combined effects
effects of water-dependant
water-dependant
other restricted
restricted purposes.
purposes. The
urban
shipping, petrochemical
industries as
as well
well
urban functions including
including shipping,
petrochemical industries
and installations
security, appear
appear as
as
as elaborate programs
programs and
installations of military
military security,
forces exerting
exerting physical
on the
the littoral
zone, and
and sculpting,
sculpting,
forces
physical pressure on
littoral zone,
through
land reclamation
reclamation and
through land
and dredging,
dredging, the
the coastal
coastal topography
topography to
to its
its
needs.
needs.

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

36
36

The second transformation


transformation process that occupied
occupied our attention
attention has
been a move over time from
and settlefrom archipelagic culture of life and
ment organization in the region, to the land-based
land-based logic of urban
urban development.
While for traditional archipelago cultures, the sea
sea has been intimately
connected to all aspects of everyday life, and
and provided
provided the blueprint
for settlement disposition along
along the coasts, the effect of urbanization
urbanization
in this region went in the opposite direction, creating
an increasing
creating an
increasing
disconnection of cities and
and urban
urban life from the sea.
Paradoxically, over the course of a
a century, the daily life of Singapore
become removed from the port and protected
from the sea; with
with
protected from
Batam and Johor following
following a
a similar path.
path. Cast back inland, behind
behind reclaimed lands and heavy infrastructures, the centres of all
all three cities
in the region are withdrawn from
from the coast.
coast.
Finally, we committed
committed ourselves to understanding
understanding the changing
changing perceptions of the sea. While gradually loosing
loosing purpose as a
a space of
free movement of people, and
and absorbing
absorbing the functions of security,
security, inindustrial activity, and the all-important cargo shipping, the sea
sea has become an urban frontier and
and imaginaand the frontier of public interest and
Michael Taussig, and the Singaporean
Singaporean writer
tion. The anthropologist Michael
noted that the disappearance of the maritime is aa global
David Teh noted
global
phenomenon. In the words of Taussig, "The conduct of life today is
completely and utterly dependent on
on the sea and
and the ships it bears,
bears,
yet nothing is more invisible. The sea is reduced
reduced to the
the beach,
beach, a
a fantasy.
The Sea Region project proposes a common
vision for the crosscommon vision
border metropolis centred on the sea. For the time being,
being, approaches
to transnational urbanism and urban planning
planning of the metropolitan
metropolitan reand Riau Archipelago are not sufficiently disgion of Singapore, Johor and
cussed. The region is still
still divergent in
in terms of governance,
governance, despite
the high degree of economical synchronization
synchronization promoted
promoted here since

Introduction
Introduction

37
37

1980s through
through experimentation
experimentation with
with the
the Growth
Growth Triangle
Triangle
the late 1980s
model
among the three constituent parts
in the
the metrometromodel of exchange among
parts in
politan
constellationand despite
despite the
the shared
shared maritime
culture and
and
politan conste||ationand
maritime culture
history.
was thus not aa surprise
surprise to
to us
the articulations
articulations of comcomhistory. It was
us that the
mon
form of urban
visions and
and cross-border
cross-border institutional
institutional
mon interests in
in form
urban visions
alignments that would
would allow for joint
joint steering
steering of urbanization
processurbanization processes, are presently all
all lacking,
and urgently need
to be
be developed.
developed.
es,
lacking, and
need to
departed from
from the
the standpoint
standpoint that
that the
the
The Sea
Sea Region
Region project has departed
urbanisation
the sea
sea and
and the
the coastal
coastal areas
areas is
is patently the
the central
central
urbanisation of the
the cross-border
cross-border metropolitan
growth.
element of the problematic of the
metropolitan growth.
with the sea
sea is
is crucial
crucial not only for the
the ports
and the
the
The relationship
relationship with
ports and
shipping, but for the
the three
three cities,
cities, their
their quality of
of life
and their
their contact
contact
shipping,
life and
with environment.
environment. Yet,
Yet, the theme of urbanisation
of the
the sea
sea and
and the
the
with
urbanisation of
coastal areas
areas is still
still apparently understudied,
it has
yet arrived
arrived in
in
coastal
understudied, it
has not
not yet
urban
debates. Exceptions
and examples
examples of
of changing
changing
urban planning
planning policy debates.
Exceptions and
found among
among cultural
cultural institutions
institutions and
and artists
artists in
in SingaSingaawareness are found
pore,
such as Charles
Charles Lim
and Zai
Zai Kunning,
who are
are recollecting
and
pore, such
Lim and
Kunning, who
recollecting and
reconstructing
sea and
and archipelago
archipelago culture
culture for the
the public.
reconstructing the sea
public.
Sea Region
vision for aa unified
The Sea
Region project is
is essentially aa vision
unified maritime
maritime
space, which
which enables
enables new connections among
among Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and
space,
the Riau
Riau Archipelago,
between the
Archipelago, and
and connections between
the individual
individual cities
cities
in the region
region with
in
with the sea.
sea. Through
Through the
the design
design of new cross-border
cross-border
territories and
and territorial
territorial structures,
structures, the
the project
gives new contours
contours to
to
territories
project gives
To do
do this,
this, the
the project
creates aa common
common prothe regions
region's identity.
identity. To
project creates
program for such
such sea-centered
sea-centered metropolitan
urbanism, consisting
consisting of the
the
gram
metropolitan urbanism,
following
research and
following research
and design
design themes:
themes: 1marine
1marine and
and the
the coastal
coastal nana2metropolitan fishery
fishery and
and aquaculture;
aquaculture; 3pub|ic
3public
ture protection;
protection; 2metropo|itan
sea transport;
transport; 4heritage
4heritage protection
of traditional
traditional sea
sea cultures
cultures in
in the
the
sea
protection of
region, and
region,
and 5the rediscovery of the sea
sea and
and the
the coasts
coasts as
as collective
collective
and public spaces.
spaces.
and
The project further proposes
proposes aa series of concepts
concepts and
and interpretations
interpretations

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

38

of the current territorial developments in


and finally,
finally, it puts
in the region, and
forward
and
forward five regional
regional metropolitan planslarge
p|ans|arge scale strategic and
design approaches to the cross-border metropolitan archipelago.
archipelago.
In this way, the Sea Region reframes the regional
regional territory and
and places
the sea back in its centre. Instead
Instead of being
being seen as separate entities,
entities,
Singapore, Johor and
and Riau the Archipelago can
can be seen
seen as parts arranged around a common maritime space. In
In the words of Rafi
Rafi Segal,
who observed
observed the similar role of the Mediterranean, the Straits can
can be
seen as a
a single common element that holds everything
everything around
around it in
in
place, as a figure shaped by its unifying
unifying role.
role.
As the metropolitan region and the three cities continue to grow,
grow, the
movement from the national
national to the cross-border logics of organization of territory, and from
from the hard
hard borders and
and borderzones to the
porous ones, will
transform
will be inevitable.
inevitable. With
With it, the sea space will
will transform
once again from its recently acquired
acquired homogeneous, industrial
industrial character, to become more diverse and
and the
and interwoven
interwoven into the urban
urban and
public.
Our work in the region of Singapore, Johor and
and Riau
Riau Archipelago was
linked together with
teaching and
with teaching
and intensive fieldwork in
in the format
of design research studios and master thesis projects.
projects. During
During the
autumn of 2014, the prelude to Sea Region was a
a five-day seaborne
expedition. With ten students of ETH
ETH Zurich and
and many local
local collaborators and friends, we traversed
traversed the fragmented
fragmented and
separated waters
and separated
around the Straits in order to look at the cities and
from
and the region
region from
the sea. Moving
Moving by boat among
among the three countries and
and cities,
cities, we exunifying effect of the sea, the single panorama
panorama of the
perienced the unifying
and beauty.
beauty. The students worked
in
maritime region, in its complexity and
worked in
groups of two and
and the studio resulted
resulted in one collective work, the Sea
Sea
Region metropolitan plan.
urbanized
The Singapore Strait, one of the world's
worlds most intensely urbanized
seas, has always been the lifeline of the region. The project wants to

Introduction
Introduction

39
39

return
the extraordinary sea
sea of the Strait
Strait into
into the
the centre
centre of public
disreturn the
public disand imagination
about the regions
future.
course and
imagination about
region's future.
TerritoryDesigning an
an Urban
Sea
Architecture of TerritoryDesigning
Urban Sea
The view on
on the
the sea
sea as
as an
an urban
territory opened
opened for
for us
us as
as soon
soon as
as we
we
The
urban territory
encountered the extraordinary maritime
the Singapore
Singapore
encountered
maritime urbanism
urbanism of the
Straits, four years ago.
ago. It seemed
seemed that
that the
the major shipping
shipping route
surStraits,
route surrounded
three cities,
cities, could
could become
case of
of the
the
rounded by three
become aa paradigmatic
paradigmatic case
urban sea:
sea: an
an urbanized
centered on
on and
and determined
determined by
by
urban
urbanized territory centered
sea and
and the
the maritime activity,
activity, and
and aa territory
territory whose
whose description
description
the sea
necessitates aa departure from
from the
the conventional
conventional land-based
approach
land-based approach
to urbanism.
urbanism.
Assistant Professorship
The Architecture of Territory (the ETH
ETH DARCH
DARCH Assistant
Professorship
Architecture and
and Territorial
Territorial Planning)
just been
initiated at
at that
that
of Architecture
Planning) had
had just
been initiated
time, with
with the purpose
to test
test the possibilities
architects engageengagetime,
purpose to
possibilities of architects
ment with
with urban
territories as
as themes
themes of research
and design.
design. This
This
urban territories
research and
the 20th
20th century,
century, urbanization
was not aa coincidencethroughout the
urbanization
processes have
continued to
to challenge
challenge the
the disciplines
disciplines of architecture
architecture
have continued
and urbanism
to expand
expand their concepts
concepts and
and approaches
approaches beyond
beyond the
the
and
urbanism to
conventional frames,
frames, focused
focused on
on cities
cities and
and urban
urban agglomerations.
agglomerations.
conventional
At present,
present, even
landscapes are
pulled into
even remote spaces and
and landscapes
are pulled
into the
the
vortex of urbanization;
urbanization; the
urban has
has become
become the
universal condition.
the urban
the universal
condition.
During its history as aa discipline,
has gradually encomDuring
discipline, architecture
architecture has
encompassed
design and
and construction,
construction, urban
design and
and urban
urban
passed building
building design
urban design
planning,
spatial scales
scales over
over time.
time. A
A rescaling
rescaling of
of
planning, incorporating
incorporating larger spatial
architectural practices into larger territorial
territorial dimensions
dimensions appears
appears esesarchitectural
sential once
once again,
again, corresponding
corresponding to
to the
the increasing
increasing scales
scales and
and comcomsential
urbanization.
plexities of urbanization.
Following this line of thought,
has started
Following
thought, the
the Architecture
Architecture of Territory has
started
the areas
areas of concentrated
concentrated urbanization
that comcomto look beyond
beyond the
urbanization that
urban agglomerations,
prise various forms
forms of contemporary urban
agglomerations, and
and to
to
investigate urban
urban transformation
processes characteristic
investigate
transformation processes
characteristic of the
the field
field
extended urbanization.
of extended
urbanization.

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

40
40

This comprises a shift of interest from cities


traditional sense
cities in
in the traditional
to broader territorial
territorial frames, and
and to what was once considered
considered the
non-urban realm or the citys
city's "constitutive outside":
outside": the city's hinterlands, rural"
rura|" countrysides and "nature", jungles, deserts and
and seas and
and
oceans.
Within architecture, urbanism and
and the related
related fields of urban
urban studies,
studies,
the research on urbanisation
urbanisation of the sea
sea has been receiving
receiving increasing interest and importance. For example, several
several recent projects and
and
authors have tried to learn from
from the geopolitical
geopolitical and
and urban
urban processes
that increasingly divide the Mediterranean
Mediterranean basin, and
and lead
lead to the loss
of the seas inherent role as mediator among
among peoples and
and cultures inhabiting its shores (Stefano Boeri and
and Rafi
and Multiplicity in
in Solid
Solid Sea
Sea and
Rafi
Segal et al. in Seaborne Cities). EPFL Laba studio led
led by Harry Gugger
has examined the Barents and the Baltic seas as subjects of urban
urban
design. The Marine Spatial Planning Initiative has been set up by the
UNESCO in order to help countries in ecosystem-based
ecosystem-based management
of marine environments, by finding
finding space for biodiversity conservation alongside economic development. Neil
and Christian
Neil Brenner and
Christian
Schmid of the ETH Zurich and Harvard
Harvard GSD Urban Theory Lab have
been spearheading
spearheading crucial
crucial theoretical
theoretical developments for research
research and
and
urbanisation.
design work on territories of extended urbanisation.
and urbanists approach
approach
The benefits and opportunities of architects and
to territories of urbanization
urbanization are many.
many. The major advantage is the
possibility to recapture the problematic of territorial
territorial development
from being almost purely technical
technical and administrative domains they
are now. Territoriesincluding
Territoriesinc|uding the seaneed
seaneed to be recovered
recovered also in
in
their political, social, cultural and historical dimensions.
dimensions. For that synthesis of multidisciplinary approaches to territory, the work of architects and urbanists will be crucial.

Introduction
Introduction

41
41

Sultan Iskandar
Iskandar
Sultan
Lake Park
Park
Lake

Metropolitan Parks
Parks
Metropolitan
Urban parks
parks
2 Urban
Lake parks
parks
2 Lake
Great outdoors
outdoors
2 Great
Second coastline
coastline
K Second
NN
O0

Johor Strait
Johorstrait
Coastline Park
Coastlineinrk

Pulau Ubin
Nature Park

Johor River
River
Johor
National Park
Park
National

Central Catchment
Catchment
Central
Lake Park
Lake

'l

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hor National Park
Ramsar Conservation Park
R isar

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Southern Islands
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Urban Fishing
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fish production
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K Urban
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recreation
and
Integration of
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into
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urban
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sea culture
culture
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x\'\___
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Jurong

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55

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10km

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Network
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Increased
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x
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Railway

Main
Main road
road network
network
Fast ferries
ferries
Fast
international and
and
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interregional
interregional
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connections
Sea Transport
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2 Sea
alternative: Crossing
Crossing
alternative:
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Johor Strait
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the
Connecting centres
centres
: Connecting
and peripheries
peripheries
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Sea transport
transport as
as urban
urban
- Sea
experience:
experience:
Hop-on-hop-off
Hop-on-hop-off
Primary Hub
Hub
Primary
Secondary Terminal
Terminal
O Secondary
Tertiary terminal
terminal
0 Tertiary
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MRT coastal
coastal station
station
0 MRT
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station
Informal terminals
terminals in
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0 Informal
kampungs
kampungs
Jetty
9 Jetty
NN
00

55

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Riau Archipelago
Archipelago
Riau
Heritage Park
Park
Heritage

'

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natural
2 Protected
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heritage zone
zone
Highly protected
protected
- Highly
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zone
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Protected fishing
fishing
2 Protected
grounds
grounds
Highly protected
protected
2 Highly
fishing grounds
grounds
fishing
Protected area
area of
of
2 Protected
living heritage
heritage
living
Kampungs within
within the
the
2 Kampungs
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kampungs in
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region
the
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2 Culture
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K Leisure
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K Protected
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K Research
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K Free
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Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

52
52

Introduction
Introduction

53
53

Sea Region
The phenomenon of maritime borders in the region is historically new - in the formerly open sea of the Singapore
Straits the national borders gradually took effect after Singapores
gapore's independence in 1965. The combined demands
of industry, logistics, and trade have further contributed to
the formalization of borders and fragmentation of the regional space. In the 1960s, the container
container revolution gave
boost to the global shipping industry and led
led to the need
for control of the growing cargo traffic, which changed
the character of the Straits irreversibly. As a result, the sea
as the space of everyday life and movement among Singapore, Johor, and Riau Archipelago is severely parcelled.
The three cities now develop in an independent manner;
the coasts in the region are occupied by port terminals,
terminals,
industrial facilities, security installations and gated estates;

withdrawn from
from the coast.
coast. The sea
sea
the urban centres are withdrawn
has become an urban
and the frontier of public inurban frontier and
terest and
and imagination.

vision of aa unified
The Sea
Sea Region
Region wants to propose aa vision
unified
maritime space,
designing connections among
among the three
space, by designing
cities, and connections between
and the sea.
sea. To
between the cities and
do this,
this, the project will
will start by reframing
reframing the regional
regional territory and
and placing
centre. Through
Through the design
design
placing the sea back in its centre.
of new cross-border territories and
and territorial
territorial structures,
structures, the
project will
will give new contours to the regions
region's identity.
identity.

The opportunities for cross-border metropolitan
metropolitan thinking
sea were explored
explored through
through the
ing on the relation
relation to the sea
and aquaculture,
aquaculture, public
topics of nature protection,
protection, fishery and
sea transport, cultural
cultural heritage of the archipelago and
and the
coastlines and
and sea as public space.
space.

E-}..r
Nature
Park -Nature Park
As Cross-Border Logic
Logic in
in
As
the Trinational
Trinational Metropolis
Metropolis
the
Between
1854 and
and 1869,
1869, the
the British
British explorer
explorer
Between 1854
and naturalist
Alfred Wallace
Wallace created
created an
an exexand
naturalist Alfred
traordinary journal
journal of
of natural
wealth of
of the
the
traordinary
natural wealth
region,
The Malay
Malay Archipelago.
Archipelago. Upon
Upon his
his visit
visit
region, The
to the
the island
island of Singapore,
Singapore, he
he wrote
wrote of the
the
to
most luxuriant
luxuriant vegetation,
vegetation, gambler
gambier plantaplantamost
tions and
and forests
forests with
with free
free roaming
roaming tigers,
tigers,
tions
and of 700
700 species
species of
of beetles
beetles he
he had
had collectcollectand
ed there.
there. He
He praised
the favourable
favourable condicondied
praised the
tions of climate
climate and
and soil
soil on
on this
this spot,
spot, deemdeemtions
ing it
productive beyond
beyond any other
other he
he had
had
ing
it productive
visited
visited in
in his
his travels
travels in
in the
the East.
East.
But already during
But
during the
the XIX
XIX century,
century, after
after
the port
port settlement
settlement had
had been
been established
established in
in
the
1819, the
the urban
urban transformation
transformation the
the island
island was
was
1819,
far
far reaching.
reaching. Agriculture,
Agriculture, the
the building
building of
of
roads,
railways and
and buildings
buildings led
led to
to the
the cutcutroads, railways
ting down
down of
of jungles,
jungles, drying
drying of
of swamps
swamps and
and
ting
disappearance
disappearance of
of coastal
coastal mangrove
mangrove forests.
forests.
During the
During
the XX
XX century,
century, the
the effects
effects on
on the
the
physical environment
physical
environment of
of urbanization
urbanization and
and
industrialization intensified.
intensified. The
The post-indepost-indeindustrialization
pendence development
pendence
development agenda
agenda during
during the
the
1960s,
1960s, 70s
70s and
and 80s
80s emphasised
emphasised on
on SingaSingapores
economic autonomy from
from Malaysia,
Malaysia,
pores economic
brushing other
brushing
other concerns
concerns aside.
aside. Bedok,
Bedok, East
East
Coast
Coast and
and Jurong
Jurong areas
areas were
were among
among the
the first
first
to
to undergo
undergo aa complete
complete transformation
transformation of
of
the
the physical
physical setting,
setting, the
the cutting
cutting of
of hills
hills and
and
filling
filling of
of the
the coastline.
coastline. Until
Until today,
today, the
the land
land
reclamation has
reclamation
has added
added around
around 25
25 percent
percent to
to
Singapore's
Singapores land
land area,
area, replacing
replacing much
much of
of the
the
old
old coastline
coastline with
with aa new
new artificial
artificial interface
interface
between land
between
land and
and sea.
sea.
The
The 1980s
1980s brought
brought regionalisation
regionalisation of
of
economic
economic processes,
processes, with
with manufacturing,
manufacturing,
electronic
electronic industries
industries and
and agriculture
agriculture leading
leading
the
the migration
migration from
from Singapore
Singapore to
to Riau
Riau and
and
Johor.
processes were
Johor. These
These processes
were helped
helped by
by indeinde-

pendent initiatives
initiatives by
by Malaysian
Malaysian and
and IndoneIndonependent
sian governments
governments to
to industrialize,
industrialize, including
including
sian
the massive
massive palm
palm oil
oil production,
production, and
and the
the dedethe
velopment of
of petrochemical
petrochemical facilities
facilities (such
(such
velopment
as Pasir
Pasir Gudang)
Gudang) for
for processing,
processing, storing
storing and
and
as
trade of
of oil
oil along
along the
the Straits
Straits of
of Singapore
Singapore
trade
and the
the Straits
Straits of
of Johor.
Johor. As
As aa consequence
consequence
and
of the
the high
high paced
paced growth
growth of
of cities
cities in
in the
the last
last
of
three decades,
decades, much
much of
of the
the trinational
trinational rerethree
gion has
has experienced
experienced the
the same
same pressures
pressures
gion
on
on nature.
nature. Huge
Huge reclamation
reclamation projects
projects are
are
today equally
equally characteristic
characteristic of
of the
the coastcoasttoday
lines of
of Singapore,
Singapore, Batam
Batam Islands
Islands and
and Johor
Johor
lines
Bahru. ItIt is
is estimated
estimated that
that in
in Singapore,
Singapore, 99
99
Bahru.
percent of
of all
all original
original mangrove
mangrove forest
forest has
has
percent
been extinct,
extinct, while
while the
the Johor
Johor State
State has
has expeexpebeen
rienced the
the highest
highest mangrove
mangrove losses
losses in
in MaMarienced
laysia,
laysia, with
with 42
42 percent
percent reduction
reduction since
since the
the
1970s. The
The impact
impact on
on marine
marine ecosystems
ecosystems of
of
1970s.
the shipping
shipping movements,
movements, dredging,
dredging, reclareclathe
mation
mation and
and the
the spilling
spilling of
of chemical
chemical material
material
is
is high
high throughout
throughout the
the region.
region. In
In Singapore
Singapore
alone, more
more than
than 80
80 percent
percent of
of the
the territoterritoalone,
rial
rial waters
waters are
are used
used for
for the
the activities
activities of
of the
the
port,
port, corresponding
corresponding to
to large
large reduction
reduction of
of
coral
coral and
and other
other habitats.
habitats. The
The absence
absence of
of
freshwater sources
sources in
in Singapore
Singapore and
and Riau
Riau
freshwater
led
led to
to the
the building
building of
of reservoirs,
reservoirs, starting
starting with
with
MacRitchie
MacRitchie Reservoir
Reservoir in
in 1867.
1867. The
The damming
damming
of river
river mouths
mouths along
along the
the coasts
coasts to
to collect
collect
of
fresh
fresh water
water has
has changed
changed most
most of
of the
the former
former
brackish
brackish streams.
streams.
Looking
Looking at
at the
the sites
sites and
and practices
practices of
of
nature
nature protection
protection in
in Singapore,
Singapore, Batam
Batam and
and
Johor,
Johor, itit is
is first
first apparent
apparent that,
that, in
in the
the region
region
focused
focused on
on the
the sea,
sea, the
the coastal
coastal areas
areas have
have
been
been especially
especially sensitive
sensitive to
to change.
change. In
In the
the
port
port cities,
cities, the
the access
access to
to the
the sea
sea has
has been
been
crucial
crucial for
for much
much of
of the
the logistics,
logistics, industries
industries
and
and even
even the
the military;
military; through
through real
real estate
estate
and
and tourism
tourism the
the coast
coast has
has become
become aa comcommodity
modity too.
too. At
At the
the same
same time,
time, the
the costal
costal

areas are
are also
also the
the places
places of
of the
the richest
richest biobioareas
diversity, of
of concentration
concentration of
of traditional
traditional setsetdiversity,
tlements, culture
culture and
and economy,
economy, thus
thus also
also the
the
tlements,
areas where
where most
most valuable
valuable heritage
heritage sites
sites can
can
areas
be found.
found.
be
ItIt is
is further
further apparent
apparent that
that so
so far
far economeconomic development
development agenda
agenda had
had dominant
dominant role
role
ic
over nature
nature or
or any
any other
other possible
possible agenda
agenda
over
in guiding
guiding urban
urban growth.
growth. Instead,
Instead, nature
nature
in
reemerged in
in region
region as
as the
the byproduct
byproduct of
of ururreemerged
ban development.
development. The
The state
state institutions
institutions in
in
ban
Singapore have
have promoted
promoted parks
parks and
and greengreenSingapore
ery with
with human-centered,
human-centered, utilitarian
utilitarian and
and
ery
economic function.
function. Nature
Nature was
was coupled
coupled with
with
economic
other urban
urban functions,
functions, such
such as
as land
land reservareservaother
tion and
and military
military zones
zones in
in Changi,
Changi, Kranji
Kranji and
and
tion
the Southern
Southern Islands,
Islands, or
or source
source protection
protection
the
in Bukit
Bukit Timah.
Timah. The
The tendency
tendency that
that emphaemphain
sizes on
on environmental
environmental management
management and
and
sizes
engineering solutions
solutions to
to ecological
ecological and
and enenengineering
vironmental conflicts
conflicts in
in the
the growing
growing city
city has
has
vironmental
prevailed. An
An important
important part
part of
of incorporation
incorporation
prevailed.
of nature
nature into
into the
the urban
urban development
development has
has
of
been the
the practice
practice of
of greening
greening Singapore,
Singapore,
been
focused on
on urban
urban and
and aesthetic
aesthetic function
function
focused
of greenery
greenery for
for the
the city
city dweller.
dweller. This
This served
served
of
urban branding
branding purposes
purposes as
as well,
well, promotpromoturban
ing Singapore
Singapore as
as garden
garden city,
city, the
the city
city in
in
ing
the garden
garden and
and even
even the
the greenest
greenest city
city on
on
the
Earth.
Earth.
Thought
Thought Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and Batam
Batam
form aa cross
cross border
border metropolitan
metropolitan area,
area, they
they
form
are also
also three
three cities
cities in
in different
different stages
stages of
of dedeare
velopment, and
and with
with differing
differing conceptions
conceptions
velopment,
and mechanisms
mechanisms of
of nature
nature protection.
protection. For
For
and
example,
example, the
the Iskandar
Iskandar planning
planning authorities
authorities
have given
given high
high attention
attention to
to the
the coastline
coastline of
of
have
Southern Johor
Johor in
in their
their plans,
plans, but
but they
they might
might
Southern
not be
be able
able to
to implement
implement them.
them. In
In the
the Riau
Riau
not
Archipelago,
Archipelago, the
the plans
plans and
and mechanisms
mechanisms of
of
nature protection
protection are
are still
still weakly
weakly developed.
developed.
nature
In all
all three
three cities,
cities, growing
growing concerns
concerns over
over role
role
In
and
and place
place of
of nature
nature are
are increasingly
increasingly evident.
evident.

The
The goal
goal of
of the
the project
project is
is to
to explore
explore aa

common vision
vision for
for nature
nature protection
protection in
in the
the
common

trinational
trinational region,
region, and
and to
to provide
provide arguments
arguments
for
for nature
nature areas
areas as
as productive
productive areas
areas that
that
can substantially
substantially raise
raise appeal
appeal and
and value
value of
of
can
living,
living, work
work and
and leisure
leisure in
in the
the cross-border
cross-border
metropolis.
metropolis. The
The project
project will
will emphasize
emphasize on
on
the
the dimensions
dimensions of
of nature
nature protection
protection so
so far
far
missing
missing in
in the
the region:
region: itit will
will explore
explore the
the opopportunities
portunities for
for cross-border
cross-border nature
nature protecprotection;
tion; itit will
will emphasize
emphasize the
the protection
protection of
of biobiodiversity
diversity in
in nature
nature areas
areas in
in addition
addition to
to their
their
urban
urban benefits;
benefits; itit will
will also
also consider
consider nature
nature as
as
form
form of
of heritage.
heritage.

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

54

Introduction
Introduction

55
55

moval
and water pollution.
moval of mangroves and
pollution.
Traditional fishing
fishing communities are still
still mostly
Traditional
traditional
active in
in Riau.
Riau. In
In Batam
Batam municipality,
municipality, traditional
fishing continues
continues to form
form an
an economic
economic base
fishing
base for
the population
(in 2010,
2010, 9487
about 5 percent of the
population (in
households were active in
in the fishing,
fishing, compared
compared
1758 active in
agriculture). These are
are
to only 1758
in agriculture).
whose daily lives and
and practices are
are
communities whose
cities.
already in
in the gravity vortex of the nearby cities.
Possibilities to preserve or integrate their culculand ways of life into modern
econotures and
modern urban
urban economies in
so far presented
in the region
region have so
presented unsolvunsolvequations.
able equations.

Fishing and Mariculture A Vision for Local and


Regional Food Production
Traditionally, fishing has been one of the
main economies in the region. Older generations of Singaporeans remember the
schooners of the Makassar Bugis docking
docking at
the barter trade centre in Pasir Panjang, the
local gathering point for boats from all
all over
the Indonesian archipelago, where the trade
of fish, sea cucumber and other foods and
small goods flourished into the 1980s.
Different factors brought modernization to
the traditional fishing and food economies
and cultures. From the mid XIX century,
steamships enlarged the scale of fishing
fishing and
and
fish trade. Singapore was an important fishsold and
and
ing harbour where products were sold
distributed to the Malayan hinterland
hinterland via
via railway and roads.
In the industrial
industrial society, eating habits gradually changed too. Fresh fish and
replaced the dried salted fish.
canned fish replaced
Growing populations all over Asia introduced
introduced
the need for cheaper food; poultry for example replaced marine products as major
source of animal protein in the diet of the regions
gion's population. It is estimated that in
in the
early 1980s, 75000 people were still fishing
fishing
on the Straits (70% Indonesian, 27%
27% Malay
|ate1980s,
and 3% from Singapore). In the late
1980s,
Singapore opted to phase out most of its agricultural production. Today the city imports
95 percent of its food, and only 3 percent of
local
fish consumed in the city comes from local
farms and fishing
fishing grounds. The production
of ornamental fish for export in several agrotechnology parks today actually exceeds the
sustenance production.
long
The fish arrives to Singapore from long
shipped by
distances; from Indonesia it is shipped
carrier vessels, from Malaysia and Thailand
Thailand it

sometimes comes by lorries.


lorries. From the counsuch as Norway,
fish artries further out such
Norway, the fish
rives by plane directly from
from the airport to the
Jurong Fishery Port before being
distributed.
being distributed.
Large-scale commercial
commercial fishing
fishing is now present in the region alongside local
and tradilocal and
tional fishing
fishing and
and sea
sea farming.
farming. Motorization
tional
Motorization
of boats pushed
pushed the frontiers of the former
fishing grounds into deeper waters; this refishing
quires larger vessels,
vessels, larger ports and
and cold
cold
regustorages, and implies aa high degree of regulation and
and bureaucracy. These infrastrucand distures, together with massive supply and
tribution networks, usually give large-scale
commercial fishing
commercial
fishing advantage over fish from
from
local production. In this manner commercial
commercial
fishing practices often
often results in
destruction
fishing
in destruction
local fishing
and markets.
of local
fishing economies and
After 1965,
fragmentation to
1965, the regional fragmentation
national territories led
weakening of tradled to weakening
networks. In
In 1981
1981 for example,
example, the InIning networks.
confiscated 16 fishing
donesian authorities confiscated
fishing
from Malaysia and observers of the
vessels from
in Inevent noted that to be caught fishing
fishing in
losing
donesian waters entails the risk of losing
boats, gear, the day's
even life itboats,
days catch, or even
self.
taxation and
and
self. Until
Until today difficulties with taxation
declaration of goods in
in the cross-border sitdeclaration
uation prevent or reduce the flow of catches
uation
from
Riau to Singapore,
Singapore, or foster informal
informal
from Riau
trade under false declarations.
declarations.
Additional issues such as land
land reclama Additional
tion, the heavy shipping
in the Straits
shipping traffic in
and the discharge of chemicals, puts the
in the region
region under
marine environment in
pressure.
pressure.
(and fish
Since the
the 1970s,
1970s, aquaculture
aquaculture (and
fish
grown tremendously and
consumption) has grown
and
commercial fish
prawn farms can
many commercial
fish and
and prawn
can
be found
found off the coastline of the Strait of
Johor. This type of farming
farming also poses environmental
vironmental hazards as it often
often involves re-

The goal
goal of the
the work is to
to examine potentials
potentials
trinational fishing
fishing and
and aquaculture
aquaculture in
in the
the refor trinational
region that would
would be able to meet the local
gion
local needs.
needs.
cross borThe project explores the advantage of cross
borstrategies: ways to ensure high
wader planning
planning strategies:
high waand ecological
ecological quality of the
the marine
ter quality and
environment, and
and ways to
to create
create local
territories
environment,
local territories
fishing and
and sea
sea farming
farming in
in balance
with other
for fishing
balance with
space. The
The project
functions of the maritime
maritime space.
approach to
to regualso discusses cross border approach
regulations concerning
concerning the production,
distribution
production, distribution
and trade.
trade. The project provides
and
provides arguments for
fishing and
and mariculture,
in
the productive
productive role of fishing
mariculture, in
appeal and
and quality of life in
in
their ability to raise
raise appeal
and explores ways
ways
the cross-border metropolis,
metropolis, and
in
which they can
can be seen
seen as an
an element of rein which
regions identity and
and cultural
cultural heritage.
gion's
heritage.

Sea Transport
Transport -Sea

Reconsidering
Cross-Border
Reconsidering Cross-Border
Public
Transport Over
Over Water
Water
Public Transport
The Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and Riau
Riau region
region has
has
The
rich tradition
tradition of
of water
water transport.
transport. Though
Though
aa rich
land-based
forms of
of transportation
transportation steadsteadland-based forms
ily grew and
and became
became predominant
predominant during
during
ily
the XX
XX century,
century, people
people still
still move
move by sea.
sea.
the
High-speed
ferries connect
connect the
the local
local and
and the
the
High-speed ferries
regional
ferry terminals
terminals and
and harbours
harbours into
into
regional ferry
dense network.
network. Singapore
Singapore TourTouraa relatively dense
ism Board
that in
in 2013,
2013, more
more than
than 1.5
1.5
ism
Board reports
reports that
million
visitors arrived
arrived in
in Singapore
Singapore by
by sea;
sea;
million visitors
more
than half
half of all
all arrivals,
arrivals, around
around 70,000
70,000
more than
per month,
Indonesia. Similar
per
month, were
were from
from Indonesia.
Similar
numbers were
were reported
reported for
for Batam:
nearly
Batam: nearly
70,000 Singaporean
Singaporean and
and 23,000
23,000 Malaysian
Malaysian
70,000
visitors arrived
arrived at
at the
the island
island by ferry
ferry in
in FebruFebruary 2013.
2013.
ary
Looking at
Looking
at the
the seascapes
seascapes in
in the
the region,
region,
one can
can observe
observe great
great differences
differences in
in the
the use
use
one
and
boats. Huge
and types
types of
of boats.
Huge air-conditioned
air-conditioned
ships
ships dominate
dominate the
the international
international shipping
shipping
fairways and
and the
the anchorages
anchorages of
of the
the SingaSingafairways
pore
while in
in other
other parts
parts of Singapore
Singapore
pore port,
port, while
and
and Johor people
people still
still move
move by
by bumboats.
bumboats.
Chinese
move among
Chinese sampans
sampans move
among the
the islands
islands
in the
the Riau
Archipelago.
in
Riau Archipelago.
The
The technological
technological changes
changes have
have radicalradically transformed
transformed the
the nature
nature of
of sea
sea travel,
travel, and
and
had great impact
had
impact on
on the
the shape
shape and
and function
function
ports and
and cities.
cities. The
The period
period from
from the
the XVI
XVI
of ports
to
to the
the mid
mid XIX
XIX century
century in
in Southeast
Southeast Asia
Asia and
and
the
known as
the world
world is
is known
as the
the Age
Age of
of Sail;
Sail; human
human
migration and
migration
and international
international trade
trade from
from the
the
Arab
India, China
Arab world,
world, India,
China and
and Europe
Europe reached
reached
Singapore
Singapore and
and the
the region
region by
by sailboats.
sailboats. DurDuring
ing the
the first
first half of
of the
the XIX
XIX century
century more
more effiefficient
cient steam
steam ships
ships and
and ocean
ocean liners
liners gradually
gradually
replaced sailboats,
replaced
sailboats, and
and subsequently other
other
new techniques
new
techniques and
and technologies
technologies contincontinued
ued to
to transform
transform the
the nature
nature of sea
sea transport.
transport.

Among the
the most
most important,
important, the
the containericontaineriAmong
zation of
of the
the 1960s
1960s was
was aa logistic
logistic revolution
revolution
zation
that enabled
enabled globalization
globalization and
and escalation
escalation of
of
that
cargo shipping.
shipping. Around
Around the
the same
same time,
time, with
with
cargo
the advent
advent of
of air
air travel,
travel, line
line voyages
voyages nearly
nearly
the
ceased to
to exist.
exist. These
These changes
changes also
also revorevoceased
lutionized the
the character
character of
of the
the port
port and
and its
its
lutionized
interaction with
with the
the city.
city. In
In Singapore
Singapore and
and
interaction
other port
port cities,
cities, this
this has
has been
been aa movement
movement
other
from the
the times
times when
when port
port and
and waterfront
waterfront
from
presented commercial
commercial and
and cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
presented
centres, to
to the
the present
present day
day when
when the
the port
port
centres,
and the
the sea
sea have
have became
became logistic
logistic territories
territories
and
at the
the periphery
periphery of
of public
public perception.
perception.
at
Political
Political history
history of
of the
the sea
sea region
region is
is
equally
equally crucial,
crucial, as
as itit gives
gives an
an insight
insight into
into the
the
changing nature
nature of
of maritime
maritime borders.
borders. The
The
changing
colonial period
period was
was marked
marked by
by aa bipolar
bipolar popocolonial
litical
litical geography
geography in
in the
the region:
region: after
after the
the AnAnglo-Dutch Treaty
Treaty of
of 1824,
1824, Riau
Riau Archipelago
Archipelago
glo-Dutch
was controlled
controlled by
by the
the Dutch
Dutch with
with their
their port
port
was
in
in Tanjung
Tanjung Pinang,
Pinang, rivalled
rivalled by
by the
the British
British in
in
Singapore
Singapore and
and Johor.
Johor. The
The flows
flows of
of goods
goods in
in
the Singapore
Singapore Straits
Straits were
were highly
highly regulated
regulated
the
at
at the
the time,
time, but
but in
in terms
terms of
of people
people flows
flows the
the
territory
territory was
was borderless.
borderless. There
There were
were no
no passpassports
ports and
and everyday
everyday movement
movement by
by sea
sea was
was
prevalent. Ferry
Ferry connections
connections between
between Johor
Johor
prevalent.
Bahru
Bahru and
and Singapore
Singapore as
as well
well as
as Singapore,
Singapore,
Batam
Batam and
and Tanjung
Tanjung Pinang,
Pinang, where
where frequent
frequent
and
and small
small boats
boats could
could be
be rented
rented for
for shorter
shorter
distances
distances and
and travels
travels across
across the
the Strait.
Strait.
With
With the
the events
events of
of the
the 1963-66
1963-66 ConfronConfrontation
tation and
and of
of Singapore's
Singapores independence
independence in
in
1965,
1965, the
the fluid
fluid character
character of
of the
the border
border was
was
replaced
replaced by
by attempts
attempts to
to establish
establish national
national
sovereignties
sovereignties over
over maritime
maritime space.
space. The
The gradgradual
ual introduction
introduction of
of national
national borders
borders also
also rereflected
flected in
in new
new ways
ways of
of water
water transport.
transport. The
The
flexible,
flexible, small-scale
small-scale boats
boats were
were replaced
replaced by
by
large-scale,
large-scale, directional
directional ferry
ferry connections.
connections. ToTodays
days ferry
ferry terminals
terminals function
function as
as intermodal
intermodal

interchanges, immigration
immigration checkpoints
checkpoints and
and
interchanges,
commercial centers
centers (with
(with shopping
shopping malls,
malls,
commercial
casinos, etc.);
etc.); they
they generally
generally have
have no
no pubpubcasinos,
lic waterfront.
waterfront. The
The immigration
immigration control
control proprolic
cedures the
the fingerprints,
fingerprints, passport
passport scans,
scans,
cedures
check-in and
and boarding,
boarding, etc.
etc. have
have added
added to
to
check-in
the formalization
formalization of
of the
the water
water transport.
transport. The
The
the
ferries follow
follow fixed
fixed routes
routes and
and cross
cross the
the ininferries
ternational shipping
shipping fairway
fairway on
on designated
designated
ternational
crossing points.
points. With
With aa capacity
capacity of
of up
up to
to 250
250
crossing
passengers, they
they travel
travel at
at speed
speed of
of 28
28 knots
knots
passengers,
(50 km/
km/h).
They serve
serve different
different uses,
uses, from
from
(50
h). They
business to
to weekend
weekend leisure
leisure trips.
trips.
business
By
By contrast
contrast to
to the
the increasingly
increasingly rigid
rigid patpatterns of
of public
public movement
movement across
across the
the Straits,
Straits,
terns
the transfer
transfer of
of goods
goods in
in the
the region
region was
was simsimthe
plified through
through the
the introduction
introduction of
of special
special
plified
economic zones
zones the
the new
new borderless
borderless tertereconomic
ritories and
and free-flow
free-flow regimes
regimes of
of globalized
globalized
ritories
production and
and trade.
trade. Thus,
Thus, in
in less
less than
than fifty
fifty
production
years since
since the
the independence
independence of
of Singapore,
Singapore,
years
the character
character of
of movement
movement across
across the
the sea
sea in
in
the
the region
region has
has been
been reversed:
reversed: from
from aa flexible
flexible
the
and open
open transport
transport based
based on
on smaller
smaller boats,
boats,
and
to an
an increasingly
increasingly rigid
rigid and
and directional
directional type
type
to
of movement.
movement.
of
The
The goal
goal of
of the
the project
project has
has been
been to
to exexplore possibilities
possibilities for
for aa new
new model
model of
of water
water
plore
based public
public transport
transport in
in the
the trinational
trinational rerebased
gion. The
The specific
specific interest
interest has
has been
been in
in the
the
gion.
possibility of
of small
small scale,
scale, flexible
flexible connecconnecpossibility
tions (smaller
(smaller boats,
boats, longer
longer waterfronts,
waterfronts, flexflextions
ible embarkation
embarkation and
and disembarkation)
disembarkation) that
that
ible
could complement
complement the
the existing
existing transport
transport
could
networks.
networks. The
The project
project provides
provides arguments
arguments
for the
the productive
productive role
role of
of water
water transport
transport
for
for the
the region,
region, in
in its
its ability
ability to
to raise
raise appeal
appeal
for
and
and value
value of
of living,
living, work
work and
and leisure
leisure in
in the
the
cross-border
cross-border metropolis.
metropolis. The
The project
project exexplores ways
ways in
in which
which water
water transport
transport can
can be
be
plores
seen as
as an
an element
element of
of region's
regions identity
identity and
and
seen
cultural
cultural heritage.
heritage.

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

56
56

Introduction
Introduction

57
57

infrastructures and
and services.
services. Their incremenincremental growth
growth would
would be desirable,
desirable, but they often
often
tal
fall victim
victim to industrial
expansion and
and tourtourfall
industrial expansion
ism.
ism.
The shift from
from traditional
traditional archipelagic
archipelagic
focused on
on the
the sea,
sea,
culture of settlements focused
thinking and
and apapto the modern
modern land-based
land-based thinking
proach
and development,
development, has
proach to planning
planning and
made life on
on mainland
attractive. The
The
mainland more
more attractive.
heritage of the archipelago
archipelago should
should thus
thus be
be
seen as the specific
specific asset for the regions
seen
region's
and identity.
culture and
identity.
the project has been
to explore
explore aa
The goal
goal of the
been to
common vision
vision for preservation
common
preservation of the marimaritrinational region,
cutime culture of the trinational
region, by curating
archipelago.
rating sites of memory in
in the archipelago.

I I
_ __ _

sail
1535. Next to the
sail beyond Kota
Kota Tinggi in 1535.
indigenous Malay,
Malay, diverse ethnic groups
from China,
Thailand and
and Java
Java setChina, Mongolia, Thailand
tled in the region.
region. From the XVI
XVI to mid
mid XIX
century, in the period
period of international
international mariand warfare known as the Age of
time trade and
Sail, the Europeans arrived
and
arrived in the region
region and
founded their ports.
ports. These continuous migration flows and
and cultural
cultural crossovers in
in the
archipelago have created
and specific
created a rich and
cultural
cultural heritage.
in
Not many sites of history and
and memory in
and accessible.
accessible. Due to
the region are known and
their often remote locations on small
small islands,
islands,
they are removed
removed from public view and
and
semi-forgotten.
semi-forgotten. The preserved
preserved heritage sites
include for example the Raffles Lighthouse,
Lighthouse,
and the
the Kusu and the Sisters
Sister's islands,
islands, and
Island, with
mosque, the forPenyengat Island,
with its mosque,
mer fort and the residence of the sultan
sultan ruling over the Malay-Bugis Kingdom
Kingdom in
in the late
XVIII century. Other sites such
XVIII
such as the Fort
Canning Lighthouse and
Long Ya
Men
Canning
and the Long
Ya Men
rock have been
even in
been rebuilt, occasionally even
in
station
a different location. The quarantine station
John's Island, the recreational
recreational facilion Saint Johns
facilities on Pulau
Pulau Damar Laut,
Laut, and
and schools and
and
Southern Islands have
cemeteries on other Southern
lost.
been lost.
Riau, there are areas and
and relationships
In Riau,
that are exceptional
exceptional in the fact that they still
still
convey the more traditional
traditional form
form of archiHere, children
children take boats to
pelago culture. Here,
the next island
island to reach
reach school,
school, mosques are
the places of public life even
even on
on the smallsmallislands, houses are built on stilts on
on
est of islands,
the shore and
between island
island
and boats connect between
communities.
island communities
The future of these island
in the archipelago is uncertain; they are alin the
ready to various degrees subsumed
subsumed in
urban economy and
modern
urban
and dependent on
on modern

- -

." F

Memory Archipelago Valuing Sea Culture in


the Growing Metropolis
Pulau Ujong, the Malay transliteration of the
Chinese Pu Luo Chung, named Singapore
as the island at the end already in the IV
century. Geographically, Tanjung Piai in the
west of Johor Bahru marks the southernmost
point of the peninsular Malaysia and of the
Asian continent. From here, the Asian mainland dissolves into the 18,307 islands of the
Indonesian Archipelago.
Archipelagos, the groupings of geographically or geologically related islands,
islands: concan consist of different types of islands:
tinental, desert, oceanic or tropical
tropical islands.
Very small islands, such as emergent land
features on atolls, can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys.
inhabited islands in
The roughly 2,760 inhabited
the Johor, Singapore and Riau region can be
described in terms of their traditional archipelagic culture in which settlement structures used to stretch along the coast, and
economy and daily life gravitated
gravitated towards
the sea. Few hundred other islands in the
uninhabited and
and covered
covered
archipelago are uninhabited
by vegetation. At the same time, the archipelago is a site of conflict imposed by urbanisation, the reshaping of landscape for
infrastructures, industrial zones or tourist facilities.
Islands and coasts in the region are rich
places of memory, as most traditional
traditional settlements are located along the coast and in
and shallow waters
the river mouths. Calm and
of the archipelago, safe anchorage places
and rich fishing grounds have always attracted settlers. Settlements along the Johor
River leading to the hinterland were of great
importance; this passageway to
to the
the interior
had even attracted the Portuguese fleet to

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--4--'5-'-1'3 -

Sea Urbanism
Sea
Urbanism -Reinventing Urban
Urban Life
Life on
on the
the Sea
Sea
Reinventing
Every year
year 120,000
120,000 vessels
vessels pass
pass through
through the
the
Malacca and
and the
the Singapore
Singapore Straits,
Straits, carrying
carrying
Malacca
one quarter
quarter of
of the
the world's
worlds cargo
cargo and
and makmakone
ing itit one
one of
of the
the busiest
busiest shipping
shipping routes
routes in
in
ing
the world.
world. The
The southern
southern end
end of
of the
the Malacca
the
Malacca
Strait is
is formed
formed by
by aa tight
tight passage
passage through
through
Strait
the Singapore
Singapore Strait,
Strait, connecting
connecting the
the Indian
the
Indian
Ocean with
with the
the South
South China
China Sea
Sea and
and the
the
Ocean
Pacific, and
and linking
linking the
the major
major Asian
Asian econoeconoPacific,
mies, India,
China, Japan
Japan and
and South
South Korea.
Korea.
mies,
India, China,
The maximum
size of
of aa vessel
vessel that
that can
can make
make
The
maximum size
passage through
through the
the Strait
Strait is
is referred
referred to
to as
as
passage
Malaccamax;
Malaccamax; bigger boats
boats have
have to
to take
take aa
through the
the Lombok
Lombok Strait,
Strait, Makassar
Makassar
detour through
Strait or
or other
other passages
passages through
through the
the islands
islands
Strait
of
Indonesia.
of Indonesia.
Due
Due to
to its
its favorable
favorable natural
natural conditions
conditions
and
and deep
deep water,
water, the
the Singapore
Singapore Strait
Strait and
and
the port
became one
one of
of the
the most
most important
important
the
port became
shipping
shipping nodes.
nodes. At
At any
any time,
time, there
there are
are about
about
1,000
1,000 vessels
vessels within
within the
the port
port limits
limits of
of the
the
Maritime and
and Port
of Singapore
Singapore
Maritime
Port Authority of
(MPA). This
This fleet
fleet of
of container
container ships,
ships, oil
oil tanktank(MPA).
ers
ers and
and cruise
cruise ships
ships creates
creates an
an astonishing
astonishing
density
density resembling
resembling aa floating
floating city.
city. ComparComparing the
the footprint
footprint of
of buildings
buildings in
in the
the city
city parts
parts
ing
overlooking
overlooking the
the Strait
Strait with
with the
the footprints
footprints of
of
vessels
vessels on
on the
the water,
water, one
one begins
begins to
to read
read the
the
water
water and
and the
the land
land as
as one
one continuous
continuous urban
urban
fabric.
fabric.
This
This urban
'urban sea
sea' also
also forms
forms an
an autonoautonomous
mous urban
urban territory,
territory, with
with restricted
restricted enentrance
trance points,
points, designated
designated traffic
traffic lanes
lanes and
and
crossing
crossing routes,
routes, highly
highly separated
separated uses
uses and
and
user populations.
populations. In
In order
order to
to facilitate
facilitate the
the
vast amount
amount of
of traffic,
traffic, the
the Singapore
Singapore Strait
Strait is
is
aa highly regulated
regulated space.
space. In
In 1971,
1971, an
an agreeagreement took
took effect
effect between
between Singapore,
Singapore, MaMalaysia
laysia and
and Indonesia
Indonesia to
to coordinate
coordinate vessel
vessel
movement
movement in
in the
the Malacca
Malacca and
and the
the SingaSinga-

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_
_ __

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'_ '_'-

pore Straits.
Straits. In
In 1994,
1994, this
this regional
regional cooperacooperapore
tion was
was extended
extended trough
trough the
the United
United Nations
Nations
tion
Convention on
on the
the Law
Law of
of the
the Sea,
Sea, granting
granting
Convention
the right
right of
of transit
transit and
and innocent
innocent passage
passage to
to
the
all ships.
ships. The
The passageways
passageways are
are further
further impleimpleall
mented by
by the
the Traffic
Traffic Separation
Separation Scheme,
Scheme,
mented
system of
of street-like
street-like traffic
traffic corridors
corridors proproaa system
jected onto
onto the
the water.
water. In
In order
order for
for any
any forforjected
eign vessel
vessel to
to access
access Singapore's
Singapores waters,
waters,
eign
pilot, knowledgeable
knowledgeable of
of the
the conditions
conditions of
of
aa pilot,
the port,
port, has
has to
to enter
enter the
the boat
boat and
and navigate
navigate
the
its way
way through
through the
the harbour.
harbour. Arriving
Arriving ships
ships
its
and boats
boats are
are parked
parked in
in designated
designated anchoranchorand
age
age zones,
zones, or
or unshipped
unshipped at
at ports
ports and
and jetjetties. These
These various
various zones,
zones, their
their strict
strict regimes
regimes
ties.
of use
use and
and highly
highly dense
dense activities,
activities, coin
coin the
the
of
space of
of the
the Strait
Strait as
as urban
urban and
and as
as prime
prime
space
illustration
illustration of
of the
the phenomenon
phenomenon of
of urbanizaurbanization of
of the
the sea.
sea.
tion
While
While the
the commercial
commercial shipping
shipping and
and port
port
activities continue
continue to
to grow
grow and
and compete
compete
activities
for
for water
water surface
surface and
and costal
costal access
access in
in all
all
three
three countries
countries in
in the
the region,
region, there
there are
are also
also
other users
users at
at urban
urban sea.
sea. Oil
Oil tankers,
tankers, cargo
cargo
other
ships and
and bulk
bulk carriers
carriers are
are intermingling
intermingling
ships
with
with cruise
cruise ships
ships and
and passenger
passenger ferries,
ferries, in
in
total
total representing
representing an
an offshore
offshore population
population of
of
roughly 10,000
10,000 to
to 20,000
20,000 individuals.
individuals. The
The
roughly
population
population flows
flows between
between the
the sea
sea and
and land
land
are
are subject
subject to
to different
different logics
logics and
and protoprotocols
cols of
of immigration
immigration control;
control; the
the permeabilpermeability
ity of
of the
the sea-land
sea-land boundary
boundary is
is continuously
continuously
fine-tuned.
fine-tuned. While
While cruise
cruise ship
ship terminals
terminals ofoffer
fer immigration-on-demand
immigration-on-demand to
to the
the arriving
arriving
tourists,
tourists, supply
supply boats
boats operate
operate 24-7
24-7 to
to deliver
deliver
medicine,
medicine, food
food and
and mail
mail to
to cargo
cargo ships
ships who's
whos
crews
crews are
are generally
generally not
not allowed
allowed to
to enter
enter forforeign
eign territory.
territory.
The
The changing
changing port-city
port-city relationship
relationship over
over
time
time transformed
transformed urban
urban physiognomies
physiognomies and
and
characters
characters of
of cities
cities worldwide.
worldwide. The
The evolution
evolution
of
of Singapore's
Singapores port
port was
was greatly
greatly influenced
influenced

by the
the remaking
remaking of
of the
the political
political geography
geography
by
of the
the region,
region, as
as well
well as
as technological
technological revorevoof
lutions. Artist
Artist Allan
Allan Sekula
Sekula observed
observed that
that
lutions.
since technological
technological inventions
inventions like
like steam
steam
since
boats and
and logistic
logistic improvements
improvements like
like the
the
boats
container, the
the logics
logics of
of port
port logistics
logistics and
and
container,
cargo handling
handling changed
changed dramatically.
dramatically. The
The
cargo
replacement of
of manual
manual labor
labor by
by cranes
cranes and
and
replacement
the deepening
deepening of
of port
port areas
areas for
for bigger
bigger ships
ships
the
emptied (dehumanized)
(dehumanized) the
the port
port facilities
facilities
emptied
and created
created logistic
logistic hubs
hubs along
along the
the coast.
coast.
and
The containerization
containerization of
of the
the 1960s
1960s was
was aa loloThe
gistic revolution
revolution that
that enabled
enabled escalation
escalation of
of
gistic
cargo shipping
shipping in
in Singapore.
Singapore. Around
Around the
the
cargo
same time,
time, with
with the
the advent
advent of
of air
air travel,
travel, line
line
same
voyages nearly
nearly ceased
ceased to
to exist.
exist. These
These influinfluvoyages
ences marked
marked an
an urban
urban transition
transition from
from the
the
ences
times when
when Singapore's
Singapores port
port and
and the
the waterwatertimes
front presented
presented commercial
commercial urban
urban cores
cores and
and
front
most cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan parts
parts of
of the
the city,
city, to
to the
the
most
present day
day when
when the
the port
port and
and the
the sea
sea have
have
present
became largely
largely invisible
invisible logistic
logistic territories
territories
became
at the
the periphery
periphery of
of public
public perception.
perception.
at
A
A parallel
parallel phenomenon
phenomenon with
with great
great imimpact on
on life
life by
by and
and with
with the
the sea
sea was
was the
the forforpact
mation of
of the
the maritime
maritime national
national borders
borders that
that
mation
gradually took
took effect
effect in
in the
the region
region during
during the
the
gradually
1960s. The
The combined
combined demands
demands of
of industry,
industry,
19605.
logistics and
and globalized
globalized trade
trade contributed
contributed to
to
logistics
their strengthening.
strengthening. Together
Together with
with industrial
industrial
their
and port
port facilities,
facilities, national
national security
security installainstallaand
tions occupy
occupy large
large stretches
stretches of
of the
the coastline
coastline
tions
separating the
the city
city from
from the
the sea.
sea. The
The highly
highly
separating
secured and
and utilized
utilized national
national waters
waters de
de facto
facto
secured
function as
as an
an extended
extended borderzone,
borderzone, which
which
function
stretches
stretches from
from the
the sea
sea onto
onto the
the land:
land: the
the
maritime borders
borders in
in the
the region
region have
have their
their reremaritime
flection the
the land.
land.
flection
The
The skyline
skyline of
of downtown
downtown Singapore
Singapore and
and
the
the skyline
skyline of
of vessels
vessels in
in the
the deep-water
deep-water echo
echo
each other:
other: two
two distinct
distinct worlds,
worlds, visually
visually conconeach
nected, virtually
virtually cut
cut off.
off. The
The psychological
psychological
nected,
distance
distance among
among the
the three
three cities,
cities, Singapore,
Singapore,
Batam
Batam and
and Johor
Johor is
is great;
great; instead
instead of
of uniting
uniting
the region,
region, the
the sea
sea separates.
separates.
the
The
The goal
goal of
of the
the project
project has
has been
been to
to rethink
rethink
the
the sea
sea space
space and
and the
the coastlines
coastlines in
in the
the
trinational region,
region, as
as space
space that
that can
can perform
perform
trinational
urban
urban public
public functions;
functions; aa space
space of
of public
public enencounter,
counter, business,
business, cultural
cultural exchange,
exchange, leisure,
leisure,
aa cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan space.
space. The
The sea
sea and
and the
the ports
ports
in
in the
the region
region used
used to
to hold
hold these
these public
public funcfunctions
tions in
in the
the past;
past; the
the project
project therefore
therefore conconsiders
siders how
how some
some of
of those
those qualities
qualities can
can be
be
reclaimed
reclaimed in
in the
the present.
present.

Sources
Sources

455
455

Sources
Sources
Unless stated
stated otherwise,
otherwise, all
all diagrams
diagrams and
and photographs
photographs are
are
original to
to this book.
book. Original
Original photographs
are the
the work of
of
original
photographs are
instructors
and students
students of Architecture
Architecture of Territory
Territory during
during
instructors and
the autumn
autumn semester 2014.
2014. All
All satellite images
images are
are taken
taken
the
from Google
Google Maps
and Google
Google Earth.
Earth.
from
Maps and
The maps
maps presented
in this
this volume
volume are
are based
based on
on the
the
presented in
(digital) map data
data collection
collection Architecture
Architecture of
of Territory:
Territory: SinSin(digital)
which was
was assembled
assembled by ETH
ETH
gapore Metropolitan
Metropolitan Region
Region which
Zrich Assistant
Assistant Professorship
of Architecture
Architecture and
and TerritoTerritoZurich
Professorship of
rial
Topalovic, in
in the
the period
of 2011-15,
201115, at
at the
the
rial Planning,
Planning, M.
M. Topalovic,
period of
Future Cities
Cities Laboratory in
in Singapore.
Singapore.

map data
data collection
collection was
was created
created in
in order
order to
to visualvisualThis map
ize and
and thus help imagine,
imagine, discuss
discuss and
and research
research the
the urban
urban
and urbanization
urbanization process
process of the
the trinationa|
tri-national
characteristics and
metropolitan
centred in
in Singapore.
Singapore. It
It is
is the
the result
result of
of
metropolitan region
region centred
an extensive
extensive collection
collection of map information
information originating
originating from
from
an
different sources,
sources, including
including existing
existing planning
documents
different
planning documents
provided
authorities in
in three
three countries,
countries, commercommerprovided by local
local authorities
data as
as well
well as
as open
open source
source maps.
maps.
cially available map
map data

significant are:
are: TomTom
TomTom Navigation
GIS
The most significant
Navigation GIS
System) Data
Data of
of Johor
Johor State
State

(Geographic Information
Information System)

Malaysia, Commercial
Commercial geo-referenced
geo-referenced Information
Information data
data
Malaysia,
purchased in
in 2012;
2012; Open
Open Street
Street Map
Map (OSM),
(OSM), Open
Open source
source
purchased
geo-referenced Information
Information data
data retrieved
retrieved in
in the
the period
period of
of
geo-referenced

201115; Singapore
Singapore Master
Master and
and Concept
Concept Planning
Planning DocuDocu2011-15;

ments (2008-2014)
(20082014) Urban
Urban Redevelopment
Redevelopment Authority
Authority (URA)
(URA)
ments
Ministry of
of National
National Development
Development (MND),
(MND), for
for proposed
proposed
Ministry
Land Use;
Use; Spatial
Spatial Plan
Plan of
of Batam,
Batam, Bintan,
Bintan, Karimun
Karimun Free
Free Trade
Trade
Land

Zones, Rencana
Rencana Tata
Tata Ruang
Ruang Kawasan
Kawasan Free
Free Trade
Trade Zones
Zones
Zones,
Batam, Bintan,
Bintan, Karimun
Karimun (RTRW
(RTRW FTZ
FTZ BBK)
BBK) Indonesia
Indonesia Free
Free
Batam,

Zone Authority
Authority (BIFZA)
(BIFZA) 2009;
2009; Batam,
Batam, Bintan
Bintan and
and Karimun
Karimun
Zone
Spatial Development
Development Plan
Plan 2004-2014,
20042014, Rencana
Rencana Tata
Tata Ruang
Ruang
Spatial
Batam, Bintan
Bintan dan
dan Karimun
Karimun (RTRW
(RTRW BBK
BBK 2004-2014),
20042014), 2008
2008
Batam,

and 2011;
2011; Batam
Batam Spacial
Spacial Development
Development Plan,
Plan, Peta
Peta Rencana
Rencana
and
Pola Ruang
Ruang Kabupaten
Kabupaten Batam
Batam (RTRW
(RTRW Batam),Bappeda
Batam),Bappeda Bata,
Bata,
Pola
2008; Bintan
Bintan Spacial
Spacial Development
Development Plan,
Plan, Peta
Peta Rencana
Rencana Pola
Pola
2008;
Ruang Kabupaten
Kabupaten Bintan
Bintan (RTRW
(RTRW Bintan),
Bintan), Bappeda
Bappeda KabuKabuRuang
paten Bintan,
Bintan, 2007.
2007.
paten

We
We apologize
apologize for
for missing
missing credits,
credits, which
which were
were not
not subsubmitted by
by the
the authors
authors of
of respective
respective chapters
chapters by
by the
the date
date
mitted
this book
book was
was printed.
printed.
this

Introduction
Introduction

p.14-p.70
p.14-p.70

Maps
EE
p.14-15:
of Southeast
Southeast Asian
Asian States
States
p.14-15: Map
Map of
(1776)
(1776) The
The Traiphum
Traiphum manuscript.
manuscript.
Berlin.
Museum
Museum of
of Asian
Asian Art,
Art, Berlin.
p.24-25, 28,
p.24-25,
28, 48:
48: Architecture
Architecture of Territory
Territory
p.38-39: Metropolitan
p.38-39:
Metropolitan Parks,
Parks, Luca
Luca Bazelli
Bazelli
and
and Matthias
Matthias Mueller
Mueller
p.40-41:
Simone Michel
Michel and
and
p.40-41: Urban
Urban Fishing,
Fishing, Simone
Anna-Katharina

Anna-Katharina Zahler
Zahler
p.42-43: Network of
Increased Accessibility,
p.42-43:
of Increased
Accessibility,
Barras and
Sarah
Sarah Barras
and Benjamin
Benjamin Blocher
Blocher
p.44-45: Riau
p.44-45:
Riau Archipelago
Archipelago Heritage
Heritage Park,
Park,
Manuel
Manuel Crepaz and
and Martino
Martino Iorno
Iorno
p.46-47: Oceanopolis,
p.46-47:
Oceanopolis, Alessio
Alessio De
De Gottardi
Gottardi
Panos Coucopoulos
and
and Panos
Coucopoulos
Statistics
Statistics
p.26-27: Urbanisation
p.26-27:
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 1900:
1900:
Longman Atlas:
Longman
Atlas: Singapore
Singapore and
and the
the
World,
Education Asia
Ltd,
World, Pearson
Pearson Education
Asia Pte.
Pte. Ltd,
2005.
2005.
p.26-27: Urbanisation
p.26-27:
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 19001900
1950:
1950: Longman
Longman Atlas:
Atlas: Singapore
Singapore and
and the
the
World,
Education Asia
World, Pearson
Pearson Education
Asia Pte.
Pte. Ltd,
Ltd,
2005
2005 and
and Lionel
Lionel Wigmore,
Wigmore, Australia
Australia in
in
the
the War
War of 1939-1945
19391945 Volume
Volume IV
IV
The
The

Japanese
Japanese Thrust,
Thrust, the
the Australian
Australian War
War MeMemorial,
morial, 1957.
1957.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: Urbanisation
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 19501950
1990: Longman
Longman Atlas:
Atlas: Singapore
Singapore and
and
1990:
the World,
World, Pearson
Pearson Education
Education Asia
Asia Pte.
Pte.
the
Ltd,
Ltd, 2005
2005 and
and Johor
Johor Urban
Urban Sprawl,
Sprawl, MuMuhammad
hammad Azahar
Azahar Zikri
Zikri Zahari,
Zahari, UTM-Low
UTM-Low
Carbon Asia
Asia Research
Research Centre,
Centre, Faculty
Faculty of
of
Carbon
Built
Built Environment,
Environment, Universiti
Universiti Teknologi
Teknologi
Malaysia,
Malaysia, 2014.
2014.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: Urbanisation
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 19901990
2011:
2011: Johor
Johor Urban
Urban Sprawl,
Sprawl, Muhammad
Muhammad
Azahar
Azahar Zikri
Zikri Zahari,
Zahari, UTM-Low
UTM-Low Carbon
Carbon
Asia Research
Research Centre,
Centre, Faculty
Faculty of
of Built
Built EnEnAsia
vironment,
vironment, Universiti
Universiti Teknologi
Teknologi Malaysia,
Malaysia,
2014.
2014.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: GDP
GDP Comparison:
Comparison: Toh
Toh Mun
Mun Heng,
Heng,
and
and Jiang
Jiang B0.
Bo. The
The SIJORI
SIJORI Cross-Border
Cross-Border
Region
Region as
as an
an Economic
Economic Entity
Entity in
in 1990
1990
and
and 2012,
2012, and
and Perspectives
Perspectives for
for 2030",
2030,
forthcoming.
forthcoming.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: Population
Population Growth
Growth and
and Changing
Changing
Demographics:
Demographics: Ananta,
Ananta, Aris.
Aris. The
The PopuPopulation
lation of
of the
the S|JOR|
SIJORI Cross-Border
Cross-Border ReRegion,
gion, forthcoming.
forthcoming.

Image Credits
Credits
Image

p.1-8: Princen,
Princen, Bas
Bas (2015)
(2015)
p.1-8:

p.49-53: Krautzig,
Krautzig, Stefanie
Stefanie (2014)
(2014)
p.49-53:
p.54-69:
p.54-69: Princen,
Princen, Bas
Bas (2015)
(2015)

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

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NUS in
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and Batam
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supported our
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Batam who
and helped
along the way.
way. Special
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Munir Bin
Bin Mond
Mond Nawi,
Nawi, Johor
Johor
Fishery Authority,
Authority, 2014.
2014.
Mr Teh
Kihua, AVA
Mr
Teh Kihua,
AVA Jurong
Jurong Fishery Port,
Port,
Singapore,
Singapore, 2014.
2014.
Mr Budy Hartono,
Mr
Hartono, Riau
Riau Archipelago
Archipelago Fishery
Fishery

Authority, 2014.
2014.
Authority,
Mr Fakhri
Fakhri Rakhmathulla,
Rakhmathulla, Riau
Riau Archipelago
Archipelago
Mr
Fishery Authority,
Authority, 2014.
2014.
Fishery
Guillaume Drillet,
Drillet, APAC
APAC Aquaculture,
Aquaculture, DHI
DHI
Guillaume
Water &
& Environment,
Environment, Singapore,
Singapore, 2014.
2014.
Water
Joseph Antoneli,
Antoneli, Sales
Sales Manager
Manager and
and Fish
Fish
Joseph
Farmer, Singapore,
Singapore, 2014.
2014.
Farmer,
Internet
Internet
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www.bps.go.id
www.ava.gov.sg
www.ava.gov.sg
www.singstat.gov.sg
www.singstat.gov.sg
www.dof.gov.my
www.dof.gov.
my
www.fao.org
www.fao.org
www.seafdec.org
www.seafdec.org
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www.bing.com/maps
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Image Credits
Credits
Image

p.168: Hans
Hans Hortig
Hortig 2014.
2014.
p.168:
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
We want
want to
to thank
thank all
all the
the people
people at
at the
the FCL,
FCL,
We
NUS and
and in
in Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and Riau
Riau ArchiArchiNUS
pelago who
who supported
supported us
us in
in our
our work
work and
and
pelago
made
made our
our stay
stay unforgettable.
unforgettable.
A special
special thanks
thanks to
to Milica
Milica Topalovic,
Topalovic, Stefanie
Stefanie
A
Krautzig and
and Hans
Hans Hortig,
Hortig, who
who supported
supported us
us
Krautzig
with
with an
an incredible
incredible effort,
effort, knowledge
knowledge and
and enenthusiasm.
thusiasm.
Also
Also aa special
special thanks
thanks to
to Yulhendri
Yulhendri
Mubarak, Joseph
Joseph Antonelli,
Antonelli, Hong
Hong Ching
Ching Goh,
Goh,
Mubarak,
Loon Wai
Wai Chau,
Chau, Guillame
Guillame Drillet,
Drillet, Teh
Teh Kihua,
Kihua,
Loon
Budy
Budy Hartono,
Hartono, and
and Fakhri
Fakhri Rakhmatullah
Rakhmatullah for
for
the
the interesting
interesting talks
talks and
and for
for helping
helping us
us out
out
with information
information and
and connecting
connecting us
us with
with
with
other
other people.
people.
Thanks
Thanks also
also to
to Magnus
Magnus Nickl
Nickl and
and Bas
Bas
Princen
Princen for
for supporting
supporting us
us with
with their
their knowlknowledge.
edge.
Also
Also aa special
special thank
thank to
to Aleksander
Aleksander Rodin,
Rodin,
who
who skipped
skipped the
the Vivo
Vivo City
City Carol
Carol Contest
Contest just
just
to
to reread
reread our
our texts.
texts.

Architecture of Territory

Sea Region

Maps
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(IRDA)
(IRDA) (2011).
(2011). Integrated
Integrated Land
Land Use,
Use, BlueBlueprint for Iskandar Malaysia.
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J.
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of Islands:
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ward Island, Canada.
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Memory Archipelago

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S. J.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to everybody at the FCL, in Batam
Batam
supported our work and
and in Johor who supported
and
helped
helped us along
along the way.
special thanks to the Architecture
A special
of Territory Team: Milica Topalovic, Hans
Hortig, Stefanie Krautzig, for their involvehour-long discussions on
ment, inputs and
and hour-long
on
the research and project. Thank you
in parparyou in
ticular for the impeccable organization
organization of
the seminar week, which
which made us discover
the region in
in the best of ways.
ways.
providing us
A huge thanks to Magnus for providing
chocolate and ideas.
Also, thank to Revel, IT guy at FCL that
enough trouble trying
had enough
trying to rescue all
all the
laptops.
broken laptops.
drowned iPhone.
iPhone.
In memory of Benjamin's drowned

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Pulau Macan.
Rachman, Pulau
Rachman,
Pulau Akar.
Akar.
Asad Pulau
Pulau Belakang
Belakang Padang.
Asad
Padang.
Abdullah
Pulau Lenkang.
Abdullah Aziz,
Aziz, Pulau
Lenkang.
Tommy,
Pulau Sarang.
Tommy, Pulau
Sarang.
Delvy, Pulau
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Sambu.
Mohammed, Pulau
Pulau Funtasy.
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Pulau Belakang
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Belakang Padang.
Padang.
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ka rta post.com
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pedia.org
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www.googleearth.com
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Sketch),
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Sketch), 2012.
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(www.marinetraf- fic.com).
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(www.marinetraf- fic.com).
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429-431, 438-439,
438-439, 442-451:
442-451: is
is dedepicting the sea in its possible future form
using the same sources as stated in the
introduction to the sources of the book.
Interviews
Andi Irawan, Head of Economic and Natural
Resources Development Sub Division,
Regional Development Planning
Planning Agency,
Agency,
Riau Island Province.
Cpt. Cheng Hai Lim, MPA.
Ebadach, Rahi, Seafarers Harbourmaster
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www.wikipedia.org
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Acknowledgements
and
Thanks to everybody at the FCL, NUS and
in Singapore who supported
and
supported our work and
helped
helped us along the way.

460
460

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METROPOLITAN
NATURE
The Role of Nature

in the Trinational Metropolis

bir

Luca Bazelli

I-I:'i-'.'.I'II-u-5 Mueiier

11.12

p.-ll.-II

What Remains

lgnored Value
Land Bantu. {pt-15:1

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Ideal of the Garden City

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This document is an intermediary research result. designed for noncommercial use. Do not copy. translate. publish. licence or sell the

material presented in this work without our consent.

@ 2015 Architecture of Territory. ETH Zurich and the authors

D54

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II

Around one hundred and fifty years ago the region of Singapore.

Johor and the Riau Archipelago was almost entirely covered by rain
forest and mangrove wetlands. It was an environment of an enormous
concentration and diversity for countless species of plants and animals. Throughout the XIX and the XX centuries until today. the urban

growth put pressure on open space and on nature in all parts of the

region: in the cities. along the coastline. and on the marine ecosys-

tems. The coastal areas are environmentally most valuable in terms

of biodiversity but at the same time. the pressure to build along the
coastline is the highest.
The value of nature for society and the political practices related to
nature transformation and nature protection in the region seem to be

complex and unclear. Each of the countries uses its own logics and

standards in the relationship to 'nature' and to 'green'; their value for

the city and urban life seems to be still underestimated in comparison


to European cities for ertample. where a more stable relationship to

nature developed over time.

The purpose of the project Ivletropolltan Nature has been to understand and describe the processes of urbanization of nature in the
region. After close examination, the project has identified and described four categories of nature which have emerged in the region's
development: Constructed Nature. Strategic Nature. Protected Nature

and Land Banks. Each of the four categories carries a strategic role for

urban development processes and practices in the region.


The project then proposes methods of working with existing nature
areas that have the potential to lead to a common. transnational vision
for nature areas. This vision is based on establishing new. cross-border ecologies. establishing public access to nature areas and ecologically continuous areas along the coastline.

liai-pumlniluri-I i

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Vvhat
Remains
After John Crawford travelled along the Johor Strait in 1825. he reported about the endless wood of the most magnificent timber. The
area of Singapore. Johor and Riau was covered with jungle. Today. the
three countries of Singapore. Malaysia and Indonesia remain megadiverse' countries. which means that they belong to a group of coun-

tries that harbour the majoriry of the earth's species and are therefore
considered extremely biodiverse.

With over twenty thousand species of flora and fauna. the trinational
region is among the most biod iverse in the world. Yet. what remains
today is only a fraction of what has previously existed. Altered land-

scapes. a sprawling built environment and an increasingly polluted


sea have begun to replace the native biodiversity.

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lllilrili-II-IIIIIIII
I P l ir

unanimou-

-I-linen.-IrIh.F:I"I-I

''I-

&ih-1'01!

.-r''

lhhri

- Klwii 5139"

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Tl h

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I.

.rtq_.._
.

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I

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ma....

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2010

I Hill
L

] an 11.

WI-"I
tors

InI8i1'llJI.wl1onS'4npn-ui'II||dI|1-npqililioiw
dorily1OD0pI-eplI.thliIimdIndiuaI:mu-ui-iahndwueovuedvirltltpirinuy
rIir1IiurII:.IrIoI*1wltIr|iIiItI1r.1:I-mlulrirrl
n-nu-urov.Tiuau-rnasaruuhlanaa
gr:-III:-adundootulri-dI.thalIti'tntonf|
uidovrlltyelmuilhruhnrn

Is.Iiunla.Iu.iIra.i7:ll:t

TI'iIrtyyoar|Iat|r.erilyiuIlot5kin|.porIknaliHl't.I1ItrII11.|Ined'nlI:t.To-Ih'y.lorI=IlI

ri1.|htq:orIy:I.El'IolIlnIiIndII1.lrlaon

l.|:IIthIi12I'ioI"thIorIuI11Iln11InurIovi-II:l-

nunnulnarounduuoouuirnnotihl

tiveIoiliIool$inna|1-armluhornntlihlm

H-nrofu--in-:i-not-v-hinlnt nntn-'-d

bydnlorlunllul-an,nowbuII:iI1poeI'rnru+:Iian

mdluidroelunademnuel-ldutorilylulol
iIi1p'oI1'|r;IoIlorill yennlr!t:|:-II:iII-lino

**'- 199
|:[su
Iaultup

1923

I1-unrecorded. Dnlyrllwueuol original


lllIil.Il'l1"Il'l-'|-II-II I11tIel;.ep|1-nrinnIsil:tI-Il|-

undawunhduumuiiaaaraqran.

5" WW

1'

Ideal of the
Garden City
Managed green. frequent along the city's streets and medians, is
what meet eity dwellers in Singapore see every day. This type ef
greemed nature is far many the mast cemmen. if not the only, expesure to nature.

These kinds of greens are no longer self-generating ecosystems. they

largely depend an human intervention for their maintenance and sur-

vival.

TlIII-Illlrllf ll f lll-1I=I"r

E-'_|1'*l!'_|'.*!'_!_.l.

ldIil|:IHll-IDIIlGl'l'I'

._'?.uItInu_'n-n Ihn I-Iartl-fdggn


Sinnin-urlllrarririrl-slr ellnlrdutin
the-mntlmmauuftlnlmunlnnglruu
itrnnarengularl-pnnmedandnulrntalnld.
Avnlanlthgln-llIiIrIl|:IIntihuuI-rnpI'w1.
harm-en1ETu'ldIDDD.5mlliunuueIuIra
plnn-todlninnusharn.

Tmulu-new-qrpaddu-Hluusm u

I4.I1uu'rding11hIyrI-rl.|uIn-u-b1:bdkatien,

Tl'nG|i1uGndmwI:l:uitin1i?5Ind
spumlllmupukwudtiwudh-Pie
In-n:u"ruanr-Clun1'u.n well-hm-nn TahunIl-I!I~H'UitH:i.Tl'll'BI:|t?l-l:IIrllI-hIId-|:InhInitzdunhuntlnrruahfuairidirclniuenlm
Innllantlia-siplng.
Tlnirnphrmrmdwhnnmhnln
tarn1nln|:nIrkl=un:-:lnuhanpta-:1iun|lI15ln-

EIPDII-Ti3l:Il1;'lihl'5I|lf1IIl'C:l'I|l'Il1ll'IlIllH'
ellttrglrhllninglpuruhnribimdlchr-Id

I'1I.|IrII' hr.

meg.-use

S-innIpusrI'IidII|ul'bI'I1nI-nl-rdlrlcinr
udndimnllnwimraduudbvul-h.m

InuDavnlnprn1u1lBraII~d.rupcu1nibl|furnn-

UIBIIIPI-II.I
Thlnetleeurnillhltyp-s|smruldIIl-nnld
we-u1Iul"n'-thiInh:r|bI:Ia 'liLI-b-Input

Tlwnprnurainta-nlleewnlaleutdtlll

ehlhmnlmpralecu. Thollwrequirutll-9

uinliaulmqiunhmrrluhhh. -nhirnlllhi

-=Il'IHI'IiI'l'l0l.I'l bulllulvn-lllngI.TaudI'ri2E'.'
|:Iuhn1ht'IrI$iIIgIpnrI.mnI:nfwhlI=l1Iuuadlrernthlnlanm.

l |5'|"B-

implurrunutiutdpuhalturunaudirrua

uIh-|np-arlrI|:|:-a-|rIIln'ruIH.Il=lu:l'uIhIh1-5ln-

ir:bnIit|.cI'tIluhufIIr:enIsIru-mdrnuter
I:Il1:hn1n1tImI:Inr'rdirnp-runrtilrl-I1:-llvuxl
mlu:tocllrmtau.11'n-Sitmparnmun m.
nllui-dl:rI.nHh1lIu1rul' Erwiurtnrlnth

1!B91.uuu1raal tl-ullrltfurrrul pluInn~uIlf1'lI|:|bIlIInl:l1:l'rl-


.l'lIlIg"l'II:l:|il
und-uwimrmnulnudu.

l1l|:

l.Irh-'IIu:_nn -:-I "Il"i'K|'p

S-H-huh:-rl

r}

|-'1-I1-:I|:I-c-II_a-1 haunt

runwZahaaan

Botanical Gurdnn
Tu-.~I
Urbnn park
ELI!"

03 km
-I-:-:u|:-I|ri--

High

Jaw:-.r.'s. !3rr.=Ir.r~

The Inluiran Botanical Garden is .nn n-rldili-:iin

to tl'-I1 Siult-in Abu Biker Re-pal F'aln::n-. Imppaiun ulhru nrrly rna-inn designed Lnhnn path

in the region oi.rt=u-do el Singapore


Ju:l-i:lii:ii:rri.I| grn-an space-5 Dli llrlil -Dd
Sirl-

uspvnrra are typically ur-ularl-ned. residual


qrnuin fin-ld-5 lg-r:n'lei:l bilwu-an pall:-he-1 ul urieerc:-atuern Dpeerrunrun exist tor the reinduql grain in be dnuqn-nd Hid l.-11ngratn-dir11eihn missing urban er:-niart.

I-1-I-II-:-I1"-I-Iii:-'r.|II1r.:hr

it-2|

I--th-'iIu:_i-.u -:-l H-my

SH hcrhtrru

1'!

|I'l'|'|I:||:|-it-lllfl hr-Hi."

Enclosed
Land
The water reservoir of Duriangl-tang is enclosed with a long fence and
thus, withdrawn from the neighbourhood. fer, a cutout opening in the
fence leads tothe lake. allowing children to informally use the reservoir as a fishing site.

|:u-In run.-in gt

.-u-gm I3-1.1-H-I.|n,-. -IIIIIITI

En-:l-zi-H-:l.;.I-M1

rs

. ..r-.rI:
nil

pm I

:'

".' .

- 5"-.
--. ll: -H.
_

-r'_.-I_-

;."|

:I.I'.-.I.'._._.'

.. ..

.1"

l.rI:h-III-c_n.rIe ollrrri-tIj;'

Solieino-rI

5"!

|-'-_e11i1_|:I-0-lija-Hl_e1i.Ire

Sungei l.ai:li
Sun-gal Harlpln

ll-lulm ltuning
ne-

Weter rel-erwrr

ii;

51er.l.r.~ii_'r!I!et2*

The 5i.u1g.ei Lncli wile-r I-iuvoir LI one ol 1:!

reeervoirs or B-mm end its 1-.mi:unr.lEI1-p it


lands. Bn'l.arn'| rnuarvo-ire pro-.n|:l-E -enough

water for ill! regron Since the population in

'.-;evpLr.=!_Eai-stlerir

W-Iler reservoir: in Bet-em are oneol thrrlew


places where nature is protected.
Due to |ni:lcrieulIi'= BI..I:I'l-l.'.f'l'l-it nirlcl poetical

poeition. preservation of nature ie more duf-

Etrctuz-u.d1eue2

Indonesian citiet are olten lorono to oml'lil'Ll-I.-I nllen-co around lheir water re-etrrvoirsi
in order to protect thin-11 l'r-nrn illegal i:li.rt11ping of unite and water pollution. another

grwmng rapidity. it Itno-rrqlry d-op-undu on its

cull l:hln in dnrirclo-pa-i:l countriu. lf I place

reason lor putting I l-uno-tr tlnorund the whole

water r~aeouroe1...-I ol the reservoir: are un-

like the Sungei Ledi Fleeervoir with its aur-

der Iho pr-i;\loi;:lio-ri of the gouornnin-:n.l.

roundmg ICI-nIll'.I ll under nature protection.

reservoir ieto protect rt lrone illegal cpnetrt:-ct.ion. l"ll:Mll'|.'Bf. pID|:tl'I- living |1.noeI:q.- lind way:
to Lee the reservoir: etrormelv for lieh-inn
and I'nIirr1rnn'ng

it ie lilteir clue to c-rourmteri-cee that concern


protoolion ol the will-tr nu-Iilnrvoiir from i.I'l;ion

pollution

En-i:lci-II:l-und

l.Itl1-'isr:_naeol'-Ir-nor;

5-sllleisha-I1

|-leirap-t-Ii_a-I In-'ii.InIv

Ls-J: o,l$eryi1i:e

Cnlv a past of the w1::e-rlno-nt II eoo-eeer-il:ile

El-a=5edc-ittitall:nvnLrrIt:erofvisitcra.tlIeitl-iflii: grederserv seem.-I to he urii:l'l.-iiestimaitved hr;


l.h-e res-id-antei. E-cud-e a few shermen. the

Lower Peirce Fteserecir rlit-Irl-e|1'vi5.Il-Ed. U-ne


iuue i:roii'iii::eii'r1:s its lack ol i:.o-i'ii-1aic'l'ion to the
public 'Il:ll"l'.I-IJDIII I-vet!-i'I1.' rt is l:|Il'1l'f' rIeecl'i.sl'.'ilei

by car. The laclr cl srmrii:1a|'ar=ilitiasli|:etcil-

lellsi-aIi'i-I:l-izfltrealao |:ir:is-a:n:Irvoi:l|ei'i1tor this


iI'lllIlZIl"B.

Filth iimltirunithrough the forest paths. on!


has the arnoreeeiori that the Loriiirver Peim-e

Reservoir iaen unpullt. natural lehcirer of


Singapore's oregiriail lll'1-El!uI'_lp-I: however this
IE not the truth. The ground has been modified sothat it can direct as mu-ch rainwater

as possible Into the lakes. t-Ir-arthal-Asst. lhl


nature reserve l:i-one-ta I. rrlch bi-odivisrs-il1_r irnth

over 500 animal species.

l?I.rt.i=.=t_F'_li|.=! i!=.l-its

Breweries. a.

l5.tle.=.l

The Louiiair Peir-i;-I Ra sarvoir is. once! the cid-

The Singapore National Park board deauibns

est reservoir: in Singapore. lt cc-nta-ins rnsn-i


trees that are er-o-iethIn1DD feeds old The

F-e|n:.-e Heaervc-ir as I nature r-eea-ri.-re. Its. valu-

lakes visitors Il'i.ror.iI;|ih lhe I-use-nri:Iir's mature


saaoartdaiv Forest. the Lower Peirce Reser-

the -ell'or'l to I-Jeep the reservoir protected is


|'.rrltTIItll:f out of necessity. E-rrsce 2005. the

ii.-i:-ir consists ol i,'Hl'er-erit zone: of p-i.11:rlii: ai:~

resienro-irh.eel:iie-e1.'i protected wider the Furl:

Pair-i;a Tranl. this forest is 'rrri|i:r:1t-Ill-ll:-vI hi.rt ni:rl

te-i:ter:I to glunranteie snowed writer sup-pl-.r.

Lower Peirce Trent is s srnslil ll-icin-pirsi:li.1net

ceri. lies: to e putt-at road and the Lower

la.ru:.a-ti in Highly |:-rota-otad rriilititrv zones


and golf courses are pan out Ihe 1e-serrvoir

to-o.l-'is11ir1i;|isa.|lcri-red in certain locations.


but. 5-asrnrnetg. i:i.Ec-rfl:iidi:le1'ii.lr1 coerqserieon

icihe elect the whole reservoir. the acces-

siale aiieae use rather I.i11i:i!.l'il-a-eertlt-eiess tho


lly 5-'h I|JI|'.'4 LII-E!

Ih DHl'llIl l INIIIIEF IDH|'.'3'|--

ment as a paeILslly is-:1:-e-ssilsle 1::-i.ibl'it: pla-ca

sitows ho-w various urh-an fiinciia-i1rs can be


combined in e-i.a:h Ion-es.

the Central 'I'-star Catchment of the l.o-war

able location within the ow suggests that

it Trees Act. but prior '[0'll'1It it was oiirv pro

l.u:h-'IIu:_n.n -:-r P-aru-uj;

|-'_-vrlup-0-llja-I In-wan

5IlInIE'I'.|'|'|

Efitlt-Hlill d

11-

Hlnah-I II-I-I:vHn:IoI-In
Il'I:I-2IuIpI.IIII.II1rrIl.Ill|-|ll. "|"9l'|'1 |'.*il J|iHiDI' 5"!!!

Tm-r

Moli1.Iw znne

sun.
47' hI'I'1r
Ancullaultp.

Law

.'_!.'5_!:FE'.':'5:!'15.'5.! E19:-is-r

Er:-=.r_=-. !s_.'!fa.-ln_.r_|i'_a_:.I--.r-ma

H H-Irv 1::-ruin: art and I: Irmmna nu: ma

Thga nrrigi-1.nl-riuqrn wi1I1in this like an tunnel

rand birhuuh wq mmn surrnun-:In:| |:wb-Ir|:I-

wire fa-I1-on and wamn-n nuns Tr-an autau

Large dawn. ham-I bioln-nilzl dw-El I-itr bxrlu-ocina land. fragmantin-n ha-bitnx. ":9-ah-1-na

are curnpluluh lf'.II-|'lt-Id and do nu! hnvu

5-pa-cuts, interrupting the :und1.1r1g-I DI nuIri-

any an-mnnua mm the aurm-und-11 no-nt-an.


Eu-mi 1.hn qnarin-a i.| nnqaul:-ad by burning it:
aatuari-er: -mm '|I|"-E1I'E|'FI'DE'i'IITl-|'I-

enm herween H:-:43-*aturnL. and cumin: uh

1h-I arrn-ad In-r~I.':I-1-. Th-an nrul arl char-H:.*tr-

in1-J an irIl'..I.Iu::nnrva-cu-d was In-aw-ir wuam

n1iu;pn'ti-nr1In4.|tI::. The Caunnuuu built as a

dam. ha: had 111: H-Dl'n nmpa-:1 an the ltd-nu


Slrnrtl.

'|lF'*

Unde ned
Edge
The Johor River and its succeeding forests have been declared as for-

est reserves. protected areas for wildlife, ora and fauna. The Sungei
Eialunltcr forest is one example of an area protected by the Ministry
of Emrironment of Malaysia. Upon visiting the site. it appears that the
edge of the protected area is not marked or maintained. This is po-

tentially why one nds a stone quarry or a depot of metal waste in the
heart of mangrove forest.

lwluquuui-rluihlrnuln
i-II-I-Ialaulldrlll.
ImlI

l'&'..

llu

'

1'-HF

3'

$352.1

Unstable
Protection
ThuIIrIaaIepre|ni'itthIrIl|tlv|l'yinact1'iat1.niIua.

nulruastilhawalf-gwuradruecmnllmandil
cftharnuarron1i1aligrprctectod.Ontl-iumaptwctjrpncf

111oD'i|:hIvn-nIr|:Ic-I-IIaIIaE|mlrcH'i':|In-

unmdlniihuulri

lnlciuclnliii

Ironplcnlluwlnndralnloluutinu-0.!-c111-Ilpr

|1ilIl'II'|l:I'll'|-#'Ii' Ill|ll1-l'H|2|UI*

curnndnula ln-ngiuu hl u
ccrruuniun.Iru1-jam-Id-vduchi-iuucdn
Irunlisnnlriilolnilrnnlinuid

IIlH.InIfI'.l fllEI'.iII.

unu.i::ia;a'otncIedn'iamreateshom1Pah:hashighEyI|pd

wiilwadaapgreanauei aineliona ypi-c1nctad.|,i


pathasarenaI:icnal1r ptolactecl.

1tga'ea:1

""""|'l'|'

1'"

.|_rll:-hill-G_IIlI_|:||'_!II'll_|l:vl_1'

5lIIlII'-tIl'|

J!

|-|-l1:lI:i|)I:I_il_i-_'|-

U|'|-H"-Il'|II-IIIIE-dill!

II

Sieenpertl ttIztuIrIl.i_4,-,rittsre

Fnrlictilrhr Iigni-i:u1.t I Surt-purl Buloh: unu-

eullhr hr"-ah wriehr of bird 11:-eciee. which in-

elude: t'rIqrItr:I1.I IJin:l:|'r~utt1 :5 hr in Sibe-I'r'.I

_-

-.r-'-'
,,,,_.

nn their I'.I'f In At.m'.r.Ili.|. Thilll one-of Ihe

__

31

reasons why Sungei Buloh itunternuicneil-r

protected. The World me: Fund to: N-r-.uu


[WWF] he: handed to trauma the recent

ewra-'n:=-titwu nint protected. The l|'-T'l:Ifi-

uitpertnetulellli-eherill-e-Iiteui15inI;|I
pore it the Internet-anal Union for |.'IonIewalien 11 Hanna [|LIC.'H].

Sunder Buloh
Tree.
Wetiend re-cerue

..,..

.19. km:

-9-=l-l t|:H.-I'll I'l1I'lH:Iii:iI'I. Sungei Buloh hl-I


b-et'.n'.'rI'ne pt:-|:It.tI and Ecui1t:It'rrlt:.e||-r villa-in

Brine-cf?-ore-man

Since Sine-tepore haeenentrelnely mull

IUCH Cnleq-err W

n'r1ut.I11l cl l'IIIL|I'\l' I-re-II left, it is irrtp-e-IIII11

u-tr:-nun-tun-r
20432

lot the ocnmtrvie protect it.

i.-.'-r:eniit-ln-

High

Cr2:1-.6.4.J:'ie_rch:r_fi.sl.I.=|-sr.H_ei.'.It=

Johor Bahru, en the on-pone ooeni-ne.


ptuliu from Singapore: eomeruefion Illllr
theee pro-.-rtle a new into the green loreetn

EIren:it1r1J1rr_E.II:rL|cn_=o_Iw_|i1e. Est!

Cirlcinn rSun-nei Buloh we: tried for Ihrimp


Ind ftth falrr-I. In 1939 the site we: tf-ecllred

i1vrarr_F~*r_11iyrt.Et-inc

In EHEIGII. Sun-uni Buloh was deated II I notunv rel-Irw. II we: ntpantlecl from eighty

u a nature ninth. LI-IEI II1-e arm was redeirIe|-

an-an In -uh-e ht.I1-d-red and '1ilI'{ he-t'.1I:ree.. In

coed into a pad; for wildlife.

the lame veer. the reserve -wee reoopnited

The Uniud Hlltiuns I-'_m.rirI:irrn"ia1'd Pru-

urlrr-rrre eetirnetee tfutthlinp farm-nu caul-

It: I Lita i:IHn1ernetiut1elirr|:-cI'lI'm:e I'D: Ini-

arnonr birds.

ee Ig:t1:iu'-tar:-tirnllely I-qtnrler :1! Han da:|1Iu:i-

The production all newrrueter plan:

tr-cn cl nun-prove Id-I'IrI[3 an Atria [Ham-lion.

in proareee. Much propoeee to en!-er1:e the

the park in rnertnro-re hourdwellt

CcI.rn1r1r:ld-I.

2013]. Thin. it 'tI 1-I.H'|:aI'itI.':nn the! I big part of

renew! and tr: lnteg-Ill it into the Kranji

for it-I hour-inn dwel-oi:-rninin pier-rl-ed II


lhe reclaimed ange Bay area.

E-!i_'*.*!!'i!"_!_.i. 391?!!!

!'''I3".".L'l".;"f._I!|-'_;."'
The urbnli P1.hiFiiir|ri|i.irutlerIhI'nIriI-tli:t:-

1i-tII1o-fIf're|:hrn1'naIuli'Ii:II'It1I'::rI Elritllltl-Ir.
lrlaintdn. 'll1ey'erephreii1i;rIi.n-tftertiieveicpnurllhnlrlwp-Icruvciremloeilttdmerh
tii'neindrutri|lneee,whin:h1ufi1coone::titn
vnvhtollrieeiilri-dlfremnwoueforei.

Ltnualpee-1:le,urhcanrn:'ml,rl'uhu1'rien_

Irnbeitgtle-p-r'iItIdIiirIt:iur\ci:IlIiv 'ru-udThe-rut-laieoiivruretolt-|et1i'iei'reu|lthIh:iireol

Eisdeasdtzsfslu mt

Ti'seEt.nniPt.lei-mrieetheirlioweolboiil

I-Ie'eIIerIntlfreehwItIi'.|:I'ovidinu highla-

eholrnnti-tttlfitrernrunrrrtuelhezone
onftheeenit'Ihi:hehiclou'-rteltivereitir

-btelluofmultiihulhiarrullc eitj-.

1hIFi.ImeIr-urn-enlionvrnforrried Indiacu-Ieli1eiilIrnItiui1-ll Irnpectolwetleridl.

'n.'ilIetll1ereiII1o centrnle9en:nrre-||:onIi-

entinieeueecfeiwederwdatfirouuhioclvi

lain-tleerlftvternareridcltfienrneceeaerv.

ucumer mini-imhttncuuerve m
utdtuwrecmtuidinttnu wiumop

Ane-lumriul-uni-enclc-eetl co-nltli he-tit:


dnitltniidiolieorrrnnnriv-sotlllllnu

et'etlen.'UHE5l2Zllo-rett.ernplee:a-ctr-eratee
uhhli'rIInIndP'-nrlteelnnehiuhinuld
|:iroi:ec1ienIortheelte.

ereemonn duernoetbic-thuneend nr.erient-

ceivedpnotectic-I1.thITIt1iurtn Pehpeeconr

Ihniriterneli-tinelliierneerihtvtr-re-I-Ill-utitin-tir'et~

rrreitcorieeqtr-encedtltfeluetheiollcf
IgI'.1l:II-i:1s.i'I:I11I'tnlhrprir.l11b-'I:l
Lrrie-ue|pecleelniI'hereu'oI1.TheprobIen1

liewiiughilelhcomecudtciireopeneee
illnnron-I-utr.nri|eii:ethe5t.nu|iPulei
tit:hnau:ralheIiI:ui'rIluwpt'id.In1"CH3i3

hr-tdl-d-ecidndtnpnnitndiugjnlncllun
tune.

eItl'r-enroll-Hlonpc-ilercntnuiruhlbitete

|ri'|li.I-nI.n~eeI~abr|facIItheIitIre-

tnit'ur3:ror1wu.ti-uiitetItieriurudeite.TI'ie

bleletheocluervllionolmelit-Iruoiarolt.

Tthudtofcermalouenl rtupnucrrnu-i'u

living r1II|l-Ilrr;vt:I1-11-it:|.iph'I.

Etlnlllet

Inrherreertoli*iitI'noee.ue-erefe-'n'_uul-rretle

leeeittehecit-ered-lte'tf1toreeorte.ettii1tI-=t

rnutuurc-reicretteppeer-ii-eenhleruzli-uh-e
rI1ith1r:I'|theer.IrI:e.e1d'e'Iu-tleireletnlrrml.

fi.neee|trtr:iuectieuntin'emI'etii'i-erfeuelvrle.
Tliecaue-zrctionwcrk-eiueiepicianere
ehtieetobtidenetehtidneeeett-erieu.

lludu-hucflhecet-ureufw-utuihe
retthttaeitiltre-iu'rre|::Iiee'rtir1i:elonetTi-re

reeloreli-erIeI1dIel1i:i|ionol!e1i'n-litmus!-

Iternertnerurueefweeleteeeieeaitreenetv
H'I'l|l 'Ii'II h'|'.aI.l-I..'I. pE'll.Fl'i -l!n'i'|'|-I '

nroeeeineuchepler:eu.etut.nded|erfor-

i|iI'H'H'r lI'|HE|lIl'l'Ill'Iil1"|!II-THIIHII-it

prui.|:=Iie.IIth'edecfeeedIperIeIe.eIhich
LIIl1Ilflll'l|3l'|iU-l'l'1iI'IiilII'lfr|:l'li'i5|:l'l|Ht'i

re-eel:-i'i:ierr|ereg'eeeereueer-rm!-citiy-.5-e
leplflteerehtrelelliepultrtuedevet-ererhd
Ifl-eleckoftemletiuele-eoneertieuvnele

Etateith l

I-'-eeroftfneneeleiteedelleeirlif-erenionli
B-Itetniieelnt'iull'ietee-eIlirIeuI'i!iereh'rI:rtlieu'eh-retidlilneedfetcoenei-eeiieuiere
et1heitIrfdeeeI.Eceteneniceih-eidtleeitee

elcrrcthecue-teieh-eiielraicreceiue

tercuciic-rt.
Ti'1euI:!eI1IIIer!."eeItIemI'|erIeieI:Iiiqtprcebeehedeheeleeortueeeleuiduv
uleee.

rtumeeeeruumntheriuee.
Peophh nunheuudnlhrrneere on
he-cII.le-:IfiebeeerllfI.Ileer1tI1,roeeet.teltfd1

hadonoeheutelcuanlleimreer-tdeetremieut

n:e:e.Te-tle1,rIl'reeoItiei:relie|utliei:'eiepe-tl

teeneuit:etIreorir:IuimI|ticcto:liienep-trreeEier-rtceeielet-icI.i'i-rettuiiett-ertrtrli.'irre
cineelieeienmitrltllrecldtoirn-eeeoletlho
Iedeeeeapingthehrttlheereecnamdeelf
ctei.eeee.

'!'?l5ll'l"'E"!.'.'..""."!"!"il'

5""""9'""

'

'V""""""""'

'5

ignored
Value
The Sungei Tebrau on the coast of Johor Bahru still maintains a few
patches of its natural coastline.
The master plan of Johor Bahru's future development shows that the
entire coastline will be reclaimed. developed or altered in the near
future.

"'
_

PHI

sane;

HF

*1

'..'!E!lE!!.!!'_'!

FINN

EIieci.inlI'iuHc-dlvenltvh|eple:eII.erIut.e1d-

tnuitldceepre-c:e:lI'ri:eeveteee'Ierv'Ilf-arr.

lng;vet.iIee-errudltererdeehvelepetiee
heveI.I\IiverletiI:lrInelIIhiE~te1'.piIlele'rtt.

elrrnrlrtehle-rIverit5r.F'toIeeIlngtheh1
|'.IIiI:heeufnI1dt|reerIeI1IireJ:IirIx3tI'eltI

edorounecuiuemnmqnmunb

heeplteneruntoffuhitudemtnimerul
me- 'ioItltI1.etlvenlt\rolrtIet'heeI1-tlhretl

lliehullptupnl.

'lItiaal1I1d.Qll!.tI|.l:Ietll!ae

Tiueffemrlllnllelevialeceeeeltrreieet

Iutehheet1rinudenelopnIu-n.I'et.therr-.ueIlerplen.updeledit121iiM.itoeretht1fre

te:llD'|i'.ilren'iehedieclItedftorn!l'ie1Il-

reeldttuderbdrethvelnpedwflireeitlerllel

I:er=rr|ei.e1peintheu'tvof.i-tif1eIr'BuIl'e'u.Frior
ntit.e-itlir'ruurhenleellntit1.ln2i1ii!.1l're.|eleu:t

pceemnierepoeiioneduulturrpmpempi
Meieweeer1ewe-toutitndeetlneIlen1ioeiIeitfleinfiprainreeiderletnprtfrern

leeneetpert-of'Il'Ie3urenllrHnrurhI'er1eIh-e
ht.e'lt|lnneentl=r:cenrteere'llpr~e-peril-ee.

Tl'*|F|f'lIl|'lII5i:iI3ed'I.wfrrI-etIeeehP'

hnnat-retreeoludir-tlrenicuducti-on

wut heepoitlrt-eeupte-eltdepreeu'ui'tu:

Iltiereneelrirtuhiodleeeehv.

EE

"UHF"

HERA!!!

lF|""""""'

l'I'lt"|i|e-

Dteelpltelve-celiaetb-etteIer1t.l1etIItn'teel+

tiring-1tHf!r-eli|i'iI:ItrIetI.Ire.Btl'ImTel:rI'I.I

.-

at. E.
.

i.es.lr.ei.EI|mm.%inr

Ti*IeH:enI:lerl:e-triceeliflettireunlerlletlitv

'

.'

-'1"-'-'

1.7-5

'1 .1

'I,'

-131

_j-=.__ ' ,

F.

-"-

'-'

Ihmvelut

leleleathleunrperlernoeeeouerorric

llD.A:ilereepei1n"He!erIIehItltIIeirttfee

nrutelhIlnrllIIieHrmporeeovent|evdop-

lrvepaele'Itl'ie|:-rete:litintrf1henel1.e'elen-

tfeetliettltieeienaleelerneelt-erleonlir

.ltirutE-lIurepictt.Ee-uettluunoritn

vh'oue'or-1L'eI.t1'refue:.ne|:Ierv:e:':-:popeeiecIftI'tel|l|!ir|tti:tr-nceeeeenloletenrceeicf

theln1pnI1eI'Ioeutiee'ireI'IIIee1l |m:laeI:liI:n

endmuui;etnenL'I'l1e|lIDAe-uethruilprth
tlietllte-roennothentleiheepeetlcfuoteih
enutltleeeloeirrr-errt.:1l'rtn.Ihee'IeIr:eI:er:lu:
rrrelte-I1'I-iI:i!IIeoIi:utl'letIiIon1etJt1'r

teuhleleltlirtelneenvber-v'ruetrtIlporncettI
iM.I-lI|$I:I:Iil1l

n1entirttrun:nuet.ti'repetoui-vednrlpbeeueri

I-Iieeveenenoifuernuutreoentrncat-ieot.
tldlhlhll-
'l'|I IhIlIlII..1IlHIT

rI:I.leplIeI'Ied1:IereIelItI-llIe'l1ei.reetInv.n-

gap-eee.E-lm'eIe:l.!Ieuer:-tit-reequeteee
dechetffIenoeihemdhnteeeeft.m.eet|eeelopm-entarune.

lecfgreei:hIereetIcdetIl-epei-eeredirreee-

__

'

.,.'Ii.-

~
.

l:Ire.'|.'-reentieI1IEI'r.IIIeneleet1ppe:ie-ct

tiull|evu'efetutelonu'Il'ieriver.premotee

l'tIepuImetilneihlltieu'evlrulnterte-

"*.. . .'*;'.'. *':.".';.:.f*:.r'. f;'.'t.:. **..':'.

reetlvphutodevdcpieeenieutereee

'

''-F'*

352.;

lF|'''''"'''''

5''

E.eiilein!|.hlntttne

anerelrieuentlernunbercfpueueneheme
he-enIIltiuplet:IlnBeIInclt1I.Teritlu

Lknereiereerueoot-uetfiedemehp

rtIeI'IeLIi'hteI'elIrouui'IepeIi'I:e1lo-recur
I-ieell-rev-Ihueeidasziethertleneeeel-ab
Ilurlcelirirnpertenl.

ase5I_I-Ive

'lleechvewhenlH'Ii'u'eIetltevlIe:|eeceIr
iivrelinutnfereou-ei:i:.irrIrefevrI'eeitleI'e:.etl
eerrteIvirvqeefhl'iretenI1.HomIl'tetne|t
l'l'lI'|:I'liilI'IDiI1l1iirh't|l'IiIliI!li'iIIl.llf'llIiI-

eI.iei:1r.tutllleht|tnrg.t.orutrr1ferrrI.|l:-ilteien
r:etftertIru'I:Ireeeeidthtetioenfeeitltiee
1eItertr.lItvlIIeelIorrIItieiIh'e|e|en1ilthocettmltftnn.

TII'ilipL|rriele1l1-eiliueetmdtrnlthetlfitim

'IIie'I4:l:II:'lIIl1II'|:Il'i-'It1lr.eeui.lt'ieeleeu|.c|un-

ttueiootl-pouetrmenteur.rrr-ediutF::-i,|raruu

Ingduvleguteletilqnmweenul

tnenelleueltrutveelii-Elernl'JlnI'.lIterIl:Ire.
lJIrIhee|leeHneintllpeme.Ie-cmrre.ri-

iiuenddederedreveueteculeeherr

IIneIJlelreeI.Illl.lhee-eelhpeeetibe

at-edfton1l1'Iep1eI'neollheBeInlrei.iIIie1

Dee eettnuttiltllaerltmvthiclttteett-eeetlee
ue1heIlIeftrrhce.tneetetIe.

eriI'tt.irel|amt|erlrdph'rederolei1|Ieeervleue-IItle|epeuIettr-aeI:e-epl.u-eoceenmo-

deteoeveheon'ei:'rt.

9'|""l"'

5"

Tieele-p-:uliIei'.'iIe-en

The Logic
of the Green
After analysing the present condition. certain organizational logics of
nature in the trinational city are identifiable.
Each country has its own logic for each of the presented typologies

of nature and green. Factors that affect each countnr's management

of these areas include: wealth. the amount of land available. population. and its relationship to neighbouring countries. Time is also an
important factor. Part of the areas of our category Land Banks used
to be protected fortv veers ago; some of the areas of Constructed
Nature used to be primarv forests.

-I

-R.

I-rlleqeireeliuwe-Isl
3-lrtvneporne-the-:

I-nerd
Ilillevlleople-eerie D-IDIII.
IuIrlIIl:Ir_1r-nnepore

I'

I-Bel

'l-'IIIIr%1IlH

teeamnamte:

I-I-en

IITJ.&il

7"""""' WV-

am

ltotttuen-e:t.ei.ti.ian

&oea'Iaor_e.ral~_lrm1

ilu
i

l'fII'eereoi'-lvpoifceuIeIeen:ir-opulaillc

pet'IeltIIHIrti.'n|ll=I'reeet1u-lileridlifdt

he-uuuwuekhiwddtewhpeo
-weplihelhdeettr ooeerblupelhd

(1

Ip%eI

rs.)

I.

|--..fH-.'.'L

Cenlnecte-tII'leti.I'e

j an

sw-=---

Ptetertteel elue

. 5_.;1',

Lu-damn

I are

..1E

Ill-I

iii:

Iljid

llli hllhi

I'|d-eelehetnheellnte
nihl

eialeererenrtel-reeuuntioelwlnoiu-net-eelv
iuriiicertl iecetior-refct-tfi-eolty.
Clceetnuudtvcerere ureuonuv
fewer-tetrlelc-neelitleieeeretnelnlruil-ml
eomlheeeepeierlieitobeprolerteed.

mhal

.4 ~~..e~
2- -*~..,,}

Hug

*-v

lf

IIeeHuI:l.F'rntet:Iet:|rIirtiea'euererkrI:ttvedeertoterhtlielinediheieh-eeedteieuoer

Ilelertelh-rllue

f.r~.__

__.-L

-.;

I
I _ _.--""'

Mill-ten:

ir

|r.-.1.

J.

-"
_ _ - .-

"

-I

I.

-I

ile|:hre'IeeInItI.e'eIt'|grlnr1-eneeeeeitllaiecr
Belvuuectdvtthefiotemlcff-utiuiuudru

mereu:|enlIcoeIeee..Bh::eIhee'evhIa-=et-

.-

'IIiilIIIlIIIfI'l-lhIId'Il

i.lIHriIH1II'Ilf#

cure:-nu

reerereelr-elenotneoeeeetv.

Ftllirn-rn.neideul'lfieI:i11t.lInereeete

pruheoeedneureeurlheluueliieell-Id

lretupeiern:rtepIehIunlcI'.leI'nr.

E.

Kl

Cel ltlteed ufl


Eeetetielhen

loo 1'.
I see

P .'ItlI:IlI!ll'lInte

- 551

Lentlenlne

I I at

.I'l3'l-I

Iee

lIeeluhpI'neIlelII'IIrI
&nI'I'l:H 'II

teen

letethu-ellelqelen

Kllilliall il

me

I-elrieudine

iI'I'!-I:l=II-rill,

lihreh-r
I':r1IIeIetIIetteIIDI'lB

see:

Ilillllhlllpehdenei

l'leerIeerietrietivrtett.e'i|:eIcIieeter1'eIln-

irunietctuwurltliecitvoeiwire.-rieol-retracing
l're|treeei.Ie-olftineetleveietterret-rte.

-JKHI1

awe

Pi-neon

Tliereeretrurnrpuhlcperte-h hinnen-are
uu:IIl-rernui'eerefg:ill-m:e'miteorrq:er'i-

ecneelhereetdlheredenlecumpuelvelv

tow.
llreterreeetu-tine-eeltot-Ive-rtnlph
ett-elegf-cletpeehi-teeftreIlIIehrttl.Ic.eepure

_,-_...-'-

5*1:... If

at-

ltIhe|ninIIdnoe.l'ltereeI'iI:ieereIIIi:tr
I3

curumutedtntue

L1:

acne

aeeteeiuliltrt-.-re

-use

-cane

I15

| iam-

Prete-trledlllue

Iran-

H
Illflfjm

Iilnteete-etve

il-I
Xi
FH1l&HI'eII'j

Iceleerelenepere

IN!
Iiii
jll

eltleiee-etetetelelu

1
Eu-iii

nlleeeeertilteli-Fhlt

proeeeteduetIne|lIur1develuopmIl'neifoetedlittltelrrirudmiv.

the-euereulvenvp-etentedenenln

Elem-tire..eli.1etveiiiten:ihet|reee|'I.Ie.'|'lee

rtelur-ellefteve-relteeenetelhei-durtelelae.
errdoentrefo-ui'u:lir1thirI:t:etclieeelcrna'tIi-u
eeeu.

l.II:|'I-'ieu:_ruIe of -'-emloljg

5-eelephon

Id-

|-'-errlop-0-li_r-I ieewlv

III'|'|"Di-lIlll'l|'I Pent-

Metropolitan
Parks
Our proposal aims to rethink the value of existing green and open for
the general public and their possible modifications. conservation and
protection. All propositions aim to improve living quality and environmental well-being in the region. Parks need to be well distributed

throughout the region. Nature with strategic or infrastructural uses


should also be opened to the public. Natural areas outside the metropolitan oore should be accessible. The remaining natural coastline

should be preserved and reinterpreted. not onlv as border between

water and land. but also as contact between nature and city.

I'h:I1It-eqf

n1l\:iInug-pliien

pi--i_ rta-seas.-d
lI3IIII'IH'fi

iJdoan
Parks
Thourten Parksarslocaiedln rorrroiropclltancorennd
eopenraaptbcgreenaiidopenqaaoaairita emdindie
uib.aneetIira.BaifIaofvarisbIaar.aa.ifIeuibaipartstake
nduaiugacfureaioortmioedeaotsifircuototrtdiorarv.

Lake
Parks
Fcnhe reel:|erIl;e.IhimportaI1ttoh.evee-piuit within

wilting tetenoecr eeelivecceeeilall be puleliculieport.

Iilehueeeeteectlrveorpeeehurecteetlonhthedalvclv
llfe.whld1mea'ieutopen
elde.pleygtu:rdI.epcttfeclllIieeendcefeeetepartcflhepatlfeprogrent.

Tlielalie:i:r5eeetepattofil're1ereIiIu'reeeI'voiethtoui;hcut
ihen1|tropoItenregiicna'idqJpeIIeletgepatcheeof
eti'aIegiceIvptcItectedneua'emoeilveunot.ndedbvreeldettllelueaesieceiheyourtdlttliieforeetietnc-tliietlfor
lltrItlonofwater.anhterieJveelterrretlveuteisnotoonoelvebh.

lr|etead.t1'teptopotrelIr1u'odi.I:eeLn'henpar|rea|crtgIlte
ei'|oteof1heleiteeI1doorneui:tepall'ieIfe=oughlfieforeetIic
ti'iecltv.1l'eJe.1i1eialteeltieeaerveaeIccelreoreetlonI'eee
lnti'iemetropoliII1reglon.Bealceetvice|ettdedvInced
pubilclteriaportelicnerepraovldedpcttei rehltligcr
Iiahhg eat well eepuhlic eventeand educetlcneiproi-ecte
arepartoiflheprogrern.

Elli

15km
331:1:-F

liutu-in

urine.
uh

-eul-up

..~.'1.... {D

Second
Coastline

Great

Ciutdoors
Tlielirell lmdnstlriflrstudeeefuelngllsheehlfle

propoeeiiplerr.iiiet-.rrliI'aerieteleree'eofptiahceetf11itee
etlltee-tigeofIhertie1ropoliu'icceeenddo].|IIicel:iil're

plclure.ofwilti.
ebheeeweeltettddelthicnitddtiutedukemhioti
Irifrutrucon.

IlllInltercIiIerIg_I't_itlr:"eIt|t,-gt|lt|e:l_t:e' triguitletl. atria

TlieS_e:oottdl'JoeellI'ieoonIlete_of:li'eeteenenl_Illefeoint'

tlteliievrlterell-re lentlrneeltlithe-ell. br.'n'tl1et'e1he.b_uilt

liIi'lruI'itloIl1iI'ei;IflrIIieeIeoIeredmtlooretecI_edto_I
puetileovei1Iinltt'eteI_rh1elrItnputg.EidtIceIIcneIentlettvetiIe'rietiproh':l:eIleol'telpbcuprteI_'veilIen;efu.I:dl|d

peu'etlheedgeofeechcltv.cftehfechgtenelulb-cue

-oputeineouerienenefltincctidoneeirin ureeh

ueuernrouri;iuuniuaiaevumn.aimIniur:riaig.rtgrit

'

'

'|:weeeI.Ie.ThepropeeelirrtetirethhIttl'ueee
rIverrriouIltnete1errhtieItn"cfiIteece.uic-oeetIne.l'lee:-

Irmrtoil'ieuteIe.TltaSeoondoaati'iIltehpreeeee_Iuirrg _
ctreiuhenchlechindeoclurrpei-ecluectucfeu

'ofiherrtiIIopcItl1.cotie;T1tetvliIcceeliineletIclot1get

iicuecltcteeriridtctl-menu.

.iIlbarIr!!=lIhlI:d.e=|Ieiot-hiulirilluideeiil

Iiuuuein-uni
n unannouncIeeeeceu
H
Ljljl
ii
I
1&3
l_i2uee-

m
I?

hi

mii
neneeedheehpeeuiixlnthbll

PI-IHIII-.-'1fif!|I'Ii=.||"l.'I"-"'3!|""ll*i""
"
-reet.le1lt.e1l1er'_ hind" nietirettipe-etl.j

iiIetl:ee_e.efIhe_:

-ItJi_etooriiflIIIirefte*eeniteditlieitL\vhitIi
ottlieoiiettiteuielreetesthuundt-iiu

-ureeI1'eIeeI.lInieirl-el-ee_f:eheeeIIIiIe1-ui

huirut:iu.e-mniuirungrnr.-iniiaauuus

cpreereehrbee.-brnieevtueliterreeel

,q'u_ueyur~eg_neeuemhurgg.u.nu,

enqwuotiorroitiupueeuerueatidpe
irIetee_tfefedi'nfe|iIu|Ie-eI:iIereeI:eIl_Ie

Sources
Metropolitan Mature

Devieun.i3..Lee.B..T-1. Fl!.17llJ'|3}.'I|'id'Si1-

Eie-rt.'lJ.L...iilun. H..frlnu..I'.-. L.fil'_I.Tl'ie


nce:t:lEmii-cnrneoIelProFleclaii-ig:-

Frirl*LIILi3elIIIhd.l!{2.5'DID'E].-Enl1efi\tIl'rD r
Ci-eeeBcrderMeu1eiaerrienror'l~letteeTllleeeui-cee:Eiq':ieeiertceefroi1-i:e5Dt3.rll'I.':
8IIerrTrIrIebeurir:iervPrc.iecte.."l'.Hl|'Cl2C|DE.BerruSeiuAgencyrorDeue|ap-

terrIeli:rIef'f3errterforl.Iiui1pu|-t|Irdfo.lieeourceeilrlmqemeet.
'l'ee.Ji.1.|f..At-ig,HitF..T-I-ta.fl-..iJeer.5.|l'.
TeI1..H.i.'i|f.:[1"lil1l3].lli-eFreeei'btE:I1.e-rintol
Heritrou-eFoteeulr15i-ig:pore.rhrtre.i'i

gepore.CecIord:lnhnBeeLrftu'Pul:IlehirIt|.

rne-i1tervitII'..oc|i-eraliutm.

liirltI:H.1ZlEd.]-lillil-Sihpltlirerclr el
Ciit1rIoriiier1ii:IlGa'eer1..Pirehi:le-ctt.e'etUri:Ienlen'-Hepetirle.

Ten.I.5.fEd-l.{2l3t25.-C'erie-iiodeeutoJrleriiiesohaceteccirrteunicr-euevoihore
oeletvelfnpfreereelfreeeerohon
l.

Johrt'e.idum'. $inppcn:Nulcituluro'uueitvol'5irI-nape-r-el
'Ilf:lIer.F.-i7tlIlJIl.Lericle=epePIuIei-i:ri':t'-i=-pepcre.5lnoe_nore-.Metlc-iee.l Llniveteitvof
inpepote.
1I.I'li-cite

i'.i-c-it.i1.{f.GIlJEi.Drlenei:ernerItertdlilcevoringfeeoretltnf onenvatimein
n
Portof5|i'ir:ep-ore.F'IItoe-edirimofth-I

nttilrsterrreliuulcnrelllieefe-rrripoehI'rL
11t3Ili2-till.
Hunt. 'lf.l.?lii1.-'lZlIl.Ils.Ifttlell-el-'erlelrIen. olgerrieeInrlecliel'4elz'e~erltetI'iitIdeerntittre:iecl1et.eenetn:IttureneitDIetern1Inerrtentf-erwlriecii-Ifiie'chenE.rItwlcltiilIa
ii'i'tiritlIi'|-e'titrI'r-eltinieelt:l'r...|-|ireI'

.Ier'tecfviitfiZv'ir:ttiogolieurivtl'So.tie#:Ihe1r-

our-hoh.52i2i.rs5-m

l.uilf....{213l2.l.Goiuerutictr$uItegieefct'

Enchrlnere-t|I'c'|enuroeeS-e'errI|:IFoIeI:ern

lpieieveie.PeIuleten.lourr-ierolietetiitil-I.
21'-35.
l'|e:1'i.ifl..i|l...i-leeen.fri.ill..t2l}I!iBJ.Tr;rirtIrtI
Sitrnnitnlaie euelopuriuefthetutiteioe
eIfEnvlronrtieI'tulPoii-c5rli1i-iele'vele.Mentte'el'Rntr~:rrotne.FI::ttI-rI.3lIi(il.3i'~!'.r-ill.
RtnlilLLudin.i|r..H.lil.l1ll'.'lI!iIl!l.E-velueti-on
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Thle-Ern;,i1.vl3crre,LH'_1_,Reu..5..li.,Betned.$.|t..i'3erv-eciot H..'Ebenrle.Irl.Il'..'..
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p-tire.h'.'.'l'..Il.li'bll'et:lir1fc-eflliu:-tiur1I21, le-

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titeezt

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pldi-: |7leel:feg.C. S..|...Tni'1. T. I1.Ghor.I.LH.
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interpreted land Lleeftnlll. HlullII|l'I'l.lIul
I.|te.r|h'Melevie.
Shoreline l-lenege-rI1eIItPtenl1'iJ'1l'}. Blueprint

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wutendivelte-tlueelorigtl-ievrev.E~pectel

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Fecultvuf uilt Enviirer1n'ienLLInivet'eitv
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lirl:-hiten'.'tI.Ire or Territory
ETH Zurich

Ff.-I. Future Cities Lel.-eietonr

See Realm
Eingepore. fntlornnie. Heieyeia

Project 1

eet. Prof. Hnloe Topalovic


Hers: l-Ior-rig

Stefenie Klein:-in

CULTIVATED
'1'

1|

'f__ -'i_
'
p

=_ '_ I _

J '_'

'
-

Fishing and Aquaculture in the


Metropolitan Region

bir

Si-rntzne ill-dial

Arum-ltetherne i.'.ehl'er

p.12

p.5D

Territorial Logic

Ao uaculture as

of the Productive Sea


Fishing Borders {|:i.1Ill
Exploitation of Fish Stocks {p.1Ei]I

Water Quality - Fishing next to industry [p.tEt]Cross-iiordar Economies lp.it'.il

p.1'4

Fishing as a Diverse Culture


Mapping the Fishing Grounds l_p_2E-.'I

Sniail-5-i:ale Traditional Flshing i|.'J-.23}

Production and Escape


Mapping the Aquaculture tp.52}
Sea-Based Fish Farms {p.54}
Land-Erased Fish Farmsip.5E:i

Escaping the Bit-ii for Fish Faimslp.6Cil

I156

Production
meets Diversity

Fteei Fishing ii:i.s2i

lteiorigs - Traditional Lsirge-Scale Fishing lp.3i-

Commarclsi Fishing lp.42II


Ftooreatloriai Fishing lp.-ilil

p.?2

Urban Fishing
Potential for Lirban Fish Production and Recreation lpji
Integration ofcoastal Itairipurigs Into Urban Fabric {=p.&2,'i
Connecting Tourism arid 5-ea Gultiee lp-.6.-ii}

This document is an intermediary research result. designed for non-

commercial use. Do not com. translate, publish. licence or sell the

material presented in this work without our consent.

to EDIE: Architecture of Territory. ETH Zurich and the authors

-litlihlll-G_|'lie|l of Henri-tujy

5'lInIE'I'.l'|'|

o.r_iryn-so su

lnin'IchptrI-rH'-

The first people to inhabit the Singapore. Johor and Riau Archipel-

ago were nomadic fishermen who lived on the sea for months at a
time, following the monsoon seasons. Today. traditional fishing can
still be found in the remoter areas of the archipelago. it remains an
important source for the region's food production. and it is increasingly seen as part of the region's leisure landscape.

The region's urban growth stands at odds with the traditional fishing communities. through the expansion of petrochemical indus-

tries. shipping facilities. ports and construction along the coastlines. underwater dredging and land reclamation destroy marine
habitats and roofs. industrial waste and runoff water are sources of
serious marine pollution that render fishing and aquaculture in the
region undesirable and even hazardous.
Apart from the environmental challenges for the seafood production in the region. Singapore imports 95% of its food and its fish
from all over the world. The remaining areas of traditional fishing
culture are increasingly hard to discover in the metropolis and
mostly invisible to the city dweller.

The proiect challenges the dissociation with the once main source

etehi

I -it-'IJ'tI'i

l nninnl
F-nei-I'l

of livelihood of the region. The analysis of the region's fishing cultures and aquaculture production shows that Singapore. Johor and
Riau Archipelago could be self-sufficient in its seafood production.
This vision of a shared trinational sea space as space for production speaks in favor of supporting the region's traditional and local
economy. Along these lines. three cultivation strategies have been
developed in the project: Urban fish farms in close proximity to
the cities. especially Singapore; instead of disappearing. the traditional kampungs on the shoreline should be integrated into the
urban fabric in Batam and Johor: and lastly the accessibility to tourists of remote fishing communities in the archipelago should be

created in a |owinvasive and sensitive way.


The project also tries to create a connection between the urban life
and the fishing culture: fishing should be seen as part of identity
and cultural heritage of the cross-border metropolis.

I.-.-l-inn.-_|i.ue nl er-rIr_~r_u

u ilji-It

'i:t

C"-l|I'II|'II|!l 5-l

Territorial Logic
ofthe
Productive Sea

Although it has little water area. Singapore is surrounded by two of

the world's largest and most abundant fisheries. As one of the world's
largest archipelagoes. Singapore's southern neighbour, Indonesia. has
more see then land. For centuries. there was no strict maritime border

between Singapore. Malaysia and Indonesia. and fishermen could

navigate freely. In TEITS. Singapore and lndonesia agreed on a fixed


maritime boundary. Crossing the border. to fish or navigate. requires

a Singapore-issued license. The rigid enforcement of this policy has

forced the local fishermen to adapt their routines. Unfortunately. this

border does not impede environmental issues such as overfishing

and pollution. All of the nations are equally affected.

'liIuIi-qfiing she :1-t..'l1IiI


tel. I:-:-eel hrlle-I

l'i|"'.l".i't#": DIE! If|l'll'lII 'r-:-.1.iI:-=--rSei-

'?L'i|!.'.".l!".'l'

5'" ""|"""

Tlltr lillll Ilftfelltil

tvlti-ill

Fishing

l.l:!l:lli:lI.JtHs'i.'1'tts
llrlctheedlleheilrllluu

Borders

Hfuhl

|'|IlIhII'I'e-rIelItIMe

In 1913. Shgapore endlridorleshsignied an agreement

aboirtasi3'ictmsrlti11eborderbet'weenbothnatiotie.Prior
totHs.poopIaLrsedtotIede.flsh.andtrai'i=spongoods

betvreeniherietionsivlthoutestrictb-crdet.Slricei9T3-.
crotslrigiheieordetfrombothsideehssirnolvedameriber

ofob-stecles. i:ross'I'igthe-cords: nowsdeysisonlyaloleed


wlthalicetise.

Ieetepeu

'1!
.i\.

rluepo-re

I
ill:

_ uni:-since:

HI-tlrreleirlrtlle

NFHW

l
eicrerismtmtvaorl "

Siigepc-re heeeetritrtrri-erItIrn' el:-orderwith

bi-t|orreel1eridIiHeysle.AIieherynrey:one
leefweenlieyeieerrdlndoneieeruee
the'llehet-menfroittlr-othnetlonetooronthe
lraerirl-Illrteeritirhecerteintletetioe

Becatrseofti'ielargeseaareeslnMaieystaaridtritlorie-

sta.itis4:i'ict ttomonltci'ti'rewholslsrigtticfthernsrltine

border. instead. Malaysia and Indonesia haveeiaroedtoa


geyfnsl'raty:ioi1e.Tlileditnvsfisii-ermeiifronrlrictftsiitlesto
fitiha-tic-sstiiierrreritlrtie borderlnaoertainarea.

-"r.'l!L'!!.';!'I!'

TItt" t'Ul$ u

IT

Exploitation of
the Fish Stocks
U'iFBt' 5'-l'illt- has
lricrtusedinrecerityoersdireto largesoirie corrimerctal vessels enterkig the region. rnstriy front
the South Chi'iaSea.Theseshlpsare cueableof shing

stand their deperidericyon lleh stooltenddo not otierfiirh.

large veseeislsirnpeded bythe sl:teofthtrar-ca. Thetradl-

Sirigapcro.di.ie itsioweh production. heir eari lndlrecteffocton ovetflshlng.

In deeper and deeper waters. Fishing regulation ofthrxre

tional fisltetrnenot .lol'Iot ltd Riau Archipelago fish using

srndlvecsele orilysornego tiodeeperwaters. Thiryuno'ertlehdrrrreirer

ill-l'l'I'.ITlHTl'IlHEX-ll'KN'llIl2'DDlll-B

about the fish stocks and supports prudent ernl-ll-scete fish-

.-1'1!-|'-il|ltHI'

lrrg and other fish siliocit-friendly practices litre aquactritrae.

I---'l'I'il"I'|'|I'i'
'_-ttildlr r

'H'I'lil"fHi'I'I'DII'l%llI'l|'III-'lHIE'W1

Eem

'.it.

I-'!-i : -u"-

i"

is"-

Tfreurteeituwofldpopialetionheeew-nter

lnedclitrorr

tIieeeeieI:ielrigoeei-rieraee'liedu'rd-enpIitii.er:l.|'lIleleedetioedeoreeeeol'theeverIne
egeuiideiaeol toetiglrt.

tPileltrceeeeieddem.eni:lh.n'4etIinytJ-iedeeet-

detrIendliotpnrteln.Tonreettl'ietl-errrnnvrl.

mi-on-.i.inrnrmiur:I::t

Ilrrl-IIE

Ereu hi

d m

llilhri

in addition. the goverrrrtientof Singapore isooncerned

tire-.1n=vrlriupopI.r1HIort.tl'Ie

dern-endforI'iehpetoe|riteierieIrg.l-lone!
or:-irnieinreoilurenvithtfrep-ervoerrteiiefrorr-i

uuorp*neernetho-derei-neinngteityouitIll.

Alluophmoetcl mreneii uertut


orlei'fif-ie-d'iIetIttl'iereglon.tirefr.rt::'e
otin-cet-ieitityI:eti'uect'ieirioe.lilceeleri-,ieItrlrinr.iIirneele.pr'InerlIirfror1'i.letiener'Ir:llr'ei-I.

ereiltegeliynetrirrgiitIheExra.nlveEooisu'n
iolorreorterrilorielreetereotirlel-eylle end
rridor-ape. Tltntie-ei:lernmentet' ntpeoton
rhetieheliocit.

TITIMH1
Elrlh l-E- HrDt'EIIIt'tl1EI'I
l-Illrll
...-.-..... -__-.. -.. -..--.-. .-, .-. .-. .-. .-, .-._..- ..- ..- .__-.- .__-.- ..--_, .-. .-. .-. .-, .-. .-_.'..,_ ..... -.. -.--.

-I

ll

3IilrIeH

I_e.I-e.

IH-Ill

'

Water Quality Fishing next to Industry


Ow: E0 patent of marina pnlluiion 4:urnIs from lands
based Iuvilas. lndlm and when runalf. aiungrwtlh
r::heni:al and bbbghal wma from aqua- Ind ayictll-I.
cream: I mm-n cf poliutod water amund Ihu major chins.

This I: upedalr nun In Iho Johor Strait. w|1:am1:l1a water


cA.lr-ant Inna slaw tonal!-rift: rurrucumirg frum5lngqaamand nauthltn Malaysia. This niuululn DD-DI Hate!

qI.Lal1nr. The wave! iasldl o-In-a-ding uuntaimr I-hlp-I aftln


cumarfmrna difflrlrrlticnt-(stern. and rulanaslru It lntnlhb
localanvkonmom cm ha'n'l'dIifl1'lIBi'1ta|-iOt:tE. linguis-

lfatrsatld l'l'IDl'1IiN|ill'l uf shipping Irafr: ti'Imughd'Ii Singi-

pnretrait haapamtai pouuun qun Inw.|'hemnger


curmnt hi the Slngqnme Strait rain: tho water quafmr
3-I'.'rLlIih of the Hard.

fill!-ii-$11-.

uhlhlmshzr

Clurruluam-i dadli u arnuumnbnn


lb-Iwuturqulily-i1nrIginn.hluIrudiun
taduud-nunltuthiruulmflauunltunn

miitlhhirpa-nd ll hiiin i lii


itduurlnl and uh-In lmptct of Slnulp-an.
Jnhurlllrulrnduli-ulrdipuh-noun!
cnnHm|Itdip-n|l1pouunu aaai.lar1i-

Enlmuuhlnn-Innmdmmuludtmdc

chunlnai-Hun-Ihntrnriuwu1:ur.1l1i.wIi
cmunwhnnlulhrulmhdhwlnr

tnluIu'Irudiuwuum.It1.L

3c'!L'!!.!'!!'

TllI" l'UIrlt$ Iflhlll-ll


iil

E-?F!'!'|'E*:|'.'.'W..'|"."!"!.l'

5" "WW

31'"

Tllrhlflllt- n Il?1lI-IIl'f\vld.III:I'?I|I-iIIl-

Cress-Border
Economies
Ind-Dneesla is the 5et'.nru:| biggasl seafood |.'.|I'DdIJ~CI' in Iha

world. and the Riau Atchipalagu produces the highest


erneml ef seefeud In the Sunni regi-en. Its law p-epuleri-an
density means that it is able to expart fish to the rest of
the reghen. In -eenueet, S-ing:1:n:II'a5 dense pepulatim md
t.meII1.-rater area rnekee it depenclenten irnperte-::[ eeefe-ed-

John: Elahru pmclucaas 1'|EII'I11Erarru::ra aaalbu-d as Singepnre, but its large pepudetien still rehee an Irnpe.-ted sh.
Impurling fresh and I:hiHe-cl Iish requires =h'I'JI'IZ transportatien reutee. ea thet trade within the regicm is mere cen-.-eniEH1.

non-hem

4:e~;h:-an

__

1-who-at

mreem

3'

3
3

01

H
luunlet-hh-Illa-e

me:

emu

:-nu

I-01:

Tl1ePul:ILt1eI5Irf-Stafflttuncg
in

h:

lull o-gin

irnpadi. Tlilllnulrnliuqllguhu u high-

'

5ifIiIIDf&'IIn||IeIfndI!udLI=|mhIEI.E75

tem.{ye=|r|eenmIy-eeunt5Ke1ineenu.nIpuI1..In-he-r.v;I:|:n:it-I prcutfuutir-nu around

IE-11.B51Inru : nu, eh: depmdu. en mule-ed

eItIial11:-he-d-.u:1Ien+n11I-arl-nltanuIrI'tl1-I1ID.321

l'|:I'|l--I]"Ilf-L|:|'|1IJ1-lv'.I-I'lIIlr|4.I'hla.'U'|l

SHUHI l'l9I'DI"I IuwI'u:iIt=au1cI bI-=uaII'-w|'I'Irim: in eeaieed preduuien.

Ed_l$Wu

In 1911!. the-hI:1urt1:-ereunbagaa eh-eelued


was emmod In nu:n- ll-SEAN eewirilt.
Sing-Iprtu had lhl III-glint valued irnpcart in

the rugien. Th-land und htk:I'rt:I.l hldlhl


high:-al. valued er-nartl.

m2ut2.1s1Lerten-aruaut uq:n:|rI:sI

sh-nrv mrru-I-he-ti'IJ-eifmin Harm-the went to

Singzunnl Ind 51' In Indnfi-in. IE5 Elf the

awn-:I1

g:

mg:
E

I5-DTHIIDI

E E:
I

WWW!

'

i!
E

Iedeutemtemat

rin h

'

Singapore-iInper1:. '-ulltn Info-out Huhyrn-Inienlnrgnnmpe-rtnt.|rrde'rq:ar1:er of inload. II1-:I'onI=|-1| IIDEITIIHPI-I Him-M I-n-are


Il|:I'n':li11|:-|:rI'1

nine of n-an-arund rind-nary en-Irumt:-tl-II:-e I2-D

Malina: cnrrulrnm Iru:IunI:IFIIncI 1'9In:I'ir


Iru-m China.

1'ntH tr! ASEAN

F ...!.'Z'.!
I3..e=ce't!e-;_._&hi'1
-u.. Fanh Preurlut.-In i
-II_'rnanII'|hIrIAI:u
I-'|'!I1-1Ihmu.I'Il.I|I-I
-JA.I1l-ldlluirl-iql

1L I'om-uni n-ulnar
AI-Ellie-n-ennui:

ll Tush an I! sue. ulu

l.u:hItI-c_n.n I:I|' 5IIl'llH2l:[

5'lIInIH'I'.|'"

t:=.t_ug_n-a-:1 en

1'3

TIlI"ht3l'i-'I.I:r|',I'b: -:H1l'-I-'|'\vlv|!I.Ii't'l-illln

.T"i.'=!!'.*tI

FQ'1I|_ l_|'.I=_5_i1_-=East-be
D Ida-r nut?

I lunmtn-9

.I-It-I-IrII:=-ctml trod-I
lluhu-nil Ildl
nalw

I'rId'i'.t-d-I'll] :t'rt.III:I|-I
I'n|'II'InbodI

illlbnll

..

inrfupnrtg

lilrrj.-l.I't-

Euzrrurt-:u|
h.Iha'tg1t-.l

I'..I-Itutr Hunt

l.t'.trrr

in

EI-l'||Ilf VII-IF

in

1.nIt1

I--

1:191: I4-tgup

Cnrnrn-:t
lIht.ng.v-and

Lt'.'tI.'|H'tII.hI-rp-uIt'l

Lt:-I-.nI Huh:-pp:-rt

Ld-:i'-I-1' pa-tt

|.I:|H'IhIIIt--It-lrl

I -

c._"_" H.

H.,".

I-*

|:t:t-t-|::ntt:I.|.I'latIt-tItll-|ulI-

N-I-||5 i|'tl'H-I

II:IIl'-1Il'I:-tttwgt

UII-"1!- Wu-II

I.It-all |IIhIrtII=-erl

_Lst:t=I_-.r.I.I=IrtE.|~I;I1=r_D_=I

E.I9.t4.&er.nen U:LB.e.t.4.=|_e_-

dtcnttntlin Ithu-I-u'Ii-nnll wnllmhutt:--be

bteught re a Iltthenr part in the turn: nation


when II: wtllba rug1'11.-are-cl. Ft: amid that mp

:3"t'|.|.l.'.'E|?"LT'.'!'|=i_"l'|.it

In}!-.tl_J?H_Bemee

t.lIItfrJthI.nb-n-||1a:uqI'tl1I|auIrtha-rI:-

gien. it w-I be gathered treu-n : tznrrie-r en a

lurry tmtl'Ilnru=paI!'l-tbd I-t:IIi'I1l n-tl-.tI.'I lieh rrttlttul

and tn:-;un. he-ml IT-:hIttI1In1ra-t3I-II'ItAirIithiI-

or Fnshtrtr p-an. Aftlr he-invu reg-Itentd and

PE-I-B-H.

abroad. For bringing the fish tn an-ethent

legally |:t.r setting ital! eta ea.-en t-D-anclhur

if needed, |it'.'vtt~nI-ad, the fish can be brt:tt.t-uh!


EIDvl.I1Ir\|.-l\'IvEf'|"I| 1.l- iI'lEI I l:iI
H-i:" I1E .

{nut-lllr-hlrtl HI-t't

-lu||!|'|-'lIi:_|'\-itlll -:-l -'-Intljg

5-Ilctthtl-I1

1'!

c.t_1:-_w.-:1 an

Fishing as a

Diverse Culture
Chrer generaticns. people have adopted and mastered distinct fishing
techniques best suited for their particular cc:-nditicns and demands,
resulting in a wide diversity cf fishing practices in the SIJORI regicn.

Ccmrnercial fishing, small-scale traditicnal fishing, and reef fishing are

fishing methods are ccmrncn tc Singapore. Jchcr and Riau Archipe|


age. Same fishermen specialize in a specific technique. which neweCIEYS can cnly be fcund at specific pcints in the regicn. One example

is fishing with a keicng aicng the east ccast cf Bintan.


Fishing is net cnlv prcviding fccd fish supply. but it is else a part cf
the cultural identity cf the region and structures the landscape. Additicnaliy, it represents a particular watt cf working and living fcr many
pecpie living in rural areas.
Fishing culture and ccnnecticn with the sea is beccrning chsclete in

city life. The remaining traces are generally limited tc recreational fish-

ing by city dwellers in certain lccaticns.

lvauti-I.I-lrlt-1t'trrIl"il:-t
tlulr.-in

H-thlr-g lit ttrp-t-tn L'uIt-in

-i.r.|.;.'t..e-n:l'I-t"'-'1

:f.n|u'd:;.:i-'.

;'I'-

:'-..It'uIh1 '.nI

5-|'iur-i_' it 'i..o:-"Ln t'uf'u'-

Mapping the
Fishing Grcunds
lr.._. n..'l'n_'q.',.';.-_-

-t1 the E-IJ-EIF-El regii:-n there are iT|5fr|"|' i::iI'fererit l'.'|:iea cf fish-

ing Thi-Iv r.'i='ige fri:-r'ii i:cI|ei:tir'ig rnussels tc rniuzlsca-e ci:-mITIE-'C!.'ii fish"-rig. Until ri:i:en!|',.' the sizes nl !is|iii'-g '-ieseeis
st.3ig.iei:F ernnil. I:ii i:.c-ntrast 1-tineatf;-vi:-:'tJntrie~:=._. .Ei:ngapt:ire.
J-:-hr.-r and l-tiau .i1:-:.fiit:iei.'._r._|i::- m-:isl|',' Ii-sh I.'.'iih'ii11hi_=it naiii:-n.1|ws-lets EL! the EEE. E-..t.=r-.- type of fislti-nrj has i1s -'_i'n.'n
tr.-rtii-:':',-'. Smell-scale t:r-tdiiicri.1. fishing talcces place near

the l:.:ir'.'-pu."ig:. and ir.5hcre_: reel fishing hear the ccast:


ice i-ZF."il3-"IQE-. FlE'.'tI the 5'ari'.i:ung5ai1t:l -2|-J! in 1-ie cipen sea.
Citiinitr-eri:.i:il fishing has ihe widi:-st r:-tr-ge. fr-:irn neat 1he

lrempttngs. the ''i'_=.hei'_.' parts. ancf the in- arid i:-H'51.'i-Tire.

f-rftich fishing ir'.frastrLii:.ture. is cut cn the sea .:t."id nct 'ut5ihle rr1r_'ist-cf the lll"!-E The fell-:iw-ng |.'ct:ge'_=. r-i:-p fishing
types a:i:i:irt.l-'ng ic- -.-there Ihe-tr are '.i:-uiid in the regicri

I :t-.|'. -'-g --'i- I.-.n :'..-.;t.: rt u

- I

.t

L.|.:_urI i'lri-t_I'_

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5t_tt.g|| 'I.I'-_-:i.5.t_II:

E-Ir-;|.a|',i-:'i-t rr't fit-'-r-'. 'n'\"'-'t'l .'-Iii fir.l' r'-,1.-tr-:-'.rr:r


--'ti:islig.' I.-I'_""ll5l!. -ril :-I_'-ii'-i- -tr.|'---'--,3 t'r-5-at-is in-'iH'i
-.'.-.t'f'_i-::.r_'t-'i'l -'r.t_'-1-:'.-* "l'!t'-en-rt-.t.:i.-'1:-'-r*=_. ijl .'l'If'r.'I' '5.

i1-:3--]1isr--r' g i.'l. at-zals are l'r'I-.'ii -:-' -.1.-:--'.I H all -=::!

the |:t'.-cl lishr.-: with l':t.i.I.*.:i.


|i.i.2tI.t -f"rr.'|ii|ii.- -C.-l!.'||_'| |'-:'ti: lire Li -.'-;;+.-:-ii. ii-i_'i:-i i"i
1"-A Flrtg -::-" '.i-.':l.': E-_;.7l|f -.-'-1-t:'.4'-I:'.. .i'I_'-i:t.trr~'.f t.-r-n

1.

I-.li--g'int||: ll-I

. |-:'-i'gu'l'I' Ii-'
- If I--_|1..t|ir-:-.
| Ii.l'.t'.qI.tnIl:t'.t|-

F'F'?'?'?'?"?TFF"?'?'F
igrupripriprniugiupnpngnpi -Fr-guy
?*'?"?'F'?"?'?"FF'F' FF?
'F"F"F"F"F"F"'F"F"F"F' FF?
yr -yr?-ipiyuy-n; guy: if-yr?
'1" '1"""l"""l""H-'1-"5-' 1" 1-1" 1"

li li i il
i li i lirliflrri lil i
imr i ri i iil iiii
i"-'uif|'|iJ|."|':-ll"|-.i ':'-i.':r.-rs t:-'
I . 2' 3 LI
I At T it- :-'I
.- -I
F5 J 5 "-3 I.
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1'-'il'r-i.'it1t-ti":-r-'1 withI-7.-:51-.':-.'1r.'t;:-s

' t:.1 . t'_.t.;...-t I lIIf'J* I


_

.-_-l_.'n.- -_.| . : 4.. _'._.u.._'..'u-' n .-I I '9 -in-.1:-l

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5it't.'-ill-:3-t:.=tiiE! Traciiliiiiiital Fishing


E';r'n.'t|i-s.r_'.':|i=_- Ii:'-i'i.!'ig -;=f.sf=.ir'.:_:| '.i.'.th .:i'n.'i|'= f'it:~.'=f:-'. ti.':ini:-ti:~ri.rr:-.'J
-rt hettr.'ei'-i'i ='.'- . 1"I:'. f:.'-r i_ii':e -:-r t'.i.-:3 .

"pf: .*i.'s~'. Lur-er- pr:--ts.-ri1

.1.'_-rtzsi. 1h-.'-. ft-.'!_:_I-L_."rl f\'_'r gi.'!i"|.l-'I'fi|.':f'I'=-. Thr-. l'.ig!'i;'.-r--:t'~i:-1.1:gei


-.t'.-r.:-;i.- r. :i*.n ft.-ei is -'.r:-.- Er.-.'i.~'.r.ir. fl.-I Ih-:- fi:'.h-:-i rr-er. t-.'- ..f.'I_-.'
:.rr':.'.||-2.-:ni:-t".. .i'irI'::tl'it.i 'r-.'i:-'.:-r. i.=. rt gieriirer FI.J'i-'|i'1ll'.t.':ti.I||iiiI'r' cl"

fh-'.- ft-'.h sf-.':~.'l. Ti.'itfi'.-r:-.'i.'1| fishing -'.i'-:'ii..n-:l.=.. :1-'-1 'Jf|fi'|'f'li',- ir

.r.I':-a-e .'I|".i'.i r'.t:.'i' the -.':t'.-.1.-.=.1 -:1-r:-:'.~ .'i'i.1i-r-r ie:i.<.tiri is. th 7:1 the Ll-'i
1r.-ri:i:.rr.--:1 l::'.-.'i'.='.i:1nr'.cir:-:ipri -.-.--Ih ri-.-. r..'ttur.'ii fr.iri:.t--'. -rs! r'1'I'.r:I-.'.+i.p :'-i.'-!.'l
Tl.-: fi5hin_:_: 2-'.-!'.'.':t5-|.'.||'I l.'t'.f-:. .1 1--r-.'.-.':r sir.-ti-tr! r-::re;:it fc-r -=..~':-.--

-l:l =|| -._i.'|-_.'r}. t_'.t_ir I. -g; if .i'_- Ii_'lli'.,-'r'.l:'i'l1[.-:_il".'I'I'!'|[-Ii'|f:E-!_'Il:'i'It .i-:_'i-:'!Il_I-._'ir':

._a|.'-.- i_!;Iri-:__:ij-'-:_':-i_t.-.

_ tit} f::Jitj:rrt'i:'ii'. i'_it_.- it! -::-:j:'ti|I'::.iI'-If,"-.' -;'t::_:-i_t['.--3 f_i_'i

-_.I:|_:-|j:._'iri tj-;'i:'_'i'. [:i|ii1_'i' .;t:-:,i i.-.'i'-iii f;j:-g]-*j'-ii-1_-!

I_-!a';i[i't -: |tj.-','tj-trtI:i-c;-I'I1e';

-:3 _|:_':"iij.-I E-r:'tl_-~ '.tt:tj| f'i:'i-_t |-;.i.;'t'tr_!i-', f-i.'i;'i'.-irttj:-E -,t_t;jit':-fail '.i'1t't [i.-t
-Ii ;'tt'::f '.."iI_;'j. .~.i_|-,r_._]i!'i.'_tf:i-_-_ ft-1-.'tii'ii.; t_'-:_'ir'.'iii-'_|i'.iZi-_--_. i.-i.'ii|i
1=_:_ f.ri-','-'.-.-fi_':t'_:i;t_r ."ii't-:.i fi:j.i'ii:tt_;t ;ti-j-t'_!i_:-j i_'.~_. l'.f-:ji.~_-.[ -:j-I i|'.t_'-. :-j.m.'t|i
-_;-;'.;||i'_- f|:_."iij-':'i'i-_-i't |i-.-r.j- iii ii._'it1i'Zi:f'.'i:_'i -':tt:'-i:'_-1:-ifa.:[i:ritj'-tiriqi. ftjii

r_|~.rin: f."_-..i"-l.il'J'. net i::inI1- rr""f:'i_'Ili{. .-l|I._. ._irtIt'!_ .r if. iii-_-it -.*.'.i',' tj-." it-.-:iig:;
'.-.i.|iI fi"-i_-

_.l'

Tl.-t-. -.|ri'_i'.-.'r|i i_:-I rej:'._'i:|j:--.- t:-Iiij--j. ii't':tji-_:-rr-:j.

-:'_ir'i "ii_'-.i 1i~3f"iit'it'_: It-I

tii:_::ir'_--_._ will-:j.i't '_:-_it'r':tj-f_|'t'it_'. i':'.'liJ -'_Itj"- li".tj:f'-.' ij-.".- r't'i-t':--.'ij- fi_tll!iij-I


._:i-.-.-.'t',.' i-E;-_t-.-i_'1l'|t_'ti '.'I!i:jt.,

-':f '.'I'-:_tt L

.. tj-1' [iiijriy -:j:-t -:|'t;' .. .j. 1-:j: -tit-:'if_f'i_':r Et|i-t'_-

i :-.i-_' I. '-..:-'-.u.'..!'..-'.

I.I.'l'.i|gI'_|IIil i:iil 'lii'Ii'Ir-I'_I

{.|i| igI;ii-ti

if-.hi'I|rlI:I :_'..eiI

-iu:-'i-r.i-'-t-=1-i-t-ri:i -.-I i-:i-I


nri F"-t.Iui.l:i:-PH;
I
rii|I_Iht liimrt:

3' 3
.".i-.ru.1tur.:I-.rt
._-,i-- the :_'i.iu

I 45

lil-'irI'-I bill-I-i.|

II! I -II'.!- 1'1


i'.

I I.-'ri|:-'.rIg
lilrui-rr ggt:

li'+1rni=uea.|.r.ilr=.i.i=ru-riuria

The iiairip-turn: an Pi-.I'au Abang. it tretriticn-ii

.'t..'t'i;t|i-5r_.I.lr.' fishing I-illztg-ti. F5 ti-iiilt i:iit.1t :-'l


wccsi an the see. The -.n|i.egerti. |'l'f"i|'.| I-we arid
-Itici-if: hr-inn. .:lcpi:i '1-L1 "nI:I5-'ff'p' l'.-l'L1l1iEif'lil'ltiT"Ift2ti|'

5|'l"iIii'5I:|I|i1!ff5f"IEfl'l"-IEFI gc Dm1 'lLh|'cm


iii'i.emccri Ill-T'i'||-53111:. 1!'|-I3-1' else farm 1-sh. amt
catch fish item s-i1'ii1'i ti-'!.1|t.tt5. Th-it wi'.'.ir!'ie-11 v:5v:i
n'C|fliE' |'.1i "IE! f.='.ii'i [.'||'|:'i-IIJEII-E-|l'|Cl.

Tr-In TfMI|f'Il.'r.lIi i;|-'.i-mi rent-ri.'. i:tf rhii R-'.:ii.i

'If'1E|lTi|ii|'|!flf'I'llII:lf.f
In the f:.1rr1[.'ii..ing, thttrtii rs rni.ir:-ft infre-

iE-f|:l"l|J':l- :1-Ina li.'i 5-i.-.t:-1.'i-pi"! 'lhi1-1ia:liiii2'.-Ii-5| Li'.hir'iu


uillai-gm trip pic-rr'ii.'if.'ni;| "I'..1n1>t,-rig i;i:iuriar."i'

'.rui:ii..-e f-:ir !i:.|'irri 3. in .'i-cii:'ii-:i-i'i to the fishJr-5 flit-ut these i: |2I:"l ii::_- fxlcir-,r wit -r:h |:tiri:i-

been built inside the village. 'ii"i"|'iifr: the 1.ii||iJ-u:-

Di: Fulttu Abang. a hi:rni-. 51.1: fcr tcurieis haie

nieces ice l-at fish riar-spc-it -finciti-er em-all

E"i- 'I't1."iC|fl'|E U-'3 fdltl-til U 't|l'-S-|li'|.'H'EI. "|EE' hB\iE'

1:-c-it has n fisift catri-er -It-5.:-i.-I which bring:

ht-en -Iiery few so far.

1!"i-E M-"LID tl'H_- -iiti:.iZ fishery i'.'itE:r't

I -t.rtiriI; ni.'ii'Ii1i'|n i'_iil1i.r-

-- r-i.'- i..'...'i '.4'-

-.-..--.1

i.-III

4.-..-..-.i - ;|l.'-.-I-"' .- -..1-".

'I' rIi-.'.I-

._4..

'

I" I a-|-PI-rf-.
"in. I IIIId'
' - . I"J:IIIl":| l;'.;:I

Fieef Fishing
F!-.:e'.-f .:.-'.r'.i-iii; ::.i"i :i':-:lL.:l.- -_-.'i!!t'--.'.iir.=_.] n'-.i.~'..=.-'=!.r. :r-. l.".-i.-.- ti-fir: :'.:

fi.~'.l'ir-_.'| -.i.ii:f'. .'i ri-.-I. .3 '.i:'ir- iii an Ih :1-ih-.'.-r 1i:-.'i'i '.ii'ii.i-'-:'. If liriti

L'ii.':i'i:=.- .'if-i[| 'ifii': :'.i'.-.':.~'.'.. -.'Ii.'i|.ii.'.-Ll. .'i ".'i-.'.i.'-.if 'I_I'f'Z-DI. i'f""e 1-l'L''f fl-'.f'i'!'iiJ

is -:'.:.-r'.i'i I-.'.i.' '..'.-.'- li-'.:'ii':'iii.i'.-=. ct.-.i.". ;ti-'.I-'-'-.'.n-'_e i.'.If'-7-i I|'i 'i"i f:'ir
-'-.e:5i.".;_'F. i'.'.'i.t-r ,".I-'i.i|ii1i-':-i'i t.!'i.'ir:ri-:-| .l'-.'.-t1;.'_2ii'1 ririd lent] ||?i.'.i.'1'
iii.it..'-"i.i'-'1-.'lr. . .I- :'ig1|'i-.'-r-r-i'-l.~'. .'ir':l tl'.:r::iir:i1iii-;_i ll.-'-Ci ..r.|'i
_n::-pi.i'.'iti-:i-.5 =' *.i:_;.'.;..:'.-.r-i'.-ii.:... IT. f-.-1.':I.'i_.-:=.i.'ifies I.'.I.-J'.=.. .'iii-:1 Iii
-'_li.'-i'.-'.-:-'. .3 has Ir"-I . 2. .'.i. r.|'.r- .~.--.:.:|:I-=. r.ci.'iI .-=.=t:f*-.

-' :-.--_- JI '-

-'fh"||-G_T"ii|i'i'f"|'|"'_|'|7'j:'

Ilillliliit-p
p-etii-'uIeiIilI.i:IIiiiI

F-|'I'|i"I'.''

31

C=I~l_1igI_II:pI:| all

Hifilriiulloriillre i.?u|t-in

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I-'."t'a.|r._.it'ir;i.;. - Tt;itt'fifit_'ii'1;a| l_.-tr-ft?!-Fit_':.'-'iii:'.I Fis|'iii*.i._1


"-:'|" .'tTiI. ft-'.i'i:!'iI;| :7..l'i..'.f|iII.':"_ -..-:'i:":'.I!-.'.iIi-___] -".". :i I

'-i'|iI n .'.i. -'.-I' .'i "!-_'..'iIir'-_.| r.I.'i.i-iii in .'.ii". ihi:I.'.if ii:-'.'ii'i-Z] '.'.'i'l''i !

.-fii'.=

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f'I'l'."'If' .'.-".:i'ir: fi-.-'.l'i.'-:ii'.'iii |'.-.'.-.'.f f|'i-.':i' r:'i:'--:'ii::-.- l:'.- f'ii...- :':i'ii': tr:-;.'_i-'.-In

'

-'-I ::.'.-"-I-l'-' I'l'i.'ii.' i"-..i',-' f-i.I'-"'.="ii'.':'. |2I'.i i'- III. :-.'.I ii-.!i:"rTi'i-'."'i .-'-. i- I"i-.'il'I-__|

.'.-'.'..-. I:'--' .'i_.'.-1.:-i.'i'-ir: ah-: .- -.:- -,'-.~.'i-:'. sin-:1 -::':.'.t--'. .1! .'-t.n.'l 'I-.'!I.'i ilili
=i-'.r i:i|=ii".. -'.'IIr :i '
r.t.j_1'rii .'.. .-'-rniai'.-.'..i"- .'i 'i.I.:-Ir:-ri-__i

-.'..'.r -...'.i-.h h.I.h '.-al..----I .. c-:ir'-:1 I L" :'ri:-:=- i'lI|'||.'l"'iF.-

-.. i-r- .l' '.-' I_


E" .:'i IIF "_i'i.Ii.' f.', I

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':|_ _f.I' "I"'.t-"'t._ I '.I._ i L I_|i5 '_'-II -I.'[ '.I'..'i Il-

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CIuI|tI'-I|'IlII:| -:'i-Itil

Fen-rt; H irinnirni i:-ihi.r-

I.-if. II"I:- nghr


'.t::l.f.iciiI-=I'|ii|.'itrii-g and

III-.'i-rIvi:i ti-.:-'11i-It -I-I-Ia-I-.

I-ilA:t.r l'II'lIil ltnlnnt. Ill.-tun


I.-I
F..l-iIi1g i.-ll|g.|. |iIi..d
uiI.Iit'riil:i-ail llll

.'

fttnrig the {yarn .I1 I

II-um: hnld |'iIh t1I'tI'iu


IH-'|.III

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-"ii IL! Ill: ''


'i.KX.lt l'.l'.11.'.

U .! WIT." _

I?-I-.Ii|.dir.I5i.I_|i-9 Lists-Iii:

Sign-n heie rt -I Fcshiriia village whe-ie


I.e|ong.-it are i1|5t:i l:iIt.-1rI.g ]:ii..i.l:i. It is ti sr.t1..'.tilI vii

Page with ciihi ercund 1.? ficu-tie1.ti:rcatecI at

the nest I:-:i:t1t i:i-f Einian lslan-1: The itelcinga.


Il'E I:iuii'. I:iI.il: til -t:I-.".'.'tI" i:ii.tilrn fieille an-IJ r.l'-.1iIIretit
t'n:-est:-! Iiitiic-i:i~:l. Ta-the l:rc'.t-:i-i'i'.t:ii! the wood-

in i'.A?.In=tl:fUI'-tlI:ll'1. tin-inc tumult. fer ilnt-tticri


are .trltli:h-rt:l. Sini:-ti the lt.i:irnpu-1g- .-.l'i.i:i:e-rt it:
b'I3t}l.'fl"i 'h'l'| 3-CIWIE l't'-."E-I|'1$. 'l|ZH..lf|'-Ei15- =H}l'|"I"2||l'T|E'B

1:ri:il| l:iI,i-.

II I'-|i;I'Ii.-'iii:l '.'-t"'-'I

:j.I'-i.i'-I:;I'-'i

-.-..-:.t '.-I

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i;_".r.irnrnerciaI Fisliing
'.'_'-:ir'rinie:r:i..'i|. rnitr- t-:i !.':ri_:_ii.'-. .=.i;.'i|r_I li.ItI'.ingi '.-e-3.5-:-fr. .'.ie ni-:-sIl',.'
-l'.-.'l*.'.F:-.'.l l'l-|.'!.'lf lisiic-.r-. pi.-its. Eliffeierit lr-'_-ni .-tr'i..'i|l-5i.'.:ilr: fishing,
the fish-:i.I'i'ieri gt. pt-.I 1.:-1!'ii.'r :=.-r.-rain grptips fr:-: li..'- i".-i in-:ire
i1':i'_.I=.. nri. .=.'..'i.--:'ig -r.-r.|-,- :n':.h:ire. l.-uI. al:-.:: ti--rii:_| .'Jl'fF-l"il'_-lI'.'
hr: g-:--.-'.-ir-niI.'.-n1 -pl .1-'!i:iu -'tri:f'ii_t'.ie|.':gc .:|:-'.:-- <.-.i[_'-|:-:i.'t.=. .::in:rnI..Inii-,- gr-;-i.-[_r=. -.'i. :2-:irnrI.'i'.-r-.i.'iI fi-=.Iierr:ir.-II. |'._it the Iisht-rrner.
nii.i.=.t |'.'-|J'i'.l"-.'lF-IF: |Il.F:l.' eii;1erisi-.-:.- lLli:l 1Iienise|'.i1s.

.__.

'-

_ -"-.'i_'Il'_-"

I.I.-h.|I-Jun nl 'at'IrIr_iI-_1

|IIIhI'-I|'IliI:| 5-itil

11.1.; Hp.-,|I-_i.-t.

F-in-rt; t-i firinirn i:-ihi.r-

IE.

III-IiiuI' .|l'.nI1' r.-i:.-II

rarnirt-g r':t:Ii-.g E In

H-'ILr
I.I
FIi:iI't IHH

n-.-riip p.'1h"IJ1..'.g.
-IEIIH-'.i'il I-I"iII 1IilI.IIE'WHI"l'

.'| 'i
'iitrIigl'In.;1itIltr-und
i;iiI'i-I1.-|I'tI'i..; 1FaFi1|t .':-t

'I't:tI1.n: :iII rIh:h I:Ii.

|Ii'tI-LIL-Illltc-I'

T.-I.IIii.IrIsi.EIr-III!-:.l-1-'.Ih I-liirltct. Bintan

in Tania.-ng Pinang. tl'|I1-H! is a inshei t' p-:irt


arid :il:i-t:i I l:ii-;|li.1h riuirlce-I! Thi1li:h I.Ii.IIli- be
t.-iu+.igl'itI1c-ii caiiiiieu and I-stiirig trees-eiti re

Far-.'-a.F.I1Il'IIIriI. .F!'=I.II..l.3~'ri.I-.1rI

|I.:tI.-iial as the secsriizi fish-tirir pcit <ri Einteei

Eicirne i:if 1511: fi:..'1-errnen til:-i:i |i-.i1.- here |l'- l:-i.ii.l.:llh L'I|i HIE It'Iii[E'f Clil IC|l"i liJl'N.l. l-l'|.I'l"I l'iE"!. [l"IE'

the rI.'i:t.-irnt. T't-err.-it1ii1fiI.i"i will be H:-.-:-e-i:l.

i:i:1'ii'nieri:iall'i{t1ing 'I'l".'tEE'.'I will gt: t:iu1tcithi'r

ii-IiIi=.II'-:|:"it.-:.f. .'.iiIii:i :2-I.-Ei'.I;IIrit.-I:l fur '5-IlE'. The li-tlt


rrinrlzilit cin-nnsi iti: .1.-I-:tI:inr.l I i:i'i:t-:-rli: in thii

Eieiti f-Ci-I EU or i'ritirt- i:l:i.'p1..

I1'ii:iiit1irii: and it.-'it.Ii-s at-eii.ini:| I'lDDI|':

Ei|I'IliH$lIlIl

tiIIiIIi1I-trii.|iIq
33.

Ti. ...'.. {D

fl'.ect'eatienefFtsl'ting
ftecrectir:rielthirii;dueerI:ttequlreallcei'ieeinllteteglcn.
t'ihilatl'ineateiaurnecpportmftieefurrecreetluttalltel'i-

lrig. fte.hiftaittri.I:ti.leisrictiiIi'IiI cfevefcpecl. especlell-iiin

ti-ie:ttii.i:iiiereeteatiut:affithhgmeindiuatigtttg.Theie
areect1ielccatItItsht$li1gepctie'wltereangifrigfIallewed..
I-Iuiirever.enly?.5tItiilttiestiei-elirieiuiteeeeeitileti:-ifte
puhIic..ti-iettiereippnittntitiiittccliaruarabeiatuaguwt
fitihhtgftiirtfiiedw.

!I'_|tl.1_|"E|"_"!.!L'i|!'.l'

Fl ilt l- 'lllII3'l'I

rttihrhiuuhthtltn

55F!IlilIgliIiitrhli
I-eil-?IIIIii

-'

..=."*-f.-i .
I.

.I

-.-':-::'?::'::_,r.-

.X;_:.__
.iI.d

.-__.._.-._

_:

'
-

-'

'

t.I.-him.-_|..uI nl 'it'IrIr_iI-_I

u Hp.-,|I-_i.-t.

_.iJ

|:"'Il|I'II|'II|!l 35%|

Aquaculture
as Production
and Escape
Cine could say that the aquaculture of today is one of the more visible
parts of sea culture. Unlike fishing boats. which are out on the sea,

aquaculture can easily be observed along coast in the whole region.

Presently. the sea-based fish farms create a picturesque scene when

viewed from the city. Despite their proximity. the fish farms are difficult to access.

Compared to the fishing culture. fish cultivation is a relatively new

phenomenon in the region. in the past four hundred years. brackish

water ponds, suitable to aquaculture, could only be found in Indonesia.


In Malaysia and Singapore, brackish water cultures were predominant
in the late 1920s. After marine aquaculture started in the 1950s, it

grew rapidly during the I9E.li.is.


According to the FAQ (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}, aquaculture "is understood to mean the farming of aquat-

ic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and aquatic plants.


Farming implies some form of intervention in the roaring process to
enhance production. such as regular stocking. feeding. protection
from predators. etc. farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated.
intended to provide a more sustainable seafood harvest. and secure
fish stocks. aquaculture is growing in the region. It has potential to reduce the pressure on natural marine resources through more controlIable. sufficient production. The ponds and floating fish farms provide
reliable income and a stable home for many. As recreation. fish farms
provide an oasis away from hectic urban life. Through these relationships, aquaculture could rekindle the lost relationship between the
land and the sea.

-|'tii". for-' ilt -'lI'r_iII1' i:tl


5-I'|:ll.l-:Pl

.|-uh-.i: tlurt

.|.i'.inI_'iI1-gig an F't.:i..ijtI:t.r_i.Ii Ind I-Jill

lit

-li||!|'|-'lli:_|'l-iell or "Il"i'|l|'i_|

5-eleimn

51

G-.l_1i'_-Ir.I-I:l Eel

F-Iilll hf rlilpl ij lii


I|1UEI|IiD'I

53-

Ma pping
the AC1 uaculture
The cultivation of fish in floating lalms has a shorter history
than traditional shing. liietreitheiess it has beco rne part of
the regions tra-:lit'ional sea culture
The practiceof aquaciuliee is increasing regionally as
well as world-vltle. Altho-i.igh man',- fish farms are large in

area. their nroducnuitii still has room for -rnproirement


it comprises only a small part ol the overall seafood
orotluctiori. but has greater capacity to train the region
achieve selif-si.i lticiancir and sustain its marine resources.

-H

*9-_

I-slum

'

!-III

Hrl e

MIN?

GUICI""

Wuhr on-at-n m.IiI:l'|

"T|"t'l-I'll
r.uI.'nrnIi

l
r
-I""$'l9F''C'

l'IFI'Il||n'n|Ie.'II
.K-Hf-If

e_tril:iutioii cl Seatood
to eiljlrrtl fru_-,i11fiI|_'i Fe} rljlti

Fhie dintribubiorr -oi :e.ni-it-ci-i:li Frizim Iilh hrrme

is iii mulrritep prose:-s. The Fliuerlinna [hahir


l"ish]I1'u 5'-Dl'A|1'|Ild in hntdierie: which n'Il'l'

rri-oetiir iantl-I:-n-ai1E-o-rne lish farms also rei:i1Ei.~e|i-.rie|'i:li1r:ii'ri -other caitchiu. to race.

tel-ti-I

ll-i.tru I|i.i-i:J-bl||do

. lieu-I-tuner-I
J C|'|i-J1-II

_
Fl,

"HRH

'i_

'

Q lurr-Ir
-2| ll.|'ilIr1'III't

1':|iTh.|

!".IuIt2I hil

It

if-it-FC~|-C

It

{-111

PC
ll}

if-{it
.*l'I-ittit

I-1"

I-IQ-I-C-I-C-I-1
vbll-fittl-ii

ICUCICIC
if-If
{OI-PI-it
FZOZ-I-3
It-I-CFC-

While Sin-gtijziu-tie: acrini:u|i!uIi'-is I-El-El|:||' is ruth-

er small compared to thin or the rest at the


re-pi-DI1. it is Iii-jily ::Irci-r:ii.ii:tiI.rei1i:ii' tho neirnl:-er
tii..d:i:ii:li.se highly: pr-:i-i:lui:1i'-in.-fIirn1-I In }nht:ir_
there i-ire lurid-hn:e1:Hi'nh Firms}, that organ-

'.*El."F'F_'l'l...'-_'.'! in !3_i=.r1ii>-r,~_I.~_=e_ 9-? Ftilrea

In Jiahiatr and the Fliilu .N't'."l'l..'tIIll G. :i:|u-a-i:-i.i-

irure e s sni-all pen o! the whole produce-on.


1n.5i.iriigIi:ini:i-i'e.'iiI'l-iete therei in limited shing
area. am-tculture lead-s pi-oducuon.

i li i il i

e.:.+u

or pe-csile edhoioired tliare. The trend ta-I20

Thunurnbur at peoatle emplcnred in sealuod


pro-riiictioii varies nuoughoun the region

From i:he- lilh Fan'i1.t.hei good-:1;in to a


1i:l'ieir'.r r.ic-ri . an lish rnsir1ret.e uiee mar-so-er.
or -i:lii-i1r:1I1.-ti:-the i'_u.1ti:i-r11|iir.

Tiii-

t".r_u_-L=rl_F@s-r_II'Iii1:i_I=i'1ii
Hi4r!.~l?i'-r..<=.l.tll.~=~rl=irici.P.9+:i=lt~

__.-"fl

mutaielti. a tape in hun-u into -irate-ii. wheri.-

Tm

ll
W-.__

The lien term-. or so-called reading 11the growing station for leer-und. To oultluatu
the larvae can cents and grow on

i1etl'ier'i'i.i:-e-'|r.ri.~1. 'rI'i- coupe-rationut In the Riau

..n=hi|aeteuo.. sh larrne tend to lae 1-mriller.

more n1.Ii'nen:iii.ie, and are often 'I.'ile1;i11te-clir.

the iuniouhu.

lieu .liiI'.l'.:l.-lhqeti

-"-

i
liirl

"'|l|'l-I'Il'

'

D
I'm-1-'lI

eui.-i.vi-r--

II

F-iI.=:._'+ Fl:-'3:-i E!::' F iiali F.-'3I"l"'


HI-.'* .'-.'-.'i l.I.'.':'.-.:l I '.|- f.'i? "ii-- :'i!-:II I'i':':-'.l .' .- lIi.'iii'!-'.l 'i ll:-I .|- -i"I.'-I

"ill-'i:i 'Z!"i'I .i-'.-|':- =.' ll-'.-.-"-'.=. -'i-'i-.1 !":I: FI.'l'..= I-:= ital.-2'-I-': ,|-.'= fl-' |'|"'-E"
-JE'.':=.l-'-I -'. I..:. .'i!i=- 1. -iii: l-.".il'i-.1: .. =.'|.
_._|.
:.
'-..
_...
II-l il-.- Il
.iII-| .-.'.ii! .Ii I
f.':li"i'-. l:'. l'.II- 'i!'.

-I|1.'.l': !r'-- |'.'=: :=-

I.'i-Irll:-t|:_J|-' I.-I I2-I"-'i !'I.i'--I".


--I..l!.i-.2:". TI :: i.'ili''''

" -i-..i---I...
--..-._I

:'ii-.-'~ 3: -' :ir':'.|'.v'-i ': r:-.|:

----

-4
ll.--i.i.iI.ii --

---.-I..-

:'.I:.'i.'.i':-'-'.l T"iI': .'!i|1!'.'i-. ii: '-.=_..'-.--.2iI.': ":-'i-.-'- |l'I' .' _. .":'::' =.'| |Z'il-"i'- '.".

-.|:'.'P.-II -~.i=..:i

_.

.=-l lr- -. ._i-. r-.-i-.- -.ti.-.|


'-'i'!::-"'Ii' :=.'._'l -Z-.i-.|.:'i'.- -' :':!"'ili.:"t-.'.!I'1| Ililt'::'-'.':-.!:-'.

--.

__-

- | 'I'.'-.'l._-= an .'-I inn? I HIi'|r'-ll". 'i-.i: r.'i;'rii-:.

.'.'I:--2:-iI.'. l'. -j:

Ii.I.-.

'

_.

I.I.

..

I.

. --i ,. -.. ._

5.
.-. '

..i_'

'

lI

I -

-ii

'

I .

'

'I'
I

iI

'
I

-I

I'.|.'-'

I-,'.'.'i'
':i.

'

.I-

"'I'n

:3
:l

ii "lI|

1""-, I_;'.--

'

'ii'...|i'I'

I-|

i.'..3'I"

:'I..i|Iiu'

".:"-.'

li.I.-I-..|q.-lure -3-! ii 'l""I':I

i_'-.tm|rI-'_I :_'..oI

.l.,'_I-..p'_i_|l'.._.rq hi Piijujir: ni:in .|rh:| En: nu

l'eIrrI Hun ltiy l"I.'IieIgnIc--'_:


Wrth l~:ri.:ri.iiIl-II-1;;-rIr -3! fish Inirriinig l'.r:- -;}.a:nrn:i -.-.1
C.Il'IIII'UI- _|noy r._1rsm in Flingnpnrrr 1-.) 11.1.1: his
-:i-IiiI.In l:Ii..-siriess. His l.1ri-ri 'r-i-r.Irir: crl the iii-.w
1h,11;yI.ru:i:u:;tI. my nI...-iii-rI.i.m nl ii? tnni; proi:lli.i-:tii:-rIL per yea-i. This I:i-i.I.1in1i'.1.' was set by

'.ne noverorner-I oi Singapore to I''l-I'.J i.I-siuI.1:-i-:-:!-J-i:ti-r.-'1 and Iii.-Ii:-ad out uni:-r-:i-do-:ti-.Iei

13|ir'|$.

F_li:-uting _|I-lI::r_r_ie
3I'.I|"|'l'E l'|l3'-10-'|'|"|-'3-if! I.-=C.I1.|"Jl'l|'|' I3 't"':3'rkl-I|: |'.'5-'-ir".A.'

tn i:I.i|ti-.'.11n r.eat-:-i:i-ct. Thev rag:-resent an author


iii:-'.iIirIe Iileistylei to i.:b-an |IiI-.I.
'll:- s1.1i1i-i. rurt In I'oi.".'i| 5 rigro-o-Iea:i crwn
rIIis_ is rIc:I.ii;1{I-iii-I wiIi'Ii .|II1rIo nr_I-rirls f-or {.i.nii-.i

lrle. as wt-.ll .1s -r:i:I-git. and plants. Dr: the week-.-I'I::i:i. 'uIiiIlI.'.rlE- I-I-sgr con-in "1I.-fI.I to fish try .la'.-oi i:t:i1.' i:u.Inrnii;|ht. Fi.1i:isti:r_-:1-'taims ii'it1ll1:tt
-eii-:.'l1'l'i*'.|u-er 1rI:'i:r.is-"iI:1ri=.11IPI-'.tI'.iIe|ZLII.~'::-'.i-E-

-:5:-wii in L-in near future.

I-'r-:.-I-.'-..'i'.='-

-'.-.-L;

'--.

-Ii...

...-.

..

.-

.. .

-._-._ _l ...
.-.--Ii.-i.I- .-:

I...I-1 .'-s

_I

-, l

;..
-

e
._

Lar'ir't-Esase.-til Fish Farrn-3


-'-at -1- H11: ..'=i'id !I.'i--'.-'-- .*.'i'i1i-.=. in ti-=1 |r'-I}|I.'.-!'I fall"! :'.-Iii..'iI:'::'l :ii
_=-.'.- :':i -ii-"I-.Jl".-.'i ti:-:- .|-' .-Ir Fci-.-or TiiI.'- |-.'=. . r. .':r-.'- i.=.I':i.l .;'- |.'li:'.|'- .'-.
liI..'l'i'!l:ZII.=.-r I.'I!: li:7J'i -'.|..II':-. . .'il'-:1 |.L-r.'i'.'.-l'i:-'-. l.':!iIJ |!'i.'i=i.t'_I .-:-'.i-. |:.'iI'll'i'-;

-'ilI't -1-'-r.-.'-r:-:l:'-ii: r.--n ir-:1-ii--.-.-.1:-'-I .-'.i._:::'.-;,- tn-.'i .'sr-.'- Ilii'rr-I-.uri.?

l':ii I: r:i'-.'i: flIL'|.".":'- -:-i -:.r:.'i:'.t.'i|.1'-17:5. I'.'Iri':.'iIiiI_-i*, tli-.'.- [':-=.'.-i'.:l-'. is

!.'1|'.Ir.Ii- |IlI.""i".-|'.'l'! ii".-qini "uj.| il1.'il true fl'I-'t:":[.'_,'f|'.I'.-t". l-1' r tr-.'i!-'-ca

Tho |:','I'.I'.I|.'.-ll"-fl'l."'!I| .'1ii'.i:-.iriL-,- i-or fi-'.h.'-i-,' .'.ru.1.'i:'iii.a-'..iliiir:= oi


_=-.'ii'-r:i I.'.ir!-.l:'i|1'.';'l J:-hr-i .'.n:l F'|..|.'-il F:-.-r-i . :=. .'iqii.i-.'ii:tiir-_- ':1"".|':'|
-.'-|.'Il":.!'iI'E| ."'l"Zf'H!'-'.
I

._ _
I
EH-' I.

.'

I.-i

Ii.

'i-.-i 'i-_'--t

'.;I" i-:__| .; _-Lu--'_: '| J ._--'i I-ig


I"-' '- =-"I:' III! '_

niI.i-.I ::'-'.n--

||'.i'I l_d"I.'I'. :1 ."'II' I II

-:-"--s ! -'.-'-: '-' '


1- l'i._i!i_I-.

;.-iI-': l.'l '_I'.iI '

-.-

'il

l.l't'r'._ I."-1'
._

r-'- inr-

'

|'-'-' ."- :iI'-:l 'T!' -.li-.- -.i-'--:-':

_ .:

"'

'.

..|.'.'--.

-|i'I|

-'

a"

'.

.1

'-

:u.."-.'-.

"';-I-1-_. .;.

I--rtI-'ieu:_i-we-:-l'1I'I-IIr.I-I"-,i

E-Io iIe-:ntIrI-

II}

I}.-l1r_-I-I-I:I Eel

- Eula-qucsip-r| ri|..|rii:iIi.eu

ll.|3lII.Il1lt1"-'i'l-::

I lr-i-II-oi.-urn--I I--ii-i
'

--_"" _

J-Ls '_.-lII-rrIo~.iI'-i;i-FIIII-'E-II-

1;"'

I.

4r|H'Iirn

.I-''

I
CI-t:urI-d

I
"'""=
pg: 1'"-'1

..

It
_ .

"'Jhv' -.__-'

I nears.-u.i-i-:i on Iran:
- '

H."ub"'

IQII:

'

to-:1. mule-rant

FI-hnann

-.

_ .

1r.lr.il1i porri-ui-ulna

"lm

ii In i-". .'i

Irhfhidtmrll

Iii-Ir-is-inn PI-win. i'I'|Ih-FI'


.'|-I
l'II-rI I:i.iI'lIuie p-Io-n-.|

l'-I'd-are he-:1-. B-I-I..ie

'.i It-

l.nIleqrInIriIII'id-:righ.II._

'I.ilII.II.IIo-I'I- 5-I'Ii:iIo-'.Ire

Escape the City for Fish Farms


Fishing. once a mayor part of local traiizlitiions. still has a high

signicance tor the local iiihabltants. As such. these are

sesre-rat spots II1. aqua=cLittLIe sites open lcr recreational pur-

poses. They ate located next to the sea, alongside seafood


testaurants and land-based ponds.

Very few sea-barsed fish larms are easily accessllole lor

Iecreation. For this reason, the-,' are relatively urilmown and


not present in the rninizl cl people, although the 1'.airns have

their own special atmosphere.

lir.-H-:i-lure u PIIZII-dl-It|i.'I'I |rI:iEII:es-e

ill

l.II:l'I-'i|u:_rIi.rIe I2Il'IIf"|Ill'|

5-ueinon

-HI

C:-.l_1lI_-Ir.I-I:l 54-I

tie-.iii-oi.l'rI.irIIuFI-2-10.-ri'd:u-I Ind Elo-i-as

_ -..i:--- I....'ld

|'h-m:I1III|I.l.I.I cl In h-all-sl

Mt. l-Ihu |'lI 1IIiie:l-IJIZHFI


iI.:I-MI

M:

limI%IIIF'rlIIl&IIII|l

Il

lle-l.liIiIihiIiiliIeHri |iIleI'
l-uitiul-d ilereis
_'r.iuId-IiIeiIiiIliliiIsIieI.|nLilli-IIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIII
tilleeeletli-are
3iellIt|I-'|'IlIIII-Illi
='lII|rInIIeHI=IIAItIII
-

-enneenuiunliqle

{nth-IiIc_tye or In-r_III_i-I;-I_y

E-III l'II'|tl

I-It

3""

Production
meets
Diversity
While fishing and aquaculture of the region currently produces

enough seafood to feed the population. there are several problems

that must be addressed in the future. One of them is the issue of the
rapid regional growth leading to a decrease of fish stocks.

This raises the question of social and economic sustainability for the
metropolitan region and its development. Several potential aquaculture sites are not reachable because of lack of infrastructures or funds.
The need for recreational spaces. and tourism growth around sea
culture. could provide a beneficial secondary income for farmers and
fishermen; increases in visitors could also have detrimental effects.

By sustaining this sea culture, their traditional way of life can survive.
Singapore currently produces 5 percent of its seafood; the govern-

ment has mandated an increase to 15 percent. To achieve this goal.

the aquaculture is encouraged to increase production through new

techniques. Fishing does not receive as much support. because of

the relatively small sea surface and its high dependence on infrastructure.

Governments of Johor and the Riau Archipelago also aim to support

increased seafood production via aquaculture as well as fishing.

The support includes subsidies to fishing communities in the form of


material. education. technology. and infrastructure. There is also an

emphasis on social and cultural affairs. The increase of income and a

fair distribution of it helps the rural areas to be autonomous.


As long as the communities are stable. they will be able to retain
their culture. One way to reach a higher awareness of the traditional
sea culture is to increase its visibility and accessibility as a recreational activity.

l.IrIdrII=l|-rI1eliIt:I-rIII'I12lII-IIi:ie
Icyllt-lh~l Hi rlpl J-Ilillnr

Ipininenztr-rIui:Ml'ieh
Mien

5-|.|Ill'Il'|IhlI H"lI1tl|IIl'| H"IIl'IUN'IiIl'lI'

-"t'l!L"_l!.!'!!'

illh'i'|IIbI|IH'IIIiIII'IIl'I'IIIWl'lll'I'

ttlseeiitafsttimsoii
eiii.mitsoi_Fzsas$
_liul'lI.hh|
JlllIIlIl-III
nhsmlolnleiuhtuui
.IiI|-li-i-l'||tl'iI-i-inn.-.|i-let
_I|i|-been-dllliteriiiu
[5 solid-Illeiltllillreeelialtll

Lou-hudniueu
unriII liltlltllll
Q linitlenetii-nsthiihu

|I'Ill'IeI:ltIiI

-"I.'l!L'.'!!;!'I!'

Ih'i'|IIlI|Ih'IIItiiIII'IIl'I'III %'l'Ill'I'

Itsizdeaitrsshn
Ee~.it.yI_I'issL-siieiet
LE3:

ilseeeulseteienshtelteemsittvaccest

lIiIel:IeiIrieI1ilr:iIllyrel:II.ilt.iIIiI.iltinIre-

itlucedoonnectianbettue-enthedtyuidthe

uai.iitsnt::rina-uiniirtiiauuiituiipiiuutt-iii.

slleepnel-dsnslwllht1'iemtl'ietII-dilioriel
1:I.lurIn.

Dre-tl iniuttlllndreclernetlonprooen
duouoyeduro sntiariaiuiiiporsuithr
d'iielbl1I:tiac|ts.'IhetuIterqtuityhtiieeeeiIIeelrlilttiliotl-tllsrtrlntlmtryeridtheciy.

L|.IJ;tI___l-lI'3%

ti-rows-in" oitiIeei'eech|IInueforFiIlieig'

nritttti-totntuluirnii-uadiw-iopniunt
ti-ii:lttloi'tIllternptIti|ureie-tii:Irtllui:l.tieoernelherdoriotl uvinedeodlrl

ol'y.t't|1It'tiiedlIspi|ieetli'ii;;lcnrIii:ii.ii-ii;I.neerl:ryIn'IIll-oollelisliiigpouridnhevlnorne
outotiuee-_

Eeoajeim

Gr-u-riiicni unouieruzturiomlni-on.
Tltetraelltlerieioceuiieeneetieeerillble.

etnlirubletmvietitdeveloprrieritdiil

nag:-orutheettiltirigpcpthtliansndthei
Ieewlturw.

groom

l!iIlrIinlhltci:rrII.rru:IiIi:u1.1:ioIiIernrIiei-teens

pnrt.nridienlinioIleitiuiiunniniit::iiupuelriiistiliiesiisisl-r::i.ilIi.ii'elti-titietnt

e_Ii=.I.eeIeI_e:ii

llieusarinenenebhfmruednwhp
rrtei'tI:|Htttie.eqt.l1:t.ItiIelrti:liauy.rrtsirily
buouuotguodwunrqultty.

Hnvndese nnerertolhltfumsbecetne

etliicltoffunduattterztiritel-uiaiiaut

desolation

Ttie-:ilfIItoreereelaii1egII.'rlnl-in-illsyllltgtlt.

flrileignveile-IlI.iIil1lii=l1rII-rI.Ioersl|iere:p'-tiri'I
linlIistiod:s.lti|bcti'ieneriuirot-ntiieritelrtiitt

nneettiriomititon.
dl-itliil--I-I

$l'l'llil'I.i'leIIl|hI|Ih

i-;'-;-'-!1IitIIIuwi.iI'II-

u IIlIli'-tin-It-III-I-III-ti

M rltiekfol
III|IiIrIeIIIwIoIlIIiluelfllillriq

Iii-I'l-|IIiIIe

t':tI=i-tor-iIIIuI:

iggggggggggg

Ftllfeill

Iuinrmluldeieluu

Isa-t-i-i-en-Hire-u-he

Ian-hnehhhm

I Llnii-Iillinilhtrrieuure

II Illleur-ti

._...ii.ii-auiibiuliui-ail-u

auburn-

!-F!""".l?.'.'i'f ""."'."!.l'

9""""'F"'i""

"7

u-um Iii-Mao

31'"

Urban
Fishing
Any kind of viable proposals for reconnecting the sea and land must
include advantages for both sides. cine option is to make seafood
production and sea culture more visible and accessible to the general
public. As a result. it would again become part of the city. and at the

same time. offer a welcome contrast to urban life.


In the city centres. especially in Singapore. the perception of an island
is gone. The public accessibility to the coast is low. and the traditional
sea culture has nearly vanished. in the city. the sea-based aquaculture
has big potential for reconnecting the sea and the land.
The growing city and its encroaching on the surrounding territories
drives displacement of the rural sea-based population. The remaining
kampungs sometimes suffer under isolation. further impacting the
resident fishery.
Some developers perceive views of fish farms or fishing boats as
aesthetically unappealing; however. these signs of traditional culture
could be a valuable and picturesque part of the landscape. As an important cultural and geographic identifier of the region. reconnecting

recreation with the existing fishing tradition could reintroduce a missing cuitural aspect into society.

LIia-ri F-ri.pi~:rdi.r:Iu-arr-r-ti
tIl:rIlllIIIIIIlIllI:

... .. . . m.

._

A
._
...

.... .

l.l.!...i..f
.

......
...._.w.J

l.r...r.
-...
..

._. . k_.v.i. ._. . .


. .m..
.m. . . .__

.ri.

3..

...ao.._
_
.2...

I...%...

_.

...

_.c.c..__.
__.

soonest
..
. .:
t _.
.

scea_. s_s._

_.

'._.'ll_'l:_-ll'l Fit-'.li Frt_:-t;ltir._::_ir_tri Elrlt_2l Fi'i_-I.-:;rr._r.''.1it_:-ri


-"-.:':;.i 'i- ii:'.ii- i: it. ll'i-.- I.'l.=.'i-'. :'-l -ll'l'.l ': Ii I'- llii:i'i': 1-l--I -:'|-'-.:.'.

Ii-.| ri-.' -' '3-ll l:'.l'i -.' .i:'i le- :-: .':-'lI.. '.I--.i -I: 5' "I"-I"
-1

'-'-ii'=':i.-. l'i'- "liI'

"E: .2 .i'.-.- l'i-': -.'.-:i'.-'-' ii'i '. l-'1:i"'I-.'l.rl-"i'rr'rlIl1|.'ll-til fl-'Ii"' r'ii'-

=.'._-'i .'I'.i'-- l"-";


.iii'I-' '.l'-I'- l: '.!i"I. .'.lI'- riI'.-- r. -. ill.-'i .il"'I'I
l".- I. 5..-.'i.'i |.'-= lI.li-.'-i' lli :'. '.-.!|.'-:'.-'i='i-. .I II':- '.5":I'i :'.i'. .I .'ii-'."= l-'-.'l.i .I': .
:=-'Ii.:.fi-"-: . "-li'iI'

=.-::._::- -ii

II -'-1' .-..'Ii =-'i-' i".

Ii -1
1

_.

_
|l

I3
'

If

.
I
_

Ina

FIIIIIII .tl_-1

I-Jr.-:-.1 L':y
T-I-tl p T-uiciiui

._ o

..
1'

_'i.
'-l-

-.
.

..

"'0'

it

..-

tntegration of Coastal Kampungs


into Urban Fabric
In the cities of the region, r'ni.i-:h of the fishing i.'.iil'liit-e has
:ilrt=.-it-rfg.-' tiis.'I.ppi-'arci'l_- it is iniportant to integrate the remaining traditi-:ina| lishirig culture into the city it is a port of the
identity of the region and also can he a ir:ilu:il*.l-e part of
the new cn-,- which lioeps the pen-pie connected to the sui
rounding sea
We propose a sii;-.iis.itivrI.- integration of tirhan elements into

the lizam p-an-g and con nection hetv.ieer'.tholt.1mpiiiig and

the t.irI:.'in f;ihric_ instead of isolating or rreplacing it.


_
_
_
_
Lil-in this_ the sea culture can rernairi in the city and i:'.:L'i
he :1 part of the rL'ri|y life. as :i cultiiral centre with restau_
_
_
_
r.'ints_. fish markets and other sea-oriented functions This

will preserim an-;'l reinvigorate the traditional -.vaI,.' of life

,,'.'_':f:'_':.j'_;:__'_;J'_'.'h,

-"J "II-I-'t'I"

'-III-"u'Is|_.'Ii-'
'

LIf"l.'I'Jl|:If.1I."'_I'.1.|

I'-un:-

._,__._..g.__. ,. _ ._._
"I*l-1='4l'1*I~-"v'I'"=tIII'
In :| i-i I.f|'4-.I.'i'l
..... ..... .-._i......
.
d
|l"'I-'iI--'|.15iI"llII'I-'ii;"'iI'|'

"'m"""""' l':h_"'

l::l'_Il'll ir_e-;: .:iiiJ Tr_tI._iri:-_:i1': .'iri-:_f :Ei~:_+.'-i Cl=.:l'-.I.i.Ir_J.


Z-:.'.-I l'.'.'i-'- -.'i fI'.-Ii'i-'-"i- ll 'i'-'- .'-I.-!li l.-i'ii'I'I"'.'.i.'i' .'iii-.l l:.i'l'i'lil |'-:"!i'Iill'i' -'i'-l.'il=-'-i- l-'. l".='iif:- '- .'il ll l"| -.: I :i-iii'I'-

F-.':! -'l'iI' -..'i!ii_'.'.i."iI_|'-' :".'-"-:'I .": lI' iii i'-. .'i:-"-.':'-. -'.i' i l :r Eiti I.-'-l.
lI-'-I.-. -'-"I'.l-.' i.-.' l-.
.i'
."il-"rt -.!'iI'i I -l-' !I' In ii
|'Il-'-i:ii.- li-." r'--.--'-'i i '-':'i'i.il l ='=. ='i:'- .-'. 'i_.' '. i:'-:TI.-i ..'ii i l- -='..i: '. :' .'ii': -.-I--' i'i
-:' I 'i'. 'i- ' -.'.--.'i -"'-I'- i!iI'-ll'I'i' ll t--= .'i:i l- .'i-Ii |- 'i l.:I'-ll--:' I.ii-'l-"
---' 'i.'i-'.Ii":=: .'ii':! .'i'.'.-.'i'I-i'i'-.=.-- .I.'-i i': 'i.i.i'r.

l-.'-"-'i

:=- :- :-"'2 .'

'-ii-.l -ii:

lI::I'-

ii

'-

" ' " " "

l I- .!.':=5i':':'I.'i '.I..i_. -II! l l-.'- .|'I. -..i'i-.l li.' 5:" .5: -.'i'i '-"i=i'.i i .'i".
i:'i'.-'-i l.'ii"l F'.'l l - -l lli-':iI'-i':.'i l i".I.'---" '-i I 'i"i-: "l-.-i':.i'. i: l"r'-

- -- -I

lIi::iI-:

' __.'_ _

__

Sources
Cultivated Sea

BI.rbohu.J.t3.{2DDlJ. Hi-Cltmiigof hr
Frat-itlerrriHllt.tcryi:l*ttie.|iIsriheFlI.li-er:lee
at-f-oIi.itheestlleI'Ir: I5-ED-2'lDlJD. ngeporei lnetttte.ecl'5n-iIPie|eti'ieiII'i-3ttid-

tn.

II_2'IIlIII.;;.

Fiti-odaiti-itlslligrictiurie Clrgarileatlon oIl'the

ui-iiiindliletiorl l,'i.'ll.'IH]-. il'1IIII$tiler:iIl'lIl:i'lli:l


Fhl'i-I-leeeridiIlii:trecr.h'tte'e.
Fotiizleeritl-llii:irir:dtLuIel'.lIruei1it-etion ofthe
Uriloedltiatloris [1't}1lt.lilsrlnellieeoureu-

lililusernceritirei Petite. lnillteirieiiiroltlie


State-oIl"l"l'orli:l Marine FlIl'tI|"|' Rel-titiroeu.

Fulurieeuts qiuisattue F:-.Htiii'c.ulPa

ii-rII'.5

5It!LIU'II|!$-Wii-i Fi:l1cIinlJl*MlIDfllfI'E1lCIII'l-

trIet1'l?l1Ilil.F'i=ii:lIIlti'..it.Itiailic|ilI.illeIilIii:It
Eotitheiletilslii.

Hlliitloel lilliticli-idsii-ulI.l.IliIlIyI-leentl
Si-igqsoru.3iigeie-re trliterirl
nuiem

i|ii.ri1'iitiIrlt'r'. 2'l!l'l-il.

Iiuiiitiri Iiiiliiiriiuriiilii. Ithintrntapiitiiuo

Fishery .ilu.itIiitirli.it. Ell-I.


Gi ermieDrill. I-PMS-litliriioulttli. DHI
Water 8: Ei'riI'ltorIirrierit, Siriittlpore. ilili
Joseph Aritonei. Sun litlnegiar and Fish

Femiier. 5it'lHIl=IllrII. Il.'Il'.l1Il.

mi

IrrIII'IIII|=I:III-iII=-it

wwiit.-nIIi.porr.a:

IIIIIIPIII-II'I'IuII1=Il-tII:I'I'-In
viIiriir.i:laI.-potI.rny
iInIiIw.Ieiii.oi-i;

iiriii-iunen.iirg
wwarstltpliepriiifa

'IIIiI'rIrIiir1:i-Igior.t-I1't.frrIIpI

wiiiIu.tme|sii.ga-aii;it-e.ocrn
'iiirIiI-IiLIIenei'n:ii.I1i:lI.is.i:Iu

vat-iIr.l:iais1iie-i:l.|.li:|:i-l1:irov.gni.itI
irriiriii:iIiIivl.:ieni:le.i:iri;
'irirIiriIii.nti-i'u-ii-iiilitiiiie-|liIi.r-iIIt

Ii'I:I!'-ED-I2'll|'|iIl:l|Zl'l'liil-|.'l' '|Il'l"Ij'l.l

l
_
pas-I-amnurugzois

iuttata

'llile'iInarittioIlini'Its|lthep-eitiialestthel-C1..

.llppreeeltee{2Dl.Ll|ifIe-dltirIgdmnHyShale-ere.

pill Fooelinnd Ayinultuii Drgni-iiutlcri


attheL|nitetll'leti-orislitevleivoltli-I
Ellleolworld uitie Fisher-yfte-t.oi.iii:e
t2t'illl.Fis:lierlie|sriisl.Ilitri.ieioi.ilti.rreTei:lii'ii<oelPhper.EIli9.p.'l2.
p.2Cl:FlsI1ierle|.ilni1i.|lLccelPit:-ductlcn
Sitgqaolli hta htl ll.-Biripapore

Sealer:-rlIl.':iiirisura|itltiini.ligril-'~i:in-iisnd
lrIIlitirln|ry.iIt.itl'iItitil"r'Itrf5iI'iutIII'e:l-'i'.Iir
HI-leyllsi .lohor5t.|t.eDq:iIrIrti-errtof

ration-gratin-rear-iiuitahu-yiliiariaiity

lDiIieePe-rllterm'ilRlau.lltchll:IIil;tItIi
p.21: Butd'ier.J. Gr t!ltlIIt. i-lodII1Ipoftl1e
Fri:irn'.leIiiili.liillelitiryci"tlielil|riIieF.lll'i-erliee
of-i'rotrtf:eeIHl-siilol-5l}2Dl'D.3liI!DI'
p-ateiln|dtteei:rl5oi1heeetilialIIi5Iiidleiitpit.

i:Il'-.192-1Iit'.i:ForBinaIIr:I~tIriiI: Peri~Fo-ii-ttnri-it
lleterliiu-yliitoryolsiigqiengfot
Iillhyalarlvoiltartetellemrtiri-Intel

Fuh-n-:ForIiitIu-n-iii.-rut-uyeuiriurity
fl!lkrtIiIll'eirllr.iIi'iIIi'ilRleti.llirIi-.lIili:ielIi:ii:It

EtEttL'i|!l!t!!
liti-Tirsiil-laililiiriir-iiIililondlIilniii-t.Johnir
Ftihlrtrilliii-tl-ioritisillttlit.
liIlrliitI:iliauit.li1i'i|iliirr:iiIig FH-iai-yPai1,
Eiiulp-sre.2Il!l1-ll.
litrtludy-ionoilitieul-rdip-inncF'd-ry

mlsmaiistiiriiii:cu-a.1iiIiuiiuidttinu.t:oiiip-Illnavrliostntintultltillnoteworltllid
niadeoinutymitcruiltse.

.i|i|,tie-:ial'lfiert|cstoliilirteTotialcIiIic.Sleleriie
lEI:iIItfnerIdl'!IneHr:tin.~IiInILii=l=IortedlIe
wl't!lunlrii:ii'ei:l1hleelbt't.li:r'urriIi'IIi:lue|ni:lenth.iIl-nun.

li.lilcra:It-ti:'iltl'i.Il'iltIt-ltil't.Il'ieI-dlri

IiIiiberalt..loeephill.a.tci1eli.Hcni;Ctin:tt3uh,
l.o-srt'ili'sll3lisu.l3Ii.illenieDIiIIt.TIltlir.iI.
3iI'.'Iyl-hrIi:ni:|.ai'iid Fmmmmf

thelrttereelinutsltundfarti-rlpiagtrsciul
with iiil-orrruciolt and ct.irtnu:llng tnwitli
rnlierpeople.
Tfiuihnhatollegmnidlctlerid n

Prlnoenle-rstippnrtli-igtnwihd-ielrlnovne
edge.
lileoeiecieltliilnlttoillleitlensllrlilodirt

iiiiinnlitppuriirievii-sci:-.-cudciiu-iiuti-int
titi-re-rinitli:-i.ltuitI.

I
I

_i._

r
E
E
t
II 'I:i-.'u-.

=tIi E-:'lnI-r|l'-

_ l

I'm!
-*'I
.r.-"IIIIl'|l|
'g_gIii-_I'

. l

--

Il!il".I'...'_.:-'lll1'.'ll'l-.'i

-f

'

Ii

'

ii -

. ..- '. T' r1""""


- 3-'1:
ll .. I"
g.-In-'

'---iii

5,,:__:s.gs_

i!i.rr_l-it-tI-zturo of Territory

5-Illll Region

ili.-u.I.t. Prof lu'|i|ii'_a Tcipaloui-:

E'llIl Iuriolr
FC: Futi.irrI- Eitir.-:. I..a'.'.-.:ii:itrirI.i

E-Iiigup-ore. iitdonesia. F-'l:.Ilti'i-.Iii.:i


F'roii:i at 5'

Hans Hortig
Sla!a.'i.ri lI:iIaiir:rig

Passenger Mobility
in the Sea Region

.'IItr'arv.. ......

_.-

bir

5:ir.stI. B-nrras

Eler-.iarr.in l:'lIoc-her

p.12

p.62

The Narrative of
Crossing Borders

Network of

A Short Jiourney. a Long Trip tp.l4.l


From Free to Restricted litcbiiity tp.tc'l

the Carriplaiiity of Border Crossing I[p.22l


Human Mobility In the Sitci iRegion tp.2-Itll
constrained Accessibility l|:I.2o'.l

p30

Thel oat
and the City
A Comparison of Boat Tviiltitlstles {p.32}

Fast Ferry t-ltrtwotti Ilp.3B.I


Ferry ferrninals in the City Fabric tp.-tit}

Fteitible 5rna|I~i.-i-cats Connections [p.itIEl

How Terminals Interact with the Urban Fabric tp.51'l


The iccessilolirty of the Ccastino ip-5Eil

This document is an intermediary research result. designed for non-

commercial use. Do not copy. translate. publish. licence or sell the

material presented in this work without our consent.

is 2015 Architecture of Territory. ETH Zurich and the authors

increased Accessibility
Fast Ferry Connections tpod-I
Identifying Hierarchy and Network Reconfiguration [p.B-El
Sea Transport as an Alternative tp.TtlI]I
Hop-Cin-Hop-Ci along the Coastline tp.7i'}

l.H:h-III-c_n.n or urn-I-tujy

5'lInIE'I'.|'|'|

E_-M T|'l-|'lr_I|2|I-ll

lnrn'Ich.p:rI-tH'-

Historically, most settlements in the region of Singapore. Johor and


Riau Archipelago were placed along the coasts and oriented toward
the sea; the sea transport was the sole means of movement among

the coastal communities up to the modern era. The maritime passage

through the Archipelago and the Straits shaped the distinct and diverse ethnic, religious and cultural character of the region.
After the dramatic political shifts of the 19605. precipitated by Singapore's independence from Malaysia. the national maritime bor-

ders were introduced, cutting through the formerly unified territory.


Restrictive measures on border crossing and highly secured checkpoints reshaped the habits and the patterns of the people's daily

movements. While passenger mobility between the Riau Archipelago

and Singapore remains sea-based and still relatively underdeveloped.


the massive land-based transport links between Singapore and Johor
have completely replaced the older boat and the rail connections.
Other signs of the shift from the maritime to the land-based urban
culture in the region include the disappearance of coastal kampungs,
the large-scale industrial and security zoning of the coastline. and the

gradual loss of the public access to the sea and the coast.

This project promotes the increasing public access to the sea. and
the establishing of a dense and diverse network of cross-border sea
transport among the three countries. Aiming to improve the existing
rigid and directional system. the project proposes new models of sea
transport that would increase the appeal and the quality of life in the
cross-border metropolis. The project consists of four main strategies:
a new network of fast ferry connections and multi-modal terminals. a
small-scale water-bus routes. new connections over the Johor Strait.
and a hop-on-hop-off routes in the areas where the central and the
residential urban fabric touches the coastline.

The project also aims to recapture the character of an open maritime


|1'-| l=|5|IH'l
lull
I1-tl
Fil ?
Nb:

space of the Straits of Singapore and Johor and to rebuild some of

the region's historical and cultural connections. The sea transport net-

work should be seen as part of the cultural heritage of the region and
the cross-border metropolis.

!'T"!"""7.l'!'.'i'f.""?"!"9.l'

9' W

The Narrative of
Crossing Borders
Using transport in the SIJORI region always involves crossing a national
border. Travelling from Singapore to Johor Bahru and the Riau Archipelago. we experienced how difficult and time consuming these rela-

tively short trips can be. Travelling within the region has changed sig-

nificantly throughout the last two centuries. The shift from a relatively

borderless. unified territory to three separate nation-states greatly

impacted the movement of people and goods; Singapore in particu-

lar has enclosed itself within highly secured borders. Through the process of state formation. travelling across the region became more formal: the necessity of visas made border crossing more complicated.
more expen sive, and almost unaffordable for the daily work migrants
going from Johor to Singapore and back. with the introduction of the
|ndonesia-l'v'lalaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle (IMS GT}, cross-border
exchanges increased, especially for commercial passenger and cargo
traffic. The formerly strong cultural and social ties among coastal
communities have nearly disappeared in the wake of three separate
states focused on their own economic and social growth.

N-IlllIiHlI:|l'DI:lIlI'HII|v%I'Il

-_'r?I!1|l|IG_|'l5riII:||'5IIl'lll_|IIil:"

E-I-II-Ii-t'.|n

11

A Short Journey,

H-IIII-Itltrlafm-nilrllillrioril

'|'d:I:rIIco|.rnIrrIr. ,

Bcrdercrosstngcattlrrecatrse-.rrayarId%orIriLnlt. Sringaporesoriyoorvioccrtstohlalaysla. arojustestetliiousottt


ootswieshavebutemnruotrslrlrasuucturiomeihursicle
otI51emassiveCausevraydarnandSeocI'u;lLirrl:lJriI:lge.P'as-

sen-gets rrrustvrallt hundreds ofrneterstliroughthese rrressive

buidirgstojtassirrtrriiigmtionarr-tisra::r.rrity.
lr1'hsfolovrvigcl1apter'wee::piorotl'rereasoI1lrrghetind
reseabsIJrdphertomsI'rabp'a:tatysirtgtl1elt'moryol 'Iereg'or1'spo1r'tIcsandnatron'at-'norders.

.,_

rl - Nv~- -9 --til
chi-|I|:II|.I'IIIr

Ii5l'r-on-Id

a Long Trip

Ttreeeshestwaytofu'rdotnlIotvseauar'rspoi'tationreaIyva3r|s
it tthereghortistotairerrelerry toatam. Indonesia. Dnlyt lobrnstreslrom Slnga:-oro.theisl:rid playsan lrnj::-ortant economic
rolentheregicn.
The shortdlst-Inoeimplres that the lorry crosoirtgrsshort
artr:lsimpls.Ur1tt:ecorrtrary. itisnot. Thee-ntlreproc sof
enterng theferry terminal. rushing through "Is huge shopplrig
maltclearhignrrrnlgratimandoecuntynosmoroin-ched ttit
ttoarttiopate-d.Etactlytt're sameproceduretooit plaoeonthe
otherside. Surprisingly. tl'Irrsl'iorteItp:tirtoft:l*re~jr:it.1'rriarryir'.itt'irar

l'_:I-ITiIh_I-pl-It

tiller-nhdl

|'lI:bIn'.orIIIol

:11.
;...1.

I
l

u1~a%mTqlrn-r:d;a1IIul

''ln.lu1a

tllttrlclgu

f'r|.|r.nu-Ica-rl-.Id

I-Int-pldr|I=tuI

Fluoorlconhui

I.1I'rfar-1-ull

ferryrldstseh. Rather than thee-st'mated45 minutes. it tool:

overtwc-hours

Illa-=oIl
_

--e

Hg
1|

r_r:I-I.-Iigg tlr;ln_l'i_'tiI' Borvdg

Crosorrnathe Strait of Singapore-by boat


dots no-I diilr much [pa-rn hiring In inl:u|1rI-

I:ionalHiuh1_ The pro-codrnrc is similar In terrr-I.

oi effort to go through inaniuruion and the

hoamirrg of have-Hal

""7"'""""""'

ehthhm

'n'.|l.mgrrrIre- r.-u.|ru-I-I-rur
l|'ll'|'I-DI-'ll|IIb'i held-nu

HIII-IHHIIICIL-I

-Finn-out -:0-Hal

T,

"'Il;="IE:l.E!&_._"i-31%

The image Ih-o-vs thl Singop-all Cluslwry

Terrrrirral in Woodlnr-ids. For a building da-

sipn-I~d to
llE the border -I:roI.|irI-u
pro-oe-dire. it In err-orrnot.rc
In l:roI.h-ornrns -'ln1.IoIin;l:-y cltnqrtwyto
Ivlolsy-araorroy furrvtohdoneua -a lull body
scant "rs prlrfo-Imn-cl.

Atdrrll.-nrut

..

Q ...- g ._

'79 """""""'

Q,

tr-Ir-nu -eta-uur-ur ca-u-ur-r-r-nip

l-uruonrrrsc-ntrri-l

uuucu-on

*5

-ITI

EL-=s.I:_irta_te_'l.a _Er.-:|.u

lntlhnprrciliccaa-H ofthe Catuovmyar-d tl1-I

hri-d-go or the Sat:-and unit, the 'l:.I'v-H upe-

rianoaby bturiado-rniriatedby l-roppirtuon


and of! bu:-I-1.-rrvtl-ii-ilo:l"rul'lJ-ulioltttrcrrlurnr-1:

uazzuny and Immigration cheotrs

It-buurthu

ra..ua.r-um...

+ it? @

MI'l'lII'I"l'UIIII Il'lrit'I

From Free to

Restricted Mobility
111roughoutit|longandootrtploottlctory.dtoSl.ll:iE|ra-

rncntof the inland _trano|:iort nlvvorlr. I:l\llHI"lI.l!l'lIlll cornuctlorirsxidinolcroutos rornlinadsao-hosed.


aridthlriteofnowgpopolltlsaleritltiisln pro-colonial
InIl'it !DI1IHillDf'5l.l Ill'a SfOnT
IlI11G
I't lCiTi2l'l
nspouorft poli odolnulanndhyloosobormdulss tobor:l|r.'thosIasldontityaccoInmonra-souriooutda
cl'iarao1iarttiIi:| tholiilulruy world. During the colonial 399.111:
central. htoractlvolporo-I.vrI.sdmt'mt:lroallyro-duoodtry
Dtrt:ltandEi'igllIhornphcdtvldodthis'viorldmtr:lsr 1r|lr
1l'IIirll'-oductlonufpolIlo:IbtI'darI.AfttthI19E-3-HIE
ovrnsphorIIofir1Ihono|.lionnlrtgIhItcrrtioIi_a|hosisfor
lndomslait-lulallyslanc-orifrolttatlonofaridliltortlyaftor
Srigaporogaiudiidopuwdnnonthossabocanuazom
what would baoomernodsrn-day lt'ir:liormiI.l~ilIhljr:l:.Ini:l
physloally'drIrt'irIcaiiIdbIj'oor1nolboats.ch.ririgwhlchnow'
Eaohofthi:op_ci'lodscau'ihedlsti1gul 'iodbydloIirtct yot.ind:wore:Itforcst|lol1i'igsovIrnilg1t'y.
Irid_ovIrlapprlr'ig |'.|iII'l\il'l!ltII.':If l1urnr|n mobility. l-lstoricaihlz.
ltiorntilthiilernoralltlasrltirtlted Lltdlirttirlllgtoflhl
tlvlr legion rallorleriraly orithlmiilinoconrionttlortlr
lndonello-lraysla-Slngmore Growth Trlan linrlcatod
p-aoiplerrroIrIIrdl'reIlyovonv:ator.Ir.It:li'ng vrlihlnlhoroglon
thisltarod tvlll1iroruIr-ltttror:li.|crnliulI:llty_ocros.sttiIn1ariai'it:ltl'IlrIl-'tt:f1:I'irB world I:iyi..l.s-c:olon'ri. hndsgalnad
rnobordlrabinnrocytodtocccltuigouid transport of
lmportanonforthoirricouroosandogrlculurral production. goods. lltooross-boron rriovIrnent_ ofpasslngors rornalns
Tttoefllclorloy lri'd1-I tnriaport of-noodstovnrds Europoor
aoomtvolsurnand i'nmlgraiionoonuoTisoIntmltolnierthIoi:hIrooloniurntasaninportaritfaotorforttiodIvnlop- noilorialpoltioolutrlooonomlonlrvagotlatlorio.
gionhlsotiprarlonoordrriultbioparlodsofrrllvoloprnont

A-Itllrol Ihpp-III-IIIII
'
II
.InII-H11.

Elefore1Sl'.lD: A Maritime World


Boforethoarrtu-sloftlrs E-'.itisltinSirippora.t|'ns_rogionwIs
marltlrrio-basotl.T1Iooarlyoatt|sniorrtoworobtiltonislir'ids.
alorigthesooooastorrivoi'baI1Ii. Hv'llgthoroatofthot~a'rlhoi'yootIsredbyohnaolIoj:Jloolforost.TlreoaaldllodmIrttlnIe'
poo|:Ilo|tadogi'oa9Wlfi|:i'iloIl-advaIttoge.osul|lpsontirs
htsinoliorrallrarcbnsutscbomoort-EfifltaIridEtlopepaa%
tlironigltiiteoiitstlilopattomofdtosoooorulntcrlooon
rrnadotluroghriholknwiusasahphoomomp.

Oriya u trduvnlcpnilntollorrg-raitgnoactqlust

tradevrlodlctlnot polliloaluriltscrcaira-d.l_'l1Iu'arr:lrtlonal

lr'_hhystntIrIvrarcal'ivnysfragllurtIIlIs.becnu:c'rnlroon-

troli'IllIdor1tcsIrarouta:.Thnr:otltisoia'mglroi1|1alanr:l

tolIiIrld.fromornrhurbIi:boti1uotl1I.runIli'ilngeIulno-

ljrvuhnrabhoociutgasaoo
rtgtriolntumtlorlitrade

routIl.Anyo:|ocI'nIlntrada-hadao;:irtsIj:ji.rI1tn-lfootonthn

political I1l'tIi:lLItI:llhth'hh'yIllIl'I:I-DDLifdIllhIttlIlI'jI'

lnrltorlarIiri.I:i:lon.

l.Ii:h|r|-o_rir.rIa of rrrrroijy

t_-u T-'In_Ipa-Ii

SI-Iieaitzi-II

t~lIiII-Itlvrloftioridrlrlllllritiril

Tori

|'It:.arr:iti:fIrr'iI|aIfr:rIIrtrr'i-:|

l'lr-Iirwuirrprrjr-rI i-butt

IUHH

Ill-I11 hr-I.1l1-.1

hadron

1'

Irl.ItI.ll. I'll-r-t'ru.l|:Ioll.

Wagon Hirv;-Irtr-"Iii Johor


prim.-_ rota

ti-ilU'I

I..-t:i-Iie4iirirIitfit'.-I-irirIrrrir'|-

Ia-aa

1324-1963: Development of Transport


Infrastructure Singapore - Johor
The den-etoprrrant and impriovement of the connection botweeri Singapore and the trrtalaya started w1"th their growing

p-oliticarl and ecoriornical association drr.rr'ing ooioriiel trrriias


tinder this British East India t'..orriprririy.

'r"i'hereas Singapore soon turned into a port of regional


importance, t-talaya emerged asa major producer and earporter of raw materials. Seeds were brought to the Sirigapore Port. and shipped throughottt the world. an interdeperirderrcy that only increased with time. For greater
efficiency. a railway was built on both sides of the Strait.
first oorinected by a ferry. and later lirilted by the Causeway.

1819-1963-. Evolution of the Relations


between Singapore and the Riau Archipelago
The history of marrtirriie access between the Riau Islands
and Singapore is one ot growing and contracting borders.
The signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty in London in 1324 introduoed political borders to the region. A striated border
zone between Singapore and the Fiiau Archipelago allowed
people of common ethnic l;i.acltgo-und tree. unrestricted
rnovement across the Strait.

The cultural and familial ties between Sirirgaporearirs and


ltlatr Isienders concerned more than their ial heritage; "rt

wars also important to their economic livelihood- Until 1953.


the economy of the Riau Archipelago was more htegrate-cl

with Singapore titan it was with tl'H.=.i rest of irrdorresia. Movement across the Strait was perceived by the lr1l'i.tr1:i-itants of

Riau as an way of life and a sigi ol shared Economic advan-

1&9, Johor Strait Ferry

tEI.i'-it Johor Strait C.suser-Lag

tages Even after indonesim independence and the subse-

Eluent creation ot national borders. the islanders continr.iei:l

Before the lI.rrr..r:miir:ay urn l:r-uiltg, brntwilqn

Fa.uar'ir-grrrrtr omrld -r:.roI.rr the nriiii -C.rrr.r:-niipy

to sail freely to Singapore.

oorte-:| color: the .loli-or Strait by ferry


He-r:ai.n-u of the tiling r:liritnarri-d for Cargo
transport. tiocrilled wrripori terrier were inrri:r-

tion to intirearing cargo trianr-rzi-o-r't. persorirrt


trarriap-ort t!!! to 3D.iI.lD p-rropln prrri day by
l'lit5-.1

the first geopofrthoal event to drasliicaliy restrirct this regional

19131 and 1919. people and cargo were trana-

duped [irnarg-oji in orri:|-at to in-cruise rrllir:'iI-n-

cy. Se-on the-terry reached its limit. dr-ii.-inp


demand tor ririore vititite aitiernrrti-rs-L

by rail. by autornoitriia, and on root. In addi-

The Indonesian-Malaysian Conltonta onof 1963-56 was

mobility. The Riau Islanders suddenly found newly imposed


national borders forbidding them from freely entering Sit-

gapure.

'!'?"!""".?.'.'W ""."'."9.t'

9"""'W""

H-IIII-Iiveefbtnilrlt-IlItit1r'II

1.ai|I.lid|.IhI:ru|

lneIlv|eIIl1I-r:IIrhule:nI

-ltuti rnnulx.

I.;~.5'}"'

_}5~L

#4:

I -. .!| n It 1'1-tr-L:'-E-'-Ea-J.
tn-rieneete - M-Ilg-5'5 -

-.'-ss!Pm.r,eee..T_reestt

In De-cu-rntser I959, 5a'r1q,q:-c-tn: Du-pew Pr:-nu


r'rI-'ni=I.ter Ge-h nk Tenn inn-eur-end the
Gr wth'I'r?it1-u I new eet'.I1-emit: crass |:-cI'der renhn:1sldweieprnertteeneept.Hv.ea|ntended tn r:|:Inun r;.I-pp-nrtunitaiel Eu 5irsg.ep-are

tnaddrenttneeernpuitlw |:Ilt-|FI'|I:'l uhbeI:t.|'t'n:I1 be ecaerases-9 eheap lcheul, lend.

The Arising ef Berdere after


Singapore's lndependence
After Singapore gained 'n1dependence.inteIectien with
neighbeusin the Rise Islands and I-eh-er became
eently reduced. Despite the strong eI:=eI1cm'n:e1. seciel. his-

terieal and ettl1'r-celeennerzrtinns cle-ueltzrped ever Den-tLIies.


each natinrfs eitizertship and nat'u;In.e|it.1,r sud-clenhr teelt
ptlerrty. leading to in heeakdnwn in regi-zrnal ties.

LIWr"HIIIIHIIDt|'
unnunliuneees

end Iseecuted rescues-ssuehnwlter and


feed in the lieu kiln-ch and Ieher. In Idli1.-en. the ag1-uanunr wuuld Illrlcl Irmamerlt tn the regicn. rrleiuinnitrnaz-tee-:-rnaetv

live mm crt'.l'1-trr region in am: am: Snuhealt


Asia.

I-Iew-I-ever. the G-I'cnnr'th Trnrsgl-I and the

irr1|:I|l|T'IlI'|lId Spleill Euenernic Zones Iuve


net relaxed the More euuerns Ind rl'I''l'I|-

Ie eempensate fer its newfeund sense ef tsetetten.


Singapore spent its earty -peers strengthenlng its netlenet
Identiw. Bercter restrictions were slewly Increased ever
tlme. but because ef the vetted ecen-emlc and political
delreiepmertt ef the three natierts. H131 eventuettv ted tn :1
cernptex pelltrcsl situation. paniculerhr between Singapore
and hlelarpsire.

'|l-M'

HID

H91

&e~=w1L
'Le_tiJ;_Bere1LLr'tIec|.I

The grant: c::Ir'rI|:enn-the GDP per-re-spits


crf ue three -crauntril-I: E-iI1 np-n-re, Mehrsle and tndeneatc. tt shows the ehsnn-in-u
FIIDI en! It-urtultlu dewln-pnrunrst Icr thy tht-I-I

en-arntrhutr-nr Slnmperu -nstnedi irrdspuse


I-nee. Thu bertl-er beeulm es ncnrictiw tn the

eeene-n-nc setn ms ptmical unsgereetinp

are-Ihr nlrletul d'u-per"-tJ'u Icreu thl Etrlitl.


Aehep ewnertetd ue: '.Aeeerdrnq tethe

s1:en'u-sefthaetd p-neptni-rtargmq Pinanq


th-Itrwe-ul-due ternnseeretnret techan
|hIirpchlEI.jLE1I-btrrfiln l NI.-W it in thvl

reverse. Stnuaperecm name to Iindeneu: to


then.

NQJ

30

Et_~eem11I_Eea_LP_e.-me e

n-aspen hsnsiult rid I:-order eh-Idccents.


tlthiletirettuhtburvder nus beeen'teeentrnt. it isnnrnrllul-In Ileureenl debate

amen: the-three net!-ens.

nretien eentretl Tet pee-pte In-irn; 1-e tee-ch


Single-ere fnerrl lnrderl-lite er Hell-nit. Fer
|n|1.nnce.neqtmr:trurn Euun met Bintan
cur:-net mew In: Singapore as eleihr es ether tuurhttl ulr l:u.|'.I.i'lu-B pet:-pin. Her has the
Growth Irten-we made bender rehtlu-nrs with
Jahur err-{I-enreurnpir.-|dEI1.tanI1: uftnvnl

timulnd ilTIt'|i|'I|-iD|'| Wwm ll :11-e-A-n


en the Pele-ulna page

Hill!-'ll'tiIIt:l' BID-I ll Ilillltllfll

5?"!""".?.'.'W ""."'."9.t'

The Gem tr.-Iexity


ef Border Crossing
After the natureet the border changed in the last decades.
the cress-border transport links ecquireti diiferent let-els ef
peiiticai significance between the netlens en either side. in
the spectre: case ei the SIJORI region. it is essential tn differentiate the berders between each nation.
The disttnetien is espeeidte visible in the materiel manilestatien of customs and immigration facilities. In some
cases there is a separation of ttanspert infrastructure [tom

border security. while in others transpert linitsancl cheetapeirlts are united as part of theserne procedure. -Ii-ltheugh
the before rnenttened examples are referring tn the berder
between 5-irtgrapere and letter. some ef the sarne cencep-ts

described here after Feui Barter li'D06.I. r:eI.IIt:i be applied


to the rnaritime border with Riau.

% I----)
.'.F.?t!.eI.:

C-erte-in pt:-tr-tieee It the bar-d-et ere eleerlv

rntde tn In-cetuiee er tit-eeereue eertein

Nine?

ery similar to the titer oenoeert in terms


at eneeureuin-n er dier.eurrtnln-3 ew. the

I1-postal Bevel. Thle littering roiettl theb-ntcler

'tro1tte'Iet'td1I-a-I:-e more precise. in hot. it

een h-trttetrer site be etstenred en en treane-rnicet it-tel {tel}. withetrt ee-ntiderina the
checipe-'.nt hettie. The titer ecu in both
were einoe the two on-.rnt-hies htwe ooet.rest-

indicates that the iilterinn teriee elep-end-inn


enthe Iiewtiireetientnd en whoieeu=ntreifutg the -e-purtit-g end cloeirtq of the '-rel-to.

Itu intentetl reqlrtnu -us-ode tnifc in ll'It'1

>M--->
.'.!..'.l_'!.".'J.'.'.

This in en enntpte ot' non-border trtntport


inks-lltlinraereie thetreteteetet-ct-Irei|:nt'v
and tenitnrtaletr. It is the eh-rIi=nl. vidhie
si-nnol. oneeettntrtleienninu etrthon"t1retrer
itete-rtirer1r.|'i-to prectieei reie oi the ehecie
punittl In clettttnetiett entity in eprnpiernenle-d
bee eyrnbotictetnrln nteitinu thenetton'e territe-rintr

tn the eornpetrtion between none] and eti-

uete mobility [lots in tent re-enuetil.

Qe e -:%
1tr.~at=.e-'r.tit_.D_eeC

The transport Hnh een eteo be understood


ts e tit-it-r-tut earrdtenqe. tn: between Singapore and Meteyett. They ecteee't:enqe'm-

ing |:h'q3"lt1 the peanut end qaonuzeuai

rehtten-thine between the two eeuntriet


The pulling and betwinmq between the
two eourttriee hennerne an tiltierent leeete.
Auhattlnebnve. thedep-endeneeelS'tt1t|enoreettltetteeteior water supply, enttthe
arnpleyrn-ant ment! H-tleteizent here in Sin-

'.._'ttu_o_r'~..Fc_b-_1tI

The ttenepon ltnite can he depiete-dee eel-

lftti-en p-sint't' between tferent pulietr regime-c. There": no ttt-idettcoeetewiiitu tosolve theee p-ctiiticei-|:iiot:re1a.1t'tu'estt're ernr
htrtdof eeep-eretton.

.'E-mr.r_ttee.ttt1enseT

ht-tn-thecr Sin-pepore not Johor heteeenthe


C-ittrlettrtlr er the Beeend Linit I-I 'tinttrItiw
bridges, l.e. he re-ttrteeenlnti-true ot e petuntiel Ice tact-upereti-cit 'l:t-ehtrlut the twcl l't-

tic-ntt. Theintpleeterttettenel trenepart iinitt


deeentee-n tn bepnnalitedtoe p|.'.|tIti3:e'lit'f
to outlet:-erete totterde. e otebelhr oan1:-etititre creel-harder re-nierl. "I1 spill rat the tintrel ooneept behind the Ittlertoeie-Mela-.r~
II'e-Sirtpepr;-re I3rewth Triangle te creete en

'e:tteretot:t rnetropotiten report.

|;|Ipetre.

llneulelei

o:*:e

I-Ill-tlulsl

seosoo
ll-DEED

use-rt
i.I-DI:I't'I

Ia-er-1-_u~n_i-='i|_=24*_n-rite

The ennetent. Increase in tail ehtreee fer the


Cettnetnnrr end the elreredy hi-uh nee DI the

Seeer untceueemenutentic ltutrtqeh


ioct.

5-lrgigegnle
The littering p-roceeeet the C-eueewetr eften
fell: in the httnds al Singeporean irt1enigreti-ctrt and ut.tItt:trt1I. nitsete. wtlect fut 2IE.lt'lI'f'

roeee-rte" eontluet t-nnttle eetectie-e end tiscriminttertl prectieel-. Till liite-n'rI-9 prt:-set-I
no-rtttibutee to the massive treio pants on
the C-M.IHt'iI't' teed-inn inte Sinuepere.

F?!-_*E.PE!'|_l_lFFLiE

E91911-u_u

ED%eLhH

Le-t.ttI"t' prneliltnp tttetettitetltel l-t.Ii.'h0If-

The Second Llriltitnetiitesl reeifrictien be-

Sine-t the ltit e. Singapore end l-ltia-reins

The c-anetru-ctien of the Second Unit wet

iy. tt-rte 1;":-gent}: mer:ht'.ree-Iihe Itttlltttq, 1|

ttrtnen 5'I1q:pr:tt'-e et'e:l Mlle-pin. Bcllt l:Dt.l'|r

Itatte he-rl e i:tat:|t-.enI:l-l'ctrth die-t:.t.teeinrt an the

rneenl tci eugtttnrtt |'ict-en-n1 rIIi.'.lI.I"DII be-

triee have ectrttidere-d diilnrent epprnec-hel


to reeet-en-no theeaete and managing rternlnd en the new hrid-ue. Thit tlatneinn
oreeteo e sutnttttril ouer the toll rate: end
at-tntusii-r erected en unte-tettreb-1e titul-

l'HIDeI.ei|.'y'tu repiheetheetneeu-ptuith e
mega. Reopening the toner Strait tetheritirnetrec wnttl-db-Ine ! Meirrtie. but Sinqptnonelettbeenopooeed totheptoieet. Instead. itleit-rt-iehetpntsentedeprepeeelte

than-rte lrtttrn I-phi:-r Bttltt-t.r depicled h.


wean-entee the uiaitort on eeoi-r aloe oi the
Cetttetvev.

tion for both rtetictni. Since it: completion in


1993. theta-n-due hetnet been Lreedtesftll
cepecittt

burn it: ide til the Cmreevrey int:-be 'r:rcIt:Iit-

ed. at better. 'et:e-nic heli-bridge

tween lhttl'eInttet:'tt:ir'tI..|re|teet:in:rl l:eI-r:t:r-ttieg


eoortneeti-an it eecente, ahcittnowenother

rnntn of imposing Sinnepure-In er P-lthvtitn


enereiantt.-, with e oheoltnoint ttree on both
endte! thebIidpe.|v|ert-st-tr. titeimpteee
11'-ell:-tlb-flhe-ler:I: nl ea-u-puititrrtbetwleen
the two eeurttn-eI.wI1eci'i eentempiated diliiereeu eppree-cltee in -t:trt:|-It In rtrecwttr the

ntpnsertdlntttenege th-eIctilet:n'tI new

bridge. I:-Itrlld evemutllye loeeloee tstuetien 'l'hebriduewseinteet never trtedteitrt

hil-case-cit-pl.

HrI|'I'lIIVI-Ill'Iil|Ill'|li II'II

Human Mobility
in the SIJGRI Region

tnuemtaelim

The dj'l'Il'I'iiI..E at ems:-horde: itlemctium and ntcwerrrant

from cemparativehr low wages and cheap land.

mud? and 'ieisure'. Singapore can be seen as the ene-

its status as E glvubai munspdrtatlun hub. -Goods produced


in the tegien are shipped wunridwide from Slngupnmfs than

uridtit the regien me em.-uernety cerrq:-ie-3:. It is necessary to


eeperete the flows in diiierenl eetegerieus. prheipaliy iete

nonieei centre of the entire regien. More glnbel eempanies


are headquarteredthere. when-eee Johor and Riau mere elten function as slngepe-re: hinterland. -n-hetethe senuie-es

and indusiriesef Eilngap-are-based eempeniesean pre:


1

L
n

.l

"

I;-.19
.-:

H
3--'.'

I-I-III

'h' IilIlHl'I:l

1 1??!
-I'll-I2|h'nI'pI

4-Hr--1lhII.iIIi:IhuIiiIu.i

37.? sir-an-an

-'

.:=

_._

---Ulill fill
--r-l

.1. .

'I I - .-4: I

a;"'-..'t"f';- 1
E:--I

I i

-_._ .1.

------ -3-+

':

'

;..-''i

'

Eneme.amt

iituinlridsoilhllwilruanlnnmlndliir
fram3uitnt.IIi'-IrHhI4:u=IlniiuirIu.iIiwnr.

tn-nuih1$ing:pem,whueLi-nwu-nli-uIt-

er1n~|na:I..Furrh|i1urrnm1bIreHninnan-anensluuuerrieve-d'lid-lt=I'I:nt.hi1i'-rn:na:uu11rrnn~
erIorIanret'I1ae=|.ine-rd-nrlelrnuitertuetuir

:lImhr~ddf|ivinn.ThryInndtemwetlI-Iir

enhreleI1Iii|ItheIe.telteup-Iiteitlunlllaithn
ulnar-u.Sin1n-I|:nre|nu:II:unhIbntdIrf-nr
t:Irioi.:InIrwrI:le-I-n-ulleliilrvnlpu-rluxr

Iueeledueuiemlegetmedieuumaem.
erferunnialactitritianiinnepueuueftn

undtuldmrnhwnunhuidfnrdunpcr

Ihumine.

Itenemlut Monument

5'-

-L__

Htlnberell

danced in thew-2, paeptemaveaemesdieregiuorialtrianaie.

' --

2-:

t:*._ -

h0'l.lt'ChI|'l3| Airpertcutnectspesaengetnfrunttteregiunte
dertinatien-3 i|t'I.'Jl.l'|d thewdtld. Sh1g:nuiu'scaanIraitt1rise-iri-

4-.-r---'-rii

:'

My

Pan df5|i'tgai:vure's emnnvmis: advantages remit from

TH--pllphlhlntht

mnehurdfncuululiudu

treuillgl-trllzrllrlq-In-II;
Iumuul nheluu
u-I-nrqln unit In bum
E-phi.
1'i'liIIll|:I\I'h:IIII III

- ""

mel rtr-'nInden-IIII.
llh-In

~.-I-*_.:-r

?_*.'..7-

hula-Iilnun-an
M-Ihj'I|Il|t-DIIIII

* .' . *
_f

.I

.'t_-1';-:'.

IIIIIrId|II:IHriI:ItI-IIa|II'|lI
In belt nrulunl. ll-an-In

e-Inutenellunirdetuuu.

_; ~.-

._:"

mmemum
rige

-ldIii5reumn!.1nu$innnIpnr~I'nu:inI:It-Ilford:-tllniurrivutltliiilnii-IIIII1-dnIn.1'hI'r-it-flirt
renIeeeen-r:1-|nu5n1iaautinIhI-e+n~ttat-a-.ra-

tu1'mnhei'riIanthI-Ame-imudlerierierlnnr
I-rcidI'rLHI'InmIyIlrI,nutIflnduruih'u

irorule-verdueeum-ptnnmauudte

BItIII1tmII:I-'|riI1 the-um-linen rI1II1ui'l:rIiLI-

Inuindttuuvhau-d1i'iehe.Invenehr.erI'r3DC:

Ennlp-u-umfriuin ltlnt. ill:-pr II _uf-ubnl


dunplni-ulrtddtwlhlhvnirmnnthinnn-an

Rreutareeeitdneiepntentm numend

Bintani-e|rtude 1oRiuu#mHpe1enu|det
I'.'nIi:.it:l'|!nt'S|ng.-adrlnn lnills.

Tiwliuhrhnim irtulpcuetbd inirhd


Siliulpuieut-dlnhurtlunliebiitrmuir

Ihu+IhenInrmu11u:Iteundtti.eu.theu
Mala-nlemcuunlnetiteninlhetuw-wane

nurkut-rm-thtkn. Binunudinl-era-ue
uchumeuelnhumdentiintiens.

E-'_|it.1*_"'iL|"_"!.!L'i| !'.l'

9" "I"

II|IIl'II'Il'IlItlI|'IIII'liI'l

-:1I.'.
*'' I'

Integration in the Global Network


Whlle tetegronrelleamootbronltrndartdseaoonrtootiorne.
giobaloumeottuitr requlreethe efolettovand speeciof
alrtrtI1s|:ortuion.t'frliI|nlharos3iortdtoroaret:l1roomaior
nirpotI!acChtI1giAiportiII$|ngaporo.$EnailntoInatiorIe|

lnlnl'II;aI'IdHaI1gNadin.iirporttI1Btum.Attort$oHhe

moetimpnttantatrtra tunedeainilI$le.Chn1giiamareaim: largest airport and itaglubal-gateway.


1Il1at|'IohIood1erair|:rDrtsonlvaHn~a|Ot:ddHati'Iatiaru.taara-eabletoon-anateInalawtuprineranttaLHai~
therairport Ilrtltu dkootly er-ith Changi, hourevet it iaposaible
tooorlteottocltartgibvterry-andbtr5.Leo5trtar115Eofa|l
Chartgipaeaertaeetoottr-at: this war.

ter_I.!t_-rm

111-IrrIpl.ltoIrI'Ii'ttrll1reolntIrnaIionIl|th~

on-tuorureBLIIJRtnniortlnchntI-turn:

rnlthoul-nurtth-arefpluengaantluttnunl
ir\wnortIIh:oI:I1tuthIoIIroroot1rtIo:lngEigl'ttI.Dtrettti|-u1nrrrrot5iturn|tlnt'ni
put-|rtoI.l3ltIIt.ltir|tI:rt-oltbtri-ulrdod

utlutenternlnutuentpamgueh-tutor
f.'rt'.'ri'L

i_'Ii'I"HI

E-'_|it.1_|"iL|"_"!.!L'i| !'.l'

9" "I"

II|IIl'II'Il'IlliI|'IIII'liI'l

Constrained
Aooeasibiiity
in any archipelago. isolation in a potential ieeue. in e l'lr=Ir:IIIoitareotertoed by Illpl kiai dieerett-_r. eoweli

as eoonornioel. poiirtiotei and soot! dtfferertoes. eooeee to

trampottetion ti-eoomee an etnen more oorrtpieut issue. Geo-

yapitloal dietenoe ie not the only factor in determining the


oortneotitrttv oi'romoteieiende:btrtd1rou'gh rrtoeettrhg aoooeeibiiitrfrom e ytrenetartirtuponint. iti: possible tooom
puowereto reeoh aoerttin Blond. piloeor region.
in order tobeahlo-toglt-eocleer anewertotho is-euo

oteooeeeieiiitr. oerteit perernetersareoeoded and hat-eto

he irtplernented intheoelotriatiort model. Theooare: too-i


lrtetnei time. deruitfofthe oeterorit. froquertoy o-foonnoo
lions. and quelity oioot1rter:tiort.Theee In-tlei tlnee are in
Itlrt impacted by their pclllti-Bi infr=a:eirI.IoturetI. AI SUDRI

epene eorose three oountriee. border oontroi and other


pro-ltioel i-sette-.t greedy iniiu-ent:ae tretroi timer. ntaitingthetn
urtpreclotebiie. Cost of visa ioertother important ieotor ere

avetengoeaierioevtI"p'uptoit3'i6intheliIeediiforer1toouo-

Irie-.'..i'i'ti.errtearte. IhetetIertiFti'tooroee.tdt1g|.-.|:roteel:ie. it
rnightnotbe ruudelr eeehiofor-etrory passenger.

. . . . . . .

's'tnit':"'

Titedenrun luue neotueitimneeded

ie.irmi:otne.i.iee.iheitei

toree-tti-ioaertein-tleethehoetithenotierb

Tltomepeieeentheeooeeetbiiitybrpttlo

osrole-:tooh'eeeitime. uieenoltendungend
izriarmunodollebertholoninnitlooen
eI'e'lhtI:t'ouiI'nu1ltogei'tee'elq:-ee-tIoi.1I'ItuFOIL
Ti'rodierut1ntitlt'leei'toteet.i'rtu:'iuooe
foreoroee-ltorderi-otet-tetrlrorrrirtnert-ere

inuimm5ionenororthe-ntrltoIim.Iodoetlheduuiititennotmtilliuliiiortioriew
theooleooiwraeeiheeteoehtleonieper

qua-ro'p-oloorneotioro,t:t'eeotrir1'eeernIeu1d
erdteeii-to-errdbotertlnotirrreetttteport.

ononeuriuunoaeatntroo-etrlee-tre-tuoinu
toIhten1.T'I'Iieieotoro1e!yhotirorIeeont\h3.r

5mrIe.IotI1'uLWl.H.He12DH.pp.i'9E5-i3IB'.vri1enitnIetnedinaeIudtrondteeo+

i'-oittoepr:-1u.trre-I-:-pt-citreert-tete-

tielvoleerertdfrominueporeto
ltentme

titlmlrortlailtlrtwerlt-lieetirtenmcie

eorrtrrttIi:ere'tI'eeetHm;|fr~ornJoi'roe'tie5itueperetthenfttern-llrnto irt-uo|:Iot'e.

tr:neoet1{uei'-.Ien1r.b-.atmdHi7ti'}r:ert-

f-eIrrIed'thetI.ne=eeItiebiniitetiteIAIe|:Ivfre-

III-I.or:reeeu:ttI|eir1u'o-dteoedhtr 'Iehret|

oeeeltvilittrh-etteettl-ltlitmeerldthetoneen
Hiuethhtirree-no.

. . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . .

. 4

-E-!Fl'|'F.l!|".'."l..|".'.!"!"It'

5" "'I"'""

3'3

The Boat

and the City


Multiple sea transport networks unite the tri national region. This infrastructure consists of diverse types of vehicles and terminal typologies. Modern. air-conditioned ferries hurtle across the Strait on fixed
routes and scheduled times. bringing comm titers and tourists from

one shopping mall-terminal to the next. Nearby. small hand-made

traditional wooden boats flit from island to island carrying people

and goods from well-built concrete piers to precarious wooden jetties.


connecting traditional kampungs to the hectic urban centres. These
contrasts local transport in wooden boats and high-speed. highly
regulated cross-border travel - characterise the multidirnenaionality of
passenger mobility within the sea region.

'|"l|vl-II:iI'lI-It'll!-l..!I"r'

9" "I"

nearer-roeettvrr

35

A Comparison

of Host Ttrpoiogies
It number of rllfonent boat typologies are used. deprendlru
ontttoIocationendttrpeofposeertg.or.11teboetcpsratorsare|ustaot:Irtrerse.lnsornoplaceretheoompet:itionfor

Gotrernrnent l'l
hand outoortoosslons to eecurotho ccnrtectiort. and ntaite eee transport afiordele to the pr.1i:tlic.

traneportist-are high. while others hatrefoeretroperetors.

are-elttnno

. . .~

-'

--

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.1

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_

\Jt\a

ll.

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IE.
. .

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H

-:' rt
1

r_"'

ll

r r w r uw

_...

Fl!
4;

....
- -..
-.

5"

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.__ .-~'

...

-r.

Locetlonoi Forrloe
Tltelltereeltowethele-oetioItdiller'ent1on'i-II
wttltitlltoreqiortetede nodtineduinge

.__ I

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t-."'...,a.'; 3
r

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oersl pu-e.J

IIeeIelir'leIrI|.'i

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-1.................
I*
4

Ir.'-

4_"'_'.

-l

we-eltdevf ourc-e:"lhrirreTrefl~o'I.

ll

ll.-r'+ Hi I I
|.,.-;:li- L

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.. .- - - - - - ---~-

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J
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II.

E;

ilit|eeerFreed-|li'erertt|ernrt1polonieeer~eoi:Ieueeditthoregior-r.1'hetfereoooirreite
|eeleul'HiIlIelue.l-Ieeltorfthelt-oeteervoee

difluerrtpurpoeeertdiuqdorttliliermt
ror.toe.Dlll5erorrtc:ernperieeorpri-retocreItereoooretotttorrt.

'_

'--.

-l

lee-ttluwlatl

"

I-'|Zl|-'lli:l-till -:-I er-rrrir-,i

Eiu TiI|.n|p.n-tr

Too-

'l'li-ll-Nil ll"-iilhl-'CIl'i'

hm I 1|-H1 :I fI.n,|I.rr1-n
hneren

Pencl.eri'I u1:lu:n.ei

I-tirlurei
Io-r-tr leiiurte .'I1-I

1.
Frank ei'i-tl g-r.i--.-:1.

Iulios-P-G-has

U-Deiil Ull I DF"|'a' 'l|

-1

eI'erig For the. noel nth I-I

II-eilllnolr-tier-i:

The if-'locler_n Fest_lI:r;inr=-action

The _Irsdi1_:rnal Way

l'.l'ilIti|li'l the meet in Harbour Front '|ermi


iri.ai| tires. 1 i:liei:ir'rIItl;in-g err:-orioricie. It: largo

NE'II.l1II'ilIl'| 'lll"lI fl1 IlDlHllrlfl"f


terrrurinie in

e-'lior.i1'.iing rnell Go-n-Ctr-.'~ol: tltro ferry tetn'iIhi.e|_


|:ii.n Io-gLi.er eignpoetmi; gi.pi:l.ei:l ue to tho-

or see t1ons{.t-c-l1. clotiono oi ei-i.'ir:ii.Iori boats


Hi;-eting ergur-pr! rt i;.-toot.-i:li'ii3 jril;l.'I,-' There wore-

ticltet cuui'ilore.T!1tire werIel"n.re1en'-,- operaT|.'.5I|'3. in |'i|'ff'B|'l|"| 3-ll'|'3"-l-IT |I|l'l'C-4.1"5.I'-1.} Wt':' |l..l'6lC

no lorrriolitin or resgulotiom liore; we l:ioit.it;'-I


the 1icJi:e-I right before getting on board the

-:l"ii:Ieo- the sic-one.-.'t d-o|:ii.ti.'1-trrio time to -our clo-

traditional 'porii:urig'. Stet:-pr-riqi-nto the boot

at-.-sstii-ti border to it-as-e Singapore. trait-sh


irrtut-trod qioini; through -saocurihr tiind pose-

we ell.-onIu.oll'p' rriono-god In oiit t:lt:liwn. [he nor-

sxed port. El-elore the trip began. i-oi hard to

So-I-:tir.ieng, vii-o -i-rt-t:i:ii..I't.t-orri-i::l ei i:lil'fe-ront I-tin-cl

toss difficult because of the strong see. but

roiar wciodon l:iimi:h wtiierft |Jl'l"|I i:ii:-mio-rttiiblo,

IW '|'.'|..ill'HlT'|!.in.'I|.'|vu35.'|lilliI."'.I-..17l'iiI! II-II! call

on quite long. but our proort-rut wee feii-ly

but it would do for a their. trip. The host was


ores-i'i=lrr-rt with people and goods to l:ie1rsro-

e=mt:ri:I'li1. The actual trip bog-|.ri ellor reach-

pr.irtti-:l- all I:ltt'l:-I the archipelago.

mg the berth and boarding the speed Terri-

-he the motor started to rumble. the


wt-ricl I:-erg-an to blow. tend ri-trot ro-so from the

'ln tit-n l'_I":~|:l,

eiir-i:-Dnd:iticrie-d EIl:|li'l, it is dif-

ticott to perceive the see-s iiridulstion. At. we

ran this repressive landscape or Singapore:

tisric-iirio's in-site. 'ii'e tourists enacted the to-

Eorgn r:Iltgii:i1ormi.'1.n.l is-ohincl. ni 1.1reir'i-no i:|-I.ii-

po:ri'orioe. but the-|i:it'.1le 5..-it inside tho i:i-i'.i:|.is-d


pl.'.Ed:it: I:onoip',.-. rthLi1tin-g-crttport-oiithrr l'.'3-:1.I..r-

otnesa porvititlod the room. Dihel Llli-I|'l use


t:Ii|Ire-t'.ting, orismoto-cl mow.-in r.ilu-,rr.no; on tho

In Brrlotraing Fecieng brought other lI.ll'Flfl|'-I"-I:

ei-r:ri.-ens. it en: ti re-silt.rl and rei.'i:ri:-in :irr-o

before snoring in the rnotic Eletsm Fe-ire


lormirill.

tllul iolond lori-i.hz:-opelrcirn their tneiw. Dr.'it:-loni:|o corripletorly dilforenl 'l'e'DllId_, t:Ii'ii."-.r at low kilo-

rnetres -Br'l1Jp' trom 54|'iut|:ZH:IfI3'?- rtrviine

EIIEMEE

Fast Ferry
Network
in terrneof barispiort n'rodaliIi_ee-entl lntIr-riti'gloriIloonrie-:-

1l1leclteprtlrprIrIent:ellol'tlteregloneeol1otlt.rledhtietriationeleridnetioriiilooreioctioru-.Irtternieot'oquer1o1r'
end;ioseerioIriIe=ir.ti'iernoetproi-ne1eritternrle'iiri:hetIrreen'5lngeporoendBetIn.ltlerrii':iroroetile'thItthe

'tic~ril~.lIIl.rItinlIiriirt lIconbI:p|lt'htttI:r:cnlhIcI1I

elds.3i'iigeporeuid.loltoreroeI1tooten'reiirooreier:ted
b:rti'ieSecoi1dLI'ilteitddtoC'atnesive'r:oniiteotiterelt|e.
'd'iieRiol.Ii|l.i'chh:io|mi:r. which leoinltrreecltle b5rlernr.i|i'Il'i

llrilt_eei1tongtholtiei.ilelende.orotIettd'ie.tn'Iieebet1rreen
fewewoeptlottstitoislendeottheieir rolipelege-areorihr ltleuentl Jottor.ClnDIlndn.3r.'lgeporeieetti'ieoIr'ttreotel
ol:lr1riectet'.lttteeiclti:Il'iert:qri'_et'r)r.
iitttirrrrrrsilinnlsu.
Ill

fr-E.

''

lit

P3
'1

.
.
II: E

Ttieorrrsiurrioweoiiiiioiheorrnprrheosr

Ireinseri:ir.II.l|tiiert.a'iiIprli:ise'-loroor'e-te-:tieneniiilntlieregitetiltet-epointltlnd
lordtelitrel:iupmI.*iIeeolIheI'egiorI:Elnnqsore,terri.Bintei'i.Jioltitir.eriellEIhitet.

'l'hI-EIIIIiIGI:|'

'l'hl-EIIUCIIIIE-I'I'

i'-Irene-II
-In F fllr

hl

511%!-H1r$
hoitirtei-I-rt.oiriIieoIorte

Is-l'.IieliIriIei'ti'l'I-inter
Ijtieriiieelttueii-eirt

Pr.-in-iler-deii

I-rurilIi.irir.i-tree-u

Ti'rerIlier fei'nI'oonrieclior1uriei.e|:r1e-

lied-rdieereiiedirrtheilieirlirolilp-rilego.
Att'Ierigtherrrorigse_r,lerrra:II'iectlautn
theteitrlerep'tinlItlI-eririel'rornTelltm

Pinrio-;rLr1oTairiii.eiuPiierio.irhioItirrir
qtieisteitlb-preiototoeountitsreonsthltr
lsrieie.

l.II:|'I-'i|u:_ti.ire or "Il"'|ll']

5-seetrhtio

11:-

"'"

lllt TI-'|'i'

hurt

.-

ii'.t.i-Emu lilrre

1-......h,s

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i'oIrrtr 1I|'I'I'Il1I.l

Terriri-1 lielei

I-Irrl l'-IrIu.lri.I-l

I.il_W_!_l3.|=.'tlE"l:
Eiri.-i.ti.r.1.ti.Fs3It Eettti-'

its-.n.r5_F:'!i_r-_r_E!=_t.e.:
rist.ins1F.sit _F.er.-or

Er.r:it.T.-.=rt-:I.it-als

t'.=.'It:t.Te.r.r.n.r'r-iI.|tI

isr_I.=;1_-2-l_|'_-ti

n I II I't'I 'irIi.'|lI

H rolrri tree I I

I I1 I1

- F -'l 1d I.'e|'|-lllltl I urt I

at
''i-___

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i:-.-iii..____

ll

I: t'.'I'| II-It |.I'.'lIt1'I-

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1-i._

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ixnlrii

'|'tI-II-oei-Intlttl-I-<IItt'

E-calm.-.tisl_lt'|..-.ier

xi'~:';-._k

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I.

l_..-'
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pristine-ui

I;-H Tre-n_Ipo-It

-~.____""'-i.

I.-Iioai
1?.,,,..
-

II'.'i

at

i.'i

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id.

E} 'II't.|'IrI Alpa-II

- ' t"t-._ "ta.


r
1ll'til'iJ"'_H""--_""-. Es \~. *
13'

Uh-I!

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--__.=_-,H_"L'l-E?
4-Nab
[_.,.'.J._..u
Pneriigi

Framework of Ferry Con nections


The schematic depiction of the international and interregional last terry connections shows how decentralized the

SIJD-RI sea transport netwizirlt ls. Eirensa routes across the

Straits cleliriiea ptimanr lJ'EHl|'_'- late, but the test of the rivetworlt is scattered. For a-zitarriple. IroITi two destetalioris in
Singapore, it :is p-t:is5i:i-le to teach litre tennirials in Batam,
which in coritrast have none or little other c=orini=_-ctions. to
other torrnirials.

2:-tr-iii Inriirrnr :

Conipsrnao toF'esrl ltiiier Eislts

FI.r.t.,Fr:tr:r

Untiito the sticlltl reason, the Pearl River


Deltti ties on irrip-orisnrl hut: in I1l'|ti"r when
centre i tn the region. These transport hula:
ero connected through last ferries. offering a lteetot lrI:Ii.'I-lI1.Il1I then tro-trolling htr car. 11:.
the central penrii in the rietiirorlr. Hong Kong
st-:p-an ectsa-.t -n-toot-lent no-cs ll'i the interrno-del-t.ro.'H'ii: oitcheet-gr-e

J iinrigsung

1'.i

5-Iirii

-_|.3I:1I-III-i:_i'g-Ie of 5H"l_IQff

1!

E-I-I l'ep-on

l?" T.'.""."P."'l'

Tl|I-Fill "Il1'hI'C-|'|1'

Ferry Terminals

in the City Fabric:


ei ecceecat each fernr terminal - international. national. or

Where twca er more public transport systems meet at e


ncocle. It is irnpcsrtent to increase efficiency in the transition
frern ene trenepert mecle re the next. Differences In eceie

1cncel- produce -rely different architectural wpeiegiea. as

demenetra-ted n the examples en the ieilcwlring pages.

"2'

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1",;-'_-'

..

'.i

.
I

'1-Ir:
an

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Harbuur Fru-nl tng

'1

ll

"'53

The rrI:|infIrrI.rterrI1iruIi 0! Singapore. ic-c=Itercl an H: an-uth rzucnll, weer Senhcua. nrr:


internetienet connection In both i'-tale-p-he

1!,

:In:li l'I'I-cl-crumb. |.'t lisp l'ur1r:liu-I1: ea. I tuni-

nalier ccuiee eh-pe. Hlrheur Fren-t I.erI-riianlt

._ .
Iii, '1 .1

_'~'

I-

*_"'~

-ll III.-I.

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*-.5_.
an

Er

i
-

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~e =-:-_=- ~. 2:

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nu

i| hmnqd wI'1hin nnn--pl Singq-pane: Inn;-at

_-

'-a

.-

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chopping math. n"rI.II:ri.'.7"ty. Ihhilzh elect canuune an Hm nutle-n.

Tcnah Mer ,Signg:-93


Situated FIIJII Ie Chenui ..i-rpm. thieIerrI1inet "as fur Tram the my and ll-ck: eu'FFr|:I'ent
public transport cenneetiene. tempered te
I"l'bID-llf'F1'I|3I1I.Il'1lIIlfFr'ilr!lll'I lllI1 .lIEl nunneeuuw te ether rnaier re-rrmneie IN the region. nun-cl maq fntxlq-1 lnurfru: Irmrqlling In
Eintln liipc:-rtl.

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lir

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I

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"I.~I!:

Central and Peripheral Terrhunele


Se-mi talrmimh are well eennecled In the
n-etwerlt and the cm -cehue. tJ'theru are built

|nll'1l e-utli-!irII.vai1c'chreduce1lherr Incentib r end ln1:IreIeee1.l1I hrn-e In reach them.

E1-.IIIv_r-11.31.-2

Eeirup-Ina terrnlrul liee e-n Batam: ca-uteltirte.

El_'_|'-%'5.._|3
Batam Centre in an Irnpertent regional trel-

which rrlalre-I "rt di'H|c'.1It mnnzeqn, Ivar: by

l'H: nunclg veiih the Input Illquenl apI1nIucI:ipni

up. A bus eeruiee epereree -I1i'requenIiy


between '.:-elm:-Ina and Batam Cutie.
Seiaqnnp eiieu Frecnierrt imernltiennl enrvicl to Simppurhn. n:Ii-D-hi cunru-ibrn In
cvtl'iern:I}or|nciene1:1er1citiee.ende:u ne-cle
I-cl" I-cl-cad 1.nnIlIu1qJn:rrl In the lumpung: I:I1Baurlfa wee: eeeet and enter rcien-:1

In Singapore in well an vclrioul -cenrre-r:L'-c-he


nrthin the Riau Aldipeh n. in adntuticrr
cl Hnrbecrr Front. E-Hem GI-ntre Elem at n
H-ugal-Ill. Emeut Iur an iI1leIrr:'Ii'l'l:Iunl bu:

ee-wicae. there in no public tramp-eneti-on to


Garner:-I In the rut crf lhn iIi.q.nI:L

EHIEEEE

-ruvru-Hui

n.In|ruh-I

it-reeineln-II

_isrImm;E-an

l.|In1uHIrhecrFrcIrrt:II1cIn'|:II.thI|lrI1i:I

reuhewhunu-hrneleenshenme

allirler-rue-rhh'uIr1u:-nIIe1r.cl_IIue.FreIn
l-hrbeuFruI.reechhgI!'uehri|verydllctni-ll-ItI'lr.eI!Il'|eIilIt'I'l:'tI::I1iIiIdtM.rI

encahheunnpeit

E%

ttiheurnaoueereueuuhrrntruiuenrrheli

he-u'.Tnrr|i'|Mna|-riluc ledi iclile-reed!


he-|r-rIetuupu1..l.IhuuphtIiIIue Id

nnrtinliperturllrumpcib
eulnit

eumeetlnerublnl-enthunirreeithemeg
nu-rrIo:dIitI1hinIt.Ihlprne-Iiceila-ulrlu
ierIII:II'eIrrur||c:I-Itiitl npht.

I'll!-EIIIIIIGI:|'

1'-F""""7."F' W ""."."'i.t'

5" "WW

at!

like-I T_rjIrr_I-p_I-_rt

Femmesmat
Scale Connections

'|'l|vl-DtlIIlIl'i-l1'l|l-('-|'It'

I?

5-mail-Scale

1|! NH

I|rl.|'hIr' la: rI;I.r|lI-

For centuries. transportation within the region was prrr'rIarilv sera-based. over time. transportation within Singapore
and iohor stowlv oharrged to land-based modes. i-lower.-er.
it remained sea-based in the Riau beoausoof its archipelagic: geography Today. some or the smaller islands are
stil only acoessi-hie by boat. The most flexible means of
travel in the Riau Is by private boat. which provlades free
movernen-t within a certain range. at least to the nest ferry
terminal.
The smaer irsancls' limited access to theoutside
world is proving to be a hrndranoe in their growth. tourtg

people are leaving the traditional trarnpungs for the big


cities. in order to reverse this trend. connections between
arrears and the regional terminals rhtrst be imptovecl. For
lnstanoe. the government has established a Few routes that
operate with ooncessrons or subsidizing. such as the routes
lrom Seltupang to the western islands around Batam. These
boats are important means of transport for goods and passengers. The government controls ticitet prices to lteep
them affordable tor the population. Although their operate
on a regular basis. these ferries travel -nfrequerttlr. matting
at most one trip per dav.
Pal-liturrrreurtbuar

|Irrr'Ir:Irtr-rrlecrr-|r1I=|'rI
llltr

_rsali:i:-I-r2._|s

The gnpwrnrraeri :.r.iaIir:i:aI .I Few lr:Ir:.|rl ferrtr

router: on rr tentrier vet inrreoueru aohedule.


ltvrocl lilctu is-ul Ivitermwherethubnlt

loilovrl a regular route with nd stop: and


I l'.'rrt'ril.eble.

The boats are p-rrtatelv operated but all


uctreu at! pp-nremrnent-crunrstrttlled prir:-ea In

leer ltaordeble. Ev irrtroducirrgthitnrerv


brlli man: of public I:ran.:pr:rrt.nt.ior1 on
more route-r., ittrtrtlrbihtf for passengers
and ponds to more remote irlarsd lettin-

mante oooiad be greatly improved.

It

.1

turn E.-'

-'rIIIIrr+Irrr'veIrIrII-I-Iclle

|'.I.l-I'.'b'lr'rI|'r 'hutrIIrI
areilbtardmltdteian
ruclt-eatrrge Ihubua-t-Ia
Int:-Irreoorrri-I-culhe

Illrrdlurlhhtlteorrthe
lIIll'||lle-H

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Itrurthrrotrtaandaprlvataorrorrerrnrrtar
tirahe.1'.l'reheet:r'rrarrh|e=Ir-eertpirietla
tadr'rnrm.1rvhlr:it-Irttitihlrirrttatl-r:Iat't|'n

rosnlnsurantortitingamnrrepela-en
tirltlllllitlr-ur.
.thegea'errvtlerideIlitreI

'|i'ratirdu-tprtoe.Tl'r|heur:lere'anirnsev~

|II'I?I'|&II.lIq:l1-frrg
aeilillrdelitfood

etude-nrreurrr-Irgono-d|.u.wIEIatrn|p-ortlh-p

prrutep-sttispnrioaarrotaeuonana

errerrortr-rrltr-lrulatriunna-rve|lr..|nr'tir-trait
t"trtatrl'rtrIt_I:n|lr|rr.rat'r'nrrrarrr:trIrtur-rirrphicrrr
ehhrr edurqhrrt.

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EEEIEEL

a
lrttlrtlaepaetlsagnprnlrrrrru-tdIli1eItl're
etnfrIeelvdtarge.HIeeabIteea1aueI.Ba|
Inibiliuahrmduirurotwnlnainh
_t_c|ore|r'.Iadu1'Ir'Iri.n_stl'ItqaIr'rt:',yllun
bepiiviedandtrlrtelmrnedinolconoer
ahtmed hpniunuiw m

"|'U|"""'1'

"

All- lt'iIFiiI
HIE.

-_|.rr:hlrI-l:_l'gretriliIr'rr_r-I;-_"

E-eIl'ep-on

Id

like-IT_r_Irr_I-p_I-It

1'lIe!-crelrv-d1'tIH.irIv

'51

|-

ll-Seep
'

'

l|:Irct.l|:HIIhr'n-I.rIhll'-

Lu

rrlrrrurtl-Herr-.|arIr:rr

-"1'LE'"'-

lIImebr:II|t-to-I

Auer1r.r-erurrlho-arr-lsri

'l'I"I'iI'4'|H"'1'

or-Llselellrdt-elttau

rtmhelhrpo

I:

1'-Ir-IrtIrb-Irslrrrael-II.-r-ri-I

r""'""""'"""""'b"
are-eaerrhorealerhe

to-in
I 1

ever-rdrrrrrri-doerrrr-Irllrra
rte-ab-rr-:er-no-redrea
cerenlarrtl.

'

-.

"-3-

it

'

5gr_'|:il_Err.*._e_.i_e_I3'1_i;.-_ete sum
so-Pi i!t=trrer..Tr.rir

pee-pleorvn rmcn.-vat: I:-eat, which increases

"'

rmene:I.alne:.+::re
I H I.
H"

h"""d

Srroelttr-oets,rnedeoIveoo~dorFrbr~eg.Ieu.
aretnndforpewamlrmuinhternuolmm
brat-r. sure. or IE."-tsp-I-t:l[1',lZl'i\t.-*r'il'e oorrrparrr
bin to otlornohilee A ieidriig-I number of

I.
H

:I

}\
'

_.

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'

their rthabilinr rt-idrirr the region. I-lo-never.


their ltrltretl rlrtp-u il irnilled Izrr clizrt-Ir'r-r:\e. and

weather and see oonclitie-rta. Bio-at owners olten serve es water tarrie to-r pnvste hare.

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-

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-lr||!l'|-'lIi:_I'l-tall or F-arrnor;

5-ealepvorr

51

lg-ea Trlnrpc-Ir

'l'lIIl-oerantlrh-I-<.'.nv

How Terminals Interact


with the Urban Fabric
Typically. the local terrnlnals are embedded in the urban
fabric of the litampungs on the outer islands. Depending on
the lavout. site. and geographic location ol the Island. one
or several jt.-tties are built at the pancuv-g's departure point
The main piers are concrete structures made by the government. white the secondary plots are simple traditional
wooden structures built by locate.

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t""'-H'_ r

c,

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i-

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ah.

T-.=-1%-.
-_.__.'

r -

5:

J, H-_
L-he .I -.-fr

"oi. '

:I

B-eisirartg P's-dong tvaaesteial-shed as e tlecle


part lung be-lure -BaLarrr developed it is atlil
one at the rnotrr important lrarnpun-as -n this

an-cl its-chretria-s sio-ntratirrr-ea function tar-r~|:i-or

area, and operates as a main Itarbrzrur to the-

atapt-ea. people have to travel to litre rrrarltell

lalencta t-rest ot Elatarn Reaudehta visit rls

In Beialtanu: Pa-dang.

Pulau ltlsau do-esnot have itr-own r-narlret.


rsrlv here. To purchase srn-thing other than

rna.rlcatra-gLiarl1r.Mo-at; re! the goods are !'arr~

in

its the houses are built on the seashore and have Ihti

own piers. they demonstrate a strong land-sea connection.


together. the houses and piers form it lrne-at strip that loliows the coastline. incorporating the lcanrp-ur1gs entire infrastructure Into one urban system. as a result. most of the
Island ltarnpungs have a similar urban morpltol-orgy.

rla-rl to Belntrzon Padatrg [torn Batam and


then r:lr!rtrr|:u.rt.-ac! tl'1rIcrt.r-pit-or..rt the urea.

tr - _

HI

:1.

|.___'_

.-l'

-..!

.-

-_I

1;

L
.

".-

"lrr"'n-

r.-.- .l3=.r:I-rI=.|_'1ir.i1-$t.I=tr_-I

The more on the map highlight lr.errt:1:II.a1g:-.I- at


varied r-ire. scale and public facilities. which
are all part of the public transportation network.

Ellll.-_l1'L|=:?!1.

This raised .1 were similar to Pulau ltesu. but


with an events smaller pcrpralelran.

tlo-mpered to the other ltarnp-on-pa. P-uta-u


lielurnber I e-a1.rar1'raiv small and -r:r:rrui:I.'.a -oatl'1r
or a lervhousert This c-ernrru-unlty'rr email site
rrrtee them even r11-ore depend-ettt on the

ptdalic transit route at an supply chain

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&n.!1n2n:mLE|:aI:l

Mmw WWW1

iaitaim

Iuiullitnnnuunudlmnaaitvdrr

uhn
allht
uilirh

daoruud.itrurI_'n|iI1urupntunt-unt

Iuuindhrhmnnunuldihtudlulhl

wnlt liium FruI1=hIII.r-IidIu'rbmu1


null:-o-nun-rut_fII'r,h'u1|pu'hI-I|uM:nBIIIn1'I
smanlul-hhmmi-nhiHwmPndmu
hutI'nuun11tuu:muIn-l.uuudtu:irnpnltud hualtim-huudnuau
ub

lnndl.

TIu}t aIun_orngu-Inddnpuulrtgun
u-dnninulinunnhcnl-.I:-nILTIIuni1piIr'
hrmdndannnluyminmtuuurpin
Inlwlkhuuudhimnulliunwlr.

5!?

I'll!-EIIIIIIGI:|'

"'*L".!.

'|"l|I-Ivltl-IIIII-G1'I"I'

BIIII|"hl|

IT

The Accessibility
of the Coastline
The urban aura: of Elnvuapnuta. Banrn. and Juhvur haul
slxpdsitgty iita pubik: access to than III. The three chin:
nlenardinrahpad Inland. with that maatlmes uucuplnd by

Irrclustrlal production was and larger Inning dwa|up-

mints. The Few publicly accassa-h aunts! aria: aiewldahr


dlsuiautaidarrdponrtycnnnactedtuthacltycenwesmd
each adult.

l'n-ht-Innnullll

-Finn:-'I'In-rinih
l'In-pl.-an

rubluhruuin-about
nlluuq -nhin

Lahocnnum-:-

Shnipnrnhhhtuuaunmua mc pt b Tl'rn:I1-un:|ulLI|:a uI1at.arIna.I| annIh-I


bra:-crn-Ii:hI:Mu:hnufmuuiirIhf~.md
l:-u-d:rufE'n1'I:rhnd:IrrdGnrrrnnr.nrt:|:Iahnuuuntmaanuiuunlhamulugptu
tadwlthmullhnrnnundutliu-n.HnI.ltru
hrn'tIrr'rt'II-#IrInlII:T:I1.Ind.PIrh-:I:ru1-It:-

uuIItiinIh|:.i:Iin|1'Itu:uh.h.IIpulnwl

pItI:tuoIluIti1.'r.lhInJ=uI-nin:r:~utiaIIh-I-

hytlkurinunoitalnntfhnp-on-lnop-nboll
nnrutanlhutnirrnrntnwntntuun

Inrtrnilltnttpnlnudiuuautiniluua

mumwnwb upmud ufun-urnw


nnH.uu-tin-'1-autumn-ptlnttru-nu.

.h

EML

Dituuinwdutultrlt-nqamutiurlmlnbnuw

JuhntEdmn.Sh;:pura.nnctB|umhIneda-

t1:u1al|,undargrau.ndMlTM|nndIIrrhtI

IrIrun:rndfrurnrIuIuhnre.wiH1iirriIId
uncnulnurntl-cit-r.

Ionutwru-II'I'T-utvuu'iIHntb-uIr.1'II-Inmtltil
li11-Idwithpniunri iI'IHl'IItII.I'.''lI"I'Il.IIi-

1-ulna:-Id|'r1hnlI11d-bill-:lI.l|:-|wII:nntIII.1hI-3

-unI1nI-=tHung|m:r:mIi1hlIrIdInI3:rw-

Aaihnunhprwiannruauuh. at-|1y"i|'.5'I..
d$i1ppuIIunItthpI.iu '-Incu it.
1'I1n-rutafthuautltutnican upwhhmdan
lIinrII:I.IrIitIry':nn~nnItIIIrI:I-Irvin.

Ll-II1-lI'ht'IJltI.I'I1I:ln1'l"II.'l:|hIIl'lI'|i
aunnuuiullilrllu.

Indp.'i'u'Il&tI'biL5hHItlri1tIli'nilI:li
h.In-hnrlhruind Baum.

l.tH||:
Hnulnngnhm

irnnrattnuincac-nnlbl-|tr:n11I|ndtqrn=u.1:I'

9'51

lr

Thu-IIIHIICIII-I3n'

'|'hI-EII'IIIIGI:|'

-Inirnunnllunin

_nu-nnnnu
-

-nun-baton-_unm

!.3th-III-c_r~_u-In-:rr|-rIr_r-In-'_[

F-lIIlII"I'.|f|

-5.?

l'_:-I-I TiIl'lr_I-|)II||'

Nrl rlrlvli04 'd'|-I:-llnlll-d -'IUtIIIIh|Il.'rI

Network of
Increased

Accessibility
The central aim of the project is to facilitate connectivitv between
points through the region, by streamlining. extending. and improving
the existing transportation structure.
The secondarv goal was to present alternatives to the existing inflex-

ible land-based connections bv reintroducing the regions traditional

sea-based transport.
On a practical level, the project will improve and refine existing con-

nections to reduce travel time. On a conceptual level. the focus is on


re-establishing a relationship with the sea through experiencing the
coastal and nautical heritage of the region.

(nil!-'Itl1ul

rah-In-5-nil

III-per-IirII-Irleet
h

. .
E
GLn-rerrtli.reIterneir1el:ein'ttreeo-riInIio1:ieoIferrairr-uuru-orkc-p-muruaieorleanueqnul-.I.1'l:e
luneveriusonnfrecpaenaieeolezopemuhe
lheentin:I'Illcdtforh-eveliuetorrmtnuete
lIrlhenl1vpI'opoIel.einl'rIhIvtlIrnirIeiI

ubeuiLeIor'medirIoIergeHurbe.w'lu'oh

-eIouldbellr1ire-dtooneenor-erlnerenlonei

ouwoutlleoreleulreroiinehwotidirnlri-no
tl1re1ered:on'eHe.rlre.erudr:=or-inecluwrlhe
lnowmhnwuu
mwnm
reueb
lirsumorgerrhedlrsdfluiahldem
nt
on-overelrretworlr nIouln:Ibeoon-uerooree-l-

Fast Ferrv Connec ons


Asa first step. theoroiect hcreeees large-sod-erronsport eh
ficien-our for internal!-on:lmi:l national routes. By establish-

ing cllltererit hiererchhe for the existing ferry terrnlna-ls'. a

limited number oi strategically sited hube In the urban labrio wotkl oonneotto the region vhiestlerriee. in addition
to oenlreliutlon. the edvmlegee Include greets ltequencv,
improved eliilctericgr, and reduced trevelthne. We propose
reducing Iheeixdiliierent ferrvopuetors toiuet one. This

measure woulcl einplrly echedLllng anti tiolnethg.

Tealttbl.-Le:-s

Eneb eliiuenewoentrlltrlruportinle
huteuonrlsllnheed-rm-rtaaeoi'Tei1eh Inle-

relfe prorrlrnitjl to Elruui elrport..- linltl-ngei.

eIe.II;|lhecil'r'HI|liTe1rIn.FeetfIn'iII

wouldoorlrectlhereglaonivltitllneworid.
Looerr-neoirlieurlhedionrinriiorrpwlll
huououridexpeuinelnreiiulionelootrieteno
-AIoIlnr'II'riuiIl=I.Fu:Ir'eIr.|IrI|:Ile..I|iir|:rcIr'IEeeIel
h'rLlllsoene.ieII|l-cliieio-hlh-opeIedb5rS'erle|

ueodrnunriunhioonedmrrumh
Ill'|'
l|'

Notvvorlr of Increased Accessibility


i'l1omo-rolhml iell1deofth-altiau.rnaI1vof -whicharo
horrIabo|ranrir:or1-i;rs.havrofowornonaxlatentferrvoor1rioctlons.T11laprcIjoctadmotorodLroatlioio:ilationoftl'ioooiahtId
corra1nnil:ioobirI'ripro=m9theicomoctior1tod'ueroglce1.
LlIrtilriow.l_hego\omnraothIeimplornanaaciaiaevpdallclrarrqoorlieorrroutoa. 'ehioli iIrecall'vrotorbuaoe,'tlrat
orooharaI.iJcldieedoropIintodi:I1=coIrcoaelorLlngerIoral. ltia-corI:orJtwor'lta._butitisonl'foatari:irrg point.-a
aniallmrrlaerofkunpwrgsluvebooniwlpacindaoiar;
tluelroqtrerrcyofstopaieeullqriltelowi and themaxh'nurn
mnriberoftriaciaolllvahro-erweok.-Durproietapropoooc
tolncroaoelherrwnbor ofrotIeeaig=rrIicaml1r.andbvoor1nocling Ihom to localtrmap-orthtdaaaedoocrlbed above. to
crooteaviablamrlri-lovolooatramportation notworlir.

.iEeenrt.ti.oathr.

Johor gait
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- 5e._

I,

' '

.'

" 2-It ' - -

. '

-.

.r- _
."'

-H

';F _3"'..'_ _

Sea Transport as an Alternative


An estinateti Elli] million people cross the Strait of .l-o-hor

over the Causeway and Second Unit. the only two land

connections between Johor and Singapore ur analysis


revealed that trafc iams anti inc-ielencies in the border
crossing procedure is highly inefficient and can raise hours.
Because or their geographic proximity. we propose a sea-

based aiternetive to connect Singapore and Johor. Ferries


will shuttle passengers across the Johor Strait at key points
oi interest oneiiha side. As a list step. we propose connecting the existing ferry term-inals with the three new MRT
stations now under construction near the shore; a second phase would incorporate a large netwotlt oftransport
rnod-E5. Cite idea is that better connectivity will unite the
two cities and positively impact them both.

.-

'

'_, _

'.

- -rt:-oelrirteloteeend

' f. -

. '

.
.

1|-imiml

..'_

'-' _

'
-'-'

aoeei-n-e

--

- _

" "

7.

iv

_. -_

-_

._

' " Htl'.|lDl'r'I-51:!-IIRIII

._ '.

ran-we-one!
can

ro-|-anal-nano-that

p-nugpen.-eq.uv-es

.r'

-_-.

"~31

III-Iiilr-I-rII1Ir-I-rlie-rio-I-tl

,-

n.i-erummiuu-new
'

aw:

__

aioi-1

tlierrteprhoualra-|J:e'ti-or
Fire: "In plaoenvrllrl

l|'nr:I:-ll-tee-I.er;r.'I1I:ll
-ii-ndcplzpq.

'h'IIK'IhIIv
II-

-i-L-.-J!
H
I
l.
.
q_
I

Hop-on-Hop-of Along the Coastline


Thtsn:qaslIorrr'stltepolr'Iteontheooestii1e.w|1it=l:areotrron'dyaocesaIJieeotIIept.ri:iic.ln5'i'rgap::retl1isrnnitIeris
eatcept:ionaitylorenor.nd?.i.i?$.TlreritLn_tionlr1Baternai'td
Johcrlsnotmutrhdllilererrtlrtitteriri-err'eriitl1reei;lerItI
frornarotlrdthere5ion.\rIoghereri'thattiIere:wn.ager1eraII:leIlretot:lrarnethis.'rlriebeIeva'ierieIreopportIlti-

tieltoreviteilxetheee miuimrrgpteagtyncmusapueoi
tl'ieco?as.tIrie.DIavrhgfror11tl'ieitx'ighiatoryofb-oettnvel

.Ior.nr:l tirlsarchbehgiit region. we will htioduoee boetseraicethet|'IgItHIIystopeetoert1poh'iteo=f|i'|terIst.iiot1g


111eooeIt.CI.rgoeiisto'r'nplIrneI'1aoorI1et:icr1clieIlg1e-ii
iorIeiItIemr:Iertp-eriartce.sao.tIretpe-opiecanrecorrrie-ct

arilhtlaeseelitltheirjsuhlrltme.

Sources

Sea Transport
E-ls".-':

Alphonso. B., tau. A... Huan-3.1.. Khoo, lt..


Chen. S. 1. (Ed.). {21|i. The G-Iuaeleeur.
Siltguaore-. lileti-uni .A.rct1tveeo'l Singapore.
Beroer,Ft.lr..['.tt?lt1i ].t.:eri:rel5-lnge::-orele-

hut. P iphuilH.elr'tlu'id.Iol'nrtr: Melting

tl-ietinit. lneloleeohlnc. G. tEd.1.-1'dpI'ng-hIte:I|..- 'iel.rp.p-eotrJfFhm!l'Lr'r1Itt

Chariortetowr:AootnPreee.
Lirutlrlrni. Llr.t2i2I1tJj.3-ir'rueporl'rBon:lrI'~
ier'id.Tourieee..|iIigrrerlonent!Aneletieeof
M-tilia'|Ih'.Eirr-pep-rrr1I:l'lItitinaJl.i1-river y
otingepore.

p17: Clt iqllerpurt Gray:


Salrui
Airport {acts}; The J:I'l:a Pic-It: Betarn

Le-nos liurrvlrrr. lnrlllig Even Plrnlenr

amteoist

pu -1'9: Ilentor Pelabuhan Betorn. Iierieen-I

Perryieteriggereen Anglturen Lltl I.et'.-one


Tahun sou. Hetero July 2131-L

Lire-1;;-ts

Iii. Serrtoeeantl Irllea Irma. DirseIPerhul:Iugunitoheunr

lntemet

t.ueree.L.irurine..P.{2EII1}.&tenurndrhe

Riietrlaienditt Beli:T'treBa F'r.irne1iI|'.aarrtre


ullhl-lIl:I.
'lroc|rL G. A. [$791 Pt-rnoeof reeee. The
Tarrimgpongseradtfn-c rv taarnritui
Jonorendhuap-orellllid-IE-B5.3lnae
pore-Jilionelurliuarrityot ingapale.

BIrter.litr|.l;2i:liIliE'i.Mti'lip=Ie|:IlrnenItoneIn

Phootieongusocroee oruutrneport

Lnrhthett.-onrnectentliiiivi-tl-elngapore

Ir-t|JtIiIar.|-iltrli-IL!LI'-i-IHeoli:t:'5eII~
It-tIr'nt.-Ii"{1l.2tt'l'-3t3.
Ford. M-. Lyons. L. T.t!.'tUil3i'Ei.l'l'ir-Bartlet:

liriiiclllobiityendirnsloumehatlrre

i'OCil5il?'i'1l1'5?~2'?l

htinl R.B..i.'.'I'i.3..I_|_".2ElI'1',|u. 1'qepnrnerulivlriglrs tolsoranrletantcliteittbc-or

TI-IrttrtiorulU'I'|rr-trItdBor:|erAI'n:iaty.

1mrvr.pecllel'erry.eom.eg
wuaetlunulnitfermoorn
p.1"l:~2&-lilrliorie-a.'i3..Leu.A..Hueng.J..
tl'lIuot|L.Ehu1.5.J.tEd.}.C1lJ11] The

E.'.ettaetrrey.5int|apore:liietione-lArt:l'rlveI
diignpue.

Shgep-orre.-irIIjxneot'5oriIt1eur.leter1

iitutiiea.

Li-'9.

ial'.errtlIrRet:|-ar'iail.'tev'eicprnenr.ilrnhorltr

I.'iiilJ-I-,i{2tJ11}.I'nteg:-uedLlntltJeI.=Bue
prirrtiorieltenderlleleyeie.
Ilerrlrnpeil. tL|iis-:e.T..$piirna'-. .l.t2'lJ'|rl1.
.itooeaeibileyolleieI1da:Towerr:hei-l-eta
ilecgrlphy-uedor1Trna-portetion
Ilodeeendtaso-iceehuioeeoftetmd

Sttt-d'il.i..Fi'tiv|re:ity':d:F'r'ii1rtaIHCtant-erttler
iend.C-It-tech.

5%

Thenketoeaier-pIsody.ertheFt1.h1E.er:tn
errdin.lol1crwl1oar.u:p-or-tedourieorltend

I-ueipedtrreit-I'qtl'-silty.
Jtepecieltherltatodielirctiteooae

oiI'TerritoI'yTe-Ire|iI:ioeToplII=vio.i-hm

i-torIiq-.5telienleiiitet.r.elg,l'ortheu'-hvoltie-

rnurt.ii1:ir.rtIn4:fhouI~lorigntiitcr.|ni-anion
'lhereeeerchend:iroieot.'I'tnerit-,rouitn:r-

'tiiL|IIt|tl'li'l&iI1|pi-I:t;Il:i-II!rtltI"1l1itraH7i'l_

1heearrmI're'eeIt.tahlt't1rrtI-tl-euedieoovier
tfuruqiueth
h
ndnlyt.

Jlthuged-reritetoegntrelorproaiirutn

p25: Singapore Tourism. Doerrl {ION} htt-

ohnrolhtl-idiom.

li:et~ir1rlghtI.rn1-erlteuIet'ntlo|.I'itIestatJmtnou_.i'D'i-il'it.Lit1I'Ii?-ea Ii1iBj.u115iI2tt.p-rl
tnoeeee: 3ElI.t'.It_.ti.ItI5'}.
p.liE-ET: Anne Glace Phil reuerctt interi-uieue saith terry companies in l-In-in
Hevdm Ah:-or-t er-rive! I'll. hit EDH.

hodeoougittrorhletryirigtora-I:uedl'ltte
btotcenteprope.

p|.-.I';lta~ma.|ti:n.1;voa\eg,-.letetlnice-end-rrt|t-

NId;.1'J'll'r1:ti:IH-l'n'I'l.IT .l5'I1IFCLIhH.

hmueoryelntienuniotmmedihuu.

jun

|'~.d.'

-_

Arohtooturo -of Terrhory

So: Region

A.-ot1.i-rol lu'|i|n:.a Ti:-palouu:

E'lHIurir:|1
FC: Futurrr l.'.itIrr:. |_.Fl'J-F.-l.Ilt.'ll"p

S-Iigup-crew. inctonesie. Malaysia


Froin :1 5'

Hans Hort.-g
SI-n!nn.n ltraurrug

MEMORY
ARCHIPELAGO
Living Heritage
in the Sea Region

I:

.-'0

E
r.
.=-

by

Manuel Crepaz

Herr-rue tame

p.12

p.d2

Archipelago of Heritage

Island Heritage

Borders in the Archipelago {p.161

Archipelago as Urban Eiaoirstage lp.tB}

From lirlonurnents to Territories oi Heritage-{p.241

Everyday I51-U'id{p.-I15]
Forgotten Destination lp.-Iiiii
Carcerary island {p.5Di
Happy l-||'Ii:l'l|Ct.5.'3l
Llnnarned Island [p.511]

p.23

Scanning the

Physical Geography
the island Archive ip.aD]Extandocl Mainland {p.361
"5lngap-or-sanitation oi Bintan [p..'ilEl.i

Living Heritage ip.-tiiii

This document is an intermediary research result. designed for non-

commercial use. Do not com. translate, publish, licence or sell the

material presented in this work without our consent.

to 2015 Architecture of Territory. ETH Zurich and the authors

p.53

Riau Archipelago
Heritage Parlt
Natural t':uiturat Heritage Parlt {pert}

II.-.-t-..|i;-ruin at or --'"-r-

ii-I-rn Brra-:-M

tale.-my I.-.-l-up-etnqn

The Fiiau archipelago consists of 12-18 islands: Singapore, Batam.


Bintan and Karimun are the largest and the most populated islands
in the region. While many of the remote and smalier islands in the
archipelago are still relatively shielded from urban and industrial devel-

opment, major coastal stretches of the larger islands are developed as

industrial zones, and have turned into inaccessible areas. This industrially occupied areas of the coastline now stand in between the cities and the sea: the urban centers and the residential areas are withdrawn inland from the coast.
The islands economies, ways of life and daily routines have changed
too; the traditional cultures of the archipelago can still be found on

and around the smaller islands, in the archipelagos remote waters.

while the modern life and employment possibilities are strong mag-

nets for migration to the cities on the bigger islands, or on the land.

Recently, the tourism industry has started to discover the remote


parts of the archipelago, where the tropical paradise islands benefit

from their proximity to Singapore. but the tensions between the ensuing tourist developments and the island communities remain.
This project attempts to portray the unique way of life in the archi-

pelago. and proposes that parts of Riau Archipelago should be seen as

the territory of the living heritage of the entire region. The role and the
practices of heritage protection in the region have been further examined and presented. its a possible vision of such Memory Archipelago.
the project proposes a heritage park. which allows the establishment
of noninvasive forms of tourism and urban living in the archipelago

landscapes, in alliance with nature. The parlr supports the local island

I1:-l
l--u

I-ut gt-a.1n'iy
s-:.-

rate-:1.

economies, enables the improvement of infrastructures, and provides


a framework for the protection of natural resources. The Memory Ar-

chipelago heritage parlt is situated off the west coast of Batam. which

has been identified as one of the most valuable remaining areas of


archipelago culture.

5" "'l"i""

-''"''l|'|'l''iii' 1'' ""li|'|i"'

1*

Archipelago as
Heritage

_
.".'_""..

What we understand by the word heritage is evidence of the past. All


the elements which connect the past to the present and to the future
give this trinational. differentiated region an identity. So we n
say
that heritage is something strongly connected with the perception of
the past. Historical sites. buildings as well as the natural environment.

"".e-t._-_.
._ -

can be considered as the heritage of the present-day society.

'-II-l'|lIflh1-'D'Il.|'|I|H
Sdrzqu-fl,

5-erred 'll'torrt'nn..1-'.l':I!

_._

.llltIl
'IliIt'IjI

e
--' P
4'.

if-"~_'.,'.;,-'=;:-.-.'-,_'.-.,
.

.=

der
.
gs-.

..-mrame -

'.:-'

' r

..

..

'

'"-en;

..~..=r--.i-.7.
I.

tl'tere.|lnlettd_I1olyuedttellytIdtIteperoep-

Tltep-ertn|_ ionof_tl'rlIrohha gcl'III

dirlnaedier iorabslliiorys si

etungeuetnutyuuttinhaueueetdtnol

theoertourlpl-tl-tsrepn-eerrlieItots.1Itelnlla'el

elorr'rsaI'rpnr-'svarittoprouloe-:le-

itlont're'ttontar'ti'tei|lPii|hIrc-Illa

presto-.-itluooulttttelteleooeer-deirtmrnore
SI:-eltL.Eslry'tl1irtgr&etlhatl-telittl!.eod

rettteirsedern-_tdIrr'y.i3iltiIeeIartgttIeooeet
wIIrIprlenIed.orlyiiteot'n'IetJreice-

re-'

ii
ornrrtenslrtgtlteiutotherrupplng

-'

i. an.
._l

jiucteytgeputu-ntupurtteriiiien.
.i.d-mllcIItltittalcdo|tertpe_lt1
ulnsttbontnutiiarlliiielritrnirrt

at

tiortofhadbesltrtdtltehtltrslledooeetirtee
b-eoorrrelrru:iortIrI:.lrri1:iell'ji.rrtn:e-tl"tlt-er=I-

oiottrepteruaerithriueteremlernenere.

It-in-.tetn'daIvedlriornte_tian.e.g.rr-neeri

pIetent.'t-.-rttterhtrodeji-_j:nrretIon'tIternrpr.

ti.|t_etlnrrrt|_iunrcil-tenpeIttItIIIlI'i'tI|1'iI_re-

ntorureeitteererurieeeotnropo-tioo.
tIt|tenrI'uplrrm
|jn:itIIe-erttlntlse

EitrIIa.ttieprop-artlornIrtdIleeot' -ieielert-thtlrt-tldtrttb-|'pIuel'tIdlIent|Ier

rrrdreoreuriitu-wdtttrrttt-ytaereitrenrey.
'l|I'l't|tiatlte-per'i.q:itiut.ti'ternerIiIrierejierI
today?

_
...-rs-9..-..'-

f'?"""".l'F.'.'l'l ""."'."?.t'

It-Irlttl-IiIgoeriviIr|i:oge

til

Borders in

I.

lo-IrI|I-rib-lrilti-I
can-II-I-otianlntturrooian

the Archipelago

|HI:I'.I1-rI:II'Ill$'I
IIIM

Tlsgl

|'I.rl:li:l;Iu-I

Initially. the region was untlorstood as a vast expanse of sea


with fragments of land. liriltad to each other through the
water. The sea was the connecting element of the region
until the irnp-iamentation of national borders ended the

tions. The rrtoverfrorn Ia urtilied region to adetacfted and


dient I'Etl31iDt15l't'q:t between the tires nattiona have made
exchange complex and the eflectsol this are still strongly
lelt today.

intoractiorts-of corr-rnurtitles withli the newly defined na-

'|

'I|'II;|arIFerIItII1-

',,..-'I

4-"

.II-"III

-.

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wholes-pn-I:=o. .I.uI-own I'l l.I"Io'I'nl-n. l!l't

II

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.-_

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lit;

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1.

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ant-tau-anon-charm

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.'I'I'I-Iarfeoririitzy

1"lI

-,p.____-____II
5-U

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...~-:__'___.---.:..

'.

early 2ilZiril1I-oeI1tIIryli'rIulIla.rIderI uted togo


Iosinprpu-e Io out-Iengo goo-tlsund In-oeit
peoplefro-In throughout the archipelago.

__

allowed prong interactions within the archipelago. The see region vrll p-amen-ed en en-

.__

'

dens eel irom the Ilirtgto-Dutch Treaty euil

-.-"

J l'IIlI-g

r.
"

,r'''

1-.:'-I. "J.-II}
1 _ _ _ ..-
I
"H.
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he
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ii 'II'_

=5tro-rg interaction l:Ie1ore iZoI-Ilroxtstetion


Beirut tl'rIoorIfro-n|'.ationln 1963. tltll:-on

II

.''--1-.--

it

f
"

truelrl-erljeng
pl
,.-ll-a
hoe-tthttl
L
II

1
I.-J-l"".

It

1:

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|'

I|lI'|l-IH'|'|I-so-|=QI.III'iirII;IiIsI-orln

I... Es.

it

ltltll

ma

I.

f'I'.

Wliilflhi iv i.

I.

fr!

"r"".r.'.:*_...

I
i

Pnrir-t-trleeiI'rIolIIor1uII'
OHFIFIUUIIIIF

4.
I-I
:..-.

:i*I|'-I:'It:-In

'

-r-*

Llll.

I.

It

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g-_

..'ii ''13. .

' ~

II

1|.

|I~

lrngtaementation at Borders
Mttlr the oonimntltiort. nrltion-ll bort.lI-rIr-ti-Iy udl-I-Id-eI:l tlseregion. lh-e trtcseeeingly
lornieiaod and regulated process ct border

amazing and Ihegrowing eoorromir: alliter-

eneoe between Singapore and the rear of


region reprn-errt-eI:l I re-I:liI:Il dingo. For in-

habitenteollthe Fitsu Anrttipelego. "I ts-eoente

more and more diltiout-t to maintain a connection to Singapore. The i-n-:lr.o'triIl develop

mem of Eastern began in the early littlhile and

the pop-uie'c'-on grew rapidly. Batam. rather


IlIl'l Singapore. bu-rhino the nit-er ID'l'ICDnomic pointol interectiorl for th-I I'-urrc-unu:l-

ing inland -ottmrntlrtities.

E-re!ti__I-can

'lwentwcri:ingtoIl-taiIryI-ianpeiInoIlpiIn-

I:aoonIur'It~euepeIItye:rI.t:l-Isn'rtIe'ue

spaeeportarthattirneandttedtog-ore
Tenjmglhnang andttientololtorahruona
srnlll b-oII't-III'i'tlI-B-other psa-cpl-II.

%I_i=:rIo_F'_=-ems

'i'r-n Eirtgeporeelr. i don't belong to Bielelt-Ing


PII:h1g. I III! tortrtliuringtlao yleon-o.' tlart
oonlrorttatton who-nlialt my hornatown. I
with lcould gobs-ctr.IorrIyeiIrer l:u.rtuIrItorlursetliiy I I:lonI htltre enough I-rIrcr'I-Iyi'

-I P-|n;-"In.-u n:|'u:-1"-'1

:f.mu'-1;.-'.

IF.

Archipaiagcr as
Urban Backstage
Eiunr:-p rhn:-. .-'.u_':'.-min"-..=._ 1h='.~ .-=ur:1:|;'ur|r.:.e'es. .*u:':rr_:-1:5 rho'_:.-1.r:':rum_-|:_':_L';u',.
hm-r: -._":m~.:n:s.i'*.u3-:_'J :'|f'|-:1 rhr; c'|nI"h::r='.-nr.:-r_ea nnd |f'|t'_e-cf]-._.':'|I|l'I-!'=..-_'. ho:
r-.-.u'_-.r_-.n1|':.:+:ncJu-.u-rl;m| ::=.|r_4r'.:1:5. hr:-.,-rt n-'.u::,_':I:r1r:-r_J i_u~n:e I-:1:.:nn '1'r--.-..*_'E:rnq.1;_mn:.'.-:. flr-3.1 Ir-.;1m_-u :':'.h'_:r Er'ul_iE![I-Lf=!'ILf|-e"-In-:j:=!_ ds.-.-'.L':ruhr:.--3| r_h-._-:

r':r :n:-'_: '.h-:{- -.-.'-.'ur|r: r~r'.nrr.r_e1 :=n~..rI -_':cm.hr~.n-r_-. :r:n ..|r:'.-'..'.'_ ||'I-_'.- u_'~..-:1 I:-r
r|1+:~. ru|!1:;urln~_:;m us: -1-:<[_:-1'-r-.u'_~.r~..*:arg s.r.J-;|r*.r:tmn._1nr: :'J-'_~c::|.-n-.'_Thr: y7.-c_'*.;u.;|:1Tn:'_.~r: .111 thnfe I::.|:'mr.1; -.r*.:|i. -:: :_|_'~rrn:::'_::=_.n'_! ,1-j. |:nr,.1|:-Ire

.:_I."'f"-II:-o,'If! !T|r'-l|l'=\. {If Fill:-5'].-}]jI-:.II1'f .-'I=. ":_'-I1!.?1l-_.I1|I':-l| frur-rr: thnr-:'| -.-.u:arh1

I'|':|[_'_iI .|1-2? rr._: -:':|t:{!5 :r'.- ~j.r_:.'|r I'_:I"u I'f:uf -!'_-it-!_'.IlIr.'I:"I'i|I:. r-rr1-3|;-e_'-r l'."!.'

i .':-":1 '2'-'.';'.r-::| Kw.-r-I-:n[-n':n-'2'.


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I1-Ithl:-Irllunul-leritlne

Frem Menumentete

'

Territories of Heritage
An eee-riernicall-r and e1.1ttLra||~,r developed eeurirrir such as
5'rng1a|:1ere eens-iders it Inereasin-gtyr Important te preserve
and eenslruet a I'M!-'lDI|'|31'Ii2I1B|'1t.in|. There isa strung effert te

protect the ee1.ir'1tI'.r's history and many heritage institutlens

eeerate In Singapere. Yet. if weeerieider the arehtielageas

a whale region and its htsterii as a shared hister 11. we would

understand that heritage deesnt rid its limits within the


natienal herders. The eeerremiealhr disadvaritaged parts
ef the Riau Arehlpetage, despite being very rich in terms el

histenr and heritage. seem he he lergetten. Their eutlural

_ 1 _, ,

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centribtrtlens are Iettetff the radar ef rnest preeeriralionhsts.


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Gewernrnent reuridlnu for em. and eulture-'n

Eirl-1:|Ii:1-Dre-I1-rt-I-1:-I:1ntinuI-d t-1:1 -gee-It "II-creleirrg

about ten pereeril. from 20H '11: 1131122 :1: 11 115mi M4133 rriiliie-rr 5-G-D.

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Mi_I;-ne a qs Mu-Hum:

The rental riurriberei rnuseumeeri-dh-Hrtaqe

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m-.q.-.-man

".

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pilllerieqinsirrgap-are hu yawn =I'-|H':|ih'

from :5 in EDI}? ie 55in 21511 More muaeumeue allied tee-1:1-an Irnlie eerrrii-in yearn

te Id-cl Ie the hnrttan-I Irzen-I In Single-ere.

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ll'Il'r$uvl-lI-l|vl'i-

Scanning

I-Ir VIP"

the Physical
Geography
Each island in the archipelago is different from the others. Each has
different properties that allow it to be distinguished from the rest of
the archipelago. An island can typically be defined by its form. name
and functions. These isiand qualities used to be a constant in the
past. today. they are increasingly put into question. To understand the

dynamics of the island transformations, it is essential to have an overview on the actual situation.

The land area and the form of some of these islands changes ccnstantly due to processes of land reclamation. Their names also

change over the course of history or even vanish. This archive seeks

to provide a temporal snapshot of the appearance and formation of


the fragments of the present archipelago.

1|:l.p-atlnellhl Pun

rU'|:l|-'l.lrIt;lIIJ

I.I.r1|.;-'11.!-n:.l'|-II"-'1

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UH-:1, i."l'.;.iiIq-.'.

ft-' |rIr1n1,] "H.Fri...--jal1'1e1-;-||'-r.,-

5:!

The Island
Archive
-in nrchu.--n of the r5|.1f'1t']E.1_1-f the r1rch:1*.~ej:|.11g<:1 c.+fr_-is an 1I:'lr_'-ft

it-y name 5'.-t_".'t'!:'1'1. -:';rl1-":1;_I1| H-i'1flf1:j|l|'..'_ 3 n.:1r1'.rr refers 1t'_1 Ti:-t'rl't1r',

-:1. tl'1-r_- ItJ|'|-ll.'i|l_l'l'_.f"-'-l:!';'$ .-tnrl 1:'l1v'i_'rtt3.:1-,-' cf Tl'I5E. 1e-,q::1n TT11'_-dlsT1r.t't-

rorlcsl l'_:-ri1::lrg-11::-:_1n1_t:'1r:~:i 5.-:.~t1;:-the-::1:.|t1.:rr1the-11t:1r;|e l-.'l.1n-,- of

mar. 1'_:.f1,'r1rf-t5lt'11'I:'!l:'t l.~_y snap-1 iur.-:':1.-r1r1_ an-:'l in sr_*.n1r:.-1::1..-31?.-r_._

the 1.s.|.rin-:7l:-:.1n1h:.5. leg-.cn .1113: unnn me-.'l ar~..:| 111"1|:.1l';11't-1_IL1T1j:r."J

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and 1:-11t-.pr!',l"._J!'p11r-.rI.1.n'11_!-cl 'r=.'.:1r.1:l::.

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E-Io Bechte-

Herr-ary l-rr|'-Ir=IlIq-:-

51::-rImr1:i -1'1-I Phpi-cl! fIa-.'1-arIrIh1-

Extended

'|.
I-11d-ullrul -trI.lI1rI-do
r.1nptn'luir_11i-1 'i'1.1rIq1|g-1:11;

Mainland

5-I'IIuIprJil'I-in1-'.i'|Irl IIII

I-ore the .IcJ'-:-I E-r.':-I

Sutgapore rs cornpri o! a mainland island and sixty-tv11'o


much smaller islands, totalling TIE ltni-i of land. The precious land in the constellation of islands around Sirrgapore
is exploited and transformed into rnono-functional zones.
The gravitation exerted from the rnainlarid economic activities. which include the petrocherriical industry. waste

disposal. military. h-ousin-g and leisure zones. absorbs the


surrounding islands atd transforms them into an extension
of itsell. The minority of these islands are accessible to the
p~ublic.- the rna'}i:1rit'y are accessible only to ai.ithor'tzed personnel_ These islands become a kind of eirtension oi the
city and the mainland virithout being a real part oi it.
irre.-Ii_=c_-_r.Ir_!r.|=t-rtcir
Elonirtetlatiort
H |n1.Il'r1I|I.rI1I
I lhltliy tru- IIl.l.I'I .IIII
- - lrutl-.-1i-.1-Ia

-- hlI1:Ibi'111'

Is-Ja_r_irl_'C1-a_ra-1:1 tier-11ri_-11.1_1111r_a1i_
tn the r.e1ui qf.lur1:1ngIi11lnn1;l.|he1rri;1i: 11. new

intrhnretad security management Iyt-tern lor


the security clteclrp-taint. The new vehicle

and pedestrian chat-.|r.poenr on the road Inn-:

q1.._i'II1. '
.I
_.

;:~_! .; ... .;.s 1

b-anvil.-on Jt.I'1:in1;| :1-ricl rnninlrincl Sinqnp-1:-re its


part oi the cit-going raiarid security strata-oy

.1-II:-I
-4

t-!.eo.s.tt4t'1=t-era:-l. !=.L=t-1_<1.rE

The 1.111:-an structure of Singapore ierationallir


org.i:in1:ed.- cius-tr.-re. of relatively m-I:incil'uno
tic-null area: are found iI1|Eli.ll'I|:lIl"tI'.l' urban and

resident-at fabric in the cereal crl the eta:-id.


The main tend-1.1.~u: categories nre "111-1:Iti:Ii:ry.
I-ll:|l.EI-IE ro'.i-vi.-r'11ucllaI1rJ. residential rnI.I_ mili-

tary and lendtiil Oniy 1"C| '-"ill. of the moods


urea in act:-e-:.5.ible lo the public.

I-:I.'IIIL-Iii: Ila-cl

"- 1l'l1'I|"I1
.'1.-eluqln.

IIH-n1IlId
l|r1-:i:1-21.1.11.

-_

I-'|'l|i'lliT_li1ilt2il er-riirr_1

He-"cry l-iri-i-r-lingo

E-to is-.'i-zm

5-III-i'||'i no -Pi-I Ph-pi--.'I-l |-"ll-E-ifltlhii

"Singaporeanization"
of Bintan
Since the 19705. the growing need for land pusherl Singapore to expand its economic operations onto the islands
of E-atann and Bintan. This only became possible through
the concept of the Growth Triangle. which territorializcd 1n
the form of special economic tones. The special ecoinornic
zone in the north of Bintan was developed into a tourist
enclave. run by Singaporean coniparues. The gover nmenrs
ol t-1lng.iirp-ore rind Inrlonesie contiilzrtiie to the creation of a
gated gl-oi:ial1sm'. which here occurs at the es p-ense oile-

Too

lil.ir11'.l.i1 I'l:|1nrlI. little


l"r.i|.li:i1r
"|1:iII I.t-IvDI|I-I-lit-|] .I

i.lIi--urie-lie-Ito-i-ieicur-1-1: IliuBI'|Z-Irla-I|HI"l| "'|li'i'|-IEl|'|ZI'lII|


l-'liIIlI 11-'l.lll7:|

cai communities. Local coastal communities were evicted


and resettled further inland to make space for the tourist
resorts.

The authorities ttsed other tools of pressure to get val.

lagers out. The school that used to be nearby '11-'as moved


to the new settlement. It's now ver y diff'1cult for villagers
who refused to sell their land: it is hard for us to send our

children to school. which lies 9| lrm away.


Eiit1i=ri_lrl.=i.o.=l'.I
llori-stel-'ation

H in-ti-tiri-il entireQ 1n-u-'ti|1.'tl.'111.'||1i1'I

-|_.lirir.g.1-Irs'.e;|-e
v'-

Enetiatei. .Fi.iii.irnrr.iiel Iiiirorpieri

Is-

Tttitire worn many demonstrations in the

?ClCi-Cls and also violent rite-:ii'-oris against


the authorities defending the i;|.It-e-d-1nd:J.t.-

trial and to-tir-st: communities in the areas ol


T.'it1iun1;Lt:b:in'i and Ttlnjting l1.llZ.|l!ll'|.P'il:1'.I1-I'.lwere clerr-o-ti-stratinu to protest their evictions without just i:-i:-i'r:p-erL-i.1ti1:i-r1.F'eo-pl"-e

1-earls.-rip --1-.t.e l-is'1I1't-.'i-tiriiiit and llldull'-dl an-

cllvsvs v1i1iiirrifr1:1rr1 ..'.zi.i:1 and ether plrtr;-ec_- dte

l1:i1'_a||;iei_'.-pie were rnreiy ine|q1:.l-ed in this r'i1itr1.i.1


er:-:inr.1rnic activities not these places.

lihstt i

lhi

I.I.'l'.r|rz.'|uIl rjrl 'lIIrIru'_u

{.|r| HQ-any-II

II'_

U1.-._-.rr l.i,-h.-r.-slug.-_t

:fu:;nri--.-g rl-I P"--.'1..:|lI'.q--;|..J|_1!w

kl

let-

Mir: :1 II.'|'|I.n''I
'

The. islands cf western Batam have a high L'I'-CII'1$1I'rr ct

the pc-ciulaticn hers lwes tr. fcllewing traditional ways c-f


life. Heir.-ewes. the p-epulatien at these luantciu rigs is clrasti
call-.r clecreasrnrq an-:l their pr-aspects fc~r better edi..Ic::utrc-n
and better rnc-srne ate low. This means and urgent rnter

area.

herrtage

-air shrinlrsng ltar'n|::un5;|s rnsli-es ll .1 'r'13|1llJhlE bu-t vulnerable

j__'

-.a'''
-_

"

"F

.-

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-'
I

Ir__

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*-_

:
I:

r.
I,
.-

-|.-.
,_.u
d"_-u
_-

.l|' "--I"l |-l|.'I -

.Fr5i:r_w-r-inst.LI5=.s::.H==-tsp-ti

In 1!1i5 am:-.1 at the Riau_'.l'r:r-nae-r::.r1;.'r:-l|:-:1:-J


'-erlicri-:rrvr.:||r-.-1rIr.| hr.-1II..Iui: 7!-|'t.p' |'-'-t,"l'. -rel.
l|"l4:|i!'r|1!l'l'r.'lll|'L*.-E-r;"rClr-i.1r'I.4: herlwr-en lhrr cl Her-r:rril. Islands are uettrnu w-izirsltcir l-rlciti-:e1h-u
Large f.l.rf'l" hnr ca-f islnncls an-I 1h r4=l.1.1n.~qr|-.-

:..-nall rIur11'.':-air of kampungs

'

-''| '

'.
.- - I.~-'._._ .-5-- " _ , .
-:'
.I': 1.
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1-=~ "I

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.,_

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--'
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5':-ntir:-n te safeguarcl the assets cf the intangible cultural

~.q____..l

=EPA...

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1'

B_a_1.1rn lslun-cl":

..-

Hip

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|2'.'n:,rn5trrr|Ir:r-.'rr'r
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9"

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-LII. u:I'--q.'.I1F

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-4-r.--t-| r-4-:rurv-r-:r1-J

Fhe area can he maarltecl as living |'l{ll[a_]E!' as most ef

kampungs. the lrnlrs between these islands alse rentarn


mract. Llnlrlte Bintan. the tcrces exerted law the ecc-ncmies
cf the lrtrrlcnecsia M L't'y$i -E'Hng:J[}".H-E
titre-vrh Trrangle less
affect Eiatarn. tts cultural content and large c-sncentialrrznri

_r

h-al.!

.-

' I

'

-lu||!|'|5lIi:_|'i-till -:-r "Il"'|-til:

5-Ileuhti-I1

15'

|-it-re-I1 lath:-III-no

Island
Heritage
Each island in this region is significant different from the others. Each

island has its own history, people and thus. unique cultural heritage.

In order to analyse this diverse region. we developed a series of island

typologies, which present common characteristics and differences.

Main distinctions were made according to the type of activities carried out on the island, its people and infrastructures. Additionally

forms of relations and connections among the islands in the archipelago determine the islands typologies. The typologies include: the
"Everyday Islands''. the "Forgotten Destinations". the "Carcerary Is-

lands''. the Unnamed islands" and the Happy Islands."

Tr.pdh.-:-nll huh Iulu |.r


-Fr.i.Iu rlbriq. IIIII11

|I|lI'IdHlrIH-go

l.H:h-III-c_n.rIe er 5I1'i|'|i.'i|]'

|-l_eI.i-ant -irIIi'?|"|''3'

Selieiritzi-rt

ltllnd Hlfll ll

I5

l.Is.!v_dt='.t_i:I.

i?.hs.n-air-.a.'e!w:!her.t

I-I-enclro is staying on Piul-tn.r5-arntni vtioeltmg


along with his son as la-no For as his emphy-

ufl.-.l.|nd|I1|tah-ilnnltl
-4-.r!.

er Ilrznrttl him. i-'l'l Eli-I of utnrttpittnrrnlnlt he

-'41;

weul-dmotreto etamtpraoltle-ra nettrpob.


liner. 39
Elrlum: Pulau Sernlau
We-rlt: lt|'I'orinnttn nl Write Pit-rteminn

-1.91
E+'IM:-

I-.11.
u.-ru.

.llbt:l'u||Il'r Am Inn lilherrnan t:ttr Elirsai.

lnuricittnt oltchea due to-the lacli oi lish

Inrcaad him IDFHDME In F1.Iu Le-n-hng. H:


aevaefttltinu we-tyday an the international
wetter: trtrl-tern the ftnh ll larger.
Ago: 53

l'lr'Ili.: F-ehinn
Ci'l'i W'1: PLIIIILI DIITII
E: was at I-no-nnclttry Icl-t-no-I Englrlh

and Mathematics teacher at Pulau Ma-can

and had atlas-aal :3ClIu't:l:. Ml:-stir-e etzho-ctl


r.-lr:turu:l_. he I'll l'o-rc-and lo: f'|'l'D'I|I'.l- to Ealnklng

Padang I-i'I search or it new it:-la.


Clriqin; Pulau Dunn
Age; 35

Parents wort: Frtli-nu

Asndhutivedirt einhng Padang lino-rzr

he was 30. Hlatweec-net-vein Eletartt Center

and DDt:lI.it:|l'| ii'ftrittil 11r'I'r1 an the twtair:-It'rt:l.


Age: 55
Clrigfn: Pulau Purnptng

Ftachrnan re mainly a liaheunan in Pd-nu


Aklr. Beside: lilhinq. has it an Rtshm Ictnngua [RT]. n neinhbeurtueed anntmt. and

an

r-''

etnartr lvlo Hutu-eitl. he n-as lo meal the RT: oi

the four eurreurtding ll-i3t:'I'I to tent about adminintnliee -r.let:tisi-aria.

Age 5|
'lr'lrit:i-r|:: Ftnhrrrg Ind RT
Origin: Born on Pulau Altar

in

.III

' iii. E
IIII

EC
lE1'_'"f'19_ii1!1TJ5;!_t_1=1t'_$.*"_t|l.l!'LJ!_3!Et|5_!

Srneller Islands in the nest of Batam are


ertpetiencinu declining resident numbers.
fulultty pa-op!-a rrt-a-ve to bigger island: I:-r:t
have better access to public Iacilttlee-ar to
I'rll-I1lpClil't to the main ialarud.

Q .

I-'t|'|-'lli:|'-all at er-err;

SH Bernar-

I-letr-tiry it-irhrolllg-a

lllld HI-i'itl'D-ti

E-ri&_|'5'I'ie}j_|s|Ind

l?

'|
Frat-.' trituw ad use-tint;-at.

II1=.'P'!P't'

illlr-rl He ions lIi'|t]|l"i0


Ion-at IIH1 |'I'IfI-:|uI

t-It-vi-cu
I Pii-t-I-r I-ti-o-tivl

- til-tie-zrue

Town. blithli l-nrn


h.l.u.r 1-u.t

2|

trrlq-r|'.rI'r-rir.I|:h..p:o..|n.'-arttiq-rt_

It-illlt In It-I In-und it.

li-|i"t-'-AMI

Everyday Island
The Everyday Island irlre PuL'in.i i.anglr:tng ltecil is the most
comrnon typology found in this port of the archipelago
The population or these islands is sltrintung and the main
activitires are dened almost airclusively by lishirig. The settlunents are usually small clusters ot hoosm that grow radially Into the sea arotrnd a center. which typicaly include
a mosttue and a primary school. They norrnrily laclt aooess
to clean water on the island and are strongly dependent on
other islands for other facilities.

'ii_tH'nn'ty

|n'\d.IIt.lN'J

''I do what my lather did. l'r'r. an arptaan Fisher

tin-ti my brother is a trap father

TrI==|iiie:iitt.i_iri.- Ffertniiti

Than Icing history of certain sit-as gitnr.-it the tieglon a 1trongidentity.l'-laritu-no custure and
traditional way: of living at-:in-3 tiviththe rit'Jt-

.'It'\-I1

fliI'.'|-Ii itli IHE h-IELI-Ii iE"!5it..|t't.'-IE! CiD't.Ii-t'.f bill |..l'5i!-El

as it p-otuttial for a kind of tr.-act--tr:-t.ri.-.r1'i't-ct


irt.r3en.1iyiti_'etl'ut fauna] micro-environments.

Traditional F:-.t.h-i-rig or this production -pt char-

coal lrorri rnangrove woods could play a role


in I:ra-atir!-ga tuurist ll'I.l1-EIiOit'l To-t iviri-g her-

rtege.

l.||:|'I-'lli:_I't.ri|l at term-tiij;

|-{Herr I-rh-r-III-rt-i

seeegnan

ll1lI|"t.iHi||1It:|-I

l_'~i:-iaeiten

l"l.t1't'I-'ig.-citl't.Ieut..:-I-nht.r II'I

1.3.-_-=_4_i'_rs_Ii_-=_n_TirEl_i=.i-.oir

lhehet'urri-rte-raeleli-Ii I-:|e
'IIhI':l"I

H fnrrierr t-:.'|i-oi-'.I-I
I Serirltetr

- art-aeou-I

td.|n-denI|I.llr.'trig.nrt

SIIT-be

_-..rHe.

:'.

1r'.r"-."t. .i I'?." "."..."'* _'__'

'

/'I

-"l.l_;_:.g_'$!':.-:.::'-eke
'-=-r-i--.'III:I_--I-rt

_.,_

-la.

'-.

.'l.

Forgotten Destination
Islarids with a rich past history. which is legible In material
elements on the island represent a strong site of heritage
and interest. Srimbti island had strong relations with the
Dutch before independence.

Delis

At. we can rune Item the oooutltion numbers. ect:-i1r:i-my and production activities are
1:t-nae.-paring on tire M:..rtlamd'

B-etarn was mostly covered by1i:it't!il.t. Sartrtsu

wart one oi the most poouletnd centres out


the region

When Etttarn built its first ind-_r-Itry 1i:ina1

in the 19101. Belakang Padang was left he-

Lll.!.!E'L''_=!.'G!El1E!

The long hietorlee oi oertein erlee ltril the


region a srr:ingir:letrt1ity.r.'lte-r il'til:iI:I'liEIi.l. wr:r-n
independence Irorn the lflutch enrl, when

hind. The ielandtned to blame at the main

trettlrn-a centres in the re-gion. not-ii it "re raortg


depqpulalinn. its h-iggalt Israel is it: hietcnr
aria tradutq past.

I-

-u

#1..-er
.
-t---'-

-t._

"--.: Hr-.

::-..-I. in!

1-.-iciu-mrr vzhnot cloned


E'I'|'5||'t1U3

l.I1:hl|I-:_tuII-H 5IIl'"_H7l:[

IIJ

5'lIInI'I'.|'|'|

|-H-.-I-'1 I'I"l?'||'-I-

llllfld H'll'lIlDIII

|$a,r_er_m

l'uI1lr|1un'l ifu-l'|.I-tI.II'

an-.r_-:d_T:n:~:&en:

III-Id Into-II.

H t'\r-Irunr Irhw-I

l-.

5|-Itel

I-le-|1ImII'-Iti. I'lI~5-IIIITIH

n-nut-new-Irie-c-rIrrI-cue-n
Fuel"-Inillln-cl

-IIAH-our

.1:
huuuuneeeltumu-r
Inland nal-H-

1.-agape-I-1u.:HIe IMM-

hurl-pie-.I'h1

E.

Cemetery Island
Funteey Istand Development Pte- Ltd. was eetehlislted in
2010 to pursue the vision of eteeting the largest eee-path
in the world- this Vtsh is menifeete-cl in the 300 million
5:3-D develep-ment ef a cluster of six istands tnte Funtesar islenel. The real estate in M16 km from Sentese Cove. and the
prices fat -3 brur.-gelew statt frern 36,'DD{t SGD. the development el te-urist EfH:T 't|'E:5 has created a fragmented cendtien "It the Singeperedndenesie betder mne. This ttrpe ef
gated glcrbelisun dlseemeets the islerltls from the test ef

the Rise Atehipelege.

!'e1eh-!etn_tr;!

All I db ":1 far my Tn-arnity u;hI.II1InJ|Icmu. I'm

I-mplewd an the Funtatrr blend Preieet an


n -ubrkrnnnlnr Efnan Mleut 'lhiI I'll mmtelu
rrw femihr.'

E.-my-!.eI_t_t.=.'_rn-.2 gr...

aivsitat-em

The Iutuna at thus He is EH1 ennleeed cemmut ly131 p-enple mni ye-tn1'u-nq lrnrn
pe-re with no i|'Itll=l an Inteuru-1-a with the
:u.IrrI:IurI-ring arm; The re-1I..r|li:nnintetrt.I|:n

ueu-1.: wold em-1:-met edema new-t poten-

iiz

tial inI:ern::t.'n:utu.

}D'|1'

!-?""""."?.'.'"""."'."?.t'

9""""'I"'V"'

5?

"W" ''''''|''''

5*

"" "I-'ui'I'.="7':.7n..'T"""'

Instant
H In-I-vuzl-H

:,_

_ 3-|iHtF*I

hIu-Ieu-I-

*--+

I.llu.| 'tHa
Em-id

heat.

..'L".7"..I.I., ......
kqhm-o-an

up 'reuml.n-ununn

antennae-titan-tq-H-ultra

.,:'::.......m":::..*-....

II

J.

ii

|.I'k-ili

.,

trm-nan

Inn-=1 one-duI=tI:-H

Happy

|5|3n,d

thlh

The d-Efl'I':| t'tof i HBI|:||}p' Mend le B l liitlg


Padang. 4'3 an
igiargd that :5

prg3pg[|['5r and g[gwth_

lehrudh are rich In C=t.IH:I.Ia|. ethnic and economic d|'tI'el5:'Il'j'

ndhft t tu .T
I el
tr .wh'heewe
3,, 5u,,:::fWrE,ar,:::;:.:h2,$u::,1m?; g" M,
Willi.

""'' |

m;..;,.;. I

um

|_._t;1_y_"|'_1_'.I_|.3|,aj

I'm e-wtur -:i I lmwlm In than mental el

Eleltthlltq PI-dint: with I tetllel Rempler

an: my

lI'H_U -and |"|'I'}"|1IlLIE|'lIP.'llII-DDOKIJI

Md '3" '"d''3""" d3h""'

""
rm:

nae !

.
.
1?3r_t_qI'_*!E*=1|_!'_d_.1'Ll_d_'l19_ _|

Huu1'rI-g. lilo is what d'|ant:1:eriznI.Ihi:|IJ|.nm..

Ihelueett are-lull ef peel:-teen-rning Pm-rn


I:l'rfhnnt plunu at the nrchipnlggq Hum-

kid: meme Ire-m kutnpen-uh to no to anaemi-

error high Ieheal: ethrrseenu here for

wart either ee-rllelrern Bltlrn for eating at

li
pplrru.

n'tul11..I'r'I'.rIri1rth and! went

W hum """"'"5

'""""'*""
' "'
ui1:ltI1l1'H1.luFtJ|IuH-I!lHIIItuFIII1Ih.l|'ta
horn: In our nmnly rruet Incl-an-ninn Iriqnd

cum Ieur uutde.

l.II:|1-'r|v:_n.n or "Il"'|Ill'|

5-Illeuvun

5]

He-very lath:-III-no

Irllncl HI-rune

He-rururnic-erll hl

Ill-Iltllillll

:-

vn he-w Iuuru II-ulrl-n


'I
EDI: Ii'|.||fH'l I ml

rumour-o-inn .-q-run n 1|-

3'-eh:-IS-=I'ItI

Unnamed Island
Univ it short distartoe {tom the urban oentre-s of Singapore
and Batam. untouched islands sppe:-tr. Covered In mengroves. these islands ervcl their surrounding vvnters serve as
source of lrvetiho-od for fishermen. It is or uoiel to preserve

mangrove and other unnamed and unirrltrihlted Istsnds


from development.

-""_i-!=l'!!-ti-ttl!ttI!=!'!+.Q't.1I_'t_I.E_'-id!-'

Fishing and agriculture err: slill irrvpoctam I11-

the quiet parts out the Flint: .I'-trehipqdnqo. end


cprul-r:l be -u-alunltile for the -rzihr in the Elulutr.-.

Fm-v development here should he most oste-

fully cup-rtsideripcl.

l.Ir:hl|I-c_n.rIo-:It 5Itl'll_Htl:[

5'lIInI'I'.|'|'|

|-H-.-I-'1 r'l"l?'||'-2-

llllfld H'll'lIlDIII

II?

!I1tu,r_Ir.=.|=itt".*. in that
t'Lt1ii=Li=-92
r Idlltltth

is-vi-tor
Hon-q-I.-I

'!'?".l'l"'El'?.'.'W.""."!"!.t'

5" "WW

55

Riau Archipelago
Heritage Park
The idea of the project is to acknowledge and promote the potential
created by high density of living heritage in the Riau Archipelago.
and. by doing so, create opportunities for its revitalization. Increasing

the intensity of linkages between the islands of the area would be the
basis for fonrting a single, large island constellation named "Riau Ar-

chipelago Heritage Park. The park would function as an archipelago


within an archipelago. With a size equal to that of Singapore and as
a destination for tourism which seeks to encourage and preserve the
natural environment and local traditions. The proximity and good connections to Singapore and Batam make it a potentially attractive destination for sociallv responsible tourism. personal growth. and environmental sustainability.

I:-i.u|~I't:"vDIIItN'lII-I|I'Iu-IFIII

.
.-

_.
11...
._..
..
...

..
.
....

r._
...
..
I

. r. r_.e_v.s_.
.

Traditional

Production

Lo-cal Fish Production

Tourism

Mangrove as Attraction

Handc

lit'a U

Em -Tmmsm

.l
Archipelago

Retail Market

Hamaga
.-

I_,..r

Historical Sites

P fk

/ifMangrove Reserve Eh

Nature
Archipelago

3i'3"'VE't-lit
Forest Areas

Natural Cultural Heritage Park


The pailt shouldbe the restt oi the three most powerful
potentials of the region: traditional production. cultural heritage and nature within the archipelago. These potentials
should lsedevel-oped and promoted as attractors. giving a

stronger iclentitv to the unique heritage of thearchlpelago.

The zone should be put under protection to Inoentivire only


lesar'invasive eco-toi.Iisn'i. vihich does not pose a threat tor
rnlcro-enviiorirriental relations. There is a need to prevent
the parlt from "5'I1gaport:atir:n and the establishmentiz-t
enclaves t'li:l&t-|:tHal"f islands in the Rise Archipelago Heritage Park.

Cultural
Heritage

Sources

iviemorv Archipelago

i
Earur.1ttA.I_2DDBl.:anrmtSirii;n:iorata-

hrtit|..Parlpl-ierai lrlali-timid.-islirnrzlihlrli-ig
the LirIt.lI1BildIool1ho.l3.{l3-Cl-l.|'tdII"
r'ng-latar':ia.~Tl'ial.Iiupacroi|'FhIdLlrilrI.

tats-irtnpe-ageIartls.e-oiti
wvrvnaisirouhhr-qpudu-ip.oaIn

IE:-iarlotsa-taavriuhoeirnlhaaa.

c"v-Iii-u.lJ.P..SaI.l..L.l_'...'i2|1l]-..i5i.l3ItroI|:oct
oItl't'ratZtuar-i..adauiHiroor-ji.-. Ftie attariid
Ptaaeritoflblaarsgllhndiishgapora.

t2:i'iuIl'-'i:il'rS-ing.l..uleL-Ii:inu$I!rr.$ulp-arauli'i'rirl-dirrlarnrlilliislhrlrillal-rli-ii}.
Wills E.i:1t.-*l2|'l]L l.ai'ii:laI:apaPl-Irininp tr-3'ir1~

gaipir:-ia~.5&impna-ra-.I'laI1i:r1l.li-iliriai-its-of

5ii'igap-ore.

git!-In

Bsirviireli. T.. IrIi.r.'rIiii..H.. ilr E-ldairirlisl. l2DD'l'1'-'l'Giohll 'l'..'.it~,.- Frorrtianc Singapore: I-rrtan
turd and the Dontaatied Socle-poitioat
thographlea -oi Ertan. ind-on-hi-. inwnillrtrrili Jorillt H Urltiit and

Fiiaaiiaiv.-it, I-ttitrlji-, 3-22.


Chi:ii.i. C-. (EOE). 5lt'IDI.'H'I. Siriigap-arI'a bordaisanctn-. Terri-iani.n-itgrratiisn and amrir
ratios at rri-alriiltv. .|oui'i'ial of %t:lviiaaI

Aian Eituiaa. 43m. -'3-9'13-Gil-t.

Panvern-pat. P.. lihtti-eaorirt. l1tt!tD!i.nelltirrth Carrturv lslamlo lleriliie til llllir.

Archlpd. 3?. 153-172.

p.IB: ht't:p;.|hrvnm*iocgr;go-ug,r-,trriudia,rIiIl:H-wnM#m '


m 'Q

altatlaii-ca2t2Il3ifiiirai.aa=l-irr.
Its-alchritaj. 'raarbc-oi: of Statistics Eingr
peiia it-t.
b'tit.-Irtri-isiara

Hiiri-:io,l7'ialau5a.rnhu.
ia.Pi.ilIi..ilitar:iai1.
ltnchmui..PtilauAlrar.

AndPr.h.rBrrlaI:anoP-adanu.
AI:-rlilat-r.li:l:.Fi.rlauLai-iIr.ani;|.
Tonvnv. Pull-user-ang.
DtIh't'.PulauSarIil:ii.i.

tilot-at-nrnad.l3uIauFtIiaa1i.

Erhr'r'ar.iao-i.i.Pu|auE-iilafltario

_|'t.'l

is-vriI.tl-Illiiartapoimtlsrn

iiraiiaiadldpadimarg
is-vnuivvlirhi-aiaai.org

wIrw.rlari.iiaritIoo.arr|

iwria-.noc:i'ah.canv.ac.ut
iwnuharritage-at:-g

WWW-D tlli

litl

lthltit

_'

.--

-ru_-..-

___
-

--Il

1
''

'I'

__

-.

_IiI

:__-

_'_

i-'I""12
-1- .-
-
._.__'.-i'
.

I.

|_

--.-

"'

__

_._-

I.

Arciliitecture e-fTIiII'iili:ii'1'

ETH Enrich

FIE-I. Future titties LII:-oretorv

SEA
URBAN
Towards a Public
Sea Space

bi-'

Pen-m.C-o-uI:i:i1:ii:iuli:i-I

Aleiialo De Gettarri

.i|i.I.e'l:. Pri:rl'. Milirirat Ti:j3ll|:l'Il'lCI

Hana Hortig

Sielenire Ifnutzlp

p.12

p.53

Grammar of

Merging Land

(Dis-J Engagement

and Sea

Shifting Perception-it {p-Jill

A El-isconnectad Territory (p.601


underdeveloped Sea Tl'3t't5|1tIt2t-Ila-!lt2til'tl.|:J.E~Ili-ll

Living with the sea toast

p.13

The Sea as Another

p-.72

Urban Territory

Oceanopolis

Sea Users ip.2EJ.'I


Ftavaaiirig the Seaway Coda {p.24}

Sea Trai-c lpt 231'

A Barge-Focused Transport Landscape tp.3i2i

The Port tend thalcity ii:-.36)

p.-I12

Men and the See


People in Motion ip-stat]

Workers at Sea lp-.43)


Tourtstsat Sea lp.52}

This document is an intermediary research result. designed for noncommercial use. Do not com. translate, publish, licence or sell the

material presented in this work without our consent.

tie 2015 Architecture of Territory. ETH Zurich and the authors

Breaking Barriers tp.'r"El


Bridging The Grip ip.TEIl
Drawing A New Line tp.itD]
Uriaanizing The Sea ip.B2i

-|.|t1|v|lI-G_|'lirI|lI:||'5IIl'llH2l]'

an Luann-

5'lIInI'I'.|'|'|

lnrrnmp:n-rH'-

Boundaries of many forms and functions territorial. geographical,

mental circumscribe the identity of a territory that remains in limbo:

the Singapore Strait. Gaps in social. economical. demographic. and


cultural characteristics constitute the complex and hard-to-define

boundaries in the trinational region. These intangible gaps are


echoed in the architectures of formal territorial demarcations along
. :1 435. .*-:'
_ .-.p,f'
=3-1'. :,._
.-:l- - | I.
-- I_';d_
.-- -.1. . .. J

I_.__|'.--'.''1 -ii :9

the Singapore Strait and the region's coastal areas. At the same time,
shared interests in investment opportunities. flows of goods. neces-

sity of resources. and in sovereign identities. anchor the three sides


together in a cross-border geopolitical form - a triangle - of
questionable stability and balance.
The project Sea Urbanism tackles the problem of redefining the
identity of the Singapore Strait. Instead of the Strait seen as the

industrialized borderzone territory. and a geographical and mental


margin. the project aslrs how could the sea of the Strait become a
public space? who could benefit and in what ways from being out on
the sea? The value of living at and being close to the water has inspired the proposal for a new zone of maritime public uses within the
Singapore Strait. which opens up in-between the existing shipping
lanes and the security systems. Specific areas have been selected for
different functions. to enable exchange within this new zone among
the seafarers. locals and tourists, supported by an extended network of
public sea transport. The reinvention of the public sea space. which
breaks existing barriers and bridges gaps. invites a reflection on the
rigid planning and political approaches to the cross-border relationships within the metropolis. and speaks of an opportunity and a
necessity of envisioning the Singapore Strait as the space of common

nil-dborln-IL
mu

fI.I 1v.n1.
5-hp:

future among the three count ries.

I--rhiru:_r-i.uo|'1r--Itry

E-Io Motrin

1:!

5-H U-'tl|l|'|-ll

Grammar of

(Dis-) Engagement
Unlocking the potential of a territory implies understanding and
grasping the relation of given territory to its surroundings, as well as
to its inhabitants. In our study of the Singapore Strait as an urban ter-

ritory. the first step was to comprehend how the local populations re-

late to their territory. Given the geographical proximity to the sea, we

initially considered the relationships to the sea to be representative of


land-maritime interactions. only to be surprised by our later findings.

HIIECF Ti-El I'I|.lrl-ujlh

Ir:-I-cl I1 5-rvgup-nit than

the lorrna-v' ct-Iul-H -in


u1uIlI-I1 lull:--llh-I II.-I
7*:-Ii"-I'll?" WI:-CH-I

CHIN-I'4|' III |':|"I- l EI"Il|DI"'|'IH'|l

I-'lZl'|-'lliI_|'-.i|lI:Il'I|"i'N1lI|'-,i

Ii

E-to Hornet-

EIII-I U-'lH"|-"I-'

itrrarm-ir I:-li':'i-i- 1 l=.nr:i-i-our-Int

Shifting
Perceptions
Lying one degree north of the equator and a small strait
south of Johor Bahru is the lozenge-shaped island of Sin
gap-ore. it is considered both the southernmost city of the
Malay Peninsula and the northerrirnost island in Indonesia's

|3'|'|'t|I3:t:lt:--I 5|--tclll.

t:.t-.i|ii'IrIrI Llri 5II Huh. '.-El

I-In tide-o. '.'l3I'I2

Ftiau rlirchipelago

A comrrion sea unites the three territories into one

bigger territorial entity. however. the same sea also divides


them.

Fctounrrrru

21Lt'I

rrtlh

|_r1Ir_-=_i.=i_r=:=el|=_i-_n__=';i I_l._r~a~_'=-.1

Despite its iiiland geography. Singapore has


a noticeable l:ll5t:Dl'1l'l-l:l!ll.'.I'|i lrorn the sea.

Cine all our first urges when confronted with


this topic van to qullitnttsialy and qi.i.Inhr1:
'li't.'Ilil'p't:Il-t'.'ulalB1.l'Ii-ltir1'IEi and -l.lr1-'.:t..i-be necesaory to reach the sh-or-til-inir from our base at
CED-l.T[ on I'.hi:i NU5 Carrqoin. Mter Iuoclino
this coast, nnol-hor 7|] rninutl.-5 airi-cl 5.5l-:o1 ol

virallr-no was necessary to tench the sea

lltl-I3-I3-l' l"I-ll.

Fear a nd Distance
As eloquently presented in the worlts. of Charles Lim. Singapore's relation to the sea is one ol a volu nlary nullification

and dE1Eil'Bl33Il:El=ll.
A 2011 advertisement of the Singapore l-lavy reads:
"Ne all talie the sea for granted. But that wouldnt be pos-

sible vrithout the advanced naval technology that is de-

ployed around our shores. Talte the rnultituri-ctional radar

that is installed on our lrigates. Conventional radar can only

help with surveillance. ltlultilunction rads also oointtols


the Aster anti-rnlssile system and helps target aircraft and
low-llying missiles. in combaL when every second counts.
it malies all the drllerence. But what's the best thing about
this radar? it makes sure you don't even have to thinit about

the sea. Ever.

l1l.l:l!.'."._?:_l\-'__".":*.l.l'_t.'il:* _ E
'| loturnriel tc-:.w1ri-1 3 yiti.i;ri:i none. but rrsou nl
n'iy1'1'-ondti don't avirirn as wall.

I pro to aatCoiiatParl:lor1Iie catoteraas


and to Sentosa on Sunday: tor the l1'E'lB'l.'!l'L
but I don! swim. Why would lbrririqyerii to I
beach it there's no load or cats there?

as David Teh oomrrients in regards to the above text.


The sea is a horizon of unspecified threats. a domain of unqtriet souls. And the promise of the state is not its conquest.
but its negation. ftoti don't even have to thinlt about the
sea. Ever.:I The repressed idea of the see. if not its image.
belongs to the prophylactic complex that guards a matrix

ofdrip-fed. suburban xenopliobiri.

Sirigapore is our rightly dependent on ships and the sea.


yet their presence has been cast away from the city and
hidden behind the gated container parlrs of the logistics
zones.
In our own personal experience. a :15-minute wall: along the
streets parallel to the coastline in the Slementi area yielded
no access to the seacoast.

l.Ii:hli|-s_rt.rIooltlIt'Ir_i-ttrjy

Soliooitirl

tli

E_-I-I l.lIl:IIruIrI

ttrlrrnuroltlolttrlg-Iporrurtt

-Iurri-It-o-at bu-Iith.

Fr

hither I.rIiiIt.ii_tl.Irlryr'|

tI!|ii'I'u:rI.I1|:| irrillrrr

:I.|rnp-uiqtiril-iii-tan
:1

llnun-ttii-i'liaIIt:ii-outta
Iunuunohlinon

Prestige
in the case of Johor Bahru. Malaysia. the relation to the sea

Our raid. the Sea


The presence of the sea in the Ftiau Archipelago is regulated

isa platonic one.

by more practical relati-oi'ish'q:is. The sea actsas the inten'ri-e-

proiect.

strorgiy alfirms the concept ol a rnaarts to an and thus die

The heriroh has aspecial expensive type of sand that


comes from Sahel: {region in Malaysia}. It is rirot allowed to
swim here, were the words ol an employee at Danga Bay
Developritent in Johor Bahru. during the presentation ol t:l'ie

Here theoorinectziori with the sea has been reduced to


lerstrre, to the ownership of views, the phantasrnstic en'yo-yrrient of 'lifestyle'. as antltropologis-t Michael Taussig de-

diary b-etirireen lisl1'rig.transport.coi'i1meroe. and housing.


.l-'tppropn'ate-d and utilized in the daily tile of the locals.
the sea is 'I'idisp-errsable to the organisation of these com-

munities but evirices no romanticized social vsltires- lt

lib-iara*t1'rig it lrom any collective prohibitiott in regards to its


use {view photo 3}. Therelore. a sort of inertia governs the

relation of the popii.il'.ation towards this corruriii:-clit'y'.

scribes it-

H-igh levelsof pollution coupled with the start: political

context ol the i:li=.iEln.ictive presence ol the ilauseway have

rnarlied the collective perception ol the sea- "i"et. reoently


imported investments are revamping that perception and
transforming it into a well sought out oorrirricicllty.
llllF.'Jrl.tt._1'5._!II1'.'i. avrtanrat .t.lTl-'l

We are nott:a|a.1bhofI.tti-it'ni'riirr1; Maybe


only 30%. or line. of Iilalltll ltrI'l.ITt. it i:l-iipaundt.

-trtrtthe larrilly-, til the lattsar can iiwirri, he will


lriot'J'i hit: clu'ldi'oi'-.'

;Bati_J._1'?'._ra-_l.e._l3I'oI_Ie

'|elori'iavn'r1-i. In my farriily only my aunt can


IliI1'I"ll.

-_|.fi:h-lil-:_t'y_I_-trl|iItjIr_io-_y'

9-IIl'og'-oti

1!

'|"tIvIS-Io-I-i-lrriritltli-Ii't.lrHI'I-lrltrt-Iti

The Sea as
Another

Urban Territory
Seaport cities like Singapore have witnessed drastic evolution and
transformations in their waterfront redevelopment.
Over time. the port functions and infrastructures changed dramatically.
and with them the place of the port in the urban fabric of the city.

The port's human element has been reduced by technological advancements and automation in maritime and trade logistics. its interaction with the city has been reduced by expanding infrastructure.
such that the city has gradually retreated from the active waterfront.

_ ._ . -.~._~

_ .
l

-"

-N-.'.'
1::
IL'_'*I.r.

._1_
.

l-tovihrinq-thud-IrIol.'r
HIrII I't!li

S-lrr-pup-air-at.rIril'Ia-iri
I-II1I:t1tltM--C|'D.l1.'lEl'|II

II

t-Io iioanaii

ti.i.-him.-_|i.uiI i:iil 'ciririr_ii-_u

'Ei.|-| I_i.it;i.;ruii-

Thl Eii|i|i}i|.itin:-i--i-i :iit.-in iii-iii.-_.i-ii

Sea
Users
Our search to tindersianrl the iirb-anited territory oi the
Strait began by trying to discern and quantify the various

risers this helped us I.rnder_<.-tantl the main functions that

take place within the Strait and ultimately realize the strong

' I-"3-1 l'-'.it.ll -ii-titit

polarization of i._rses Comprising this heavily iotii:i-n:tli:'F.*i:l and

'!riii.i| r-night ri-mini-iir

trafticlted rernrory

4|:-_nu

im

'.'H.'-.l iii-i|i-ii I'M.-I

.,.

:"li'i'.|iig.-i flr'III.

*
l'll'li It-i-LIi'i:iti' iii-:-i

IIi
!'-I.1 |"..g| ".i-:ii.tii|i

L-

i"ti

ail Hpsiiitrn -'ui|i

2'2 H'1'lh-i'.i.|

'.-:'.i Llig-il

"

Luigi:
I.-aiirci

Iin-ind i.iIi"l
1'li. His-ititii.rIi

.'1i. so-i-i;-Il -

I1. =_iiiia-

L-u|1lr

Lm
r_.m..

i'.Ii'|Iil

..

-.

in. T.

__i "5'

'
-

"

E"

. I

~ .

_'
' '

I'll

-i-i.

..-"

ll.

i'

-ilir

RH

Ti Eilhli t-an

"'

11:-.laii

l
III

l,i'

--

3.|1,

'

' '5"
'-t"Ii F'ihioIrI'.pdi

1 If|_"'u

.. __
"

.I

i-i.Irli

III.

E,

ii-_q_i_Il

:li't.

ii.'Jigi_'a

___,-"'-

I
I

__i"'

A Pr:-larired Clientele

Li:-gisti-:s is the snrinri-;.~isr11-arit -ol the lloiiiv of


goods Ii-erii-riiiei- the point -r.rl origrri and i.hi_-i
point r.-I con.'i.i_-.i'npt.-i:-ti. :t'l c-rr.lrii to l".1t.iFr'! it-omn
rriqisiiri-n1-I-i'tt1. c'l ci..rr.1-.3:-i'i-iitrt or corporations
More ll'll|'l TI"D"iI'rc-'l all tn.-s'st.-I-.' Crossing
tl'-re-ualir or across the Strait are related in
this transport oi go-i:i-ds. and corrtmoditios

.Titn.i-' 5p.i=.'-.i.1 -'i.i.F'-=r.1

-I-ex,-oirling to the ICC lnteinatiortal Mari-

i=i.'-s~i'.iii.ir. l?i=.r.= .l.ilr=i-r.iii'.i'-=.i_'i_I

Fl. tl'iIriJ i:il' t|'itt 'iIi'i-diff-t}'ti 3liiLr1Ziil"i|.'i liitZ-"iri'5

ti.i1'iis I!-arriau. each type crl i.uis:.ial requires

-zlilltireil-t I-t'.iutIi.'t-;; and uix-Mi:'lir'I|.1tirl'ieI-. Be-

through the Strsi-1-:-l Piilalacca rind Sing.1.-.'i-ore

caiinei built cargo is so -ztrllizult to i:lis.i.'li:i-=-:3-r-.


t'.i.i'-iii-nrii. spend more time in port than nrhor

Etitiit i.-i:it1tl'- rear. -ucludiri l'i'i-iist tittilltli between Europe :i.-ii-d China. and nearly all trio
i.iiii-;lZ.ii oil that rn-mien from rh-ri F'it-r:ip.1in C5-iill

ships i"i slu-:.v of I'r1ii1i-1:i-ullitttirs lcund that it

to the brig illisiitn ecoriomies '-ltsr Cliina. Ja-

T-3l.|?$i. {H1-B19531}-S. 1'li|'i'||.'.li! iii -"|'li%l'l lll't1iE" [III |.iIl'|

pan and South Korea. There are about |.i2ilIliCl

!':iaid a ship as -'I does to |i:oid it.

vessels in port at .-iiriry cine timi.- vi.-.th anew

'..'lii.

Illa)--Fr; ".-_ti'.I

' _

rril|

lilt:-l

ad.

II. Iii;-'li

! lIl'_1rl

Ii-iiillli

vii-.sse-l orriving every 2-3 rritrtutes. iltb-:-ut

l3i.'J.ilIil'.l"CI -.-essr.-la riririy: in Singapore eacri

your .:i|onti_ according to not ii. Si ngaipo-roan


an-it ir-.1.-iriritioi-ial est-rrirites Ttiai tiiiealis
izlc-vin-i to about 'li:ri.ii s|'.rp'.t- entering the Strait
ovrrty rnirixitry

l'h-s Strait proindes the deep water passage

to this Port or! Su'ig:rpii'.irrt.i. one oil the live b-i.isi


est st-tarts viiorl-:hrrii;le.

|2.':'-.'i-:x'lr.-t are exchanged berth on I.sni_'.l and

on my-tt5ir_ either iitihile statseiriaiiy or i.inr_'.lr_rriiiii.'ly.'l|iri:iuol1i:in operation called ship-Icy


ship transfer

Piracy o_ri Cargo '_-.'e_seel~i

Tl'iEt'l| -iiiiiere l1'Ei pirate attacks reported in the

region in ititil-3. triple the ituintrer troriii 20-CIQ.


(Di.-rir this same p-ii-.iii:i-cl. risrriicl-:iii orlf the Horn
oil .i1ttir:.:t shr.:ir1L'lri.-im l'l}'.|'1o I3 :-His"l ol the
virt:ii1i:l's- aittltzl-is now '.a-'t:e pl no In the wotrtrs

oi-l indoriesra. S-ngaporii ant l-*.aIa'.-ea. Pi-

ratcs ols-oi.i1heini'L:.i:i are mainly in the t:e.iiti-

nessot stealing cargos ol bound luel

,_,t,.__.w:_M_ M ...,m.,

5 kn,

5.1

an |,.|.IturI.IL-

1'h-Ii-u-I-I--'m-Izurhu uni:-u|'1-rrnsn-w

2'-2|

E-'_|?5.1*_"'E|"_"!.!L'i| !'.l'

9" "I"

EAL-!'.|'_"_._."

'|'1l-Hill-Il'IIL'Il'Ii'|I:'l'bl'|'

Revealing the
Seaway Cede
lnternette-nelend_netIene|1eut: and Ieglelattune that preeilely reguletethe muzrulmentef veesefewtmln the dlerent
ltlietlleensgmrern the henrly nailehed Straits. Slmli-at to
land-based transport nehvetlre. eeltranepart ie eomprh-ed
ottrarlc eerridan. ptlmanr and re-aendanr Irellc lane.-t. enehceirrg zenn andden-ed rnaneuver Ienee.
vaeselshavethonborrytocmes hnmmnruonal uetem

witheut requesting pe-rrreel-an but I:-yenlifrepertingte the


we-.epe-ethre IJ.l1ih'|:|l'f: In erase national waters, hD|'lI|I'|"Il'.

-Ithl-rlIIeI.|ImIIIr
-IlIl'hl'I:|IIIl|I:-I1!
-t-IrIl'i4'IIIII:IHIaI'II

pennheelelt II mandatory.
This hlghhr planned and rnenltened tertltenr suppurte
pelitieal burden. and bnuntlmee that Interact with the

.5 'IaIrIiruetIIIh-Fll bd

presence eftheeeefeh-vraysanddedine Iheretatinnainha


between the ndghbomg eauhtrles.

neummultmuiu muttineregtlr
liurI|.binne-tuuuherlehinldled-utl'n
right-el-vnrlenuuerneahmheom
l.I1:.SIIl|hII'|.-'I|n1iI-IS-Itli ereulur|r:Ivideuzttu-saeeuenuerre-di-entiaraelhneelhel
f.eaiteteIheuuIniumerrdflnrwoterau-

luau-I-M-In

III-nelewnhevuitltnbunveurneef

line-gneltnle
ul

5tH}uGTend|h-anuuithelengthelcln
Intllbinlennhnediefdhw
nchthnd
f=e5rwr,It

':sam%.tmu.utn

Iraernlll-aruln:-nuuenemdurue-mid
ne uiueuut uunmdd
uuamm
leIeh|aaIhehm-deehhemIheeuH'ret-

ltIp'.Ih-Iveatnutml-I1I.tnn:Ii1'I1Ie--In|'on:nI:rr':IrIt

e-penegtmuirupeaeundudenenrnurut
elfrinryatel-ehreepe-alheeenmtry.

Th-:1:-uettzi-anal:-aurrIen.tI'--u-al-act

"feud-wBenu=|.hneetharnIknhI-jiirrtluie
H nhuue eneiheyemuhetpelvuln

in-up-uhle.|tIII-I'IIl:I1'III:.=beI1s' Ittuunlrnll-Id

md-nuleerulhdbarllirupaulwerutl-oral
etlvaritulevttttelttturnenel-enlenhr
Ier:g;.t|lh||einu'ne1'eIe':B-e.u.Iheueu:Jh
nlrnunutttrheeuttlctvtitlfueie tuilivu
en-u:1n1md.nI-dorhl-Jnstaoerittlrnuuh.

neu}

Illh
l

man!

'lHhIHI|ui'BI1' l'I '

21"!

-M%iIIII'

'
Tri'n:II1lFl__;____lJI'_ng' 1'nnee_

.An:har1In;|IenIIu=|.nu.n:hHeeItpukI.

hpeidharuu:r:k'n.nue.The:nd1nrhn'HI'n-r

em-u'nmurn-ent nlvehnthdrenp-Id

mlllhlu-|tftedirem uIIIhettem.TluIfIn

i:_u:.Ile:.iuedt:ynIJtEphi-Igd-|eueu-el'eun-

ruermsimqepuawewnhieuud:-ucl

utuiutlnee-Ihhapuiunhwml

udmwlmmetevtiuiheneh
Ilaihe-:ld1ele:Ifet'uIeeeIe|:er.eI:nr|.

min-m u enaemunuthuiueda

trunehhuetuwnirantlundnnb-face:-who

""""""

ntnwaryhetsveeswtirellerenleunntrile.

dlulqhlnlndep-IndIlImer1ne|-gu'I.

Thenrp-euuflnelwchueunberepwhd
tn-theet.IhnlIuie|lereh.uII.TIe~|ue|uIIu

rrulntleeemtureliehuiluelnnehetum

idilhnue
hpnnh
m
juulhiph
I:-mhnertilhhntiweloenuarth-denim
ThIre|'4:tI.In-::|wI'i'II:IIau1'III:1Ib-II":-Ilnr

nun-'-ntwuinunmrm.

T|'iI'|'nee-el~ethItuIemIIecepeemet|e=un-

elnintlrheltedirthrnurnllienllnulluivlnr

....g,.,.,.

{'H'1'|5]5eeten.IhIieel1ehHnueh5IrIy-

Veenhrruuieelnnumlnne -ndrqe|ed,|le.

ufdedintet-heeulTu*:liuh1'Intun:immm1

in'|b-IveIIt1H1d4:rueJ:I'.li|elIn'I.lrId

[:5 W

II-uleanlnnmmehezdhmnpiarlnuni

I'H1ql.AIpeIIInnet'uIuelewEI11:'Hl-|FIrt

Iy-atun.kneunu5TEhlTREF:.-ueedledep-ed

I,

;.

Tlni uhe-eeendi-hiq.Ig:unEl.'tIltI|rItl

pore-Itutetriterr-.ulat:t|I'n:Il:nr1-I|1p-rqriallirnu

"'"""'

Ieduttuuidtluihn-v:nIpI1:nI'-.I 1inln

eh-.d.ued-in-Tl-ti3ZIterI|._Fu'eeu'ehnud

-.':..t

Shppeteuetliut-Eueyeqewuilerulr

pnnuueuyu-.nutrIlI5uetu.1tuqnnmmu
dwelepeettoprerltmelefenldnlpnien.

luptnllilnihildtblr

cnmeuneunumalmueunemeu

the-ntanecltnieputuulruri-at

Iieeliult.-:|IlIuI'etclhIrp:unillIhn'ItI.

mrrlauralpeepieenbelldentltllnrenr

ei1I:I+afhenrdetI':InbubdnIIInter|rIn-tfse

ueieeenidur.

neniuhuf ur us-iinnw

oompH1ed\IhtJ1II.Iee:fliu\"I'I:7-ivelern.

Ithhwmernedntrum
eudvumirnu,

wh|IInilehumIlu1IIdhrd'nFne:lnrHneIit1

Eu-Illa.
'Iimd|1niheeu-elhbelrnd-edtI!1IeI'

enhunevdeelucotu-ulelenl-Itinnthe-pert
I:et|dplh|u'tthelhepIet.THeIe.|aurumn

nlemutlasteeeuuinetlletrnc rnnu
5h:i.IBnaHn-eminenpraurinnudurht
vent-etlluie-I-tilheieuuauitiltinu-uuiuul

1uuhe!Em:ndeheuIue:eqr.iItdte:nnew-taelheiruni-Ilenrimnmeu-rive
11:HIrII:-Ilure_-I'rhIll':ieI1:Ieppr-aeclirlu

deeii-opaI'theII'ntp.eeIocrIlpiIeh|tIfu-nliIr'nihmueIhd.euuI-alnthre-inruilh
dithulfi lr urleeflwunicuhlim-9

aumtheinmplfuhqituirngmedlue

|m.Iurgemhauuu-enquhultenatity

y$g

Buanlnerlrnnuidiuiplrueeuvur-nell rhr

tlwerurreraetelndemeie-wall-ninerdeuwn

"Ni-'3"""'"5"-'*5"""|1'"l.'3"'|l'

:lIaII!-Irelernntueeinnetueenrpneliiwu-at
uullcuulnhe-deeimm-twin.

al nrnuhwruueuidlbenerwhhl

e$eumr.UIun|unnIinnlua:n1Ia-.nernen-

puietieeelntuvrputllhntersnruttunll

ena-1r-rrer-uu.r-en.

-E-!F'!'|".-'.*!".'.'..|"."!|!"It'

5" "'I"""

'|"tIIl-Ie-I-Mrrellr-Ir't.|I'III-I-I-tie-I1

Sea

Traffic
see traffic is regulated In a eembirratlen ef laws elmiler te

lend-has-ed trele late: and Inlermel. user-made rulea. Berna

pilanee te this eerriti-ined rule syeterne and a set of strict


time grids. guide the cempleir trele through the Strait.
t-rem M:-lee-camerr eepertarrher: ploughing mile: after

mile: of endleeelalue frern pert te port to the smelter mere


eglle inderiesten penehunge btizzlrrg around them. the varietv pf us-ereend purpeeee leendleee. Ouretudr tecueed on
three case studies in erder te-get an everall picture ef how

these actors form the temitery.

Ahleerrter he-l

eeeeeirrgrhenvn

&I

Therrlptreeeelheeetwrtyefepeeeu-rqer
vI-el.3:uedi1'I'I'eFlIr$i1g.epnre.anDI:rpbet 2014. It ieueedlerpilett:-eerdlng
ertdttzrbrirtgcme-uu1'utnb-eret:-eettendtaneth
from the enehered ehlpe te lrn-migretle-n
umrret..Tt'rtn-eneir-rpuienntp-ermiredta
ereeenetienenr-er-de-re.

H
!l

F-HF!"

3"

!I1.EI&'

"l'|".|||'-'""*"'Tl"'|'

1"

.j__
|n1I'ieuui.uIel'Itele:erriererrhi_rglrnirr

1'IIlel:P\t3~terlIrleem|..hlru.eRerleIi'rq:|I'

.ltlt:IrIeIei'tlrIglt1'aeIeel-lerqexuereehr

penrumduetulendunutdwiduw

tteereremiredrrvan-__de1eeu-urerertiesrretr.
eheu~ateeuu_:.ertIet5uuretee_rrId_eer-

untnedlnuIr:eeie~geerJrmerIg.Ir:|'rrt-oeir-gee
ehrrwuirmuiuuleuemheledhvehell

ebi.thI-eeeIeIrnprIedIFieilIriler1gt.er-

ttrrinrpph--reeeethttietreettT.lu|ttl|:ph

b-IlpIreeerIiIrLirgttIeevenIteeuIrdeht|1.

ingnueeeenmieinlnduulhemre
peetttrh.

:e1u.ti-meted-turner:-he-tnnueauiuhe

er-I-I-ileru hmn Itidrn-it


lrerh

ll-Hr1r_r.'Iln'r

Illrrl-II

F""'I"""

35

ML-!!'.|'_"!."

A Barge-Fccuaed
Tranepcrt Landscape
ThevrerdtreflIc cernes frem at U-ld Italian weird rneenlng.

ecnelearrdcenrrnen interest. This ieriectlr relsterdtc

tethe eentimlnreif Imguegrr. The Ilgns cf eterrttery de-

erchestreted elfertefthe preuteue decsedeste cultiultee

trer:|e'. Centuries later. the husystrelt iss vlererit testimernr

velepedereund thetrsnspert cf goods dominate tiursena:

mrerlable Irrtreetruetrxe. the density pf freight-reletedves


sel.-. cressalngthe Strelt. and the revenue generated from
ehlpp-lng.CInarrcthernetei.trenspertetpeop|ebeseels
cclnprretlue-lur miner aid censtrdrred tee rnuch smelter

queetriens cf pcllticelend eennereigrr ccrrteirt es we-ll eethe

seeerelgn ldentitvfor Shgepere. trrternetienat egreerrrerrts

hither prernetethe ease cfexchengeet goods tiethe disadirentege ct einchmge


' ef people.

l
lii

tii

Ill-|'IIlHl'l'H'I*HII

T$%FHIIXiI|'

E1l ..3_'|2iIBi!9l

Tnrlev..1iIeceest:efEt'nE-ere lellrredwlth

I:-lrthedIn'-mledlerthenr-eerlrIg:IeIr\nu

vesselundetherlcreirttrsrteperhrlrleiat
l3hnele|:rnentptens|eemti'ieh-uIdlirgIu-

Iirnrltiulefsllrieerul
reintlr-Hndl
llreuhaeindiurereraueeee-euturtsrl
Isms-gin.

PeuerigerterryteIn1euh.,te:te~Ie'u'.rerrt|inFInIlnrn.|rI'IbIrIndslurrl'I:Int|5'evutdItedinlr-rlred:rI.rr:tI.irIerherteerrr1:eredte+'ihI

iwuertms-ururdtennuinpeuiicveteuue
terrrriiele.

""|"'|'|"'-'""|'*"'"-"3-I""'|I'

'1'

I-'|'h5lIiTl-ii -:-I er-Her;

E-re is-.-:-zm

J!

are |.J-t\-rruI--

vuellhrplh-I' '.'.-rr-nip-all

l'II|I.II|| Ind rrellrra

E-1'?!

I|'IlVlI1|u-II-'-I'll II" '.'''I


5-n-u.Ip-eller 5I.l'.l

Thu E-ire Is Arr.v*e- ulhr-I mru:-1'

is

'|"tII-1-II-Ielirrei-Ir't.|r$'|I'-rip-Iv

-!"!F.'!!"'F.!"'.".'.."".'f'!!"!l'

The Port

[and the} City


The knnenticnet the standardized carge container inthe

mitrl-19503 raclkraily tnmsfennedtire space and tlrnee-fpen


cities. 't'nhat wasencea vilerarrt. rnultilhvguzalemrircnnrentef
seeierers. fisherrrien. dcchers. sailor here. eplr-euses and
brcthels lsnewsubstituted Iwuast anenymeustractsscf lend
necessary lcr thesterage andstcrlng cf the-ccntainers.

As autcmatlzaden and maarlmal efclency penetrated


the very cere cl rnarttlrne tredlngthe old waterircrrt criture

was rendered elesclete and faded radLrall-r.Tl1lscharr-pe

ji
ll
lilh
C-FE l5fl'II-EIIFFI

haclagreet irnpacten thereteticntethe city. Time witnessed theportcltyreuehe intc twestrongh- independent
entitles: the port and the city.

l'i.1!IIl

lam-.e

1-HPDIZIIJ

Rani

..
I-rum eueeiingpeuler the British Eeettncis
Ciernpln-(cleutetwc-cIrIturieisIue.thI

partalhwgqr-usehseeerclveduehuerir-rig
cuter EQDOE centeinersn-er dl1i.ln2D1'l',th-e

Ieeeecinthecitvtermhsie-e:plree.Tl-net:-ert
thlitpllre-de nllrcln lnt:rsnr:lerrrIirI|:|$iI-

garnet-eretheuicceeetniietsndnetierrttis

te-dntinllnt-eI'rIInetvrerr:|r:In-Tusn.'|'hievriI

lreewstlrfreurt landclcsetiethecitwrtcbe

rig-ritnerlsierrecerrlrr-Iretrletctlrssialcfttre

eeeeteneci.

't|'t"-

This metre end hsther diet-e-cietlen Ire-rn

thecaity rrrarE'.lne!t:avgl1:rbe.|lrrt-ir'r-cl-r:I|:-r'.nrI.r'r.

leeccrnlng everrnere sI..rt-enemeus. As the


pert: ceeeeste l:-es cenrrsiiturin the r:'t5r.t.he
clwpuiusl In-my lrnm it. lnlers-tr-ver.eI Ihipl
trsnetenrn inte eup-erehine, the part l'rBr..tt'tetes rncre spice and |nlrsstri.IrrII.H~s-. chain-

Theeee':hIn|:Is'riIl-rip-clitlceldecislaerrs

'nI'h.i-r:h Irrtnelaiti i.r'rt-n-I-errit-r:Iiil rrrrlrr-ifItI1:lt:i:rrII

enderereectedl-nthe plsnninuprc-ceeect
theLlrbenl!edeveis1rrrnrn1A1ehcrttylntlue

Ihninr HIn2lJ1l:IheerI-eeirengratedtaerth
newemann-turicrienetzeneinm-eul.rteldI1s

attheeiry.

"'3.
.

:-_.-

F.'
II:

I |u_.--lp-ri. n'i|-r"p-'-E
.'-.J:
l.aJ L -

:1

Ti Ti 3 fit

'3 '1 :'. it

a.4.a_a.g.

I-J

Tl1nF~cIteISin:npnre.er1eclttre -mubtrrin-n
perireinurewertrl, issnteie-rtransstiinrnertt
hulJ..tlse-eicrfl bigglltlsterhnrlrrg hrl:.Ind
renlrsirrhereplleepaeiuenehwrsrrnect

Iilelueit:-nIr'lt:.Ir'p:. llreIr1'Ir:runt-cfwcllifrnlue

hudecree.sedh1r5i.'i..
'I'.hiI.duphtiunn-ii-nIur'lerI.. Idiru-I:l:r'-e:r.Ilt
e:lsut-e-rrretiuenendrs-i:tinn-lieglce1edvancemurtrelletssthslhiftir-greletieneltlupert

re rrtreeit-g-. Thsreleri-enei-up berueenttre pet-r


In-dthecirgrisew-rmersdlrniriiIl'-end

Alva-.-er- ts

He'll-IIFHIII-H.-t .|.I-It

Inlelrllll.
tlrlrlllll-IJI.T|rriengl'IgeI

'I'eI-Inel

It'|=nIrf-

-'-tlIrI'il.|'I-rirrr-rt-riI|'IeII
Tlrrreieln--rt-Irnlep-ed

-.1 -. 1-.
1.-u.-u
-u.-u-u

cerItI'e1erir:edtreieheI1rrled.'t'et.eibeiten
inueneeueftmihwr-urnruerturpuulunliw

iI-heeII-Id1I-lea-elllgee-arII.'|Ital

I I-I-Ir -n-In-In -I-r-I-I -DI I I In-in-I -r-inn -I-I-In I I!-Ir

-.-.r-

,.:

..

.
._ . _. -

. ..
1

-_|.3t1IlrI-l:_tgre-i:rtliIr'Ir_r-I;-Jr

E-ell-eg-err

J1

19.55

lII-al.|rl:Iarjr_le-I-

1'tIIi-eel-Mn-wt-er't.|rIeI lrrnre-Iv

Eiiirl!
CE.-Ire-etrr-rmalr
- Inttusrlalpu-In

ll:-Id-rltei onrl

rnhaerl-ate:--nesaarud
u-delua lure-iar the twelve

pmhi

l.I'r|lIl|lI3I'.'Ie

_,...

'9

H"

Exrien-dine screen
l-EDIE! llfre

Ttltidl Hl l lllll
|IHl,|!'|'
|l-C|D- *'|'lIl2h

it-It

Fteessr from the -uetsrirent


lee-:u -Ill-E-I

._

li-

'

l"'._
1|

1-

'

Find-oerelnprrr-Into-Hltte teIInr|'r-out
ETD: - MIDI

'

-9-_Bretdine

its a result of evolution and changes in


rrtsrihtrne trade Itan-ding functions. tend|'rtar'rt'rrnI- ittterrehtirmrahipe have shaped the

pert-cit-r interface and directhr rrnpected


the waterfront det-sleprrl-entet cities. The
earl-.r Featured sic-as spatial and tum-ctienal

association with the cats. In their stferrs to

rtr:-r::oa'rtn1e-r:la-to nil-rortirtg and uenteireer terr-

nlirreh. lune-Icele certtemperertr pert: have


increased cede-cittr. atthe er-rue-n-ee el uncen-

In:

..

ite-

E_tM*'I_ra_|."9_r1s

Flttaergh an errtenshru land rue-r:l.It'ialir:rn pr-or


esaa. thecierel Singer:-ere hssendrseen-

tirttievtrstr snrpanding its up-o-rt rntresaructure


rewards the see. Once directly ecn-neeI.ed

to the l:r-uetiing city centre. lie-pp-el l-lerl:H:Iur

I't-iII:Il-HI-Ibtl-ml-DI-tad in taveta e*l'-reesrnens


remote and secluded from the lien: and en-

sr the dry.

Eeenornic I:-enets end tiscel preisctierct


ere |:limar1r r:-unnlrnl in thl futlurn develop-rnent pies-ning strsregrsset Singapore:
neighbors. Beth Malaysia and Indonesia are
eenliructirhg and er;1:-ending Iuristrng port
facilities around the Strait. As a mayor interrra-cnei paesege fer rnaritime handling. this
IE-ir.d-ornetsrr tirid-I strait oltro-cu the interest

-at gictrei rneritinte intreetrnerrtt.

5?""""."F.'.'W ""?"."'i.t'

7T|I'KII|I1t#III'U|'T-1l"1'HI|I'

it-t.U.rttraitsI1i'.eesbu|r-I

M rlt: -.sr1-I:-I. s:I.I-chvinq n 1-eeiterrit-r:ri1I


eeernsto re-euro s diferenr e.|:-ore-eclt than
the study" ca Intel-blend tie-rrilnriu. Out in-

eeietigati-en re-truled ti-r.et1Jee en-r:abr.tl.Iry to:


tieseribe the Strait 'sl sirrdar to these larmear
tcl lII'tt:l-hlrill -thcIt'rt'.l'Iti't:trt:I.

sr esl
- I--1

npr.rr.ure.mua+ tam-paun

- 1'i'|'I'I:5

In-r'|'h

I! ttnrheregn

Cl-rleoerthrr

Q. N-rIhearv:|ne

F TfI'I|:

lI'"l

&1II:|.rnn

r ___J:"r
-D
15
3-I1'tIr

N
_--T

l'|rr1I-trell
|I'l|

l.It|'I-'IIr:_rure er -'-Irrnerg

5-elephe-I1

15'

lines Url:larIre'I

IlIr1arn-:lI.l'-IE-Ire

I-3

. '.

en an

the Sea

-ll?

'

Fereign trisiters, migrants, seamen, stevederes, deckwcrkers, |eng

shera-men: all vivid. multicultural individuals that transformed the im-

age ef perts inte a certclensed small piece cf the werld. The pert city

was a cenclensed urban rnanifestatien cf glebaii:-ted cennectiens. Te-

day. as relationships between perts and cities are steadily fading, and
machines replace decitwerlters. what is left ef this thaiassic werid?

Which pepulatiens stiii interact with this saltwater werid and what re-

mains ef their ccnnecticn tn the city?

-' - '
-]

'

...

'

FE
-.

E'.'t511L|I.iE*!r.!

' ..

..

'

- -ai--m
I

i'l *I'I'D-"I

79:7
o

-as

,5.
en-1.?

burner.--at-.ruu-In-ner-

3-urn-err .te.io re-.t

'
_

'

All-e1.-.|.i.r;-hqt:t-.a

_ _" _
_ ''

'

|.?H_n!itr.==! Fienrine

'
_

'_

I--th-'itr:i-urr -:-I er-arr;

E-I-I U-'l:|l|'I-It"

E-II FEW!

|i'|il-ail!-iillhl-Eu!-iti

15

People in

Flettriin-g Pep-iitatient
2 Earp-u I-hue
- firth-rs

Metien

- Tug he-all

After an analysis at the vessel traffic within the Strait. the

rieitt step waste understand the principal peeulatiens that

rne-re are-und this territory. These transient pepiiiatiens

ll

GE?! $l!rrIlI'e

HI'I

-ill 1'11:-eree-L-III

H'H

illllll

J'!U|:| .t.-en-*. Fl

IT

li'i'I.
:"lt't1|:-I-et:e-re

I51 Ipl:e-ts-Ital

I195:-l'II.tIt'iI.

H
I-'l.|:I-II-o-rte

Planet.-rer.sil

H
.:B-1iI p-IrIo.rrII

1'.r 5'!
'.l?i pqpreernti

ell-

Et_u_tt.i_r:1F_'r=J=:u|=Iia.n_=

through or torn perarily :ir1i:l'ieirir.-i:l within the

i:ii ts-tech ship

These ahicwsr-it tanli-er tie-seats and serge

carriets rrialte up 5395: of thin E-rllil-i:I-tiled pupr

Lrrriita et the Strait. from seafarers. in terry

uistien. The large site at their ships. com-

passengers, cruise ship passengers, ti: warli-

pared to the small nLrml:ie-r ed crew. mearis


that litre in extremely li:i-ttr density r;i:rri-diiii-ens.

nra pi-etitdingln-rti.1-te-s.en sit-ririeiris,

'i'iI'het dr1-tinguish-es thee-e urptrpsts the

cre-iityei eeciinency This cull: cl pepulatien


"ts ali.e'.s'fs present but is in it i:cii'i1.rn.ueii.is fieiw.

s.-1ih:ii'ir:i try Ihe minute with the entry and eiiir

Iii.

e":e

'4 ga-

41...t

1
H
a

-f.'.-15 pus-rI.ua1sl

They are passengers eheerd t-assert cret-sin-g

ill atten I1 Te-t.Ii

ts-ii.

ride up ens:-t-i

Passenger silt:-pie '|tI'tH'I hi-ah-r:r densities err.-

feitit-r in number and have illttlrilf circulation

frei:ii.iuri-pie-t.1l1i'i:iugh1h-o Strait.

I '-'-rrhtc-1

. flout.-I-stall
1' I-F-LII urldlltltlri
* I spit r-t:h-st-ed

J51.

5'3-ill! s-trs-:-ria

- II|I|'tgl bu-IH.

-.

'5~.'H p-arenas.

.'

i ik

ferent treeuency patterns.

ill-is-:ti-i:-ei-tr:-.!a2i

HI

-ti.

next destination. This tlyr'iarnic wertrf-arcs circulates en dif-

1| eer reap."-u rat -5-.-

i;|'!'?-'.| p-I-I-urrei

iii

temporarily eceur:-y the space hefere rneiring ante their

- '. lI'..lI.II tit.i:1: 't.IIara.iIh

gal"!

-I-!.?!!"".-I1-|".'.'..""."!"!"Il'

5"""I"""

"5

*""""""""5"'|

|'iI.hluIII-|nM
II:iu'I-I.
'

'7

|'Il:III-I'll-If-lI|;|II-I-|r1hI
PCPIHWII.
=In|I'Il-I|'.I:-III-

!-?F!'!'|'E*:|'.'.'l'l..'|"."!"!.t'

er

5" "WW

HII'IIrhd|.hI-I-Io

rel

Workers
at Sea
Two basic groups comprise the biggest portion of trroriters
at sea-. lo-cal sailors and deepasea rrrariners. The First are
oortltaotend employees wit-o stil out for a coup-ie of weeits
at a time froth a grtren port. The latter are hired for one or
more voyages that etttertd Tor setrerd months at a tithe.
Uvinpoh themargirts of society. professional mariners
are the transient population par ettoelienoe. They travel

irorrt port to port wititout etrer resting at one port for any
more than :1 four days. which is thetithe necessary for their
vessel to be Ioededfuniesded or repaired. 't'lI'ith the quick
ttrnaround ol rnodern ships. spenditg only a rnotter of
hours In port. a seafarers free time ashore is drastically
limited. Eittoettshore, seafarers seek the piettsurett they are
-deprived oi on board.

-r ..-u..
r|IIi.'1Ii|rrr|-_I',

=.i':m;r;i__t;;'t's . . _.r[tI
-

_
_; __ ~i-- - -

1-'~t--e-1-'-:-e~'-.'T-

Et
Fll lfl-r

Ehitlien per year


tieeeet--Inrrhuulueeelti

Pt:tt1'|C'.III-t

13D"|E.'Cl p-u'yIttIt'

It-ett-Itt'It.nft;tr

2'CIBt'||'tt;tn5rGpt]I.

5iI1oIt-I:-II:

i!7'KdGDPi

It-u-mt-past-tp-. tsaerssoo
E l -3
Hidim

!_H_w_r_I_in_$|_-'str.s2's

1rest.i1.rtt:thor.n'ttnt:I-I tntoeit room. while


waiting for the plane. I don't want to 1riI|l!5il'tgapore. we too rhudt sheet for me.

N34.

%'

]_ !

'l'hevcor1r.rtinert-hip-it-t-ttoe-tIir'It}ri5|lttnoer.
Ihatreertetttdttteepert-tih-|t~e;Ivcllrne-It
It:rt'|'tBi't'ildIll1dI'tI'e&ILil1.'

I'_t.eri.r!.'1P9rt't|.rtieIt

Site tortures me but I oemetlrfttruewltheut


her. werethe we-rdsttt eh Itdoheh'eneieep-

eeentamittuer when l'-ehii't !i:rI'tiI-'l'e)I'r'tt!'. the

en. Settlnrln it-three plttiettlar relltiottlo


boththn-I-Ittrtdti-intend. Tttulyoouldlnre
for the-ntl-teats lime irreitite-rorte. hated
eniobe-raiiabltyendttrereqtseetotti-te

rrr-trial. btethuistrriuiwtryl temporary.

m
1teuiue-emhereatthesinigpperehtume
Clatt r ripheatoberepllre-dbettsueeof
e problem ofthe navigation equiprttet-tt.5-o

Iutl-:I-d my"-ndfl lioflyttafrurttitlleln-p'nf-or-H.


d-eye.WIwt*Itri1li:1]'Ie:=tt'y.

Their relation to-the rtityilol thuemeoulh


it'y.lHl'1erI1heylr'ri'tItir1 port. they only hotel
stew hours-toep-I-nditttire reep-t.-olive oityt

Theytmdsestt-uegize lh|ir1J'I'Ite.Int:|'.'1rt:Eng
t-ontrod: shopping Bor:-uppliet. r=su'np.rrod

It:tt:'nI'ln'rtq. Siphtlnirtq and t-t:tut"n.t'n.IrI uaon-dlry.

E':i!E|_a'i3!-lii|_'iLtE!|1.tEe_-'3'-_l.l.t

I-'lnrlrte$or.IhPiIr it-eterrttirreiiorlotrnstl

Itiddey-trittp-trstotiutotlthlrnilllrtdeerrd
epri-asipel ihmiqrattart Intry pa-intfpr neiaten. Aterteeolshippin-psprt-n-ole; irto1ttding

oily oehter. .l'-itititttt-rapt the Pier it an trttptt-tutu

PI-'|'iI1lf'I1iI'||1!''3t'.Ill'HIT.!t'||lll:|I
t.It'td-rtlelvoo-ed land seperete it from the what

fiztrtrt.

wort

llllet-iullhd
tllrl

outotItl.arin|5ounhFletettdprou|ti'-e their

U'Il'|'EIl'l'III|- 'Fi 'l'l

etpply u:t1rit:tn| lpth-eehipe nn:hnn-t:l ntlhn

aheheraqezorustteerby.

I-Ieltrurltltreithute
annul-

Merino $ot.rthP'itrrar-d westI3oet:tF'ier


nrIthIon|ytvA-o|Ir-dirropoir1tslorieoferursutatateeetainuteditaput Theretone
tit-eyerelMeoleqetewlyeto1Indforseofzlrltalriing Iodi.Ien'tl:tlrk!rt:trIt II'I.I.l'\Il:HDl'r

sue:one.Theyaittoieaue Landirt-u Pauett


fersuflroravritowulttopuminrtdltutuo

ntoeredinposwldteutottuerrneiearenee.
Tlr-eFiIrft.Irrot'I:nII:utn'rt'I1p:ot1elor
uefarer*utIhohetIIeit'itetreo-Ir'r!J'ydiIIro-

hutedmdertenillhgtohetriup-ertndta
titeoityor Ie-eilarers ttreitintttoertsb-srir. The

Pcieris-Itvorttteotn-dtottre-rt-'itybyrrtetert:-ttdl-eto
pubiiottut-Irnee. tat-tie-rprit-ate trenepotteItinrt. ll tllllllidflnr lhu Tat-t}t:|'t-g Pigttr 'I'e:r-

ntutel, but iltatrhewhe-t dislocated Item the

The above map shows the footprint -pl a seeflour in the city oi Eirrorrporointheforrtrorf

the oieit trtap ed 5i-l'i1.rt!l ieeue-d by the

Iilltlt, Port Authority of 5-:'n-pipe-re Hid Singapore lhlnrirr-tr: Club. The map oorttnir-tn only

part at the city. centered in Chinatown-

'!"_'t'!'!".L"F.'.'.'i'i."i"L!".'l'

5"""|""

%r_

HIl1IlIII |IIIH

4l_ _

zmwx

".*_.

or

......

...........

_. 1

./ 1 *~.-.

[4

an.

.i

IXKI

steel

it:rraI:eit!!j1_tha_tJt

5h-urIiI~|treforloIiIrIreiInrIr'rnend|rd-

ineeprecaunimeshquportoutituie

pt:-It-9.|*Ilenveiortrttertt.. In-or.trityoo-tttxoisatt-d

eutzermdqu-meetnnbeeemunennten
aeruItirtotte.Ti-teoperationhe-jt-ttItefere'tlte-r

restart the tlniunrttt-tl -noitorirnp tton-tr.


%l

CIt'ir:rI|tt-ttho-to-dmnitrtntiwettiotrdfitt-Irr

It-eerdntteuemtteouereipeuperuettd
tiit-nee-utrt-trtrtlrt-oltlrpelt-ooh.
.h.II'elt_|:rIHtrr|t'I::-III-Iltt

trhlh

eieheiihqptuorlaia-no'pua{orlyi'ot

thoeonhulntaertdtoienuuunurrtryenc:
titers].

i
_

-ounrrtll-III:-o"rrt'Jtb

!!.iiit!=.tIi'.|!lb'it.'LlEi:i|

In

Duitnltuioedinmtltioetirtnolthe rit.
ottlraolliolrelrtlreutplrltitnoaetlronbuorvd
toeuperviret!tIepet'atiott.'l1'uulot1e.hteut

ofthrerett't.rt-truly-dinerttlslrits.

suararuuetnuiaetuegaerdtaruneaeeitutn

eeeeeeltettortellrth-trttlriurttti-teenelte-red
ehitt.1lr'nheI|t-emurtrit-utIrner1ner.'l' |:ererrt-Irirteequtoyittoeeboredohttilh
teshlp
operator.
Ihpeselrt-uertlaaelbritusthesleflrerl

llpitorItoe'rIherer.uherethey|reuitrrtittedtoottrttorrtloleurerto-Iertdtoeurity

duds.

532.;

After hnfiturlurl-dthe irtrniurllion prooen.thIyIretrlrtIpot'te-dlotheitttalpoti

IIu-it-tet-'aC:dt(.?Jttt3i.Ttuieu-i-taPt:u-tA.u-

tI'tority.th|ehi:pirtuonrru:ehyortiteehip-

pitplp-ttortttrrtrttntr-unpertutirtrtuttile
I-elivetafrot-rtartdtethetl.

E'|ttrtre.uIi*ro5irl..se Ir~Ir'IiitItrItiI-I-olt-oiaoel
toeithltrbooiteroortt. perteitl-irtlitefrl-e

Iid'IiIidhIIt:|-|i
hI't:N'H-Idb'flhi'C1t.I:i
til-glreeaipitta-lei-t9.ntontltlye-tverttaior
miuhttuuu-ritrqomuitietuittngtnha
tret'telerredtoIEI'Ittt;lit'rterttat:iortdAit-pert
lnrropltzrllltlott.

Ill Illli
illl

Tourists

at Sea
Passenger cruising sertrioes were first lrttrodr.toed in 134141.
but be-oarrte widely popular in the 19505 aitu large passen-

geriets rendered ocean liners obsolete. Doeit-going ships


b-eoertte orulse liners. after the luxuy 'orte-class cruising
oonoept. l-l-plunger usedasapraotlcal rrteans oftrensport.
orulse Tuners trrereeniy for ptettstrro Wtai .where the

shlp's arttenltitmdesthatluons. and the voyage el beoarne

ptrt ot the pleasurable ettperiertoe. Cruise operators have

been oonsttuttly Introducing rtettrarrtertities onbottrttl and

et.tgrrtentirtt1:l'te1.Iol+.t1te of their shits. tmtsfortttirtg them

into olty-sized oatitg hotels.


Cttisellrtesare unique in character fortheyerepertiy in
ttretrattsportatton business. ertdp-artiy in theleisureehten

ttktm-srttbttt-.lt'tess.Ct1.t-ise ships carry artyyrheretrorn 5OIDto


6.i'.'iOCi pttssengersand art drnost equal arttuunt of orettr.

Shggg.-Ctttite vi; Ftetrenue

PIeeert|;teI'e:

lilltertpe-ryceer

Portals:

35-tiipetyeat

ll'etrertt.refor
Ehwpere

I.EBltIlott5Gbperyeet

|'l!-rrIr'IrrrIoItIu|'Ir'trr=

H~5"l'0Ei5-GD

mmr

Sit-npap-ete'|1-nvavtsvorttlttetetrt-ir:ehLMerittaEe:.r
Crutucntueutd atgrencruieecemre
prepltioleoetlomdtehhttrneythtiee

ereeeatpertantloeeohbeyttrel. To-eooe-re

ntl-hurhetnfreuaeoniee-pone:-tentltlieh
pe:t:tent:erepreryear.Et:-Ielririuideunlne-e-

$oeeheert.ltIie.itttltelettd-tee-deettesbr

eorrteepoptlardettirtetionfertotttiutelnd

Itrltnrrtoruso-lsacIt&'t|;p:hi:lt't:ti\prt. From
IliutrneIett'teIll-..I:IlZItllietsdeeHrttIetteele.
IlIreoiorI'nrirrhitr-oorrtreetr'rr:tt;I.il:.n*e=t

Frothrriietp-erteltleeItlu5lrtaepere,I.u|le
Ltrropur.er'rdEertnl=olt.totirrtrIiztr'nutrillI<:|ee

andlnetenttentpleeentpeasu-e,ti'teueeie
Iltttttdlrrtln t:r.rltI.trIl ertdneturlsl idttetotrle
'I.t'etttt-epeea-trtaeroteorttieelinerttionly
luuulhuopputhntrrylnltinbmllgdinttue

olaltltitaietreryetop-lelirnltedtolrnere

ouplIolhor.HIeterrtrr:|eIr.lrutieI1-.

Slttnepereeloneettraetealotatelmtttre

thutlhlnterttaliorreloruiseeltlpeplrrler.
ttprerl-tied by1t'.|en'-nllnee. n-Heir-tqebeu.
rltIlIt:rttrtoIl|tu.Tl'tetIIett'rt-I.ioritt-o\'thet:-eeri-

Irtiulr-to Iromertiepettittutovterdei-hleyiie.

I'll-1|-Il

Caerttreiaeap-ebleerfattre-emrnedetlnutite
,.n

:Ii'l1.n.
..-1..."...
..Ir!I-

3'1"
Hide-III,_:","E
'''''''n' I
In t-I
M I
D *7

DIIII-It '::

lu:peetbeetIritqtorulIe|itet1lneet'uleete

d-n'qr1pl'theht.tt'ldirt-n Irtitentllatrar-benu-cl.
aatherrultterttrertoeendtthetenrotmdflpor
thetert-nltelorterteedetetalteehelevater
Iltornthelnterlor eltheeerpetltanduoertd

dey.Deep-nutereandttbeelstonoeplhuitt
rerlriotlunlpro-ti-dealer-netttrhlnubetln

tetherrtuirtlobby.

pettoetmerieruolfesterde-tthirtoartdleeeer

entlt.erlrit'mtl-teeruleeehiptlllleluinqa-the

The'lrtrniurItiertpr'o-t:e=teitveryetreartt-

n-Irtl-trrthllertpelttretrt-ale-tlt'rertteettn'ou

IirtedertdpIeeertuerttmIroutd{e'e'toe-rlit-

wei euI'InI.rep.Irtl1esIoftl'rem.'-olino

torrrIlr1el}?nIt:r:Irti3-Eln'rinr.tt-in-Thetorntir-tel
i:dniu.nedtehrtt'r:IettIo3.'ElUI-persort
cruise ships oortrturrlrtly birthed -rrlth I tot||t:lrrvouv|}hputont13.'Cip-Ittnt-Irtulre

trouIreoo.promoteeIl'rei'r|Irirre:u'e.

Enrrhql

ll.

tetlteryolthe-elty.Hertee,peeeehoetsnteIt
eheutrelyehtheeeeclturetee-nefleredby
thetnhetiterit erd-erteui-attthecity. The

'I'r'ititttre:r:n.riIeIltipb-erthtertdqtaI:iotnnter1rtit1ttlendoIrperitItIee,thelIciityreaantbtenan'rod-errltzit-y:itpcu'LLine
mattynauuu-reiupeu1a.it'n:'tunteeunthupe~

Ieertltteurltlillirlleedtn

ihttlelnerclueeettantee

up-tthuetlt-an-p

Iheeennnteleutpdtletceu

ihlIl'\'C'l'IH-I-CIIIl1'I'e

j~Ir.l'tdt|-ele

bE&E!'LElEl'

Fl ii"

5''

Illlillltl

ihlrlllllll

-Inlnnlh

e-e-an

Illtht-t-nu-he

1'nt~:httt.b:%

ltledhtbertttthteetlrtr-t:tee'lltIIr'ntl
Iborltlfhurefypiolltylvenelmhee

ntI.Ittt.IiI:twttt.ht

GnI'IeIhlp-plnetrnerehevelirtiedloeen
trwlteolttt-hdreoeeeofbtpep-erI;.tlterrtIp

ereuteeettttolrirriteeuytu-rrtit-oirrrtl

dunetttorrerlrt'uetsthepnuenpuseitt-

rthoioeteeteiretntltertteyurbbwemitu

nt::tIttesttttfrrtrrr't3rotrrtIFItrttIr:trlrttzlr-e

depIttIerot.I'tdEprh.Pn|ehnI'IlItre_the

bletltl-d.Tl'toeetultodeeldet;uetrlIltti'tIeit'
heeetheettttrorttlrittrteprlititetelttntit-Iol
thtetnpeepoeedbyttteteqteotieeertlae
Irretttltprntrtrlrtlle-ttruIttltetltr:rr.trer:'I'thIoi::r

b'rl:neIt_::It.'I\'itlte=:lttretiott'lbot.I:5It-trt.I1.

mqyuee-eyudton-iteheuuuppya.
gerlelhorteteurletettreotiottlothenln.

ueetusuutuukuueuwpphtee-nrre

Ie|I.o!thettrtiu|1lhe;.t;It-eleueotli-tItetrlel't
thenrttetlutirutrernuutloruteu-due!
Illtt-eeldunttpetittittteeltottrhtt.

!H.'E;!ES'

IeIt_'It'e|ttretttI'ltHIel7hoeteBte_..Ittd_

E-Ir.

|''''''''''W''''

13

511.2355

|'''''''W'""'

13'

tlsIt.|ttI.Egtt

|ntn|1-eloegepttouhtltttt-teellrqslrltllr

ril-otstlterenrdltleriuttttilellliettei
_
nu-e-within -nnlltituttintatut-ttrortrtrtttttortttr.

tttttttutreuettttw-tutti--titre-unr-t-rruurtttt.-:3:-r
theoterheeosttdo-ttletltorrtsouettlrtp
qntgemdp h nu e

Helttttrhnranidoslt-tr'etotttioeto'Ihe

eiir.tt-rtrliroutatn:Iutt-erritrrr-tttertntet

ert-t-tItrtrrItmttrt-tt.treiir-darrtrtI_tIer-ehI:ttr-

tny.1'tIItt1t-tlitt.l:t.e.'i'tI-|erttIIlt.et.rerrtI'tt'tt
Irteiuttoitpretrlttletiteeu-tlyaooeeetotlu

eiy.

1'ItepetIn'Iirl=i'rIper:lt!Ittheee|e:peoeehqtenoenhltuonteoltyledrauieelly
Ittltedbrdteeeoorttloru.

11--I

'
lite-_FJ]'~.
:7-L-i3_'__Ll:_'-_3,.

-_|.3t:1I-III-i:_t'g-II of EIrjIr_t-I;-_y

E-I-I leg-ert

E-I

like-Il.|gIbIrjt_lI-|

Iillrqitt-uteri-dartdiea

_.--""

Merging Land
and Sea

H_
J

C}s-.-. Q

F" ESE

The sea has been an important part of some cultures since antiquity:
from maritime civilizations. who recounted stories about the mythical
worlds beyond the horizon. to mountain civilizations. which narrated

..

a ti.

tales of the sea at the end of the world. it has been travelled and ex-

plored since prehistory. This body of salty water that covers T ts of


the Earth*s surface has played an important role in human development. Ctur fascination with the sea is related to the act of returning
home after a voyage; the nostimon imar', or sweet return of Ulysses in
the Odyssey.
It is only in relation to the land that the sea acquires such an enchanting power. It is the connection of the two that renders either one
strong and fascinating and creates this strong magnetism. It is the

.9

.:g:;*
-35':-:5.
-..

all

beauty of going to sea but returning to land that has captivated the

-I

imagination of people all through history.


Notwithstanding. the connection between land and sea in the Strait
today is becoming ever more faint. Large stretches of industry and
port-related infrastructure obstruct the connection between the two.
scarce transport connections leave islands cut off and the local populations have still not grasped the full potential the sea has to offer

t
h:
RE

Qt.

them.

I-Ilelhalrrrrrothe
searches at EH lemurttrtrtortre-ur ttretratt
at-ease-nuim

-|u||!|'|-'lIi:_I'l-till or -'-Irrntljg

so

5-Illotrhen

t_-u Lbturul-I

lion:-n-gtu-dlndllu

A Disconnected
Territory

l.I|'.-ti Lt-re
t-Ira-I-I:-I:-.'
I'f||.IIIII|.iJ

2 Hal-Ill-tr

The first and foremost notable obstacle in the connection


between land and sea is the oh-rsical connection and accessibiw to the sea. ot an Island nation. Singapore is profe-un-dl-.- disconnected from the sea. as the maio-rlty of its
coastline is cut -ofl to public access. Thus model has been
enttensl-.Iel'y exported to the no-.-ghlooutlng seas-hores in the
interest of Infrastructural ant-estrnents pertaining to sea

.D_~tt-st1_i.r.I5

Political. hruanerol. strategic. social. or gee-

gmphicnl: lot rnan-p t:|i1fere-nl reasons, Singer

pore: Indtmw has on-noentrsted along the


cuandlinu-.. This I'.fllI1t! phylinal Ind IDELII

I:-orders between land and the sea. and em-

plusieel the separation between Sing-we-ere


and its I:-oIrt:|-Irin-g I:-clunlriu

':';":';,":;'::TM
an-pun:

mu, ,.,,....-. g,..:",,:,.._

-="='H H'-T

_.,

EIi'II-1|-.-In-tr-t-Ir-r n1h-rTnemlun Hunt.


f.I1gI,p|:III

trade. logistics. rnanulat:tuting_ and oil relinery. The coastline has been acknowledged not as a generator of public
qualities but. rather. as a generator of prltlatited aotlfor
goeernrnental interest. Only ret: enthl have development
plansot the three nations shown a faint tendency towards
the ret.'alori1ation of the underestimated social relationship
between land and sea.

'Lnr|-re
r_ur.n
Home
"

-1!; J

t__J

2.!

sun

"'1

!-?3""""."!" """'.".l'

III-tqingteri-dlrtdiee

E-I-I|?IIlvt'.|

!?tt'.*-tits. Lem;l.!J..Ht

F!I.ibl.i_i:.Liii_'.-i:l.l.|I:it

= LET
- llul

met-el ooi-rtrnltrnente w1'ti'i-it their utreteqi:

plane of the l'-i.iIi.irti-

|!i|.II:Il1

2 HI-Illu-

E-'|2r_=_l-2i:ia|_i*=_t';lr;i.I_I.

F;_w-_r_l3:-_-UEit=_p.n_t=_-=_-

lne perte-I there:-r'li:l withaetiert me-ttern


Itietizirtr. l:ii.rt with greet deuulnpttterrt is recent
1.-eaie tltet I:-eeate eubetentiai eoonon-inc loreceil of growth inthe trelnilo come. nature
II In D- i ttt dilrl-li ul-I1:2tt'i'I|:lEtEIly
nterr-ad
our ereutlieetetl from the inlet De-releonient
m5-ittqlittttire Ilalt-I hie aaen ei.tba1.ln'tie|
emuurrt.-.i. -ol ruin !li:ii~esu Ii-ii'.l rri.|t'igri:ri.i-u die'tH'.Hl'lt!td bvoarnelitin thetaatd-aoa-zlea. laut
green-'idI fcrhopu rretin Firm ":1 the Hauliheed that the edjoinung countr-ee ml reettte
this rretamieitr tnir'rll.li- end trtnelele it inte Ieru

Intr-t-=ei

:-

E-inuop-are has den-etvopi-i'-ant plane to coni:|It:i'tedt Ind re-lo-t:Il:iit l'|'.l indisrial and In-gistiize
tone-ain Eat:-or of creating ntoreeoentlnrie for
public are. But like Iieme utinnot be clilrneel

fer the tee ne-igltb-o-urn. in e nah to catch

up iiIi'ith the smell gient. ind-oneeie and Melmii III ltt'ireel.il'1|;| e-ul:tI'L|n'l'ul nr'i1dIi.n-ill i:if

I-tee-aeeenbuirpedtlbe
{tie-lilo-ttel-rtill-J-lrinelltiliru

mo-ttlni in nrder lo uttt.'in'it:l In-cl l'll'I'iIl'I1|'JIl"|&I"


lnl'reItru-t:ti.nl and logistical oapeaities. with
the It1'ibi'l'.ii:in to reach or te.i-ipittea '|JHl limitred dot and partake in ill ecei-ii:-triic he-enm.

These pl-Inl preiect more and laiuiaer t:ri:-mt


bigger Ionietboel even, iinim-euh and other

eeteite |ie:'il'rtiit=t- relating to rnitnne scthdtiee

I-lies-nee-riaeue

5""'|l""'

!".'..'-I'll!!!"

Underdetieloped
Sea Transportation
In ti'iec'Ey. lattd-based ptlaiic transport utitee Lirheii space

more eicle-rit|'i,r. reduces transit time tor a large portionot

the general pubic. while propeiiiriig comirierciai rrid i.iri:ta-it


clavreioprnerit. itsrriera eificierit transit netiitoiits create
geaiter acoestlihiltttr to given areas. creating hubs thatact

as social conderieers. Singapore's piarirting scheme, itri'iioh

corrlrittea public hotising irrlth public transport networits. is

a sophisticated -demottstratien of an tlban public transport


rtetwerit.

Eeaaooeeaeiitlanorhetereand-ieliiree
ootettdeeie-nreetitrtrvderdetulepeddeqiie

titep-i:teit'tieibiletereieeenentb:i:ieite're.

Ftltll-ieeeetratteportieitialrilvliitiiedtee

.$

Sir-gepeee,errioni;tti-iettitiaeioitar leittuend
Betltn. ileneitoeplicltitptoittreling public

ind-beaedtreriep-ort.Ti-reotheetteocitlee
eretier-pmudtoeii'beeed.Teteteo5ii1npeue
iaerrteneiveiyrplenriedlerptiiratteiie-iiole
uere.tiseroedrteeu:ek:epieentt:eeig~
riiiiraeritee-oriiernlctIri'iIereuntaerieoIoort

muiriqdirere-rterene

ommlaefferriee-bsiunetingiitgepereu-id
Joli-orlieltrutoatemari-tlliiitrtenii-Ii-ieii:iai.i

An-Jrlpahect The -Itlvirieni:-r. fraizprlrttt. an-:I


puncttgieyelthqettiulngnmaygpublie

trenapertetetentceuid be irttareired.
Aeerenill. mantI'ielIIitl'e.lI:eSI'IIgepure'|
Southatnieietidmenepoetrgroerna-t.tedto
titeirrneinieiatt-tie.|ntltiteit'iieriiih.

"'l"""li|H""'|"'|"""'

urge-am-tiriitaes

9-?3*"""."'.""'W ""?"."'i.t'

I?

Living with
the Sea

Ttireughout history. the sea has been an Important part of


civilization. Today. the sea continues to piati an important
role in daily life. offering not lust economic and cornn'iercial rriobilitir tor societies but an emotional and mental

connection for lndiirliduais. Studies describe the beneiit oi

Fl-e.

fix."

.-If

.1*.x3._

.-:.

in

...~g..
'-'

_="*'_'.

.I

1-1.,

irrater in Laban contexts: residents who iiisit the seaside for


recreation testify to the positiire eifectsof the sea. in the
Sirigapote Strait. restrictive public access to and limited
irisibllttv of the coastline contradict these itnotirn benefits

'-I:

E5

.- . J1? '

trio-'

H-.

"Hi

-.,
.

l"i._

..-'.'

~.,_

L 5

,3

u_'

'

.'i.

"ii I.

'|"I-to-oeari-Ii-at

'
2.

I-:ti.rlInIt.iia-:aItiii.t-lei'ti'i

E3-l_I1_lr_iarrl.lit C-='I.
.__Itli

lilieeoriptierr Few pedestrian eooeaapointa to


|'.i7rI Iattt ani:I pttpsicnf and uisuli ciii:id!rLir:lii:i-i'ia
are nottiie until problems otttie on-eettirte in
the one of Sirtqapnre.

Ii.-p-es: N lcl needle iritrastructure,


buildings not built at pei:Ie-iiu-nan-triendly
iroelae. tn-d-irttriel-tape barriers and facilitiee.

3-_

____"__="

_-_rr
Elixir

'

.-"

.,"5 J_ - -1.

rteslcue

ParI.i-ilglaediiirlh
Dlertiieriiiiii-ed
I
Er:'irI.ltu:h-n ullilil

nee-periei' Heal
I-Jain tuirreni

highway: that arecf-.*.i.ittt-zitm.-erue. incl: at

us.-sign um

Harib-ar.irDrI-ii

public fa-ciiitiiea. and an overall rrnpreeaion ll'iiseinaii.-.iI!eI1I iririth Ihd ti on u:l'ht'lt'I r:r:nat:iine-

fin

7-i'

It

Ex

_,

l-.-CL i

Location: Singapore

E__

'33."

\$''.'''I-.-'.'rI.'; .

tiitner-_Blatr. iTte.1-lfttlirg i_=_t.1i'il_.tt_tii

Alhouph ureter ooiien rnore then 1'tIit.'l-lhi|'l:i'-|oil our planet. the Ii-ocioiogi-cal ls-eitrefrtri -ol
its-irigeridtitue E-per.-.ea.,'i:ir arsiinticem-tier
manta has yet to be fully eitplored. Recent

wick

---_I

.T.li.r.

it
!-?iitasitn_r

i.il.t..t?_-=ert|.ir.e..

Description: iuncti-one with aeeled-oil. itigttty


se-owed arena that require special citreronoe

lZlieaci'lpt.ioric recreational coastal areas, ac|:iI1lH:I|I lit: the p-l..l'b1i4:.' 'DDI=|1iI1 emu which

pe-un-ds. me lick leper-e of beam.

becoming rerer lie the economies buiild


etdiurt-i:l biIe5-trail grow.
Ts-pea: eeaalde pro-ma-tie-de-at parlta. rada-

caagts.-.li:iid-gq, pr:-rt llleminlh, |i'ii|:i-_ritlii:Is.. cl!

vein:-pd trirhlrhi.

tel-ineriee. niili'taini aortas.


Lecetren: meat at the poet-tlinee of Seignpt'.ti'-e and ptttart.

on-ectteie.Ttuotign|tr1'tIil1l.-i't}115 t'}oi-npre-

enditnr pain-neelen to aoceeattteitt; the see


in elsr-cured behind high vntiiit. gated eon!Types: Industrial parts. Io-pietlica tones.

are netgateder reauietedtepdzieeceeea

Looatien: iitalep-are has the rnoal: open

hen!-lire Elleirulopment Phn. it it the only

.Tti.r- Psnls.i!its=r.tr.lbir .'3t_ili!=ilai.'i1l'l!.

The I-iaiairaiari De-ralsprnent Plan described


above includes an agenda to protect 1'31
amiare ltilontetereol nsangitt-ire rderig the
coastal zone This -regetntiori. which pro-

tectethe etiereiine from ereeien. lute been

diastioaliv degraded and encroecited upon


by
I in 5irtgept:iii'e- and Ind-i:ne-.|iit.

The changing ceeattina ia -{tribie in the map


oi! the rietui-at green eioettne of the Strait.

al:i.ei:|iee c-o-re:|w:t-ei'.'lir'r Ihe ieldl I:Ii-ert-.ri'i:i-i'ir

mental pas-chat-e-mi. geographical studies.


wnlili-an-tr nrrrlrnlnor Ind 1l"|d5'l'-'iP*

planning descrese the value at aquatic environments ii-'pron1oIing irotiet. I-oonclnic.


itnd Int-lroniriliritel obiiectiirle end i-rillue-'ic~

ing hurnh-i

III

Urban ptunrrng 'li'lI'l

iritiitstliioeerneietrai-iseiongbodieec-i water
and tiiretleetdl pei:dttii:.iit- mist-I Iislbi-e, untrain-

abte cities that proitiotettie mental well being of their i:.il:.i2iene.

it Ella ti-ltrdlr item the School or Pa-irci-not

ceiuntni atpieeeitr pnspeeinga oeastal |sro

tecti-on pi.anc:eI..ip-Fed irrilh bei-In-i:iei:i dievie1or:i-

outs ofthe Llniireraittr of Piymer.itit. Lit: ifeee


grephti-tiitidernonetreled the clear prefer-

|'|'EI"l'L

ence ii'i-iiti-id1.i.e|: airi:nii tpirruttdr. I.iIut'|l et'li'i.-irt:irt-

nienlis tiiet contain ettustiie elarnerite. etien


ENIT green envied-rittt-edits.

[rm

latit-

l:II.tI'l

EitIii'tInsult:

It-use-ll

Aieuabb
-pl-1

Iitiar-iii-gl.eri-dart-its-ea

'!'T5!""'E"!'.'W.""."'!"!.l'

Cid-Ir.'al.'-ri

Esirflaei

Ibltl-d

'-ll-"I:I:ilirrI'

lir.-arlaimp-j'|i'.iIt'|. II:-lili-rI|.'

Gull

Litiing

'l-|'!iH|I-rt-tllll

'-

Wrtre-rltrrr-i'I-Ii--liiltilrrilil rrlalirrr

Worhrig

MDU"in'g'

Leisure
' '

"

Clblri
F"-Hill!!!-D-t|'I
H-re"fI-ti
'i31l'Dli3I|lt'
bi.-t'I-teoelle-item 3'1-I-'

OI!-fir
T'J1I||Phllir|'lI-I-CI-U
D elflllblh SI-iii-I'IiH.P1il'tJi-Ii2rl't

Towards a Balanced Use


In recent histonr. the see rirourrd the St.tDRl regiu-I1 has prirnaritr tie-oorne used for ini:li.istr'ra| and oommercisi pun
poses l-lower-ier. it holds the p-otentiaicri hosting a broader

urban program and being better oonnected with the whole

trinetiorial tietTili:ll.r'.

tmiiodp-raenr

Dell.Dtrrteriate-r.ie 1-R-Iniillitrn

l'Dl|l.'-lei-Irie-e

rilblil-oi-tiitii-b
UIIIHI
i:IIiiitli||uI'i-I -Irrull-Zlint I:2Ii't'tI'I:

35l:'i"ilid-7
aerleeepereeileiit t-I--tire

lirlaerrllri
I|.I||'l-oer

1'!-I-11-Dd tn
bu-teoe per person. -Ii.'t.E Ir-'

11
..-p"-PP

"

_,.~

'-

K_

we-H.I.'n-'.'um
... ..t!*I!=-9|-urunr-n*JiIH!r=!!.'b'=-=ahIrnan'=

in :

II

I-'|Z||-'|liZl-ll -:-l '1r'M:I'-,i

SH iocrhcrh

'-it

|JI.'II|'iE"DIDI|

EIIII U-'t'l|'|-ll-"

Oceanopolis
In classical antiquity, Oceanus is the divine personification of the sea.
an enormous river encircling the world.
Oceanus was the oceanstrean'r along the Equator. in which the habitable hemisphere floated.

Oceanopolis is the intention to create a floating habitable hemisphere


on the ocean stream at the Equator.
Oceanopolis is about Sea Urbanism in the Singapore Strait.

Oceanopolis is about breaking barriers.


Oceanopolis is about bridging the gap.

Oceanopolis is about drawing a new line.

'.l1l rl-I'.:H1 l.-o- rrhl-hI|


lhl ETH!

- 4.'.I.iu-I
Fl "'Il||

- LurI Ind!-Ilrnum

nan-:udu-tuI H-Ilinurshnd

-rrwlmhnurl
21$-IhI!'I=I'|

-Ir-on-in

..l.n..-t.

i-Ju'r-I':|.lwI

.n.Ipn-about

I- I-nllrufnan-I-w
lI"l'l'UHvF'h|'1it'

or

CI

1.5

5-lm

Breaking Barriers
r!t_|'.l.ur.Iottmr

Downpo sn-Iprulrttlnoppuultitr
t:IrIIIIIluItI'liilrI-Itllsibltu-h-ti-ritllulratht

ln utfhrrlnwhmnnduadu

l:-lhA'nn|:-I-splaandidiII:tlsIlpi-wIntonln-

nailomwuci-luolltoouahluhlnuloulnp-or
litiollrinitrllitsc.

D_H-.l_=r_=Lir_-L1

tl'Ilt'iilidl5r1-It::t.It:rdnu-uIoIl|:ltn|IiIl.aI'i-dl

Donut-up-nlinrillarlrlmu i-hiaauobv
|3rrii:|:ItiIlrIunT1irI1tI~i:I'II|FrlI1IBI:rI1:|lI'3|:I~II:-l
Iommjuambkpimrifumo u

lur|u:u'.ir:gli.I1otii:u1iniiifuniIiIn.Prnc:ittinch-arm-Intl'iamvrIsoorIuit|arod.ld|n:In
tliitlin-Iv:-rhi-rhqtri-Ii:II.icI1.tIi:iIi:II-uric-n
ofllnd |.lIl-l! :liu1a|-mpuiaHoIIn'uuu-

Etrllt.

dtadldhlcltnuulp-nolntilllnwrilnrllionct

I'l1l.lI'l''lDI'I'IE||'i'iI:H|H
I|lId|:|l'I2I#

uicstilltiuliulpiulpln-lrtdidllstlilrilntiit

lrtltmitillllianp

Essen:

Th-pnaiiioturlnnnnotlnr-1-i-Iii-attain-articni

ornutoaiutuluwrumialindlnhlnr

tiutiIlboI.IthriI:IrI:lrIrthI:r.|ruluI:uldi1-

noadcrantlnnorlliriiaoruwihlpa
r-In:.Illior'iIfnr'riitui'Im:IrIIliIItlI-frtln

thntrluumlu-llboiinnouunuiu.
Tadtll-nall'iI 1l'KlI.I'I'|t

cli.I:IId.l.IruIiIInd:|i|ioBItImwIII1m-

"dl: II'r

olthoT'l'I.wIuoulIcIiIi1nnIomurpl1u-

|n|jitIllrrrinI'uu.orId|:r-rvicnnlgrantablfdriiei
bmdan.Iln-Iutorylrtnoi-poralolrnuhr

illlt-IlII:l'5ir1uIpi:II"t.5I:Itrt=Itiirr:lulII'iI:h-IrI:I
Iln
anrtcllp-aln;n.uHoh|rInntitou'
rlrittn-I.l.?Iunur||:I1iooIrru'Illt:I'tc-Illhrlo

Ario iarnblneulsliuhlnntl-uaurt
bcunduinwnlolitoitrtiinunilinnttir

tnrio|oIlEl.ml'rom'Iiia'nuh-ilu-ud'ooaa1:Hn|n
n5iIIu||:H:II'IIIIi:lEIm1.II1-I1EltI'IIrI.iIilI.I

luunrapphdtockuamuuibotiulrwdi

Hutu-uodrona-iioboitdudacli-m-noon
-ll-II'lll'l .tl-nrminothnr n-urtlon uhhrhoralnr.

uluubnrdhsuidhlnnldherriiri lu
arvuulnuaaI'in'laarocIloiuwhiulia5tralIilndtrltrlullfrlirininlridtrnl-uiAI1rI.'MInIIit

uiunutpoui:loIoeuo=ludoIhloulItJenhroI1nIi1't'I-Ihr. harllltliuldnntnnlul turrliu

awuolrtdirvtimulurutnutnmllubordlr

D l.ldbIlIl'wilhn'i'irnIl|It'lH tlnlPuaI-

Hlnuoorridon.
I

[lunch-itlilu-Inlll
:1.

IIIdlIIIlIllIIli'a'
1
FIl1II1'nn-II-lI'lpI
nun

ig

-ri.i'.t-iri

- t-

ptir.

.t.'.lIt

:ui...itel I'.'Eh-ll'l,

tut

._

litrirrtg

........ ......etrt:or.tt'ttq:tctlltai'iti1:~act=.- lelttit

.tttge trt'r:ir1tit|t:tdI:ttrIlt.-tttattiga

.ultur.tlertt:l'tenge
rtoelnanspare

""ul.I'lIEI'

tunrklng

in-g cultureletrcltertge

g.

".7~"'
.'

lira

__

leisure p-u_

--rebttstrtcsstu
-Eli
er

_'

--

I1

iii!

Bridging the Gap


Mttrt1Ettihli_=r.ur:t

I: the oooetrttstlott of e ltoetlttg illd

Doeenptt-ulle is en ettempt to re-tntr-cduoe


e p-trltlit: epeee in In -uthentrlee Iupleti-

urithln ittternetionelteeterre. It will lteurte en


open rrtlrlret end btrrtrlteuilrtg Io-tte Ierceted

With more then TLDUD tieere cl lsletunr. the


Rleu irchlpelepe Le rich in hilt-urioel herit-

land in the Shell territory ditedee. then the


en eill uI'ti'1I. Shred regiot-iet peputetiett

the npeoittl interneliottel tmede Illl. Sim-

cunge-te dselocelctrieirte. lterltege [en-ttt


ltltlr H bliIn l-hilt hti1llntI13'HHnm.bmi

oet tertitenr. The oortoept in ei-npter if the

growth. in the Internet ufelttltreer:outt-

triers. ieoenlrel totheo-eI'I:eptionofthe


Ooeertupolle. e wilted, lee metropolrle.

rltt near: to the Nipeh HIM tetd tn-itttin

ptierri. front ell one -rmrtrntrtee -on-utrt eel


their product: here. ttlotrriiny them better
I-soul toe wider rnerltet. Sltipuperetnn

Doeettop-otie it:-eu:-dit-ii:tet:l int:-it f'r-re clue-

will elttopeotit ltortttherttore out-rtpetlttue


priceepeted.
Br olferlrta dedicated dttnellflrtue In-tl
other II-ttlill rreteririg to tetlierti-r-rt. the

hncliuttll hdtmtirtrerrd huh Eetth utter-r

specically I-or ll-tern.

_l_-1-Lntitieg

tetreofillertdl. eeeltr.-it-re vridtite-uttrrt

Itett en lrtditrlthtel itlewttlittr [or e better pro-

gretttrrltic dillrlbuliun end -Iirilvlon at the

ehtne-cl leidltiet. hut eteoesa rrteerteto etielel

'
pal-Iet:e'tten' ul'uteur1r.'Itrt' te|tru:h' enltc.

The ttltntere up-erete on hub end epolre

I-oglo. -with parlnolpel lutlreeu-uoture end infiretttruclure oottoerittete-d en the rrtttlrrt ielalttll. and I-Inuit-I-1't.u'It:tit:I'ri1-t:lE|:tuted

entortn the leaner lelenitle.

mlarnraanitrirettttx

The rri-pet redlottl propoeel pl Clceertu-pull:

Floel.itt-g ielend will oer e meeting place

ege. Front floetittq ltelonge to tn-ttttdcrtt pert-

the ever)-detr llvee of its people.


lilthetqlt the iilieu hes long her: Itttlectltre to to-urvlete ltorrt tteroee the globe.

Doeenopclrie ttruuld pvrpmntee lpnrt -of


truutiem that Iurtleinl lu-eel trediti-one end

pteetioel. Loulltl reoogi-ii:et:l lendt-turn


etich eethe renuwriedettele-u-d efllelelrerta
P'It'.'|.Ie't-Q tItiIr.tIuH gain pe'iI:tl:it.'te;tivII1:qlr.te..

mw
m

in e Irene border. intemetinnel end rItultleullurel etwltpltttte-nl. etltrcetiturt In re-

eeetoh I-ietre the cetteoit-it eaot-utietr.-tirtg litterrtittde-d people of -dllferertt beclrpreunde


in eeeltiang I:t.'.I'I't|'1'It:I'I -goalie. Youth oerttree.

l.ll'l|'4'Il"Iili-It ert eotte-ole. e-pen ol-sen. tltinlt


I:-Inlze. ert-up perk ere open pleonrte

for Iltlrtil-rta. eeeetlng. dlecuealrrg, retteerch


end leerrtirtg emnee ttelittnel bcunrde-ee.

-I

- J -;_-:r

j
'

'

-:""|l

-. -.-. --.

--'

1-

1|.
I-iteaeeert. Itlll-ertdrtetere
l

t:tliee.hteieeueertd
ttt-teieie

- --'-.'.=--.
-

_.'_I-.:_-,

'_ t-e-

_e

-u

r.-i-.-"J-_'_=.;=.'-.'
_,

.I':.

!-i._

"lr-I

'

_;

." 1:

if

"-

if

.-_.-_-_a'
;i-+

I
Il'lI'l'l-FtIlIIH!"l

R?

'1'

J
"'_

"

r--

'
'

..--

Drawing it new Line


!li_'il

Awell-deeigne-d promtrn ttrithtul the meerte

tpeuoeeevrl:et:ort1eotteoleteertdin '-

lec:tl=-re.t3e:eenopollepropoeeeertetet:-en-

eitnetttrerlr ttiittinthe-l'l$Zt:ltetttitrrlr:eee
lit-tttlltitieltllt Ind eIlltlt'.':-int. 'I':li:rtItItrpe.I:Itotretteportttaratrernledeelgttedtott-nprotre

eleieni."-t-.II:eItII'r1:iitt'Ir1dttnIernuIII
ueuetooetelorpeteeogenlro-mthethree

uxrotevdeepnuuntrieehwibeuarttttd-n
rltentenr toertirttinp treneportetion l'll'l.Wi:-'lkl-

Merirttreooeeetottterottevttllberegidert-ed

endprioed-hetlee itttetttoleettelectrottec

ttro-ttl-dt:eeortl'ieetr':.terrtlt.trtt:tlo-rtirtoerrdprlo
oer:-oenp-etiirirI_

Ltyazen

I-lids-heee-d ertternel oortri-eetione ttrutrld Brit:

pt-eerignretoertrtttoirrt elrporu. td't.iIl terr-

rrtineieartrtlI'et'rtvtetrrtirtele1rlet:t.|'vt:lterI-tleeev

itlIrt1'tud.elt:.l'ienpe-5. 'I'|'iet :tt:tt't-ettro-t.tlt:lI1t:tl FI-

qiieetttr itttrttiuretl-on teooeeo. Ptteeettgere


could diret:-tt-,r trttirtefer trom one trenqriort
up-ttem to ettotttet' et this oerttrel lo-oetlon

withinthe Etreit.

Soehtrereereeleoottnne-etedto-IhoTT52
b-rrr-eerte-olentell~eeeleocnnettioItetheterritretodteirrlupectireertehorogerelteor

portteett-iit.et.

FIeetrtteduotetllIree'rr-ouIdrItetterrat1e-

pin-t1.IIlEl1||l'i'I|ttt1'HHIIDt'lIIT'lCI'l-i'IilFItIIl'|lI Io:

peso-ertuersentieeeleterre.
Th-enema-or edhridedintotvmereleme
oHret'reo-ot't,l:ioettltwoluirttttteteetterte|t-trrt:

!i_i"_.'I_tt:d.i3__i='..'.el.I_|-.l11LI

sin-ram Du . it-i-rt-bu-a men-u lrltlrtt. on

trenepert ti-etworlt heetttree rrteior llrree.


Luger, ute-' dfqn, It I rrto&.trrt lrnqteencrtr,
eitrtrloe tlteee ilrteo. Thee wil heat otiterfurt-1*.
t.ior:eonttunII:|.ItIehn.IIrtertI.e.fnt:tdou-urte.
terrtpo-renr e:tl-ilhitlom, our lteai tt-iitrttet.-e. to enhenoe the peeeenper'e tre-rel ettvpetierlce
-The t:I'n:Ie-{re-tl Iirteloonrte-etlthe hubs

et-ong I-t':lrr.'.:.iIr route.


-Tirro rlnu lirtee ith-rt and light greenlloeel

ooruteotthre-eend tour turhereeoeotiuetr.


oaroretlrtg clienonelhl tttrougttthelliterre-r.

Eimiler to e lend-heeed bin etreteltn. etrtelier.


feete=rtlu't:et-rouideonr-eot'theouteIEtlertr1e

to the I'I:.thI- -1 e l-tigteerIrmr.ient:1-. Eue-I1 ltd:

ilttheetrltenteeoertrtettod totwodllfererrt
lnee. ti-rue eeel-i lino ourtrteote taro tunes end
ttvo t:||.l-Ill. Thte oreetee metw eeoottdent

Itube. that -g'r-in pueiertgere ntultiplo tnrtepolt

oi-ioloaee.

Tttedoclring etetinne for truth eyeteme

wotrldeooorrirnodete ettrll't I:-erthlr-u end unIoeolirepeno loecingot pijrtgert toreduce

tttreue-Iirrtee

- .

"'

'-"

-3" "1! it"

in

_'"_r

"

591$

'1
i

or

Ll

I _e

~-.+

-..!

Urbenizing the See


ll-_l!It1Etl.!$E'

grout-e -to-iehte. eeelerure. lo-onlreelderrte.

trietrtteehetitelrttleetodtettteuretowetoslt
epetforttlettoebeee-don lcriee end mtrthe
cftltee-Ie.tIittit:ltl=eo-tuenizedltr-ti'tihel'-lhu
Atteeuooterdon.

bteit-etunun - to the 5llrli_ A.-I tlillitrrii-it


oliutttere eooorrttrrio-ttete epeoltic orogtertte.

utgrh DI!"
A deep-lee rnerlttor Item I clan otuleer

Dceettcpclie will introduce e new epectrunt


of pmttrerrte to ettrect hetencnerte-tr-tte tn-It
foreign Itudenu, reeeerohere. eftlete. end

tlletruhillttreotnciteivpirtu mix cl ueer

pro-use ttluo-t.t:ltout the due. rttenth, ertol eeeIntelli.I.LoIt:I~l'e

A local ttrtitret-.tlrttr Itutlettt erritree tram Erlegettt;tel:r5i-ttoetirttt-ten-tnn1lriq.l-teteteel-its


oottreee end ueee the felt boetoorirtetttiott
to-croertte-the-1utle|ene|.vr|tere..|ni-eee
thuttentnlnt.rtee.heborr-roweh-eoniI'rerrt

tleeEltrer1r.ht1IeIftentuot'I.|teheethto

theperlt.'-ulterieheheeeert-r-elltticttic teidt

tiiefth-ride. Heueeethe R-ingitetooroee


totite other lttlertdeend telteeedtrenuue
lbflI't-1|-:tIJrfI'fl|3'h1l'p'lOfItDEi-ril-l-frl

tiefeuo-t.elteuetediore-rtl:roer:tt.teIlt-ehtrnote

htoerihirrlhrneme.
lntheet.~ertlrtg.l'ierheotettlet;it'll'rleetd
for eehort erellt elottg the '|.'.lIIt- ilifteneertzh.

tit-II iuellel enhor nee! Tenionp Peg-er terntirtetheebeer-itru'lnoetedwitheo-eeeertgervreeee-ltntlteEretel'erer'e|1tit-.TlterI-.ite


irtitielvboolieeroontfetthenightetttte

lrlt-ertrittulntc |'JheI1t:e'.FIepeI't. theottI.t-

pliel:-uerdedetle-eeeiethieehi-let'ehtltI-t
brouuttttrertttlireotl-ptoFt.utteIt'|elent1

TheIethetrltedertir:elttteeltfeeto-tttl'teeee-

ioeerdgottohnownhialwmmnwho
tttrllteettattathteudielt-t-eoetete.Tl!tet-letertelre
thebeettethl 3-eer|'eret'e|urhL '|'here.the1r

meet the teoerrm-rebt'orltter. teheiee ottoteltt.

I-ltedrqtle berdtedlt1PeelrPenieng.|eedirtg
reeteoerueiorltieupoemlngtrlptolndie.

otnelingteepeolltrdeeigneolordteeteorn
te-i-rttneet!eocfeeetere-re.llt-eoct-tciiarge

tI.HIIiHHfI'l'tiI'l,''III1'l'II-IIIIIDIFLII-tJ5IIt1bll.
vrlterethethet-ebc-oIredetat.trttltherttu-

tratteport within the TESL ttiHr:ltieft'ee-

endotthet:letr.tl'retret'i}oe-It:-it-Ieretthetr

ielehhnndtypelel-tntnaenfmllrtnul

-of-rd-ietg-etthrritghie eteti-.I-leheedenul

et.reittetee1r,teleetheoiretellt-ieeetirtin35
rrI'ttuteeieet Belehertu Pedeng. ettiotrirtp hipreferredGhiliCreb.
.lrl'tertt-er:le.,tuititneIrten-deetttetter

fore-ttuicltdrlnltertttltttenrettertltchle
roornto:ee-eli-deetn-et:lreet.tnthernomInn. it-er-elelne hle thin [or three.

nLtt1't'etlI.l1 |ett:tl'nnt:tIt:t-paler. hinted. .|rt'l.i'ee-

teeeru-Idul:r-I-eettl-re-I'trctt.o-l':e l'I'l1Il.lII1l.
I

#913!
:1
I-EH!-t
3.
'|'III|.l'|II'f

llurtlieio-rtiet.. Inielendttrithen inoneeeed


eeneeot Ti r-id-rune [._].eti welt eel:-utter
eotreeetoertettrectite tDt:IIltt'trI on-de titttil errtIl'lt:.ee'lI'te -ital:-Irina rt'tt:tt:I cltnzlr n

I eignel or in "Blond

Ltttit. Living

the Next up: To-ireroe e Ttooioet City at Etrcelenoe. llll.


Ttt-I-rtt'r veers efter this decleretion ol the |i.|r-

ban Rude-.reloprner'e .lu.ttttorlttr at Singep-ore,

the ciitvr to edit lighting to so-tetete ite Identity.


Flr.Idi.rtgit:etl'l intlto mi-d-ti-eel It-tot:Ioe'tt:t-t-tit:
be-rJe't1,,tl'ter-Ig't:tn,Sirt-gept:e'o eett:!'It1 lila-

ttrigergtteertrtt tteolttto time tot::itii::lt-.retione itegoeleend direcliorte. |I1t=iirtedtototI-orr the road that guerenteee euooeee ettd
thus I piece on the would tnep. the fragile

'ul.it:t-r1 t:tHi'e'e.ngit':tt'tIutreeer'rtell rrllngit

tor questioning. Llrtce-rttiintyienotenoption


.t'-itnt:l the.-rue. tho-t:.I'.nIet.tl're rehtieettnthe
nigigltb-ntpitq t:-t:tt.tn1.t'ie-e III III itmrnli-t:tt're oi

terioerteirttt-. It will hire tithe to oontptehehd


them ereilerrrbteceti-um. But tiutn. thieveuiott. win hterettte opoerttrrtitytoteeeteibit
itt-re'lItiontotite eeeendueeil For ttrhertil it-:

part ottt: Itdsiutble 1-ttrrilorgr.

t'e-eeeeetee-tut:

Sources
See Urbanism

At'I'teI'I:h. L {2011}. C|'ti't.I-T-tI'IIt'te end CtI'tt1it't-

er-'Fettrtlttete. Gltthel ttehetttelteeeett LithuPetteme in Put Ciiee. 1530-ED. lni


t-lelrt.t.:.r[Etl.]. Ph cleeeeed oneor ng.
lile-tirt'oth H-outlet-Age. L!-S3Ifoolt-eee. II. UW5). Bingepore So-n t-eer
Portrreit of e Fotemehri tttetroo-otirt_. or
lltlrty treere of Tehule lien. in Kc-olteee

|i'..liler.rl.tEt:|e:l.$.tr|.L. it:L..He'e"i'tu-t~.
Moria-ottl reeti.liltllt-It-9.
Illicit. I-t.. Steclter. iii. t'.t'D1-ll. Se-elend. Sinneteere: .I.rol-rllreo-lture otTerrltortr.

Belole. -I. [tDi|E}..F"re.t.'i'~tttrtr.tCiet:Rlo'rter


'lI'erlIo-

5%

1?-rh.i=.{1EtD?.L Dertr Pete-toe: It-tr!i'-Ireittit


lilelec:t:e.l'vler.ieirtet|Geogt'eptei:ltlege.elrte.
Hot-le.lt.[tii 9}.1TtePot1-I3-It-Ittterfeoe:
'lrertote.F*rotteernenttiEt:ein'te:leLGteolb

ruet.1lI|t-IL-13-4.1!-5.
Herr-tler-.H.-I....Iitet:t.i'J.(1tilI1E-1-.l.ir'l'.tenu1ee:t:
'tt|l:tltIItt't'ii|11o'tt'Hu'tritl"telet'dtttt't-erei"

Lend'UeePoiict'.l2t'|l.1IH-209.

t'eDlI.E~l2'-'.3lIlI?u].B5fI.e't:ttilitlLlb-t:I.tI:Tltel.lttr
et:|t.ie|lttoorgoirettottol1'tertttttigrenteirt

5'eImpore..inrtrrIelolEt:otItInrriI'r-It'tt:l'$o-

nhieno-1nte.ti?ttt1ra-at

the

p.3E-. Llltitttzclt-I;i. ltteeterFlut2't-l:


p.3E:l7'tn-rttmt.Iitteiortgttverltedl1tgtioet:l.ero-rdPtt-Elttltl
it-E5. EB-I129-31. SS. tlO-Il.5..Si.55.E-'1t..t.'.I't. '.tl.ES-Jdeplctzirtgti-Ieeeirttte
ttoeehle tuture lorrtt uirtg the eerrrte
Iotetueeleltldhtltelritrodteodonln

theeoutoeeol.'titebot:ir.

tters

itricllr-rrvtert,i-tuteiitoforar-r:ir'rrir:trI:|tlette-at
Flieeotrtoeelitetteloptttent uttlittt-lelott,
Iiiegiottde-relopItter'tP'|'eI1IiI|D-I-Billet.
Fltet.tIelendF'tot-lteoe.

t::pt.t.':hInttI-htl.lrrr.tatF'it..
El:-och-ttl'I..l-lIlti.5e-eietetel-lerltrourhteeter
t'etti.mgPtr-teng.
Betu trttpetl-lerbottrrrre-It-r.ltItent.
Sweethlet velfetwlhritine nunettogte.

int-ertte'tiotti thritirtte B-ureeu tlltt-Jr Ptrectt

FlteoorttrtgCent:re. ttttpi,i}i'teIerte'.to=o-not

It'lt'E.iht'll'II:-'t'-t'l|ltt"l:Il't:lMl'I? ieooeeeed

Ittotrtrberitot-It.
tmtrte.telltipedle.org
teIeirtet.t,tt'e.gner.eg

'II'I'I'|'LI'I't'EI'.$'t|.'}

vnrrvr.tltip-treohnelog-p-.ct:Inl|:trt:leot
ttwtegttot;iertte_oe.oorrt

telnet:-elot'iugrttrrirrr1ingrcnt:l.tuoet:l|:tt'eite.oon'h
erte'et'etmc-ore

I
p.15. Cheek-'.I I-iIT't..5 5ll-I: Dt'l'HIlilopo

strait-mitt. iota.

p.'lit Ere-er Suppl-r tieeeel

[tnete.merlrteml- eount.

g.:!t'.i-. tiittole Cert-ier teuot


ftt-ttrw.trtIrlrtetrIf- ii-c.cettt'J.

ptas Ft.-|I|5t.q'.I|:I'f"t%Ial-'lii'.td LFt3-lerthtr titeeel titre-'te.rttet'etetreilio.oottt}.

pita Ter-rtorq Peger|9?Cl. 19$-(I

t'tt-eilertt-tetntitgroett.ietordnteee.oortti.

edtn9t_tedtttr1rt_ritt

Tl-ieriltetoetrer-gttotztt-.ettt-iel't:'.'l..lttJ.'ietttt
irtSriI'Iit;te,-.:o-rettrleoet.rpv|:tottetlot.ettIt:-tltertrtl

l'telpI:lt.:eIlod'tt.I-teey.

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