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SIMPLE NOTE PHYSICS FORM 4

Wednesday, March 05, 2014

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Assalammualaikum dan salam 1 Malaysia :)

PHYSICS FORM 4

TERMS AND DEFINITION

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

Physical quantities
Base quantities

Derived quantities
Scientific notation/standard form
Prefixes

Scalar quantity
Vector quantity
Error

QUANTITIES that are measurable

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES that cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantities

Follow

but has its own definition

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES that are derived from base quantities by multiplication or

division or both

POWERS of the base number 10 to show a very large or small number

GROUP OF LETTERS placed at the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, which
act as multipliers

QUANTITY which has only magnitude or size(time, temperature, mass, volume,

LABELS

A.K

CERITA DI DUNIA

ROHANI

SAJAK

SUPERHERO FANTASI

NOTA BERGUNA

SEGMEN DAN GA
TANGAN GATAL

distance, density, power)

QUANTITY which has both magnitude or size and direction(force, velocity,

BLA BLA BLA

displacement, acceleration, momentum)

DIFFERENCE between actual value of a quantity and the value obtained in

measurement

Systematic errors

CUMULATIVE ERRORS that can be corrected, if the errors are known.(zero error,

Random errors

ERRORS that arise from unknown and unpredictable variations in condition, and will

incorrect calibration of measuring instrument)

produce a different error every time. Random errors are caused by factors that are

beyond the control of observers.(human limitations, lack of sensitivity, natural errors,

wrong technique)
Zero Errors

ERROR that arises when the measuring instrument does not start from exactly zero

Parallax error

ERROR in reading an instrument because the observers eyes and the pointer are not

Measurement

PROCESS of determining value of a quantity using a scientific instrument with a

Consistency

ABILITY to register the same reading when a measurement is repeated(improve

Accuracy

in a line perpendicular to the plane of scale

standard scale

eliminates parallax error, greater care, not detective instrument)

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DEGREE to which a measurement represents the actual value(improve repeat

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readings, avoid parallax/zero error, high accuracy instrument)

ABILITY to detect quickly a small change in the value of a measurement(thermometer

Sensitivity

thin wall bulb, narrow capillary)

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Inferences

EARLY CONCLUSION that you draw from an observation or event using information

Hypothesis

GENERAL STATEMENT that is assumed to be true regarding the relationship

that you already have on it

between the manipulated variable and responding variable

CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION

how far a body travels during motion

Speed

RATE OF CHANGE of distance

CHANGE IN POSITION of an object from its initial position in a specified direction

Velocity

RATE OF CHANGE of displacement

Mass

MEASURE of an objects inertia /AMOUNT of matter in the object

Acceleration

RATE OF CHANGE of velocity

Inertia

PROPERTY of matter that causes it to resist any change in its motion or state of rest

Momentum

PRODUCT of mass and velocity

Force

pulling or a pushing ACTION on an object

Impulsive force

LARGE FORCE which acts over a very short time interval / RATE OF CHANGE in
momentum

FORCE originated from centre of the Earth that pulls all objects towards the ground

Gravity

Free fall

FALLING of an object without encountering any resistance from a height towards the

Forces inequilibrium

An object is said to be in a state of equilibrium when forces act upon an object and it

earth with an acceleration due to gravity

remains stationary or moves at a constant velocity

Resultant force

SINGLE FORCE which combines two or more forces which act on an object

Work

Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.

Energy

CAPACITY of a system to do work

Gravitational PE

ENERGY STORED in the object because of its height above the earth surface

Elastic PE

ENERGY STORED in the object as a result of stretching or compressing it

Kinetic energy

ENERGY possessed by a moving object

Power

RATE at which work is done or energy is changed and transferred

Efficiency

ABILITY of an electrical appliance to transform energy from one form to another

without producing useless energy or wastage

Elasticity

PROPERTY of an object that enables it to return to its original shape and dimensions
after an applied force is removed

Spring constant

FORCE needed to extend a spring per unit length

MAXIMUM STRETCHING FORCE which can be applied to an elastic material before

Elastic limit

it ceases to be elastic

PRINCIPLE

Hookes Law
Principle
energy

of

Hookes law states that the force, F applied to a spring is directly proportional to the
conservation

of

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Distance

Displacement

Tingkatan 5: Tokoh-tokoh

springs extension or compression, x, provided the elastic limit is not exceeded

Principle of conservation of energy states that total energy in an isolated system is

neither increased nor decreased by any transformation. Energy cannot be created nor

destroyed, but it can be transformed from one kind to another, and the total amount

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Principle

momentum

of

stays the same.

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conservation of The principle of conservation of momentum states that, in any collision or interaction
between two or more objects in an isolated system, the total momentum of the

system will remain constant; that is, the total initial momentum will equal the total
final momentum.

Newtons first law of motion

Newtons first law of motion states that a body will either remain at rest or continue
with constant velocity unless it is acted on by an external unbalanced force.

Newtons second law of motion

Newtons second law of motion states that the acceleration a body experiences is

directly proportional to the net force acting on it, and inversely proportional to its
mass.

F =ma

Newtons third law of motion

Newtons third law of motion states that to every action there is an equal but
opposite reaction.

CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE

Pressure

Gas pressure

FORCE per unit area exerted by the gas particles as they collide with the walls of their
container (due to the rate of change of momentum)

Buoyant force

NET FORCE acting upwards due to the difference between the forces acting on the
upper surface and the lower surface

PRINCILPE

Law of Flotation

Law of floatation states that the weight of an object floating on the surface of a liquid

is equal to the weight of water displaced by the object.(weight of object = weight of

water displaced)

Pascals Principle

Pascals principle states that a pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted

uniformly in all directions throughout the fluid.

Archimedes principle

Archimedes principle states that the buoyant force on a body immersed in a fluid is

equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that object(buoyant force = weight of
water displaced)

Bernoullis principle

Bernoullis principle states that the pressure of a moving fluid decreases as the speed
of the fluid increases, and the converse is also true

CHAPTER 4: HEAT
Temperature

DEGREE of hotness of an object

Thermometric property

PHYSICAL PROPERTY of a substance which is sensitive to and varies linearly with

the temperature change

Thermal equilibrium

A STATE when heat transfer between the two objects are equal and the net rate of
heat transfer between the two objects are zero

Heat capacity

HEAT ENERGY required to raise its temperature by 1C or 1 K

Specific heat capacity

HEAT ENERGY required to produce 1C or 1 K rise in temperature in a mass of 1 kg.

Latent heat

HEAT ABSORBED OR RELEASED when a substance changes its state without a

change in temperature is called the latent heat of the substance.

Specific latent heat of fusion

Specific

latent

vapourisation

PRINCIPLE

Boyles Law
Pressure Law

FORCE acting normally on a unit surface area

heat

HEAT ENERGY required to change 1 kg of a substance from solid state to liquid state,
of

without a change in temperature

HEAT ENERGY required to change 1 kg of a substance from liquid state to gaseous

state, without a change in temperature

Boyles Law states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to
its volume provided the temperature of the gas is kept constant(PV = k)

The pressure law states that the pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly
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Charles Law

proportional to its absolute temperature (in Kelvin), provided the volume of the gas is
kept constant(P/T = k)

Charles law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its

absolute temperature (in Kelvin), provided the pressure of the gas is kept constant
(V/T = k)

CHAPTER 5: LIGHT
Refraction

PHENOMENON where the direction of light is changed when it crosses the boundary
between two materials of different optical densities as a result of a change in the
velocity of light.

Apparent depth, d

DISTANCE of the image from the surface of water (or the boundary between the two
mediums involved)

DISTANCE of the object from the surface of the water (or the boundary between the

Real depth, D

Total internal reflection

Critical angle

two mediums involved)

TOTAL REFLECTION of a beam of light at the boundary of two mediums, when the
angle of incidence in the optically denser medium exceeds a specific critical angle

GREATEST ANGLE OF INCIDENCE in the optically denser medium for which the
angle of refraction, r = 90

Power of lens

MEASURE OF ITS ABILITY to converge or diverge an incident beam of light

PRINCIPLE

Laws of Reflection

the angle of incidence, i, is equal to the angle of reflection, r (i = r)

Law of Refraction

The incident ray and the refracted ray are on the opposite sides of the normal at the

the incident ray, normal and reflected ray will all lie in the same plane

point of incidence, all three lie in the same plane

Obey Snells law

Snells Law

The value of sin i / sin r is a constant.

IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS

Virtual - an image which cannot be projected (focused) onto a screen

Real - an image which can be projected (focused) onto a screen

Laterally inverted - an image which left and right are interchanged

Upright - an image which in vertical position

Diminished - image formed is smaller than the object

Magnified - image formed is larger than the object

Dikongsi kembali

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3 COMMENT
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Anonymous

6 June 2015 at 10:19

Perkongsian ini sangat bagus.... tq

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AMIR KHALIS

26 October 2015 at 01:36

youre welcome :)
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