METHOD: 3

SEISMIC ANALYSIS USING REFERENCE LOAD METHOD

Reference Loads is a powerful tool in STAAD.Pro that expands users options
for setting up load cases and improves their overall efficiency. Reference
Loads are useful because they are not explicitly solved during the analysis,
but rather exist only as building blocks to be included in creating primary
load cases. In this sense one can think of Reference Loads as load
definitions.
They are particularly helpful for large models, which often contain many load
cases that do not require analysis in their own right, including seismic, wind,
or live load acting alone. Users can create multiple reference loads and then
have STAAD.Pro solve only a limited number of real load cases. By limiting
the loads examined, the user can significantly reduce the time required for
analysis.
Reference Loads are defined in the General Load & Definitions page of the
Modeling Mode, which can be accessed by clicking the appropriate tabs on
the left-hand side of the screen (circled in Figure 1):

Figure 1

In the Definitions section, the Reference Loads are listed as follows:

To add a new Reference Load case, select "Reference Load Definitions" in the
Load & Definition dialog box and click Add. Inputting the title for the

Reference Load case and the number is done in the same manner as when
creating primary load cases.
Once a Reference Load case has been created, follow these steps to input
load items. This process, too, is exactly the same as for primary load cases:

2.

Select a Reference Load to highlight it,

Click Add to open the Add New Reference Load Items dialog box,

3.

Define the load items, selecting from the list of loads on the left,

4.

Assign the load item to the appropriate entities (nodes/members/etc.)

in the model.

1.

At this point the Reference Load definition is complete. The next step is to
include the Reference Loads in primary load cases, as follows:
(i)
(ii)

Select a primary load case and click Add,

Click the load item Repeat Load Reference Load.

(iii)

Select the required defined Reference Load cases and click [>] to
include them in the current primary load case. Clicking [>>] will
include all defined Reference Load cases. You can add appropriate
combination factors for each reference load.

The format of the definition of a Reference Load (i) in the data file is as
follows:
DEFINE REFERENCE LOADS
LOAD R(i) LOADTYPE (type) TITLE REF LOAD CASE 1
(Load items)
....
END DEFINE REFERENCE LOADS
The format of a reference to a Reference Load in a primary load (j) case is as
follows:
LOAD (j) LOADTYPE (type) TITLE LOAD CASE 1
REFERENCE LOAD
R(i) 1.0
Reference Loads are very helpful when creating a seismic load definition.
Consider, for example, a situation in which the dead loads have been defined
as Reference Loads. Instead of manually inputting the dead loads a second
time in the seismic definition, you can simply refer to the Reference Load
case, which is listed in the seismic definition dialog box as seen below.

SEISMIC ANALYSIS USING REFERENCE LOAD METHOD

STEPS INVOLVED:

1. Geometry Creation
2.Giving Member Property
3.Specifying Support Condition
4. Loads

(i) Defining Seismic Parameters

(ii) Defining Reference Loads
(iii) Giving Reference Load Combinations & Load list

5.Specifying Analysis Type

6.Post Analysis Print
7.Design Commands
8.Analysis.
Data :
Building size : 15m x 15m
Height : 33m
Concrete Mix M30 Steel Fe415
Loads: LL =1.50 KN/m2 (For Roof slab) 2.0KN/m2 (For floor slab)
Member sizes : Beam 300 x 450mm; Column 300x 450mm
Slab thickness: 120mm.
Soil type: medium. Zone :III Importance factor=1.50

15.00

BEAMS ARE OF SIZE 0.3 X 0.45

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

15.00

COLUMN ARE OF SIZE 0.45 X 0.30

33.00

PLAN

3.00

BEAMS SIZE 0.3 X 0.45

COLUMN SIZE 0.45 X 0.30

3.00

3.00

3.00
15.00

ELEVATION

Steps involved:

3.00

3.00

1 . Geometry Creation :
New Project Select Space Length =meters; Force=KN;
File Name=Seismic Coefficient by Reference Load method Next
Select Open Structure Wizard Finish.
Change to Frame models from Truss models Select Bay Frame and double
click
on it.
Length X=15.0m No. of Bays =5

Each Bay =3.0m

Height Y=3.0m

No. of Bays =1

Each Bay =3.0m

Width Z=15.0m

No. of Bays=5

Each Bay =3.0m

Apply Transfer Model YesOk.

Go to front view.
2. Member Property :
Click General Property Define Rectangle

YD=0.45

ZD=0.30

Add
YD=0.45 ZD=0.30 AddClose . Highlight 0.45 x 0.30 Main menu
Select
Beam parallel to X , Select Beam parallel to Z Assign to selected
beam
Assign Yes Highlight 0.45 x 0.30 Select Beam parallel to Y
Assign to selected beam Assign Yes Close.
Deselect the nodes. Select beam cursor. Select the entire structureClick
Translational
repeat Y No. of steps=10 Default spacing=3m Link OK.
3. Supports :
Go to front view.
Click Support Create Fixed Add. Highlight support 2 and select
bottom most
support nodes by windowing using node cursor Assign to selected nodes

Assign Yes Close De select the nodes and change to beam cursor.
4. Loads :
(i) Defining Seismic Parameters:
Main menu Commands Loading Definitions Seismic load IS 18932002. Seismic Parameters appear. Select IS1893-2002 Click Generate .
IS1893 seismic parameters screen will appear.
Select Zone =III. Z=0.16
Response Reduction Facto (RF) : (For Special RC MRF) = 5
Importance factor (I) =1.5
Rock/soil type (SS) : (For Medium soil)=2
Structure Type (ST) : (For RC Frame Building)=1
Damping Ratio (DM) = 0.05%
Period in X = 0.09 h =0.09 x33
dx

12

Period in Z = 0.09 h =0.09 x33

dz

=0.86 sec.
=0.86sec.

12

Generate Add Close.

Note: In Seismic analysis always first load case shall be seismic load only.
Click load case details on data area Add.
Number 1 Loading type: Seismic
Title: EQ in X +ve Add Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Number 2 Loading type: Seismic
Title: EQ in X -ve Add Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Number 3 Loading type: Seismic
Title: EQ in Z+ve Add Close.
Click Load case details Add.
Number 4 Loading type: Seismic
Title: EQ in Z-ve AddClose.

Highlight Load case1 Add.

Seismic load X direction Factor: 1Add.
Highlight Load case 2Add.
Seismic load X direction Factor :-1Add.
Highlight Load case 3 Add.
Seismic load Z direction Factor :1Add.
Highlight Load case 4 Add.
Seismic load Z direction Factor :-1AddClose.
(ii) Defining Reference Load Command.

Click Loads & Definitions Definitions Reference Load Definitions

Number 5 Loading Type : Dead Title: R1DL Add.
Number 6

Loading Type : Live

Number 7 Loading Type : Live

Title: R2LL<3KN/m2 Add.

Title: R3 ROOF LL Add Close.

Select R1 DL Add.
Selfweight Selfweight Y Factor:-1 Add.
Member weight Loading type
Uni Weight w1=-12KN/m Add. (9 wall load)
w1 =-6KN/m Add. (4.5 wall load)

w1 =-4KN/m Add. (parapet wall load)

Floor Load Pressure:-4 KN/m2
Global Y Define Y range Mini.=3.0m

Max.=33.0m Add

Highlight Selfweight Y -1 Assign to view Assign Yes.

Highlight Member load - 12 KN/m Go to Front view Select Beam
parallel toX
and Beam parallel to Z. Front elevation view. Right click New view
Ok.
Select only typical floor beams except roof beam create new view Ok.
Plan view Highlight w1=-12Select the outer portion of beams
individually one by
one (9 wall portion ) Assign to selected beams Assign Yes.
Highlight Member weight w1=-6KN/m Cut section . Go to Plan view
Select inner
portion of the beam Assign to selected beams Assign Yes
Go to front view Select top portion by windowing Right click New
view OK.
Plan view Select outer portion of beam and highlight w1=- 4KN/m
Assign to
Selected beam Assign YesClose.
Click R2LL<3 KN/m2 Add.
Floor Load pressure :-2 KN/m2
Define Y range Mini.= 3.0m

Max.=30.0m Add

Click R3 ROOF Add Floor Load Pressure =-1.50KN/m2. Y range Mini=30.2

Max = 33.0 Add.
Click Zone 0.16 RF 5 I 1.5 SS 2 ST 1 DM 0.05 0.86 0.86 Add
Seismic Definition screen will appear.

Click Reference Load Add. Click Repeat Load Reference Load

Available Load cases

Reference Load cases

R1DL
R2LL<3

R1
>

R2

Factor
1.0
0.25

R3 ROOF LL
(iii) Giving Perform Analysis- change Command:
High Light Load case 2: EQ in X-Ve.
Click Analysis/Print Perform Analysis Load Data Add Check After
current
Click Change Add Check After current.
High Light Load case 3: EQ in Z+Ve.
Click Analysis/Print Perform Analysis Load Data Add Check After
current
Click Change Add Check After current.
High Light Load case 4: EQ in Z-Ve.
Click Analysis/Print Perform Analysis Load Data Add Check After
current
Click Change Add Check After current.
(iv) Defining Load Combination Using Auto Load Combination:
Commands LoadingEdit Auto loads Select Indian code.

Click New category

Category name: say EQ
No. of Rule

: 4 OK.

Rule No.
1
2
3
4

Dead
1.5
1.5
1.2
0.9

Live
1.5
-1.2
---

Seismic
-1.5
1.2
1.5

Click Update Table Close.

Click Load case details Add.
Click Auto load combination select code: Indian.
Category: EQ Click Generate loads Check create Repeat Load
Add Close.
(v) Load list:
Main menu Commands Loadingload list ( Select the required load
cases
from 7 to 19 on other side by highlighting and clicking > to take the load
comb on
other side.) OK.
5. Design :
Click DesignConcreteCurrent code : IS456 Define
ParametersFc=30000KN/m2Add
Fymain=415000KN/m2Add
Fysec=415000KN/m2Add
Ratio=3%Add.
Click Command Design BeamAdd
Design ColumnAdd. Take ofAddClose.
Highlight Fck =30000 and Select entire structure Assign to selected beam
AssignYes .

Highlight Fymain =415000 and Select entire structure Assign to selected

beam AssignYes .
Highlight Fysec =415000 and Select entire structure Assign to selected
beam AssignYes .
Highlight Ratio=3% and Select entire structure Assign to selected beam
AssignYes
Highlight Design Beam SelectBeam parallel to X SelectBeam
parallel to Z Assign to selected beam AssignYes.
Highlight Design Column Select bottom most column in Ground Floor
Assign to selected beam AssignYes .
Highlight Takeof Assign to viewAssign YesClose.
6. Analysis Type :
Click Analysis/print No print Add.
Click Post printDefine CommandsAnalysis resultsAddClose.
7. Perform Analysis :
From Main Menu ` Analysis Run Analysis
View output file Done.
8. Results :
Go to post processing mode. Results
Click Deflection icon Results View ValueBeam Results Deflection
Annotate.
Click Bending Moment Mz icon Results View ValueBeam Results
Bending
Moment Ends Mid SpanAnnotate.
Click Shear Force Fy icon Results View ValueBeam Results Shear
Force Ends Annotate.
Click Axial Force Fx icon Results View ValueBeam Results Axial
Force Ends Annotate.
Note: Before going to another result remove the tick mark in Beam results.

Design Check:
Main menu Select By specificationAll failed beams.
Go to modeling mode.
Select Column (at bottom portion) Double click the columnConcrete
design. Check
the bottom most storey column. If some columns in GF inner are failed,
change the
size of the column for inner portion and again run the analysis, verify the
result.
Similarly check the beam by double click the particular beam for find the
reinforcement.
If all are passed ok. Otherwise revise the beam section if failed.
Click report set up icon.
Available :
Input

Output

Selected:
1. Sections
2. Supports
3. Loadings
Beam End Forces
Reactions
Beam Max Axial Forces
Beam Max moments
Max. Shear forces
Beam Force Details Summary Ok.

Report:
Click Report setup icon Click input from available from left side.
Select Sections , Supports, Loadings and sent to Right side by clicking >
Select output.
From output select Beam end forces, Reactions, Shear forces, Axial forces,
Bending

moments, Beam force detail summary.

To Take picture:
Click take picture icon Enter the title of the sketch. Then Go to report set
up. Select
picture Album. If you want to change the sketch title enter the title in
caption. Adjust
the picture size by adjusting height & width. Select Full page.
To export Results in word file:
File Export Report MS word file. Click save.