Effective Span

85 mm

8015
mm

350
mm

2650 mm

8450 mm
300
mm

Figure 1: Cross section of Single storey car park

leff = ln + a1 + a2

(BS EN 1992-1.1-2004, Equation 5.8)

where:
ln : the distance between the faces of the supports;
a1 and a2 : determined from appropriate ai at each end of the span.

Figure 2: Effective span leff for different conditions

(BS EN 1992-1.1-2004, Figure 5.4)

A
leff 1
Figure 3: Representation of Effective span

The beam supported at A is a non-continuous member with

a1

= min {t/2;h/2}
= t/2
= 150 mm

leff 1

= ln + a1 + a2
= 8015 + 175 + 150
= 8340 mm

leff 2

The beam supported at B is a continuous member with

a2

= min {t/2;h/2}
= t/2
= 150 mm

leff 2

= 2650 + 150
= 2800 mm

8.34 m
Figure 4: Effective span according to EC2

2.8 m

Load collection
6000 mm

350 mm

RC Beam

RC Slab 215 mm
Pavement 50 mm

300 mm
Figure 5: Cross section of reinforced concrete solid floor slab and beam used for load collection

Imposed Loading
Vehicle imposed uniformly distributed floor load

5.0 kN/m2

Permanent Loading
Self-weight of waterproofing and non-structural asphalt

17.0 kN/m3

Self-weight of reinforced concrete

24.0 kN/m3

Permanent Loads (GK)

Waterproofing and asphalt
Reinforced concrete slab
Reinforced concrete beam
Total Dead UDL
Imposed Loads (QK)
Vehicle

17x6x0.05
24x6x0.215
24x0.3x0.35

5x6

Gk (kN/m)
5.10
30.96
2.52
38.58

G
1.35
1.35
1.35

QQk (kN/m)
6.89
41.80
3.40
52.08

Qk (kN/m)
30

Q
1.5

GGk (kN/m)
45

Maximum UDL will occur for unfavourable permanent action and imposed action (1.5Qk + 1.35Gk)
Maximum Ultimate UDL

= QQk + GGk
= 1.5 x 30 + 1.35 x 38.58
= 97.08 kN/m

Minimum UDL will occur for favourable permanent action (Gk)

Minimum Ultimate UDL

= Gk
= 38.58kN/m

Load combinations
Case 1
1.5Qk

1.5Qk

1.35Gk

1.35Gk

UBL acting on beam from A to C

=
=
=

1.5Qk + 1.35Gk
1.5 x 30 + 1.35 x 38.58
97.08 kN /m

Case 2
To establish the critical design conditions, the following load arrangements are recommended, as
per Euro code (BS EN 1992-1.1- Section 5.1.3).
a.) Alternate spans carrying the design variable and permanent load (QQk + GGk), other
spans carrying only the design permanent load, GGk (Case 2).
b.) Any two adjacent spans carrying the design variable and permanent loads (QQk + GGk).
All other spans carrying only the design permanent load, GGk (Case 3).
For the cases 2 & 3, the most critical scenarios occur by using G = 1 for the spans loaded with
only the design permanent load (GGk).

Q = 1.5
G = 1.35

G = 1

UBL acting on beam from A to B

=
=
=

1.5Qk + 1.35Gk
1.5 x 30 + 1.35 x 38.58
97.08 kN /m

UBL acting on beam from B to C

=
=

Gk
38.58 kN /m

Case 3
Q = 1.5
G = 1.35

G = 1

UBL acting on beam AB

=
=

Gk
38.58 kN/m

UBL acting on beam BC

=
=
=

1.5Qk + 1.35Gk
1.5 x 30 + 1.35 x 38.58
97.08 kN/m

Shear force and bending moment envelopes

Case 1
BC = 97.08 kN/m

RB

RA
Equilibrium of system in Vertical direction
RA + RB

97.08 x 11.14

1081.47 kN

2.8 mA
8.34 m Moment about
RB x 8.34 97.08 x 11.142 / 2= 0
RB

722.28 kN

RA

359.19 kN

Shear and Moment Functions

2.8 m

8.34 m

X
Where X is the general distance from left support
For 0<X<8.34
Bending moment

= 97.08X2/2-359.19X

Shear Force

= -97.08X+359.19

For 8.34<X<11.14
Bending moment

= 97.08(11.14-X)2/2

Shear Force

= 97.08(11.14-X)

Case 2
AB = 38.58 kN/m

8.34 m

RA

BC = 97.08 kN/m

RB

2.8 m

Equilibrium of system in Vertical direction

RA + RB

97.08 x 2.8 + 38.58 x 8.34

593.58 kN

Moment about A
RB x 8.34 38.58 x 8.342/2 -97.08 x 2.8 x (8.34 + 2.8/2) = 0
RB

478.33 kN

RA

115.25 kN

Shear and Moment Functions

2.8 m

8.34 m

X
Where X is the general distance from left support
For 0<X<8.34
Bending moment

= 38.58X2/2-115.25X

Shear Force

= -38.58X+115.25

For 8.34<X<11.14
Bending moment

= 97.08(11.14-X)2/2

Shear Force

= 97.08(11.14-X)

Case 3
AB = 97.08 kN/m

BC = 38.58 kN/m