Bi vit d thi: Cuc thi Vn dng kin thc lin mn

gii quyt cc tnh hung thc tin dnh cho hc sinh trung hc
- S Gio dc v o to tnh Bc Giang
- Phng Gio dc v o to: Thnh ph Bc Giang
- Trng THCS Hong Vn Th
- a ch: Khu dn c Cng Ngc - Bn xe - Phng Th Xng
- Thnh ph Bc Giang - Tnh Bc Giang
- in thoi: 02406.509.689
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- Thng tin v nhm th sinh:
1. H v tn: V Hong Trang
Ngy sinh: 21/2/2001

Lp: 9A2

2. H v tn: Trn Th T Oanh

Ngy sinh: 13/2/2001

Lp: 9A2

1. Tn tnh hung: TIT KIM IN V TNG LAI

2. Mc tiu gii quyt tnh hung

Nc ta c nh gi l c tim nng v sn xut in, tuy nhin, chng ta

ang phi i u vi tnh trng thiu in trm trng, phi nhp khu in t nc
ngoi, ct in thng xuyn, nhiu ni ch c pht in 3 n 4 gi mt ngy
V vy, chng ta cn phi s dng hp l, hiu qu v tit kim in nhiu nht c
th hn ch tnh trng thiu in nh hin nay.
Tit kim in chnh l tit kim tin cho bn thn, gia nh, t nc v cho
ton th gii. N gp phn tit kim nhng lng in tiu hao khng cn thit v
hn ch phn no s thiu in ti khu vc bn sinh sng. Bn cnh , tit kim
in cn gp phn bo v, gn gi ngun ti nguyn v gi ca t nc, v cuc
sng ca chnh chng ta, ca th h tng lai, con chu mai sau.
3. Tng quan v cc nghin cu lin quan n vic gii quyt tnh hung

a) Tng quan
Nh chng ta bit: in nng - Ngun ti nguyn v gi ca t nc ang
b s dng mt cch lng ph! Nhu cu s dng in sinh hot ca con ngi ngy
cng tng cao, hn th na, trong iu kin chng ta cn kh khn v thiu ngun
in, ngi tiu dng cng cn phi hiu r, nng lng in d c sn xut
bng hnh thc no th cng c tr lng nht nh v cn c s dng tit kim,
hp l.
Chng ta qu xng du nh mu ca c th th cng phi bit qu v tit kim
tng w/h in nh th. Hy hn ch dng cc thit b in cng sut ln vo cc
gi cao im; cc gia nh, c quan, n v, trng hc nn tng cng s dng
cc ngun nng lng t t nhin; tt cc thit b dng in khi khng s dng, ch
s dng khi tht s cn thit s l nhng gii php tit kim in hu ch
nhm gim chi ph cho mi gia nh, mi tp th v gp phn gi gn ngun ti
nguyn qu gi ca t nc.
Trc nhng din bin tht thng ca thi tit, bi ton v in nng ang lm
au u ngnh nng lng Vit Nam. Do vic tm li gii cho bi ton tit kim
in nng khng th l trch nhim ca ring Chnh ph v nhng nh chc trch m
cn l trch nhim ca ton x hi.
Thiu in gy nh hng n mi mt ca i sng, kinh t, x hi, Tuy nhin
gii tr chng ta vn cn m h, cha thy c nhng hu qu to ln ca n. V vy,
nhiu bn cha c thc tit kim in, k c nhng hnh ng nh nht trong sinh
hot hang ngy ca mnh. Qua y, chng ta hy cng nhau, cng mi ngnh ngh, c
2

quan, t chc , n vtrong c nc hy cng vo cuc, bng mi cch hy s dng

tit kim v hp l in nng nhanh chng ha gii c bi ton au u ny. V
sao phi tit kim in nng? Cu tr li lun l: Tit kim in v tng lai v
cuc sng ca chnh chng ta .
b) Cc kin thc lin quan n tnh hung t ra.
Bng nhng kin thc ca cc mn hc nh Ton hc, Vt l, Cng ngh,
GDCD, Tin hc, Ng vn, M thut v kin thc thc t kt hp vi vic tm hiu
trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng. Qua thuyt trnh, hng bin cho
mi ngi v c bit l cc bn hc sinh thy c nhng hu qu ca vic s
dng in lng ph. Mc ch l lm r c li ch ca vic tit kim in ton
th cng ng cng nhau ch ng s dng hp l in nng nhm nng cao cht
lng cuc sng.
4. Gii php gii quyt tnh hung:
4.1. Gii php 1: Thng k nhng nh hng do thiu in, mt in gy nn
- Tham kho qua bo ch, cc phng tin thng tin i chng kt hp vi k
nng mn Tin hc, kin thc mn Ng vn:
a ra nhng hnh nh v nhng s kin do thiu in, mt in nh hng n
cuc sng ca con ngi, n nn kinh t-x hi ca c mt t nc cc bn
nhn bit v thy c nhng thit hi ngay trc mt m nguyn nhn chnh mt
phn l do thc s dng in ca mi chng ta.
4.2. Gii php 2: Phn tch cho cc bn thy c in nng l g? Do u m
c? Nng lng in c ng dng trong i sng nh th no? Nhng hu
qu ca vic s dng in lng ph, thiu thc tit kim
- Vn dng kin thc Vt l, Cng ngh thuyt trnh v in nng, vai tr ca
in nng, ngha to ln ca ngun in i vi mi mt ca i sng con ngi
4.3. Gii php 3: Phn tch nhng nguyn nhn gy thiu in.
a ra nhng nguyn nhn gy thiu in, mt in ko di
4.4. Gii php 4: V sao chng ta phi tit kim in? Nhng gii php, nh
hng v mc tiu trong tng lai
Nu chng ta tit kim v s dng hp l c ngun nng lng in
trong nc th chng ta s c in dng, gip ci thin cuc sng ca chnh
chng ta v cn c th bo v mi trng m chng ta ang sng. Qua chng
ta cn nhng gii php v nh hng c th.
3

- Vn dng kin thc mn Gio dc cng dn gio dc hc sinh v thc

tit kim in kt hp vi bo v mi trng.
- Vn dng kin thc, k nng mn m thut hc sinh v tranh tuyn
truyn, c ng v vic tit kim in.
- Vn dng kin thc Ton hc, tin hc a ra nhng con s thng k v
nhng hnh nh minh chng cho mc tiu ca bi thuyt trnh l ku gi v thc
tnh mi ngi hy chung tay tit kim in.
- Vn dng kin thc mn ng vn lp lun trnh by kin trong bi
thuyt trnh.
4.5. Gii php 5: Gii php thc hin t hc sinh
Ku gi cc bn c nhng hnh ng thit thc v a ra nhng gii php
thc hin ca bn thn gim tnh trng thiu in v mt in nh hin nay.
5. Thuyt minh tin trnh gii quyt tnh hung (vn dng kin thc cc mn
Ng vn, Vt l, Cng ngh, Ton hc, GDCD, Tin hc)
5.1. Tng quan
Chiu mt s hnh nh cho thy cuc sng kinh t, x hi, mi trng
sng... ca con ngi b nh hng nh th no do mt in, thiu in gy nn
Vn dng nhng k nng v mn tin hc, kin thc mn ng vn kt hp tm
hiu trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng
Vic b ct in ng lot v lin tc ang khin cuc sng ca ngi dn t
thnh th n cc vng nng thn sng d, cht d; ip khc mt in c n
hn li ln trong nhng ngy h. Ngi dn ti nhiu tnh trong khong thi gian
hu nh c ngy u khng c in, nhiu hm n tn m khuya 22h, 23h c th
n 5h sng li tt. Qut nan, n du l nhng th ngi dn b i t lu, nay
li hin din trong cuc sng hng ngy.

n du v nn thay cho n in

Qut tay thay cho qut in hay iu ha mt lnh

Chc trong s cc bn hn s c ngi khng t ln phi tri qua tnh hung

nh th ny ng khng? Tnh trng thiu in dn n ct in-mt in qu tht
gy nh hng khng nh n i sng ca mi ngi, mi nh cng nh cng
ng x hi.

Qun hng vng khch

n tn hiu giao thng ngng hot ng gy n tc xe

Thiu in, mt in khng ch nh hng ti i sng sinh hot hng ngy

ca mi ngi, mi gia nh m cn e da kinh t Vit Nam. Cc ngnh cng
ngh cao hon ton t lit khi thiu in. in c cung cp n cng nh l mt
trong nhng yu t c quan tm nht i vi u t nc ngoi. Cc nh u t
nc ngoi cho rng thnh cng ca Vit Nam trong vic thu ht u t, tng
trng kinh t v to vic lm ang b e da bi nguy c thiu in. Do in l
yu t then cht ca sn xut, nhiu nc trn th gii khng cn tnh ton thit
hi do mt in theo n v gi m l n v pht.

Nhiu DN gp kh khn trong sn xut do thiu in - Thiu in l mt ri ro ln vi kinh t Vit Nam

Thit hi do thiu in: thng k khng k xit v l ni kh khng ca

ring ai! Cho n nay hin tng thiu in trn min Bc c y li, nhng
qua cc phn tch th thy hu qu li l khng h nh. Theo Ph Th tng
Hong Trung Hi, nguyn B trng B Cng nghip cho bit, vi mc thiu in
5

ln n 6-7 triu KWh nh ti cc tnh min Bc trong nhng thi gian va qua,
thit hi kinh t s vo khong 3-3,5 triu USD/ngy (khong hn 45 - 53 t ng).
Ngoi ra, vi tnh trng thiu in nh hin nay, ngun cung cu cn
xng th cc nh my in phi hot ng vi cng sut cao thm ch l ht cng
sut. M nh chng ta bit, trong qu trnh vn hnh cc nh my nhit in,
cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh rt nhiu: Mt lng ln kh CO2
c sinh ra trong qu trnh t nhin liu l kh to hiu ng nh knh, lm tng
nhit khng kh bn cu. Bi v kh c hi trong khi thi ra mi trng khng
kh s gy nhim, nh hng rt xu n mi trng sinh thi v sc kho con
ngi

Kh thi t cc nh my nhit in gy nhim mi trng, to hiu ng nh knh

Vi nhng thit hi v cng to ln c v kinh t-x hi-mi trng do thiu

in, mt in gy ra, chng ta hy chung tay cng c nc s dng in tht tit
kim, hp l, trnh lng ph gp phn gim thiu nhng tn tht ny.
5.2. Kin thc tch hp gii quyt vn
* Gii thiu v in nng, ngun gc, vai tr ca in nng thy c gi tr
ca ngun in i vi i sng con ngi
- Vn dng kin thc mn Cng ngh, Vt l thuyt trnh v cc ni dung: in
nng l g? T u chng ta c in dng trong mi hot ng ca i sng
con ngi? Vai tr ca in nng?
T th k XVIII, sau khi ch to c pin, acquy, my pht in, loi ngi
bit s dng in sn xut v phc v i sng.
Phn ln in nng c sn xut t my pht in v cc nh my in.
My pht in c ni vi tuabin. Chuyn ng quay ca tuabin dn n chuyn
ng quay ca my pht, to ra in. Tuabin c th c vn hnh qua hi nc,
nng lng nhit qua qu trnh t chy cc nhin liu ha thch (than, kh thin
6

nhin hay du m ti cc nh my nhit in) hay t phn ng ht nhn (trong cc

nh my in nguyn t) lm nc bc hi, di p sut cao lm quay tuabin hay
ti cc nh my thy in, nc t li vi th nng ln, nng lng dng chy ca
nc lm quay tuabin...

Nh my nhit in

Cng trnh thy in

in nng l nng lng cung cp bi dng in. N l cng c hc thc hin

bi in trng ln cc in tch di chuyn trong n. Nng lng sinh ra bi dng
in trong mt n v o thi gian l cng sut in c n v o l Kw/h. in m
chng ta ang dng nh, lp hc, cc nh my x nghip...c sn xut ra t
cc nh my in. Trong cc nh my in, cc dng nng lng nh nhit nng,
thy nng, nng lng nguyn t...c bin i thnh in nng.
Do vy, lng ph in l lng ph nng lng. Cc ngun nng lng hin
ang dn cn kit, li gy nhim trm trng n mi trng, gp phn lm bin
i kh hu ton cu. Vi mt quc gia, vic tit kim in s gp phn m bo an
ninh nng lng, gim thiu cc chi ph u t cho sn xut, phn phi in
Ngy nay in nng c s dng rng ri trong sn xut v i sng nh:
cng nghip, nng nghip, giao thng vn ti, y t, gio dc, vn ha th thao,
thng tin truyn thng, gia nh C th ni in nng l ngun ng lc, ngun
nng lng cho cc nh my, thit btrong sn xut v i sng x hi. Nh c
in nng, qu trnh sn xut c t ng ha v cuc sng ca con ngi c
y tin nghi, vn minh hin i hn.
* Phn tch nhng nguyn nhn gy thiu in, mt in v hu qu ca vic
s dng in nng mt cch lng ph, thiu tit kim.
- Vn dng kin thc Vt l, Ton hc kt hp tm hiu qua cc phng tin thng
tin i chng
Ngoi nhng nguyn nhn do khch quan mang li nh c cu thy in nhit in khng hp l, tn tht cao, tn ph rng u ngun, lon thy in
7

nh, khng c quy trnh vn hnh lin h cha, thiu phi hp ng b gia thy
in v nhit in, th nhu cu dng in phc v cho sinh hot cao l yu t
chnh gy mt cn i ca h thng in trong gi cao im, nh hng xu n
hiu qu u t h thng in.
Tuy nhin nguyn nhn gy thiu in, mt in m chng ta mun cp
n trong bi vit ny l do s dng lng ph in nng! Theo tnh ton, mc
lng ph in nng ca Vit Nam cao gp 1,5 - 6 ln so vi th gii, cn theo tng
hp ca B Cng Thng cho thy mc lng ph in ca ta rt cao, t 10 - 50%.
Hin tng lng ph trong s dng in c th bt gp bt c u, t h gia
nh cho n cc c quan v doanh nghip

V t lng ph-mt rng bng in c thp sng gia ban ngy

Rt nhiu bng in c thp sng trong khi nh sng t nhin trn ngp c khng gian

Mi ngi, mi nh u s dng v cn in! Nhng ti ni lm vic v c

trong tng gia nh, vic s dng in vn rt lng ph. Trung tm Tit kim Nng
lng TP. HCM thc hin o th cng sut tiu th in cc vn phng, gia
nh qua nu ra s lng ph:

- My photocopy, c cng sut nh mc 1000W: ch khi ng tiu th

923 W (8s); ch photo: 1,230 W; ch ch: 29.5 W; ch tit kim (nhn
energy saver): 26.7W; Nu tt cng tc m khng rt phch cm khi cm: hao
6.5W. Rt phch cm khi cm: 0W
8

- My Scan, nu ch scan, cng sut s l 12.5W; Ch ch: 8.7W;

Tt cng tc: 0W.
- My in: Ch in: 450W; Ch ch: 5.7 W; Tt cng tc: 0 W.
- My fax: Ch ch: 5.7W; Tt cng tc: 0 W.
- My tnh bn: mn hnh CRT 14: Ch khi ng: 100W; Ch ang
lm vic: 110W; Ch ch, khng lm vic: 104.5W; Ch Screnn sever:
101W; Tt mn hnh bng tay trong lc ch: 63.8 W; Tt mn hnh t ng (turn
off monitor): 60.9W; Ch standby: 34.4W; Ch hibernates: 5.7W; Shut down
my: 5.6W;
Tng cng ty in lc H Ni thng k :

Nu tt iu ho 12.000BTU sm hn thng l 1h th bn tit kim c

21kWh/thng; Nu bt/tt mt chic qut 40W 5h/ngy vi tc cao nht, bn
phi tr thm khong 2kWh/thng nu so snh qut chy mc thp nht; S
dng mt chic bn l 750kW 10h/tun th s in bn phi tr l 30kWh/thng;
Bt m radio trong 3h bn mt 1,35kWh/thng; Dng my tnh c mn hnh 17
inch 120W 20h/tun th s in bn phi tr l 9,5kWh/thng; Bt/tt TiVi 21 inch
c cng sut 220W trong 4h/ngy v tt n bng iu khin t xa th in nng tiu
hao l 5,4kWh/thng
Vi nhng con s bit ni nh trn ta c th d dng thy c vic lng ph
in nh hin nay s gy nh hng nghim trng ti ti tin ca mi gia nh, n
nn kinh t t nc v cng lm tng nguy c thiu in buc phi nhp khu
in t nc ngoi gy tn hi nng n n ngn sch quc gia
* V sao phi tit kim in? Nhng gii php, nh hng v mc tiu trong
tng lai
V sao phi tit kim in
- Vn dng kin thc mn GDCD kt hp nhng kin thc thc t v tm
hiu qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng
Vic tit kim mi kWh in trong cc gi cao im s lm li cho t nc
t 600 n 1.000 USD do khng phi u t xy dng nhng nh my in mi.
Nu tnh tng cng sut in ca Vit Nam hin nay vo khong 30.000 MW, ch
cn tit kim c 1% in nng/nm th tng ng vi vic u t mt nh
my in cng sut 300 MW. Tnh bnh qun chi ph u t 1 MW in l 1 triu
USD th s tin tit kim tng ng 300 triu USD. Nh vy c th ni vic tit
kim in cng nhiu th hiu qu cng ln.

Tit kim in khng ch gip gim chi tiu hng thng, m cn c nhng
li ch to ln khc. Tit kim in lun c coi l mt gii php em li hiu qu
cao, nht l trong hon cnh ngun cung cn thiu. Cc nghin cu ch ra rng
1kWh in tit kim khc vi 1kWh sn xut ch n khng gy nhim mi
trng, gim tn hao do truyn ti v phn phi in.
Ngun cung cp in lun thiu v l vn kh khn i vi bt c quc
gia no. Hu ht nng lng by gi c to ra t cc ngun ti nguyn thin
nhin. V d nh in th c to ra t nc, than, du, kh.....V vy nu khng
tit kim nng lng th dn n vic cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin s b cn
kit nhanh chng.
S cn kit dn ngun nng lng ca tri t t ra nhiu thch thc i
vi mi chng ta. Cuc khng hong nng lng ang tr nn ht sc cp bch,
khng ch e da n tng trng kinh t th gii, m cn e da trc tip ho
bnh, an ninh quc t. Ngun nng lng ho thch, mn qu cc k qu bu ca
thin nhin ban tng con ngi ang cn kit. Nng lng ch c hn, nhu cu v
nng lng ngy cng ln, nu ko s dng tit kim v nghin cu cc gii php
nng lng mi, th khng hong nng lng s xy ra.
Nhng gii php tit kim in v hiu qu ca n.

- Vn dng kin thc mn Ton hc, Vt l, Tin hc, Cng ngh, GDCD, Vn
hc, M thut kt hp vi nhng hiu bit t thc t ca bn thn, tm hiu qua
cc phng tin thng tin i chng
Hin th gii ang ng trc hai nguy c ln, l thiu ht nng lng v
bin i kh hu ton cu do s dng nng lng ha thch qu mc. Trong ,
Vit Nam c d bo l mt trong nhng quc gia chu nh hng nhiu nht do
hu qu ca bin i kh hu.
Theo c quan nng lng quc t, nu th gii tip tc gi mc tiu th nh
hin nay th nhu cu nng lng s tng 30% vo nm 2030. Ring Vit Nam do
tnh trng thiu ht in ko di lm nh hng n mi mt ca i sng kinh t
x hi, vi tc gia tng v nhu cu cng tnh trng s dng in cn lng ph
nh hin nay th vic thiu in l kh trnh khi trong tng lai.
Nhiu ngi vn c suy ngh tt i mt bng n, mt tm bin qung co hay
chic qut cng chng tit kim c bao nhiu. Tuy nhin, theo cc tnh ton, ch
cn tt mt bng n, rt cc thit b in khi khng s dng, hay dng cc thit b
trong gia nh ng cch c th tit kim in t 10-15% hng thng.

10

 m bo cung cp in n nh cho sn xut, kinh doanh v nhu cu sinh

hot thit yu ca nhn dn, tng cng s dng in tit kim v hiu qu, Th
tng Chnh ph yu cu cn thc hin nghim vic tit kim in, c bit l
trong cc thng ma kh (t ngy 01 thng 01 n ngy 30 thng 6 hng nm). Vi
nhng i tng s dng in nh: cc doanh nghip; c s kinh doanh; c quancng s hay cc h gia nhth tit kim in lun l vic lm cn thit v cng
cn thc hin tt cc bin php sau y:
a) La chn thit b tit kim in.
Cc thit b in, th h cng mi th kh nng tit kim in cng cao. Khi
chn la thit b in quay (bm nc, qut in, my git...), bn nn chn ng
c c nhiu nc tc hoc c bin tn i km tit kim in. Vi bng n,
bn nn s dng n tup gy v compact thay cho bng n trn, v bng n trn
khi lm vic c hiu sut pht quang v tui th thp, do tiu th in gp 3-4
ln

Khng s dng bng n trn m thay th bng n tup hoc n compact tit kim in hn

Bn cnh , bn c th s dng cc thit b c dn nhn tit kim nng

lng hay nhng ngun nng lng t nhin nh bnh un nc nng bng nng
lng mt tri, pin nng lng mt tri, hn ch s dng ngun in nng.

Bnh nc nng nng lng mt tri

H thng pin nng lng mt tri

b) Lp t thit b hp l, khoa hc
Bin php ny cng gp phn tit kim in rt ln. V d my bm t v
tr thch hp s gip b nc ca bn nhanh y hn. Trong nh hay trong phng
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lm vic nn qut vi hoc ln tng bng mu sng, tn dng ti a nh sng v

thng gi t nhin tit kim mt phn nng in nng tiu th

Tn dng nh sng t nhin vo ban ngy l mt trong nhng gii php nhm tit kim in trong gia nh

Bn nn lp t qut trn, v khi qut trn hot ng, s ph gi xung sn,

gi t di sn s lan ta ra xung quanh, p vo tng v ta ra khp phng, mt
v tit kim hn so vi qut cy.
c) Hn ch s dng cc thit b tiu th in ln nh bn l, iu ha nhit , bnh
nng lnh,trong nhng gi cao im.
d) iu chnh thi quen s dng in trong gia nh: Bn nn c k hng
dn s dng trc khi dng i vi: Ni cm in, t lnh, tivi, iu ha nhit
, qut, my tnh, bn l, my git, chng khng nhng s gip bn cch s
dng sao cho ng, an ton, hiu qu m cn c th gip bn tit kim in hn

12

V trn ht khng th khng lun nhc nh nhau: Tt! Khi khng s dng,
hy s dng in tit kim nh l mt thi quen cn thit.

Chung tay tit kim in bo v mi trng

13

Chng ta cn nng cao thc tit kim in, s dng in an ton, hiu qu.
cng l cch nhm gim thiu kh thi nhim mi trng, gp phn bo v
mi trng sng ca chng ta. Tit kim l bit s dng mt cch hp l, ng
mc, khng phung ph ca ci vt cht, thi gian, sc lc ca mnh v ca ngi
khc.

Cng nhau tt n bt tng lai

Hng ngn ngn nn c thp sng hng ng chng trnh tt in v tri t

Vi thng ip ca nm 2015 l: tit kim nng lng, ng ph bin i

kh hu, chin dch Gi Tri t nm 2015 din ra vo lc 20h30 n 21h30
ti ngy 28/3 va qua. y l hot ng thit thc tit kim in nng, gim kh
thi ioxit cacbon, mt kh gy ra hiu ng nh knh, nng cao thc ngi dn
trong vic bo v mi trng v chng li bin i kh hu.
Theo thng k t Trung tm iu H thng in Quc gia, tng s in
nng tit kim c ti l tt n ngy 22/3 ti H Ni v ngy 28/3 ti cc tnh,
thnh ph trn c nc l 520.000 kWh tng ng tit kim c khong 850
triu ng.
Mt kt qu ng ghi nhn t chng trnh thc hin tit kim in trong
cc nm Vit Nam hng ng chin dch Gi Tri t nh sau:

14

Thi gian

Cng sut
gim c
(MW)

Sn lng
tit kim
(kWh)

S tin
tit kim
c
(Triu ng)

28/3/2009

140

140.000

126

27/3/2010

500

500.000

450

26/3/2011

400

400.000

500

31/3/2012

546

546.000

712

23/3/2013

401

401.000

576

29/3/2014

431

431.000

650

22/3/2015

241

241.000

400

28/3/2015

279

279.000

452.5

Tt c cc gii php trn u dng d thc hin, khng tn chi ph v c kh

nng tit kim lng ln in nng (ty thuc vo hin trng s dng).
Cng trong thi gian va qua, c rt nhiu hnh thc tuyn truyn, vn ng,
t chc cc cuc thi v s dng in tit kim, hiu qu, trnh lng ph
c ph bin n tng c quan, n v, tng h gia nh. C th nh chng trnh
thi ua cc c quan tit kim in, chng trnh thanh nin tuyn truyn tit kim
in n cc on th - trng hc, cuc thi gia nh tit kim in tiu biu,
Tng kt chng trnh thu c nhng kt qu kh kh quan bng thng k sau
y:

15

Tht vy, ch l nhng hnh ng ht sc nh b v n gin m hiu qu

t c li khng h nh. Sn lng in tit kim c nm sau cao hn nm
trc ko theo l s tin tit kim c cng tht ng ghi nhn. Nh vy, hiu
qa ca vic tit kim in l khng h nh, chng ta hy cng nhau c nhng
hnh ng thit thc gp phn vo cng cuc xy dng kinh t t nc, gi
vng an ninh nng lng

nh hng v mc tiu trong tng lai

- Vn dng nhng kin thc t mn M thut, Tin hc, Vt l, Ton hc cng
nhng hiu bit t thc t v tm hiu qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng
Trong thi gian qua, Vit Nam lun tp trung ch o u t pht trin ngun
v li in nhm m bo cung cp in cho cc mc tiu pht trin kinh t x
hi, m bo an ninh, quc phng ca t nc v p ng nhu cu in cho sinh
hot ca nhn dn. Tuy nhin, mt vi nm ti, nc ta c th s cn gp kh khn
trong vic bo m cung cp in trong ma kh, nht l khi gp hn hn ko di,
khng nc cho cc nh my thy in pht in. Trong khi , vic thc hin
tit kim in trong sn xut, kinh doanh v tiu dng cn cha c trit ; tit
kim in cha c s quan tm tht s ca cng ng x hi, ngi dn v cc
doanh nghip, gy lng ph ti nguyn ca t nc, nh hng xu n mi
trng. Mt khi bit c nhng hiu qu to ln ca vic tit kim v s dng
hp l in nng, mi ngi mi nh cn thm nhun nhng ch trng sau y:
1. in l dng nng lng ph bin, thit yu, ch li trong sn xut v sinh hot
gia nh, rt cn s dng mt cch tit kim v hiu qu. S dng in tit kim,
hiu qu gip mi ngi, gia nh, h sn xut t tr tin in hn nhng vn c
hng y cc li ch v s thoi mi khi s dng in.
2. Tit kim in l mt khoa hc: C rt nhiu cch thc trong nghin cu
ra nhng cch tit kim in hiu qu nh ch bt, m thit b in hot ng khi
cn s dng v tt khi khng s dng. Mt so snh n gin nh khi bui ti bn
quy qun cng gia nh ti phng khch th chng ta tt bt cc n chiu sng
nh bp, phng nghay khi ta m cc ca s v khng kh du mt th tt cc
qut in ang hot ng; hoc khng tt c thit b in (ng c) hot ng
ti a nh ban u khi gim nguyn liu a vo trong qu trnh sn xut; s
ch sn phm v.v
3. Tit kim in l mt thi quen: S dng in tit kim v hiu qu i khi rt
d thc hin nu bn quan tm, l t b thi quen m tt c cc n vo bui ti
v hnh thnh thi quen tt n, qut, my lnh cc thit b in khc khi ri khi
phng ng, phng lm vic
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4. Tit kim in l tit kim tin v s dng sn phm tit kim in: Mt cch s
dng in tit kim v hiu qu m mi ngi, mi gia nh, c s sn xut p
dng s tit kim c nhiu tin in song vn m bo tt nhu cu chiu sng
hoc gi mc sn phm to ra trong sn xut l lp t v s dng nhng thit
b tit kim in. Tit kim in khng ch thc hin khi c nhu cu s dng
in m cn l qu trnh mua sm v la chn thit b in t ban u trc khi s
dng l la chn nhng sn phm c chng nhn Energy Star (s dng cng
ngh tit kim in) hoc c dn nhn tit kim nng lng; Mt khc, cng vi
chnh thit b in nu chng ta s dng vo nhng gi bnh thng, gi thp
im th s tit kim in hn l s dng trong nhng gi cao im (t 17 gi n
20 gi hng ngy).
5. Xu hng tm ngun nng lng mi thn thin vi mi trng lun l vn
quan tm ca cc nh sn xut. iu ny khng ch gip tit kim chi ph, m cn
gip bo v mi trng, bo v ngun ti nguyn quc gia vn ang dn cn kit.
Mt c tnh nh trong chng trnh h tr my nc nng nng lng mt
tri ca tng cng ty in lc mt thnh ph cho thy, vi 30.000 my nc
nng nng lng mt tri, dung tch trung bnh 180 lt c a vo s dng s
gip tit gim khong 57 triu KWh in/nm, tng ng gim khong 4.900
tn TOE ( tn du quy i/nm), tng ng gim pht thi khong 23.500 tn
CO2 ra mi trng hng nm. V trong cng ngh chiu sng bng n led, ngi
tiu dng c th tit kim hn 80% chi ph so vi sn phm chiu sng thng
thng nh hin nay.
Mt khc, vi v tr a l, kh hu v cc hot ng nng nghip c th
khng nh, Vit Nam c ngun ti nguyn nng lng ti to kh di do v a
dng gm: thy in nh, nng lng gi, nng lng mt tri, sinh khi, nhin
liu sinh hc, a nhit

S dng nng lng xanh - sch v an ton

Ngn hng th gii cng c tnh Vit Nam c th pht trin in gi

trn din tch chim khong 8% din tch c nc (tng ng khong 102 nghn
17

MW); mi nm nc ta c khong 2000 - 2500 gi nng vi cng bc x

trung bnh khong 4,5KWh/m2/ngy tng ng vi tim nng khong 43,9 triu
tn du quy i mi nm. Nc ta cn l mt nc nng nghip, hng nm cc ph
thi sau thu hoch v sau ch bin to ra mt ngun nng lng sinh khi di
do, quy i ra du tng ng khong 43- 46 triu tn.
* Gii php t hc sinh:
Trong chng trnh mn Cng ngh lp 8 chng em cng c hc
hiu tit kim in l g, ti sao chng ta phi thc hin tit kim in v s dng
in nng nh th no va tit kim li va hiu qu
i vi hc sinh cp THCS th chng ta cn nm vng v thc hin tt cc
gii php thc hin tit kim in: Ra khi phng phi tt cc thit b s dng in
nh bng n, qut in, my tnh tham gia cng gia nh thc hin tit kim
in.

Tham gia tuyn truyn, c ng Tit kim in v li ch cng ng

Bng nhng hnh ng thit thc t bn thn kt hp cng vi vic tuyn

truyn vn ng cc bn khc cng lm theo, tham gia y cc bui ni chuyn
chuyn v tit kim in cc bn cng c th gp mt phn cng sc ca
mnh vo cng cuc tit kim chi tiu cho gia nh, cho t ncv trn ht l
bo v mi trng, bo v cuc sng ca chnh chng ta.

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Tham gia cc bui ni chuyn chuyn v thc hnh tit kim in

Ngoi ra cn c mt ngha na l chnh cc bn HS s l nhng tuyn

truyn vin xut sc mi ngi trong gia nh, bn b v x hi hiu r hn v
li ch to ln ca vic tit kim in. Hy cng nhau ghi nh v lun thc hin tt:
MT S KHU HIU HNH NG
1. Tit kim nng lng hm nay v th h mai sau.
2. Hn ch dng bng n dy tc trong chiu sng.
3. Tit kim in bo v mi trng.
4. Hy tt tt c cc thit b in khi khng s dng.
5. V li ch ca quc gia, v li ch ca mi gia nh, mi ngi hy tit kim
in.
6. S dng in, an ton v tit kim.

Tht vy, Tit kim in trong tm tay bn Bi ngay trong gia nh

bn, trong lp hc ca mnh hay bt c ni ubn u c th t thc thc
hin tt c nhng iu ny. Hy lun l ngi c thi v hnh ng s dng
in tit kim.
V d bn c th hn ch m t lnh tn in, nn cho qut quay tc
thch hp tit kim in, khng l qun o khi trong phng c bt my iu
ho nhit hoc khi qun o cn t, hy lun nh tt tt c cc thit b in nu
bn l ngi cui cng ra khi phng
5.3. ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong qu trnh thc hin.
ng dng cc kin thc xy dng bi trnh chiu power point c hc
di s hng dn ca gio vin dy tin hc, ln cc trang website tm nhng
hnh nh v t liu lin quan n bi thuyt trnh.
5.4. Cc hc liu c s dng trong qu trnh gii quyt vn
Sch gio khoa Vt l 9, Vt l 8, Cng ngh 8, Ng vn 9 v cc ti liu
v s dng in nng tit kim, hiu qu...
6. ngha ca vic gii quyt tnh hung
6.1. Thc tin hc tp
Nh cc bn bit, bn cnh nhng h gia nh tit kim in tiu biu,
nhng c nhn t gic thc hin tit kim in vi hiu qu cao th hin nay, ti a
phng cng nh trong trng hc ca chng ta, vic s dng in lng ph vn v
t din ra. Nh trng chng ta, mc d c BGH nh trng, thy Tng ph
trch v cc thy c nhc nh nhiu ln v thc tit kim in song gia ban
ngy vi nh sng chi chang cc bn vn bt c 8 chic bng n tup hay gia
19

ma ng gi rt cc bn u bt c qut trn v qut tng chy v v trong lp

hcV vy, em rt mong mun sau bi thuyt trnh ny s thc tnh c nhiu
bn hc sinh ng v t lng ph in nh cng nh trngBi mi hnh
ng ca chng ta d nh nhng cng mang li hiu qu ln. Hy chung tay
cng cng ng, x hi s dng in mt cch tit kim v hiu qu, trnh lng ph
cng nhau hng ti mt tng lai ti sng.
6.2. Thc tin i sng x hi
Tit kim nng lng ni chung v tit kim in ni ring lun lun l vn
hng u ca tt c cc quc gia v cn c coi trng hn i vi nhng nc
ngho. Trc y nu ta cha thc hin chng trnh ny th gi l lng ph v
tnh, by gi khi ta nhn ra hiu qu ca chng trnh nu khng lm s mt i
my chc nghn t, y l lng ph c tnh. Vn s dng hp l, hiu qu v tit
kim nng lng ni chung v tit kim in ni ring ngy cng c ngha to ln
trong vic bo tn ti nguyn quc gia, tit kim tin ca ca nhn dn v bo v
mi trng. y l vic lm cp thit trong hin ti cng nh lu di nc ta.
Mi c nhn, mi gia nh, c quan, trng hc, u phi c thc s dng
nng lng tit kim, hiu qu.
Bi vy, mi chng ta hy cng hnh ng t vic lm tng chng nh v
cng nh chng hn l tt bt mt bng nnhng cng em li tht nhiu li
ch. S dng in tit kim, hiu qu khng ch c ngha tit kim chi ph m
cn c ngha ln hn l gim thiu nhim mi trng, hn ch bin i kh
hu; gp phn vo s pht trin kinh t - x hi bn vng.
Trn y l nhng kin ca em cng chnh l thng ip m em mun gi
ti mi ngi, mi nh v c bit l cc bn hc sinh, chng ta hy cng nhau
hnh ng: TIT KIM IN V TNG LAI - V CUC SNG CA CHNH
CHNG TA.

BAN GIM HIU

Th Xng, ngy 15 thng 12 nm 2015

i din nhm hc sinh thc hin

V Hong Trang

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