CNG I S HC K 1 (TON 10)

L THUYT V BI TP
CHNG 1: MNH - TP HP
BI 1. MNH
KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha:
Mnh l mt cu khng nh ng hoc Sai.
Mt mnh khng th va ng va sai.
2. Mnh ph nh:
Cho mnh P. Mnh Khng phi P gi l mnh ph nh ca P.
K hiu l

. Nu P ng th

sai, nu P sai th

ng.

V d: P: 3 > 5 th : 3 < 5
3. Mnh ko theo v mnh o:
Cho 2 mnh P v Q. Mnh nu P th Q gi l mnh ko theo.

K hiu l P
Q. Mnh P
Q ch sai khi P ng Q sai.

Cho mnh P
Q. Khi mnh Q
P gi l mnh o ca P
Q.
4. Mnh tng ng
Cho 2 mnh P v Q. Mnh P nu v ch nu Q gi l mnh tng ng.

K hiu: P
Q. Mnh P
Q ng khi c P v Q cng ng.
x X, P x
x X, P x
5. Ph nh ca mnh
l mnh
.
X, P x
x X, P x
Ph nh ca mnh
l mnh
.
Ghi nh:

- Ph nh ca
l .

- Ph nh ca l .
- Ph nh ca = l .
- Ph nh ca > l .
- Ph nh ca < l .
BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Trong cc cu sau, cu no l mnh , cu no khng phi l mnh ? Nu l mnh
th n l mnh ng hay sai?
1. Bn c chm hc khng?
2. Hy tr li cu hi ny!
3. ng trn c mt ci tm.
1

4. Cm hc sinh ni chuyn trong gi hc.

5. Tri ma th ng t.
6. World Cup 2014 t chc ti Brazil.
7. i tuyn no nhn chc v ch nm nay?
8. Thnh ph Paris l th ca nc Php.
9. S 11 l s chn.
10. 13 l mt s nguyn t.
11. 2x + 3 l mt s nguyn dng.
12. Phng trnh

x2 x 1 0

c nghim.

x x0
2

13. Phng trnh

c hai nghim dng phn bit.
14. Nu a chia ht cho 9 th a chia ht cho 3.
15. Nu a chia ht cho 3 th a chia ht cho 6.
16. S 15 chia ht cho 4 hoc cho 5.
17. Mt s t nhin chia ht cho 2 v 4 th s chia ht cho 8.
18. 81 l mt s chnh phng.
19. Mt tam gic l tam gic vung khi v ch khi n c mt gc bng tng hai gc cn li.
20. Hai tam gic bng nhau khi v ch khi chng c din tch bng nhau.
Bi 2. Vit mnh ph nh ca mi mnh sau:
1. Mi hc sinh lp 10TL u thch mn Ton.
2. C mt hc sinh lp 10TL i Olympic 30-4.
Bi 3. Vit mnh ph nh ca mi mnh sau v xt xem chng ng hay sai.
1. S t nhin n chia ht cht cho 2 v cho 3.
2. 3 l s nguyn t.
3. 7 khng chia ht cho 5.
4.

x R : x 2 0

x R : 4x 1 0
2

5.

n N, n 1
2

6.
7.

chia ht cho 3.

l mt s hu t.
2 1
8.
khng l s nguyn t.
3

9.

2 10

.
n N, n 2 n

10.

chia ht cho 2.
2 2007 1
Bi 4. Mnh Nu
l s nguyn t th 16 l s chnh phng ng hay sai?
Bi 5. Cc mnh sau ng hay sai, gii thch. Nu sai hy sa li c mt mnh ng.
a. ABCD l hnh vung

ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.

2

b. ABCD l hnh thoi

ABCD l hnh ch nht.

c. Hai tam gic bng nhau

chng c din tch bng nhau.

d. Tam gic ABC u

tam gic ABC cn v c mt gc bng 600.
Bi 6. Pht biu thnh li cc mnh sau v xt tnh ng sai ca cc mnh :
x R, x 2 0
1.
.
2
x R, x x 1 0
2.
.
2
x R, x 5x 0
3.
.
4
x R, x x 1 0
4.
.
2
n N, n n
5.
.
n N, n 2 1
6.
chia ht cho 3.
P x :" x 2 x"
Bi 7. Cho mnh cha bin
. Xc nh tnh ng sai ca cc mnh sau:
P(0), P(1), P(1), " x R, P x " , " x R, P x "
.
Bi 8. Nu mnh ph nh ca cc mnh sau v xt tnh ng sai (c gii thch hoc
chng minh) cc mnh ph nh .
n R, n 2 1
1.
chia ht cho 3.
2
n R, 2n 1 1
2.
chia ht cho 4.
*
n N ,1 2 3 ... n
3.
khng chia ht cho 11.
n3 n
Bi 9. Cho nh l: Nu n l s t nhin th
chia ht cho 3. nh l trn c vit di
P n Q n
dng
.
1. Hy xc nh cc mnh P(n) v Q(n).
2. Pht biu nh l trn bng cch s dng thut ng iu kin .
3. Pht biu nh l trn bng cch s dng thut ng iu kin cn.
4. Chng minh nh l trn.
Bi 10. S dng thut ng iu kin pht biu nh l: Nu mt hnh thang c hai
ng cho bng nhau th n l hnh thang cn
Bi 11. Pht biu cc mnh sau, bng cch s dng khi nim iu kin cn, iu kin .
1. Trong mt phng, nu hai ng thng phn bit cng vung gc vi mt ng thng
th ba th hai ng thng y song song vi nhau.
3

2. Nu hai tam gic bng nhau th chng c din tch bng nhau.
3. Nu t gic T l mt hnh thoi th n c hai ng cho vung gc vi nhau.
4. Nu t gic H l mt hnh ch nht th n c ba gc vung.
Bi 12. Pht biu cc mnh sau, bng cch s dng khi nim iu kin cn v .
1. Mt tam gic l vung khi v ch khi n c mt gc bng tng hai gc cn li.
2. Mt t gic l hnh ch nht khi v ch khi n c ba gc vung.
3. Mt t gic l ni tip c trong ng trn khi v ch khi n c hai gc i b nhau.
4. Mt s chia ht cho 6 khi v ch khi n chia ht cho 2 v cho 3.
Bi 13. Pht biu cc mnh sau, bng cch s dng khi nim iu kin cn v .
1. Nu hai tam gic bng nhau th chng c cc gc tng ng bng nhau.
2. Nu s nguyn dng a chia ht cho 24 th a chia ht cho 4 v 6.
3. Nu t gic ABCD l hnh vung th bn cnh bng nhau.
Bi 14. Trong cc nh l sau, nh l no c nh l o, hy pht biu:
1. Nu mt s t nhin chia ht cho 3 v 4 th chia ht cho 12.
2. Mt tam gic vung c trung tuyn tng ng th bng na cnh huyn.
3. Hai tam gic ng dng v c mt cnh bng nhau th hai tam gic bng nhau.
4. Nu mt s t nhin n khng chia ht cho 3 th n2 chia 3 d 1.
Bi 15. Chng minh cc mnh sau bng phng php phn chng:
1. Nu a + b < 2 th mt trong hai s a v b nh hn 1.
2. Nu a + b > 0 th c t nht mt s a hoc b dng.
a b 2 ab
3. Nu a v b l hai s dng th
.
4. Nu nht 5 con th vo 4 ci chung th c mt chung cha nhiu hn 1 con th.
5. Mt tam gic khng phi l tam gic u th n c t nht mt gc nh hn 600.
6. Nu bnh phng ca mt s t nhin n l mt s chn th n cng l mt s chn.
7. Nu tch ca hai s t nhin l mt s l th tng ca chng l mt s chn.
8. Nu abc > 0 th trong 3 s a, b, c c t nht mt s dng.
9. Nu a v b l cc s t nhin vi ab l th a v b l cc s t nhin l.
x, y R
y 1
x y xy 1
x 1
10. Nu
vi
v
th
.
11. Nu tng ca 99 s bng 100 th c t nht mt s ln hn 1.
12. Nu mt t gic c tng cc gc i din bng hai gc vung th t gic ni tip c
ng trn.
y0
x 2 y2 0
x0
13. Nu
th
v
.
BI 2. TP HP
1. Tp hp
C hai cch trnh by tp hp
- Lit k cc phn t:
A a;1;3;4; b
N 0;1;2;...; n;...
Vd:
hoc
.
-

Ch r tnh cht c trng ca cc phn t trong tp hp; dng

A x/P x

Vd:
-

A x N/x 6 A 0;1;2;3;4;5;6

Tp con:
Ch :

A B x x A x B

+ Cho

c t nht hai tp con l

A A, A

v A.

A B, B C A C

+
-

A, A

.
A B x x A x B

Hai tp hp bng nhau:

.
Cc tp hp s:
N 0;1;2;3;4; ... ; N* 1;2;3;4;.. .
+ Tp s t nhin:
.
Z ...;2;1;0;1;2;.. .
+ Tp s nguyn:
.
m

Q x /m, n Z; n 0
n

+ Tp cc s hu t:
.
+ Tp s thc: k hiu R, gm cc s hu t v cc s v t. Tp s thc c biu
din bng trc s.

NZQR

- Quan h gia cc tp hp:

2. Cc php ton trn tp hp:
Php giao

.
Php hp

A B x/x A

A B x/x A v x B

hoc
Php b

Php hiu

x B

A \ B x/x A v x B

Khi

BA

th

A\B

gi l phn b ca B

CBA

Tn gi v k hiu
Tp s thc

on

a; b

Khong

x R/a x b

a; b

x R/a x b

; a

x R/x a

a;

x R/x a

Khong

Khong

trong A. K hiu:
.
C BA A \ B
BA
Vy:
khi
3. Cc tp con ca tp hp s thc
Tp hp
Hnh biu din

a; b

x R/a x b

a; b

x R/a x b

; a

x R/x a

Na khong
Na khong

Na khong

Na khong

x R/x a

BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Vit cc tp hp sau bng phng php lit k cc phn t:

A x R/x 3 3x 2 0
1.

B n Z/6n 2 5n 1 0
2.
3.

.
C x Q/ 4x 1 x 2 0

D n Z/1 n 12
4.
5.

F x Z/ x 2 1

G x N/x 5

6.
.
Bi 2. Vit tp hp sau bng phng php nu tnh cht c trng:
A 1;2;3;4;5; 6;7;8;9
1.
.
B 1;4;7;10;1 3;16;19
2.
.
C 1;2;4;8;16 ;32;64;128
3.
.
4. Tp hp cc s chn.
5. Tp hp cc s chia ht cho 3.
6. ng trn tm I, bn knh R.
7. G = Tp tt c cc im thuc ng trung trc ca on thng AB.
8. H = Tp tt c im thuc ng trn tm I cho trc v c bn knh bng 5.
A 1;2;3;4
Bi 3. Cho
.
1. Lit k tt c cc tp con c 3 phn t ca A.
2. Lit k tt c cc tp con c 3 phn t ca tp A.
3. Lit k tt c cc tp con ca A.
Bi 4. Cho A l tp hp cc s chn c hai ch s. Hi A c bao nhiu phn t?
Bi 5. Cho C l tp hp cc s nguyn dng b hn 500 v l bi ca 3. Hi C c bao nhiu
phn t?

Bi 6. Xt quan h gia cc tp sau:

A 1;2;3;4;5
B 1;2;4
1.
v
.
A x R/ 2 x 4
B x N/ 4 x 3
2.
v
.
Bi 7. Biu din cc tp hp sau thnh cc khong:
A x R/x 2
1.
.
B x R/1 x 4
2.
.

C x R/0 x 3

3.

D x R/ 2 x 1 3

4.
.
Bi 8. Gi A: Tp hp cc hc sinh lp 10CT gii Ton, B: Tp hp cc hc sinh lp CT gii
Vn, C: Tp hp cc hc sinh lp 10CT gii Anh. Pht biu thnh li cc tp sau:
BC
1.
.
C\A
2.
.
A B C
3.
.
A B \ C
A ;2; B 3; ; C 5;4
Bi 9. Cho
. Tm tp hp
.
AB
A a; a 2, B b; b 1
Bi 10. Cho hai on
. Cc s a, b tha iu kin g
.
A m; m 1
B 3;5
AB
Bi 11. Cho hai khong
v
. Tm m
l mt khong. Hy xc
nh khong .
Bi 12. Tm tt c cc tp hp X sao cho:
1;2 X 1;2;3;4;5
1.
.
1;2 X 1;2;3;4
2.
.
X 1;2;3;4 , X 0;2;4;6;8
3.
.

A B C, A B C

Bi 13. Tm
vi:
A 1;4 , B 2;6 , C 1;2
1.
.
A ;2, B 3; , C 0;4
2.
.
A 0;4 , B 1;5 , C 3;1
3.
.
A ;2 , B 2; , C 0;3
4.
.
A 5;1, B 3; , C ;2
5.
.
A x R/ 1 x 5
B x R/0 x 7
Bi 14. Cho
v
. Tm:
C AB
1.
.
C AB
2.
.
8

3.
4.

C A B \ A B
C A \ B B \ A

.
A x R/ 3 x 3

Bi 15. Cho
D A B C
1.
.
D A B C
2.
.
D B \ A C
3.
.
D B \ A C \ A
4.
.
Bi 16. Cho cc tp hp sau:
AB
1.
.
BA
2.
.

B x R/ 2 x 3 C x R/0 x 4
v
,
. Tm:

A m 1; m 3 , B 1;1

. nh m sao cho:

AB

3.

;
a

A ;9a , B
Bi 17. Cho

a0

AB

vi
. Tm iu kin ca a :
.
CHNG II. HM S BC NHT, HM S BC HAI
BI 1. TP XC NH CA HM S
KIN THC CN NH
Tp xc nh ca biu thc l tp hp cc gi tr ca x lm cho biu thc c ngha.
Biu thc c ngha khi mu khc 0.
Biu thc c ngha khi biu thc trong cn bc chn ln hn hoc bng 0.
BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:
1
x 1
y
y
2x
2x 1
1.
.
3.
.
1
2x 1
y 3
y 2
x 1
x 9
2.
.
4.
.
Bi 2. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:
2x 3
x9
y
y 2
x 21 3x
x 8x 20
1.
.
4.
.

y
2.

1 3x
x 4 x 2 1

y
.

5.

x
x 4x 5

3.
.
Bi 3. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:

6.

y 3x 1
1.

.
5x 7

x 4 x2 x 4

y 4 x2

.
y 2 x 1

2.

x2 x 1
x2 x 1

4.

.
y 2x x 2

5.

y x 1

.
y x 3x 2

3.
.
Bi 4. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:
3x 2
y
2x 4
1.
.
2x
y
2
x 4x 4
2.
.
x2
y
3x 1
2x
3.
.
Bi 5. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:
x
y
x 1 x
1.
.
3 x
y 2
x 1
2.
.
x4
y 2
x 3x
3.
.
2x 1
y 2
2x x 1
4.
.
x 2 x 3
y 2
x 4x 3
5.
.
Bi 6. Tm tp xc nh ca cc hm s sau:

6.

.
y 3 x

4.

1
1 2x

2 x 3 x
x

y
5.

.
y

6.

x 5x
1 x 3

6.

7.

8.

9.

10

4x 2 4x 1
x x

.
x 1 4 x
y
x 2 4x 3

.
9 2x x 1
y
x4

.
3 2x 3 2x
y
x 3 4x

y
10.

x 9 2x
2x 4
3x 7
2

x2 x 2

y x5

4 x

1.

.
y

2.

4.

x 1
3 x 1
2

.
y

.
y

3x 1
x 10 x 9
2

1
x 1 x 2 x 2x
2

5.

x 5 16 2x
x 2

.
y

x2

4x
3 x

3.
.
6.
Bi 7. Chng minh cc hm s sau c tp xc nh l R:
y x 2 6 x 10
1.

2.

y x 2 4mx 4m 2 1
.

3.

2x 3
x 2 4x 5

.
y

4.

2x 1
mx 1

5x 3
m 2 x 2 4mx 15

Bi 8. nh m hm s
c tp xc nh l R.
y 5 x 2x 3a
Bi 9. Cho hm s
. nh a tp xc nh ca hm s c di bng 2
n v.
y 2x a 2a 1 x
Bi 10. Cho hm s
. nh a tp xc nh ca hm s c di bng
1 n v.
Bi 11. nh m hm s:
y x m 1 3x m
x 0
1.
xc nh
.
xm
y
1;0
2m 1 x
2.
xc nh trn khong
.
3x a
y
x 1;0
x 1 a
Bi 12. Cho hm s
. Tm a hm s xc nh
.
y f x x m 2 2m x
Bi 13. Cho hm s
. nh m hm s cho xc nh vi
1;4
mi gi tr ca x trong
.
x
y 2
0;
x 3x m
Bi 14. Tm m hm s
c tp xc nh
.

11

f x a 2 x
Bi 15. Cho hm s
1. Tm tp xc nh ca hm s.

2
x 2a 3

1;1

2. Xc nh a tp xc nh ca hm s cha
.
1;0
Bi 16. nh a hm s xc nh trn
:
1
x 2a
y
x 2a 6
y
xa
x a 1
1.
.
2.
.
Bi 17. Tm tp gi tr ca cc hm s sau:
x
y
y 3 2 x 1
1 x2
2 x 2
1.
.
3.
vi
.

y x 1 3 x
2.
KIN THC CN NH

y x 4 x2
.

4.
BI 2. TNH N IU

f x

a; b

1. nh ngha: Cho hm s
xc nh trn
.
a; b
f x
x1 , x 2 a; b ; x1 x 2
Hm s
c gi l ng bin trn
nu
th
f x1 f x 2
.
a; b
f x
x1 , x 2 a; b ; x1 x 2
Hm s
c gi l nghch bin trn
nu
th
f x1 f x 2
.
2. T s Newton:
f x1 f x 2
T
x1 x 2
a; b
f x
Cho hm s
xc nh trn
v
.
a; b
f x
x1 , x 2 a; b ; x1 x 2
T0
Hm s
c gi l ng bin trn
nu
th
.

f x
a; b
x1 , x 2 a; b ; x1 x 2
T0
Hm s
c gi l nghch bin trn
nu
th
.
3. Phng php xt tnh n iu ca hm s:
Phng php 1: Dng nh ngha.
Phng php 2: Dng t s Newton.
BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Xt tnh n iu ca cc hm s sau:

12

y 2x 1
1.

trn R.
y x 1
0;
2.
trn
.
2
2;
y x 2x
3.
trn
.
2
3;
y 2x 4x
4.
trn
.
2
2;5
y x 3x 2
5.
trn
.
3
y x 1
6.
trn R.
2
y 3x 6x 2
7.
trn R.
2
y x x 1
8.
trn R.
3
;1
y x 3x
9.
trn
.
3
3;
y x 3x
10.
trn
.
Bi 2. Xt tnh n iu ca cc hm s sau:
1
y
;0
x
1.
trn
.
1
y 2
0;
x
2.
trn
.
4
y
2;
x2
3.
trn
.
x2
y
;0
x
4.
trn
.
x2
y
x
5.
trn tng khong xc nh.
x2
y
0;
x
6.
trn
.
2
x x2
y
3:
x
7.
trn
.

13

y
8.

y
9.

y
10.

x2 x 1
x 1

1
x 1

trn

5
x2 9

trn

trn

0;2

;0

;3

.
x x 1
y
x 1
2

Bi 3. Chng minh:
ng bin trn
Bi 4. Xt tnh n iu ca cc hm s sau:
y 2x
0;
1.
trn
.
y x 1
1;
2.
trn
.
y 5 x
;5
3.
trn
.
y x2 1
4.

0;

trn
y x 4 x 1

5.

y x
3

;0

trn

4;

;1

v ng bin trn

1;

6.
trn
.
Bi 5. Xt tnh n iu ca hm s sau:
y x 3
1.
trn R.
y 2x 1
2.
trn R.
y x 1 2x
3.
trn R.
0;
y mx 2 2
Bi 6. nh m hm s
nghch bin trn
.
2
1;2
y x mx 1
Bi 7. nh m hm s
ng bin trn
.
BI 3. TNH CHN L CA HM S
KIN THC CN NH
x D x D
1. Tp i xng: Tp D c gi l tp i xng khi:
.
2. Hm s chn:
Hm s f c gi l chn nu:
14

 Tp xc nh D ca f i xng.
f x f x , x D

.
3. Hm s l:
Hm s f c gi l l nu:
Tp xc nh D ca f i xng.
f x f x , x D

.
4. Hm s khng chn, khng l:
Hm s f khng chn, khng l nu:
x0

f x 0 f x 0

Tp xc nh D khng ng xng hay tm c

sao cho
.
Lu : th hm s chn i xng qua trc Oy. th hm s l i xng qua gc ta
.
BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Xt tnh chn, l cc hm s sau:
y 2x 2 1
1.
.
y x 3 2x
2.
.
4
2
y x 3x 5
3.
.
2
y 2x 5x 1
4.
.
y x 5 x 3 x
5.
.
6
3
y x 3x 2
6.
.
2
x 1
y
x4
7.
.
4
x x2 1
y
x
8.
.
2
x
y 3
3x x
9.
.
2
3x 1
y 2015
x
x
10.
.
Bi 2. Xt tnh chn, l cc hm s sau:
y x2 2 x 5
1.
.
15

y x4 4 x

2.

.
y 3x 2 3x 2

3.

.
y x 2 x 1 1 x
2

4.

.
y

5.
y

2x 1 2x 1
x3

x 2 2x
2x 2x

6.

2
2x 1 2x 1

3x 10x
x 8 x 12

7.

.
3

8.
.
Bi 3. Xt tnh chn, l cc hm s sau:
y 1 x2
1.

.
y 1 x 1 x

2.

y x 3 3 x
3.

.
y 16 2x 16 2x

4.

y
5.

y
6.

7.

1 x 1 x
x

.
2x 3 3 2x
y
2x

y
8.

4x
x

1 x 1 x
x 2 16

16

y
9.
y

10.

11.

x2
1 x 1 x

2x 2 x
x

.
7 2x 7 2x
y
x3
y

x 3 3 x
x 2

12.

.
x x 3
2

x3 x

13.

.
y

14.

x 1
x 1 x 1
4

.
BI 4. HM S BC NHT

y ax b

1. Kho st v v th hm s
.
Bc 1: Tp xc nh D = R.
Bc 2:
a 0

: hm s ng bin.
a0

: hm s nghch bin.
Bc 3: Lp bng gi tr.
Bc 4: V th.
2. Cc dng ton lp phng trnh ng thng
A d y A ax A b

y kx b

ng thng c h s gc k:
ng thng i qua A song song Oy:

.
x xA

y yA

ng thng i qua A song song Ox:

.
Hai ng thng song song th c cng h s gc.
Hai ng thng vung gc th tch hai h s gc bng
BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Kho st v v th cc hm s sau:
17

y 2x 3
1.

3x y 1 0

2.
.
Bi 2. V th cc hm s sau ri lp bng bin thin:
x 2, x 2
y
1 ,x 2
1.
.
2x 1 , x 1
y
x 1 , x 1
2.
.
y 2x 3
3.
.
y x 2 1
4.
.

y ax b

Bi 3. nh a, b sao cho th hm s
:
A 2;8 , B 1;0
1. i qua hai im
.
C 5;3
d : y 2x 8
2. i qua im
v song song vi ng thng
.
d : y 3x 4
D 3;2
3. i qua im
v vung gc vi ng thng
.
E1;2
4. i qua im
v c h s gc l 0,5.
F 2;3
5. i qua im
v c tung gc l 3.
M 5;4
6. i qua im
v song song vi Oy.
N 2 ;1
7. i qua im
v song song vi Ox.
P 2;3
8. i qua im
v vung gc Ox.
Q 7;8
9. i qua im
v vung gc Oy.

y 3x 2

10. Ct ng thng
im c tung bng 2.

ti im c honh 2 v ct ng thng

18

y 3x 4
ti

1
x2
2

11. Song song vi ng thng

v i qua giao im ca hai ng thng
1
y x 1, y 3x 5
2
.
A, B
I1;3
12. Qua
v ct hai tia Ox, Oy ti hai im
v to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic
vung cn.
A, B
I 3;2
13. Qua
v ct hai tia Ox, Oy ti hai im
v to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic
c din tch bng 16.
y 2x m x 1
Bi 4. Tm m sao cho th hm s
.
M 2;3
1. i qua
.
y 3x
2. Song song vi ng thng
.
Bi 5. Tm m 3 ng thng sau phn bit v ng qui:
d1 : y 3x 2, d 2 : y x 3, d3 : y mx 5
1.
.
d1 5x y 2 0, d 2 : y 10x 2, d 3 : y x m
2.
.
Bi 6. Chng minh rng vi mi m th hm s sau lun i qua mt im c nh
y m 1 x 3m 2
.
d m : m 1 x 2m 3 y m 1
Bi 7. Cho h ng thng
. Tm ta mt phng ta tp hp
dm
cc im m ng thng
khng i qua vi mi m.
BI 5. HM S BC HAI
I. KHO ST V V TH HM S
KIN THC CN NH
y ax 2 bx c
Kho st v v th hm s
.
Bc 1: Tm tp xc nh.
b
I
;

2a 4a
Bc 2: Tm ta nh
.
b
x
2a
Bc 3: Xc nh trc i xng:
.
Bc 4: Hng ca b lm:
19

a 0
a0

: b lm quay ln.

: b lm quay xung.
Bc 5: S ng bin, nghch bin:

a 0

2a

2a

: hm s nghch bin trn

, ng bin trn
.

;
;

2a

2a

a0
: hm s ng bin trn
, nghch bin trn
.
Bc 6: Lp bng bin thin.
Bc 7: Lp bng gi tr.
Bc 8: V th hm s.
BI TP C BN
Bi 1. Kho st v v th cc hm s sau:
y x 2 2x
1.
.
2
y x 2x 1
2.
.
2
y x 4x 5
3.
.
2
y x 4x 3
4.
.
2
y x 1 4
Bi 2. Cho hm s
.
1. Tm nh, trc i xng, lp bng bin thin v v th hm s.
2. Da vo bng bin thin hy nu nhng khong trn hm s ch nhn gi tr dng.
Bi 3. V th ri lp bng bin thin ca cc hm s sau:
y x 2 4x
1.
.
2
y x 2x 3
2.
.
y x2 2 x
3.
.
2
y x 2 x 3
4.
.
2
y x 2 x 1 2
5.
.
y x x 2 1
6.
.

20

 x 2 4x , x 0

7.

,x 0

.
x 6x 5 , x 2
x2 2
,x 2
2

8.
.
II. XC NH HM S BC HAI THA IU KIN CHO TRC
KIN THC CN NH
1. Dng ton lp phng trnh parabol:
x 0 ; y0 P ax 02 bx 0 c y0

.
b

x0

P
2a
ax 02 bx 0 c y 0
x 0 ; y0

l ta nh ca
.
b
x0
x x0
2a

l trc i xng
.
a 0
a 0

y0
y
y
0 4a
0 4a
Gi tr ln nht (hay nh nht) l
hay
.
a 0
b
x0
x
0 2a
Gi tr ln nht (hay nh nht) ti
.
2
P : y ax bx c
Bi 4. Xc nh
trong cc trng hp sau:
A 0;1 , B1;1 , C 1;1
1. Qua 3 im
.
A 1;1 , B 0;2 , C1;1
2. Qua 3 im
.
A1;1
I 1;5
3. Qua
v c nh
.
A 3;0
I1;4
4. Qua
v c nh
.
A1;16
1
5. Qua
v ct Ox ti hai im c honh l
v 5.
A 0;6
x 2
6. Qua
v t GTLN l 4 khi
.
A 4;4
2
x2
7. Qua
v t GTLN l
khi
.
21

8. Tip xc Ox v qua
9. C trc i xng l

A 0;2 , B 2;8

x 2
x 1

, qua

.
A1;4

y 2x 1
v c nh thuc ng thng

10. C trc i xng l

, ct Oy ti im c tung bng 1 v ch c 1 giao im vi
Ox.
P
4
x2
11.
ct Oy ti im c tung bng
v hm s t gi tr ln nht bng 0 khi
.
P
A 1;10
B 0;3
12.
i qua
, ct Oy ti
v c honh nh l 3.
1
49
5
x
xA
P
8
4
2
13.
t cc i bng
khi
v th hm s ct Ox ti im A c
.
III. S TNG GIAO
d P
Bi 5. Xc nh ta giao im ca
v
bng th v bng php tnh:
2
d : y 2x 3, P : y x
1.
.
d : x y 1 0, P : y x 2 4x 3
2.
.
2
P : y ax 4x 3
Bi 6. Cho hm s
.
P
A1;0
1. Tm a bit
qua
.
a 1
2. Vi
, hy:
P
P
a) Xc nh nh v trc i xng ca
. Lp bng bin thin, tm giao im ca
P
vi cc trc ta . V
.
y0
x
b) Da vo th, tm tt c cc gi tr ca sao cho
.
P d : y 2x 3
c) Tm giao im ca
v
.
2
P : y x 6x 5
Bi 7. Cho
.
P
1. Kho st v v th
.
P d : y m
2. Dng th bin lun theo m s im chung ca
v
.
2
P : y x 3x 2 d : y mx 2
Bi 8. Cho
v
.
22

 P
1. Kho st v v th
.
2. nh m hai th c duy nht 1 im chung, ct nhau ti hai im phn bit.
3. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
P : y x 2 2x
Bi 9. Cho hm s
.

x 2 3x 2 2m 0

P
1. Tm tp xc nh, ta nh, lp bng bin thin v v th
.
P
x 2 2x 2 m 0
2. Da vo th
, tm tt c cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
c
1;2
ng mt nghim thuc
.
P : y x 2 x 1
Bi 10. V th ca hm s
. Da vo th, tm m phng trnh
2
3;1
x x 3m 1 0
c mt nghim duy nht thuc
.
2
P : y x 4x 3
Bi 11. Cho hm s
.
P
1. Tm tp xc nh, ta nh, lp bng bin thin v v th
.
P
x 2 4x 3 m 0
2. Da vo th
, tm tt c cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
c
ng mt nghim dng.
P
x 2 4x 3 m 0
3. Da vo th
, tm tt c cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
c
hai nghim m phn bit nh hn hay bng 1.
ym
P : y x2
Bi 12. Cho
. Hy tm gi tr ca tham s m ng thng
ct th ti hai
A, B
AB 2
im phn bit
sao cho di
.
2
A, B
P
P : y x 2x 3
Bi 13. Cho
. Hy tm ta hai im phn bit
trn
sao cho ng
: y x 5
xA xB
AB
thng
l ng trung trc ca
v
.

23