ASSIGNMENT

(BBA201: RESEARCH METHODS)

1 Discuss the various steps involved in research process with a suitable diagram.
1. Steps involved in research process
2. Research process diagram

Ans:
research process starts with the formulation of research problem, selecting from among
various methods of research, research design, sample design, data collection analysis and
interpretation of data, finally ending in a research report
please find the following steps of research. process
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Topic Research and proposal preparation

Research Method and design
Literature review
Data collection
Data analysis and interpretation
complete dissertation and research report

it is a tentative proposition whose validity remains to be tested. This is the foundation of a

scientific approach. It gives direction to the inquiry and helps the researcher draw specific
conclusions.
The formulation of hypothesis or propositions that may be possible answers to research
questions is an important step in the research process of formulating the research problem.
Keen observation, creative thinking, hunch, wit, imagination, vision, insight and sound
judgment are very important in setting up reasonable hypothesis, not to mention a thorough
knowledge of the phenomenon and related fields. The formulation of hypothesis plays an
important part in the growth of knowledge in every science. The second step is to define
concepts used in the hypothesis. Some concepts represent facts: others like attitude can only
be inferred. But the definition of concepts should be done in abstract terms to link the results
of the study to the existing body of knowledge. The third step is to establish
The next step is the data collection and analysis of data. Once the topic has been decided
upon and working definitions established, the researcher has to choose his research tools
i.e., the appropriate methods of collecting data based on the requirements. The methods may
be observations, surveys, interviews or historical documentary methods. Finally, the results
of the study have to be related to existing theories or concepts either to confirm them or to
demolish them in the light of the study undertaken in the form of conclusions

2:What is Secondary data? What are the advantages & disadvantages of Secondary Data?
Ans:
Secondary data means the data which is already available, that is, they refer to the data, which
have already been composed and analyzed by someone else. When the examiner utilizes
secondary data, then he has to look into various sources from where he can obtain them. In
this case he is certainly not confronted with the problems that are usually linked with the
collection of original data as the researcher is mainly concerned with collecting the data for
the research problem.
The advantages & disadvantages of Primary and Secondary Data are as follows:
Primary Data

Secondary Data

it comes from the original source and so is more

reliable

It is highly economical as less expenditure is

incurred on the collection of secondary data

being a continuous process the changes in the

current research problem if any,can be easily
identified

the secondary data enables the researcher to

complete the researcher project promptly,since he
need not spend much of his time in collecting the
data,it is obtained very quickly

information is available at large than other types

of data

it helps the researcher to formulate the research

problem

methods and tools used in primary data are mainly A longer time period and water geographical area
as per the requisites of a researcher
may be covered much cost
Primary data are those that have never been
collected before, and are collected solely for the
purpose of your investigation

the secondary data may have been collected as

per the requirement of the owners investigation.

Use of the secondary data is highly advisable if

there is a special purpose of conducting a primary
and only if they can be modeled according to your data research despite the time and cost factors
requirement
Gathering primary data can be very costly

Gathering secondary data can be very cheaper

3:Explain the qualities of a good questionnaire.

Qualities of a good questionnaire

Some of the principles to be remembered while framing a good questionnaire are given below:
1. It must be simple: The questions should be straightforward and short. They should be simple,
which could be easily answered.
2.

Begin with a covering letter: The front page of the questionnaire must contain an introduction
to the investigator or institution collecting the data, and the purpose of the quest. If the
questionnaires are to be sent by mail, then the address to which they are to be sent must be
clearly mentioned.

3.

The number of questions must be minimum: The questions to be asked must be relevant and
minimum and should pertain to the topic of study. Any questions which do not cover the subject
study must be avoided.

4.

Minimum use of technical terms: Avoid using too many technical terms in the questionnaire.
Any abbreviations used, should be explained in detail. However, the researcher should be
conversant with the technical terms used.

5.

Questions must be logically arranged: The questions should be put in such a way that they
should flow naturally from the answer to the previous question.

6. Avoid asking controversial Questions: Do avoid those types of questions which are
controversial in nature and too personal.
7. Pre-testing of Questionnaire: Before the final administration, the questionnaire should be pre
tested with a small number of respondents. This will help in rectifying the problems or mistakes
if any. If needed, additions or deletions of questions can be done.