StrangeLoop2012 EricBurke AndroidAppAnatomy

Android App Anatomy
Eric Burke
Square
@burke_eric
Thursday, November 22, 2012
Topics
Topics
Android lifecycle
Fragments
Open source
Tape
Otto
Dagger
ActionBarSherlock
Android Design on
every device.
Lifecycle
Install
Apps Run Forever
Uninstall
Process 1
Process 2
Apps Run Forever
Activity
Activity
Process 1
Activity
Process 2
Apps Run Forever
R.I.P.
Static Variables
Activity
Activity
Process 1
Activity
Process 2
Apps Run Forever
10
Kill your process
10
11
12
Tape
13
If you respect
users, persist tasks
to disk.
- Jesse Wilson
14
Dont Do This
15
Server
Client UI
Loader or
Thread
Image File
16
Do This
Pending
17
Tape
Server
Client UI
add()
TaskQueue
UploadTask
UploadTask
peek()
remove()
Service
18
Tape API
QueueFile
O(1) FIFO queue of byte[]
ObjectQueue
A queue of <T>
TaskQueue
Injects and starts tasks
19
Fragment Lifecycle
20
onCreate()
onSaveInstanceState()
Activity
Time
21
Tap the Upload Button
Activity
Time
22
Loader or Thread
Activity
Time
23
DialogFragment
beginTransaction()
Loader or Thread
Activity
Time
24
DialogFragment
commit()
Loader or Thread
Activity
onSaveInstanceState()
Time
25
Square does not* use Loaders.
26
Fragment Layout
27
28
Advantages
Smooth animations between steps
ActionBar does not move
Code organization
29
Onboarding
Fragment
Fragment
Fragment
Settings
Fragment
Fragment
Fragment
Payment Flow
Fragment
Fragment
Fragment
30
Fragment Activity
Communication
Containing
Activity
Fragment
implements
defines
Listener
Interface
http://developer.android.com/training/basics/fragments/communicating.html
31
Listener Interface
public class NewsFragment extends Fragment {
private Listener listener;
public interface Listener {
void onItemSelected(int position);
}
@Override public void onAttach(Activity a) {
super.onAttach(a);
listener = (Listener) a;
}
}
32
Activity
public class HomeActivity extends Activity
implements NewsFragment.Listener {
@Override
public void onItemSelected(int position) {
}
}
33
public class Onboarding extends Activity

implements AccountFragment.Listener,
ActivateFragment.Listener,
ShippingFragment.Listener,
BankFragment.Listener,
etc...
{
// The god object...
}
34
Fragment
Fragment
Fragment
Activity
Fragment
Fragment
Fragment
How can Fragments communicate without

tight Activity coupling?
35
Publish
Subscribe
Fragment
Fragment
Fragment
Service
Bus
Fragment
Activity
36
LocalBroadcastManager
Included in Android Support library
Publishes Intents within your
process
37
Publishing
Intent intent = new Intent(
BroadcastIds.LOCATION_UPDATED_ACTION);
intent.putExtra(
BroadcastIds.CURRENT_LOCATION_KEY,
getCurrentLocation());
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(
getActivity()).sendBroadcast(intent);
38
Publishing
intent.putExtra(
39
Publishing
intent.putExtra(
40
Subscribing
BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override public void onReceive(
Context context, Intent intent) {
Location location =
(Location) intent.getParcelableExtra(
BroadcastIds.CURRENT_LOCATION_KEY);
showLocation(location);
}
};
41
Subscribing
IntentFilter locationFilter = new IntentFilter(
@Override public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(getActivity())
.registerReceiver(receiver, locationFilter);
}
@Override public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(getActivity())
.unregisterReceiver(receiver);
}
42
Boilerplate.
No type safety.
Hard to test.
43
Otto
44
Registration
public class BaseFragment extends Fragment {
@Inject Bus bus;
super.onResume();
bus.register(this);
}
super.onPause();
bus.unregister(this);
}
}
45
Registration
@Inject Bus bus;
super.onResume();
bus.register(this);
}

super.onPause();
bus.unregister(this);
}
Fails fast at
runtime.
46
Subscribing
@Subscribe
public void onLocationUpdated(Location l) {
showLocation(l);
}
Receives any type

extending Location.
47
Publishing
bus.post(getCurrentLocation());
Synchronous
delivery.
48
@Produce
(getting data the first time)
49
How to get
this image?
50
Downloader
post(UserImage)
Bus
UserImageCache
51
Subscribing
public class AccountActivity
extends BaseActivity {
@Subscribe public void onUserImageUpdated(
UserImage image) {
((ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image))
.setImageBitmap(image.getBitmap());
}
52
get()
done()
onResume()
Downloader
onPause()
Activity
UserImageCache
53
Producers
@Singleton public class UserImageCache {
@Produce
public UserImage produceUserImage() {
return cachedUserImage;
}
54
Activity
@Subscribe
Bus
@Produce
UserImageCache
55
@Produce decouples
threads from the Activity
and Fragment lifecycle.
56
Otto API Summary

register(), unregister(), post()
@Subscribe, @Produce
Thread confinement
Easy to test!
57
Origins of Otto
Forked from Guavas EventBus
Optimized for Android - 16k!
Less reflection; more caching
58
Dependency
Injection
59
Guice on Android?
Weve used it for 2+ years
Startup performance is a challenge
Runtime error checking
See also: RoboGuice
60
Can we do better?
61
Dagger
62
What is Dagger?
63
What is Dagger?
Compile-time
dependency injection.
63
@Inject
import javax.inject.Inject; // JSR-330

public class PublishFragment
extends BaseFragment {
@Inject Bus bus;
@Inject LocationManager locationManager;
64
Constructor Injection
public class AccountUpdater {

private final Bus bus;
private final AccountService accounts;
@Inject public AccountUpdater(Bus bus,
AccountService accounts) {
this.bus = bus;
this.accounts = accounts;
}
}
65
Module
@Module(
entryPoints = {
HomeActivity.class,
PublishFragment.class,
SubscribeFragment.class
}
)
public class ExampleModule {
@Provides @Singleton Bus provideBus() {
return new Bus();
}
}
66
Module
@Module(
entryPoints = {
HomeActivity.class,
PublishFragment.class,
SubscribeFragment.class
}
)
public class ExampleModule {
@Provides @Singleton Bus provideBus() {
return new Bus();
}
}
67
Missing Provider
Method?
No injectable members on com.squareup.otto.Bus.
Do you want to add an injectable constructor?
required by com.squareup.anatomy.PublishFragment
for com.squareup.anatomy.ExampleModule
68
Bootstrapping
public class ExampleApp extends Application {

private ObjectGraph objectGraph;
@Override public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
objectGraph = ObjectGraph.get(
new ExampleModule(this));
}
public ObjectGraph objectGraph() {
return objectGraph;
}
}
69
Bootstrapping

super.onCreate();
}
return objectGraph;
}
}
70
Bootstrapping

super.onCreate();
}
return objectGraph;
}
}
71
Bootstrapping

super.onCreate();
}
return objectGraph;
}
}
72

Fragment
ExampleApp
(ObjectGraph)
BaseFragment
NameFragment
AddressFragment
73
Fragment Injection

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle state) {
super.onCreate(state);
((ExampleApp) getActivity()
.getApplication())
.objectGraph().inject(this);
}
}
74
Fragment Injection

@Override
.getApplication())
}
}
75
Fragment Injection

@Override
.getApplication())
}
}
76
Dagger Limitations
No final and private field injection
No method injection
No scopes
@Assisted
77
Dagger Features
Compile time injection
Very little magic
ber fast
78
The End.
Tape square.github.com/tape/
Otto square.github.com/otto/
ActionBarSherlock actionbarsherlock.com
Dagger github.com/square/dagger
79

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Android App Anatomy

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Thursday, November 22, 2012

Thursday, November 22, 2012

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Thursday, November 22, 2012

Thursday, November 22, 2012

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Thursday, November 22, 2012

Apps Run Forever

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Apps Run Forever

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Apps Run Forever

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Kill your process

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Tap the Upload Button

Square does not* use Loaders.

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public class Onboarding extends Activity

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How can Fragments communicate without

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