INTRODUCTION

Hemolytic anemia is a type of anemia. The term "anemia" usually refers to a

condition in which the blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells.
Hemolytic anemia is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed
from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. Red blood cells are discshaped and look like doughnuts without holes in the center. These cells carry oxygen to
your body. They also remove carbon dioxide (a waste product) from your body. Red
blood cells are made in the bone marrowa sponge-like tissue inside the bones. They
live for about 120 days in the bloodstream and then die.
White blood cells and platelets (PLATE-lets) also are made in the bone marrow.
White blood cells help fight infections. Platelets stick together to seal small cuts or
breaks on blood vessel walls and stop bleeding. When blood cells die, the body's bone
marrow makes more blood cells to replace them. However, in hemolytic anemia, the
bone marrow can't make red blood cells fast enough to meet the body's needs.
Hemolytic anemia can lead to many health problems, such as fatigue (tiredness), pain,
irregular heartbeats called arrhythmias, an enlarged heart, and heart failure.
The annual incidence of AIHA is estimated at 1/35,000-1/80,000 in North America
and Western Europe. The disease can appear at any age and there is a slight
predominance of cases in females (60%). AIHA is characterized by hemolytic anemia,
which is most often revealed by an unusual weakness and fatigue with tachycardia and
exertional dyspnea, and also in some cases by jaundice, dark urine and/or

splenomegaly.

(http://www.orpha.net/consor/www/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?

lng=EN&Expert=98375 retrieved on July 16, 2016)

Nationally, Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Southeastern Asia (Extrapolated
Statistics) Philippines has a extrapolated statistics of 1,078 and the population
estimated used 86,241,6973. Extrapolations for Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia are only
estimates and may have very limited relevance to the actual incidence of Autoimmune
Hemolytic

Anemia

in

any

region.

(http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/autoimmune_hemolytic_anemia/statscountry.htm#extrapwarning retrieved on July 16, 2016)

Tagum city is a city with a population of 242,801 residents as of 2010 making it
the most populous component city in Mindanao. According to National Statistical
Coordination Board (Pambansang Lupon sa Ugnayan Pang- Estadistika) Anemia,
ranked 10th leading causes of death in Davao Region in 2004. In fact, as the Group 4A,
BSN-4 students of St. Marys College of Tagum, Inc. have their clinical exposure at St.
Francis, Bishop Joseph Regan Memorial Hospital, Tagum City had encounter one
Hemolytic Anemia patient during one of their duties.
The purpose of this study is to determine probable nursing diagnosis and proper
interventions for a Hemolytic Anemia patient. As the incidence report indicated that
Anemia is one of the leading causes of death here in our region, it is not a blind side
that today year of 2016 that Anemia can still be ranked within the ten leading causes of
death. But we should never neglect that even Anemia cant be ranked in the ten leading
causes of death, still it is a sickness needed to be look out to. This case study provides

its signs and symptoms, etiologies and its pathophysiology that could contribute to; our
fellow student nurses for study, health care workers and researchers.