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Wood Finishes

Natural wood finishes, especially those that soak into the grain, are often difficult to remove, so take
time to think about your requirements and choose the right product. Protection offered by natural
finishes varies. Dye, for example, may offer no protection by itself. Always buy a suitable interior or
exterior formula. Consider if you want an almost invisible coat or would prefer some color or gloss.
Also, think about how much time you are prepared to spend on applicationthere may be one-coat
options available. Finally, look out for eco-friendly options, such as water-based varnishes and stains or
products made from 100-percent natural ingredients.

DK - Do It Yourself Home Improvement, 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Varnish
Hardwearing, transparent or colored, decorative and preservative finish that highlights and protects
the wood surface below. Matte and high-gloss versions are available. You can buy water-based and oilbased types.
For interior or exterior use as specified. Can be used on bare wood or to protect unsealed finishes, such
as dye. Covers 600 to 900 square feet per gallon. May need several coats. Apply with a brush for the
best finish.

DK - Do It Yourself Home Improvement, 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Stain
Soaks into the wood to provide a decorative and sometimes preservative finish. Darkens or colors
wood. Matte to gloss, water-based and oil-based types are available.For interior or exterior use as
specified. Use as a finish or coat with varnish for extra durability. Apply to clean, bare wood for a true

color. Covers 400 to 1,000 square feet per gallon. May need several coats. Apply with a brush for the
best finish.

DK - Do It Yourself Home Improvement, 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Dye
Subtly enhances natural color or evens out shades on different pieces of wood. Dyes can be mixed to
match an existing color. Gives a matte finish. Water-based and oil-based types are available.
Only for interior use unless specified, or protected with exterior varnish. Apply as a finish or beneath
varnish or wax. Covers 400 to 750 square feet per gallon. May need several coats. Apply with a brush
for the best finish.

DK - Do It Yourself Home Improvement, 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Wax
Transparent or translucent decorative finish; some types can be buffed to a high gloss. Feeds and
protects the wood but will not penetrate a sealed surface. Both water-based and oil-based types are
available.
For interior use only. Apply to bare wood or over unsealed finishes such as dye. Apply with a cloth.
Brush-on waxes are also available. Needs several coats and regular maintenance.

DK - Do It Yourself Home Improvement, 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Oil
Transparent finish that nourishes and protects wood. External surfaces lose their finish but stay
protected. Buff to achieve mid-sheen finish. Will not penetrate a sealed surface.For interior or exterior
use. Must be applied to unsealed wood. Covers 400 to 750 square feet per gallon. Apply with a brush
or cloth yearly. Highly flammable.

DK - Do It Yourself Home Improvement, 2009 Dorling Kindersley Limited

Wood Preserver
Prevents rot and insect damage. Available clear or colored with a matte or a semigloss finish. Both
water-based and oil-based types are available.Exterior use. Used alone, or as base coat for another
natural wood finish or paint. Covers 4001,000 square feet per gallon. Apply in sections as for stain or
as specified.

AR-COMPRE
DIFFERENT WOOD FINISHING PAINTS
PAINT APPLICATION PROCESS

PAINTING TYPES
07/03/2016
07/11/2016
https://www.asianpaints.com/products/woodfinishes/furniture.html
http://www.apcocoatings.com/expert_help/pg_pp_wo
oden_surfaces.aspx

ARABES,RAYMAR B.

AR. ANA LEA DIEGO ,uap

DIFFERENT WOOD FINISHING PAINTS

Wood finishes are perfect for creating beautifully finished furniture and for restoring old pieces. Browse
through our range of wood finishes for furniture to find the right product for your furniture.

PAINTING TYPES
Most paints fall into one of the general categories of eggshell, semi-gloss, flat or gloss. You may also need to apply
primer or first coat, depending on the surface being painted. These basic paints will answer most of your needs but
it is worth looking for formulas that will perform better in specific situations. Always apply paint as recommended by
the manufacturer.

Base Coats
For a decorative finish coat to last and look as good as possible, the right base coats are essential. For interiors, a
combined primer-first coat is a good option.
Primer
Used on new, uncoated surfaces, primer protects the material beneath and provides a good base for further coats.
Most paints can be sprayed with the right sprayer. Oil-based and water-based primers are available. Traditionalists
prefer to use oil-based primer before oil-based paints, especially on exterior woodwork. Plaster and masonry are
usually primed with a coat of latex paint diluted with 10 percent water, known as a "mist coat," although a
stabilizing primer or solution may be needed if the surface is very flaky or powdery. Special primers for other
surfaces such as tiles or melamine are also available, and can be over painted with normal paints.
First Coat
A specially formulated paint used to build up opacity beneath finish coats, one or two coats of first coat paint are
usually required before the decorative finish coat is applied. Use pale first coat beneath pale finish coats and a dark
first coat beneath dark finish coats. Although most oil-based first coat is suitable for interior or exterior use, exterior
first coats are available that will last longer when exposed to the elements. Water-based paints are usually applied
in as many coats as are required to provide an even coverage.
Best Picks for Paint Finishes 01:19
Everything you need to know about paint finishes from Amy Matthews.

Finish Coats
Once you have applied the base coats, or washed down previously painted surfaces and rinsed them thoroughly,
you are ready to apply the decorative finish.
Flat
A latex-based, versatile paint type, flat is normally used for walls and ceilings. Many types of finish are available:
dead-flat matt, matt, a water-based eggshell and silk. Some formulations contain vinyl to make them more
hardwearing. Flat is also best used on siding materials. It can help the material cope with moisture. Exterior flat is
available with a smooth or rough texture. Apply all flat using as many coats as are necessary for even coverage. For
use in a sprayer, dilute flat with 10 percent water.
Eggshell
More durable than flat, eggshell has a slight sheen. Always check the exact finish because the degree of sheen
varies between manufacturers. It is most commonly used on interior wood surfaces as an alternative to semi-gloss,
although some manufacturers will specify that the paint may be used on exterior surfaces. Eggshell can also be
used on wall surfaces where a hardwearing finish is required as it is easier to clean. Two coats will usually give an
even color; use primer and first coat as required.
Gloss and Satin
A very hardwearing finishing paint, gloss is used mainly on wooden and metal surfaces. Satin is used in the same
way as gloss but is slightly less shiny and is increasingly popular, especially for interior woodwork. Both solventbased and latex-based versions of gloss and satin paints are available. Latex-based paints are easier to apply and
less prone to yellowing with age, but do not provide as high a shine or hardwearing a finish as solvent-based
paints. Almost all gloss and satin paints are suitable for interior or exterior use. Some glosses are formulated
especially for exposed exterior surfaces. Gloss is generally applied as a single coat over one or two coats of primer.

Water-Based and Solvent-Based Paints


Paints are made up of pigment and a binder. Water-based (latex or acrylic) paints use water for a binder, solventbased paints use mineral spirit, and some specialty paints use thinner. Natural wood finishes are also water- or oilbased. If you are using a mineral spirit- or thinner-based product (also sold as solvent-based) plan how you will
dispose of excess paint. There are regulations.
More natural or eco-friendly alternatives to oil are available, and include alkyds. They are made of renewable
materials such as plant oils, contain fewer preservatives, and their manufacture is less polluting.

Specialty Paints
Good-quality paints will perform well in all domestic situations as long as they are used with the right primer and
applied on the surface they were designed for. However, sometimes it can be worth using paint formulated for a
specific task.
Bathroom or Kitchen Paints
These flats resist fungal growth and moisture better than standard formulations, although if you have condensation
you should consider improving ventilation.
Floor Paint
Used on concrete and floorboards, floor paints are typically solvent-based and very hardwearing. Gloss or sheen
finishes are available. New concrete floors should be left to cure completely before painting; check their progress
with a moisture meter.
Create a Metallic Paint Finish 01:02
Here are the DIY Basics for creating a metallic paint finish.

Metal Paint
High-gloss, smooth and textured (often hammered) metal paints are available. They can be used internally or
externally; some types can be applied straight over rust. Thinner is generally required to clean brushes, rather than
mineral spirit.
Traditional Paints
Products such as distemper and limewash, as well as ranges of traditional colors, can now be purchased relatively
easily.

Painting a Room
New surfaces such as drywall or tongue-and-groove woodwork need an appropriate primer coat before first coats or
finish coats are applied. When decorating previously painted surfaces, you will still need to apply first coats as well
as finish coats. For information on applying natural wood finishes.
Woodwork
Prime bare wood with an alkyd paint, then paint it with two or more coats of eggshell, or one or two coats of a
suitable shade of first coat and finish with a semi-gloss finish coat
Walls and Ceilings
These are usually painted with flat paint. Paint with a latex sealer. Use a mist coat to prime bare masonry walls and
ceilings or apply good-quality flat directly onto the surface. Use eggshell for a hardwearing finish
Floors
If you want to paint the floor, use specially formulated, hardwearing floor paint

Recommended Application Methods

Although latex- and oil-based paints can be applied with rollers or pads as well as brushes, cleaning them after
using oil paints is difficult and will require lots of white spirit or thinner.

Primer: Use a brush, roller or pad.

First Coat: Use a brush, roller or pad.

Flat: Use a brush, roller, pad or sprayer.

Eggshell: Use a brush, roller or pad.

Gloss: Use a brush.

Floor Paint (on Wood): Use a brush.

Floor Paint (on Concrete): Use a brush or roller.

Metal Paint: Use a brush.

The process of painting is easily divided into three parts: pre-painting, surface preparation and painting
Pre-painting work -This includes preparatory work like general cleaning, masking up, positioning drop-

sheets, fixing masonry, filling cracks, water proofing, These activities need to be undertaken prior to
applying paint to ensure the best possible finish and gain the maximum life for the final paint film.
Surface preparation- This refers to the process of making the surface fit for paint application. For
example, if you are painting your interior walls you would need to make them smooth by applying
APCO Acrylic Wall Putty or a suitable filler recommended by your local hardware store.
PaintingPainting -is the final step in the process, it is indeed the most enjoyable and skillful part of
the job. A freshly painted room will make a difference to your life. In the following sections we go
through the steps to be followed in getting the final paint film on the surface.The process of painting is
different for different types of surfaces. To know more about the painting process for each type of
surface click on the type of surface you wish to paint

PAINT APPLICATION PROCESS

Interior Walls

Pre-painting it is important to:

Check surface for incidence of dampness or water seepage. Rectify the water seepage problem at source,
his could mean repairing leaking pipes or cracks in the exterior walls.

Remove any loose plaster from the wall. You can check for loose plaster by tapping on the walls. A hollow
sound indicates loose plaster.

Fill all gaps and cracks and repair broken plaster

Ensure proper curing time when re-plastering to ensure a smooth dry surface.

Surface Preparation

Follow the steps outlined above.

Remove loose particles and paint flakes. Use fine-coarse 120 grip sandpaper to ensure that the surface is
smooth and entirely free of all loose material.

Previously painted (Enamel or Acrylic) surfaces if in good condition, need not be removed. However, we do
recommend to sand back i.e. reduce the sheen level of the entire surface area and then wipe the walls
down to remove any residual dust to ensure a better bond for the new paint.

Cracked or flaked paint must also be completely removed.

Fungus affected areas need to be given a separate treatment. Mix or dilute 5-10 % solution of bleach in
water and apply on affected areas with brush or sponge. Wash the walls with clean water and allow the
surface to dry.

For a professional and smooth finish Fill and level the minor undulations on the walls by applying putty. For
best results, use APCO's Acrylic Wall Putty. In case of "major" undulations on the wall surface, you may
wish to employ the services of a proessional plasterer or complete the job yourself, by selecting from a
range of water based fillers from your local hardware store. In any case ensure that the surface is
uniformly smooth by sanding after completing repairs to the wall surface.

Avoid application of putty or filling compound while painting exterior surfaces. Fill up cracks with a 1:3 (by
volume) cement and sand mixture.

All external drainage pipes must be checked for rusting or leakage. Any faulty plumbing must be rectified

Special attention must be given to the roof. Check for cracks near the edges and close to the water
reservoirs. Proper masonry or waterproofing work on the ceiling will enhance the performance of the paint.

Painting a freshly painted room has the potential to invigorate and change your life. So we need to do
this properly. Every space takes on a new charm and personality when its newly painted; and a new
colour adds vitality and brings he room up to date.
Ceilings
Paint the ceiling

Choose APCO LUXE Acrylic Ceiling Flat, because it has superior coverage, low roller splatter and hide
imperfections.
Paints Walls

Water based paints are the way to go.


Choose between APCO FORTUNA SILK and APCO LUXE. FORTUNA SILK is the most technologically
advanced Ultra Premium paint, the finest on the market. It gives a one coat coverage over a similar
shade cutting painting time. It is the one for high traffic areas. LUXE Interior 100% Acrylic has excellent
washability. Use LUXE Low sheen on walls in living rooms and bedrooms and LUXE Semi Gloss on walls
in wet areas like kitchens and bath rooms.
Paint the windoe trim then Paint the doors and finally the skirtings
Choose between traditional oil based or the modern water based paints.
Oil/Enamel paint

Apply oil / enamel undercoat . Apply one coat of OILPREP Enamel quick dry (6 hours) recoat time,
followed by two coats of finishing paint. Then apply ENDURE INTERIOR SEMI GLOSS a premium,
hardwearing oil based paint with a reduced gloss level formulated for interiors. For a mirror-like gloss
finish Apply ENDURE INTERIOR/EXTERIOR GLOSS ENAMEL.

Water based paints for trims

ECONAMEL is an Ultra Premium High Gloss, a new generation 100% Acrylic suitable for interior and
exterior surfaces. Low odour, fast drying time, non-yellowing and environment friendly.
Please Note: One liberal coat of Decoprime Wall Primer (solvent thinned or water thinned) is
recommended on puttied areas before the application of top coat. The primer should be allowed to dry
for 10 - 12 hours. If the primer coat is not applied over the puttied areas, there can be a patchy
appearance of the top coat.

Exterior Walls

Pre-painting
Work Practice and Safety

Ensure you apply safe work practice. Clear the site of any debris and if working to heights ensure
scaffolding and ladders are properly secured and erected properly. For exterior surfaces it is very
important to undertake repairs of any wall imperfections before commencing painting. The most
common problem with exterior walls especially in older buildings is cracks in the walls. Fill "wide"
cracks more than 4 mm with a 1:3 cement and sand mixture. All external drainage pipes must be
checked for rusting or leakage. Any faulty plumbing must be rectified.Special attention must be given
to the roof. Check for cracks near the edges and close to the water reservoirs. Proper masonry or
waterproofing work on the ceiling will enhance the performance of the painted surfaces.
Surface Preparation

Newly plastered surfaces must be allowed to cure for at least 35 to 45 days before painting.

To ensure long protection, the surface to be painted should be free from dust, grease and any loose
materials.

Remove any fungus and algae growth thoroughly by brushing it vigorously with wire brush and then
cleaning it with bleaching powder solution in water (dissolve 10% bleaching powder in 1 litre of water, filter
the solution and apply with a brush or sponge). This treatment should be done with greater care on the top
of the awnings, sunshades, parapets and other horizontal surfaces where water is likely to accumulate
during monsoon.

Previously oil painted surfaces, should be sanded thoroughly to roughen up the surface and remove loose
particles for better adhesion.

Exterior rough surfaces that were previously coated, should be wire brushed, then washed down with
water thoroughly and allowed to dry completely.

Before painting, ensure that the surface is free from chalking.

Remember the exterior surface should not be affected by water and constant dampness should be
avoided. For best results avoid applying any kind of paint (acrylic or enamel) during high humidity or rain
periods; allow the surface to dry out completely before re commencing painting.

Painting

A well presented exterior shows a wise owner. Safeguarding your investment in your building with
ongoing paint maintance is common sense. Paint has the power to protect and keep exteriors looking
better for longer.

For traditional (three coat system - one undercoat followed by two fininsh coats if so apply APCO SUREPREP
INTERIOR/EXTERIOR ACRYLIC SEALER UNDERCOAT. Then two coats of WEATHERBLOCK OR VILLA SUNFAST.

Allow the recommended dry time between coats.

It is recommended that horizontal surfaces like the tops of awnings and parapets must be given an
additional coat for greater protection.

Wooden Surfaces

Surface Preparation

Previously painted wooden surfaces must be properly sanded to "roughen" the existing paint film and to
also remove any dust or grease. If mould is present clean with APCO MPOULD ACTION.

Fill any holes with appropriate wood filler.

Sand any filled areas with 180 sand paper and then spot prime with wood primer.

Now the wooden surface is ready for painting with the top coat

Apply one coat of OILPREP INTERIOR/EXTERIOR WOOD PRIMER by brush, roller or spray. If thinning is
required follow the instructions on the label.and use the proper thinning agent.

Painting

For Opaque finish you can choose conventional enamels (APCO ENDURE INTERIOR/EXTERIOR ENAMEL
GLOSS OR SEMI GLOSS.

Apply wood primer by brush, after thinning to given ratio by recommended thinner. Allow the primer to dry
for the recommended dry time.

If necessary fill holes with appropriate wood filler.

Sand the filled area with 180 grip paper & spot primer with OILPREP INTERIOR/EXTERIO WOOD PRIMER.

Now the wooden surface is ready for painting with the top coat

Apply with brush roller or spary as desired and dependant on skills level.

The drying time of enamels is longer; hence care must be taken to ensure a dust free environment while
the paint film is drying.

Two coats of paint is sufficient in most cases, however if the earlier paint shade was significantly darker
than the new shade an additional or third top coat is recommended.

Wooden Surface - Transparent finishes


Surface Preparation

The Wooden Surface to be coated must be seasoned i.e. fully cured

Fill the larger cracks in the timber with wood filler, allow to dry, then sand the entire surface with 80 or 120
sand paper depending on the textute of the timber. Make sure to sand in the direction of the grain to avoid
scratching and damaging the look of the grain and the timber.

The purpose of the filler is to fill the grains and pores and it should not be used as putty. The excess filler
must be removed. After 30 minutes the filler may be applied again if required. Allow 2 to 3 hours drying
time.

Sand the filled surface with 220 emery paper

Staining with APCO TRANSTAIN is recommended if you prefer a light stain finish Do not use APCO
TRANSTAIN on exterior wooden surfaces.

Painting
For New Wood

Ensure that the surface to be coated is free from dust.

Choose any transparent coating from APCO like TIMBERCARE WOODENHANCE, METACARE 343
TIMBERCARE SOLID WOOD STAIN, and TIMERCARE NATURAL OIL STAIN

(Instructions for thinning) Two to three coats of finish coating application are recommended to achieve the
best results in terms of gloss and decorative appeal.

Containers should be firmly closed after use.

For Pre-Polished Wood

Sand the surface along the grain with 180 sand paper followed by 220 to achieve a really nice smooth
finish.

If staining is desired, completely remove the old finish. Wipe the surface free of loose dust

Proceed with the finish coats as explained above.

Wooden Surfaces
Surface Preparation

Previously painted wooden surfaces must be properly sanded to "roughen" the existing paint film and to
also remove any dust or grease. If mould is present clean with APCO MPOULD ACTION.

Fill any holes with appropriate wood filler.

Sand any filled areas with 180 sand paper and then spot prime with wood primer.

Now the wooden surface is ready for painting with the top coat

Apply one coat of OILPREP INTERIOR/EXTERIOR WOOD PRIMER by brush, roller or spray. If thinning is
required follow the instructions on the label.and use the proper thinning agent.

Painting

For Opaque finish you can choose conventional enamels (APCO ENDURE INTERIOR/EXTERIOR ENAMEL
GLOSS OR SEMI GLOSS.

Apply wood primer by brush, after thinning to given ratio by recommended thinner. Allow the primer to dry
for the recommended dry time.

If necessary fill holes with appropriate wood filler.

Sand the filled area with 180 grip paper & spot primer with OILPREP INTERIOR/EXTERIO WOOD PRIMER.

Now the wooden surface is ready for painting with the top coat

Apply with brush roller or spary as desired and dependant on skills level.

The drying time of enamels is longer; hence care must be taken to ensure a dust free environment while
the paint film is drying.

Two coats of paint is sufficient in most cases, however if the earlier paint shade was significantly darker
than the new shade an additional or third top coat is recommended.

Wooden Surface - Transparent finishes

Surface Preparation

The Wooden Surface to be coated must be seasoned i.e. fully cured

Fill the larger cracks in the timber with wood filler, allow to dry, then sand the entire surface with 80 or 120
sand paper depending on the textute of the timber. Make sure to sand in the direction of the grain to avoid
scratching and damaging the look of the grain and the timber.

The purpose of the filler is to fill the grains and pores and it should not be used as putty. The excess filler
must be removed. After 30 minutes the filler may be applied again if required. Allow 2 to 3 hours drying
time.

Sand the filled surface with 220 emery paper

Staining with APCO TRANSTAIN is recommended if you prefer a light stain finish Do not use APCO
TRANSTAIN on exterior wooden surfaces.

Painting
For New Wood

Ensure that the surface to be coated is free from dust.

Choose any transparent coating from APCO like TIMBERCARE WOODENHANCE, METACARE 343
TIMBERCARE SOLID WOOD STAIN, and TIMERCARE NATURAL OIL STAIN

(Instructions for thinning) Two to three coats of finish coating application are recommended to achieve the
best results in terms of gloss and decorative appeal.

Containers should be firmly closed after use.

For Pre-Polished Wood

Sand the surface along the grain with 180 sand paper followed by 220 to achieve a really nice smooth
finish.

If staining is desired, completely remove the old finish. Wipe the surface free of loose dust

Proceed with the finish coats as explained above.

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