Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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ETH
ETH Zurich DArch
FCL Singapore
Assistant Professorship of
and Territorial
Territorial Planning
Architecture and
Planning
Project 2,
2, 2014
2014
Milica
Milica Topalovic
Hans Hortig, Stefanie Krautzig
Krautzig
ARCHITECTURE
OF TERRITORY
SEA REGION
6%
.:|_
an
..
Is:
ARCHITECTURE
OF TERRITORY
_.
SEA REGION
__
H.
TER ITORY
ARCHITECTURE OF
ETH
Zurich DArch
ETH Zurich
DArch
FCL Singapore
Singapore
Assistant Professorship
Professorship of
of
Assistant
Architectureand Territorial
Territorial Planning
Planning
Architectureand
PROJECT 2,
2, 2014
2014
Milica Topalovic
Topalovic
Milica
Hans Hortig,
Hortig, Stefanie
Stefanie Krautzig
Krautzig
Hans
ARCHITECTURE
OF TERRITORY
SEA REGION
Singapore,
Johor, Riau
Singapore, Johor,
Riau Archipelago
Research and
Design Project
ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE OF
OF TERRITORY
TERRITORY investigates
investigates
phenomena and processes of urban
urban transformation of contemporary territories. It
comprises a shift of interest from cities to
broader territorial frames and to what was
once considered as the non-urban realm or
the citys
city's constitutive
constitutive outside: the nature,
the ocean, the rural, the wild.
SEA REGION project builds on the research
of the hinterlands of contemporary cities
since 2011, where Singapore and its multiple territorial imprints have served
served as the
paradigmatic research case.
SEA REGION project on the tri-national space
of Singapore, Johor and Riau
Riau was carried out
with students from the ETH
ETH Zurich, collaborators, experts and guests.
Book Colophone
Special Thanks to Experts,
Experts,
Collaborators and
and Guests
BAPPEDA BATAM
AuthorBATAM (Municipal
(Municipal Planning
Planning Authority
Wan Darussalam,
Aidil
ity of
of Batam):
Batam): Wan
Darussalam, Muhamad
Muhamad Aidil
Sahalo, Yulhendri Murbarak
UNRIKA
of the
the Riau
ArchiUNRIKA BATAM
BATAM (University
(University of
Riau Archipelago): Rahmat Kurniawan,
Kurniawan, Hendra
Hendra Susanto
UTM
UTM (University of Technology Malaysia)
FACULTY
FACULTY OF
OF BUILT
BUILT ENVIRONMENT:
ENVIRONMENT: Prof.
Prof. Ho
Ho
Siong,
Wai, Abdul
Abdul Rahim
Siong, Chau
Chau Loon Wai,
Rahim Bin
Bin Ramli,
Ramli,
Tu
Teh Bor Tsong, Goh
Goh Hong
Hong Ching, Fan
Fan Tu
MARINE
MARINE DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA
En. Shah
Shah Habidin, En.
En. Nordin
Nordin
IRDA
Authority): Ms
IRDA (Urban
(Urban Redevelopment
Redevelopment Authority):
Ms
Jafaar, Mr Shafirul
Shafirul
PORT
AUTHORITY: Lim
Tian
PORT OF
OF SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE AUTHORITY:
Lim Tian
Yew, Daniel
Daniel Lim
Lim
NUS
ARCHITECTURE: Eric
G.
NUS DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF
OF ARCHITECTURE:
Eric G.
LHereux,
L'Hereux, Jrg
Jorg Rekittke
NUS
OF CIVIL
NUS DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING:
ENGINEERING:
Prof.
Prof. Vladan Babovic
NUS
NUS ASIA
ASIA RESEARCH
RESEARCH INSTITUTE:
INSTITUTE: Rita
Rita PadPadawangi
awangi
THE ISLAND
THE
ISLAND FOUNDATION:
FOUNDATION: Heena
Heena Patel
Patel
ETH
ETH ZURICH
ZURICH AND
AND FUTURE
FUTURE CITIES
CITIES LABORALABORASteTORY: Kay Axhausen, Remo Burkhard, Stephen Cairns,
Cairns, Kees Christiaanse,
Christiaanse, Rewel
Rewel Dangoy,
Dangoy,
Peter Edwards, Adrianne Joergensen,
Joergensen, Anna
Anna
Gasco, Lisa Giordano,
Giordano, Rudolf Krieg, Kevin
Kevin Lim,
Lim,
Edda Ostertag, Faizah
Sascha
Faizah Binte Othman,
Othman, Sascha
Roesler, Daniel
Daniel Sin
Sin Soo Meng, Cheryl
Song,
Roesler,
Cheryl Song,
Ursula
Ursula Suter, Amanda
Amanda Tan, Matthew Vanderploeg,
Zhou
ploeg, Ying Zhou
AND:
AND: Kersten Geers,
Geers, Markus Ng,
Ng, Lukas Pauer,
Pauer,
Bas Princen, Juria
Juria Toramae
Toramae
Editors
Milica
Topalovic, Hans Hortig,
Milica Topalovic,
Hortig,
Stefanie Krautzig
Krautzig
Graphical Revision
Graphical
Revision
Stefanie Krautzig,
Krautzig, Magnus Nickl,
Nickl,
Karoline Kostka,
Kostka,
English
English Lectorate
Joergensen, Matthew Vanderploeg
Vanderploeg
Adrienne Joergensen,
Back Cover Map
Map
of Southeast
Southeast Asian
Asian States
States (1776).
(1776). The
The
Map of
Traiphum manuscript.
Asian Art,
Art,
Traiphum
manuscript. Museum
Museum of Asian
Berlin.
Berlin.
Printing
and Binding
Printing and
Binding
Tien Wah
Wah Press,
Singapore
Tien
Press, Singapore
First Edition:
June 2015
2015
Edition: June
ISBN
978-3-906031-96-5
ISBN 978-3-906031-96-5
All rights reserved;
this publicapublicaAll
reserved; no part of this
tion may be reproduced,
stored in
tion
reproduced, stored
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retrieval
system or transmitted
transmitted in
form or by any
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means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopyphotocopymeans,
electronic, mechanical,
ing,
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priwritten consent of the publisher.
or written
publisher.
been made to
Every effort has been
to obtain
obtain proper
and permission.
credit information
information and
permission. HowevHowever, we have used
small number of images
er,
used aa small
images
for which
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which copyright holders could
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identified. If you
identified.
you claim
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ownership of any of
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2015 Architecture of Territory
www.topa|ovic.arch.ethz.ch
www.topalovic.arch.ethz.ch
p.
14
p. 14
p. 303
p.303
Sea
Sea Region
Region
Memory Archipelago
Archipelago -Living
the Sea
Sea Region
Living Heritage in
in the
Region
p.
71
p.71
Manuel Crepaz
Crepaz &
& Martino
Martino lorno
Iorno
Manuel
Metropolitan
Metropolitan Nature The Role of Nature in
in the
Trinational City
Trinational
Luca
& Matthias Mller
Luca Bazelli
Bazelli &
Muller
p. 369
p.369
Sea Urbanism
Sea
Urbanism -Toward aa Public Sea
Sea Space
Toward
Alessio De
De Gottardi
Gottardi &
& Panos
Panos Coucopoulos
Coucopoulos
Alessio
p.141
pJ41
Cultivated
Sea -
Cultivated Sea
Fishing
and Aquaculture in
Fishing and
in the
Metropolitan
Metropolitan Region
Region
Simone Michel
& Anna-Katharina
Anna-Katharina Zahler
Zahler
Simone
Michel &
p.229
p.
229
Sea
Sea Transport -Passenger Mobility
in the Sea
Region
in
Sea Region
Sarah Barras
& Benjamin
Benjamin Blocher
Blocher
Sarah
Barras &
p. 455
p.455
Sources
Sources
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KOTA TINGGI
PONTIAN
__,r
JOHOR BAHRU
Land Use
South China Sea
N
0
Johor Bahru
AL
S
AY
IN
Tanjung Langsat
DO
7.5
IA
ES
IA
Belungkor
SINGAPORE
Tanjung Pengelih
Changi
Airport
Tanjung Pelepas
al
ac
ca
St
ra
Kukup
it
Harbour
Front
MAL
AYS IA
IN D O
N ES IA
S IN G
AP O
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o
gap
re S
tra
it s
RE
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i
upang
It.
I__
I"
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KARIMUN
Nongsa
Batam
Center
BATAM
BINTAN
Tanjung Uban
Tanjung Balai
Tanjung Pinang
Kijang
15 km
Ri
au
St
ra
it s
Durian S
G
om
bo
traits
lS
tr
ai
ts
JOHOR STATE
Sea Use
South China Sea
N
0
AL
S
AY
IN
Tanjung
Tanjung
Langsat
Langsa
DO
IA
ES
IA
Belungkor
.. .'-.:.L-3'"
SINGAPORE
SINGAPORE
Tanjung Pengelih
Tanjung
Pelepas
Changi
Airport
al
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ra
it
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MAL
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IN D O
N ES IA
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AP O
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o
gap
re S
tra
it s
Sekupang
KARIMUN
Nongsa
RE
Batam
Batam
Center
Center
BATAM
BINTAN
Tanjung Uban
Tanjung
Balai
Tanjung Pinang
Kijang
7.5
15 km
Ri
au
St
ra
it s
Durian S
G
om
bo
traits
lS
tr
ai
ts
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
Introduction
Introduction
30
30
31
31
SIJORI Population
Population Growth
Growth 2010-2030
2010-2030
SIJORI
Urbanisation
Urbanisation Process
Process
16
16
SIJORI Region
SIJORIRegion
1s'7oo'o0o
16'700'000
15
15
14
14
13
13
"C
12
12
11
11
10
10
I.
99
88
7'790'430
:7'790'43o
Singapore
Singapore
6'300'000
6300'OOO
77
66
55
1900
1900
1i.-
22
i.
.1?
,1
Changing Demographics
Demographics 2012-2030
2012-2030
Changing
'
+224,
+2%
Johor
Johor
ll" "
75+
75+
60-4
60-4
40-4
40-4
68%
5%
100t
100t
00
100t
100t
0-4
0'4
100t
100t
00
100t
100t
_
.
_
SiJoRi Population
Population Growth
Growth
SIJORI
and
and Distribution
Distribution
4'000
4'ooo
-8%
_8%
Singapore
Singapore
3'993
3'993
60-4
60-4
3'500
3500
1/7
1/7
2'ooo
2'000
1'615
1'615
1500
1'500
21%
9%
66%
74%
13%
< :3
I
- :5W645
0-14
15-64
65 ++
04
250
2'500
1/20
1/20
4o_4
40-4
+12%
+12%
3'000
3000
100tt
100
00
100tt
100
+3%
+3%
Riau
Riau
75+
75+
20-4
20-4
_4
O0-4
100tt
100
00
100t
100
t
30%
10%
0-14 15-64
15-64E
65 +
0-14
55+
70%
2011
2011
20%
1990
1990
20-4
20-4
+5%
1.5%
21%
-7%
-7%
32%
.-:',.
C,
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,.
Si
Si
Jo
Jo
Ri
Ri
38%
$
f F 1-.
18%
..-F .
_'r
2011 2020
2020 2030
2030
1901 1911
1911 1921
1921 1931
1931 1941
1941 1951
1951 1961
1961 1971
1971 1931
1981 1991
1991 2001
2001 2011
1901
61%
-1-.
'
1821
1821
:-
pa.-
1'136'730
1135-730
2030
.'
Batam
Batam
1'47o'ooo
1'470'000 _.;.
11
00
-4.1-
1.
Johor Bahru
JohorBahru
5'300'000
5300'000
5'100'000
5'1oo'ooo
33
'
'
44
1950
1950
-5
5'183'700
5'1a3'7oo
75+
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1'o00
1'000
40-4
GDP per
Capita
DeFCaDita
56.998
55-998 USD
9.997 USD
0
0
E
:
Johor
Malaysia
Singapore Batam
Batam Indonesia
Malaysia Singapore
Indonesia
_5%
-5%
20-4
+3%
:3%
0-14
0-14 15-54
15-64 55+
65 +
2010
6.557
6-557 USD
2%
49.4
Billion USD
USD
49.4 Billion
0-4
5%
Johor
370.4 Billion
Billion USD
USD
370.4
71%
Singapore
18.2 Billion
Billion USD
USD
18.2
333
333
68%
Kepri
500
met
100t
00
1oot
100t
1oot
100t
o
0
1oot
100t
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
Introduction
Introduction
32
32
33
33
fl \,./i 6
.'
.
_,o
_.,
..._
..
. _ , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
...
H.,
_ .-
. ,_
In
cultures, the
the sea
sea used
to be
seen and
and imagined
as the
the
In maritime cultures,
used to
be seen
imagined as
land:
the source
source of livelihood,
the space
space of everyday
everyday life
and connecconnecland: the
livelihood, the
life and
among people and
and settlements,
settlements, which
which all
all gravitate
gravitate toward
toward itit as
as
tions among
centre. Archipelagic
Archipelagic civilizations,
civilizations, such
such as
as the
the Malay world
world along
along
the centre.
and the
the Straits of Singapore,
Singapore, have
for centuries
centuries
the Straits of Malacca
Malacca and
have for
created their cultures around
around the
the sea,
sea, which
which offered
offered conditions
conditions for
for exexcreated
goods and
and ideas.
continuous coming
coming and
and
change of peoples,
peoples, goods
ideas. Life
Life of continuous
going between
and sea,
sea, gave rise
to the
the perception
the world
world
going
between land
land and
rise to
perception of the
and water.
water.
as the space of continuity between
between land
land and
'.
Johor Bahru
Bahru
Malaysia
Malaysia
twentieth century,
century, the
the territories
territories and
and cultures
cultures of
of the
the
Since the mid
mid twentieth
25 km
5 km
Karimun
Island
KarimunIs|and
Indonesia
4
0
50 km
'-_
'.
Bintan Island
Indonesia
..
'.
Batam
Batam Island
Island
Indonesia
Indonesia
Rempang Island
Indonesia
In
demands on
on the
the
In parallel,
parallel, new technologies have
have placed
placed increasing
increasing demands
maritime space
space as
as the crucial
crucial space
space for logistics,
trade and
and economic
economic
logistics, trade
globalization,
globalization, further contributing
contributing to
to the
the complete
complete change
change of
of nature
nature
societal interaction
with the
the sea.
sea. The
The 1960s container
container revolution
revolution
of societal
interaction with
global shipping
shipping industry,
industry, and
and increased
increased the
the need
gave boost to the global
need
for control
In the
control of the growing
growing cargo traffic.
traffic. In
the words
words of artist
artist Allan
Allan
Sekula, "What began
the mid-1950s as aa most
American improveimproveSekula,
began in
in the
most American
ment in
taken on
on world-historic
world-historic importance.
importance.
in cargo logistics,
logistics, has now taken
cargo containera
containera standardized
standardized metal
transferred
The cargo
metal box,
box, easily transferred
from
from ship
ship to truck to
to trainhas
trainhas radically transformed
transformed the
the space
space and
and
and ocean
ocean passages.
Today, over
over ninety
percent
time of port cities and
passages. ...Today,
ninety percent
sea. Without
Without aa revolution
in ocean-goocean-goof the world's cargo moves
moves by sea.
revolution in
ing cargo-handling
not exist,
ing
cargo-handling technology,
technology, the global
global factory
factory would
would not
exist, nor
nor
globalization itself."
itself."
the phenomenon
phenomenon of globalization
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
34
Introduction
Introduction
35
35
The Sea
Sea Region
Region project portrays this maritime
maritime metropolitan
metropolitan region
region
by placing
on the sea,
sea, the ways
ways the
the sea
sea has
influenced urban
urban
placing focus on
has influenced
transformation, and
and was
was itself transformed
transformed in
the process.
Taking the
the
transformation,
in the
process. Taking
view, the project unravels aa few distinct
distinct lines
the reresea-centric view,
lines of the
and urban
transformation.
gions urban
urban history and
urban transformation.
transformation process we explored
explored has
the increasincreasThe first transformation
has been
been the
ing
fragmentation and
and sharpening
sharpening of differences
differences in
in the
the archipe|agos
archipelagos
ing fragmentation
urban
geography, owing
owing to
to the
the national
and the
the formation
formation of
urban geography,
national borders
borders and
territories, but also
also to
to the
the inexorable
inexorable and
and still
still ongoongowider borderzone territories,
ing
consumption of coastal
coastal areas for the
the purposes
of industry
industry and
and
ing consumption
purposes of
logistics.
logistics.
Central
to this
this process,
Singapores port
operations increasingly
increasingly efefCentral to
process, Singapore's
port operations
ficient, automated,
automated, but still
still dependent on
on ever-larger spaces
spaces and
and ininficient,
frastructuresgradually moved
out of the
the inner
inner city.
city. This
This was
was also
also the
the
frastructuresgradua||y
moved out
move of an
an increasing
autonomy: from
from the
the port
as aa vivid
vivid mixing
of
increasing autonomy:
port as
mixing of
people and
and goods on
on the
the waterfront
waterfront earlier in
the twentieth
twentieth century,
century,
in the
toward the port as an
an isolated
and secured
secured urban
urban entity
entity toward
toward its
its
toward
isolated and
end. Together with
with the highly efficient port
terminals, the
the Strait
Strait of SinSinend.
port terminals,
and instrumentalized
gapore became aa thoroughly planned,
planned, managed
managed and
instrumentalized
urban
surface, with
with corridors
corridors for movement,
zones for
for anchorage
anchorage and
and
urban surface,
movement, zones
The combined
combined effects
effects of water-dependant
water-dependant
other restricted
restricted purposes.
purposes. The
urban
shipping, petrochemical
industries as
as well
well
urban functions including
including shipping,
petrochemical industries
and installations
security, appear
appear as
as
as elaborate programs
programs and
installations of military
military security,
forces exerting
exerting physical
on the
the littoral
zone, and
and sculpting,
sculpting,
forces
physical pressure on
littoral zone,
through
land reclamation
reclamation and
through land
and dredging,
dredging, the
the coastal
coastal topography
topography to
to its
its
needs.
needs.
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
36
36
Introduction
Introduction
37
37
1980s through
through experimentation
experimentation with
with the
the Growth
Growth Triangle
Triangle
the late 1980s
model
among the three constituent parts
in the
the metrometromodel of exchange among
parts in
politan
constellationand despite
despite the
the shared
shared maritime
culture and
and
politan conste||ationand
maritime culture
history.
was thus not aa surprise
surprise to
to us
the articulations
articulations of comcomhistory. It was
us that the
mon
form of urban
visions and
and cross-border
cross-border institutional
institutional
mon interests in
in form
urban visions
alignments that would
would allow for joint
joint steering
steering of urbanization
processurbanization processes, are presently all
all lacking,
and urgently need
to be
be developed.
developed.
es,
lacking, and
need to
departed from
from the
the standpoint
standpoint that
that the
the
The Sea
Sea Region
Region project has departed
urbanisation
the sea
sea and
and the
the coastal
coastal areas
areas is
is patently the
the central
central
urbanisation of the
the cross-border
cross-border metropolitan
growth.
element of the problematic of the
metropolitan growth.
with the sea
sea is
is crucial
crucial not only for the
the ports
and the
the
The relationship
relationship with
ports and
shipping, but for the
the three
three cities,
cities, their
their quality of
of life
and their
their contact
contact
shipping,
life and
with environment.
environment. Yet,
Yet, the theme of urbanisation
of the
the sea
sea and
and the
the
with
urbanisation of
coastal areas
areas is still
still apparently understudied,
it has
yet arrived
arrived in
in
coastal
understudied, it
has not
not yet
urban
debates. Exceptions
and examples
examples of
of changing
changing
urban planning
planning policy debates.
Exceptions and
found among
among cultural
cultural institutions
institutions and
and artists
artists in
in SingaSingaawareness are found
pore,
such as Charles
Charles Lim
and Zai
Zai Kunning,
who are
are recollecting
and
pore, such
Lim and
Kunning, who
recollecting and
reconstructing
sea and
and archipelago
archipelago culture
culture for the
the public.
reconstructing the sea
public.
Sea Region
vision for aa unified
The Sea
Region project is
is essentially aa vision
unified maritime
maritime
space, which
which enables
enables new connections among
among Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and
space,
the Riau
Riau Archipelago,
between the
Archipelago, and
and connections between
the individual
individual cities
cities
in the region
region with
in
with the sea.
sea. Through
Through the
the design
design of new cross-border
cross-border
territories and
and territorial
territorial structures,
structures, the
the project
gives new contours
contours to
to
territories
project gives
To do
do this,
this, the
the project
creates aa common
common prothe regions
region's identity.
identity. To
project creates
program for such
such sea-centered
sea-centered metropolitan
urbanism, consisting
consisting of the
the
gram
metropolitan urbanism,
following
research and
following research
and design
design themes:
themes: 1marine
1marine and
and the
the coastal
coastal nana2metropolitan fishery
fishery and
and aquaculture;
aquaculture; 3pub|ic
3public
ture protection;
protection; 2metropo|itan
sea transport;
transport; 4heritage
4heritage protection
of traditional
traditional sea
sea cultures
cultures in
in the
the
sea
protection of
region, and
region,
and 5the rediscovery of the sea
sea and
and the
the coasts
coasts as
as collective
collective
and public spaces.
spaces.
and
The project further proposes
proposes aa series of concepts
concepts and
and interpretations
interpretations
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
38
Introduction
Introduction
39
39
return
the extraordinary sea
sea of the Strait
Strait into
into the
the centre
centre of public
disreturn the
public disand imagination
about the regions
future.
course and
imagination about
region's future.
TerritoryDesigning an
an Urban
Sea
Architecture of TerritoryDesigning
Urban Sea
The view on
on the
the sea
sea as
as an
an urban
territory opened
opened for
for us
us as
as soon
soon as
as we
we
The
urban territory
encountered the extraordinary maritime
the Singapore
Singapore
encountered
maritime urbanism
urbanism of the
Straits, four years ago.
ago. It seemed
seemed that
that the
the major shipping
shipping route
surStraits,
route surrounded
three cities,
cities, could
could become
case of
of the
the
rounded by three
become aa paradigmatic
paradigmatic case
urban sea:
sea: an
an urbanized
centered on
on and
and determined
determined by
by
urban
urbanized territory centered
sea and
and the
the maritime activity,
activity, and
and aa territory
territory whose
whose description
description
the sea
necessitates aa departure from
from the
the conventional
conventional land-based
approach
land-based approach
to urbanism.
urbanism.
Assistant Professorship
The Architecture of Territory (the ETH
ETH DARCH
DARCH Assistant
Professorship
Architecture and
and Territorial
Territorial Planning)
just been
initiated at
at that
that
of Architecture
Planning) had
had just
been initiated
time, with
with the purpose
to test
test the possibilities
architects engageengagetime,
purpose to
possibilities of architects
ment with
with urban
territories as
as themes
themes of research
and design.
design. This
This
urban territories
research and
the 20th
20th century,
century, urbanization
was not aa coincidencethroughout the
urbanization
processes have
continued to
to challenge
challenge the
the disciplines
disciplines of architecture
architecture
have continued
and urbanism
to expand
expand their concepts
concepts and
and approaches
approaches beyond
beyond the
the
and
urbanism to
conventional frames,
frames, focused
focused on
on cities
cities and
and urban
urban agglomerations.
agglomerations.
conventional
At present,
present, even
landscapes are
pulled into
even remote spaces and
and landscapes
are pulled
into the
the
vortex of urbanization;
urbanization; the
urban has
has become
become the
universal condition.
the urban
the universal
condition.
During its history as aa discipline,
has gradually encomDuring
discipline, architecture
architecture has
encompassed
design and
and construction,
construction, urban
design and
and urban
urban
passed building
building design
urban design
planning,
spatial scales
scales over
over time.
time. A
A rescaling
rescaling of
of
planning, incorporating
incorporating larger spatial
architectural practices into larger territorial
territorial dimensions
dimensions appears
appears esesarchitectural
sential once
once again,
again, corresponding
corresponding to
to the
the increasing
increasing scales
scales and
and comcomsential
urbanization.
plexities of urbanization.
Following this line of thought,
has started
Following
thought, the
the Architecture
Architecture of Territory has
started
the areas
areas of concentrated
concentrated urbanization
that comcomto look beyond
beyond the
urbanization that
urban agglomerations,
prise various forms
forms of contemporary urban
agglomerations, and
and to
to
investigate urban
urban transformation
processes characteristic
investigate
transformation processes
characteristic of the
the field
field
extended urbanization.
of extended
urbanization.
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
40
40
Introduction
Introduction
41
41
Sultan Iskandar
Iskandar
Sultan
Lake Park
Park
Lake
Metropolitan Parks
Parks
Metropolitan
Urban parks
parks
2 Urban
Lake parks
parks
2 Lake
Great outdoors
outdoors
2 Great
Second coastline
coastline
K Second
NN
O0
Johor Strait
Johorstrait
Coastline Park
Coastlineinrk
Pulau Ubin
Nature Park
Johor River
River
Johor
National Park
Park
National
Central Catchment
Catchment
Central
Lake Park
Lake
'l
West
V est Johor
hor National Park
Ramsar Conservation Park
R isar
'
Coast
West Coa_s_t
Lake
Park -i
Lakeark
"i:."~3.I\$s
Southern Islands
Islands
Southern
Maritime
Maritime Park
Maritime Biodiversity
Park
I'II.i.
Sekupang
Sekupang
--1. .
'i.Coast|lne
Coastline Pazk
Park
- I.
I1.
_I.
Batam
Batam Central
Central E
oastline Park
Coastline
Park
Sr
|.
. I.
II
.- _ lBatarrli
land
Batam If
Island
Lake
Lake Pa
Park
rIrI"
'-ii.
1";
II
|+"i EH.
.__Ih
Riau
Riau Archipe|ago:_ll.,,_'
Archipelago
National
13 -..__
National Park
Park
.-Ir- ER"-
I.- -.
|_',.
2.5
2.5
km
55 km
Desaru
Desaru
Urban Fishing
Fishing
Urban
Urban fish
fish production
production
K Urban
and recreation
recreation
and
Integration of
of coastal
coastal
2 Integration
kampungs into
into
kampungs
urban fabric
fabric
urban
Connecting tourism
tourism
Connecting
and sea
sea culture
culture
and
x\'\___
1h
Timur
Barat
Pontian
Pontian
NN
Johor Bahru
Centre
O0
Senoko
1h
Changi
_."Changi
".
30
i.
mi
n2h
Kukup
Jurong
Jurong
Pengerang
Pngerang
Habour
min
Front 20
1h
20
in
1h
Tanah
Tanah
Mehra
. Mehra
in
20 m
Singapore
Centre
7/:
1h
45
Sebong
Sebong
Lagoi
Lagoi
m
in
Belakang
Padang
20 m
in
Batam
Centre 2
0
Sekupang
mi
30
Batam
Ferry
Ferry
Terminal
Terminal
in
1h
20
mi
Tanjung
Balai
1h
Teluk
Teluk
Dalam
Dalam
1*
Barelang
Bare-fang
as
Tanjung Pinang
'1
2h
Pulau
Pulau
Abang
Abang
Kawal
Kawal
'
Trikora
Trikora
Beach
Beach
55
10 km CD
10km
Network
Network
of Increased
Increased
of
Accessibility
x
Railway
Railway
Main
Main road
road network
network
Fast ferries
ferries
Fast
international and
and
international
interregional
interregional
connections
connections
Sea Transport
Transport as
as an
an
2 Sea
alternative: Crossing
Crossing
alternative:
the Johor
Johor Strait
Strait
the
Connecting centres
centres
: Connecting
and peripheries
peripheries
and
Sea transport
transport as
as urban
urban
- Sea
experience:
experience:
Hop-on-hop-off
Hop-on-hop-off
Primary Hub
Hub
Primary
Secondary Terminal
Terminal
O Secondary
Tertiary terminal
terminal
0 Tertiary
0 MRT
MRT coastal
coastal station
station
0 MRT
MRT station
station
Informal terminals
terminals in
in
0 Informal
kampungs
kampungs
Jetty
9 Jetty
NN
00
55
10 km
10km
Riau Archipelago
Archipelago
Riau
Heritage Park
Park
Heritage
'
--
--_-"_'r I
'__
I: "'
'
.
'- '
.
'r.
I1
Protected natural
natural
2 Protected
heritage
heritage zone
zone
Highly protected
protected
- Highly
Mangrove zone
zone
Mangrove
Protected fishing
fishing
2 Protected
grounds
grounds
Highly protected
protected
2 Highly
fishing grounds
grounds
fishing
Protected area
area of
of
2 Protected
living heritage
heritage
living
Kampungs within
within the
the
2 Kampungs
Park
Park
Other kampungs
kampungs in
in
2 Other
the region
region
the
Border of
of the
the Park
Park
- o - Border
Main
Main routes
routes in
in the
the Park
Park
Entrance to
to the
the Park
Park
0 Entrance
"" I
I.
.'
- d__ .
_
'
J I
Ir r 1. ."
'
1;
If
.__J
N
N
00
Habour
Front
55 min
Belakang
Padang
Sekupang
Archipelago
Gateway
Pulau
Pemping
Pulau
Kasu
'
'
L_
_.
- _Batu'Aji
Batu Aji
-_
Archipe|_ago'
'_
Archipelago
Gateway ,. -..Ga_tewa_y_
Pulau
Geranting
RIAU
ARCHIPELAOG
HERITAGE ZONE
Balerang
Balerang
Archipelago
.A'hiDe|ago
Gateway
t
Selat
Nenek
-.
u_J ,
r
II-. I
-.
-I'Ilo'."_a_'&.__1t
Pulau
Bakau
* -'
.
I I0
-i K
.I
' I
I
'
'
'0
55
10 km
km
10
Oceanopolis
Oceanopolis
Culture
2 Culture
Heritage
2 Heritage
Leisure and
and tourism
tourism
K Leisure
Protected nature
nature
K Protected
Research and
and
K Research
development
development
Free trade
trade market
market
K Free
Education
- Education
Industry
2 Industry
Hub
131.1 Hub
Amenities ship
ship
1-! Amenities
L. Speed
Speed boat
boat
Seafarer' gateway
gateway
.I. Seafarer
Passenger gateway
gateway
IJ- Passenger
03
N
2.5
2.5
km
55 km
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
52
52
Introduction
Introduction
53
53
Sea Region
The phenomenon of maritime borders in the region is historically new - in the formerly open sea of the Singapore
Straits the national borders gradually took effect after Singapores
gapore's independence in 1965. The combined demands
of industry, logistics, and trade have further contributed to
the formalization of borders and fragmentation of the regional space. In the 1960s, the container
container revolution gave
boost to the global shipping industry and led
led to the need
for control of the growing cargo traffic, which changed
the character of the Straits irreversibly. As a result, the sea
as the space of everyday life and movement among Singapore, Johor, and Riau Archipelago is severely parcelled.
The three cities now develop in an independent manner;
the coasts in the region are occupied by port terminals,
terminals,
industrial facilities, security installations and gated estates;
withdrawn from
from the coast.
coast. The sea
sea
the urban centres are withdrawn
has become an urban
and the frontier of public inurban frontier and
terest and
and imagination.
vision of aa unified
The Sea
Sea Region
Region wants to propose aa vision
unified
maritime space,
designing connections among
among the three
space, by designing
cities, and connections between
and the sea.
sea. To
between the cities and
do this,
this, the project will
will start by reframing
reframing the regional
regional territory and
and placing
centre. Through
Through the design
design
placing the sea back in its centre.
of new cross-border territories and
and territorial
territorial structures,
structures, the
project will
will give new contours to the regions
region's identity.
identity.
The opportunities for cross-border metropolitan
metropolitan thinking
sea were explored
explored through
through the
ing on the relation
relation to the sea
and aquaculture,
aquaculture, public
topics of nature protection,
protection, fishery and
sea transport, cultural
cultural heritage of the archipelago and
and the
coastlines and
and sea as public space.
space.
E-}..r
Nature
Park -Nature Park
As Cross-Border Logic
Logic in
in
As
the Trinational
Trinational Metropolis
Metropolis
the
Between
1854 and
and 1869,
1869, the
the British
British explorer
explorer
Between 1854
and naturalist
Alfred Wallace
Wallace created
created an
an exexand
naturalist Alfred
traordinary journal
journal of
of natural
wealth of
of the
the
traordinary
natural wealth
region,
The Malay
Malay Archipelago.
Archipelago. Upon
Upon his
his visit
visit
region, The
to the
the island
island of Singapore,
Singapore, he
he wrote
wrote of the
the
to
most luxuriant
luxuriant vegetation,
vegetation, gambler
gambier plantaplantamost
tions and
and forests
forests with
with free
free roaming
roaming tigers,
tigers,
tions
and of 700
700 species
species of
of beetles
beetles he
he had
had collectcollectand
ed there.
there. He
He praised
the favourable
favourable condicondied
praised the
tions of climate
climate and
and soil
soil on
on this
this spot,
spot, deemdeemtions
ing it
productive beyond
beyond any other
other he
he had
had
ing
it productive
visited
visited in
in his
his travels
travels in
in the
the East.
East.
But already during
But
during the
the XIX
XIX century,
century, after
after
the port
port settlement
settlement had
had been
been established
established in
in
the
1819, the
the urban
urban transformation
transformation the
the island
island was
was
1819,
far
far reaching.
reaching. Agriculture,
Agriculture, the
the building
building of
of
roads,
railways and
and buildings
buildings led
led to
to the
the cutcutroads, railways
ting down
down of
of jungles,
jungles, drying
drying of
of swamps
swamps and
and
ting
disappearance
disappearance of
of coastal
coastal mangrove
mangrove forests.
forests.
During the
During
the XX
XX century,
century, the
the effects
effects on
on the
the
physical environment
physical
environment of
of urbanization
urbanization and
and
industrialization intensified.
intensified. The
The post-indepost-indeindustrialization
pendence development
pendence
development agenda
agenda during
during the
the
1960s,
1960s, 70s
70s and
and 80s
80s emphasised
emphasised on
on SingaSingapores
economic autonomy from
from Malaysia,
Malaysia,
pores economic
brushing other
brushing
other concerns
concerns aside.
aside. Bedok,
Bedok, East
East
Coast
Coast and
and Jurong
Jurong areas
areas were
were among
among the
the first
first
to
to undergo
undergo aa complete
complete transformation
transformation of
of
the
the physical
physical setting,
setting, the
the cutting
cutting of
of hills
hills and
and
filling
filling of
of the
the coastline.
coastline. Until
Until today,
today, the
the land
land
reclamation has
reclamation
has added
added around
around 25
25 percent
percent to
to
Singapore's
Singapores land
land area,
area, replacing
replacing much
much of
of the
the
old
old coastline
coastline with
with aa new
new artificial
artificial interface
interface
between land
between
land and
and sea.
sea.
The
The 1980s
1980s brought
brought regionalisation
regionalisation of
of
economic
economic processes,
processes, with
with manufacturing,
manufacturing,
electronic
electronic industries
industries and
and agriculture
agriculture leading
leading
the
the migration
migration from
from Singapore
Singapore to
to Riau
Riau and
and
Johor.
processes were
Johor. These
These processes
were helped
helped by
by indeinde-
pendent initiatives
initiatives by
by Malaysian
Malaysian and
and IndoneIndonependent
sian governments
governments to
to industrialize,
industrialize, including
including
sian
the massive
massive palm
palm oil
oil production,
production, and
and the
the dedethe
velopment of
of petrochemical
petrochemical facilities
facilities (such
(such
velopment
as Pasir
Pasir Gudang)
Gudang) for
for processing,
processing, storing
storing and
and
as
trade of
of oil
oil along
along the
the Straits
Straits of
of Singapore
Singapore
trade
and the
the Straits
Straits of
of Johor.
Johor. As
As aa consequence
consequence
and
of the
the high
high paced
paced growth
growth of
of cities
cities in
in the
the last
last
of
three decades,
decades, much
much of
of the
the trinational
trinational rerethree
gion has
has experienced
experienced the
the same
same pressures
pressures
gion
on
on nature.
nature. Huge
Huge reclamation
reclamation projects
projects are
are
today equally
equally characteristic
characteristic of
of the
the coastcoasttoday
lines of
of Singapore,
Singapore, Batam
Batam Islands
Islands and
and Johor
Johor
lines
Bahru. ItIt is
is estimated
estimated that
that in
in Singapore,
Singapore, 99
99
Bahru.
percent of
of all
all original
original mangrove
mangrove forest
forest has
has
percent
been extinct,
extinct, while
while the
the Johor
Johor State
State has
has expeexpebeen
rienced the
the highest
highest mangrove
mangrove losses
losses in
in MaMarienced
laysia,
laysia, with
with 42
42 percent
percent reduction
reduction since
since the
the
1970s. The
The impact
impact on
on marine
marine ecosystems
ecosystems of
of
1970s.
the shipping
shipping movements,
movements, dredging,
dredging, reclareclathe
mation
mation and
and the
the spilling
spilling of
of chemical
chemical material
material
is
is high
high throughout
throughout the
the region.
region. In
In Singapore
Singapore
alone, more
more than
than 80
80 percent
percent of
of the
the territoterritoalone,
rial
rial waters
waters are
are used
used for
for the
the activities
activities of
of the
the
port,
port, corresponding
corresponding to
to large
large reduction
reduction of
of
coral
coral and
and other
other habitats.
habitats. The
The absence
absence of
of
freshwater sources
sources in
in Singapore
Singapore and
and Riau
Riau
freshwater
led
led to
to the
the building
building of
of reservoirs,
reservoirs, starting
starting with
with
MacRitchie
MacRitchie Reservoir
Reservoir in
in 1867.
1867. The
The damming
damming
of river
river mouths
mouths along
along the
the coasts
coasts to
to collect
collect
of
fresh
fresh water
water has
has changed
changed most
most of
of the
the former
former
brackish
brackish streams.
streams.
Looking
Looking at
at the
the sites
sites and
and practices
practices of
of
nature
nature protection
protection in
in Singapore,
Singapore, Batam
Batam and
and
Johor,
Johor, itit is
is first
first apparent
apparent that,
that, in
in the
the region
region
focused
focused on
on the
the sea,
sea, the
the coastal
coastal areas
areas have
have
been
been especially
especially sensitive
sensitive to
to change.
change. In
In the
the
port
port cities,
cities, the
the access
access to
to the
the sea
sea has
has been
been
crucial
crucial for
for much
much of
of the
the logistics,
logistics, industries
industries
and
and even
even the
the military;
military; through
through real
real estate
estate
and
and tourism
tourism the
the coast
coast has
has become
become aa comcommodity
modity too.
too. At
At the
the same
same time,
time, the
the costal
costal
areas are
are also
also the
the places
places of
of the
the richest
richest biobioareas
diversity, of
of concentration
concentration of
of traditional
traditional setsetdiversity,
tlements, culture
culture and
and economy,
economy, thus
thus also
also the
the
tlements,
areas where
where most
most valuable
valuable heritage
heritage sites
sites can
can
areas
be found.
found.
be
ItIt is
is further
further apparent
apparent that
that so
so far
far economeconomic development
development agenda
agenda had
had dominant
dominant role
role
ic
over nature
nature or
or any
any other
other possible
possible agenda
agenda
over
in guiding
guiding urban
urban growth.
growth. Instead,
Instead, nature
nature
in
reemerged in
in region
region as
as the
the byproduct
byproduct of
of ururreemerged
ban development.
development. The
The state
state institutions
institutions in
in
ban
Singapore have
have promoted
promoted parks
parks and
and greengreenSingapore
ery with
with human-centered,
human-centered, utilitarian
utilitarian and
and
ery
economic function.
function. Nature
Nature was
was coupled
coupled with
with
economic
other urban
urban functions,
functions, such
such as
as land
land reservareservaother
tion and
and military
military zones
zones in
in Changi,
Changi, Kranji
Kranji and
and
tion
the Southern
Southern Islands,
Islands, or
or source
source protection
protection
the
in Bukit
Bukit Timah.
Timah. The
The tendency
tendency that
that emphaemphain
sizes on
on environmental
environmental management
management and
and
sizes
engineering solutions
solutions to
to ecological
ecological and
and enenengineering
vironmental conflicts
conflicts in
in the
the growing
growing city
city has
has
vironmental
prevailed. An
An important
important part
part of
of incorporation
incorporation
prevailed.
of nature
nature into
into the
the urban
urban development
development has
has
of
been the
the practice
practice of
of greening
greening Singapore,
Singapore,
been
focused on
on urban
urban and
and aesthetic
aesthetic function
function
focused
of greenery
greenery for
for the
the city
city dweller.
dweller. This
This served
served
of
urban branding
branding purposes
purposes as
as well,
well, promotpromoturban
ing Singapore
Singapore as
as garden
garden city,
city, the
the city
city in
in
ing
the garden
garden and
and even
even the
the greenest
greenest city
city on
on
the
Earth.
Earth.
Thought
Thought Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and Batam
Batam
form aa cross
cross border
border metropolitan
metropolitan area,
area, they
they
form
are also
also three
three cities
cities in
in different
different stages
stages of
of dedeare
velopment, and
and with
with differing
differing conceptions
conceptions
velopment,
and mechanisms
mechanisms of
of nature
nature protection.
protection. For
For
and
example,
example, the
the Iskandar
Iskandar planning
planning authorities
authorities
have given
given high
high attention
attention to
to the
the coastline
coastline of
of
have
Southern Johor
Johor in
in their
their plans,
plans, but
but they
they might
might
Southern
not be
be able
able to
to implement
implement them.
them. In
In the
the Riau
Riau
not
Archipelago,
Archipelago, the
the plans
plans and
and mechanisms
mechanisms of
of
nature protection
protection are
are still
still weakly
weakly developed.
developed.
nature
In all
all three
three cities,
cities, growing
growing concerns
concerns over
over role
role
In
and
and place
place of
of nature
nature are
are increasingly
increasingly evident.
evident.
The
The goal
goal of
of the
the project
project is
is to
to explore
explore aa
common vision
vision for
for nature
nature protection
protection in
in the
the
common
trinational
trinational region,
region, and
and to
to provide
provide arguments
arguments
for
for nature
nature areas
areas as
as productive
productive areas
areas that
that
can substantially
substantially raise
raise appeal
appeal and
and value
value of
of
can
living,
living, work
work and
and leisure
leisure in
in the
the cross-border
cross-border
metropolis.
metropolis. The
The project
project will
will emphasize
emphasize on
on
the
the dimensions
dimensions of
of nature
nature protection
protection so
so far
far
missing
missing in
in the
the region:
region: itit will
will explore
explore the
the opopportunities
portunities for
for cross-border
cross-border nature
nature protecprotection;
tion; itit will
will emphasize
emphasize the
the protection
protection of
of biobiodiversity
diversity in
in nature
nature areas
areas in
in addition
addition to
to their
their
urban
urban benefits;
benefits; itit will
will also
also consider
consider nature
nature as
as
form
form of
of heritage.
heritage.
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
54
Introduction
Introduction
55
55
moval
and water pollution.
moval of mangroves and
pollution.
Traditional fishing
fishing communities are still
still mostly
Traditional
traditional
active in
in Riau.
Riau. In
In Batam
Batam municipality,
municipality, traditional
fishing continues
continues to form
form an
an economic
economic base
fishing
base for
the population
(in 2010,
2010, 9487
about 5 percent of the
population (in
households were active in
in the fishing,
fishing, compared
compared
1758 active in
agriculture). These are
are
to only 1758
in agriculture).
whose daily lives and
and practices are
are
communities whose
cities.
already in
in the gravity vortex of the nearby cities.
Possibilities to preserve or integrate their culculand ways of life into modern
econotures and
modern urban
urban economies in
so far presented
in the region
region have so
presented unsolvunsolvequations.
able equations.
The goal
goal of the
the work is to
to examine potentials
potentials
trinational fishing
fishing and
and aquaculture
aquaculture in
in the
the refor trinational
region that would
would be able to meet the local
gion
local needs.
needs.
cross borThe project explores the advantage of cross
borstrategies: ways to ensure high
wader planning
planning strategies:
high waand ecological
ecological quality of the
the marine
ter quality and
environment, and
and ways to
to create
create local
territories
environment,
local territories
fishing and
and sea
sea farming
farming in
in balance
with other
for fishing
balance with
space. The
The project
functions of the maritime
maritime space.
approach to
to regualso discusses cross border approach
regulations concerning
concerning the production,
distribution
production, distribution
and trade.
trade. The project provides
and
provides arguments for
fishing and
and mariculture,
in
the productive
productive role of fishing
mariculture, in
appeal and
and quality of life in
in
their ability to raise
raise appeal
and explores ways
ways
the cross-border metropolis,
metropolis, and
in
which they can
can be seen
seen as an
an element of rein which
regions identity and
and cultural
cultural heritage.
gion's
heritage.
Sea Transport
Transport -Sea
Reconsidering
Cross-Border
Reconsidering Cross-Border
Public
Transport Over
Over Water
Water
Public Transport
The Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and Riau
Riau region
region has
has
The
rich tradition
tradition of
of water
water transport.
transport. Though
Though
aa rich
land-based
forms of
of transportation
transportation steadsteadland-based forms
ily grew and
and became
became predominant
predominant during
during
ily
the XX
XX century,
century, people
people still
still move
move by sea.
sea.
the
High-speed
ferries connect
connect the
the local
local and
and the
the
High-speed ferries
regional
ferry terminals
terminals and
and harbours
harbours into
into
regional ferry
dense network.
network. Singapore
Singapore TourTouraa relatively dense
ism Board
that in
in 2013,
2013, more
more than
than 1.5
1.5
ism
Board reports
reports that
million
visitors arrived
arrived in
in Singapore
Singapore by
by sea;
sea;
million visitors
more
than half
half of all
all arrivals,
arrivals, around
around 70,000
70,000
more than
per month,
Indonesia. Similar
per
month, were
were from
from Indonesia.
Similar
numbers were
were reported
reported for
for Batam:
nearly
Batam: nearly
70,000 Singaporean
Singaporean and
and 23,000
23,000 Malaysian
Malaysian
70,000
visitors arrived
arrived at
at the
the island
island by ferry
ferry in
in FebruFebruary 2013.
2013.
ary
Looking at
Looking
at the
the seascapes
seascapes in
in the
the region,
region,
one can
can observe
observe great
great differences
differences in
in the
the use
use
one
and
boats. Huge
and types
types of
of boats.
Huge air-conditioned
air-conditioned
ships
ships dominate
dominate the
the international
international shipping
shipping
fairways and
and the
the anchorages
anchorages of
of the
the SingaSingafairways
pore
while in
in other
other parts
parts of Singapore
Singapore
pore port,
port, while
and
and Johor people
people still
still move
move by
by bumboats.
bumboats.
Chinese
move among
Chinese sampans
sampans move
among the
the islands
islands
in the
the Riau
Archipelago.
in
Riau Archipelago.
The
The technological
technological changes
changes have
have radicalradically transformed
transformed the
the nature
nature of
of sea
sea travel,
travel, and
and
had great impact
had
impact on
on the
the shape
shape and
and function
function
ports and
and cities.
cities. The
The period
period from
from the
the XVI
XVI
of ports
to
to the
the mid
mid XIX
XIX century
century in
in Southeast
Southeast Asia
Asia and
and
the
known as
the world
world is
is known
as the
the Age
Age of
of Sail;
Sail; human
human
migration and
migration
and international
international trade
trade from
from the
the
Arab
India, China
Arab world,
world, India,
China and
and Europe
Europe reached
reached
Singapore
Singapore and
and the
the region
region by
by sailboats.
sailboats. DurDuring
ing the
the first
first half of
of the
the XIX
XIX century
century more
more effiefficient
cient steam
steam ships
ships and
and ocean
ocean liners
liners gradually
gradually
replaced sailboats,
replaced
sailboats, and
and subsequently other
other
new techniques
new
techniques and
and technologies
technologies contincontinued
ued to
to transform
transform the
the nature
nature of sea
sea transport.
transport.
Among the
the most
most important,
important, the
the containericontaineriAmong
zation of
of the
the 1960s
1960s was
was aa logistic
logistic revolution
revolution
zation
that enabled
enabled globalization
globalization and
and escalation
escalation of
of
that
cargo shipping.
shipping. Around
Around the
the same
same time,
time, with
with
cargo
the advent
advent of
of air
air travel,
travel, line
line voyages
voyages nearly
nearly
the
ceased to
to exist.
exist. These
These changes
changes also
also revorevoceased
lutionized the
the character
character of
of the
the port
port and
and its
its
lutionized
interaction with
with the
the city.
city. In
In Singapore
Singapore and
and
interaction
other port
port cities,
cities, this
this has
has been
been aa movement
movement
other
from the
the times
times when
when port
port and
and waterfront
waterfront
from
presented commercial
commercial and
and cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
presented
centres, to
to the
the present
present day
day when
when the
the port
port
centres,
and the
the sea
sea have
have became
became logistic
logistic territories
territories
and
at the
the periphery
periphery of
of public
public perception.
perception.
at
Political
Political history
history of
of the
the sea
sea region
region is
is
equally
equally crucial,
crucial, as
as itit gives
gives an
an insight
insight into
into the
the
changing nature
nature of
of maritime
maritime borders.
borders. The
The
changing
colonial period
period was
was marked
marked by
by aa bipolar
bipolar popocolonial
litical
litical geography
geography in
in the
the region:
region: after
after the
the AnAnglo-Dutch Treaty
Treaty of
of 1824,
1824, Riau
Riau Archipelago
Archipelago
glo-Dutch
was controlled
controlled by
by the
the Dutch
Dutch with
with their
their port
port
was
in
in Tanjung
Tanjung Pinang,
Pinang, rivalled
rivalled by
by the
the British
British in
in
Singapore
Singapore and
and Johor.
Johor. The
The flows
flows of
of goods
goods in
in
the Singapore
Singapore Straits
Straits were
were highly
highly regulated
regulated
the
at
at the
the time,
time, but
but in
in terms
terms of
of people
people flows
flows the
the
territory
territory was
was borderless.
borderless. There
There were
were no
no passpassports
ports and
and everyday
everyday movement
movement by
by sea
sea was
was
prevalent. Ferry
Ferry connections
connections between
between Johor
Johor
prevalent.
Bahru
Bahru and
and Singapore
Singapore as
as well
well as
as Singapore,
Singapore,
Batam
Batam and
and Tanjung
Tanjung Pinang,
Pinang, where
where frequent
frequent
and
and small
small boats
boats could
could be
be rented
rented for
for shorter
shorter
distances
distances and
and travels
travels across
across the
the Strait.
Strait.
With
With the
the events
events of
of the
the 1963-66
1963-66 ConfronConfrontation
tation and
and of
of Singapore's
Singapores independence
independence in
in
1965,
1965, the
the fluid
fluid character
character of
of the
the border
border was
was
replaced
replaced by
by attempts
attempts to
to establish
establish national
national
sovereignties
sovereignties over
over maritime
maritime space.
space. The
The gradgradual
ual introduction
introduction of
of national
national borders
borders also
also rereflected
flected in
in new
new ways
ways of
of water
water transport.
transport. The
The
flexible,
flexible, small-scale
small-scale boats
boats were
were replaced
replaced by
by
large-scale,
large-scale, directional
directional ferry
ferry connections.
connections. ToTodays
days ferry
ferry terminals
terminals function
function as
as intermodal
intermodal
interchanges, immigration
immigration checkpoints
checkpoints and
and
interchanges,
commercial centers
centers (with
(with shopping
shopping malls,
malls,
commercial
casinos, etc.);
etc.); they
they generally
generally have
have no
no pubpubcasinos,
lic waterfront.
waterfront. The
The immigration
immigration control
control proprolic
cedures the
the fingerprints,
fingerprints, passport
passport scans,
scans,
cedures
check-in and
and boarding,
boarding, etc.
etc. have
have added
added to
to
check-in
the formalization
formalization of
of the
the water
water transport.
transport. The
The
the
ferries follow
follow fixed
fixed routes
routes and
and cross
cross the
the ininferries
ternational shipping
shipping fairway
fairway on
on designated
designated
ternational
crossing points.
points. With
With aa capacity
capacity of
of up
up to
to 250
250
crossing
passengers, they
they travel
travel at
at speed
speed of
of 28
28 knots
knots
passengers,
(50 km/
km/h).
They serve
serve different
different uses,
uses, from
from
(50
h). They
business to
to weekend
weekend leisure
leisure trips.
trips.
business
By
By contrast
contrast to
to the
the increasingly
increasingly rigid
rigid patpatterns of
of public
public movement
movement across
across the
the Straits,
Straits,
terns
the transfer
transfer of
of goods
goods in
in the
the region
region was
was simsimthe
plified through
through the
the introduction
introduction of
of special
special
plified
economic zones
zones the
the new
new borderless
borderless tertereconomic
ritories and
and free-flow
free-flow regimes
regimes of
of globalized
globalized
ritories
production and
and trade.
trade. Thus,
Thus, in
in less
less than
than fifty
fifty
production
years since
since the
the independence
independence of
of Singapore,
Singapore,
years
the character
character of
of movement
movement across
across the
the sea
sea in
in
the
the region
region has
has been
been reversed:
reversed: from
from aa flexible
flexible
the
and open
open transport
transport based
based on
on smaller
smaller boats,
boats,
and
to an
an increasingly
increasingly rigid
rigid and
and directional
directional type
type
to
of movement.
movement.
of
The
The goal
goal of
of the
the project
project has
has been
been to
to exexplore possibilities
possibilities for
for aa new
new model
model of
of water
water
plore
based public
public transport
transport in
in the
the trinational
trinational rerebased
gion. The
The specific
specific interest
interest has
has been
been in
in the
the
gion.
possibility of
of small
small scale,
scale, flexible
flexible connecconnecpossibility
tions (smaller
(smaller boats,
boats, longer
longer waterfronts,
waterfronts, flexflextions
ible embarkation
embarkation and
and disembarkation)
disembarkation) that
that
ible
could complement
complement the
the existing
existing transport
transport
could
networks.
networks. The
The project
project provides
provides arguments
arguments
for the
the productive
productive role
role of
of water
water transport
transport
for
for the
the region,
region, in
in its
its ability
ability to
to raise
raise appeal
appeal
for
and
and value
value of
of living,
living, work
work and
and leisure
leisure in
in the
the
cross-border
cross-border metropolis.
metropolis. The
The project
project exexplores ways
ways in
in which
which water
water transport
transport can
can be
be
plores
seen as
as an
an element
element of
of region's
regions identity
identity and
and
seen
cultural
cultural heritage.
heritage.
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
56
56
Introduction
Introduction
57
57
infrastructures and
and services.
services. Their incremenincremental growth
growth would
would be desirable,
desirable, but they often
often
tal
fall victim
victim to industrial
expansion and
and tourtourfall
industrial expansion
ism.
ism.
The shift from
from traditional
traditional archipelagic
archipelagic
focused on
on the
the sea,
sea,
culture of settlements focused
thinking and
and apapto the modern
modern land-based
land-based thinking
proach
and development,
development, has
proach to planning
planning and
made life on
on mainland
attractive. The
The
mainland more
more attractive.
heritage of the archipelago
archipelago should
should thus
thus be
be
seen as the specific
specific asset for the regions
seen
region's
and identity.
culture and
identity.
the project has been
to explore
explore aa
The goal
goal of the
been to
common vision
vision for preservation
common
preservation of the marimaritrinational region,
cutime culture of the trinational
region, by curating
archipelago.
rating sites of memory in
in the archipelago.
I I
_ __ _
sail
1535. Next to the
sail beyond Kota
Kota Tinggi in 1535.
indigenous Malay,
Malay, diverse ethnic groups
from China,
Thailand and
and Java
Java setChina, Mongolia, Thailand
tled in the region.
region. From the XVI
XVI to mid
mid XIX
century, in the period
period of international
international mariand warfare known as the Age of
time trade and
Sail, the Europeans arrived
and
arrived in the region
region and
founded their ports.
ports. These continuous migration flows and
and cultural
cultural crossovers in
in the
archipelago have created
and specific
created a rich and
cultural
cultural heritage.
in
Not many sites of history and
and memory in
and accessible.
accessible. Due to
the region are known and
their often remote locations on small
small islands,
islands,
they are removed
removed from public view and
and
semi-forgotten.
semi-forgotten. The preserved
preserved heritage sites
include for example the Raffles Lighthouse,
Lighthouse,
and the
the Kusu and the Sisters
Sister's islands,
islands, and
Island, with
mosque, the forPenyengat Island,
with its mosque,
mer fort and the residence of the sultan
sultan ruling over the Malay-Bugis Kingdom
Kingdom in
in the late
XVIII century. Other sites such
XVIII
such as the Fort
Canning Lighthouse and
Long Ya
Men
Canning
and the Long
Ya Men
rock have been
even in
been rebuilt, occasionally even
in
station
a different location. The quarantine station
John's Island, the recreational
recreational facilion Saint Johns
facilities on Pulau
Pulau Damar Laut,
Laut, and
and schools and
and
Southern Islands have
cemeteries on other Southern
lost.
been lost.
Riau, there are areas and
and relationships
In Riau,
that are exceptional
exceptional in the fact that they still
still
convey the more traditional
traditional form
form of archiHere, children
children take boats to
pelago culture. Here,
the next island
island to reach
reach school,
school, mosques are
the places of public life even
even on
on the smallsmallislands, houses are built on stilts on
on
est of islands,
the shore and
between island
island
and boats connect between
communities.
island communities
The future of these island
in the archipelago is uncertain; they are alin the
ready to various degrees subsumed
subsumed in
urban economy and
modern
urban
and dependent on
on modern
- -
." F
'
=
_
- '
.
3-
'
-22
_ _"_-L__
. _'_,,-._"'I-u:Iv- '.
'|""'-"-2-
1-.
_'
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:
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_
'
I" _-__1_
-
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__
--4--'5-'-1'3 -
Sea Urbanism
Sea
Urbanism -Reinventing Urban
Urban Life
Life on
on the
the Sea
Sea
Reinventing
Every year
year 120,000
120,000 vessels
vessels pass
pass through
through the
the
Malacca and
and the
the Singapore
Singapore Straits,
Straits, carrying
carrying
Malacca
one quarter
quarter of
of the
the world's
worlds cargo
cargo and
and makmakone
ing itit one
one of
of the
the busiest
busiest shipping
shipping routes
routes in
in
ing
the world.
world. The
The southern
southern end
end of
of the
the Malacca
the
Malacca
Strait is
is formed
formed by
by aa tight
tight passage
passage through
through
Strait
the Singapore
Singapore Strait,
Strait, connecting
connecting the
the Indian
the
Indian
Ocean with
with the
the South
South China
China Sea
Sea and
and the
the
Ocean
Pacific, and
and linking
linking the
the major
major Asian
Asian econoeconoPacific,
mies, India,
China, Japan
Japan and
and South
South Korea.
Korea.
mies,
India, China,
The maximum
size of
of aa vessel
vessel that
that can
can make
make
The
maximum size
passage through
through the
the Strait
Strait is
is referred
referred to
to as
as
passage
Malaccamax;
Malaccamax; bigger boats
boats have
have to
to take
take aa
through the
the Lombok
Lombok Strait,
Strait, Makassar
Makassar
detour through
Strait or
or other
other passages
passages through
through the
the islands
islands
Strait
of
Indonesia.
of Indonesia.
Due
Due to
to its
its favorable
favorable natural
natural conditions
conditions
and
and deep
deep water,
water, the
the Singapore
Singapore Strait
Strait and
and
the port
became one
one of
of the
the most
most important
important
the
port became
shipping
shipping nodes.
nodes. At
At any
any time,
time, there
there are
are about
about
1,000
1,000 vessels
vessels within
within the
the port
port limits
limits of
of the
the
Maritime and
and Port
of Singapore
Singapore
Maritime
Port Authority of
(MPA). This
This fleet
fleet of
of container
container ships,
ships, oil
oil tanktank(MPA).
ers
ers and
and cruise
cruise ships
ships creates
creates an
an astonishing
astonishing
density
density resembling
resembling aa floating
floating city.
city. ComparComparing the
the footprint
footprint of
of buildings
buildings in
in the
the city
city parts
parts
ing
overlooking
overlooking the
the Strait
Strait with
with the
the footprints
footprints of
of
vessels
vessels on
on the
the water,
water, one
one begins
begins to
to read
read the
the
water
water and
and the
the land
land as
as one
one continuous
continuous urban
urban
fabric.
fabric.
This
This urban
'urban sea
sea' also
also forms
forms an
an autonoautonomous
mous urban
urban territory,
territory, with
with restricted
restricted enentrance
trance points,
points, designated
designated traffic
traffic lanes
lanes and
and
crossing
crossing routes,
routes, highly
highly separated
separated uses
uses and
and
user populations.
populations. In
In order
order to
to facilitate
facilitate the
the
vast amount
amount of
of traffic,
traffic, the
the Singapore
Singapore Strait
Strait is
is
aa highly regulated
regulated space.
space. In
In 1971,
1971, an
an agreeagreement took
took effect
effect between
between Singapore,
Singapore, MaMalaysia
laysia and
and Indonesia
Indonesia to
to coordinate
coordinate vessel
vessel
movement
movement in
in the
the Malacca
Malacca and
and the
the SingaSinga-
''
__=__J_
I-T
I_
"
_
_ __
'
'_ '_'-
pore Straits.
Straits. In
In 1994,
1994, this
this regional
regional cooperacooperapore
tion was
was extended
extended trough
trough the
the United
United Nations
Nations
tion
Convention on
on the
the Law
Law of
of the
the Sea,
Sea, granting
granting
Convention
the right
right of
of transit
transit and
and innocent
innocent passage
passage to
to
the
all ships.
ships. The
The passageways
passageways are
are further
further impleimpleall
mented by
by the
the Traffic
Traffic Separation
Separation Scheme,
Scheme,
mented
system of
of street-like
street-like traffic
traffic corridors
corridors proproaa system
jected onto
onto the
the water.
water. In
In order
order for
for any
any forforjected
eign vessel
vessel to
to access
access Singapore's
Singapores waters,
waters,
eign
pilot, knowledgeable
knowledgeable of
of the
the conditions
conditions of
of
aa pilot,
the port,
port, has
has to
to enter
enter the
the boat
boat and
and navigate
navigate
the
its way
way through
through the
the harbour.
harbour. Arriving
Arriving ships
ships
its
and boats
boats are
are parked
parked in
in designated
designated anchoranchorand
age
age zones,
zones, or
or unshipped
unshipped at
at ports
ports and
and jetjetties. These
These various
various zones,
zones, their
their strict
strict regimes
regimes
ties.
of use
use and
and highly
highly dense
dense activities,
activities, coin
coin the
the
of
space of
of the
the Strait
Strait as
as urban
urban and
and as
as prime
prime
space
illustration
illustration of
of the
the phenomenon
phenomenon of
of urbanizaurbanization of
of the
the sea.
sea.
tion
While
While the
the commercial
commercial shipping
shipping and
and port
port
activities continue
continue to
to grow
grow and
and compete
compete
activities
for
for water
water surface
surface and
and costal
costal access
access in
in all
all
three
three countries
countries in
in the
the region,
region, there
there are
are also
also
other users
users at
at urban
urban sea.
sea. Oil
Oil tankers,
tankers, cargo
cargo
other
ships and
and bulk
bulk carriers
carriers are
are intermingling
intermingling
ships
with
with cruise
cruise ships
ships and
and passenger
passenger ferries,
ferries, in
in
total
total representing
representing an
an offshore
offshore population
population of
of
roughly 10,000
10,000 to
to 20,000
20,000 individuals.
individuals. The
The
roughly
population
population flows
flows between
between the
the sea
sea and
and land
land
are
are subject
subject to
to different
different logics
logics and
and protoprotocols
cols of
of immigration
immigration control;
control; the
the permeabilpermeability
ity of
of the
the sea-land
sea-land boundary
boundary is
is continuously
continuously
fine-tuned.
fine-tuned. While
While cruise
cruise ship
ship terminals
terminals ofoffer
fer immigration-on-demand
immigration-on-demand to
to the
the arriving
arriving
tourists,
tourists, supply
supply boats
boats operate
operate 24-7
24-7 to
to deliver
deliver
medicine,
medicine, food
food and
and mail
mail to
to cargo
cargo ships
ships who's
whos
crews
crews are
are generally
generally not
not allowed
allowed to
to enter
enter forforeign
eign territory.
territory.
The
The changing
changing port-city
port-city relationship
relationship over
over
time
time transformed
transformed urban
urban physiognomies
physiognomies and
and
characters
characters of
of cities
cities worldwide.
worldwide. The
The evolution
evolution
of
of Singapore's
Singapores port
port was
was greatly
greatly influenced
influenced
by the
the remaking
remaking of
of the
the political
political geography
geography
by
of the
the region,
region, as
as well
well as
as technological
technological revorevoof
lutions. Artist
Artist Allan
Allan Sekula
Sekula observed
observed that
that
lutions.
since technological
technological inventions
inventions like
like steam
steam
since
boats and
and logistic
logistic improvements
improvements like
like the
the
boats
container, the
the logics
logics of
of port
port logistics
logistics and
and
container,
cargo handling
handling changed
changed dramatically.
dramatically. The
The
cargo
replacement of
of manual
manual labor
labor by
by cranes
cranes and
and
replacement
the deepening
deepening of
of port
port areas
areas for
for bigger
bigger ships
ships
the
emptied (dehumanized)
(dehumanized) the
the port
port facilities
facilities
emptied
and created
created logistic
logistic hubs
hubs along
along the
the coast.
coast.
and
The containerization
containerization of
of the
the 1960s
1960s was
was aa loloThe
gistic revolution
revolution that
that enabled
enabled escalation
escalation of
of
gistic
cargo shipping
shipping in
in Singapore.
Singapore. Around
Around the
the
cargo
same time,
time, with
with the
the advent
advent of
of air
air travel,
travel, line
line
same
voyages nearly
nearly ceased
ceased to
to exist.
exist. These
These influinfluvoyages
ences marked
marked an
an urban
urban transition
transition from
from the
the
ences
times when
when Singapore's
Singapores port
port and
and the
the waterwatertimes
front presented
presented commercial
commercial urban
urban cores
cores and
and
front
most cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan parts
parts of
of the
the city,
city, to
to the
the
most
present day
day when
when the
the port
port and
and the
the sea
sea have
have
present
became largely
largely invisible
invisible logistic
logistic territories
territories
became
at the
the periphery
periphery of
of public
public perception.
perception.
at
A
A parallel
parallel phenomenon
phenomenon with
with great
great imimpact on
on life
life by
by and
and with
with the
the sea
sea was
was the
the forforpact
mation of
of the
the maritime
maritime national
national borders
borders that
that
mation
gradually took
took effect
effect in
in the
the region
region during
during the
the
gradually
1960s. The
The combined
combined demands
demands of
of industry,
industry,
19605.
logistics and
and globalized
globalized trade
trade contributed
contributed to
to
logistics
their strengthening.
strengthening. Together
Together with
with industrial
industrial
their
and port
port facilities,
facilities, national
national security
security installainstallaand
tions occupy
occupy large
large stretches
stretches of
of the
the coastline
coastline
tions
separating the
the city
city from
from the
the sea.
sea. The
The highly
highly
separating
secured and
and utilized
utilized national
national waters
waters de
de facto
facto
secured
function as
as an
an extended
extended borderzone,
borderzone, which
which
function
stretches
stretches from
from the
the sea
sea onto
onto the
the land:
land: the
the
maritime borders
borders in
in the
the region
region have
have their
their reremaritime
flection the
the land.
land.
flection
The
The skyline
skyline of
of downtown
downtown Singapore
Singapore and
and
the
the skyline
skyline of
of vessels
vessels in
in the
the deep-water
deep-water echo
echo
each other:
other: two
two distinct
distinct worlds,
worlds, visually
visually conconeach
nected, virtually
virtually cut
cut off.
off. The
The psychological
psychological
nected,
distance
distance among
among the
the three
three cities,
cities, Singapore,
Singapore,
Batam
Batam and
and Johor
Johor is
is great;
great; instead
instead of
of uniting
uniting
the region,
region, the
the sea
sea separates.
separates.
the
The
The goal
goal of
of the
the project
project has
has been
been to
to rethink
rethink
the
the sea
sea space
space and
and the
the coastlines
coastlines in
in the
the
trinational region,
region, as
as space
space that
that can
can perform
perform
trinational
urban
urban public
public functions;
functions; aa space
space of
of public
public enencounter,
counter, business,
business, cultural
cultural exchange,
exchange, leisure,
leisure,
aa cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan space.
space. The
The sea
sea and
and the
the ports
ports
in
in the
the region
region used
used to
to hold
hold these
these public
public funcfunctions
tions in
in the
the past;
past; the
the project
project therefore
therefore conconsiders
siders how
how some
some of
of those
those qualities
qualities can
can be
be
reclaimed
reclaimed in
in the
the present.
present.
Sources
Sources
455
455
Sources
Sources
Unless stated
stated otherwise,
otherwise, all
all diagrams
diagrams and
and photographs
photographs are
are
original to
to this book.
book. Original
Original photographs
are the
the work of
of
original
photographs are
instructors
and students
students of Architecture
Architecture of Territory
Territory during
during
instructors and
the autumn
autumn semester 2014.
2014. All
All satellite images
images are
are taken
taken
the
from Google
Google Maps
and Google
Google Earth.
Earth.
from
Maps and
The maps
maps presented
in this
this volume
volume are
are based
based on
on the
the
presented in
(digital) map data
data collection
collection Architecture
Architecture of
of Territory:
Territory: SinSin(digital)
which was
was assembled
assembled by ETH
ETH
gapore Metropolitan
Metropolitan Region
Region which
Zrich Assistant
Assistant Professorship
of Architecture
Architecture and
and TerritoTerritoZurich
Professorship of
rial
Topalovic, in
in the
the period
of 2011-15,
201115, at
at the
the
rial Planning,
Planning, M.
M. Topalovic,
period of
Future Cities
Cities Laboratory in
in Singapore.
Singapore.
map data
data collection
collection was
was created
created in
in order
order to
to visualvisualThis map
ize and
and thus help imagine,
imagine, discuss
discuss and
and research
research the
the urban
urban
and urbanization
urbanization process
process of the
the trinationa|
tri-national
characteristics and
metropolitan
centred in
in Singapore.
Singapore. It
It is
is the
the result
result of
of
metropolitan region
region centred
an extensive
extensive collection
collection of map information
information originating
originating from
from
an
different sources,
sources, including
including existing
existing planning
documents
different
planning documents
provided
authorities in
in three
three countries,
countries, commercommerprovided by local
local authorities
data as
as well
well as
as open
open source
source maps.
maps.
cially available map
map data
significant are:
are: TomTom
TomTom Navigation
GIS
The most significant
Navigation GIS
System) Data
Data of
of Johor
Johor State
State
(Geographic Information
Information System)
Malaysia, Commercial
Commercial geo-referenced
geo-referenced Information
Information data
data
Malaysia,
purchased in
in 2012;
2012; Open
Open Street
Street Map
Map (OSM),
(OSM), Open
Open source
source
purchased
geo-referenced Information
Information data
data retrieved
retrieved in
in the
the period
period of
of
geo-referenced
201115; Singapore
Singapore Master
Master and
and Concept
Concept Planning
Planning DocuDocu2011-15;
ments (2008-2014)
(20082014) Urban
Urban Redevelopment
Redevelopment Authority
Authority (URA)
(URA)
ments
Ministry of
of National
National Development
Development (MND),
(MND), for
for proposed
proposed
Ministry
Land Use;
Use; Spatial
Spatial Plan
Plan of
of Batam,
Batam, Bintan,
Bintan, Karimun
Karimun Free
Free Trade
Trade
Land
Zones, Rencana
Rencana Tata
Tata Ruang
Ruang Kawasan
Kawasan Free
Free Trade
Trade Zones
Zones
Zones,
Batam, Bintan,
Bintan, Karimun
Karimun (RTRW
(RTRW FTZ
FTZ BBK)
BBK) Indonesia
Indonesia Free
Free
Batam,
Zone Authority
Authority (BIFZA)
(BIFZA) 2009;
2009; Batam,
Batam, Bintan
Bintan and
and Karimun
Karimun
Zone
Spatial Development
Development Plan
Plan 2004-2014,
20042014, Rencana
Rencana Tata
Tata Ruang
Ruang
Spatial
Batam, Bintan
Bintan dan
dan Karimun
Karimun (RTRW
(RTRW BBK
BBK 2004-2014),
20042014), 2008
2008
Batam,
and 2011;
2011; Batam
Batam Spacial
Spacial Development
Development Plan,
Plan, Peta
Peta Rencana
Rencana
and
Pola Ruang
Ruang Kabupaten
Kabupaten Batam
Batam (RTRW
(RTRW Batam),Bappeda
Batam),Bappeda Bata,
Bata,
Pola
2008; Bintan
Bintan Spacial
Spacial Development
Development Plan,
Plan, Peta
Peta Rencana
Rencana Pola
Pola
2008;
Ruang Kabupaten
Kabupaten Bintan
Bintan (RTRW
(RTRW Bintan),
Bintan), Bappeda
Bappeda KabuKabuRuang
paten Bintan,
Bintan, 2007.
2007.
paten
We
We apologize
apologize for
for missing
missing credits,
credits, which
which were
were not
not subsubmitted by
by the
the authors
authors of
of respective
respective chapters
chapters by
by the
the date
date
mitted
this book
book was
was printed.
printed.
this
Introduction
Introduction
p.14-p.70
p.14-p.70
Maps
EE
p.14-15:
of Southeast
Southeast Asian
Asian States
States
p.14-15: Map
Map of
(1776)
(1776) The
The Traiphum
Traiphum manuscript.
manuscript.
Berlin.
Museum
Museum of
of Asian
Asian Art,
Art, Berlin.
p.24-25, 28,
p.24-25,
28, 48:
48: Architecture
Architecture of Territory
Territory
p.38-39: Metropolitan
p.38-39:
Metropolitan Parks,
Parks, Luca
Luca Bazelli
Bazelli
and
and Matthias
Matthias Mueller
Mueller
p.40-41:
Simone Michel
Michel and
and
p.40-41: Urban
Urban Fishing,
Fishing, Simone
Anna-Katharina
Anna-Katharina Zahler
Zahler
p.42-43: Network of
Increased Accessibility,
p.42-43:
of Increased
Accessibility,
Barras and
Sarah
Sarah Barras
and Benjamin
Benjamin Blocher
Blocher
p.44-45: Riau
p.44-45:
Riau Archipelago
Archipelago Heritage
Heritage Park,
Park,
Manuel
Manuel Crepaz and
and Martino
Martino Iorno
Iorno
p.46-47: Oceanopolis,
p.46-47:
Oceanopolis, Alessio
Alessio De
De Gottardi
Gottardi
Panos Coucopoulos
and
and Panos
Coucopoulos
Statistics
Statistics
p.26-27: Urbanisation
p.26-27:
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 1900:
1900:
Longman Atlas:
Longman
Atlas: Singapore
Singapore and
and the
the
World,
Education Asia
Ltd,
World, Pearson
Pearson Education
Asia Pte.
Pte. Ltd,
2005.
2005.
p.26-27: Urbanisation
p.26-27:
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 19001900
1950:
1950: Longman
Longman Atlas:
Atlas: Singapore
Singapore and
and the
the
World,
Education Asia
World, Pearson
Pearson Education
Asia Pte.
Pte. Ltd,
Ltd,
2005
2005 and
and Lionel
Lionel Wigmore,
Wigmore, Australia
Australia in
in
the
the War
War of 1939-1945
19391945 Volume
Volume IV
IV
The
The
Japanese
Japanese Thrust,
Thrust, the
the Australian
Australian War
War MeMemorial,
morial, 1957.
1957.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: Urbanisation
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 19501950
1990: Longman
Longman Atlas:
Atlas: Singapore
Singapore and
and
1990:
the World,
World, Pearson
Pearson Education
Education Asia
Asia Pte.
Pte.
the
Ltd,
Ltd, 2005
2005 and
and Johor
Johor Urban
Urban Sprawl,
Sprawl, MuMuhammad
hammad Azahar
Azahar Zikri
Zikri Zahari,
Zahari, UTM-Low
UTM-Low
Carbon Asia
Asia Research
Research Centre,
Centre, Faculty
Faculty of
of
Carbon
Built
Built Environment,
Environment, Universiti
Universiti Teknologi
Teknologi
Malaysia,
Malaysia, 2014.
2014.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: Urbanisation
Urbanisation Process,
Process, SIJORI
SIJORI 19901990
2011:
2011: Johor
Johor Urban
Urban Sprawl,
Sprawl, Muhammad
Muhammad
Azahar
Azahar Zikri
Zikri Zahari,
Zahari, UTM-Low
UTM-Low Carbon
Carbon
Asia Research
Research Centre,
Centre, Faculty
Faculty of
of Built
Built EnEnAsia
vironment,
vironment, Universiti
Universiti Teknologi
Teknologi Malaysia,
Malaysia,
2014.
2014.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: GDP
GDP Comparison:
Comparison: Toh
Toh Mun
Mun Heng,
Heng,
and
and Jiang
Jiang B0.
Bo. The
The SIJORI
SIJORI Cross-Border
Cross-Border
Region
Region as
as an
an Economic
Economic Entity
Entity in
in 1990
1990
and
and 2012,
2012, and
and Perspectives
Perspectives for
for 2030",
2030,
forthcoming.
forthcoming.
p.
p. 26-27:
26-27: Population
Population Growth
Growth and
and Changing
Changing
Demographics:
Demographics: Ananta,
Ananta, Aris.
Aris. The
The PopuPopulation
lation of
of the
the S|JOR|
SIJORI Cross-Border
Cross-Border ReRegion,
gion, forthcoming.
forthcoming.
Image Credits
Credits
Image
p.1-8: Princen,
Princen, Bas
Bas (2015)
(2015)
p.1-8:
p.49-53: Krautzig,
Krautzig, Stefanie
Stefanie (2014)
(2014)
p.49-53:
p.54-69:
p.54-69: Princen,
Princen, Bas
Bas (2015)
(2015)
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
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the FCL,
SinThanks to everybody at the
FCL, NUS
NUS in
in Singapore, Johor and
and Batam
who supported
supported our
gapore,
Batam who
and helped
along the way.
way. Special
Special
work and
helped us along
from Johor,
Johor, Stephen
Stephen from
from SinSinthanks to Elvis from
and Ivan
from Batam
comgapore and
Ivan from
Batam for your company and
and showing
showing us the city.
city.
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State Department
of
Fishery; For
Fishery;
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Indonesia: Fishery Authority
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(Dinas
(Dinas Perikanan)
Perikanan) Riau
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Haji Munir
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Mr Teh
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Mr
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Mr
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Fakhri Rakhmathulla,
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Guillaume Drillet,
Drillet, APAC
APAC Aquaculture,
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DHI
Guillaume
Water &
& Environment,
Environment, Singapore,
Singapore, 2014.
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Joseph Antoneli,
Antoneli, Sales
Sales Manager
Manager and
and Fish
Fish
Joseph
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Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements
We want
want to
to thank
thank all
all the
the people
people at
at the
the FCL,
FCL,
We
NUS and
and in
in Singapore,
Singapore, Johor
Johor and
and Riau
Riau ArchiArchiNUS
pelago who
who supported
supported us
us in
in our
our work
work and
and
pelago
made
made our
our stay
stay unforgettable.
unforgettable.
A special
special thanks
thanks to
to Milica
Milica Topalovic,
Topalovic, Stefanie
Stefanie
A
Krautzig and
and Hans
Hans Hortig,
Hortig, who
who supported
supported us
us
Krautzig
with
with an
an incredible
incredible effort,
effort, knowledge
knowledge and
and enenthusiasm.
thusiasm.
Also
Also aa special
special thanks
thanks to
to Yulhendri
Yulhendri
Mubarak, Joseph
Joseph Antonelli,
Antonelli, Hong
Hong Ching
Ching Goh,
Goh,
Mubarak,
Loon Wai
Wai Chau,
Chau, Guillame
Guillame Drillet,
Drillet, Teh
Teh Kihua,
Kihua,
Loon
Budy
Budy Hartono,
Hartono, and
and Fakhri
Fakhri Rakhmatullah
Rakhmatullah for
for
the
the interesting
interesting talks
talks and
and for
for helping
helping us
us out
out
with information
information and
and connecting
connecting us
us with
with
with
other
other people.
people.
Thanks
Thanks also
also to
to Magnus
Magnus Nickl
Nickl and
and Bas
Bas
Princen
Princen for
for supporting
supporting us
us with
with their
their knowlknowledge.
edge.
Also
Also aa special
special thank
thank to
to Aleksander
Aleksander Rodin,
Rodin,
who
who skipped
skipped the
the Vivo
Vivo City
City Carol
Carol Contest
Contest just
just
to
to reread
reread our
our texts.
texts.
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
Maps
EIE
Iskandar Regional Development Authority
(IRDA)
(IRDA) (2011).
(2011). Integrated
Integrated Land
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J.
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J.,
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to everybody at the FCL, in Batam
Batam
supported our work and
and in Johor who supported
and
helped
helped us along
along the way.
special thanks to the Architecture
A special
of Territory Team: Milica Topalovic, Hans
Hortig, Stefanie Krautzig, for their involvehour-long discussions on
ment, inputs and
and hour-long
on
the research and project. Thank you
in parparyou in
ticular for the impeccable organization
organization of
the seminar week, which
which made us discover
the region in
in the best of ways.
ways.
providing us
A huge thanks to Magnus for providing
chocolate and ideas.
Also, thank to Revel, IT guy at FCL that
enough trouble trying
had enough
trying to rescue all
all the
laptops.
broken laptops.
drowned iPhone.
iPhone.
In memory of Benjamin's drowned
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History: The
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www.googlemaps.com.sg
www.googleearth.com
www.goog|eearth.com
www.visitbelakangpadang.com
www.visitbe|akangpadang.com
Architecture of Territory
Sea Region
Sources
Sources
Sea Urbanism
p.369-p.454
Books
Amenda,
Amenda, L.
L. (2011).
(2011). China-Towns
China-Towns and
and ContainContainer-Terminals. Global Networks and Urban
Urban
Patterns
Patterns in
in Port
Port Cities,
Cities, 18801980,
1880-1980, in:
in:
Hein,
Hein, C.
C. (Ed.),
(Ed.), Port
Port Cities
Cities and
and Networking,
Networking,
New York: Routledge, 43-53.
Koolhaas, R. (1995). Singapore Songlines:
Songlinesz
Portrait of a Potemkin Metropolis... or
Thirty years of Tabula Rasa, in Koolhaas
R.,
R., Mau
Mau B.
B. (Eds.),
(Eds.), S,
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L, XL,
XL, New
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Monacelli Press, 1008-89.
1008-89.
Nickl,
Nickl, M.,
M., Stecher,
Stecher, V.
V. (2014).
(2014). Sealand.
Sealand. SingaSingapore: Architecture of Territory.
Sekula,
Sekula, A.
A. (1996).
(1996). Fish
Fish Story.
Story. Kiel:
Kiel: Richter
Richter
Verlag.
www.mpa.com
www.
mpa.com
www.psa.com
www.
psa .com
www.marinetraffic.com
www.marinetraffic.com
www.batamfast.com
www.sindoferry.com.sg
www.mbccs.com.sg
www.
mbccs.com.sg
www.vesseltracker.com
www.vesse|tracker.com
www.ilo.org
www.i|o.org
www.sosea.com
www.sosea.com
www.singaporecruise.com.sg
www.singaporecruise.com.sg
www.mcw.gov.cy
www.
mcw.gov.cy
www.ship-technology.com\project
www.ship-techno|ogy.com\project
www.googlemaps.com
www.goog|emaps.com
www.belongnwindingroad.wordpress.com
www.belongnwindingroad.wordpress.com
www.imb.com
www.im
b.com
Articles
Gwin,
The Strait
Gwin, P.
P. (2007).
(2007). Dark
Dark Passage:
Passage: The
Strait of
of
Malacca. National Geographic Magazine.
Magazine.
Hoyle,
Hoyle, R.
R. (1989).
(1989). The
The Port-City
Port-City Interface:
Interface:
Trends, Problem and Examples.
Examples. Geoforum.
20 (4),
rum. 20
(4), 429435.
429-435.
Sander,
Sander, H.
H. A.,
A., Zhao,
Zhao, C.
C. (2015).
(2015). Urban
Urban green
green
and blue: Who values what and where?
Land Use Policy, 42 (1), 194-209.
Yeoh,
The UnYeoh, B.
B. (2006).
(2006). Bifurcated
Bifurcated Labour:
Labour: The
Unequal
equal Incorporation
Incorporation of
of Transmigrants
Transmigrants in
in
Singapore. Journal of Economic and Social Geography, 97
(1), 26-37.
97(1),
Image Credits
p.383: Charles Lim, Sea State:
State: Drift (Rope
Sketch),
2012.
Sketch), 2012.
p.397: Crew Supply Vessel
Vessel
(www.marinetraffic.com).
(www.marinetraf- fic.com).
p.398: Vehicle Carrier Vessel
Vessel
(www.marinetraffic.com).
(www.marinetraf- fic.com).
p.399:
Vessel and
and LPG Tanker
p.399: Fuel
Fuel Supply Vessel
Vessel (www.marinetraffic.com).
Vessel
(www.marinetraffic.com).
p.404:
Tanjong Pagar
1920, 1960
1960
p.404: Tanjong
Pagar 1920,
(belongn-windingroad.wordpress.com).
(belongn-windingroad.wordpress.com).
Maps
EE
p.404:
2014
p.404: URA
URA (2014).
(2014). Master
Master Plan
Plan 2014
p.404: Port 1920 (belongnwindingroad.wordpress.com)
press.com)
p.393-395, 397-399, 401, 408-409, 413, 419,
423,
423, 429-431,
429-431, 438-439,
438-439, 442-451:
442-451: is
is dedepicting the sea in its possible future form
using the same sources as stated in the
introduction to the sources of the book.
Interviews
Andi Irawan, Head of Economic and Natural
Resources Development Sub Division,
Regional Development Planning
Planning Agency,
Agency,
Riau Island Province.
Cpt. Cheng Hai Lim, MPA.
Ebadach, Rahi, Seafarers Harbourmaster
Tanjung Pinang.
Batu Ampar Harbourmaster, Batam.
Swee Huat, Seafarer Maritime House Yoga.
Yoga.
Internet
International Maritime Bureau (IMB): Piracy
Reporting Centre. http://www.icc-ccs.
(accessed
org/piracy-reportingcentre> (accessed
October 2014).
www.wikipedia.org
www.ura.gov.sg
Acknowledgements
and
Thanks to everybody at the FCL, NUS and
in Singapore who supported
and
supported our work and
helped
helped us along the way.
460
460
~-.
.._-
ia...
__
i-|.
A
I,r-,'
- i
ili.ri'_I':I--:tLiri.*-:1-I Ttirl-".i.'.i";.'
E-11.: Ping:-:-n
f.'lH .i.'I.1rir.|'
F'ri:ijrIr: 5
SI'n!III.-I--III II:I.1ur:ni;1
METROPOLITAN
NATURE
The Role of Nature
bir
Luca Bazelli
I-I:'i-'.'.I'II-u-5 Mueiier
11.12
p.-ll.-II
What Remains
lgnored Value
Land Bantu. {pt-15:1
p-.16
11.24
111.50
Enclosed Land
Metropolitan Parks
Undefined Edge
Lhslable Protection tp.3l':il
This document is an intermediary research result. designed for noncommercial use. Do not copy. translate. publish. licence or sell the
D54
'.|.'El'.F.!. Pl
9-Hill-nfi
Illiioliaalt-1-II
II
Around one hundred and fifty years ago the region of Singapore.
Johor and the Riau Archipelago was almost entirely covered by rain
forest and mangrove wetlands. It was an environment of an enormous
concentration and diversity for countless species of plants and animals. Throughout the XIX and the XX centuries until today. the urban
growth put pressure on open space and on nature in all parts of the
region: in the cities. along the coastline. and on the marine ecosys-
of biodiversity but at the same time. the pressure to build along the
coastline is the highest.
The value of nature for society and the political practices related to
nature transformation and nature protection in the region seem to be
complex and unclear. Each of the countries uses its own logics and
The purpose of the project Ivletropolltan Nature has been to understand and describe the processes of urbanization of nature in the
region. After close examination, the project has identified and described four categories of nature which have emerged in the region's
development: Constructed Nature. Strategic Nature. Protected Nature
and Land Banks. Each of the four categories carries a strategic role for
liai-pumlniluri-I i
9"""l"'i""
"'-
Vvhat
Remains
After John Crawford travelled along the Johor Strait in 1825. he reported about the endless wood of the most magnificent timber. The
area of Singapore. Johor and Riau was covered with jungle. Today. the
three countries of Singapore. Malaysia and Indonesia remain megadiverse' countries. which means that they belong to a group of coun-
tries that harbour the majoriry of the earth's species and are therefore
considered extremely biodiverse.
With over twenty thousand species of flora and fauna. the trinational
region is among the most biod iverse in the world. Yet. what remains
today is only a fraction of what has previously existed. Altered land-
Jig
F.
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|:[su
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1923
undawunhduumuiiaaaraqran.
5" WW
1'
Ideal of the
Garden City
Managed green. frequent along the city's streets and medians, is
what meet eity dwellers in Singapore see every day. This type ef
greemed nature is far many the mast cemmen. if not the only, expesure to nature.
vival.
TlIII-Illlrllf ll f lll-1I=I"r
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ir:bnIit|.cI'tIluhufIIr:enIsIru-mdrnuter
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nllui-dl:rI.nHh1lIu1rul' Erwiurtnrlnth
l1l|:
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r}
|-'1-I1-:I|:I-c-II_a-1 haunt
runwZahaaan
Botanical Gurdnn
Tu-.~I
Urbnn park
ELI!"
03 km
-I-:-:u|:-I|ri--
High
Jaw:-.r.'s. !3rr.=Ir.r~
to tl'-I1 Siult-in Abu Biker Re-pal F'aln::n-. Imppaiun ulhru nrrly rna-inn designed Lnhnn path
I-1-I-II-:-I1"-I-Iii:-'r.|II1r.:hr
it-2|
SH hcrhtrru
1'!
|I'l'|'|I:||:|-it-lllfl hr-Hi."
Enclosed
Land
The water reservoir of Duriangl-tang is enclosed with a long fence and
thus, withdrawn from the neighbourhood. fer, a cutout opening in the
fence leads tothe lake. allowing children to informally use the reservoir as a fishing site.
|:u-In run.-in gt
En-:l-zi-H-:l.;.I-M1
rs
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ii;
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'.-;evpLr.=!_Eai-stlerir
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Indonesian citiet are olten lorono to oml'lil'Ll-I.-I nllen-co around lheir water re-etrrvoirsi
in order to protect thin-11 l'r-nrn illegal i:li.rt11ping of unite and water pollution. another
reservoir ieto protect rt lrone illegal cpnetrt:-ct.ion. l"ll:Mll'|.'Bf. pID|:tl'I- living |1.noeI:q.- lind way:
to Lee the reservoir: etrormelv for lieh-inn
and I'nIirr1rnn'ng
pollution
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l.Itl1-'isr:_naeol'-Ir-nor;
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Large dawn. ham-I bioln-nilzl dw-El I-itr bxrlu-ocina land. fragmantin-n ha-bitnx. ":9-ah-1-na
'|lF'*
Unde ned
Edge
The Johor River and its succeeding forests have been declared as for-
est reserves. protected areas for wildlife, ora and fauna. The Sungei
Eialunltcr forest is one example of an area protected by the Ministry
of Emrironment of Malaysia. Upon visiting the site. it appears that the
edge of the protected area is not marked or maintained. This is po-
tentially why one nds a stone quarry or a depot of metal waste in the
heart of mangrove forest.
lwluquuui-rluihlrnuln
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arnonr birds.
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B-Itetniieelnt'iull'ietee-eIlirIeuI'i!iereh'rI:rtlieu'eh-retidlilneedfetcoenei-eeiieuiere
et1heitIrfdeeeI.Eceteneniceih-eidtleeitee
elcrrcthecue-teieh-eiielraicreceiue
tercuciic-rt.
Ti'1euI:!eI1IIIer!."eeItIemI'|erIeieI:Iiiqtprcebeehedeheeleeortueeeleuiduv
uleee.
rtumeeeeruumntheriuee.
Peophh nunheuudnlhrrneere on
he-cII.le-:IfiebeeerllfI.Ileer1tI1,roeeet.teltfd1
hadonoeheutelcuanlleimreer-tdeetremieut
n:e:e.Te-tle1,rIl'reeoItiei:relie|utliei:'eiepe-tl
teeneuit:etIreorir:IuimI|ticcto:liienep-trreeEier-rtceeielet-icI.i'i-rettuiiett-ertrtrli.'irre
cineelieeienmitrltllrecldtoirn-eeeoletlho
Iedeeeeapingthehrttlheereecnamdeelf
ctei.eeee.
'!'?l5ll'l"'E"!.'.'..""."!"!"il'
5""""9'""
'
'V""""""""'
'5
ignored
Value
The Sungei Tebrau on the coast of Johor Bahru still maintains a few
patches of its natural coastline.
The master plan of Johor Bahru's future development shows that the
entire coastline will be reclaimed. developed or altered in the near
future.
"'
_
PHI
sane;
HF
*1
'..'!E!lE!!.!!'_'!
FINN
EIieci.inlI'iuHc-dlvenltvh|eple:eII.erIut.e1d-
tnuitldceepre-c:e:lI'ri:eeveteee'Ierv'Ilf-arr.
lng;vet.iIee-errudltererdeehvelepetiee
heveI.I\IiverletiI:lrInelIIhiE~te1'.piIlele'rtt.
elrrnrlrtehle-rIverit5r.F'toIeeIlngtheh1
|'.IIiI:heeufnI1dt|reerIeI1IireJ:IirIx3tI'eltI
edorounecuiuemnmqnmunb
heeplteneruntoffuhitudemtnimerul
me- 'ioItltI1.etlvenlt\rolrtIet'heeI1-tlhretl
lliehullptupnl.
'lItiaal1I1d.Qll!.tI|.l:Ietll!ae
Tiueffemrlllnllelevialeceeeeltrreieet
Iutehheet1rinudenelopnIu-n.I'et.therr-.ueIlerplen.updeledit121iiM.itoeretht1fre
te:llD'|i'.ilren'iehedieclItedftorn!l'ie1Il-
reeldttuderbdrethvelnpedwflireeitlerllel
I:er=rr|ei.e1peintheu'tvof.i-tif1eIr'BuIl'e'u.Frior
ntit.e-itlir'ruurhenleellntit1.ln2i1ii!.1l're.|eleu:t
pceemnierepoeiioneduulturrpmpempi
Meieweeer1ewe-toutitndeetlneIlen1ioeiIeitfleinfiprainreeiderletnprtfrern
leeneetpert-of'Il'Ie3urenllrHnrurhI'er1eIh-e
ht.e'lt|lnneentl=r:cenrteere'llpr~e-peril-ee.
Tl'*|F|f'lIl|'lII5i:iI3ed'I.wfrrI-etIeeehP'
hnnat-retreeoludir-tlrenicuducti-on
wut heepoitlrt-eeupte-eltdepreeu'ui'tu:
Iltiereneelrirtuhiodleeeehv.
EE
"UHF"
HERA!!!
lF|""""""'
l'I'lt"|i|e-
Dteelpltelve-celiaetb-etteIer1t.l1etIItn'teel+
tiring-1tHf!r-eli|i'iI:ItrIetI.Ire.Btl'ImTel:rI'I.I
.-
at. E.
.
i.es.lr.ei.EI|mm.%inr
Ti*IeH:enI:lerl:e-triceeliflettireunlerlletlitv
'
.'
-'1"-'-'
1.7-5
'1 .1
'I,'
-131
_j-=.__ ' ,
F.
-"-
'-'
Ihmvelut
leleleathleunrperlernoeeeouerorric
llD.A:ilereepei1n"He!erIIehItltIIeirttfee
nrutelhIlnrllIIieHrmporeeovent|evdop-
lrvepaele'Itl'ie|:-rete:litintrf1henel1.e'elen-
tfeetliettltieeienaleelerneelt-erleonlir
.ltirutE-lIurepictt.Ee-uettluunoritn
vh'oue'or-1L'eI.t1'refue:.ne|:Ierv:e:':-:popeeiecIftI'tel|l|!ir|tti:tr-nceeeeenloletenrceeicf
theln1pnI1eI'Ioeutiee'ireI'IIIee1l |m:laeI:liI:n
endmuui;etnenL'I'l1e|lIDAe-uethruilprth
tlietllte-roennothentleiheepeetlcfuoteih
enutltleeeloeirrr-errt.:1l'rtn.Ihee'IeIr:eI:er:lu:
rrrelte-I1'I-iI:i!IIeoIi:utl'letIiIon1etJt1'r
teuhleleltlirtelneenvber-v'ruetrtIlporncettI
iM.I-lI|$I:I:Iil1l
n1entirttrun:nuet.ti'repetoui-vednrlpbeeueri
I-Iieeveenenoifuernuutreoentrncat-ieot.
tldlhlhll-
'l'|I IhIlIlII..1IlHIT
rI:I.leplIeI'Ied1:IereIelItI-llIe'l1ei.reetInv.n-
gap-eee.E-lm'eIe:l.!Ieuer:-tit-reequeteee
dechetffIenoeihemdhnteeeeft.m.eet|eeelopm-entarune.
lecfgreei:hIereetIcdetIl-epei-eeredirreee-
__
'
.,.'Ii.-
~
.
l:Ire.'|.'-reentieI1IEI'r.IIIeneleet1ppe:ie-ct
tiull|evu'efetutelonu'Il'ieriver.premotee
l'tIepuImetilneihlltieu'evlrulnterte-
reetlvphutodevdcpieeenieutereee
'
''-F'*
352.;
lF|'''''"'''''
5''
E.eiilein!|.hlntttne
anerelrieuentlernunbercfpueueneheme
he-enIIltiuplet:IlnBeIInclt1I.Teritlu
Lknereiereerueoot-uetfiedemehp
rtIeI'IeLIi'hteI'elIrouui'IepeIi'I:e1lo-recur
I-ieell-rev-Ihueeidasziethertleneeeel-ab
Ilurlcelirirnpertenl.
ase5I_I-Ive
'lleechvewhenlH'Ii'u'eIetltevlIe:|eeceIr
iivrelinutnfereou-ei:i:.irrIrefevrI'eeitleI'e:.etl
eerrteIvirvqeefhl'iretenI1.HomIl'tetne|t
l'l'lI'|:I'liilI'IDiI1l1iirh't|l'IiIliI!li'iIIl.llf'llIiI-
eI.iei:1r.tutllleht|tnrg.t.orutrr1ferrrI.|l:-ilteien
r:etftertIru'I:Ireeeeidthtetioenfeeitltiee
1eItertr.lItvlIIeelIorrIItieiIh'e|e|en1ilthocettmltftnn.
TII'ilipL|rriele1l1-eiliueetmdtrnlthetlfitim
'IIie'I4:l:II:'lIIl1II'|:Il'i-'It1lr.eeui.lt'ieeleeu|.c|un-
ttueiootl-pouetrmenteur.rrr-ediutF::-i,|raruu
Ingduvleguteletilqnmweenul
tnenelleueltrutveelii-Elernl'JlnI'.lIterIl:Ire.
lJIrIhee|leeHneintllpeme.Ie-cmrre.ri-
iiuenddederedreveueteculeeherr
IIneIJlelreeI.Illl.lhee-eelhpeeetibe
at-edfton1l1'Iep1eI'neollheBeInlrei.iIIie1
Dee eettnuttiltllaerltmvthiclttteett-eeetlee
ue1heIlIeftrrhce.tneetetIe.
eriI'tt.irel|amt|erlrdph'rederolei1|Ieeervleue-IItle|epeuIettr-aeI:e-epl.u-eoceenmo-
deteoeveheon'ei:'rt.
9'|""l"'
5"
Tieele-p-:uliIei'.'iIe-en
The Logic
of the Green
After analysing the present condition. certain organizational logics of
nature in the trinational city are identifiable.
Each country has its own logic for each of the presented typologies
of these areas include: wealth. the amount of land available. population. and its relationship to neighbouring countries. Time is also an
important factor. Part of the areas of our category Land Banks used
to be protected fortv veers ago; some of the areas of Constructed
Nature used to be primarv forests.
-I
-R.
I-rlleqeireeliuwe-Isl
3-lrtvneporne-the-:
I-nerd
Ilillevlleople-eerie D-IDIII.
IuIrlIIl:Ir_1r-nnepore
I'
I-Bel
'l-'IIIIr%1IlH
teeamnamte:
I-I-en
IITJ.&il
7"""""' WV-
am
ltotttuen-e:t.ei.ti.ian
&oea'Iaor_e.ral~_lrm1
ilu
i
l'fII'eereoi'-lvpoifceuIeIeen:ir-opulaillc
pet'IeltIIHIrti.'n|ll=I'reeet1u-lileridlifdt
he-uuuwuekhiwddtewhpeo
-weplihelhdeettr ooeerblupelhd
(1
Ip%eI
rs.)
I.
|--..fH-.'.'L
Cenlnecte-tII'leti.I'e
j an
sw-=---
Ptetertteel elue
. 5_.;1',
Lu-damn
I are
..1E
Ill-I
iii:
Iljid
llli hllhi
I'|d-eelehetnheellnte
nihl
eialeererenrtel-reeuuntioelwlnoiu-net-eelv
iuriiicertl iecetior-refct-tfi-eolty.
Clceetnuudtvcerere ureuonuv
fewer-tetrlelc-neelitleieeeretnelnlruil-ml
eomlheeeepeierlieitobeprolerteed.
mhal
.4 ~~..e~
2- -*~..,,}
Hug
*-v
lf
IIeeHuI:l.F'rntet:Iet:|rIirtiea'euererkrI:ttvedeertoterhtlielinediheieh-eeedteieuoer
Ilelertelh-rllue
f.r~.__
__.-L
-.;
I
I _ _.--""'
Mill-ten:
ir
|r.-.1.
J.
-"
_ _ - .-
"
-I
I.
-I
ile|:hre'IeeInItI.e'eIt'|grlnr1-eneeeeeitllaiecr
Belvuuectdvtthefiotemlcff-utiuiuudru
mereu:|enlIcoeIeee..Bh::eIhee'evhIa-=et-
.-
'IIiilIIIlIIIfI'l-lhIId'Il
i.lIHriIH1II'Ilf#
cure:-nu
reerereelr-elenotneoeeeetv.
Ftllirn-rn.neideul'lfieI:i11t.lInereeete
pruheoeedneureeurlheluueliieell-Id
lretupeiern:rtepIehIunlcI'.leI'nr.
E.
Kl
loo 1'.
I see
P .'ItlI:IlI!ll'lInte
- 551
Lentlenlne
I I at
.I'l3'l-I
Iee
lIeeluhpI'neIlelII'IIrI
&nI'I'l:H 'II
teen
letethu-ellelqelen
Kllilliall il
me
I-elrieudine
iI'I'!-I:l=II-rill,
lihreh-r
I':r1IIeIetIIetteIIDI'lB
see:
Ilillllhlllpehdenei
l'leerIeerietrietivrtett.e'i|:eIcIieeter1'eIln-
irunietctuwurltliecitvoeiwire.-rieol-retracing
l're|treeei.Ie-olftineetleveietterret-rte.
-JKHI1
awe
Pi-neon
Tliereeretrurnrpuhlcperte-h hinnen-are
uu:IIl-rernui'eerefg:ill-m:e'miteorrq:er'i-
ecneelhereetdlheredenlecumpuelvelv
tow.
llreterreeetu-tine-eeltot-Ive-rtnlph
ett-elegf-cletpeehi-teeftreIlIIehrttl.Ic.eepure
_,-_...-'-
5*1:... If
at-
ltIhe|ninIIdnoe.l'ltereeI'iI:ieereIIIi:tr
I3
curumutedtntue
L1:
acne
aeeteeiuliltrt-.-re
-use
-cane
I15
| iam-
Prete-trledlllue
Iran-
H
Illflfjm
Iilnteete-etve
il-I
Xi
FH1l&HI'eII'j
Iceleerelenepere
IN!
Iiii
jll
eltleiee-etetetelelu
1
Eu-iii
nlleeeeertilteli-Fhlt
proeeeteduetIne|lIur1develuopmIl'neifoetedlittltelrrirudmiv.
the-euereulvenvp-etentedenenln
Elem-tire..eli.1etveiiiten:ihet|reee|'I.Ie.'|'lee
rtelur-ellefteve-relteeenetelhei-durtelelae.
errdoentrefo-ui'u:lir1thirI:t:etclieeelcrna'tIi-u
eeeu.
l.II:|'I-'ieu:_ruIe of -'-emloljg
5-eelephon
Id-
|-'-errlop-0-li_r-I ieewlv
III'|'|"Di-lIlll'l|'I Pent-
Metropolitan
Parks
Our proposal aims to rethink the value of existing green and open for
the general public and their possible modifications. conservation and
protection. All propositions aim to improve living quality and environmental well-being in the region. Parks need to be well distributed
water and land. but also as contact between nature and city.
I'h:I1It-eqf
n1l\:iInug-pliien
pi--i_ rta-seas.-d
lI3IIII'IH'fi
iJdoan
Parks
Thourten Parksarslocaiedln rorrroiropclltancorennd
eopenraaptbcgreenaiidopenqaaoaairita emdindie
uib.aneetIira.BaifIaofvarisbIaar.aa.ifIeuibaipartstake
nduaiugacfureaioortmioedeaotsifircuototrtdiorarv.
Lake
Parks
Fcnhe reel:|erIl;e.IhimportaI1ttoh.evee-piuit within
Iilehueeeeteectlrveorpeeehurecteetlonhthedalvclv
llfe.whld1mea'ieutopen
elde.pleygtu:rdI.epcttfeclllIieeendcefeeetepartcflhepatlfeprogrent.
Tlielalie:i:r5eeetepattofil're1ereIiIu'reeeI'voiethtoui;hcut
ihen1|tropoItenregiicna'idqJpeIIeletgepatcheeof
eti'aIegiceIvptcItectedneua'emoeilveunot.ndedbvreeldettllelueaesieceiheyourtdlttliieforeetietnc-tliietlfor
lltrItlonofwater.anhterieJveelterrretlveuteisnotoonoelvebh.
lr|etead.t1'teptopotrelIr1u'odi.I:eeLn'henpar|rea|crtgIlte
ei'|oteof1heleiteeI1doorneui:tepall'ieIfe=oughlfieforeetIic
ti'iecltv.1l'eJe.1i1eialteeltieeaerveaeIccelreoreetlonI'eee
lnti'iemetropoliII1reglon.Bealceetvice|ettdedvInced
pubilclteriaportelicnerepraovldedpcttei rehltligcr
Iiahhg eat well eepuhlic eventeand educetlcneiproi-ecte
arepartoiflheprogrern.
Elli
15km
331:1:-F
liutu-in
urine.
uh
-eul-up
..~.'1.... {D
Second
Coastline
Great
Ciutdoors
Tlielirell lmdnstlriflrstudeeefuelngllsheehlfle
propoeeiiplerr.iiiet-.rrliI'aerieteleree'eofptiahceetf11itee
etlltee-tigeofIhertie1ropoliu'icceeenddo].|IIicel:iil're
plclure.ofwilti.
ebheeeweeltettddelthicnitddtiutedukemhioti
Irifrutrucon.
TlieS_e:oottdl'JoeellI'ieoonIlete_of:li'eeteenenl_Illefeoint'
liIi'lruI'itloIl1iI'ei;IflrIIieeIeoIeredmtlooretecI_edto_I
puetileovei1Iinltt'eteI_rh1elrItnputg.EidtIceIIcneIentlettvetiIe'rietiproh':l:eIleol'telpbcuprteI_'veilIen;efu.I:dl|d
peu'etlheedgeofeechcltv.cftehfechgtenelulb-cue
-oputeineouerienenefltincctidoneeirin ureeh
ueuernrouri;iuuniuaiaevumn.aimIniur:riaig.rtgrit
'
'
'|:weeeI.Ie.ThepropeeelirrtetirethhIttl'ueee
rIverrriouIltnete1errhtieItn"cfiIteece.uic-oeetIne.l'lee:-
Irmrtoil'ieuteIe.TltaSeoondoaati'iIltehpreeeee_Iuirrg _
ctreiuhenchlechindeoclurrpei-ecluectucfeu
'ofiherrtiIIopcItl1.cotie;T1tetvliIcceeliineletIclot1get
iicuecltcteeriridtctl-menu.
.iIlbarIr!!=lIhlI:d.e=|Ieiot-hiulirilluideeiil
Iiuuuein-uni
n unannouncIeeeeceu
H
Ljljl
ii
I
1&3
l_i2uee-
m
I?
hi
mii
neneeedheehpeeuiixlnthbll
PI-IHIII-.-'1fif!|I'Ii=.||"l.'I"-"'3!|""ll*i""
"
-reet.le1lt.e1l1er'_ hind" nietirettipe-etl.j
iiIetl:ee_e.efIhe_:
-ItJi_etooriiflIIIirefte*eeniteditlieitL\vhitIi
ottlieoiiettiteuielreetesthuundt-iiu
-ureeI1'eIeeI.lInieirl-el-ee_f:eheeeIIIiIe1-ui
huirut:iu.e-mniuirungrnr.-iniiaauuus
cpreereehrbee.-brnieevtueliterreeel
,q'u_ueyur~eg_neeuemhurgg.u.nu,
enqwuotiorroitiupueeuerueatidpe
irIetee_tfefedi'nfe|iIu|Ie-eI:iIereeI:eIl_Ie
Sources
Metropolitan Mature
Devieun.i3..Lee.B..T-1. Fl!.17llJ'|3}.'I|'id'Si1-
Frirl*LIILi3elIIIhd.l!{2.5'DID'E].-Enl1efi\tIl'rD r
Ci-eeeBcrderMeu1eiaerrienror'l~letteeTllleeeui-cee:Eiq':ieeiertceefroi1-i:e5Dt3.rll'I.':
8IIerrTrIrIebeurir:iervPrc.iecte.."l'.Hl|'Cl2C|DE.BerruSeiuAgencyrorDeue|ap-
terrIeli:rIef'f3errterforl.Iiui1pu|-t|Irdfo.lieeourceeilrlmqemeet.
'l'ee.Ji.1.|f..At-ig,HitF..T-I-ta.fl-..iJeer.5.|l'.
TeI1..H.i.'i|f.:[1"lil1l3].lli-eFreeei'btE:I1.e-rintol
Heritrou-eFoteeulr15i-ig:pore.rhrtre.i'i
gepore.CecIord:lnhnBeeLrftu'Pul:IlehirIt|.
rne-i1tervitII'..oc|i-eraliutm.
liirltI:H.1ZlEd.]-lillil-Sihpltlirerclr el
Ciit1rIoriiier1ii:IlGa'eer1..Pirehi:le-ctt.e'etUri:Ienlen'-Hepetirle.
Ten.I.5.fEd-l.{2l3t25.-C'erie-iiodeeutoJrleriiiesohaceteccirrteunicr-euevoihore
oeletvelfnpfreereelfreeeerohon
l.
Johrt'e.idum'. $inppcn:Nulcituluro'uueitvol'5irI-nape-r-el
'Ilf:lIer.F.-i7tlIlJIl.Lericle=epePIuIei-i:ri':t'-i=-pepcre.5lnoe_nore-.Metlc-iee.l Llniveteitvof
inpepote.
1I.I'li-cite
i'.i-c-it.i1.{f.GIlJEi.Drlenei:ernerItertdlilcevoringfeeoretltnf onenvatimein
n
Portof5|i'ir:ep-ore.F'IItoe-edirimofth-I
nttilrsterrreliuulcnrelllieefe-rrripoehI'rL
11t3Ili2-till.
Hunt. 'lf.l.?lii1.-'lZlIl.Ils.Ifttlell-el-'erlelrIen. olgerrieeInrlecliel'4elz'e~erltetI'iitIdeerntittre:iecl1et.eenetn:IttureneitDIetern1Inerrtentf-erwlriecii-Ifiie'chenE.rItwlcltiilIa
ii'i'tiritlIi'|-e'titrI'r-eltinieelt:l'r...|-|ireI'
.Ier'tecfviitfiZv'ir:ttiogolieurivtl'So.tie#:Ihe1r-
our-hoh.52i2i.rs5-m
l.uilf....{213l2.l.Goiuerutictr$uItegieefct'
Enchrlnere-t|I'c'|enuroeeS-e'errI|:IFoIeI:ern
lpieieveie.PeIuleten.lourr-ierolietetiitil-I.
21'-35.
l'|e:1'i.ifl..i|l...i-leeen.fri.ill..t2l}I!iBJ.Tr;rirtIrtI
Sitrnnitnlaie euelopuriuefthetutiteioe
eIfEnvlronrtieI'tulPoii-c5rli1i-iele'vele.Mentte'el'Rntr~:rrotne.FI::ttI-rI.3lIi(il.3i'~!'.r-ill.
RtnlilLLudin.i|r..H.lil.l1ll'.'lI!iIl!l.E-velueti-on
-tifpen
peoeentlilecreetxien-lreeii
Jol-iorehrufengd
iluriiceteltlotetcli.
Tlie ulilriterneeionel eeecee
uieiege
Gt-SC-ureiIrerhoeerrudIthi11t'tiort.1-1:31.
Trae-Ere;.C:.n99E3.IulerinePolhticn1Irlenepemertthill-rehieiecoefiltiumoee
3tJeite:LIneI1eLeemed.li'eipfeI1eIlPrt:rgr-eee1eeIeirdi-ePreuentieneridMenInerrrered'IIlI'lIeePenlt.riinriir1tl:el:'-1
Aeiene eee.
Thle-Ern;,i1.vl3crre,LH'_1_,Reu..5..li.,Betned.$.|t..i'3erv-eciot H..'Ebenrle.Irl.Il'..'..
:['iIlt3D].TIteru&ou.5u-eiinliluirn-Pctl'r.tlonlr.d.IeHn.lil|~Ej.1E0-175.
p-tire.h'.'.'l'..Il.li'bll'et:lir1fc-eflliu:-tiur1I21, le-
Singep-er'e.J.l39-1-I5.
titeezt
ere-e.wli-tHe.uov.nw
wviutrielieneluchl-en.gov.trli
lrri_e_geII:tetIu
N3: Tliiel'leliurtel.lrrcliiveeofifueUil'|i"lF|il=-
htheJur'rgie.
p.55:IItelIetionel.li.rcl-riveecnf5e'rit)e,p-ore.
Fiiotoq:-apluiebeiihvLui=Eea-Iuid
Irleehiieelllier
pl-rv.eleor.rt.eem
51:55.52-_
p.ll:lt|eriycvte.:Friuni..i.:The5lte-t-ol5inpep-nteelihnptevee.iflorid'l-iigrettotv
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Interviews
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Fecultvuf uilt Enviirer1n'ienLLInivet'eitv
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See Realm
Eingepore. fntlornnie. Heieyeia
Project 1
Stefenie Klein:-in
CULTIVATED
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Territorial Logic
Ao uaculture as
p.1'4
I156
Production
meets Diversity
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Urban Fishing
Potential for Lirban Fish Production and Recreation lpji
Integration ofcoastal Itairipurigs Into Urban Fabric {=p.&2,'i
Connecting Tourism arid 5-ea Gultiee lp-.6.-ii}
-litlihlll-G_|'lie|l of Henri-tujy
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The first people to inhabit the Singapore. Johor and Riau Archipel-
ago were nomadic fishermen who lived on the sea for months at a
time, following the monsoon seasons. Today. traditional fishing can
still be found in the remoter areas of the archipelago. it remains an
important source for the region's food production. and it is increasingly seen as part of the region's leisure landscape.
The region's urban growth stands at odds with the traditional fishing communities. through the expansion of petrochemical indus-
tries. shipping facilities. ports and construction along the coastlines. underwater dredging and land reclamation destroy marine
habitats and roofs. industrial waste and runoff water are sources of
serious marine pollution that render fishing and aquaculture in the
region undesirable and even hazardous.
Apart from the environmental challenges for the seafood production in the region. Singapore imports 95% of its food and its fish
from all over the world. The remaining areas of traditional fishing
culture are increasingly hard to discover in the metropolis and
mostly invisible to the city dweller.
The proiect challenges the dissociation with the once main source
etehi
I -it-'IJ'tI'i
l nninnl
F-nei-I'l
of livelihood of the region. The analysis of the region's fishing cultures and aquaculture production shows that Singapore. Johor and
Riau Archipelago could be self-sufficient in its seafood production.
This vision of a shared trinational sea space as space for production speaks in favor of supporting the region's traditional and local
economy. Along these lines. three cultivation strategies have been
developed in the project: Urban fish farms in close proximity to
the cities. especially Singapore; instead of disappearing. the traditional kampungs on the shoreline should be integrated into the
urban fabric in Batam and Johor: and lastly the accessibility to tourists of remote fishing communities in the archipelago should be
I.-.-l-inn.-_|i.ue nl er-rIr_~r_u
u ilji-It
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C"-l|I'II|'II|!l 5-l
Territorial Logic
ofthe
Productive Sea
the world's largest and most abundant fisheries. As one of the world's
largest archipelagoes. Singapore's southern neighbour, Indonesia. has
more see then land. For centuries. there was no strict maritime border
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Exploitation of
the Fish Stocks
U'iFBt' 5'-l'illt- has
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the South Chi'iaSea.Theseshlpsare cueableof shing
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Tllrhlflllt- n Il?1lI-IIl'f\vld.III:I'?I|I-iIIl-
Cress-Border
Economies
Ind-Dneesla is the 5et'.nru:| biggasl seafood |.'.|I'DdIJ~CI' in Iha
John: Elahru pmclucaas 1'|EII'I11Erarru::ra aaalbu-d as Singepnre, but its large pepudetien still rehee an Irnpe.-ted sh.
Impurling fresh and I:hiHe-cl Iish requires =h'I'JI'IZ transportatien reutee. ea thet trade within the regicm is mere cen-.-eniEH1.
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Fishing as a
Diverse Culture
Chrer generaticns. people have adopted and mastered distinct fishing
techniques best suited for their particular cc:-nditicns and demands,
resulting in a wide diversity cf fishing practices in the SIJORI regicn.
city life. The remaining traces are generally limited tc recreational fish-
lvauti-I.I-lrlt-1t'trrIl"il:-t
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ing Thi-Iv r.'i='ige fri:-r'ii i:cI|ei:tir'ig rnussels tc rniuzlsca-e ci:-mITIE-'C!.'ii fish"-rig. Until ri:i:en!|',.' the sizes nl !is|iii'-g '-ieseeis
st.3ig.iei:F ernnil. I:ii i:.c-ntrast 1-tineatf;-vi:-:'tJntrie~:=._. .Ei:ngapt:ire.
J-:-hr.-r and l-tiau .i1:-:.fiit:iei.'._r._|i::- m-:isl|',' Ii-sh I.'.'iih'ii11hi_=it naiii:-n.1|ws-lets EL! the EEE. E-..t.=r-.- type of fislti-nrj has i1s -'_i'n.'n
tr.-rtii-:':',-'. Smell-scale t:r-tdiiicri.1. fishing talcces place near
f-rftich fishing ir'.frastrLii:.ture. is cut cn the sea .:t."id nct 'ut5ihle rr1r_'ist-cf the lll"!-E The fell-:iw-ng |.'ct:ge'_=. r-i:-p fishing
types a:i:i:irt.l-'ng ic- -.-there Ihe-tr are '.i:-uiid in the regicri
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r_|~.rin: f."_-..i"-l.il'J'. net i::inI1- rr""f:'i_'Ili{. .-l|I._. ._irtIt'!_ .r if. iii-_-it -.*.'.i',' tj-." it-.-:iig:;
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'.rui:ii..-e f-:ir !i:.|'irri 3. in .'i-cii:'ii-:i-i'i to the fishJr-5 flit-ut these i: |2I:"l ii::_- fxlcir-,r wit -r:h |:tiri:i-
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fi.~'.l'ir-_.'| -.i.ii:f'. .'i ri-.-I. .3 '.i:'ir- iii an Ih :1-ih-.'.-r 1i:-.'i'i '.ii'ii.i-'-:'. If liriti
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is -:'.:.-r'.i'i I-.'.i.' '..'.-.'- li-'.:'ii':'iii.i'.-=. ct.-.i.". ;ti-'.I-'-'-.'.n-'_e i.'.If'-7-i I|'i 'i"i f:'ir
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.'.-'.'..-. I:'--' .'i_.'.-1.:-i.'i'-ir: ah-: .- -.:- -,'-.~.'i-:'. sin-:1 -::':.'.t--'. .1! .'-t.n.'l 'I-.'!I.'i ilili
=i-'.r i:i|=ii".. -'.'IIr :i '
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I?-I-.Ii|.dir.I5i.I_|i-9 Lists-Iii:
1:ri:il| l:iI,i-.
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i;_".r.irnrnerciaI Fisliing
'.'_'-:ir'rinie:r:i..'i|. rnitr- t-:i !.':ri_:_ii.'-. .=.i;.'i|r_I li.ItI'.ingi '.-e-3.5-:-fr. .'.ie ni-:-sIl',.'
-l'.-.'l*.'.F:-.'.l l'l-|.'!.'lf lisiic-.r-. pi.-its. Eliffeierit lr-'_-ni .-tr'i..'i|l-5i.'.:ilr: fishing,
the fish-:i.I'i'ieri gt. pt-.I 1.:-1!'ii.'r :=.-r.-rain grptips fr:-: li..'- i".-i in-:ire
i1':i'_.I=.. nri. .=.'..'i.--:'ig -r.-r.|-,- :n':.h:ire. l.-uI. al:-.:: ti--rii:_| .'Jl'fF-l"il'_-lI'.'
hr: g-:--.-'.-ir-niI.'.-n1 -pl .1-'!i:iu -'tri:f'ii_t'.ie|.':gc .:|:-'.:-- <.-.i[_'-|:-:i.'t.=. .::in:rnI..Inii-,- gr-;-i.-[_r=. -.'i. :2-:irnrI.'i'.-r-.i.'iI fi-=.Iierr:ir.-II. |'._it the Iisht-rrner.
nii.i.=.t |'.'-|J'i'.l"-.'lF-IF: |Il.F:l.' eii;1erisi-.-:.- lLli:l 1Iienise|'.i1s.
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I.I.-h.|I-Jun nl 'at'IrIr_iI-_1
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rarnirt-g r':t:Ii-.g E In
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n-.-riip p.'1h"IJ1..'.g.
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i;iiI'i-I1.-|I'tI'i..; 1FaFi1|t .':-t
|Ii'tI-LIL-Illltc-I'
Far-.'-a.F.I1Il'IIIriI. .F!'=I.II..l.3~'ri.I-.1rI
Eicirne i:if 1511: fi:..'1-errnen til:-i:i |i-.i1.- here |l'- l:-i.ii.l.:llh L'I|i HIE It'Iii[E'f Clil IC|l"i liJl'N.l. l-l'|.I'l"I l'iE"!. [l"IE'
Ei|I'IliH$lIlIl
tiIIiIIi1I-trii.|iIq
33.
Ti. ...'.. {D
fl'.ect'eatienefFtsl'ting
ftecrectir:rielthirii;dueerI:ttequlreallcei'ieeinllteteglcn.
t'ihilatl'ineateiaurnecpportmftieefurrecreetluttalltel'i-
ti-ie:ttii.i:iiiereeteatiut:affithhgmeindiuatigtttg.Theie
areect1ielccatItItsht$li1gepctie'wltereangifrigfIallewed..
I-Iuiirever.enly?.5tItiilttiestiei-elirieiuiteeeeeitileti:-ifte
puhIic..ti-iettiereippnittntitiiittccliaruarabeiatuaguwt
fitihhtgftiirtfiiedw.
!I'_|tl.1_|"E|"_"!.!L'i|!'.l'
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rttihrhiuuhthtltn
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u Hp.-,|I-_i.-t.
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|:"'Il|I'II|'II|!l 35%|
Aquaculture
as Production
and Escape
Cine could say that the aquaculture of today is one of the more visible
parts of sea culture. Unlike fishing boats. which are out on the sea,
viewed from the city. Despite their proximity. the fish farms are difficult to access.
.|-uh-.i: tlurt
lit
-li||!|'|-'lli:_|'l-iell or "Il"i'|l|'i_|
5-eleimn
51
G-.l_1i'_-Ir.I-I:l Eel
53-
Ma pping
the AC1 uaculture
The cultivation of fish in floating lalms has a shorter history
than traditional shing. liietreitheiess it has beco rne part of
the regions tra-:lit'ional sea culture
The practiceof aquaciuliee is increasing regionally as
well as world-vltle. Altho-i.igh man',- fish farms are large in
-H
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Hrl e
MIN?
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r
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l'IFI'Il||n'n|Ie.'II
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e_tril:iutioii cl Seatood
to eiljlrrtl fru_-,i11fiI|_'i Fe} rljlti
tel-ti-I
ll-i.tru I|i.i-i:J-bl||do
. lieu-I-tuner-I
J C|'|i-J1-II
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t".r_u_-L=rl_F@s-r_II'Iii1:i_I=i'1ii
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ll
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The lien term-. or so-called reading 11the growing station for leer-und. To oultluatu
the larvae can cents and grow on
the iuniouhu.
lieu .liiI'.l'.:l.-lhqeti
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3I'.I|"|'l'E l'|l3'-10-'|'|"|-'3-if! I.-=C.I1.|"Jl'l|'|' I3 't"':3'rkl-I|: |'.'5-'-ir".A.'
lrle. as wt-.ll .1s -r:i:I-git. and plants. Dr: the week-.-I'I::i:i. 'uIiiIlI.'.rlE- I-I-sgr con-in "1I.-fI.I to fish try .la'.-oi i:t:i1.' i:u.Inrnii;|ht. Fi.1i:isti:r_-:1-'taims ii'it1ll1:tt
-eii-:.'l1'l'i*'.|u-er 1rI:'i:r.is-"iI:1ri=.11IPI-'.tI'.iIe|ZLII.~'::-'.i-E-
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lle-l.liIiIihiIiiliIeHri |iIleI'
l-uitiul-d ilereis
_'r.iuId-IiIeiIiiIliliiIsIieI.|nLilli-IIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIII
tilleeeletli-are
3iellIt|I-'|'IlIIII-Illi
='lII|rInIIeHI=IIAItIII
-
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{nth-IiIc_tye or In-r_III_i-I;-I_y
E-III l'II'|tl
I-It
3""
Production
meets
Diversity
While fishing and aquaculture of the region currently produces
that must be addressed in the future. One of them is the issue of the
rapid regional growth leading to a decrease of fish stocks.
This raises the question of social and economic sustainability for the
metropolitan region and its development. Several potential aquaculture sites are not reachable because of lack of infrastructures or funds.
The need for recreational spaces. and tourism growth around sea
culture. could provide a beneficial secondary income for farmers and
fishermen; increases in visitors could also have detrimental effects.
By sustaining this sea culture, their traditional way of life can survive.
Singapore currently produces 5 percent of its seafood; the govern-
the relatively small sea surface and its high dependence on infrastructure.
l.IrIdrII=l|-rI1eliIt:I-rIII'I12lII-IIi:ie
Icyllt-lh~l Hi rlpl J-Ilillnr
Ipininenztr-rIui:Ml'ieh
Mien
-"t'l!L"_l!.!'!!'
illh'i'|IIbI|IH'IIIiIII'IIl'I'IIIWl'lll'I'
ttlseeiitafsttimsoii
eiii.mitsoi_Fzsas$
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nhsmlolnleiuhtuui
.IiI|-li-i-l'||tl'iI-i-inn.-.|i-let
_I|i|-been-dllliteriiiu
[5 solid-Illeiltllillreeelialtll
Lou-hudniueu
unriII liltlltllll
Q linitlenetii-nsthiihu
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Ih'i'|IIlI|Ih'IIItiiIII'IIl'I'III %'l'Ill'I'
Itsizdeaitrsshn
Ee~.it.yI_I'issL-siieiet
LE3:
ilseeeulseteienshtelteemsittvaccest
lIiIel:IeiIrieI1ilr:iIllyrel:II.ilt.iIIiI.iltinIre-
itlucedoonnectianbettue-enthedtyuidthe
uai.iitsnt::rina-uiniirtiiauuiituiipiiuutt-iii.
slleepnel-dsnslwllht1'iemtl'ietII-dilioriel
1:I.lurIn.
Dre-tl iniuttlllndreclernetlonprooen
duouoyeduro sntiariaiuiiiporsuithr
d'iielbl1I:tiac|ts.'IhetuIterqtuityhtiieeeeiIIeelrlilttiliotl-tllsrtrlntlmtryeridtheciy.
L|.IJ;tI___l-lI'3%
ti-rows-in" oitiIeei'eech|IInueforFiIlieig'
nritttti-totntuluirnii-uadiw-iopniunt
ti-ii:lttloi'tIllternptIti|ureie-tii:Irtllui:l.tieoernelherdoriotl uvinedeodlrl
ol'y.t't|1It'tiiedlIspi|ieetli'ii;;lcnrIii:ii.ii-ii;I.neerl:ryIn'IIll-oollelisliiigpouridnhevlnorne
outotiuee-_
Eeoajeim
Gr-u-riiicni unouieruzturiomlni-on.
Tltetraelltlerieioceuiieeneetieeerillble.
etnlirubletmvietitdeveloprrieritdiil
nag:-orutheettiltirigpcpthtliansndthei
Ieewlturw.
groom
l!iIlrIinlhltci:rrII.rru:IiIi:u1.1:ioIiIernrIiei-teens
pnrt.nridienlinioIleitiuiiunniniit::iiupuelriiistiliiesiisisl-r::i.ilIi.ii'elti-titietnt
e_Ii=.I.eeIeI_e:ii
llieusarinenenebhfmruednwhp
rrtei'tI:|Htttie.eqt.l1:t.ItiIelrti:liauy.rrtsirily
buouuotguodwunrqultty.
Hnvndese nnerertolhltfumsbecetne
etliicltoffunduattterztiritel-uiaiiaut
desolation
Ttie-:ilfIItoreereelaii1egII.'rlnl-in-illsyllltgtlt.
flrileignveile-IlI.iIil1lii=l1rII-rI.Ioersl|iere:p'-tiri'I
linlIistiod:s.lti|bcti'ieneriuirot-ntiieritelrtiitt
nneettiriomititon.
dl-itliil--I-I
$l'l'llil'I.i'leIIl|hI|Ih
i-;'-;-'-!1IitIIIuwi.iI'II-
u IIlIli'-tin-It-III-I-III-ti
M rltiekfol
III|IiIrIeIIIwIoIlIIiluelfllillriq
Iii-I'l-|IIiIIe
t':tI=i-tor-iIIIuI:
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Isa-t-i-i-en-Hire-u-he
Ian-hnehhhm
I Llnii-Iillinilhtrrieuure
II Illleur-ti
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auburn-
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"7
u-um Iii-Mao
31'"
Urban
Fishing
Any kind of viable proposals for reconnecting the sea and land must
include advantages for both sides. cine option is to make seafood
production and sea culture more visible and accessible to the general
public. As a result. it would again become part of the city. and at the
recreation with the existing fishing tradition could reintroduce a missing cuitural aspect into society.
LIia-ri F-ri.pi~:rdi.r:Iu-arr-r-ti
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- -- -I
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Sources
Cultivated Sea
BI.rbohu.J.t3.{2DDlJ. Hi-Cltmiigof hr
Frat-itlerrriHllt.tcryi:l*ttie.|iIsriheFlI.li-er:lee
at-f-oIi.itheestlleI'Ir: I5-ED-2'lDlJD. ngeporei lnetttte.ecl'5n-iIPie|eti'ieiII'i-3ttid-
tn.
II_2'IIlIII.;;.
ii-rII'.5
5It!LIU'II|!$-Wii-i Fi:l1cIinlJl*MlIDfllfI'E1lCIII'l-
trIet1'l?l1Ilil.F'i=ii:lIIlti'..it.Itiailic|ilI.illeIilIii:It
Eotitheiletilslii.
Hlliitloel lilliticli-idsii-ulI.l.IliIlIyI-leentl
Si-igqsoru.3iigeie-re trliterirl
nuiem
i|ii.ri1'iitiIrlt'r'. 2'l!l'l-il.
mi
IrrIII'IIII|=I:III-iII=-it
wwiit.-nIIi.porr.a:
IIIIIIPIII-II'I'IuII1=Il-tII:I'I'-In
viIiriir.i:laI.-potI.rny
iInIiIw.Ieiii.oi-i;
iiriii-iunen.iirg
wwarstltpliepriiifa
'IIIiI'rIrIiir1:i-Igior.t-I1't.frrIIpI
wiiiIu.tme|sii.ga-aii;it-e.ocrn
'iiirIiI-IiLIIenei'n:ii.I1i:lI.is.i:Iu
vat-iIr.l:iais1iie-i:l.|.li:|:i-l1:irov.gni.itI
irriiriii:iIiIivl.:ieni:le.i:iri;
'irirIiriIii.nti-i'u-ii-iiilitiiiie-|liIi.r-iIIt
Ii'I:I!'-ED-I2'll|'|iIl:l|Zl'l'liil-|.'l' '|Il'l"Ij'l.l
l
_
pas-I-amnurugzois
iuttata
'llile'iInarittioIlini'Its|lthep-eitiialestthel-C1..
.llppreeeltee{2Dl.Ll|ifIe-dltirIgdmnHyShale-ere.
Sealer:-rlIl.':iiirisura|itltiini.ligril-'~i:in-iisnd
lrIIlitirln|ry.iIt.itl'iItitil"r'Itrf5iI'iutIII'e:l-'i'.Iir
HI-leyllsi .lohor5t.|t.eDq:iIrIrti-errtof
ration-gratin-rear-iiuitahu-yiliiariaiity
lDiIieePe-rllterm'ilRlau.lltchll:IIil;tItIi
p.21: Butd'ier.J. Gr t!ltlIIt. i-lodII1Ipoftl1e
Fri:irn'.leIiiili.liillelitiryci"tlielil|riIieF.lll'i-erliee
of-i'rotrtf:eeIHl-siilol-5l}2Dl'D.3liI!DI'
p-ateiln|dtteei:rl5oi1heeetilialIIi5Iiidleiitpit.
i:Il'-.192-1Iit'.i:ForBinaIIr:I~tIriiI: Peri~Fo-ii-ttnri-it
lleterliiu-yliitoryolsiigqiengfot
Iillhyalarlvoiltartetellemrtiri-Intel
Fuh-n-:ForIiitIu-n-iii.-rut-uyeuiriurity
fl!lkrtIiIll'eirllr.iIi'iIIi'ilRleti.llirIi-.lIili:ielIi:ii:It
EtEttL'i|!l!t!!
liti-Tirsiil-laililiiriir-iiIililondlIilniii-t.Johnir
Ftihlrtrilliii-tl-ioritisillttlit.
liIlrliitI:iliauit.li1i'i|iliirr:iiIig FH-iai-yPai1,
Eiiulp-sre.2Il!l1-ll.
litrtludy-ionoilitieul-rdip-inncF'd-ry
mlsmaiistiiriiii:cu-a.1iiIiuiiuidttinu.t:oiiip-Illnavrliostntintultltillnoteworltllid
niadeoinutymitcruiltse.
.i|i|,tie-:ial'lfiert|cstoliilirteTotialcIiIic.Sleleriie
lEI:iIItfnerIdl'!IneHr:tin.~IiInILii=l=IortedlIe
wl't!lunlrii:ii'ei:l1hleelbt't.li:r'urriIi'IIi:lue|ni:lenth.iIl-nun.
li.lilcra:It-ti:'iltl'i.Il'iltIt-ltil't.Il'ieI-dlri
IiIiiberalt..loeephill.a.tci1eli.Hcni;Ctin:tt3uh,
l.o-srt'ili'sll3lisu.l3Ii.illenieDIiIIt.TIltlir.iI.
3iI'.'Iyl-hrIi:ni:|.ai'iid Fmmmmf
thelrttereelinutsltundfarti-rlpiagtrsciul
with iiil-orrruciolt and ct.irtnu:llng tnwitli
rnlierpeople.
Tfiuihnhatollegmnidlctlerid n
Prlnoenle-rstippnrtli-igtnwihd-ielrlnovne
edge.
lileoeiecieltliilnlttoillleitlensllrlilodirt
iiiiinnlitppuriirievii-sci:-.-cudciiu-iiuti-int
titi-re-rinitli:-i.ltuitI.
I
I
_i._
r
E
E
t
II 'I:i-.'u-.
=tIi E-:'lnI-r|l'-
_ l
I'm!
-*'I
.r.-"IIIIl'|l|
'g_gIii-_I'
. l
--
Il!il".I'...'_.:-'lll1'.'ll'l-.'i
-f
'
Ii
'
ii -
'---iii
5,,:__:s.gs_
i!i.rr_l-it-tI-zturo of Territory
5-Illll Region
E'llIl Iuriolr
FC: Futi.irrI- Eitir.-:. I..a'.'.-.:ii:itrirI.i
Hans Hortig
Sla!a.'i.ri lI:iIaiir:rig
Passenger Mobility
in the Sea Region
.'IItr'arv.. ......
_.-
bir
5:ir.stI. B-nrras
Eler-.iarr.in l:'lIoc-her
p.12
p.62
The Narrative of
Crossing Borders
Network of
p30
Thel oat
and the City
A Comparison of Boat Tviiltitlstles {p.32}
increased Accessibility
Fast Ferry Connections tpod-I
Identifying Hierarchy and Network Reconfiguration [p.B-El
Sea Transport as an Alternative tp.TtlI]I
Hop-Cin-Hop-Ci along the Coastline tp.7i'}
l.H:h-III-c_n.n or urn-I-tujy
5'lInIE'I'.|'|'|
E_-M T|'l-|'lr_I|2|I-ll
lnrn'Ich.p:rI-tH'-
through the Archipelago and the Straits shaped the distinct and diverse ethnic, religious and cultural character of the region.
After the dramatic political shifts of the 19605. precipitated by Singapore's independence from Malaysia. the national maritime bor-
gradual loss of the public access to the sea and the coast.
This project promotes the increasing public access to the sea. and
the establishing of a dense and diverse network of cross-border sea
transport among the three countries. Aiming to improve the existing
rigid and directional system. the project proposes new models of sea
transport that would increase the appeal and the quality of life in the
cross-border metropolis. The project consists of four main strategies:
a new network of fast ferry connections and multi-modal terminals. a
small-scale water-bus routes. new connections over the Johor Strait.
and a hop-on-hop-off routes in the areas where the central and the
residential urban fabric touches the coastline.
the region's historical and cultural connections. The sea transport net-
work should be seen as part of the cultural heritage of the region and
the cross-border metropolis.
!'T"!"""7.l'!'.'i'f.""?"!"9.l'
9' W
The Narrative of
Crossing Borders
Using transport in the SIJORI region always involves crossing a national
border. Travelling from Singapore to Johor Bahru and the Riau Archipelago. we experienced how difficult and time consuming these rela-
tively short trips can be. Travelling within the region has changed sig-
nificantly throughout the last two centuries. The shift from a relatively
lar has enclosed itself within highly secured borders. Through the process of state formation. travelling across the region became more formal: the necessity of visas made border crossing more complicated.
more expen sive, and almost unaffordable for the daily work migrants
going from Johor to Singapore and back. with the introduction of the
|ndonesia-l'v'lalaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle (IMS GT}, cross-border
exchanges increased, especially for commercial passenger and cargo
traffic. The formerly strong cultural and social ties among coastal
communities have nearly disappeared in the wake of three separate
states focused on their own economic and social growth.
N-IlllIiHlI:|l'DI:lIlI'HII|v%I'Il
-_'r?I!1|l|IG_|'l5riII:||'5IIl'lll_|IIil:"
E-I-II-Ii-t'.|n
11
A Short Journey,
H-IIII-Itltrlafm-nilrllillrioril
'|'d:I:rIIco|.rnIrrIr. ,
buidirgstojtassirrtrriiigmtionarr-tisra::r.rrity.
lr1'hsfolovrvigcl1apter'wee::piorotl'rereasoI1lrrghetind
reseabsIJrdphertomsI'rabp'a:tatysirtgtl1elt'moryol 'Iereg'or1'spo1r'tIcsandnatron'at-'norders.
.,_
rl - Nv~- -9 --til
chi-|I|:II|.I'IIIr
Ii5l'r-on-Id
a Long Trip
Ttreeeshestwaytofu'rdotnlIotvseauar'rspoi'tationreaIyva3r|s
it tthereghortistotairerrelerry toatam. Indonesia. Dnlyt lobrnstreslrom Slnga:-oro.theisl:rid playsan lrnj::-ortant economic
rolentheregicn.
The shortdlst-Inoeimplres that the lorry crosoirtgrsshort
artr:lsimpls.Ur1tt:ecorrtrary. itisnot. Thee-ntlreproc sof
enterng theferry terminal. rushing through "Is huge shopplrig
maltclearhignrrrnlgratimandoecuntynosmoroin-ched ttit
ttoarttiopate-d.Etactlytt're sameproceduretooit plaoeonthe
otherside. Surprisingly. tl'Irrsl'iorteItp:tirtoft:l*re~jr:it.1'rriarryir'.itt'irar
l'_:I-ITiIh_I-pl-It
tiller-nhdl
|'lI:bIn'.orIIIol
:11.
;...1.
I
l
u1~a%mTqlrn-r:d;a1IIul
''ln.lu1a
tllttrlclgu
f'r|.|r.nu-Ica-rl-.Id
I-Int-pldr|I=tuI
Fluoorlconhui
I.1I'rfar-1-ull
overtwc-hours
Illa-=oIl
_
--e
Hg
1|
hoamirrg of have-Hal
""7"'""""""'
ehthhm
'n'.|l.mgrrrIre- r.-u.|ru-I-I-rur
l|'ll'|'I-DI-'ll|IIb'i held-nu
HIII-IHHIIICIL-I
-Finn-out -:0-Hal
T,
"'Il;="IE:l.E!&_._"i-31%
sipn-I~d to
llE the border -I:roI.|irI-u
pro-oe-dire. it In err-orrnot.rc
In l:roI.h-ornrns -'ln1.IoIin;l:-y cltnqrtwyto
Ivlolsy-araorroy furrvtohdoneua -a lull body
scant "rs prlrfo-Imn-cl.
Atdrrll.-nrut
..
Q ...- g ._
'79 """""""'
Q,
l-uruonrrrsc-ntrri-l
uuucu-on
*5
-ITI
EL-=s.I:_irta_te_'l.a _Er.-:|.u
It-buurthu
ra..ua.r-um...
+ it? @
MI'l'lII'I"l'UIIII Il'lrit'I
From Free to
Restricted Mobility
111roughoutit|longandootrtploottlctory.dtoSl.ll:iE|ra-
A-Itllrol Ihpp-III-IIIII
'
II
.InII-H11.
Oriya u trduvnlcpnilntollorrg-raitgnoactqlust
tradevrlodlctlnot polliloaluriltscrcaira-d.l_'l1Iu'arr:lrtlonal
lr'_hhystntIrIvrarcal'ivnysfragllurtIIlIs.becnu:c'rnlroon-
troli'IllIdor1tcsIrarouta:.Thnr:otltisoia'mglroi1|1alanr:l
tolIiIrld.fromornrhurbIi:boti1uotl1I.runIli'ilngeIulno-
ljrvuhnrabhoociutgasaoo
rtgtriolntumtlorlitrade
routIl.Anyo:|ocI'nIlntrada-hadao;:irtsIj:ji.rI1tn-lfootonthn
political I1l'tIi:lLItI:llhth'hh'yIllIl'I:I-DDLifdIllhIttlIlI'jI'
lnrltorlarIiri.I:i:lon.
l.Ii:h|r|-o_rir.rIa of rrrrroijy
t_-u T-'In_Ipa-Ii
SI-Iieaitzi-II
t~lIiII-Itlvrloftioridrlrlllllritiril
Tori
|'It:.arr:iti:fIrr'iI|aIfr:rIIrtrr'i-:|
l'lr-Iirwuirrprrjr-rI i-butt
IUHH
Ill-I11 hr-I.1l1-.1
hadron
1'
Irl.ItI.ll. I'll-r-t'ru.l|:Ioll.
ti-ilU'I
I..-t:i-Iie4iirirIitfit'.-I-irirIrrrir'|-
Ia-aa
with Singapore titan it was with tl'H.=.i rest of irrdorresia. Movement across the Strait was perceived by the lr1l'i.tr1:i-itants of
gapure.
'!'?"!""".?.'.'W ""."'."9.t'
9"""'W""
H-IIII-Iiveefbtnilrlt-IlItit1r'II
1.ai|I.lid|.IhI:ru|
lneIlv|eIIl1I-r:IIrhule:nI
-ltuti rnnulx.
I.;~.5'}"'
_}5~L
#4:
I -. .!| n It 1'1-tr-L:'-E-'-Ea-J.
tn-rieneete - M-Ilg-5'5 -
-.'-ss!Pm.r,eee..T_reestt
LIWr"HIIIIHIIDt|'
unnunliuneees
'|l-M'
HID
H91
&e~=w1L
'Le_tiJ;_Bere1LLr'tIec|.I
NQJ
30
Et_~eem11I_Eea_LP_e.-me e
5?"!""".?.'.'W ""."'."9.t'
border security. while in others transpert linitsancl cheetapeirlts are united as part of theserne procedure. -Ii-ltheugh
the before rnenttened examples are referring tn the berder
between 5-irtgrapere and letter. some ef the sarne cencep-ts
% I----)
.'.F.?t!.eI.:
Nine?
een h-trttetrer site be etstenred en en treane-rnicet it-tel {tel}. withetrt ee-ntiderina the
checipe-'.nt hettie. The titer ecu in both
were einoe the two on-.rnt-hies htwe ooet.rest-
>M--->
.'.!..'.l_'!.".'J.'.'.
Qe e -:%
1tr.~at=.e-'r.tit_.D_eeC
'.._'ttu_o_r'~..Fc_b-_1tI
lftti-en p-sint't' between tferent pulietr regime-c. There": no ttt-idettcoeetewiiitu tosolve theee p-ctiiticei-|:iiot:re1a.1t'tu'estt're ernr
htrtdof eeep-eretton.
.'E-mr.r_ttee.ttt1enseT
|;|Ipetre.
llneulelei
o:*:e
I-Ill-tlulsl
seosoo
ll-DEED
use-rt
i.I-DI:I't'I
Ia-er-1-_u~n_i-='i|_=24*_n-rite
5-lrgigegnle
The littering p-roceeeet the C-eueewetr eften
fell: in the httnds al Singeporean irt1enigreti-ctrt and ut.tItt:trt1I. nitsete. wtlect fut 2IE.lt'lI'f'
roeee-rte" eontluet t-nnttle eetectie-e end tiscriminttertl prectieel-. Till liite-n'rI-9 prt:-set-I
no-rtttibutee to the massive treio pants on
the C-M.IHt'iI't' teed-inn inte Sinuepere.
F?!-_*E.PE!'|_l_lFFLiE
E91911-u_u
ED%eLhH
l'HIDeI.ei|.'y'tu repiheetheetneeu-ptuith e
mega. Reopening the toner Strait tetheritirnetrec wnttl-db-Ine ! Meirrtie. but Sinqptnonelettbeenopooeed totheptoieet. Instead. itleit-rt-iehetpntsentedeprepeeelte
hil-case-cit-pl.
HrI|'I'lIIVI-Ill'Iil|Ill'|li II'II
Human Mobility
in the SIJGRI Region
tnuemtaelim
L
n
.l
"
I;-.19
.-:
H
3--'.'
I-I-III
'h' IilIlHl'I:l
1 1??!
-I'll-I2|h'nI'pI
4-Hr--1lhII.iIIi:IhuIiiIu.i
37.? sir-an-an
-'
.:=
_._
---Ulill fill
--r-l
.1. .
'I I - .-4: I
a;"'-..'t"f';- 1
E:--I
I i
-_._ .1.
------ -3-+
':
'
;..-''i
'
Eneme.amt
iituinlridsoilhllwilruanlnnmlndliir
fram3uitnt.IIi'-IrHhI4:u=IlniiuirIu.iIiwnr.
tn-nuih1$ing:pem,whueLi-nwu-nli-uIt-
er1n~|na:I..Furrh|i1urrnm1bIreHninnan-anensluuuerrieve-d'lid-lt=I'I:nt.hi1i'-rn:na:uu11rrnn~
erIorIanret'I1ae=|.ine-rd-nrlelrnuitertuetuir
:lImhr~ddf|ivinn.ThryInndtemwetlI-Iir
enhreleI1Iii|ItheIe.telteup-Iiteitlunlllaithn
ulnar-u.Sin1n-I|:nre|nu:II:unhIbntdIrf-nr
t:Irioi.:InIrwrI:le-I-n-ulleliilrvnlpu-rluxr
Iueeledueuiemlegetmedieuumaem.
erferunnialactitritianiinnepueuueftn
undtuldmrnhwnunhuidfnrdunpcr
Ihumine.
Itenemlut Monument
5'-
-L__
Htlnberell
' --
2-:
t:*._ -
h0'l.lt'ChI|'l3| Airpertcutnectspesaengetnfrunttteregiunte
dertinatien-3 i|t'I.'Jl.l'|d thewdtld. Sh1g:nuiu'scaanIraitt1rise-iri-
4-.-r---'-rii
:'
My
TH--pllphlhlntht
mnehurdfncuululiudu
treuillgl-trllzrllrlq-In-II;
Iumuul nheluu
u-I-nrqln unit In bum
E-phi.
1'i'liIIll|:I\I'h:IIII III
- ""
mel rtr-'nInden-IIII.
llh-In
~.-I-*_.:-r
?_*.'..7-
hula-Iilnun-an
M-Ihj'I|Il|t-DIIIII
* .' . *
_f
.I
.'t_-1';-:'.
IIIIIrId|II:IHriI:ItI-IIa|II'|lI
In belt nrulunl. ll-an-In
e-Inutenellunirdetuuu.
_; ~.-
._:"
mmemum
rige
-ldIii5reumn!.1nu$innnIpnr~I'nu:inI:It-Ilford:-tllniurrivutltliiilnii-IIIII1-dnIn.1'hI'r-it-flirt
renIeeeen-r:1-|nu5n1iaautinIhI-e+n~ttat-a-.ra-
tu1'mnhei'riIanthI-Ame-imudlerierierlnnr
I-rcidI'rLHI'InmIyIlrI,nutIflnduruih'u
irorule-verdueeum-ptnnmauudte
Inuindttuuvhau-d1i'iehe.Invenehr.erI'r3DC:
Rreutareeeitdneiepntentm numend
Bintani-e|rtude 1oRiuu#mHpe1enu|det
I'.'nIi:.it:l'|!nt'S|ng.-adrlnn lnills.
Ihu+IhenInrmu11u:Iteundtti.eu.theu
Mala-nlemcuunlnetiteninlhetuw-wane
nurkut-rm-thtkn. Binunudinl-era-ue
uchumeuelnhumdentiintiens.
E-'_|it.1*_"'iL|"_"!.!L'i| !'.l'
9" "I"
II|IIl'II'Il'IlItlI|'IIII'liI'l
-:1I.'.
*'' I'
lnlnl'II;aI'IdHaI1gNadin.iirporttI1Btum.Attort$oHhe
ter_I.!t_-rm
111-IrrIpl.ltoIrI'Ii'ttrll1reolntIrnaIionIl|th~
on-tuorureBLIIJRtnniortlnchntI-turn:
rnlthoul-nurtth-arefpluengaantluttnunl
ir\wnortIIh:oI:I1tuthIoIIroroot1rtIo:lngEigl'ttI.Dtrettti|-u1nrrrrot5iturn|tlnt'ni
put-|rtoI.l3ltIIt.ltir|tI:rt-oltbtri-ulrdod
utlutenternlnutuentpamgueh-tutor
f.'rt'.'ri'L
i_'Ii'I"HI
E-'_|it.1_|"iL|"_"!.!L'i| !'.l'
9" "I"
II|IIl'II'Il'IlliI|'IIII'liI'l
Constrained
Aooeasibiiity
in any archipelago. isolation in a potential ieeue. in e l'lr=Ir:IIIoitareotertoed by Illpl kiai dieerett-_r. eoweli
avetengoeaierioevtI"p'uptoit3'i6intheliIeediiforer1toouo-
Irie-.'..i'i'ti.errtearte. IhetetIertiFti'tooroee.tdt1g|.-.|:roteel:ie. it
rnightnotbe ruudelr eeehiofor-etrory passenger.
. . . . . . .
's'tnit':"'
ie.irmi:otne.i.iee.iheitei
toree-tti-ioaertein-tleethehoetithenotierb
Tltomepeieeentheeooeeetbiiitybrpttlo
osrole-:tooh'eeeitime. uieenoltendungend
izriarmunodollebertholoninnitlooen
eI'e'lhtI:t'ouiI'nu1ltogei'tee'elq:-ee-tIoi.1I'ItuFOIL
Ti'rodierut1ntitlt'leei'toteet.i'rtu:'iuooe
foreoroee-ltorderi-otet-tetrlrorrrirtnert-ere
inuimm5ionenororthe-ntrltoIim.Iodoetlheduuiititennotmtilliuliiiortioriew
theooleooiwraeeiheeteoehtleonieper
qua-ro'p-oloorneotioro,t:t'eeotrir1'eeernIeu1d
erdteeii-to-errdbotertlnotirrreetttteport.
ononeuriuunoaeatntroo-etrlee-tre-tuoinu
toIhten1.T'I'Iieieotoro1e!yhotirorIeeont\h3.r
5mrIe.IotI1'uLWl.H.He12DH.pp.i'9E5-i3IB'.vri1enitnIetnedinaeIudtrondteeo+
i'-oittoepr:-1u.trre-I-:-pt-citreert-tete-
tielvoleerertdfrominueporeto
ltentme
titlmlrortlailtlrtwerlt-lieetirtenmcie
eorrtrrttIi:ere'tI'eeetHm;|fr~ornJoi'roe'tie5itueperetthenfttern-llrnto irt-uo|:Iot'e.
tr:neoet1{uei'-.Ien1r.b-.atmdHi7ti'}r:ert-
f-eIrrIed'thetI.ne=eeItiebiniitetiteIAIe|:Ivfre-
III-I.or:reeeu:ttI|eir1u'o-dteoedhtr 'Iehret|
oeeeltvilittrh-etteettl-ltlitmeerldthetoneen
Hiuethhtirree-no.
. . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . .
. 4
-E-!Fl'|'F.l!|".'."l..|".'.!"!"It'
5" "'I"'""
3'3
The Boat
'|"l|vl-II:iI'lI-It'll!-l..!I"r'
9" "I"
nearer-roeettvrr
35
A Comparison
of Host Ttrpoiogies
It number of rllfonent boat typologies are used. deprendlru
ontttoIocationendttrpeofposeertg.or.11teboetcpsratorsare|ustaot:Irtrerse.lnsornoplaceretheoompet:itionfor
Gotrernrnent l'l
hand outoortoosslons to eecurotho ccnrtectiort. and ntaite eee transport afiordele to the pr.1i:tlic.
are-elttnno
. . .~
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-:' rt
1
r_"'
ll
r r w r uw
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4;
....
- -..
-.
5"
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...
-r.
Locetlonoi Forrloe
Tltelltereeltowethele-oetioItdiller'ent1on'i-II
wttltitlltoreqiortetede nodtineduinge
.__ I
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oersl pu-e.J
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4_"'_'.
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we-eltdevf ourc-e:"lhrirreTrefl~o'I.
ll
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II.
E;
ilit|eeerFreed-|li'erertt|ernrt1polonieeer~eoi:Ieueeditthoregior-r.1'hetfereoooirreite
|eeleul'HiIlIelue.l-Ieeltorfthelt-oeteervoee
difluerrtpurpoeeertdiuqdorttliliermt
ror.toe.Dlll5erorrtc:ernperieeorpri-retocreItereoooretotttorrt.
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lee-ttluwlatl
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Eiu TiI|.n|p.n-tr
Too-
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hm I 1|-H1 :I fI.n,|I.rr1-n
hneren
Pencl.eri'I u1:lu:n.ei
I-tirlurei
Io-r-tr leiiurte .'I1-I
1.
Frank ei'i-tl g-r.i--.-:1.
Iulios-P-G-has
-1
II-eilllnolr-tier-i:
tllul iolond lori-i.hz:-opelrcirn their tneiw. Dr.'it:-loni:|o corripletorly dilforenl 'l'e'DllId_, t:Ii'ii."-.r at low kilo-
EIIEMEE
Fast Ferry
Network
in terrneof barispiort n'rodaliIi_ee-entl lntIr-riti'gloriIloonrie-:-
1l1leclteprtlrprIrIent:ellol'tlteregloneeol1otlt.rledhtietriationeleridnetioriiilooreioctioru-.Irtternieot'oquer1o1r'
end;ioseerioIriIe=ir.ti'iernoetproi-ne1eritternrle'iiri:hetIrreen'5lngeporoendBetIn.ltlerrii':iroroetile'thItthe
'tic~ril~.lIIl.rItinlIiriirt lIconbI:p|lt'htttI:r:cnlhIcI1I
elds.3i'iigeporeuid.loltoreroeI1tooten'reiirooreier:ted
b:rti'ieSecoi1dLI'ilteitddtoC'atnesive'r:oniiteotiterelt|e.
'd'iieRiol.Ii|l.i'chh:io|mi:r. which leoinltrreecltle b5rlernr.i|i'Il'i
llrilt_eei1tongtholtiei.ilelende.orotIettd'ie.tn'Iieebet1rreen
fewewoeptlottstitoislendeottheieir rolipelege-areorihr ltleuentl Jottor.ClnDIlndn.3r.'lgeporeieetti'ieoIr'ttreotel
ol:lr1riectet'.lttteeiclti:Il'iert:qri'_et'r)r.
iitttirrrrrrsilinnlsu.
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lordtelitrel:iupmI.*iIeeolIheI'egiorI:Elnnqsore,terri.Bintei'i.Jioltitir.eriellEIhitet.
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Is-l'.IieliIriIei'ti'l'I-inter
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Pr.-in-iler-deii
I-rurilIi.irir.i-tree-u
Ti'rerIlier fei'nI'oonrieclior1uriei.e|:r1e-
lied-rdieereiiedirrtheilieirlirolilp-rilego.
Att'Ierigtherrrorigse_r,lerrra:II'iectlautn
theteitrlerep'tinlItlI-eririel'rornTelltm
Pinrio-;rLr1oTairiii.eiuPiierio.irhioItirrir
qtieisteitlb-preiototoeountitsreonsthltr
lsrieie.
l.II:|'I-'i|u:_ti.ire or "Il"'|ll']
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Er.r:it.T.-.=rt-:I.it-als
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[_.,.'.J._..u
Pneriigi
Straits cleliriiea ptimanr lJ'EHl|'_'- late, but the test of the rivetworlt is scattered. For a-zitarriple. IroITi two destetalioris in
Singapore, it :is p-t:is5i:i-le to teach litre tennirials in Batam,
which in coritrast have none or little other c=orini=_-ctions. to
other torrnirials.
2:-tr-iii Inriirrnr :
FI.r.t.,Fr:tr:r
J iinrigsung
1'.i
5-Iirii
-_|.3I:1I-III-i:_i'g-Ie of 5H"l_IQff
1!
E-I-I l'ep-on
l?" T.'.""."P."'l'
Tl|I-Fill "Il1'hI'C-|'|1'
Ferry Terminals
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Batam Centre in an Irnpertent regional trel-
EHIEEEE
-ruvru-Hui
n.In|ruh-I
it-reeineln-II
_isrImm;E-an
l.|In1uHIrhecrFrcIrrt:II1cIn'|:II.thI|lrI1i:I
reuhewhunu-hrneleenshenme
allirler-rue-rhh'uIr1u:-nIIe1r.cl_IIue.FreIn
l-hrbeuFruI.reechhgI!'uehri|verydllctni-ll-ItI'lr.eI!Il'|eIilIt'I'l:'tI::I1iIiIdtM.rI
encahheunnpeit
E%
ttiheurnaoueereueuuhrrntruiuenrrheli
nnrtinliperturllrumpcib
eulnit
eumeetlnerublnl-enthunirreeithemeg
nu-rrIo:dIitI1hinIt.Ihlprne-Iiceila-ulrlu
ierIII:II'eIrrur||c:I-Itiitl npht.
I'll!-EIIIIIIGI:|'
1'-F""""7."F' W ""."."'i.t'
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at!
like-I T_rjIrr_I-p_I-_rt
Femmesmat
Scale Connections
'|'l|vl-DtlIIlIl'i-l1'l|l-('-|'It'
I?
5-mail-Scale
1|! NH
For centuries. transportation within the region was prrr'rIarilv sera-based. over time. transportation within Singapore
and iohor stowlv oharrged to land-based modes. i-lower.-er.
it remained sea-based in the Riau beoausoof its archipelagic: geography Today. some or the smaller islands are
stil only acoessi-hie by boat. The most flexible means of
travel in the Riau Is by private boat. which provlades free
movernen-t within a certain range. at least to the nest ferry
terminal.
The smaer irsancls' limited access to theoutside
world is proving to be a hrndranoe in their growth. tourtg
|Irrr'Ir:Irtr-rrlecrr-|r1I=|'rI
llltr
_rsali:i:-I-r2._|s
It
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turn E.-'
-'rIIIIrr+Irrr'veIrIrII-I-Iclle
|'.I.l-I'.'b'lr'rI|'r 'hutrIIrI
areilbtardmltdteian
ruclt-eatrrge Ihubua-t-Ia
Int:-Irreoorrri-I-culhe
Illrrdlurlhhtlteorrthe
lIIll'||lle-H
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Itrurthrrotrtaandaprlvataorrorrerrnrrtar
tirahe.1'.l'reheet:r'rrarrh|e=Ir-eertpirietla
tadr'rnrm.1rvhlr:it-Irttitihlrirrttatl-r:Iat't|'n
rosnlnsurantortitingamnrrepela-en
tirltlllllitlr-ur.
.thegea'errvtlerideIlitreI
'|i'ratirdu-tprtoe.Tl'r|heur:lere'anirnsev~
|II'I?I'|&II.lIq:l1-frrg
aeilillrdelitfood
etude-nrreurrr-Irgono-d|.u.wIEIatrn|p-ortlh-p
prrutep-sttispnrioaarrotaeuonana
errerrortr-rrltr-lrulatriunna-rve|lr..|nr'tir-trait
t"trtatrl'rtrIt_I:n|lr|rr.rat'r'nrrrarrr:trIrtur-rirrphicrrr
ehhrr edurqhrrt.
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a
lrttlrtlaepaetlsagnprnlrrrrru-tdIli1eItl're
etnfrIeelvdtarge.HIeeabIteea1aueI.Ba|
Inibiliuahrmduirurotwnlnainh
_t_c|ore|r'.Iadu1'Ir'Iri.n_stl'ItqaIr'rt:',yllun
bepiiviedandtrlrtelmrnedinolconoer
ahtmed hpniunuiw m
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"
All- lt'iIFiiI
HIE.
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like-IT_r_Irr_I-p_I-It
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'51
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or-Llselellrdt-elttau
rtmhelhrpo
I:
1'-Ir-IrtIrb-Irslrrrael-II.-r-ri-I
r""'""""'"""""'b"
are-eaerrhorealerhe
to-in
I 1
ever-rdrrrrrri-doerrrr-Irllrra
rte-ab-rr-:er-no-redrea
cerenlarrtl.
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so-Pi i!t=trrer..Tr.rir
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rmene:I.alne:.+::re
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h"""d
Srroelttr-oets,rnedeoIveoo~dorFrbr~eg.Ieu.
aretnndforpewamlrmuinhternuolmm
brat-r. sure. or IE."-tsp-I-t:l[1',lZl'i\t.-*r'il'e oorrrparrr
bin to otlornohilee A ieidriig-I number of
I.
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weather and see oonclitie-rta. Bio-at owners olten serve es water tarrie to-r pnvste hare.
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In Beialtanu: Pa-dang.
in
its the houses are built on the seashore and have Ihti
tr - _
HI
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iaitaim
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uilirh
daoruud.itrurI_'n|iI1urupntunt-unt
Iuuindhrhmnnunuldihtudlulhl
lnndl.
TIu}t aIun_orngu-Inddnpuulrtgun
u-dnninulinunnhcnl-.I:-nILTIIuni1piIr'
hrmdndannnluyminmtuuurpin
Inlwlkhuuudhimnulliunwlr.
5!?
I'll!-EIIIIIIGI:|'
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'|"l|I-Ivltl-IIIII-G1'I"I'
BIIII|"hl|
IT
The Accessibility
of the Coastline
The urban aura: of Elnvuapnuta. Banrn. and Juhvur haul
slxpdsitgty iita pubik: access to than III. The three chin:
nlenardinrahpad Inland. with that maatlmes uucuplnd by
l'n-ht-Innnullll
-Finn:-'I'In-rinih
l'In-pl.-an
rubluhruuin-about
nlluuq -nhin
Lahocnnum-:-
uuIItiinIh|:.i:Iin|1'Itu:uh.h.IIpulnwl
pItI:tuoIluIti1.'r.lhInJ=uI-nin:r:~utiaIIh-I-
hytlkurinunoitalnntfhnp-on-lnop-nboll
nnrutanlhutnirrnrntnwntntuun
Inrtrnilltnttpnlnudiuuautiniluua
.h
EML
Dituuinwdutultrlt-nqamutiurlmlnbnuw
JuhntEdmn.Sh;:pura.nnctB|umhIneda-
t1:u1al|,undargrau.ndMlTM|nndIIrrhtI
IrIrun:rndfrurnrIuIuhnre.wiH1iirriIId
uncnulnurntl-cit-r.
Ionutwru-II'I'T-utvuu'iIHntb-uIr.1'II-Inmtltil
li11-Idwithpniunri iI'IHl'IItII.I'.''lI"I'Il.IIi-
1-ulna:-Id|'r1hnlI11d-bill-:lI.l|:-|wII:nntIII.1hI-3
-unI1nI-=tHung|m:r:mIi1hlIrIdInI3:rw-
Aaihnunhprwiannruauuh. at-|1y"i|'.5'I..
d$i1ppuIIunItthpI.iu '-Incu it.
1'I1n-rutafthuautltutnican upwhhmdan
lIinrII:I.IrIitIry':nn~nnItIIIrI:I-Irvin.
Ll-II1-lI'ht'IJltI.I'I1I:ln1'l"II.'l:|hIIl'lI'|i
aunnuuiullilrllu.
Indp.'i'u'Il&tI'biL5hHItlri1tIli'nilI:li
h.In-hnrlhruind Baum.
l.tH||:
Hnulnngnhm
irnnrattnuincac-nnlbl-|tr:n11I|ndtqrn=u.1:I'
9'51
lr
Thu-IIIHIICIII-I3n'
'|'hI-EII'IIIIGI:|'
-Inirnunnllunin
_nu-nnnnu
-
-nun-baton-_unm
!.3th-III-c_r~_u-In-:rr|-rIr_r-In-'_[
F-lIIlII"I'.|f|
-5.?
l'_:-I-I TiIl'lr_I-|)II||'
Network of
Increased
Accessibility
The central aim of the project is to facilitate connectivitv between
points through the region, by streamlining. extending. and improving
the existing transportation structure.
The secondarv goal was to present alternatives to the existing inflex-
sea-based transport.
On a practical level, the project will improve and refine existing con-
(nil!-'Itl1ul
rah-In-5-nil
III-per-IirII-Irleet
h
. .
E
GLn-rerrtli.reIterneir1el:ein'ttreeo-riInIio1:ieoIferrairr-uuru-orkc-p-muruaieorleanueqnul-.I.1'l:e
luneveriusonnfrecpaenaieeolezopemuhe
lheentin:I'Illcdtforh-eveliuetorrmtnuete
lIrlhenl1vpI'opoIel.einl'rIhIvtlIrnirIeiI
ubeuiLeIor'medirIoIergeHurbe.w'lu'oh
-eIouldbellr1ire-dtooneenor-erlnerenlonei
ouwoutlleoreleulreroiinehwotidirnlri-no
tl1re1ered:on'eHe.rlre.erudr:=or-inecluwrlhe
lnowmhnwuu
mwnm
reueb
lirsumorgerrhedlrsdfluiahldem
nt
on-overelrretworlr nIouln:Ibeoon-uerooree-l-
limited number oi strategically sited hube In the urban labrio wotkl oonneotto the region vhiestlerriee. in addition
to oenlreliutlon. the edvmlegee Include greets ltequencv,
improved eliilctericgr, and reduced trevelthne. We propose
reducing Iheeixdiliierent ferrvopuetors toiuet one. This
Tealttbl.-Le:-s
Eneb eliiuenewoentrlltrlruportinle
huteuonrlsllnheed-rm-rtaaeoi'Tei1eh Inle-
eIe.II;|lhecil'r'HI|liTe1rIn.FeetfIn'iII
wouldoorlrectlhereglaonivltitllneworid.
Looerr-neoirlieurlhedionrinriiorrpwlll
huououridexpeuinelnreiiulionelootrieteno
-AIoIlnr'II'riuiIl=I.Fu:Ir'eIr.|IrI|:Ile..I|iir|:rcIr'IEeeIel
h'rLlllsoene.ieII|l-cliieio-hlh-opeIedb5rS'erle|
ueodrnunriunhioonedmrrumh
Ill'|'
l|'
.iEeenrt.ti.oathr.
Johor gait
-*"-._-.
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over the Causeway and Second Unit. the only two land
.-
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- -rt:-oelrirteloteeend
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ran-we-one!
can
ro-|-anal-nano-that
p-nugpen.-eq.uv-es
.r'
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III-Iiilr-I-rII1Ir-I-rlie-rio-I-tl
,-
n.i-erummiuu-new
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aw:
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aioi-1
tlierrteprhoualra-|J:e'ti-or
Fire: "In plaoenvrllrl
l|'nr:I:-ll-tee-I.er;r.'I1I:ll
-ii-ndcplzpq.
'h'IIK'IhIIv
II-
-i-L-.-J!
H
I
l.
.
q_
I
tieltoreviteilxetheee miuimrrgpteagtyncmusapueoi
tl'ieco?as.tIrie.DIavrhgfror11tl'ieitx'ighiatoryofb-oettnvel
arilhtlaeseelitltheirjsuhlrltme.
Sources
Sea Transport
E-ls".-':
Chariortetowr:AootnPreee.
Lirutlrlrni. Llr.t2i2I1tJj.3-ir'rueporl'rBon:lrI'~
ier'id.Tourieee..|iIigrrerlonent!Aneletieeof
M-tilia'|Ih'.Eirr-pep-rrr1I:l'lItitinaJl.i1-river y
otingepore.
amteoist
Lire-1;;-ts
lntemet
t.ueree.L.irurine..P.{2EII1}.&tenurndrhe
BIrter.litr|.l;2i:liIliE'i.Mti'lip=Ie|:IlrnenItoneIn
Phootieongusocroee oruutrneport
Lnrhthett.-onrnectentliiiivi-tl-elngapore
Ir-t|JtIiIar.|-iltrli-IL!LI'-i-IHeoli:t:'5eII~
It-tIr'nt.-Ii"{1l.2tt'l'-3t3.
Ford. M-. Lyons. L. T.t!.'tUil3i'Ei.l'l'ir-Bartlet:
liriiiclllobiityendirnsloumehatlrre
i'OCil5il?'i'1l1'5?~2'?l
TI-IrttrtiorulU'I'|rr-trItdBor:|erAI'n:iaty.
1mrvr.pecllel'erry.eom.eg
wuaetlunulnitfermoorn
p.1"l:~2&-lilrliorie-a.'i3..Leu.A..Hueng.J..
tl'lIuot|L.Ehu1.5.J.tEd.}.C1lJ11] The
E.'.ettaetrrey.5int|apore:liietione-lArt:l'rlveI
diignpue.
Shgep-orre.-irIIjxneot'5oriIt1eur.leter1
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MEMORY
ARCHIPELAGO
Living Heritage
in the Sea Region
I:
.-'0
E
r.
.=-
by
Manuel Crepaz
Herr-rue tame
p.12
p.d2
Archipelago of Heritage
Island Heritage
Everyday I51-U'id{p.-I15]
Forgotten Destination lp.-Iiiii
Carcerary island {p.5Di
Happy l-||'Ii:l'l|Ct.5.'3l
Llnnarned Island [p.511]
p.23
Scanning the
Physical Geography
the island Archive ip.aD]Extandocl Mainland {p.361
"5lngap-or-sanitation oi Bintan [p..'ilEl.i
p.53
Riau Archipelago
Heritage Parlt
Natural t':uiturat Heritage Parlt {pert}
II.-.-t-..|i;-ruin at or --'"-r-
ii-I-rn Brra-:-M
tale.-my I.-.-l-up-etnqn
industrial zones, and have turned into inaccessible areas. This industrially occupied areas of the coastline now stand in between the cities and the sea: the urban centers and the residential areas are withdrawn inland from the coast.
The islands economies, ways of life and daily routines have changed
too; the traditional cultures of the archipelago can still be found on
while the modern life and employment possibilities are strong mag-
nets for migration to the cities on the bigger islands, or on the land.
from their proximity to Singapore. but the tensions between the ensuing tourist developments and the island communities remain.
This project attempts to portray the unique way of life in the archi-
the territory of the living heritage of the entire region. The role and the
practices of heritage protection in the region have been further examined and presented. its a possible vision of such Memory Archipelago.
the project proposes a heritage park. which allows the establishment
of noninvasive forms of tourism and urban living in the archipelago
landscapes, in alliance with nature. The parlr supports the local island
I1:-l
l--u
I-ut gt-a.1n'iy
s-:.-
rate-:1.
chipelago heritage parlt is situated off the west coast of Batam. which
5" "'l"i""
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Archipelago as
Heritage
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Territories of Heritage
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Scanning
I-Ir VIP"
the Physical
Geography
Each island in the archipelago is different from the others. Each has
different properties that allow it to be distinguished from the rest of
the archipelago. An island can typically be defined by its form. name
and functions. These isiand qualities used to be a constant in the
past. today. they are increasingly put into question. To understand the
dynamics of the island transformations, it is essential to have an overview on the actual situation.
The land area and the form of some of these islands changes ccnstantly due to processes of land reclamation. Their names also
change over the course of history or even vanish. This archive seeks
1|:l.p-atlnellhl Pun
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The Island
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F -|'|=="-'1'" '--I-'T"|"|-I"I.'1
r'1:1-[u,1u.'.'1r1 l;i[I
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Tutu; |-ilr-ul
I.lI-tr. |-'tf-1I'|'-
4 _.--;d.;1'1 _-..|1I.;111_u-._-
|"'.1-t.I.ll':-IJII |.l'?'
PI1.'1-u-.1'I|-:11 I
I--rhiiuci-1.uI-:-|'1r-m:I'-_1
E-Io Bechte-
Herr-ary l-rr|'-Ir=IlIq-:-
Extended
'|.
I-11d-ullrul -trI.lI1rI-do
r.1nptn'luir_11i-1 'i'1.1rIq1|g-1:11;
Mainland
5-I'IIuIprJil'I-in1-'.i'|Irl IIII
-- hlI1:Ibi'111'
Is-Ja_r_irl_'C1-a_ra-1:1 tier-11ri_-11.1_1111r_a1i_
tn the r.e1ui qf.lur1:1ngIi11lnn1;l.|he1rri;1i: 11. new
q1.._i'II1. '
.I
_.
.1-II:-I
-4
t-!.eo.s.tt4t'1=t-era:-l. !=.L=t-1_<1.rE
I-:I.'IIIL-Iii: Ila-cl
"- 1l'l1'I|"I1
.'1.-eluqln.
IIH-n1IlId
l|r1-:i:1-21.1.11.
-_
I-'|'l|i'lliT_li1ilt2il er-riirr_1
He-"cry l-iri-i-r-lingo
E-to is-.'i-zm
"Singaporeanization"
of Bintan
Since the 19705. the growing need for land pusherl Singapore to expand its economic operations onto the islands
of E-atann and Bintan. This only became possible through
the concept of the Growth Triangle. which territorializcd 1n
the form of special economic tones. The special ecoinornic
zone in the north of Bintan was developed into a tourist
enclave. run by Singaporean coniparues. The gover nmenrs
ol t-1lng.iirp-ore rind Inrlonesie contiilzrtiie to the creation of a
gated gl-oi:ial1sm'. which here occurs at the es p-ense oile-
Too
-|_.lirir.g.1-Irs'.e;|-e
v'-
Is-
lihstt i
lhi
{.|r| HQ-any-II
II'_
U1.-._-.rr l.i,-h.-r.-slug.-_t
kl
let-
Mir: :1 II.'|'|I.n''I
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area.
herrtage
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15'
|-it-re-I1 lath:-III-no
Island
Heritage
Each island in this region is significant different from the others. Each
island has its own history, people and thus. unique cultural heritage.
Main distinctions were made according to the type of activities carried out on the island, its people and infrastructures. Additionally
forms of relations and connections among the islands in the archipelago determine the islands typologies. The typologies include: the
"Everyday Islands''. the "Forgotten Destinations". the "Carcerary Is-
|I|lI'IdHlrIH-go
l.H:h-III-c_n.rIe er 5I1'i|'|i.'i|]'
|-l_eI.i-ant -irIIi'?|"|''3'
Selieiritzi-rt
ltllnd Hlfll ll
I5
l.Is.!v_dt='.t_i:I.
i?.hs.n-air-.a.'e!w:!her.t
ufl.-.l.|nd|I1|tah-ilnnltl
-4-.r!.
-'41;
-1.91
E+'IM:-
I-.11.
u.-ru.
l'lr'Ili.: F-ehinn
Ci'l'i W'1: PLIIIILI DIITII
E: was at I-no-nnclttry Icl-t-no-I Englrlh
an
r-''
Age 5|
'lr'lrit:i-r|:: Ftnhrrrg Ind RT
Origin: Born on Pulau Altar
in
.III
' iii. E
IIII
EC
lE1'_'"f'19_ii1!1TJ5;!_t_1=1t'_$.*"_t|l.l!'LJ!_3!Et|5_!
Q .
I-'t|'|-'lli:|'-all at er-err;
SH Bernar-
I-letr-tiry it-irhrolllg-a
lllld HI-i'itl'D-ti
E-ri&_|'5'I'ie}j_|s|Ind
l?
'|
Frat-.' trituw ad use-tint;-at.
II1=.'P'!P't'
t-It-vi-cu
I Pii-t-I-r I-ti-o-tivl
- til-tie-zrue
2|
trrlq-r|'.rI'r-rir.I|:h..p:o..|n.'-arttiq-rt_
li-|i"t-'-AMI
Everyday Island
The Everyday Island irlre PuL'in.i i.anglr:tng ltecil is the most
comrnon typology found in this port of the archipelago
The population or these islands is sltrintung and the main
activitires are dened almost airclusively by lishirig. The settlunents are usually small clusters ot hoosm that grow radially Into the sea arotrnd a center. which typicaly include
a mosttue and a primary school. They norrnrily laclt aooess
to clean water on the island and are strongly dependent on
other islands for other facilities.
'ii_tH'nn'ty
|n'\d.IIt.lN'J
TrI==|iiie:iitt.i_iri.- Ffertniiti
Than Icing history of certain sit-as gitnr.-it the tieglon a 1trongidentity.l'-laritu-no custure and
traditional way: of living at-:in-3 tiviththe rit'Jt-
.'It'\-I1
rtege.
l.||:|'I-'lli:_I't.ri|l at term-tiij;
|-{Herr I-rh-r-III-rt-i
seeegnan
ll1lI|"t.iHi||1It:|-I
l_'~i:-iaeiten
l"l.t1't'I-'ig.-citl't.Ieut..:-I-nht.r II'I
1.3.-_-=_4_i'_rs_Ii_-=_n_TirEl_i=.i-.oir
lhehet'urri-rte-raeleli-Ii I-:|e
'IIhI':l"I
H fnrrierr t-:.'|i-oi-'.I-I
I Serirltetr
- art-aeou-I
td.|n-denI|I.llr.'trig.nrt
SIIT-be
_-..rHe.
:'.
'
/'I
-"l.l_;_:.g_'$!':.-:.::'-eke
'-=-r-i--.'III:I_--I-rt
_.,_
-la.
'-.
.'l.
Forgotten Destination
Islarids with a rich past history. which is legible In material
elements on the island represent a strong site of heritage
and interest. Srimbti island had strong relations with the
Dutch before independence.
Delis
At. we can rune Item the oooutltion numbers. ect:-i1r:i-my and production activities are
1:t-nae.-paring on tire M:..rtlamd'
Lll.!.!E'L''_=!.'G!El1E!
I-
-u
#1..-er
.
-t---'-
-t._
"--.: Hr-.
::-..-I. in!
l.I1:hl|I-:_tuII-H 5IIl'"_H7l:[
IIJ
5'lIInI'I'.|'|'|
|-H-.-I-'1 I'I"l?'||'-I-
llllfld H'll'lIlDIII
|$a,r_er_m
l'uI1lr|1un'l ifu-l'|.I-tI.II'
an-.r_-:d_T:n:~:&en:
III-Id Into-II.
H t'\r-Irunr Irhw-I
l-.
5|-Itel
I-le-|1ImII'-Iti. I'lI~5-IIIITIH
n-nut-new-Irie-c-rIrrI-cue-n
Fuel"-Inillln-cl
-IIAH-our
.1:
huuuuneeeltumu-r
Inland nal-H-
1.-agape-I-1u.:HIe IMM-
hurl-pie-.I'h1
E.
Cemetery Island
Funteey Istand Development Pte- Ltd. was eetehlislted in
2010 to pursue the vision of eteeting the largest eee-path
in the world- this Vtsh is menifeete-cl in the 300 million
5:3-D develep-ment ef a cluster of six istands tnte Funtesar islenel. The real estate in M16 km from Sentese Cove. and the
prices fat -3 brur.-gelew statt frern 36,'DD{t SGD. the development el te-urist EfH:T 't|'E:5 has created a fragmented cendtien "It the Singeperedndenesie betder mne. This ttrpe ef
gated glcrbelisun dlseemeets the islerltls from the test ef
!'e1eh-!etn_tr;!
E.-my-!.eI_t_t.=.'_rn-.2 gr...
aivsitat-em
The Iutuna at thus He is EH1 ennleeed cemmut ly131 p-enple mni ye-tn1'u-nq lrnrn
pe-re with no i|'Itll=l an Inteuru-1-a with the
:u.IrrI:IurI-ring arm; The re-1I..r|li:nnintetrt.I|:n
iiz
tial inI:ern::t.'n:utu.
}D'|1'
!-?""""."?.'.'"""."'."?.t'
9""""'I"'V"'
5?
"W" ''''''|''''
5*
"" "I-'ui'I'.="7':.7n..'T"""'
Instant
H In-I-vuzl-H
:,_
_ 3-|iHtF*I
hIu-Ieu-I-
*--+
I.llu.| 'tHa
Em-id
heat.
..'L".7"..I.I., ......
kqhm-o-an
up 'reuml.n-ununn
antennae-titan-tq-H-ultra
.,:'::.......m":::..*-....
II
J.
ii
|.I'k-ili
.,
trm-nan
Inn-=1 one-duI=tI:-H
Happy
|5|3n,d
thlh
ndhft t tu .T
I el
tr .wh'heewe
3,, 5u,,:::fWrE,ar,:::;:.:h2,$u::,1m?; g" M,
Willi.
""'' |
m;..;,.;. I
um
|_._t;1_y_"|'_1_'.I_|.3|,aj
an: my
""
rm:
nae !
.
.
1?3r_t_qI'_*!E*=1|_!'_d_.1'Ll_d_'l19_ _|
li
pplrru.
W hum """"'"5
'""""'*""
' "'
ui1:ltI1l1'H1.luFtJ|IuH-I!lHIIItuFIII1Ih.l|'ta
horn: In our nmnly rruet Incl-an-ninn Iriqnd
l.II:|1-'r|v:_n.n or "Il"'|Ill'|
5-Illeuvun
5]
He-very lath:-III-no
Irllncl HI-rune
He-rururnic-erll hl
Ill-Iltllillll
:-
3'-eh:-IS-=I'ItI
Unnamed Island
Univ it short distartoe {tom the urban oentre-s of Singapore
and Batam. untouched islands sppe:-tr. Covered In mengroves. these islands ervcl their surrounding vvnters serve as
source of lrvetiho-od for fishermen. It is or uoiel to preserve
-""_i-!=l'!!-ti-ttl!ttI!=!'!+.Q't.1I_'t_I.E_'-id!-'
fully cup-rtsideripcl.
l.Ir:hl|I-c_n.rIo-:It 5Itl'll_Htl:[
5'lIInI'I'.|'|'|
|-H-.-I-'1 r'l"l?'||'-2-
llllfld H'll'lIlDIII
II?
!I1tu,r_Ir.=.|=itt".*. in that
t'Lt1ii=Li=-92
r Idlltltth
is-vi-tor
Hon-q-I.-I
'!'?".l'l"'El'?.'.'W.""."!"!.t'
5" "WW
55
Riau Archipelago
Heritage Park
The idea of the project is to acknowledge and promote the potential
created by high density of living heritage in the Riau Archipelago.
and. by doing so, create opportunities for its revitalization. Increasing
the intensity of linkages between the islands of the area would be the
basis for fonrting a single, large island constellation named "Riau Ar-
I:-i.u|~I't:"vDIIItN'lII-I|I'Iu-IFIII
.
.-
_.
11...
._..
..
...
..
.
....
r._
...
..
I
. r. r_.e_v.s_.
.
Traditional
Production
Tourism
Mangrove as Attraction
Handc
lit'a U
Em -Tmmsm
.l
Archipelago
Retail Market
Hamaga
.-
I_,..r
Historical Sites
P fk
/ifMangrove Reserve Eh
Nature
Archipelago
3i'3"'VE't-lit
Forest Areas
Cultural
Heritage
Sources
iviemorv Archipelago
i
Earur.1ttA.I_2DDBl.:anrmtSirii;n:iorata-
hrtit|..Parlpl-ierai lrlali-timid.-islirnrzlihlrli-ig
the LirIt.lI1BildIool1ho.l3.{l3-Cl-l.|'tdII"
r'ng-latar':ia.~Tl'ial.Iiupacroi|'FhIdLlrilrI.
tats-irtnpe-ageIartls.e-oiti
wvrvnaisirouhhr-qpudu-ip.oaIn
IE:-iarlotsa-taavriuhoeirnlhaaa.
c"v-Iii-u.lJ.P..SaI.l..L.l_'...'i2|1l]-..i5i.l3ItroI|:oct
oItl't'ratZtuar-i..adauiHiroor-ji.-. Ftie attariid
Ptaaeritoflblaarsgllhndiishgapora.
t2:i'iuIl'-'i:il'rS-ing.l..uleL-Ii:inu$I!rr.$ulp-arauli'i'rirl-dirrlarnrlilliislhrlrillal-rli-ii}.
Wills E.i:1t.-*l2|'l]L l.ai'ii:laI:apaPl-Irininp tr-3'ir1~
gaipir:-ia~.5&impna-ra-.I'laI1i:r1l.li-iliriai-its-of
5ii'igap-ore.
git!-In
Bsirviireli. T.. IrIi.r.'rIiii..H.. ilr E-ldairirlisl. l2DD'l'1'-'l'Giohll 'l'..'.it~,.- Frorrtianc Singapore: I-rrtan
turd and the Dontaatied Socle-poitioat
thographlea -oi Ertan. ind-on-hi-. inwnillrtrrili Jorillt H Urltiit and
altatlaii-ca2t2Il3ifiiirai.aa=l-irr.
Its-alchritaj. 'raarbc-oi: of Statistics Eingr
peiia it-t.
b'tit.-Irtri-isiara
Hiiri-:io,l7'ialau5a.rnhu.
ia.Pi.ilIi..ilitar:iai1.
ltnchmui..PtilauAlrar.
AndPr.h.rBrrlaI:anoP-adanu.
AI:-rlilat-r.li:l:.Fi.rlauLai-iIr.ani;|.
Tonvnv. Pull-user-ang.
DtIh't'.PulauSarIil:ii.i.
tilot-at-nrnad.l3uIauFtIiaa1i.
Erhr'r'ar.iao-i.i.Pu|auE-iilafltario
_|'t.'l
is-vriI.tl-Illiiartapoimtlsrn
iiraiiaiadldpadimarg
is-vnuivvlirhi-aiaai.org
wIrw.rlari.iiaritIoo.arr|
iwria-.noc:i'ah.canv.ac.ut
iwnuharritage-at:-g
WWW-D tlli
litl
lthltit
_'
.--
-ru_-..-
___
-
--Il
1
''
'I'
__
-.
_IiI
:__-
_'_
i-'I""12
-1- .-
-
._.__'.-i'
.
I.
|_
--.-
"'
__
_._-
I.
Arciliitecture e-fTIiII'iili:ii'1'
ETH Enrich
SEA
URBAN
Towards a Public
Sea Space
bi-'
Pen-m.C-o-uI:i:i1:ii:iuli:i-I
Aleiialo De Gettarri
Hana Hortig
Sielenire Ifnutzlp
p.12
p.53
Grammar of
Merging Land
(Dis-J Engagement
and Sea
p.13
p-.72
Urban Territory
Oceanopolis
p.-I12
This document is an intermediary research result. designed for noncommercial use. Do not com. translate, publish, licence or sell the
-|.|t1|v|lI-G_|'lirI|lI:||'5IIl'llH2l]'
an Luann-
5'lIInI'I'.|'|'|
lnrrnmp:n-rH'-
I_.__|'.--'.''1 -ii :9
the Singapore Strait and the region's coastal areas. At the same time,
shared interests in investment opportunities. flows of goods. neces-
nil-dborln-IL
mu
fI.I 1v.n1.
5-hp:
I--rhiru:_r-i.uo|'1r--Itry
E-Io Motrin
1:!
5-H U-'tl|l|'|-ll
Grammar of
(Dis-) Engagement
Unlocking the potential of a territory implies understanding and
grasping the relation of given territory to its surroundings, as well as
to its inhabitants. In our study of the Singapore Strait as an urban ter-
ritory. the first step was to comprehend how the local populations re-
I-'lZl'|-'lliI_|'-.i|lI:Il'I|"i'N1lI|'-,i
Ii
E-to Hornet-
EIII-I U-'lH"|-"I-'
Shifting
Perceptions
Lying one degree north of the equator and a small strait
south of Johor Bahru is the lozenge-shaped island of Sin
gap-ore. it is considered both the southernmost city of the
Malay Peninsula and the northerrirnost island in Indonesia's
|3'|'|'t|I3:t:lt:--I 5|--tclll.
Ftiau rlirchipelago
Fctounrrrru
21Lt'I
rrtlh
|_r1Ir_-=_i.=i_r=:=el|=_i-_n__=';i I_l._r~a~_'=-.1
lltl-I3-I3-l' l"I-ll.
Fear a nd Distance
As eloquently presented in the worlts. of Charles Lim. Singapore's relation to the sea is one ol a volu nlary nullification
and dE1Eil'Bl33Il:El=ll.
A 2011 advertisement of the Singapore l-lavy reads:
"Ne all talie the sea for granted. But that wouldnt be pos-
l1l.l:l!.'."._?:_l\-'__".":*.l.l'_t.'il:* _ E
'| loturnriel tc-:.w1ri-1 3 yiti.i;ri:i none. but rrsou nl
n'iy1'1'-ondti don't avirirn as wall.
l.Ii:hli|-s_rt.rIooltlIt'Ir_i-ttrjy
Soliooitirl
tli
E_-I-I l.lIl:IIruIrI
ttrlrrnuroltlolttrlg-Iporrurtt
-Iurri-It-o-at bu-Iith.
Fr
hither I.rIiiIt.ii_tl.Irlryr'|
tI!|ii'I'u:rI.I1|:| irrillrrr
:I.|rnp-uiqtiril-iii-tan
:1
llnun-ttii-i'liaIIt:ii-outta
Iunuunohlinon
Prestige
in the case of Johor Bahru. Malaysia. the relation to the sea
proiect.
scribes it-
;Bati_J._1'?'._ra-_l.e._l3I'oI_Ie
-_|.fi:h-lil-:_t'y_I_-trl|iItjIr_io-_y'
9-IIl'og'-oti
1!
'|"tIvIS-Io-I-i-lrriritltli-Ii't.lrHI'I-lrltrt-Iti
The Sea as
Another
Urban Territory
Seaport cities like Singapore have witnessed drastic evolution and
transformations in their waterfront redevelopment.
Over time. the port functions and infrastructures changed dramatically.
and with them the place of the port in the urban fabric of the city.
The port's human element has been reduced by technological advancements and automation in maritime and trade logistics. its interaction with the city has been reduced by expanding infrastructure.
such that the city has gradually retreated from the active waterfront.
_ ._ . -.~._~
_ .
l
-"
-N-.'.'
1::
IL'_'*I.r.
._1_
.
l-tovihrinq-thud-IrIol.'r
HIrII I't!li
S-lrr-pup-air-at.rIril'Ia-iri
I-II1I:t1tltM--C|'D.l1.'lEl'|II
II
t-Io iioanaii
'Ei.|-| I_i.it;i.;ruii-
Sea
Users
Our search to tindersianrl the iirb-anited territory oi the
Strait began by trying to discern and quantify the various
take place within the Strait and ultimately realize the strong
trafticlted rernrory
4|:-_nu
im
.,.
:"li'i'.|iig.-i flr'III.
*
l'll'li It-i-LIi'i:iti' iii-:-i
IIi
!'-I.1 |"..g| ".i-:ii.tii|i
L-
i"ti
2'2 H'1'lh-i'.i.|
'.-:'.i Llig-il
"
Luigi:
I.-aiirci
Iin-ind i.iIi"l
1'li. His-ititii.rIi
.'1i. so-i-i;-Il -
I1. =_iiiia-
L-u|1lr
Lm
r_.m..
i'.Ii'|Iil
..
-.
in. T.
__i "5'
'
-
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E"
. I
~ .
_'
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I'll
-i-i.
..-"
ll.
i'
-ilir
RH
Ti Eilhli t-an
"'
11:-.laii
l
III
l,i'
--
3.|1,
'
' '5"
'-t"Ii F'ihioIrI'.pdi
1 If|_"'u
.. __
"
.I
i-i.Irli
III.
E,
ii-_q_i_Il
:li't.
ii.'Jigi_'a
___,-"'-
I
I
__i"'
A Pr:-larired Clientele
Etitiit i.-i:it1tl'- rear. -ucludiri l'i'i-iist tittilltli between Europe :i.-ii-d China. and nearly all trio
i.iiii-;lZ.ii oil that rn-mien from rh-ri F'it-r:ip.1in C5-iill
'..'lii.
Illa)--Fr; ".-_ti'.I
' _
rril|
lilt:-l
ad.
II. Iii;-'li
! lIl'_1rl
Ii-iiillli
,_,t,.__.w:_M_ M ...,m.,
5 kn,
5.1
an |,.|.IturI.IL-
1'h-Ii-u-I-I--'m-Izurhu uni:-u|'1-rrnsn-w
2'-2|
E-'_|?5.1*_"'E|"_"!.!L'i| !'.l'
9" "I"
EAL-!'.|'_"_._."
'|'1l-Hill-Il'IIL'Il'Ii'|I:'l'bl'|'
Revealing the
Seaway Cede
lnternette-nelend_netIene|1eut: and Ieglelattune that preeilely reguletethe muzrulmentef veesefewtmln the dlerent
ltlietlleensgmrern the henrly nailehed Straits. Slmli-at to
land-based transport nehvetlre. eeltranepart ie eomprh-ed
ottrarlc eerridan. ptlmanr and re-aendanr Irellc lane.-t. enehceirrg zenn andden-ed rnaneuver Ienee.
vaeselshavethonborrytocmes hnmmnruonal uetem
-Ithl-rlIIeI.|ImIIIr
-IlIl'hl'I:|IIIl|I:-I1!
-t-IrIl'i4'IIIII:IHIaI'II
pennheelelt II mandatory.
This hlghhr planned and rnenltened tertltenr suppurte
pelitieal burden. and bnuntlmee that Interact with the
.5 'IaIrIiruetIIIh-Fll bd
neummultmuiu muttineregtlr
liurI|.binne-tuuuherlehinldled-utl'n
right-el-vnrlenuuerneahmheom
l.I1:.SIIl|hII'|.-'I|n1iI-IS-Itli ereulur|r:Ivideuzttu-saeeuenuerre-di-entiaraelhneelhel
f.eaiteteIheuuIniumerrdflnrwoterau-
luau-I-M-In
III-nelewnhevuitltnbunveurneef
line-gneltnle
ul
5tH}uGTend|h-anuuithelengthelcln
Intllbinlennhnediefdhw
nchthnd
f=e5rwr,It
':sam%.tmu.utn
Iraernlll-aruln:-nuuenemdurue-mid
ne uiueuut uunmdd
uuamm
leIeh|aaIhehm-deehhemIheeuH'ret-
ltIp'.Ih-Iveatnutml-I1I.tnn:Ii1'I1Ie--In|'on:nI:rr':IrIt
e-penegtmuirupeaeundudenenrnurut
elfrinryatel-ehreepe-alheeenmtry.
Th-:1:-uettzi-anal:-aurrIen.tI'--u-al-act
"feud-wBenu=|.hneetharnIknhI-jiirrtluie
H nhuue eneiheyemuhetpelvuln
in-up-uhle.|tIII-I'IIl:I1'III:.=beI1s' Ittuunlrnll-Id
md-nuleerulhdbarllirupaulwerutl-oral
etlvaritulevttttelttturnenel-enlenhr
Ier:g;.t|lh||einu'ne1'eIe':B-e.u.Iheueu:Jh
nlrnunutttrheeuttlctvtitlfueie tuilivu
en-u:1n1md.nI-dorhl-Jnstaoerittlrnuuh.
neu}
Illh
l
man!
21"!
-M%iIIII'
'
Tri'n:II1lFl__;____lJI'_ng' 1'nnee_
.An:har1In;|IenIIu=|.nu.n:hHeeItpukI.
hpeidharuu:r:k'n.nue.The:nd1nrhn'HI'n-r
em-u'nmurn-ent nlvehnthdrenp-Id
mlllhlu-|tftedirem uIIIhettem.TluIfIn
i:_u:.Ile:.iuedt:ynIJtEphi-Igd-|eueu-el'eun-
ruermsimqepuawewnhieuud:-ucl
utuiutlnee-Ihhapuiunhwml
udmwlmmetevtiuiheneh
Ilaihe-:ld1ele:Ifet'uIeeeIe|:er.eI:nr|.
min-m u enaemunuthuiueda
trunehhuetuwnirantlundnnb-face:-who
""""""
ntnwaryhetsveeswtirellerenleunntrile.
dlulqhlnlndep-IndIlImer1ne|-gu'I.
Thenrp-euuflnelwchueunberepwhd
tn-theet.IhnlIuie|lereh.uII.TIe~|ue|uIIu
rrulntleeemtureliehuiluelnnehetum
idilhnue
hpnnh
m
juulhiph
I:-mhnertilhhntiweloenuarth-denim
ThIre|'4:tI.In-::|wI'i'II:IIau1'III:1Ib-II":-Ilnr
nun-'-ntwuinunmrm.
T|'iI'|'nee-el~ethItuIemIIecepeemet|e=un-
elnintlrheltedirthrnurnllienllnulluivlnr
....g,.,.,.
{'H'1'|5]5eeten.IhIieel1ehHnueh5IrIy-
Veenhrruuieelnnumlnne -ndrqe|ed,|le.
ufdedintet-heeulTu*:liuh1'Intun:immm1
in'|b-IveIIt1H1d4:rueJ:I'.li|elIn'I.lrId
[:5 W
II-uleanlnnmmehezdhmnpiarlnuni
I'H1ql.AIpeIIInnet'uIuelewEI11:'Hl-|FIrt
Iy-atun.kneunu5TEhlTREF:.-ueedledep-ed
I,
;.
Tlni uhe-eeendi-hiq.Ig:unEl.'tIltI|rItl
pore-Itutetriterr-.ulat:t|I'n:Il:nr1-I|1p-rqriallirnu
"'"""'
Ieduttuuidtluihn-v:nIpI1:nI'-.I 1inln
eh-.d.ued-in-Tl-ti3ZIterI|._Fu'eeu'ehnud
-.':..t
Shppeteuetliut-Eueyeqewuilerulr
pnnuueuyu-.nutrIlI5uetu.1tuqnnmmu
dwelepeettoprerltmelefenldnlpnien.
luptnllilnihildtblr
cnmeuneunumalmueunemeu
the-ntanecltnieputuulruri-at
Iieeliult.-:|IlIuI'etclhIrp:unillIhn'ItI.
mrrlauralpeepieenbelldentltllnrenr
ei1I:I+afhenrdetI':InbubdnIIInter|rIn-tfse
ueieeenidur.
neniuhuf ur us-iinnw
oompH1ed\IhtJ1II.Iee:fliu\"I'I:7-ivelern.
Ithhwmernedntrum
eudvumirnu,
wh|IInilehumIlu1IIdhrd'nFne:lnrHneIit1
Eu-Illa.
'Iimd|1niheeu-elhbelrnd-edtI!1IeI'
enhunevdeelucotu-ulelenl-Itinnthe-pert
I:et|dplh|u'tthelhepIet.THeIe.|aurumn
nlemutlasteeeuuinetlletrnc rnnu
5h:i.IBnaHn-eminenpraurinnudurht
vent-etlluie-I-tilheieuuauitiltinu-uuiuul
1uuhe!Em:ndeheuIue:eqr.iItdte:nnew-taelheiruni-Ilenrimnmeu-rive
11:HIrII:-Ilure_-I'rhIll':ieI1:Ieppr-aeclirlu
deeii-opaI'theII'ntp.eeIocrIlpiIeh|tIfu-nliIr'nihmueIhd.euuI-alnthre-inruilh
dithulfi lr urleeflwunicuhlim-9
aumtheinmplfuhqituirngmedlue
|m.Iurgemhauuu-enquhultenatity
y$g
Buanlnerlrnnuidiuiplrueeuvur-nell rhr
tlwerurreraetelndemeie-wall-ninerdeuwn
"Ni-'3"""'"5"-'*5"""|1'"l.'3"'|l'
:lIaII!-Irelernntueeinnetueenrpneliiwu-at
uullcuulnhe-deeimm-twin.
al nrnuhwruueuidlbenerwhhl
e$eumr.UIun|unnIinnlua:n1Ia-.nernen-
puietieeelntuvrputllhntersnruttunll
ena-1r-rrer-uu.r-en.
-E-!F'!'|".-'.*!".'.'..|"."!|!"It'
5" "'I"""
'|"tIIl-Ie-I-Mrrellr-Ir't.|I'III-I-I-tie-I1
Sea
Traffic
see traffic is regulated In a eembirratlen ef laws elmiler te
Ahleerrter he-l
eeeeeirrgrhenvn
&I
Therrlptreeeelheeetwrtyefepeeeu-rqer
vI-el.3:uedi1'I'I'eFlIr$i1g.epnre.anDI:rpbet 2014. It ieueedlerpilett:-eerdlng
ertdttzrbrirtgcme-uu1'utnb-eret:-eettendtaneth
from the enehered ehlpe te lrn-migretle-n
umrret..Tt'rtn-eneir-rpuienntp-ermiredta
ereeenetienenr-er-de-re.
H
!l
F-HF!"
3"
!I1.EI&'
"l'|".|||'-'""*"'Tl"'|'
1"
.j__
|n1I'ieuui.uIel'Itele:erriererrhi_rglrnirr
1'IIlel:P\t3~terlIrleem|..hlru.eRerleIi'rq:|I'
.ltlt:IrIeIei'tlrIglt1'aeIeel-lerqexuereehr
penrumduetulendunutdwiduw
tteereremiredrrvan-__de1eeu-urerertiesrretr.
eheu~ateeuu_:.ertIet5uuretee_rrId_eer-
untnedlnuIr:eeie~geerJrmerIg.Ir:|'rrt-oeir-gee
ehrrwuirmuiuuleuemheledhvehell
ebi.thI-eeeIeIrnprIedIFieilIriler1gt.er-
ttrrinrpph--reeeethttietreettT.lu|ttl|:ph
b-IlpIreeerIiIrLirgttIeevenIteeuIrdeht|1.
ingnueeeenmieinlnduulhemre
peetttrh.
:e1u.ti-meted-turner:-he-tnnueauiuhe
ll-Hr1r_r.'Iln'r
Illrrl-II
F""'I"""
35
ML-!!'.|'_"!."
A Barge-Fccuaed
Tranepcrt Landscape
ThevrerdtreflIc cernes frem at U-ld Italian weird rneenlng.
l
lii
tii
Ill-|'IIlHl'l'H'I*HII
T$%FHIIXiI|'
E1l ..3_'|2iIBi!9l
Tnrlev..1iIeceest:efEt'nE-ere lellrredwlth
I:-lrthedIn'-mledlerthenr-eerlrIg:IeIr\nu
vesselundetherlcreirttrsrteperhrlrleiat
l3hnele|:rnentptens|eemti'ieh-uIdlirgIu-
Iirnrltiulefsllrieerul
reintlr-Hndl
llreuhaeindiurereraueeee-euturtsrl
Isms-gin.
PeuerigerterryteIn1euh.,te:te~Ie'u'.rerrt|inFInIlnrn.|rI'IbIrIndslurrl'I:Int|5'evutdItedinlr-rlred:rI.rr:tI.irIerherteerrr1:eredte+'ihI
iwuertms-ururdtennuinpeuiicveteuue
terrrriiele.
""|"'|'|"'-'""|'*"'"-"3-I""'|I'
'1'
E-re is-.-:-zm
J!
are |.J-t\-rruI--
vuellhrplh-I' '.'.-rr-nip-all
E-1'?!
is
'|"tII-1-II-Ielirrei-Ir't.|r$'|I'-rip-Iv
-!"!F.'!!"'F.!"'.".'.."".'f'!!"!l'
The Port
ji
ll
lilh
C-FE l5fl'II-EIIFFI
haclagreet irnpacten thereteticntethe city. Time witnessed theportcltyreuehe intc twestrongh- independent
entitles: the port and the city.
l'i.1!IIl
lam-.e
1-HPDIZIIJ
Rani
..
I-rum eueeiingpeuler the British Eeettncis
Ciernpln-(cleutetwc-cIrIturieisIue.thI
partalhwgqr-usehseeerclveduehuerir-rig
cuter EQDOE centeinersn-er dl1i.ln2D1'l',th-e
Ieeeecinthecitvtermhsie-e:plree.Tl-net:-ert
thlitpllre-de nllrcln lnt:rsnr:lerrrIirI|:|$iI-
garnet-eretheuicceeetniietsndnetierrttis
te-dntinllnt-eI'rIInetvrerr:|r:In-Tusn.'|'hievriI
lreewstlrfreurt landclcsetiethecitwrtcbe
rig-ritnerlsierrecerrlrr-Iretrletctlrssialcfttre
eeeeteneci.
't|'t"-
thecaity rrrarE'.lne!t:avgl1:rbe.|lrrt-ir'r-cl-r:I|:-r'.nrI.r'r.
Theeee':hIn|:Is'riIl-rip-clitlceldecislaerrs
enderereectedl-nthe plsnninuprc-ceeect
theLlrbenl!edeveis1rrrnrn1A1ehcrttylntlue
Ihninr HIn2lJ1l:IheerI-eeirengratedtaerth
newemann-turicrienetzeneinm-eul.rteldI1s
attheeiry.
"'3.
.
:-_.-
F.'
II:
I |u_.--lp-ri. n'i|-r"p-'-E
.'-.J:
l.aJ L -
:1
Ti Ti 3 fit
a.4.a_a.g.
I-J
Tl1nF~cIteISin:npnre.er1eclttre -mubtrrin-n
perireinurewertrl, issnteie-rtransstiinrnertt
hulJ..tlse-eicrfl bigglltlsterhnrlrrg hrl:.Ind
renlrsirrhereplleepaeiuenehwrsrrnect
Iilelueit:-nIr'lt:.Ir'p:. llreIr1'Ir:runt-cfwcllifrnlue
hudecree.sedh1r5i.'i..
'I'.hiI.duphtiunn-ii-nIur'lerI.. Idiru-I:l:r'-e:r.Ilt
e:lsut-e-rrretiuenendrs-i:tinn-lieglce1edvancemurtrelletssthslhiftir-greletieneltlupert
Alva-.-er- ts
He'll-IIFHIII-H.-t .|.I-It
Inlelrllll.
tlrlrlllll-IJI.T|rriengl'IgeI
'I'eI-Inel
It'|=nIrf-
-'-tlIrI'il.|'I-rirrr-rt-riI|'IeII
Tlrrreieln--rt-Irnlep-ed
-.1 -. 1-.
1.-u.-u
-u.-u-u
cerItI'e1erir:edtreieheI1rrled.'t'et.eibeiten
inueneeueftmihwr-urnruerturpuulunliw
iI-heeII-Id1I-lea-elllgee-arII.'|Ital
-.-.r-
,.:
..
.
._ . _. -
. ..
1
-_|.3t1IlrI-l:_tgre-i:rtliIr'Ir_r-I;-Jr
E-ell-eg-err
J1
19.55
lII-al.|rl:Iarjr_le-I-
1'tIIi-eel-Mn-wt-er't.|rIeI lrrnre-Iv
Eiiirl!
CE.-Ire-etrr-rmalr
- Inttusrlalpu-In
ll:-Id-rltei onrl
rnhaerl-ate:--nesaarud
u-delua lure-iar the twelve
pmhi
l.I'r|lIl|lI3I'.'Ie
_,...
'9
H"
Exrien-dine screen
l-EDIE! llfre
Ttltidl Hl l lllll
|IHl,|!'|'
|l-C|D- *'|'lIl2h
it-It
._
li-
'
l"'._
1|
1-
'
Find-oerelnprrr-Into-Hltte teIInr|'r-out
ETD: - MIDI
'
-9-_Bretdine
In:
..
ite-
E_tM*'I_ra_|."9_r1s
sr the dry.
5?""""."F.'.'W ""?"."'i.t'
7T|I'KII|I1t#III'U|'T-1l"1'HI|I'
it-t.U.rttraitsI1i'.eesbu|r-I
sr esl
- I--1
npr.rr.ure.mua+ tam-paun
- 1'i'|'I'I:5
In-r'|'h
I! ttnrheregn
Cl-rleoerthrr
Q. N-rIhearv:|ne
F TfI'I|:
lI'"l
&1II:|.rnn
r ___J:"r
-D
15
3-I1'tIr
N
_--T
l'|rr1I-trell
|I'l|
l.It|'I-'IIr:_rure er -'-Irrnerg
5-elephe-I1
15'
lines Url:larIre'I
IlIr1arn-:lI.l'-IE-Ire
I-3
. '.
en an
the Sea
-ll?
'
age ef perts inte a certclensed small piece cf the werld. The pert city
day. as relationships between perts and cities are steadily fading, and
machines replace decitwerlters. what is left ef this thaiassic werid?
Which pepulatiens stiii interact with this saltwater werid and what re-
-' - '
-]
'
...
'
FE
-.
E'.'t511L|I.iE*!r.!
' ..
..
'
- -ai--m
I
i'l *I'I'D-"I
79:7
o
-as
,5.
en-1.?
burner.--at-.ruu-In-ner-
'
_
'
All-e1.-.|.i.r;-hqt:t-.a
_ _" _
_ ''
'
|.?H_n!itr.==! Fienrine
'
_
'_
E-I-I U-'l:|l|'I-It"
E-II FEW!
|i'|il-ail!-iillhl-Eu!-iti
15
People in
Flettriin-g Pep-iitatient
2 Earp-u I-hue
- firth-rs
Metien
- Tug he-all
ll
GE?! $l!rrIlI'e
HI'I
-ill 1'11:-eree-L-III
H'H
illllll
J'!U|:| .t.-en-*. Fl
IT
li'i'I.
:"lt't1|:-I-et:e-re
I51 Ipl:e-ts-Ital
I195:-l'II.tIt'iI.
H
I-'l.|:I-II-o-rte
Planet.-rer.sil
H
.:B-1iI p-IrIo.rrII
1'.r 5'!
'.l?i pqpreernti
ell-
Et_u_tt.i_r:1F_'r=J=:u|=Iia.n_=
Iii.
e":e
'4 ga-
41...t
1
H
a
-f.'.-15 pus-rI.ua1sl
ts-ii.
ride up ens:-t-i
frei:ii.iuri-pie-t.1l1i'i:iugh1h-o Strait.
I '-'-rrhtc-1
. flout.-I-stall
1' I-F-LII urldlltltlri
* I spit r-t:h-st-ed
J51.
5'3-ill! s-trs-:-ria
- II|I|'tgl bu-IH.
-.
'5~.'H p-arenas.
.'
i ik
ill-is-:ti-i:-ei-tr:-.!a2i
HI
-ti.
i;|'!'?-'.| p-I-I-urrei
iii
gal"!
-I-!.?!!"".-I1-|".'.'..""."!"!"Il'
5"""I"""
"5
*""""""""5"'|
|'iI.hluIII-|nM
II:iu'I-I.
'
'7
|'Il:III-I'll-If-lI|;|II-I-|r1hI
PCPIHWII.
=In|I'Il-I|'.I:-III-
!-?F!'!'|'E*:|'.'.'l'l..'|"."!"!.t'
er
5" "WW
HII'IIrhd|.hI-I-Io
rel
Workers
at Sea
Two basic groups comprise the biggest portion of trroriters
at sea-. lo-cal sailors and deepasea rrrariners. The First are
oortltaotend employees wit-o stil out for a coup-ie of weeits
at a time froth a grtren port. The latter are hired for one or
more voyages that etttertd Tor setrerd months at a tithe.
Uvinpoh themargirts of society. professional mariners
are the transient population par ettoelienoe. They travel
irorrt port to port wititout etrer resting at one port for any
more than :1 four days. which is thetithe necessary for their
vessel to be Ioededfuniesded or repaired. 't'lI'ith the quick
ttrnaround ol rnodern ships. spenditg only a rnotter of
hours In port. a seafarers free time ashore is drastically
limited. Eittoettshore, seafarers seek the piettsurett they are
-deprived oi on board.
-r ..-u..
r|IIi.'1Ii|rrr|-_I',
=.i':m;r;i__t;;'t's . . _.r[tI
-
_
_; __ ~i-- - -
1-'~t--e-1-'-:-e~'-.'T-
Et
Fll lfl-r
Pt:tt1'|C'.III-t
13D"|E.'Cl p-u'yIttIt'
It-ett-Itt'It.nft;tr
2'CIBt'||'tt;tn5rGpt]I.
5iI1oIt-I:-II:
i!7'KdGDPi
It-u-mt-past-tp-. tsaerssoo
E l -3
Hidim
!_H_w_r_I_in_$|_-'str.s2's
N34.
%'
]_ !
'l'hevcor1r.rtinert-hip-it-t-ttoe-tIir'It}ri5|lttnoer.
Ihatreertetttdttteepert-tih-|t~e;Ivcllrne-It
It:rt'|'tBi't'ildIll1dI'tI'e&ILil1.'
I'_t.eri.r!.'1P9rt't|.rtieIt
m
1teuiue-emhereatthesinigpperehtume
Clatt r ripheatoberepllre-dbettsueeof
e problem ofthe navigation equiprttet-tt.5-o
Theytmdsestt-uegize lh|ir1J'I'Ite.Int:|'.'1rt:Eng
t-ontrod: shopping Bor:-uppliet. r=su'np.rrod
E':i!E|_a'i3!-lii|_'iLtE!|1.tEe_-'3'-_l.l.t
I-'lnrlrte$or.IhPiIr it-eterrttirreiiorlotrnstl
Itiddey-trittp-trstotiutotlthlrnilllrtdeerrd
epri-asipel ihmiqrattart Intry pa-intfpr neiaten. Aterteeolshippin-psprt-n-ole; irto1ttding
PI-'|'iI1lf'I1iI'||1!''3t'.Ill'HIT.!t'||lll:|I
t.It'td-rtlelvoo-ed land seperete it from the what
fiztrtrt.
wort
llllet-iullhd
tllrl
outotItl.arin|5ounhFletettdprou|ti'-e their
aheheraqezorustteerby.
I-Ieltrurltltreithute
annul-
ntoeredinposwldteutottuerrneiearenee.
Tlr-eFiIrft.Irrot'I:nII:utn'rt'I1p:ot1elor
uefarer*utIhohetIIeit'itetreo-Ir'r!J'ydiIIro-
hutedmdertenillhgtohetriup-ertndta
titeoityor Ie-eilarers ttreitintttoertsb-srir. The
Pcieris-Itvorttteotn-dtottre-rt-'itybyrrtetert:-ttdl-eto
pubiiottut-Irnee. tat-tie-rprit-ate trenepotteItinrt. ll tllllllidflnr lhu Tat-t}t:|'t-g Pigttr 'I'e:r-
The above map shows the footprint -pl a seeflour in the city oi Eirrorrporointheforrtrorf
Iilltlt, Port Authority of 5-:'n-pipe-re Hid Singapore lhlnrirr-tr: Club. The map oorttnir-tn only
'!"_'t'!'!".L"F.'.'.'i'i."i"L!".'l'
5"""|""
%r_
HIl1IlIII |IIIH
4l_ _
zmwx
".*_.
or
......
...........
_. 1
./ 1 *~.-.
[4
an.
.i
IXKI
steel
it:rraI:eit!!j1_tha_tJt
5h-urIiI~|treforloIiIrIreiInrIr'rnend|rd-
ineeprecaunimeshquportoutituie
pt:-It-9.|*Ilenveiortrttertt.. In-or.trityoo-tttxoisatt-d
eutzermdqu-meetnnbeeemunennten
aeruItirtotte.Ti-teoperationhe-jt-ttItefere'tlte-r
CIt'ir:rI|tt-ttho-to-dmnitrtntiwettiotrdfitt-Irr
It-eerdntteuemtteouereipeuperuettd
tiit-nee-utrt-trtrtlrt-oltlrpelt-ooh.
.h.II'elt_|:rIHtrr|t'I::-III-Iltt
trhlh
eieheiihqptuorlaia-no'pua{orlyi'ot
thoeonhulntaertdtoienuuunurrtryenc:
titers].
i
_
-ounrrtll-III:-o"rrt'Jtb
!!.iiit!=.tIi'.|!lb'it.'LlEi:i|
In
Duitnltuioedinmtltioetirtnolthe rit.
ottlraolliolrelrtlreutplrltitnoaetlronbuorvd
toeuperviret!tIepet'atiott.'l1'uulot1e.hteut
ofthrerett't.rt-truly-dinerttlslrits.
suararuuetnuiaetuegaerdtaruneaeeitutn
eeeeeeltettortellrth-trttlriurttti-teenelte-red
ehitt.1lr'nheI|t-emurtrit-utIrner1ner.'l' |:ererrt-Irirteequtoyittoeeboredohttilh
teshlp
operator.
Ihpeselrt-uertlaaelbritusthesleflrerl
llpitorItoe'rIherer.uherethey|reuitrrtittedtoottrttorrtloleurerto-Iertdtoeurity
duds.
532.;
IIu-it-tet-'aC:dt(.?Jttt3i.Ttuieu-i-taPt:u-tA.u-
tI'tority.th|ehi:pirtuonrru:ehyortiteehip-
pitplp-ttortttrrtrttntr-unpertutirtrtuttile
I-elivetafrot-rtartdtethetl.
E'|ttrtre.uIi*ro5irl..se Ir~Ir'IiitItrItiI-I-olt-oiaoel
toeithltrbooiteroortt. perteitl-irtlitefrl-e
Iid'IiIidhIIt:|-|i
hI't:N'H-Idb'flhi'C1t.I:i
til-glreeaipitta-lei-t9.ntontltlye-tverttaior
miuhttuuu-ritrqomuitietuittngtnha
tret'telerredtoIEI'Ittt;lit'rterttat:iortdAit-pert
lnrropltzrllltlott.
Ill Illli
illl
Tourists
at Sea
Passenger cruising sertrioes were first lrttrodr.toed in 134141.
but be-oarrte widely popular in the 19505 aitu large passen-
PIeeert|;teI'e:
lilltertpe-ryceer
Portals:
35-tiipetyeat
ll'etrertt.refor
Ehwpere
I.EBltIlott5Gbperyeet
|'l!-rrIr'IrrrIoItIu|'Ir'trr=
H~5"l'0Ei5-GD
mmr
Sit-npap-ete'|1-nvavtsvorttlttetetrt-ir:ehLMerittaEe:.r
Crutucntueutd atgrencruieecemre
prepltioleoetlomdtehhttrneythtiee
ereeeatpertantloeeohbeyttrel. To-eooe-re
ntl-hurhetnfreuaeoniee-pone:-tentltlieh
pe:t:tent:erepreryear.Et:-Ielririuideunlne-e-
$oeeheert.ltIie.itttltelettd-tee-deettesbr
eorrteepoptlardettirtetionfertotttiutelnd
Itrltnrrtoruso-lsacIt&'t|;p:hi:lt't:ti\prt. From
IliutrneIett'teIll-..I:IlZItllietsdeeHrttIetteele.
IlIreoiorI'nrirrhitr-oorrtreetr'rr:tt;I.il:.n*e=t
Frothrriietp-erteltleeItlu5lrtaepere,I.u|le
Ltrropur.er'rdEertnl=olt.totirrtrIiztr'nutrillI<:|ee
andlnetenttentpleeentpeasu-e,ti'teueeie
Iltttttdlrrtln t:r.rltI.trIl ertdneturlsl idttetotrle
'I.t'etttt-epeea-trtaeroteorttieelinerttionly
luuulhuopputhntrrylnltinbmllgdinttue
olaltltitaietreryetop-lelirnltedtolrnere
ouplIolhor.HIeterrtrr:|eIr.lrutieI1-.
Slttnepereeloneettraetealotatelmtttre
thutlhlnterttaliorreloruiseeltlpeplrrler.
ttprerl-tied by1t'.|en'-nllnee. n-Heir-tqebeu.
rltIlIt:rttrtoIl|tu.Tl'tetIIett'rt-I.ioritt-o\'thet:-eeri-
Irtiulr-to Iromertiepettittutovterdei-hleyiie.
I'll-1|-Il
Caerttreiaeap-ebleerfattre-emrnedetlnutite
,.n
:Ii'l1.n.
..-1..."...
..Ir!I-
3'1"
Hide-III,_:","E
'''''''n' I
In t-I
M I
D *7
DIIII-It '::
lu:peetbeetIritqtorulIe|itet1lneet'uleete
d-n'qr1pl'theht.tt'ldirt-n Irtitentllatrar-benu-cl.
aatherrultterttrertoeendtthetenrotmdflpor
thetert-nltelorterteedetetalteehelevater
Iltornthelnterlor eltheeerpetltanduoertd
dey.Deep-nutereandttbeelstonoeplhuitt
rerlriotlunlpro-ti-dealer-netttrhlnubetln
tetherrtuirtlobby.
pettoetmerieruolfesterde-tthirtoartdleeeer
entlt.erlrit'mtl-teeruleeehiptlllleluinqa-the
The'lrtrniurItiertpr'o-t:e=teitveryetreartt-
n-Irtl-trrthllertpelttretrt-ale-tlt'rertteettn'ou
IirtedertdpIeeertuerttmIroutd{e'e'toe-rlit-
wei euI'InI.rep.Irtl1esIoftl'rem.'-olino
torrrIlr1el}?nIt:r:Irti3-Eln'rinr.tt-in-Thetorntir-tel
i:dniu.nedtehrtt'r:IettIo3.'ElUI-persort
cruise ships oortrturrlrtly birthed -rrlth I tot||t:lrrvouv|}hputont13.'Cip-Ittnt-Irtulre
trouIreoo.promoteeIl'rei'r|Irirre:u'e.
Enrrhql
ll.
tetlteryolthe-elty.Hertee,peeeehoetsnteIt
eheutrelyehtheeeeclturetee-nefleredby
thetnhetiterit erd-erteui-attthecity. The
'I'r'ititttre:r:n.riIeIltipb-erthtertdqtaI:iotnnter1rtit1ttlendoIrperitItIee,thelIciityreaantbtenan'rod-errltzit-y:itpcu'LLine
mattynauuu-reiupeu1a.it'n:'tunteeunthupe~
Ieertltteurltlillirlleedtn
ihttlelnerclueeettantee
up-tthuetlt-an-p
Iheeennnteleutpdtletceu
ihlIl'\'C'l'IH-I-CIIIl1'I'e
j~Ir.l'tdt|-ele
bE&E!'LElEl'
Fl ii"
5''
Illlillltl
ihlrlllllll
-Inlnnlh
e-e-an
Illtht-t-nu-he
1'nt~:httt.b:%
ltledhtbertttthteetlrtr-t:tee'lltIIr'ntl
Iborltlfhurefypiolltylvenelmhee
ntI.Ittt.IiI:twttt.ht
GnI'IeIhlp-plnetrnerehevelirtiedloeen
trwlteolttt-hdreoeeeofbtpep-erI;.tlterrtIp
ereuteeettttolrirriteeuytu-rrtit-oirrrtl
dunetttorrerlrt'uetsthepnuenpuseitt-
rthoioeteeteiretntltertteyurbbwemitu
nt::tIttesttttfrrtrrr't3rotrrtIFItrttIr:trlrttzlr-e
depIttIerot.I'tdEprh.Pn|ehnI'IlItre_the
bletltl-d.Tl'toeetultodeeldet;uetrlIltti'tIeit'
heeetheettttrorttlrittrteprlititetelttntit-Iol
thtetnpeepoeedbyttteteqteotieeertlae
Irretttltprntrtrlrtlle-ttruIttltetltr:rr.trer:'I'thIoi::r
b'rl:neIt_::It.'I\'itlte=:lttretiott'lbot.I:5It-trt.I1.
mqyuee-eyudton-iteheuuuppya.
gerlelhorteteurletettreotiottlothenln.
ueetusuutuukuueuwpphtee-nrre
Ie|I.o!thettrtiu|1lhe;.t;It-eleueotli-tItetrlel't
thenrttetlutirutrernuutloruteu-due!
Illtt-eeldunttpetittittteeltottrhtt.
!H.'E;!ES'
IeIt_'It'e|ttretttI'ltHIel7hoeteBte_..Ittd_
E-Ir.
|''''''''''W''''
13
511.2355
|'''''''W'""'
13'
tlsIt.|ttI.Egtt
|ntn|1-eloegepttouhtltttt-teellrqslrltllr
ril-otstlterenrdltleriuttttilellliettei
_
nu-e-within -nnlltituttintatut-ttrortrtrtttttortttr.
tttttttutreuettttw-tutti--titre-unr-t-rruurtttt.-:3:-r
theoterheeosttdo-ttletltorrtsouettlrtp
qntgemdp h nu e
Helttttrhnranidoslt-tr'etotttioeto'Ihe
eiir.tt-rtrliroutatn:Iutt-erritrrr-tttertntet
ert-t-tItrtrrItmttrt-tt.treiir-darrtrtI_tIer-ehI:ttr-
tny.1'tIItt1t-tlitt.l:t.e.'i'tI-|erttIIlt.et.rerrtI'tt'tt
Irteiuttoitpretrlttletiteeu-tlyaooeeetotlu
eiy.
1'ItepetIn'Iirl=i'rIper:lt!Ittheee|e:peoeehqtenoenhltuonteoltyledrauieelly
Ittltedbrdteeeoorttloru.
11--I
'
lite-_FJ]'~.
:7-L-i3_'__Ll:_'-_3,.
-_|.3t:1I-III-i:_t'g-II of EIrjIr_t-I;-_y
E-I-I leg-ert
E-I
like-Il.|gIbIrjt_lI-|
Iillrqitt-uteri-dartdiea
_.--""
Merging Land
and Sea
H_
J
C}s-.-. Q
F" ESE
The sea has been an important part of some cultures since antiquity:
from maritime civilizations. who recounted stories about the mythical
worlds beyond the horizon. to mountain civilizations. which narrated
..
a ti.
tales of the sea at the end of the world. it has been travelled and ex-
.9
.:g:;*
-35':-:5.
-..
all
beauty of going to sea but returning to land that has captivated the
-I
t
h:
RE
Qt.
them.
I-Ilelhalrrrrrothe
searches at EH lemurttrtrtortre-ur ttretratt
at-ease-nuim
-|u||!|'|-'lIi:_I'l-till or -'-Irrntljg
so
5-Illotrhen
t_-u Lbturul-I
lion:-n-gtu-dlndllu
A Disconnected
Territory
l.I|'.-ti Lt-re
t-Ira-I-I:-I:-.'
I'f||.IIIII|.iJ
2 Hal-Ill-tr
.D_~tt-st1_i.r.I5
':';":';,":;'::TM
an-pun:
-="='H H'-T
_.,
trade. logistics. rnanulat:tuting_ and oil relinery. The coastline has been acknowledged not as a generator of public
qualities but. rather. as a generator of prltlatited aotlfor
goeernrnental interest. Only ret: enthl have development
plansot the three nations shown a faint tendency towards
the ret.'alori1ation of the underestimated social relationship
between land and sea.
'Lnr|-re
r_ur.n
Home
"
-1!; J
t__J
2.!
sun
"'1
!-?3""""."!" """'.".l'
III-tqingteri-dlrtdiee
E-I-I|?IIlvt'.|
!?tt'.*-tits. Lem;l.!J..Ht
F!I.ibl.i_i:.Liii_'.-i:l.l.|I:it
= LET
- llul
|!i|.II:Il1
2 HI-Illu-
E-'|2r_=_l-2i:ia|_i*=_t';lr;i.I_I.
F;_w-_r_l3:-_-UEit=_p.n_t=_-=_-
Intr-t-=ei
:-
E-inuop-are has den-etvopi-i'-ant plane to coni:|It:i'tedt Ind re-lo-t:Il:iit l'|'.l indisrial and In-gistiize
tone-ain Eat:-or of creating ntoreeoentlnrie for
public are. But like Iieme utinnot be clilrneel
up iiIi'ith the smell gient. ind-oneeie and Melmii III ltt'ireel.il'1|;| e-ul:tI'L|n'l'ul nr'i1dIi.n-ill i:if
I-tee-aeeenbuirpedtlbe
{tie-lilo-ttel-rtill-J-lrinelltiliru
I-lies-nee-riaeue
5""'|l""'
!".'..'-I'll!!!"
Underdetieloped
Sea Transportation
In ti'iec'Ey. lattd-based ptlaiic transport utitee Lirheii space
Eeaaooeeaeiitlanorhetereand-ieliiree
ootettdeeie-nreetitrtrvderdetulepeddeqiie
titep-i:teit'tieibiletereieeenentb:i:ieite're.
Ftltll-ieeeetratteportieitialrilvliitiiedtee
.$
Sir-gepeee,errioni;tti-iettitiaeioitar leittuend
Betltn. ileneitoeplicltitptoittreling public
ind-beaedtreriep-ort.Ti-reotheetteocitlee
eretier-pmudtoeii'beeed.Teteteo5ii1npeue
iaerrteneiveiyrplenriedlerptiiratteiie-iiole
uere.tiseroedrteeu:ek:epieentt:eeig~
riiiiraeritee-oriiernlctIri'iIereuntaerieoIoort
muiriqdirere-rterene
ommlaefferriee-bsiunetingiitgepereu-id
Joli-orlieltrutoatemari-tlliiitrtenii-Ii-ieii:iai.i
trenapertetetentceuid be irttareired.
Aeerenill. mantI'ielIIitl'e.lI:eSI'IIgepure'|
Southatnieietidmenepoetrgroerna-t.tedto
titeirrneinieiatt-tie.|ntltiteit'iieriiih.
"'l"""li|H""'|"'|"""'
urge-am-tiriitaes
9-?3*"""."'.""'W ""?"."'i.t'
I?
Living with
the Sea
Fl-e.
fix."
.-If
.1*.x3._
.-:.
in
...~g..
'-'
_="*'_'.
.I
1-1.,
'-I:
E5
.- . J1? '
trio-'
H-.
"Hi
-.,
.
l"i._
..-'.'
~.,_
L 5
,3
u_'
'
.'i.
"ii I.
'|"I-to-oeari-Ii-at
'
2.
I-:ti.rlInIt.iia-:aItiii.t-lei'ti'i
E3-l_I1_lr_iarrl.lit C-='I.
.__Itli
3-_
____"__="
_-_rr
Elixir
'
.-"
.,"5 J_ - -1.
rteslcue
ParI.i-ilglaediiirlh
Dlertiieriiiiii-ed
I
Er:'irI.ltu:h-n ullilil
nee-periei' Heal
I-Jain tuirreni
us.-sign um
Harib-ar.irDrI-ii
public fa-ciiitiiea. and an overall rrnpreeaion ll'iiseinaii.-.iI!eI1I iririth Ihd ti on u:l'ht'lt'I r:r:nat:iine-
fin
7-i'
It
Ex
_,
l-.-CL i
Location: Singapore
E__
'33."
\$''.'''I-.-'.'rI.'; .
Alhouph ureter ooiien rnore then 1'tIit.'l-lhi|'l:i'-|oil our planet. the Ii-ocioiogi-cal ls-eitrefrtri -ol
its-irigeridtitue E-per.-.ea.,'i:ir arsiinticem-tier
manta has yet to be fully eitplored. Recent
wick
---_I
.T.li.r.
it
!-?iitasitn_r
i.il.t..t?_-=ert|.ir.e..
lZlieaci'lpt.ioric recreational coastal areas, ac|:iI1lH:I|I lit: the p-l..l'b1i4:.' 'DDI=|1iI1 emu which
vein:-pd trirhlrhi.
on-ectteie.Ttuotign|tr1'tIil1l.-i't}115 t'}oi-npre-
ing hurnh-i
III
iritiitstliioeerneietrai-iseiongbodieec-i water
and tiiretleetdl pei:dttii:.iit- mist-I Iislbi-e, untrain-
|'|'EI"l'L
[rm
latit-
l:II.tI'l
EitIii'tInsult:
It-use-ll
Aieuabb
-pl-1
Iitiar-iii-gl.eri-dart-its-ea
'!'T5!""'E"!'.'W.""."'!"!.l'
Cid-Ir.'al.'-ri
Esirflaei
Ibltl-d
'-ll-"I:I:ilirrI'
lir.-arlaimp-j'|i'.iIt'|. II:-lili-rI|.'
Gull
Litiing
'l-|'!iH|I-rt-tllll
'-
Wrtre-rltrrr-i'I-Ii--liiltilrrilil rrlalirrr
Worhrig
MDU"in'g'
Leisure
' '
"
Clblri
F"-Hill!!!-D-t|'I
H-re"fI-ti
'i31l'Dli3I|lt'
bi.-t'I-teoelle-item 3'1-I-'
OI!-fir
T'J1I||Phllir|'lI-I-CI-U
D elflllblh SI-iii-I'IiH.P1il'tJi-Ii2rl't
trinetiorial tietTili:ll.r'.
tmiiodp-raenr
Dell.Dtrrteriate-r.ie 1-R-Iniillitrn
l'Dl|l.'-lei-Irie-e
rilblil-oi-tiitii-b
UIIIHI
i:IIiiitli||uI'i-I -Irrull-Zlint I:2Ii't'tI'I:
35l:'i"ilid-7
aerleeepereeileiit t-I--tire
lirlaerrllri
I|.I||'l-oer
1'!-I-11-Dd tn
bu-teoe per person. -Ii.'t.E Ir-'
11
..-p"-PP
"
_,.~
'-
K_
we-H.I.'n-'.'um
... ..t!*I!=-9|-urunr-n*JiIH!r=!!.'b'=-=ahIrnan'=
in :
II
SH iocrhcrh
'-it
|JI.'II|'iE"DIDI|
EIIII U-'t'l|'|-ll-"
Oceanopolis
In classical antiquity, Oceanus is the divine personification of the sea.
an enormous river encircling the world.
Oceanus was the oceanstrean'r along the Equator. in which the habitable hemisphere floated.
- 4.'.I.iu-I
Fl "'Il||
- LurI Ind!-Ilrnum
nan-:udu-tuI H-Ilinurshnd
-rrwlmhnurl
21$-IhI!'I=I'|
-Ir-on-in
..l.n..-t.
i-Ju'r-I':|.lwI
.n.Ipn-about
I- I-nllrufnan-I-w
lI"l'l'UHvF'h|'1it'
or
CI
1.5
5-lm
Breaking Barriers
r!t_|'.l.ur.Iottmr
Downpo sn-Iprulrttlnoppuultitr
t:IrIIIIIluItI'liilrI-Itllsibltu-h-ti-ritllulratht
ln utfhrrlnwhmnnduadu
l:-lhA'nn|:-I-splaandidiII:tlsIlpi-wIntonln-
nailomwuci-luolltoouahluhlnuloulnp-or
litiollrinitrllitsc.
D_H-.l_=r_=Lir_-L1
tl'Ilt'iilidl5r1-It::t.It:rdnu-uIoIl|:ltn|IiIl.aI'i-dl
Donut-up-nlinrillarlrlmu i-hiaauobv
|3rrii:|:ItiIlrIunT1irI1tI~i:I'II|FrlI1IBI:rI1:|lI'3|:I~II:-l
Iommjuambkpimrifumo u
lur|u:u'.ir:gli.I1otii:u1iniiifuniIiIn.Prnc:ittinch-arm-Intl'iamvrIsoorIuit|arod.ld|n:In
tliitlin-Iv:-rhi-rhqtri-Ii:II.icI1.tIi:iIi:II-uric-n
ofllnd |.lIl-l! :liu1a|-mpuiaHoIIn'uuu-
Etrllt.
dtadldhlcltnuulp-nolntilllnwrilnrllionct
I'l1l.lI'l''lDI'I'IE||'i'iI:H|H
I|lId|:|l'I2I#
uicstilltiuliulpiulpln-lrtdidllstlilrilntiit
lrtltmitillllianp
Essen:
Th-pnaiiioturlnnnnotlnr-1-i-Iii-attain-articni
ornutoaiutuluwrumialindlnhlnr
tiutiIlboI.IthriI:IrI:lrIrthI:r.|ruluI:uldi1-
noadcrantlnnorlliriiaoruwihlpa
r-In:.Illior'iIfnr'riitui'Im:IrIIliIItlI-frtln
thntrluumlu-llboiinnouunuiu.
Tadtll-nall'iI 1l'KlI.I'I'|t
cli.I:IId.l.IruIiIInd:|i|ioBItImwIII1m-
"dl: II'r
olthoT'l'I.wIuoulIcIiIi1nnIomurpl1u-
|n|jitIllrrrinI'uu.orId|:r-rvicnnlgrantablfdriiei
bmdan.Iln-Iutorylrtnoi-poralolrnuhr
illlt-IlII:l'5ir1uIpi:II"t.5I:Itrt=Itiirr:lulII'iI:h-IrI:I
Iln
anrtcllp-aln;n.uHoh|rInntitou'
rlrittn-I.l.?Iunur||:I1iooIrru'Illt:I'tc-Illhrlo
Ario iarnblneulsliuhlnntl-uaurt
bcunduinwnlolitoitrtiinunilinnttir
tnrio|oIlEl.ml'rom'Iiia'nuh-ilu-ud'ooaa1:Hn|n
n5iIIu||:H:II'IIIIi:lEIm1.II1-I1EltI'IIrI.iIilI.I
luunrapphdtockuamuuibotiulrwdi
Hutu-uodrona-iioboitdudacli-m-noon
-ll-II'lll'l .tl-nrminothnr n-urtlon uhhrhoralnr.
uluubnrdhsuidhlnnldherriiri lu
arvuulnuaaI'in'laarocIloiuwhiulia5tralIilndtrltrlullfrlirininlridtrnl-uiAI1rI.'MInIIit
awuolrtdirvtimulurutnutnmllubordlr
D l.ldbIlIl'wilhn'i'irnIl|It'lH tlnlPuaI-
Hlnuoorridon.
I
[lunch-itlilu-Inlll
:1.
IIIdlIIIlIllIIli'a'
1
FIl1II1'nn-II-lI'lpI
nun
ig
-ri.i'.t-iri
- t-
ptir.
.t.'.lIt
:ui...itel I'.'Eh-ll'l,
tut
._
litrirrtg
.tttge trt'r:ir1tit|t:tdI:ttrIlt.-tttattiga
.ultur.tlertt:l'tenge
rtoelnanspare
""ul.I'lIEI'
tunrklng
in-g cultureletrcltertge
g.
".7~"'
.'
lira
__
leisure p-u_
--rebttstrtcsstu
-Eli
er
_'
--
I1
iii!
_l_-1-Lntitieg
'
pal-Iet:e'tten' ul'uteur1r.'Itrt' te|tru:h' enltc.
I-oglo. -with parlnolpel lutlreeu-uoture end infiretttruclure oottoerittete-d en the rrtttlrrt ielalttll. and I-Inuit-I-1't.u'It:tit:I'ri1-t:lE|:tuted
mlarnraanitrirettttx
mw
m
-I
- J -;_-:r
j
'
'
-:""|l
-. -.-. --.
--'
1-
1|.
I-iteaeeert. Itlll-ertdrtetere
l
t:tliee.hteieeueertd
ttt-teieie
- --'-.'.=--.
-
_.'_I-.:_-,
'_ t-e-
_e
-u
r.-i-.-"J-_'_=.;=.'-.'
_,
.I':.
!-i._
"lr-I
'
_;
." 1:
if
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withinthe Etreit.
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peso-ertuersentieeeleterre.
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oHret'reo-ot't,l:ioettltwoluirttttteteetterte|t-trrt:
!i_i"_.'I_tt:d.i3__i='..'.el.I_|-.l11LI
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lnee. ti-rue eeel-i lino ourtrteote taro tunes end
ttvo t:||.l-Ill. Thte oreetee metw eeoottdent
oi-ioloaee.
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Atteeuooterdon.
utgrh DI!"
A deep-lee rnerlttor Item I clan otuleer
tleeEltrer1r.ht1IeIftentuot'I.|teheethto
theperlt.'-ulterieheheeeert-r-elltticttic teidt
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htoerihirrlhrneme.
lntheet.~ertlrtg.l'ierheotettlet;it'll'rleetd
for eehort erellt elottg the '|.'.lIIt- ilifteneertzh.
pliel:-uerdedetle-eeeiethieehi-let'ehtltI-t
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fore-ttuicltdrlnltertttltttenrettertltchle
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ttrigergtteertrtt tteolttto time tot::itii::lt-.retione itegoeleend direcliorte. |I1t=iirtedtototI-orr the road that guerenteee euooeee ettd
thus I piece on the would tnep. the fragile
t'e-eeeeetee-tut:
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See Urbanism
|i'..liler.rl.tEt:|e:l.$.tr|.L. it:L..He'e"i'tu-t~.
Moria-ottl reeti.liltllt-It-9.
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5%
ruet.1lI|t-IL-13-4.1!-5.
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Lend'UeePoiict'.l2t'|l.1IH-209.
t'eDlI.E~l2'-'.3lIlI?u].B5fI.e't:ttilitlLlb-t:I.tI:Tltel.lttr
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Iiiegiottde-relopItter'tP'|'eI1IiI|D-I-Billet.
Fltet.tIelendF'tot-lteoe.
t::pt.t.':hInttI-htl.lrrr.tatF'it..
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t'etti.mgPtr-teng.
Betu trttpetl-lerbottrrrre-It-r.ltItent.
Sweethlet velfetwlhritine nunettogte.
FlteoorttrtgCent:re. ttttpi,i}i'teIerte'.to=o-not
It'lt'E.iht'll'II:-'t'-t'l|ltt"l:Il't:lMl'I? ieooeeeed
Ittotrtrberitot-It.
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erte'et'etmc-ore
I
p.15. Cheek-'.I I-iIT't..5 5ll-I: Dt'l'HIlilopo
strait-mitt. iota.
[tnete.merlrteml- eount.
t'tt-eilertt-tetntitgroett.ietordnteee.oortti.
edtn9t_tedtttr1rt_ritt
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l'telpI:lt.:eIlod'tt.I-teey.