AIM

To determine the melting and freezing points of naphthalene

APPARATUS
retort stand

Boiling tube, 250 cm beaker, stirring thermometer, tripod stand,

and clamp, Bunsen burner, stopwatch, conical flask, wire gauze.

MATERIAL
METHOD

Naphthalene, C H , tap water.

A. HEATING OF NAPHTHALENE
1. Filled a boiling tube with naphthalene, C H to a depth of 3 cm and
put a thermometer into it.
2. Suspended the boiling tube in a beaker half-filled with water using
a retort stand and a clamp. Ensure that the level of naphthalene,
C H in the boiling tube is below the level of water in the beaker.
3. Heated the water and stirred the naphthalene, C H slowly with
the thermometer. When the temperature of naphthalene, C H
reached 60 C, started the stopwatch.
4. Recorded the temperature and state of naphthalene , C H at halfminute intervals until the temperature of naphthalene, C H
reached 90 C.
B. COOLING OF NAPHTHALENE
1. Removed the boiling tube in activity A from the water bath. Dry
the outer surface of the boiling tube and immediately putted it
into a conical flask.
2. Recorded the temperature and state of naphthalene, C H at halfminute intervals until the temperature drops to about 60 C.

RESULT
Time (min)
Temperature (
C)
State

A. HEATING OF NAPHTHALENE
0.
0
60

0.
5
65

1.
0
68

1.
5
74

2.
0
77

2.
5
78

3.
0
80

3.
5
80

4.
0
80

4.
5
82

5.
0
83

5.
5
84

6.
0
85

6.
5
87

7.
0
90

S
+L

4.
5

5.
0
77

5.
5
74

6.
0
68

6.
5
65

7.
0
60

B. COOLING OF NAPHTHALENE
Time (min)
Temperature (
C)
State

0.
0
90

0.
5
87

1.
0
85

1.
5
84

2.
0
83

2.
5
82

3.
0
80

3.
5
80

4.
0
80

78

L+
S

Inference
The temperature

The flat section in each group indicates a change of state.

remains constant as the heat energy is used to state the

change of naphthalene.
Discussion

1. Why was a water bath used to heat the naphthalene, C H ?

To ensure that naphthalene, C H is heated evently.
2. During the cooling of naphthalene, C H , explain why
a) the boiling tube must be placed in a conical flask
To ensure an even cooling.
b) naphthalene, C H must be stirred continuously
To avoid supercooling.
3. From the graph, deduce the melting and freezing point of

naphthalene, C H .
80 C
4. Explain why the temperature remains constant for some
time in both heating
and cooling curves.
Because the heat is used to change the state of
naphthalene.
Conclusion
same.

The melting and freezing point of naphthalene are the