Bi Metallic Corrosion

PD 6484:1979
BRITISH STANDARD
CONFIRMED
MARCH 1990
Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI
Commentary on
corrosion at bimetallic
contacts and its
alleviation
UDC 620.193.7:620.197
PD 6484:1979
Cooperating organizations
The Iron and Steel Standards Committee, under whose direction this
Published Document was prepared, consists of representatives from the
following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations:
British Cast Iron Research Association
British Constructional Steelwork Association
British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers Association
British Ironfounders Association
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry*
British Steel Industry Wire Section
Concrete Society Limited
Council of Ironfoundry Associations
Department of Industry (National Physical Laboratory)
Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales
Engineering Equipment Users Association
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Greater London Council
Institute of British Foundrymen
Institute of Marine Engineers
Institute of Quality Assurance
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Institution of Production Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
International Tin Research Institute*
Lloyds Register of Shipping*
Ministry of Defence*
National Association of Drop Forgers and Stampers
Oil Companies Materials Association
Process Plant Association
Royal Institute of British Architects
Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited
Steel Casting Research and Trade Association
Water-tube Boilermakers Association
The organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the
following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the
preparation of this Published Document:
Aluminium Federation
BNF Metals Technology Centre
Cambridge University Library
Copper Development Association
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Electronic Engineering Association
Sir John Cass College
Zinc Development Association
Individual manufacturers
This Published Document,
having been prepared
under the direction of the
Iron and Steel Standards
Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Executive Board
on 30 March 1979
BSI 02-1999
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
document:
Committee reference ISE/68
Draft for comment 69/4244
ISBN 0 580 10509 1
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No.
Date of issue
Comments
PD 6484:1979
Contents
Page
Cooperating organizations
Inside front cover
Foreword
iii
Section 1. General
1
Scope
1
2
Conditions affecting corrosion at bimetallic contacts
1
3
Prevention of bimetallic corrosion
2
Section 2. Tables
4
Tabulated data on the behaviour of bimetallic couples
3
Table 1 Additional corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys
resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
5
Table 2 Additional corrosion of aluminium bronzes and silicon
bronzes resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
6
Table 3 Additional corrosion of brasses including high tensile
(HT) brasses (manganese bronze) resulting from contact with other
metals or carbon
7
Table 4 Additional corrosion of cadmium resulting from
contact with other metals or carbon
8
Table 5 Additional corrosion of cast irons resulting from
24
Table 6 Additional corrosion of cast iron (austenitic) resulting
from contact with other metals or carbon
10
Table 7 Additional corrosion of chromium resulting from
11
Table 8 Additional corrosion of copper resulting from
12
Table 9 Additional corrosion of cupro-nickels resulting
13
Table 10 Additional corrosion of gunmetals, phosphor bronzes
and tin bronzes resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
14
Table 11 Additional corrosion of lead resulting from contact
with other metals or carbon
15
Table 12 Additional corrosion of magnesium and magnesium
alloys resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
16
Table 13 Additional corrosion of nickel resulting from
17
Table 14 Additional corrosion of nickel-copper alloys resulting
18
Table 15 Additional corrosion of nickel-chromium-iron alloys
19
Table 16 Additional corrosion of nickel-chromium-molybdenum
alloys resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
20
Table 17 Additional corrosion of nickel silvers resulting from
21
Table 18 Additional corrosion of soft solders resulting from
22
Table 19 Additional corrosion of stainless steel (austenitic, with
approximately 18 % chromium) resulting from contact with other
metals or carbon
23
Table 20 Additional corrosion of stainless steel (martensitic,
with approximately 13 % chromium) resulting from contact with
other metals or carbon
24
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PD 6484:1979
Page
Table 21 Additional corrosion of steels (carbon and low alloy)

Table 22 Additional corrosion of tin resulting from contact with
Table 23 Additional corrosion of zinc and zinc base alloys resulting
ii
25
26
27
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Foreword
Of the many types of corrosion problems encountered in industry, that arising
from the interaction between different metals and alloys is one of the most
troublesome and complex. It is a subject on which most engineers and designers
welcome guidance, but it is difficult to provide this comprehensively in a single
document because of the many possible combinations of different metals and
alloys that can be in contact, and the wide range of environmental conditions to
which they may be subjected in service.
It should be appreciated, therefore, that a document of this nature cannot cover
every possible environmental factor that may be encountered in practice. The
information given is founded on the very considerable experience of the members
of the committee, but it is not claimed to be infallible. In some respects the
information is either still incomplete or is offered with some reservations.
Recommendations on the subject were originally published in 1955 by HMSO in
an Inter-service Metallurgical Research Council document entitled Prevention of
corrosion at bimetallic contacts, prepared under the guidance of a special panel
which included members of the Corrosion and Electro-deposition Committee (a
committee of the Inter-service Metallurgical Research Council).
That document was produced primarily for the guidance of service designers, but,
as the subject is one of wide importance, the recommendations and their detailed
presentation have been revised and amplified, and are now published by BSI
under the direction of the Non-Ferrous Metals Standards Committee.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 27 and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
BSI 02-1999
iii
iv
blank
PD 6484:1979
Section 1. General
1 Scope
This document gives guidance to designers, to help
them to avoid situations in which corrosion may
arise from the interaction of different metals and
alloys at bimetallic contacts.
It comprises two sections. Section 1 gives details of
conditions affecting corrosion at bimetallic contacts
and methods of alleviating it, and section 2 consists
of annotated tables indicating the degree of
additional corrosion likely to occur at bimetallic
contacts exposed to atmospheric and aqueous
environments.
The document does not deal with other
environments, such as those encountered in
chemical engineering, where the effects may be
different, and it does not refer to situations where
contact between certain metals, even below their
melting point, may lead to some interpenetration
and consequential embrittlement.
The metals and alloys are identified in the tables by
their generally accepted descriptions, but it will be
appreciated that many variations in composition
and condition are found in practice. For further
information on the behaviour of particular alloys,
reference should be made to the appropriate
development association, trade association,
manufacturer or supplier. In the case of defence
stores, further information may be obtained from
the appropriate branch of the Ministry of Defence.
2 Conditions affecting corrosion at

bimetallic contacts
2.1 Introduction. When two different metals are in
electrical contact and are also bridged by water
containing an electrolyte (e.g. water containing salt,
acid, combustion product), current flows through
the solution from the anodic or baser metal to the
cathodic or nobler metal. As a result, the nobler
metal tends to be protected, but the baser metal may
suffer greater corrosion. In the past, schedules of
electrode potentials have been published which
have been of value in drawing the attention of
designers to the dangers of bimetallic corrosion.
Such schedules can, however, be misleading, since
the potential difference between metals, although it
is the prime driving force of the corrosion current, is
not a reliable guide to the rate and form of corrosion
suffered at any particular contact. In particular,
statements claiming that specific differences of
potential are safe or unsafe, are unreliable.
BSI 02-1999
An apparent exception to the necessity for the two

metals to be in electrical contact for corrosion to
occur is when a more noble metal corrodes slightly
and dissolves in water that subsequently flows over
a less noble metal. The more noble metal may then
deposit on the less noble metal, thus forming a true
bimetallic contact. For example, copper can dissolve
very slightly in some natural waters and may then
deposit on low alloy or carbon steels, aluminium
or zinc.
Bimetallic corrosion may also be experienced when
two dissimilar metals, not in direct contact, are
nevertheless connected electrically.
2.2 The electrolyte and its effects. The severity
of bimetallic corrosion is dependent on the
conductivity of the electrolyte solution.
For example, other things being equal, sea water,
being a highly conducting solution, gives rise to
more severe bimetallic corrosion than most fresh
waters, which are generally of lower conductivity.
Rain water, in a clean rural atmosphere, has a low
conductivity, but in polluted atmospheres, it can
dissolve fuel combustion products, or sea-salts in
marine environments, to give a water of moderately
high conductivity.
Similarly, a film of moisture condensed from the air
can, like rain-water, dissolve contaminants and
provide conditions for bimetallic corrosion to take
place. In addition, contaminants already present on
the metal surface, such as finger prints or residues
of processing solutions, may absorb moisture from
the atmosphere which, although humid, has not
actually reached the dewpoint.
Bimetallic corrosion is more severe under immersed
conditions than in the atmosphere. In the latter, the
severity of attack is influenced to a large extent by
the time that the bimetallic contact remains wet,
which is dependent upon many factors such as the
presence of spray, the degree of sheltering from
direct rainfall, and the retention of moisture in
crevices. The effectiveness of drainage and the
speed of evaporation are particularly relevant
factors. The areas of the metals that remain wet in
the vicinity of the contact can also have an
important effect (see 2.4). In atmospheric
conditions, bimetallic corrosion is usually localized
in the vicinity of the line of contact.
PD 6484:1979
Whilst the recommendations in this document are

valid for most natural environments, they are no
substitute for particular experience of behaviour in
a specific environment under consideration.
For example, some substances which may be
present merely as traces in the environment can
have a profound effect on behaviour at bimetallic
contacts. The corrosion at the junction may be
accelerated or reduced substantially and it is even
possible for normal behaviour to be reversed.
Additional corrosion may occur at crevices where
the supply of oxygen at interfaces between joined
components is limited. This is not bimetallic
corrosion, but its effects at bimetallic joints can be
as detrimental as true bimetallic corrosion. Cases
where the crevice effect may be significant are noted
in the tables.
2.3 Condition of the metal or alloy. In a corrosive
environment, a metal or alloy can behave slightly
differently depending on its condition, e.g. its state
of heat treatment or the amount of cold work it has
undergone. Hence an article of one material, but
with different parts in different physical conditions,
might be expected to show quasi-bimetallic
corrosion. Such effects have been ignored in
compiling the tables.
2.4 Area relationships. The risk of corrosion
under immersed conditions at a bimetallic junction
is greatest if the area of the more noble metal is
large compared with the area of the less noble
metal.
2.5 Metallic coatings. (See also 3.2.) Many metals,
e.g. chromium, tin, nickel, cadmium, zinc,
aluminium, are commonly used as protective
coatings on another metal. Some of these coatings
are more noble and some less noble than the
substrate. Both kinds protect initially by excluding
the environment from the substrate and should
therefore be as free from pores as possible. If the
substrate is exposed, as at pores, cut edges or where
the coating has corroded, a bimetallic cell is created.
If the coating is more noble, corrosion of the
substrate may then be increased. If the coating is
less noble (sacrificial), the substrate may be
protected until the coating is locally consumed or
until the corrosion is restrained by the formation of
scale or inhibitive corrosion products.
3 Prevention of bimetallic corrosion

3.1 Insulation. The basic principle underlying the
prevention of corrosion arising from dissimilar
metals in contact is to prevent the flow of the
corrosion currents. This may be achieved:
a) by insulating the dissimilar metals from each
other, i.e. breaking the metallic path, or
b) by preventing the formation of a continuous

bridge of electrolyte solution between the two
metals, i.e. breaking the electrolytic path.
Under immersed conditions, a) may be possible if
insulation is not precluded by a need for electrical
bonding. For example, a base metal nut and bolt
should be fitted with an insulating bush and
washers where it passes through a nobler plate.
Complete insulation is essential in such a case and
therefore the bush is vital. Method b) may be
effected by the application of paint or plastics
coating to the immersed parts of the metal.
Where protection is sought by this means and it is
impracticable to coat both metals, then it is
preferable to coat the more noble one.
3.2 Metallic coatings. (See also 2.5.) Significant
bimetallic corrosion may be avoided by applying to
one of the metals of the couple, a coating of the
other, or (more commonly) a coating of another
metal chosen for its compatibility, or sometimes by
coating both metals with a single suitable metal.
The effectiveness of these methods depends on the
continuing integrity of the coating, although this is
less important if the coating is applied to the more
noble metal; this is therefore the practice to be
adopted wherever practicable. If the coating has to
be applied to the less noble metal, any pores or
breaks in the coating caused by damage or by
corrosion will concentrate the attack at the
relatively small bared areas of the less noble metal.
It is especially important in these cases that the
coating is given protection, e.g. by passivation
treatment, paints, jointing compounds.
An example of a compatible metal applied to a more
noble metal of a couple is the use in the aircraft
industry of cadmium coatings on stainless steel in
contact with aluminium alloys. Similarly, brass in
contact with aluminium alloys can be prevented
from damaging the latter by coating the brass with
zinc or cadmium.
The complete coating of an assembly with a single
suitable metal is especially appropriate to smaller
components composed of two or more different
metals or alloys.
3.3 Non-metallic coatings (excluding paint).
Non-metallic coatings are useful in particular cases,
e.g. anodizing of certain aluminium alloys.
3.4 Jointing compounds. Jointing compounds
should be able to exclude water, should not dry or
crack and should not be corrosive. If formulated
with an adequate corrosion inhibitor, they may
suffice for moderate conditions, but subsequent
painting is also advisable. Jointing compounds also
protect against crevice corrosion.
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
3.5 Paints and other organic coatings. The

application to the assembled joint of an overall paint
system, suitable for the specific environment, is
effective. The combination of a jointing compound
and subsequent painting is better than either alone.
Thick, water-resisting plastics or mastic coatings,
where they can be used, are useful.
3.6 Cathodic protection. As indicated in 2.1,
a metal may be protected or have its rate of
corrosion reduced by being coupled to a more
corrodible metal. This is commonly referred to as
sacrificial protection and is one form of cathodic
protection. Similar protection may be achieved by
applying an e.m.f. in the appropriate direction from
a suitable anode. Bimetallic corrosion of two
dissimilar metals in contact may sometimes be
prevented by joining them electrically either to an
anode and impressing an e.m.f. on the system, or by
coupling them electrically to a third metal which is
sufficiently corrodible to protect them both. In all
cases, the metals and the anode must be immersed
in the electrolyte solution and be in electrical
contact with each other. It is advisable to seek
informed advice when applying cathodic protection
methods.
Section 2. Tables
4 Tabulated data on the behaviour of
bimetallic couples
4.1 Description of tables. The data are set out in
a series of tables, each table being devoted to the
behaviour of one metal or alloy, or in some cases
similar groups of metals or alloys, when coupled to
other metals or to carbon. Explanatory notes
accompany each table.
It is emphasized that the ratings for behaviour
given in the tables refer to the additional corrosion
caused by bimetallic effects; a favourable rating
does not imply that no protection is necessary.
The severity of the additional corrosion that can be
caused by bimetallic effects is related to the
environment and to other effects such as relative
areas (as indicated in 2.2 and 2.4). In the tables, five
broad classes of environment, three atmospheric
and two immersed, are listed.
4.2 Guidance in the use of the tables. To find the
data on the behaviour of a couple, the behaviour
against each other of the two metals or alloys
comprising the couple has to be sought. Thus, in
every case two tables have to be consulted, together
with the accompanying notes. Failure to do this
could result in the choice of a couple in which, under
the conditions of service envisaged, one member of
the couple could be sacrificially corroded at an
unacceptable rate.
BSI 02-1999
In selecting the appropriate column for an

atmospheric environment, it has to be remembered
that there may be localities within a region that
have microclimates vastly different from the
environmental characteristics of the region as a
whole. A region designated rural may have local
environments more closely resembling an industrial
atmosphere at sites close to and downwind of
factories. Similarly, a site near the sea, but close to
shore installations may, with appropriate
prevailing winds, have the characteristics of an
industrial rather than a marine atmosphere.
Because of this and other factors (briefly referred to
in 2.2) that result in localized conditions of
increased severity, it is advisable to study the
precise conditions prevailing at the actual site
before deciding on the appropriate environment
column.
4.3 Metals for which there are no individual
tables. The metals and alloys a) to e) listed below do
not in general suffer additional corrosion by contact
with other metals nor with each other, and for this
reason have no tables of their own. They can,
however, affect the performance of other metals
with which they are in contact, and are therefore
included in the metal in contact column of the
tables of all the other metals. Carbon behaves in a
similar manner.
a) Gold
b) Platinum
c) Rhodium
d) Silver
e) Titanium and titanium alloys
The following metals, f) to k), also have no tables of
their own, neither are they included in the metal
in contact columns, since little is known of their
behaviour in contact with other metals or with each
other.
f) Molybdenum
g) Niobium
h) Tantalum
i) Tungsten
j) Zirconium
No individual tables are included for hard solders,
brazing filler metals or weld filler metals, since
these materials cover wide ranges of composition.
Some general guidance may be obtained by
reference to the tables showing alloys closest in
composition to the alloys concerned, but for more
specific information, the manufacturer of the
particular alloy should be consulted.
PD 6484:1979
4.4 Further information. If circumstances arise

which are not obviously covered by the information
given in the two appropriate tables, further advice
should be obtained from the appropriate
development association, trade association,
manufacturer or supplier. In the case of defence
stores, further information should be obtained from
the appropriate branch of the Ministry of Defence.
Advice on corrosion matters may also be obtained
from the Corrosion Advice Bureau of the British
Steel Corporation and the Metals Users
Consultancy Service of the BNF Metals Technology
Centre.
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 1 Additional corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys resulting

See also
table
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Metal in contact
Aluminium and aluminium alloysb
Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes
Brasses including high tensile (HT) brass (manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Cast iron (austenitic)
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin bronzes
Lead
Magnesium and magnesium alloysc
Nickel
Nickel-copper alloys
Nickel-chromium-iron alloys
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)d
18
19
20
21
22
Solders (soft)e
Stainless steel (austenitic and other grades containing
approximately 18 % chromium)
Stainless steel (martensitic grades containing approximately 13 %
chromium)
Steels (carbon and low alloy)
Tin
Titanium and titanium alloys
Zinc and zinc base alloys
Environmenta
Atmospheric
Immersed
Rural Industrial/urban Marine Fresh Sea
water water
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
(1)
1
0
0
3
3
0
2
1
(2)
1
3
3
(3)
3
0
1
3
3
0
3
2
(3)
2
3
3
(3)
3
0 to 3
2
3
3
(0)
(3)
1
(2)
(2)
3
3
(3)
3
(2)
1
3
3
0
3
3
(3)
(3)
3
3
(3)
3
3
2
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
2
3
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1 to 2
3
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1 to 3
(2)
3
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2 to 3
(2)
1
(1)
0
0
1
(2)
1
0
3
(3)
2
0
2
(2)
2
0
3
(3)
3
0
23
Key
0
Aluminium and aluminium alloys will suffer either no additional
2
corrosion, or at the most only very slight additional corrosion, usually
tolerable in service.
1
Aluminium and aluminium alloys will suffer slight or moderate corrosion 3
which may be tolerable in some circumstances.
Aluminium and aluminium alloys may suffer

fairly severe additional corrosion and
protective measures will usually be necessary.
Aluminium and aluminium alloys may suffer
severe additional corrosion and the contact
should be avoided.
General notes. Ratings in brackets are based on very limited evidence and hence are less certain than other values shown.
The table is in terms of additional corrosion and the symbol 0 should not be taken to imply that the metals in contact need no
protection under all conditions of exposure.
a Rating 3 does not necessarily mean that the combination of metals is not used in practice, but it does mean that precautions should
be taken to avoid a corrosion path between the two metals. For example, a wrought iron or steel anchor chain/cable is successfully
used on an aluminium alloy hull in sea water, the corrosion path being avoided by a simple insulated coupling between the two
metals. Aluminium is also successfully used in contact with steel under marine environments if the steel is coated with metallic
aluminium.
b
Crevice corrosion can occur between contacting aluminium surfaces, particularly under marine or industrial exposure conditions.
This can be countered by a coat of zinc chromate primer on the contacting surfaces.
c
Magnesium is anodic to aluminium, but under marine conditions the strongly alkaline corrosion products can cause corrosion of
the aluminium.
d
Solders containing heavy metals such as copper or silver can cause corrosion of aluminium in the presence of a good electrolyte.
Optimum corrosion resistance is obtained with a zinc-aluminium solder and optimum joint efficiency is obtained with pure
aluminium, or aluminium-manganese alloys. Brazing, sometimes referred to as hard soldering, can utilize an aluminium-silicon
brazing rod, and so minimize the occurrence of galvanic corrosion. Residues of halide-containing fluxes should be thoroughly
removed from the joint.
e Solders containing lead, and to a lesser extent tin, can cause corrosion of aluminium in the presence of a good electrolyte. A tin-zinc
solder is preferred to a tin-lead solder. Residues of halide containing fluxes can provide the good electrolyte and such fluxes should
be thoroughly removed from the joint.
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 2 Additional corrosion of aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes resulting from
Environment
Immerseda
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact
Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Brasses including high tensile (HT) brass
(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbonb
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Magnesium and magnesium alloys
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Stainless steel (austenitic and other grades
containing approximately 18 % chromium)
Stainless steel (martensitic grades containing
Tin
Rural Industrial/urban Marine Fresh Sea water

water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
3
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0c
1
0
1
0
0c
2
0
Key
0
Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes will suffer either no

additional corrosion, or at the most only very slight additional
corrosion, usually tolerable in service.
Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes may suffer

fairly severe additional corrosion and protective
measures will usually be necessary.
Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes will suffer slight or

moderate additional corrosion which may be tolerable in some
circumstances.
Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes may suffer

severe additional corrosion and the contact should be
avoided.
General note. The table is in terms of additional corrosion and the symbol 0 should not be taken to imply that the metals in contact
need no protection under all conditions of exposure.
a In immersed conditions, the effects will depend on a number of factors including relative areas of the two metals, the velocity of
water flow and the degree of aeration.
b Carbon residues formed during manufacture or during fabrication can cause serious corrosion in many environments.
c
A coating of tin on copper and copper alloys may, over a period of time, depending on coating thickness and service temperature,
become transformed by diffusion into a coating of copper-tin intermetallic compound. This alloy coating will be less likely to suffer
additional corrosion, but it may promote additional corrosion of metals in contact with it, including any exposed substrate metal.
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 3 Additional corrosion of brasses including high tensile (HT) brasses

(manganese bronze)a resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
Environment
Immersedb
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzesc
(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbond
Cast irons
Chromium
Copperc
Cupro-nickelsc
Gold
Gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin bronzesc
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin

water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
1
1
0
1
3
1
1
0
1
2
1
1
0
3
3
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0e
1
0
0
0e
2
0
Key
0
Brasses will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the most

only very slight additional corrosion, usually tolerable in service.
Brasses may suffer fairly severe additional corrosion

and protective measures will usually be necessary.
Brasses will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion which 3

Brasses may suffer severe additional corrosion and
may be tolerable in some circumstances.
the contact should be avoided.
a
Manganese bronzes are more correctly termed high tensile brasses.

immersed conditions, the effects will depend on a number of factors including relative areas of the two metals, the velocity of
c
Brasses subject to dezincification and used in waters in which this occurs will suffer additional corrosion rating 1.
d
Carbon residues formed during manufacture or during fabrication can cause serious corrosion in many environments.
e
b In
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 4 Additional corrosion of cadmiuma resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Stainless steel (martensitic grades
Tin
Rural
Immersed
Industrial/urban Marine
Fresh
water
Sea water
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
1
1
0 to 1
1 to 2
0 to 2
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
2 to 3
2 to 3
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
1
1
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
0 to 1
(1 to 2)
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
0 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
2 to 3
2 to 3
1 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
(2 to 3)
2 to 3
0
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0
1
1
(1)
(1)
1
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
0
0 to 1
0 to 2
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
0
0 to 2
(0 to 2)
0
2 to 3
2 to 3
(1 to 3)
(1 to 3)
1 to 3
(2 to 3)
(2 to 3)
(2 to 3)
2 to 3
0
1 to 2
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 2
1 to 2
0 to 1
0
(0 to 1)
0
1
0 to 1
(1)
0
1 to 2
1
(1 to 2)
0
1 to 2
1
(0 to 2)
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 3)
0
Key
0
Cadmium will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

most only very slight additional corrosion, usually tolerable
in service.
Cadmium may suffer fairly severe additional

corrosion and protective measures will usually be
necessary.
Cadmium will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion

Cadmium may suffer severe additional corrosion and the

contact should be avoided.
a
Cadmium is frequently used as a sacrificial coating on other metals. Additional corrosion will reduce the life of the coating.
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 5 Additional corrosion of cast irons resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast ironsa
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Rural
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
Immersed
Industrial/urban
Marine
0
1
1 to 2
0
1
1 to 2
Fresh
water
0
1
2
Sea
water
0
2
3
0
0
(0 to 1) (1 to 2)
0
0
(1 to 2) (2)
0
(3)
0
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
0
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
0 to 1
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
3
3
2 to 3
3
3
3
3
3
2 to 3
2 to 3
3
(0 to 1) (1 to 2)
(1 to 2) (2)
(3)
0
0
0 to 1
0
0
1
1 to 2
0
0 to 1
0 to 2
3
0
0
0
0 to 1
0
0
1
2
0
Key
0
Cast irons will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

in service.
Cast irons may suffer fairly severe additional

necessary.
Cast irons will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion

Cast irons may suffer severe additional corrosion and the

a
No risk of galvanic corrosion exists unless one of the cast iron components has a layer of graphitic corrosion residue.
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 6 Additional corrosion of cast iron (austenitic)a resulting from contact with other
metals or carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact
Rural
Immersed
Fresh
water
Sea water

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
0
0
0
1 to 2b
0
0
(1)
0
0
0
(1)
0
(1)
0
(2)
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2 to 3b
0
0
0
0
(1)
0
0
0
0
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
0
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
1
(0 to 1)
(1)
1 to 2b
1 to 2
2 to 3b
1 to 2
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(0)
(0)
0
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
(0)
(0)
(0)
1 to 2b
0
1 to 2
1 to 2b
1 to 2b
1 to 2b
1 to 2b
2 to 3b
2 to 3b
2 to 3b
1 to 2b
1 to 2b
1 to 2b
(1)
(0)
0 to 2b
0
0
0
0
0
(0)
(1)
0
0
(1)
(1)
0
0
(0)
(1)
0
0
1 to 2
1 to 2b
0
Austenitic cast iron will suffer either no additional corrosion,

or at the most only very slight additional corrosion, usually
Key
0
Austenitic cast iron may suffer fairly severe additional

necessary.
Austenitic cast iron will suffer slight or moderate additional 3

Austenitic cast iron may suffer severe additional corrosion
corrosion which may be tolerable in some circumstances.
and the contact should be avoided.
a
Austenitic cast iron is also referred to as nickel cast iron.
The higher value of the range shown applies when the area of nickel cast iron (austenitic) is small in relation to the area of the
second alloy forming the couple.
10
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 7 Additional corrosion of chromiuma resulting from contact with other metals or
carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
4
5
6
Metal in contact
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Immersed
Rural Industrial/urban Marine Fresh

water
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Key
0
Chromium will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

most only very slight additional corrosion, usually tolerable in
service.
Chromium may suffer fairly severe additional

necessary.
Chromium will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion

Chromium may suffer severe additional corrosion

General notes. Dashes indicate that no evidence is available and no general guidance can be given.
a Data
relates to chromium as plated in deposits of 75 4m to 125 4m thickness.
BSI 02-1999
11
PD 6484:1979
Table 8 Additional corrosion of copper resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
Environment
Immerseda
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbonb
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin

water
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
02
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
0
2
0 to 1
0 to 2c
0
3
3
2
0
0
0 to 2c
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
2
1
0
0
0 to
2c
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0d
1
0
0
0d
2
0
0 to 1
Key
0
Copper will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the most

only very slight additional corrosion, usually tolerable in service.
Copper may suffer fairly severe additional corrosion

and protective measures will usually be necessary.
Copper will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion which

3
Copper may suffer severe additional corrosion and
a
In immersed conditions, the effects will depend on a number of factors including relative areas of the two metals, the velocity of
water flow and the degree of aeration. With increasing velocity of water flow, copper tends to become less noble whilst
nickel-chromium-iron, nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys and stainless steels tend to become more noble.
b Carbon residues formed during manufacture or during fabrication can cause serious corrosion in many environments.
c
The higher value of the range shown applies when the area of copper is small in relation to the area of the second alloy forming the
couple or when the velocity of sea water flow is high.
d
12
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 9 Additional corrosion of cupro-nickels resulting from contact with other metals or
carbon
Environment
Immerseda
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbonb
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickelsc
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)e
Solders (soft)
Tin
4
5
6
7
8
Metal in contact
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 2
0
2
2
0
0
0
0 to 2
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0 to 2d
0
3
3
1
0
0
0 to 2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Key
0
Cupro-nickels will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

service.
Cupro-nickels may suffer fairly severe additional

necessary.
Cupro-nickels will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion 3

Cupro-nickels may suffer severe additional corrosion
a In
b
90/10 cupro-nickel is less noble than the 70/30 alloy. It may suffer slight additional corrosion in contact with the 70/30 alloy and
may suffer slightly more than the 70/30 alloy in contact with other metals.
d The
higher value of the range shown applies when the area of the second alloy forming the couple is large in relation to the area of
the cupro-nickel and when the velocity of sea water flow is high.
e
Brazing alloys containing phosphorus should not be used with cupro-nickel.
BSI 02-1999
13
PD 6484:1979
Table 10 Additional corrosion of gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin bronzes resulting from
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbonb
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Immerseda
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1c
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1c
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
2c
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1c
1c
0c
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1c
1c
1c
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2c
2c
1c
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0 to 1
0
2
2
1
0
0
0 to 1
0
0
0
1
0
0 to 2
0
3
3
2
0
0
0 to 2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0e
1
0
0
0e
2
0
Key
0
Gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin bronzes will suffer either
2
Gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin bronzes may
no additional corrosion, or at the most only very slight additional
suffer fairly severe additional corrosion and
1
Gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin bronzes will suffer slight or 3
Gunmetals, phosphor bronzes and tin bronzes may
suffer severe additional corrosion and the contact
circumstances.
should be avoided.
a In immersed conditions, the effects will depend on a number of factors including relative areas of the two metals, the velocity of
b
These ratings refer to outdoor exposure. The combinations are used in electrical contacts indoors (including inboard in ships) and
no corrosion is usually encountered.
d The
higher value of the range shown applies when the area of the second alloy forming the couple is large in relation to the area of
the gunmetal and when the velocity of sea water flow is high.
e
additional corrosion, but it may promote additional corrosion of metals in contact with it including any exposed substrate metal.
14
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 11 Additional corrosion of leada resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Leadd
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Metal in contact
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Immersed
Rural Industrial/urban Marineb
Fresh
waterc
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0 to 1
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0
1
1
0
0 to 1
0
(0)
0
0
0
0 to 1
0
(0)
0
0
0
0 to 2
0
(0)
(0 to 1)
1
1
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
0
0 to 2
0
(0)
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
0
0 to 2
0
0
(0 to 1)
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
0
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
0
(0 to 1)
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
0
(0 to 1)
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
1
(0 to 1)
0
(0 to 1)
(0)
(0)
(0 to 1) (0 to 1) 0 to 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Key
0
Lead will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the most

only very slight additional corrosion, usually tolerable in
service.
Lead may suffer fairly severe additional corrosion and

Lead will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion which 3

Lead may suffer severe additional corrosion and the
Dashes indicate that no evidence is available and no general guidance can be given.
a The
information relates to massive lead, with or without small quantities of alloying additions, and to coatings substantially
composed of lead on other metals.
b
Where two figures are given, the higher figure applies in the presence of spray.
c
Effect is variable. Bicarbonates, sulphates and silicates in concentrations usually present in supply waters minimize the effect.
Rise of temperature and aeration may enhance the effect.
d
Lead may be subject to crevice corrosion. Such corrosion may also occur at contacts with other metals which do not otherwise
stimulate corrosion.
BSI 02-1999
15
PD 6484:1979
Table 12 Additional corrosion of magnesium and magnesium alloysa resulting from contact
with other metals or carbon
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact
Aluminium and aluminium alloysd

(manganese bronze)
Cadmiumf
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Magnesium and magnesium alloysg
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Zinc and zinc base alloysf
Environment
Atmospheric
Immersedc
Sea
water
water
1
2
2
1e
2
2
2e
3
3
1
2
2
3e
3
3
0
(2)
1
(1)
1
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
1
2
2
(2)
2
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
1
3
3
(3)
3
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
1
2
2
(2)
2
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
2
3
3
(3)
3
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)h
1
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)h
2
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(2)
3
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
1
1
0
2
1
2
1
3
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
3
2
Key
0
Magnesium and magnesium alloys will suffer either no additional 2
Magnesium and magnesium alloys may suffer fairly
corrosion, or at the most only very slight additional corrosion,
severe additional corrosion and protective measures
usually tolerable in service.
will usually be necessary.
1
Magnesium and magnesium alloys will suffer slight or moderate 3
Magnesium and magnesium alloys may suffer severe
additional corrosion which may be tolerable in some
additional corrosion and the contact should be
circumstances.
avoided.
a
Magnesium is the least noble of all structural metals and is corroded galvanically by contact with all other structural metals in
the presence of an electrolyte. Cadmium and zinc are the only safe contacts in other than mild environments.
b Magnesium alloys are not normally used in immersed conditions irrespective of galvanic contacts.
c
In conducting waters, the relative areas of the magnesium and the contact metal would have some influence.
d
Aluminium-copper alloys accelerate the corrosion of magnesium alloys more than other aluminium base materials.
e
With the couple magnesium-aluminium, corrosion of the more noble metal aluminium can also occur, caused by alkali liberated at
its surface by the galvanic corrosion. See Table 1 on aluminium and aluminium alloys.
f If the cadmium or zinc are plated coatings on more noble metals, the life of the contact will depend on the thickness of the plate
and its durability in the environment.
g Magnesium alloys do not suffer from crevice corrosion (as a result of exclusion of air), but corrosion at crevices may be more rapid
than elsewhere owing to the accumulation of dirt and slow evaporation of water.
h
Flux residues containing chloride provide a local electrolyte which could promote galvanic attack.
16
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 13 Additional corrosion of nickel resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
Metal in contact
See
also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Rural
Immersed
Industrial/urban
Marine
Fresh
water
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 1
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 2a
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
(0 to 2)
0
0
1
0 to 1
1
2
0 to 1
0
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2 to 3a
0
0
(1)
0 to 2a
0 to 2a
2 to 3
0 to 2a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0
0
(0 to 2)
(0 to 2)
(0 to 2)
0 to 1
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
0
0
0 to 1
0
0
0
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0
0
0 to 2a
0 to 2a
0 to 2a
0 to 1a
2 to 3a
2 to 3a
(2 to 3)
0 to 2
0
1 to 2a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 to 2
0
Key
0
Nickel will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

2
Nickel may suffer fairly severe additional corrosion and
in service.
3
Nickel may suffer severe additional corrosion and the
1
Nickel will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion
a The higher value of the range shown applies when the area of nickel is small in relation to the area of the second alloy forming the
couple.
BSI 02-1999
17
PD 6484:1979
Table 14 Additional corrosion of nickel-copper alloys resulting from contact with other
metals or carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Immersed
Rural
Industrial/urban
Marine
Fresh
water
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 to 2a
0
0
0 to 1a
0
0
1 to 2a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 2a
0
1 to 2a
1 to 2a
(0 to 2)
0
0
0 to 1a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 to 2
0
Key
0
Nickel-copper alloys will suffer either no additional corrosion, or 2

at the most only very slight additional corrosion, usually
Nickel-copper alloys may suffer fairly severe additional

necessary.
Nickel-copper alloys will suffer slight or moderate additional

Nickel-copper alloys may suffer severe additional

corrosion and the contact should be avoided.
a
The higher value of the range shown applies when the area of nickel copper alloys is small in relation to the area of the second
alloy forming the couple.
18
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 15 Additional corrosion of nickel-chromium-iron alloys resulting from contact with

Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Immersed
Rural Industrial/urban
Marine
Fresh
water
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1) 0
0
0
0
0 to 2a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
(0 to 1)
0
(1)
0
0
0
0
0
(1)
0
0
2 to 3a
0
0
(0 to 1)a
0 to 2a
0 to 2a
1 to 2a
0 to 2a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 2a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(1)
(1)
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(1 to 2)
2 to 3a
2 to 3a
2 to 3a
1 to 2
0
0 to 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(1 to 2)
0
Key
0
Nickel-chromium-iron alloys will suffer either no additional

Nickel-chromium-iron alloys may suffer fairly severe

additional corrosion and protective measures will
usually be necessary.
3
Nickel-chromium-iron alloys may suffer severe
Nickel-chromium-iron alloys will suffer slight or moderate
additional corrosion and the contact should be avoided.
circumstances.
1
The higher value of the range shown applies when the area of nickel-chromium-iron alloy is small in relation to the area of the
second alloy forming the couple.
BSI 02-1999
19
PD 6484:1979
Table 16 Additional corrosion of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys resulting from

Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Immersed

water
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 2a
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 1a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 1a
0 to 1a
0 to 1a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Key
0
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys will suffer either no

additional corrosion, or at the most only very slight additional
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys may suffer

fairly severe additional corrosion and protective
measures will usually be necessary.
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys will suffer slight or

circumstances.
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys may suffer

severe additional corrosion and the contact should be
avoided.
a
The higher value of the range shown applies when the area of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy is small in relation to the area
of the second alloy forming the couple.
20
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 17 Additional corrosion of nickel silversa resulting from contact with other metals or
carbon
Environment
Immersedb
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbonc
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Rural
Fresh
water
Sea
water
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 1d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 1d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0 to 2d
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0 to 1
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
2
0
0 to 2e
0 to 1d
0 to 1d
0d
0
0
0
0 to 1d
0 to 1d
0 to 1d
0
0
0
0 to 2d
0 to 2d
0 to 1d
0
0
0
2
2
1
0
0
0 to 1
3
3
2
0
0
0 to 2e
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
Key
0
Nickel silvers will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at

the most only very slight additional corrosion, usually tolerable
in service.
Nickel silvers may suffer fairly severe additional

necessary.
Nickel silvers will suffer slight or moderate additional

3
Nickel silvers may suffer severe additional corrosion
a
Nickel silver is the generic term for brasses in which a substantial proportion of copper is replaced by nickel.
c Carbon residues formed during manufacture or during fabrication can cause serious corrosion in many environments.
d
These ratings refer to outdoor exposure. The combinations are used in electrical contacts indoors (including inboard in ships) and
no corrosion is usually encountered.
e
The higher value of the range shown applies when the area of nickel silvers is small in relation to the area of the second alloy
forming the couple and when the velocity of sea water flow is high.
b In
BSI 02-1999
21
PD 6484:1979
Table 18 Additional corrosion of soft soldersa resulting from contact with other metals or
carbon
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact
Aluminium and aluminium alloysd

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tin
Environment
Atmospheric
Immersed
Rural Industrial/urban Marineb Fresh
Sea
water
waterc
0
(0)
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
0
0
0
(1 to 2) (0 to 1) (2)
0 to 1 1
1 to 2
0
(0)
0
(0)
(0)
0
0
(0)
0
0
(0 to 1)
0
(0)
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
0
0
(0 to 2)
0
(0)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 3)
(0 to 1)
0
(0 to 2)
0
(0)
(1 to 2)
0 to 2
0 to 2
(1 to 3)
1
0
(0 to 2)
0
0
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
1 to 2
(3)
1 to 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0
0
0 to 2
1 to 2
0 to 2
0
0
0 to 2
0 to 2
0 to 2
0
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 2
(0)
(0)
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 2
(0)
(0)
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Key
0
Soft solders will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the 2
Soft solders may suffer fairly severe additional
service.
necessary.
1
Soft solders will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion 3
Soft solders may suffer severe additional corrosion and
a
Information relates mainly to the use of tin-lead solders as jointing materials. In general the behaviour of other tin-lead surfaces
such as those of coatings on other metals will be similar, but the consequences of additional corrosion will not be as serious for them
as they are with the area ratios existing in soldered joints. The effects on additional corrosion of solder compositions in the range
commonly used are usually small. Reference may be made to the tables dealing with tin and with lead for additional information
about the extreme ends of the possible composition range. Residue of halide-containing fluxes used in soldering are likely to
increase corrosion risks. When strongly corrosive fluxes are used, the joint should be thoroughly cleaned after soldering.
The application of a tin or a tin-lead coating to the second metal is often a suitable means of protection; this has an additional
advantage in that the use of corrosive fluxes in soldering may be avoided.
b
Where two figures are shown, the higher figure applies in the presence of spray.
c
Effect variable, Bicarbonates, sulphates and silicates, in the concentration usually present in supply waters, minimize effect. Rise
of temperature and aeration may enhance effect. The design of joint is also important, a lapped or capillary joint may be
satisfactory where an open fillet would be destructively corroded.
d In a joint made with tin-lead solder, although the bulk of the solder is not affected, serious corrosion at the interface between
solder and aluminium alloy may occur. A tin-zinc solder is to be preferred.
22
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 19 Additional corrosion of stainless steel (austenitic, with approximately 18 %

chromium) resulting from contact with other metals or carbona
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders hard
Solders softe
Tin
Rural Industrial/urban
Immersed
Marine
Fresh Sea water

water
0
0
0
0b
1c
1c
0
(0)
bc
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)bc
0
0 to 1d
0 to 1d
0b
0
0
0
(0)
1b
(0)
(0)
1bc
1bc
(0)
(0)
(0 to 2)bc
(0 to 2)bc
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
0
1d
0
0d
(0)
0 to 3d
0 to 3d
(0 to 1)d
0
(0)
0 to 1
0
(0)
(0)
0 to 1bc
(0)
(0)
0 to 1
0
0d
0 to 2d
0 to 2d
0 to 2d
0 to 1d
0 to 1d
0d
0 to 1
(0)
0d
0b
0b
0b
0 to 1b
(0)b
(0)
0bd
(0 to 1)d
Key
0
Austenitic stainless steels will suffer either no additional

Austenitic stainless steels may suffer fairly severe

additional corrosion and protective measures will
usually be necessary.
Austenitic stainless steels will suffer slight or moderate

3
Austenitic stainless steels may suffer severe additional
circumstances.
a
Crevice corrosion may occur.

Corrosion products from the metal in contact may be deposited on the stainless steel, at best discolouring the stainless steel and
at worst promoting corrosion of the stainless steel under the deposit.
c Effect will depend on relative areas over which water, e.g. rain or condensation, may be retained.
d
Effect depends on relative areas. If the area of stainless steel is small in relation to that of the coupled metal there may be
considerable extra corrosion. If the areas are equal there may be some effect. If the area of stainless steel is relatively large there
would not normally be any extra corrosion though pitting may be more likely to occur.
e
Residues of fluxes containing halides used in soldering are likely to increase corrosion rates. When strongly corrosive fluxes are
used the joint should be thoroughly cleaned after soldering.
b
BSI 02-1999
23
PD 6484:1979
Table 20 Additional corrosion of stainless steel (martensitic, with approximately 13 %

chromium) resulting from contact with other metals or carbona
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders hard
Solders softe
Tin
Environment
Atmospheric
Rural Industrial/urban Marine
Immersed
Fresh
Sea
water
water
0
(0)
(0)
0
(0 to 1)bc
(0 to 1)bc
0
0
(0 to 1)bc
(0 to 1)bc
0
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)b
(0)
(0)
(0 to 1)bc
(0 to 1)bc
(0)b
(0)b
(0)
(0)
(0 to 1)bc
(0 to 1)bc
(0)b
0 to 1
(0)
(0)
(0)
0
3d
0 to 1d
(0)
(0)
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
(0)
0
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
0
(0)
(0 to 1)bc
(0 to 1)c
(0)
0
(0)
(0 to 1)bc
(0 to 1)c
1d
0
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
1 to 3d
0 to 2d
1 to 2d
(0)
(0 to 1)b
0b
(0 to 1)b
0b
(0 to 1)d
(0 to 1)d
1d
Key
0
Martensitic stainless steels will suffer either no additional
2
Martensitic stainless steels may suffer fairly severe
corrosion, or at the most only very slight additional
additional corrosion and protective measures will usually
be necessary.
1
Martensitic stainless steels will suffer slight or moderate
3
Martensitic stainless steels may suffer severe additional
circumstances.
a
Crevice corrosion may occur.
b
Corrosion products from the metal in contact may be deposited on the stainless steel, at best discolouring the stainless steel and
at worst promoting corrosion of the stainless steel under the deposit.
c
Effect will depend on relative areas over which water, e.g. rain or condensation, may be retained.
d Effect depends on relative areas. If the area of stainless steel is small in relation to that of the coupled metal there may be
considerable extra corrosion. If the areas are equal there may be some effect. If the area of stainless steel is relatively large there
would not normally be any extra corrosion, though pitting may be more likely to occur.
e
Residues of fluxes containing halides used in soldering are likely to increase corrosion rates. When strongly corrosive fluxes are
used the joint should be thoroughly cleaned after soldering.
24
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 21 Additional corrosion of steels (carbon and low alloy)a resulting from contact with
Environment
Atmosphericb
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
Metal in contact

Brasses including high tensile (HT)
brass (manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders hard
Solders soft
Stainless steel (austenitic and other
grades containing approximately 18 %
chromium)
containing approximately 13 %
chromium)
Tin
Rural
Immersed
Industrial/urban Marine Fresh water
Sea
water
0
2 to 3
2 to 3
0
2 to 3
2 to 3
0
3
3
0
3
3
0
3
3
0
1 to 2
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
0
1 to 3
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
2
(0 to 2)
2
(2 to 3)
3
0 to 1
(1)
1 to 2
3
3
0
3
0 to 2
1 to 3
1 to 2
2 to 3
2 to 3
0 to 1
0
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
1
1
1
1
0 to 1
0
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
1
1
0 to 1
0
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1
1
2 to 3
0 to 1
0
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
2
2
2 to 3
2
1
0
1 to 3
1 to 3
1 to 3
1 to 3
3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
Key
0
Carbon and low alloy steels will suffer either no

additional corrosion, or at the most only very slight
additional corrosion, usually tolerable in service.
Carbon and low alloy steels may suffer fairly severe additional
corrosion and protective measures will usually be necessary.
Carbon and low alloy steels will suffer slight or

3
Carbon and low alloy steels may suffer severe additional
moderate additional corrosion which may be tolerable in
some circumstances.
a
The effect will depend on relative areas of the metals in contact. If the area of carbon steel or low alloy steel is equal to that of the
metal with which it is in contact, then the effect will be as shown in the table. If the area of the carbon steel or low alloy steel is
small in relation to the area of the other metal, then considerable extra corrosion may result. If the area of carbon steel or low alloy
steel is large then the effect may not be so marked.
b
Under atmospheric conditions other factors, such as area wetted, presence of spray, degree of shelter and crevices, will assume
importance.
BSI 02-1999
25
PD 6484:1979
Table 22 Additional corrosion of tina resulting from contact with other metals or carbon
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders (hard)
Solders (soft)
Tine
Environment
Atmospheric
Rural Industrial/urban Marine
b
Immersed
Fresh
Sea
waterc
waterc
0
0
0
0
1
0 to 1
0
0
0
1 to 2d 0 to 1 1 to 2d
0 to 1 1
1
0
0
0
(0)
(0)
0
0
(0)
0
0
0
0
0
(0)
(0)
0
(0)
0
(1)
0
(0)
(1)
1
1
(1)
0 to 1
0
0
1
1
(1)
(1)
0
(0 to 1)
0
(2)
0
(0)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2d
1 to 2d
(2)
0 to 1
0
0
1 to 2d
1 to 2d
(1 to 2)
(2)
0
(1 to 2)
(0)
(0 to 1)
(1 to 2) 1
0
(1)
0
(0)
(1)
1
1
(1)
1
0
0
1
1
(1)
0
1
0
(2)
0
(0)
(2)
2d
2d
(2)
1
0
0
2d
2d
1
1
(2)
0
2
Key
0
Tin will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the most only 2
Tin may suffer fairly severe additional corrosion and
very slight additional corrosion, usually tolerable in service,
1
Tin will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion which
3
Tin may suffer severe additional corrosion and the
a
Information relates either to massive tin or to complete tin coatings on other metals. Coatings of tin alloys behave differently:
tin-nickel alloy will not usually suffer additional corrosion from any contact, tin-zinc alloy will be affected rather like zinc and tinlead rather like soft solders. A coating of tin on copper or on copper alloys may become, in a time depending on the coating thickness
and service temperature, transformed by diffusion into a coating of copper-tin intermetallic compound. This alloy coating will be
less likely than tin to suffer additional corrosion but it may promote additional corrosion of many metals in contact with it
including any exposed substrate metal.
b
Where two figures are given, the higher figure applies in the presence of spray.
c Except when the area of tin is small, any additional corrosion is likely to take the form of an increase in the number of points of
local attack, many of which may be distant from the contact area. With increased temperature or with waters containing dissolved
salts, but depositing little or no scale, the effect may be enhanced.
d A rating of 2 should not be taken to imply that tin is an unsuitable protective coating for the metal.
e
For the immersed condition, crevice corrosion may occur.
26
BSI 02-1999
PD 6484:1979
Table 23 Additional corrosion of zinc and zinc base alloys resulting from contact with other
metals or carbon
Environment
Atmospheric
See also
table
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Metal in contact

(manganese bronze)
Cadmium
Carbon
Cast irons
Chromium
Copper
Cupro-nickels
Gold
bronzes
Lead
Nickel
Nickel silvers
Platinum
Rhodium
Silver
Solders hard
Solders soft
Tin
Rural
Immersed
Industrial/urban
Marine
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
1
1
0 to 1
1 to 2
0 to 2
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
2 to 3
2 to 3
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
0
1
1
1
1 to 2
1 to 2
0 to 1
(1 to 2)
1
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
0
0 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
0
2 to 3
2 to 3
1 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
2 to 3
(2 to 3)
2 to 3
0
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
(0 to 1)
0 to 1
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0
1
1
(1)
(1)
1
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1
0
0 to 1
0 to 1
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
0
0 to 1
0 to 2
0
1 to 2
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
(1 to 2)
1 to 2
0
0 to 2
(0 to 2)
0
2 to 3
2 to 3
(1 to 3)
(1 to 3)
1 to 3
(2 to 3)
(2 to 3)
(2 to 3)
2 to 3
0
1 to 2
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 1
0 to 2
1 to 2
0 to 1 1
0
0 to 1
(0 to 1) (1)
Fresh
water
Sea
water
1 to 2 1 to 2 1 to 2
1
1
1 to 2
(1 to 2) (0 to 2) (1 to 3)
Key
0
Zinc and zinc base alloys will suffer either no additional

corrosion, or at the most only very slight additional
Zinc and zinc base alloys may suffer fairly severe

additional corrosion and protective measures will usually
be necessary.
Zinc and zinc base alloys will suffer slight or moderate

circumstances.
Zinc and zinc base alloys may suffer severe additional

a
Zinc is frequently used as a sacrificial coating on other metals. Additional corrosion will reduce the life of the coating.
BSI 02-1999
27
BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL
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PD 6484:1979

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Amendments issued since publication

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Table 21 Additional corrosion of steels (carbon and low alloy)

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

2 Conditions affecting corrosion at

An apparent exception to the necessity for the two

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Whilst the recommendations in this document are

3 Prevention of bimetallic corrosion

b) by preventing the formation of a continuous

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

3.5 Paints and other organic coatings. The

In selecting the appropriate column for an

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

4.4 Further information. If circumstances arise

Table 1 Additional corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys resulting

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Aluminium and aluminium alloys may suffer

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Rural Industrial/urban Marine Fresh Sea water

Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes will suffer either no

Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes may suffer

Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes will suffer slight or

Aluminium bronzes and silicon bronzes may suffer

Table 3 Additional corrosion of brasses including high tensile (HT) brasses

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Rural Industrial/urban Marine Fresh Sea water

Brasses will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the most

Brasses may suffer fairly severe additional corrosion

Brasses will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion which 3

Manganese bronzes are more correctly termed high tensile brasses.

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Cadmium will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

Cadmium may suffer fairly severe additional

Cadmium will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion

Cadmium may suffer severe additional corrosion and the

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Cast irons will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

Cast irons may suffer fairly severe additional

Cast irons will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion

Cast irons may suffer severe additional corrosion and the

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Austenitic cast iron will suffer either no additional corrosion,

Austenitic cast iron may suffer fairly severe additional

Austenitic cast iron will suffer slight or moderate additional 3

Austenitic cast iron is also referred to as nickel cast iron.

Aluminium and aluminium alloys

Licensed copy:Faber Maunsell, 17/11/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

Rural Industrial/urban Marine Fresh

Chromium will suffer either no additional corrosion, or at the

Chromium may suffer fairly severe additional

Chromium will suffer slight or moderate additional corrosion

Chromium may suffer severe additional corrosion