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Rubber made from field latex coagulum such cup lump, tree lace, etc.
Dry Rubber Content (DRC): Mass of rubber coagulated by acid from one hundred
parts mass of latex.
Dry Stripping: Removal of dipped products from formers, usually after application
of powder lubricant, by mechanical means (e.g. rotating brushes) without the aid
of water.
Dwell Time:
Elasticity: Property that helps a substance to return to the original size and
shape, on release of the stress that caused its deformation by stretching,
compression, or torsion.
Emulsifier: Surfactant used to prepare an emulsion.
Emulsion: System in which a liquid is colloidally dispersed in another liquid.
Emulsions for latex use are of the oil in water type in which water is the
continuous phase and suspended droplets carry negative charge.
Emulsion Polymerization: The process of making synthetic polymers by free
radical polymerization of an emulsion of a monomer or mixture of monomers.
Emulsifying Agent: Substance added to an emulsion to increase its stability and
reduce the risk of separation of the two components. Soaps are widely used as
emulsifying agents in the preparation of latex compounds for production of
dipped goods.
Enzyme: Catalytic organic substance of animal or vegetable origin, not
composed of living cells but capable of causing fermentation or other chemical
changes in organic matter. Rubber latex is stated to contain a coagulating
enzyme. When the latex is allowed to stand, this enzyme or bacteria, or both,
causes the formation of acid substances that bring about coagulation.
Evaporated Latex: Concentrated natural rubber latex produced by evaporating
some of the water from the field latex. This latex is normally supplied at high
TSC (up to 72%).
Fahrenheit: Temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 32 and the
boiling point 212.
Flocculation: Formation of loosely coherent partially agglomerated rubber
distributed in the liquid phase of latex.
Field Latex: Latex obtained on tapping the Hevea tree.
Fish Eyes: Term commonly used to describe the small lens-like blemishes
sometimes found in dipped goods. Such blemishes often arise from silicone
based emulsions used as anti-foam or anti-webbing agents.
Flocculum: Aggregate of latex particles in latex or latex compound.
Flock Adhesive: Latex mix in which household glove gel is dipped prior to the
application of flock.
Flock: Short cotton or other fibers used to line the inner surface of household
gloves.
Form: Article having shape of the finished product immersed in latex in the
dipping process.
Latex Rubber, Prevulcanized: Rubber latex in which the particles have been
sufficiently vulcanized to produce films and useful articles by drying.
Latex Compound: Intimate mixture of latex with all the ingredients for the
finished latex rubber product.
Latex Compounding Ingredients: Material added to rubber latex to form latex
compound.
LATZ: Low ammonia preserved latex in which the preservatives comprise of
0.2% ammonia and 0.0125% each of TMTD and zinc oxide as dispersions and
0.05% lauric acid. VFA formation is effectively checked in this preservative
system.
Leaching: Process normally carried out on all dipped goods for removal of all the
water soluble substances on the latex film.
Leatherboard: Product made by binding group-up leather with latex. The latex
may be natural or synthetic, or a mixture. Leatherboard is used mainly in the
shoe industry.
Maturation: The change in colloidal properties that latex compound exhibits
during storage.
Mechanical Stability Time: Time in seconds for the initiation of latex coagulation
when subjected to high speed stirring.
Modulus: Force per unit cross sectional area required to distort rubber to a given
extent. In extension it is an extensional or tensile modulus, and in compression a
compression modulus. Conventionally, the moduli are calculated using the initial
cross sectional area, i.e. the area before distortion.
Mold Release (agent): Substance applied to the inner surfaces of a mold to
facilitate removal of the finished product. Particularly used in molded latex foam
technology.
Mud-cracking: Phenomenon in which latex deposit on the formers for producing
the dipped goods cracks on drying, like cracked dried mud.
Neoprene: Trade name of the Dupont Co. for the original poly-chloroprene (CR)
rubber and latex.
Non-rubber Constituents: Material found in the serum of latex apart from, but
associated with, the actual rubber hydrocarbon particles such as resins, sugars,
proteins, minerals, salts, acid and enzymes.
most popular preservative. Certain other chemicals used along with lower
concentration of ammonia are called secondary preservatives.
Prevulcanization: Process of vulcanizing latex prior to making a product. The
prevulcanization may be either partial or complete, with respect to the ultimate
level of cure required for the product.
Prevulcanized Latex: Latex produced by prevulcanization process.
PRM Test; Prem Test: Method of assessing the state of cure of a prevulcanized
latex by measuring the relaxed modulus of a ring prepared from a dipped tube of
the latex.
PRM Value: Value obtained from the PRM test, normally in units of Kg/cm2.
Raw Rubber: Uncompounded rubber. Rubber to which no ingredients have been
added.
Redispersed Latex (latices): Latices made by dispersion of a performed polymer.
Such latices include those of butyl rubber, EPDM, Hypalon, reclaimed rubber etc.
Rubber Latex, Evaporated: Latex, the rubber concentration of which has been
increased by evaporation of some part of the water.
Rubber Latex, Preserved: Rubber latex treated to inhibit putrefaction and
accompany coagulation.
Rubber Latex, Prevulcanized: Rubber latex in which the rubber particles have
been sufficiently vulcanized to produce films and useful articles by drying.
Skim Latex: Serum obtained during latex centrifuging, containing 10 to 15
percent of rubber content. The rubber content is recovered by spontaneous
coagulation or acid coagulation.
Skim Rubber: Rubber obtained by coagulation of skim latex, this rubber has a
very high protein content.
Skin: Partially dry film formed on the surface of latex left exposed to the air and
unstirred.
Sludge: Substances that get settled at the bottom of the latex tank comprising
the magnesium ammonium phosphate, sand, dirt and other heavier matter in the
latex. A sludge trap is provided at the outlet of the latex tank to rid the latex
outflow of the sludge.
Sol: A term, often used in academic publications, to denote a colloidal
dispersion, usually of very fine particle size.
Solvent Roughening, Solvent Wrinkling: Terms used to describe the process of
producing a rough, irregular pattern of wrinkles on the outside of a latex dipped
product by immersing the wet gel in a solvent.
Wetting Agent: Substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, thereby
causing the liquid to spread more readily on a solid surface.
Webbing: Formation of liquid film of webs between adjacent formers or between
parts of the same former.
Zeta Potential: The electrical potential difference between the surface (strictly
the slip plane) of a latex particle and the bulk of the aqueous phase.
Theoretically this is a measure of the colloidal stability of a latex, i.e. the higher
the zeta potential the higher the stability of the latex. However, this theory does
not appear to apply to natural latex concentrate.
ZAAV Test: A test measuring the increase in viscosity of a latex after addition of
a zinc tetra-amine acetate solution.
Zinc (oxide) Sensitivity: Response of a latex or latex compound to the addition of
zinc oxide or other zinc containing chemicals. The more sensitive a latex is, the
more unstable it becomes when zinc compound is added.
ZOA Process: Any process using zinc oxide and an ammonium salt to produce
heat-sensitizing effect.
ZOV Test: Test measuring the increase in viscosity of latex after addition of zinc
oxide.
ZST Test: Test measuring the mechanical stability of latex after addition of zinc
oxide.