Tt iicye Past perfect (I had done) EY study this example situation at 10.30 at 11.00 Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party too, but they didn’t see each other. Paul left the party at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11 o'clock. So: ‘When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul wasn't there, He had gone home. Had gone is the past perfect (simple): Uivelthey/you helshefic ‘The past perfect simple is had + past participle (gone/seen/finished etc). Sometimes we talk about something that happened in the past: 5 Sarah arrived at the party This isthe starting point of the story. Then, if we want to talk about things that happened before this time, we use the past perfect (had ...} © When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. Some more examples: 5 When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat. © Karen didn’t want to go to the cinema with us because she'd already seen the film A first I thought I'd done the right thing, but I soon realised that I'd made a big mistake. © The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn't flown before, or... He had never flown before. TEMES space in presen perfec have sen sind the past perfect (had seen Present perfect Past perfect hhave seen hhad seen past now past now 5 Who is that woman? I've never seen I didn’t know who she was. I'd never her before. seen her before. (= before that time} 1 We aren't hungry. We've just had lunch. = We weren’t hungry. We'd just had lunch, © The house is dirty. They haven't cleaned = The house was dirty. They hadn't it for weeks cleaned it for weeks PMG ore che pase spl ht, was et. andthe past perfect (had lef, had bee ee) ‘A: Was Tom there when you arrived? A: Was Tom there when you arrived? Yes, but he left soon afterwards 3: No, he had already lef. Kate wasn't at home when I phoned. | Kate had just got home when I phoned. She was at her mother’s house. She had been at her mother's house. 30 Past perfect continuous —> Unit 16 Irregular verbs (gone/scen etc) -> Appendix 1Exercises Unit 15 15. 152 153 18.4 Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets. 1 You went to Sue’s house, but she wasn't there. (she / go / out) She. had. gone. 2 You went back to your home town after many years. Ir wasnt the same as before. (it / change (aot) Ce 3 invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn't come. (she / arrange / ro do something €l3€) -om-—om-— 4 You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late. (the film f already / begin) S$ Te was nice to see Dan again after such a long time. (1/ nor / see / him for five years) 6 [offered Sue something to eat, but she wasn’t hung (she / just / have / breakfast) enn For each situation, write a sentence ending with never .. Before. Use the verb in brackets, 1 The man sitting next ro you on the plane was very nervous. It was his ist fight. (fly) He'd never finn before, A woman walked into the room. She was a complete stranger to me. (see) 1. a a ecco RHR Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game. (play) He Sn 4 Last year we went to Denmark, It was our frst time there, (be there) We Co . Use the sentences on the left to complete the paragraphs on the right. These sentences are in the order in which they happened ~ so (1) happened before (2), (2) before (3) ete. But your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, so sometimes you need the past perfect 1 11) Somebody broke into the office during) We arrived at work in the morning the night. and found thar somebody .. ia, broken 2 W iv work ir into the office during the night. So We called the police Wicca eececececeee Laura went out this morning. Tried to phone Laura this morning, but Lured to phone her ia no answer, 5) There was no answer Se ene OE 3 1» Jim came back from holiday a few days ago. met Jim a few days ago. - (2) Lmet him the same day. nit — vw holiday, 3) He looked very well. ~ ~ Saree 4 11) Kevin sent Sally lots of emails. ‘Yesterday Kevin anon “ 2) She never replied to them, from Sally. He. very surprised. Yesterday he gota phone call fromber, { He - loss of emails, 4) He was very surprised. but she ....... occas aetna 2 Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had done) or past simple (I did). “Was Paul at che party when you arrived?” No, he iad go (go) home. 1 2 Lielt very tired when I got home, s0 1 (go) straight to bed. 3 The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody so-w.1.--n-nnom-~ (G0) t0 bed. 4 Sorry I'm late. The ear (break) down on my way here 5 We were driving along the road when we — (see) a car which son (break) down, so we — (stop) to help. = Additional exercises 5-8 (pages 304-07) 31Study this example situation: yesterday morning Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining, but the ground was very wet. Ithad been raining. It was not raining when I looked out of the window: the sun was shining, But it had been raining before. Had been -ing is the past perfect continuoi doing Weyouthey rd et) hetshefc | he'ders) PAP NO Some more examples: 13 When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and cone of them had a black eye. They'd been fighting, (0 was very tired when I got home. I'd been working hard all day. 11 When I went to Madrid a few years ago, I stayed with a friend of mine. She'd been living there only a short time but knew the city very well. ‘You can say that something had been happening for a period of time before something else happened: 3 We'd been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily. 1D George went to the doctor last Friday. He hadn't been feeling well for some time. ‘Compare have been -ing (present perfect continuous) and had been -ing (past perfect continuous): Past perfect continuoss es past 0K Present perfect continuous ast ow © Thope the bus comes soon. I've been ‘waiting for 20 minutes. (before now) 1 James is out of breath. He has been running. 1 At last the bus came. 'd been waiting for 20 minutes. (before the bus came) © James was out of breath. He had been running. ‘Compare was -ing (past continuous) and had been -ing: Ie wasn't raining when we went out, The sun was shining, But it had been raining, so the ‘ground was wet. «3 Cathy was sitting in an armchair resting. She was tired because she'd been working very hard. ‘Some verbs (for example, know and like) are not normally used in the continuous: 10 We were good friends. We had known each other for years. (not had been knowing) For a list of these verbs, see Unit 4A. Present perfect continuous -> Units 9-10 Past perfect simple — Unit 15Exercises Unit 16 16.1 162 163 Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets 1 Twas very tired when I arrived home. (1/ work /hard all day) _'4. been working hard, al, day. 2a 2 The ewo boys eame into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they / play / football) - 3 Twas disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday. (1/Hook / forward to ie) 4 A ke athens of te ge, Shs a heed ad dob where wi (she / dream). 5 When I gor home, Tom was sitting infront of the TV. He had just curned it off. (he / watch / a film) s sence nemo pare Read the situations and complete the sentences, 1 We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain. We fad. deen slaving for halt an hour when ib. started to. rain 2 Thad arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. | arrived and waited for him. After 20 minutes I suddenly realised that I was in the wrong restaurant. 1 eee $0" 20 minutes Whee De en - the wrong restaurant. 3 Sarah got a job in factory. Five years later the factory closed down. “Ar the time the factory SAAR = vo there for five years. 4 Lwent 10 a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten minutes a man in the audience suddenly started shouting. TBS POA ac eens cctcnncciat cssnininarcacscasic ib This time make your own sentence: 5 Tegan walking along the road. [a .— when a Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing), past perfect (had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing) 1 Irwas very noisy next door. Our neighbours er having . (have) a party. 2 We were good friends. We 4. 28. (know) each other for years. 3 John and I went for a walk. [had difficulty keeping up with him because he = aan (walk) 50 fast. Sue was siting on the ground. She was out of breath, She re oneenwveenrenee (UN). ‘When [ arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They = nn (ath 6 When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking, Their mouths were empey, but their stomachs were full. They... scmazacanl (EAE 7 Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He . = een (L00k) for his contact lens. 8 When [ arrived, Kate neni none (walt) for me. She was annoyed with me because I was late and she ... enn (Wait) for a long time, 9 Twas sad when I sold my car. (have) it for a very long time. 10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We nen (travel) for more than 24 hours. + Additional exercises 5-8 (pages 304-07) 33