PREPARED BY

ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
1

Defining open space in residential subdivision

PD 1296

A key house agency that assist private developers to undertake low and middle income
mass housing production

The value of extra work or change in construction plans by the owner

Refers to the most reasonable price of land and shelter based on the needs and financial
capability of program beneficiaries and appropriate financial schemes (RA 7279).

Architectural programming is one of the architects services that falls under

In a PERT CPM. ____________is a starting node to two or more activities

When the owner hires an Architect of a firm to coordinate the whole range of
Comprehensive Architectural Services, it shall constitute?
Which article is NOT included in the Building Contract?

Home Ins. & Guarantee

Corp. (HIGC)
Actual Cost +
10%(profit,overhead &
tax)
Affordable Cost

Pre design

Burst node

Project Management

Cost Records

He is a registered & licensed architect, who is academically and professionally qualified, &
with exceptional or recognized expertise or specialization in any branch of architecture;

Consulting Architect

10

BA full time construction inspector hired by owner assisting in the supervision of the work

Project representative

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

After ___________ substantial completion of contract work, the architect shall inspect the
project & issue certificate of completion after certification, the contractor will finish
outstanding work during period of making good of all known defect of 60 days
In methods of compensation, if the Architect as Project Manager performs regular
architectural services for the same project, he is compensated separately for these services
as stipulated in what UAP Documents?
Within how many months shall be the release of Retention from date of Final Payment?

Condominium & Subdivision, Bridges Protective Law.

98%

UAP doc. 202

3 months

PD 957

This services giver full meaning to what the professional calls comprehensive Architectural
Service. It wraps-up the whole range of architectural services.
The approved form of security furnished by the Contractor as a guarantee of good faith on
the part of the contractor to execute the work in accordance with terms of the Contract
BP 220: The parking requirement for multi-family dwelling is
PD 957: In Design Standards for Residential Condominium Projects, offsite parking is
allowed but must NOT be more how may meters away from the building it serves?
Under PD 1096 the executive officer of OBO appointed by the secretary to enforce the
provision of the code in the field as well as the enforcement or orders and decisions made
pursuant thereto

1/28

Post Construction
Services
Performance Bond

1 slot/ family dwelling

100 meters

City Engineer

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
20

21

22

Contract Documents shall be the property of the

Architect

It is instructions that supplement or modify drawings, specs, & general conditions of the
contract.
The _________ shall submit ________ copies of shop drawings for the architects approval

Special Provisions

Contractor / 2

23

are set of requirements for an itemized or generalized construction work, materials,

methods, or systems.

Specifications

24

shows the general requirements without consideration of a specific type or brand for
materials. Open specs may be subject to reasonable changes and equivalencies.

Open Specifications

25

establishes the exact and specific quantity, types, color, texture, and other properties.
Such can not be changed or subjected to equivalencies without prior concent from the specs
writter or the architect

Closed Specifications

26

specifies the manufacturers and producers or the brands of materials and products be used
for each specific work.

Brand Name
Specifications

27

Combines two or more techniques.

Combination
Specifications

28

Division 01 General Requirements

Division 02 Site Construction
Division 03 Concrete
Division 04 Masonry
Division 05 Metals
Division 06 Wood and Plastics
Division 07 Thermal and Moisture Protection
Division 08 Doors and Windows
Division 09 Finishes
Division 10 Specialties
Division11 Equipment
Division 12 Furnishings
Division 13 Special Construction
Division 14 Conveying Systems
Division 15 Mechanical
Division 16 Electrical

29

30

31

Division of Master
Format Specifications
(1995 - Nov 2004)

an organization that maintains and advances the standardization of construction language

as pertains to building specifications.provides structured guidelines for specification writing
in their Project Resource Manual, formerly called the Manual of Practice (MOP).

The most widely used standard for organising specifications and other written information for
commercial and institutional building projects. It provides a master list of divisions, and
section numbers and titles within each division, to be followed in organizing information
about a facilitys construction requirements and associated activities
Classes
A wood, cloth, paper, rubber and plastics
B flammable liquid and gases
C fire involving energized electrical equipment
D involving combustible metals (such as magnesium, sodium, potassium)

2/28

CSI - Construction
Specification Institute

Master Format
Specifications

Classes of Fire

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
32

not normally filled with water (water is introduced by fire service connection when needed)

33

air compartment or chamber to which ducts are connected

34

neutralize or remove a fire hazard

35

it is normally open, closes automatically to prevent passage of fire or smoke

36

the lowest temperature at which the material will give sufficient vapor to ignite when exposed
to flame

37

an electrical conductor used to bypass a safety device

38

stairway enclosure so designed that products of combustion is prevented from moving in

Smokeproof Tower

39

not allowed as a form of escape

Fire escape ladders

signed on docs. that one has not prepared or supervised

paid illegal amount in the application
impersonation
aided an illegal practice

Grounds for
suspension and
revocation of license

40

41

Dry Standpipe

Plenum

Abatement

Damper

Flash Point

Jumper

develop levels of standards and technical requirements for economic and socialized housing
projects
for socialized and economic housing
housing units that are affordable to average and low-income earner (30% of the gross family
income)
it is a law that relaxes the provisions of the NBC for the purpose of making the dwelling units
more affordable without compromising health, safety and enviromental protection

BP 220

42

Sale of Subd Lots / Condo buyers protection

PD 957

43

defining open space

PD 1216

44

Condominium act

RA 4726

45

comprehensive and continuing urban development and housing program, establish the
mechanism for its implementation, and for other purposes
a. Uplift the conditions of the underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban areas and in
resettlement areas by making available to them decent housing at affordable cost, basic
services, and employment opportunities;
b. Provide for the rational use and development of urban land in order to bring about the
following:

3/28

R.A. 7279 - Urban

Development and
Housing Act

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

Environmental Impact Statement

prepare, file and include in every action, project or undertaking which significantly affects the
quality of the environment a detailed statement on:
the environmental impact of the proposed action,
any adverse environmental effect which cannot be avoided should the proposal be
implemented;
alternative to the proposed action;
a determination that the short-term uses of the resources of the environment are consistent
with the maintenance and enhancement of the long-term productivity of the same
whenever a proposal involves the use of depletable or nonrenewable resources, a finding
must be made that such use and commitment are warranted.

Philippine Environmental Code

P.D. 1151 - Philippine

Environmental Policy

PD 1152

a book containing all contract and non-contract documents for a construction project except
the drawings
Organization of the Project Manual
bidding requirements
parts of the contract (agreement and bond forms)
general and supplementary conditions of the contract
technical specifications
invitation, prequalification forms, instruction to bidders, information to bidders, bid forms

Project Manual

Bidding Requirements
supplements to bid
forms

bid security, subcontractor list, substitutions

agreement (owner-contractor), performance bond, labor and materials payment bond,
certificates of insurance

contract forms

general conditions

general and
supplementary
conditions

(also called closed), specifies brand names, product,

proprietary specification the most restrictive
approved equal language,

Prescriptive
Specification

(also called open), specifies results that are to be achieved but gives the contractor the
choice on how it will be achieved; used in public projects in order to promote competition
descriptive like a recipe to be followed, quantities and qualities of ingredients
reference standard reference to ASTM, AISC, NBC
complete, accurate and unambiguous
up to date references (standards)
do not specify the results and at the same time the method (this may conflict)
use standards than can be measured
avoid exculpatory clauses (broad way of shifting responsibility)
avoid and/or, etc.,
keep it short

56

one general contractor

57

major portions are contracted separately (e.g. mechanical, electrical), specialty contractors
favor this but make coordination difficult

Performance
Secification

Writing Specifications

single prime contract

4/28

multiple prime contract

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
58

59

60

used for fast track construction, some work can proceed as soon as its drawings and specs
are available, other will have to wait, this overlaps the design process
graphic presentation of work to be done

Drawings

written and verbal description of work

Specifications

61

changes in the work, time, protection of persons and property, insurance and bonds,
correction of work, termination or suspension of the contract

62

compensation, description of work, date of commencement, completion, liquidated

damages, payment

63

64

65

General Conditions

Agreement
addenda

changes before contract execution

changes after contract execution

Modifications

Architect reviews processes, shop drawings, submittals, observes construction making sure
it is consistent with the contract, evaluates contractor accomplishment and request for
payments and administers the project closeout procedure

66

illustrations showing how the contractor proposes to supply and install the required work,
very detailed

67

physical example of the portion of work, they become standards of appearances and
workmanship

68

brochure, charts, instructions

69

authorizing the variation from the original that involves changes in cost and/or time. Architect
prepares it, the owner issues it to the contractor. All must approve this.

70

many prime contracts

Construction
Administration

shop drawings

Sample

Product data

when the building is made ready for occupancy

Change Orders

Project Closeout

71

when the building can be used, it is also the termination of the contractors schedule

Substantial Completion

72

a result of architects inspection, identifies the work to be completed or corrected

punchlist

73

formulates policies and objectives as well as over-all strategies for housinc

5/28

Housing and Urban

Development
Coordinating Council
(HUDCC)

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER

74

formerly Human Settlements Regulatory Commission; to foster growth and renewal of urban
and rural communities, optimum land-use, adequate shelter and environmental protection

Housing and Land Use

Regulatory Board
(HLURB)

75

provident savings fund for housing

Home Development
Mutual Fund (Pag-ibig
Fund)

76

generate continuous source of funds for housing through secondary mortgage market
system

National Home
Mortgage and Finance
Corporation (NHMFC)

77

undertake housing development and resettlement

78

develop, standardize, and mass produce housing materials

79

1902 - Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas; 1st President Guillermo

Gardiner
National Assembly 1921 - 1st Engineers and Architects Law Act No. 2985 (master buildings
were registered as architects)
1933 - Philippine Architects Society (adopted a code of ethics and standardized fees)
1945 Sept. 2 - PAS became PIAP the became Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA)
1950 - League of Philippine Architects, AR 545 was enacted
1958 - Association of Philippine Government Architects
1973 - creation of PRC; APGA, LPA and PIA negotiated
1974 - approval of the constitution and by-laws by the 3 organizations
1975 - United Architects of the Philippines

80

81

National Housing
Authority (NHA)

National Housing
Corporation (NHC)

History of Archl.
Organization in Phils.

responsibilities toward the public

constructive civic service
preservation of heritage
uphold interest of its professional organization
abide by the code of ethical conduct
refrain from paid advertisements of self-laudatory, misleading publicity
refrain from taking part in paid advertisement

architects
responsibilities in
relation to
people

introduce oneself by sample (no free design)

ascertain nature and scope of project, define charges
honest advocate (even that would mean loss of project)
explain character of estimate
consider needs and stipulation of the client
charge the client
not undertake fixed contract sum
not accept payment from other source
refrain from business that would discredit oneself

architects
responsibilities in
relation to
Client

6/28

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER

82

83

84

85

86

make contractor understand the contract (avoid mistakes)

architects error should not be absorbed by the contractor
promptly act on non-conformance of the contractor
not accept free engineering services or other freebies that would make him obligated
promptly act on request for payments

architects
responsibilities in
relation to
Contractor

no freebies
avoid commissions, discounts, gifts that places one under reciprocal frame

architects
responsibilities in
relation to
agents, dealers

no free architects services except small civic and charitable projects

not knowingly compete with other architects on basis of fee
not seek commission on a project when another architect is currently negotiating
not be part of a competition where there is conflict of interest
not invade or conquer another architects project
notify original designers when undertaking renovation works
not maliciously talk about another architect
protect ones name from being used maliciously
sign only on plans one has prepared
treat well employees and subordinates
share technical information and experience
serve ones professional association

architects
responsibilities in
relation to
colleagues &
subordinates

feasibility studies (viability), financing, programming (problem seeking), site selection or

analysis, site studies, space studies, promotional services (marketing)
schematic design, design development, contract document, construction

Pre-Design

Design

87

interior design, landscape, physical planning (site planning), comprehensive planning (starts
with data base gathering end culminates with master development plan)

Specialized Allied

88

implements construction
hires workers, negotiate with contractors, authorize payment of accounts

Design-Build
by administration

89

90

91

92

involves the use of a revolving fund

savings and excesses are shared with conditions
50/50 split on savings
50/50 split on excess up to 110% of the guaranteed cost
architect pays for the excess beyond 110% of the guaranteed cost.
full-time supervision (quality control, evaluation of contractors work, record keeping)
construction management (coordination and supervision, cost and time control, quality
control and record keeping)
building and equipment maintenance (trouble free use)
building and grounds administration (billing, security, operations)
post construction evaluation (have the goals been achieved)

Design Build by
guaranteed maximum
cost

Construction Services

Post Construction
Services
Comprehensive
Architectural Services

all in one

7/28

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER

93

94

95

96

97

Stipulated sum (fixed fee, lump sum))

cost plus fee = actual expense plus reasonable fee for profit
multiple of direct personnel expense = salaries are determined then multiplied by a factor,
this is increased by a multiplier for overhead and profit
percentage of construction cost
unit cost method = based on definable unit (housing unit, square meter, room)
per diem plus reimbursable expense
revised RA 6541

PD 1096

BO issue permit within ______ from the date of payment

15 days

fill-up a form
lot ownership / possessory right (TCT, sale, lease, contract)
drawings, specifications and estimates
lot plan
permit becomes null and void if:
construction does not commence within _______
suspended/ abandoned for ________

Bldg. permit
Requirements

one year / 120 days

98

no building can be occupied without such certificate

no change in occupancy allowed
issued within 30 days after final inspection

99

Type I - wood construction

Type II - wood with protective fire-resistance and one-hour fire resistive throughout
Type III - masonry and wood construction, and one-hour fire resistive throughout
Type IV - steel, iron, concrete, masonry
Type V - fire resistive

100

Compensation Method

Certificate of
Occupancy

time in hours a material or assembly can be expected to withstand exposure to fire without
collapsing, develop any openings which permit the passage of flame or hot gases, or
exceeding specified temperature on the side away from the fire

Types of Construction

fire resistance rating

Category I - residential
Category II - commercial and industrial
101 Category III - educational, social and institutional
Category IV - agricultural
Category V - ancillary

Classification of
Buildings by Use

102 classified to belong to the most restrictive requirement

mixed occupancy

103 size of room relative to window size (____ of floor area and not less than 1 m2; ___ for
toilets but not less than 0.24 m2)

10% & 5 %

104 ceiling heights (min):

2.7m, 2.4m and 2.1m

(artificially ventilated)

105

if naturally ventilated
2.7m ceiling height

8/28

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
106

mezzanine
1.8m Ceiling height

107

min. sizes and dimension of rooms

human habitation

6 m2 (least side 2m)

108 Kitchen

3m2 (least side 1.5m)

109 bath/ toilet

1.2 m2 (least side 0.9m)

110 installation in place

erection

111 increasing height or area

addition

112

changes in materials, partitioning, size of openings, structural parts, utilities without

increasing area

alteration

113 physical change to increase value, utility, aesthetics

renovation

114 Change in use

Conversion

115 remedial work on damaged portion, restore

repair

116 transfer of building or part

moving

117 systematic dismantling

demolition

118 secondary building

ancillary

119 permit not required (shed, outhouse, detached from building)

120

of the intervals or spaces into which the building front is divided by columns, buttresses or
division walls

minor const.

bay or panel

121 the remaining space in a lot after deducting the required minimum open space

buildable area

122 area which is equal to the total capacity of the building it serves (0.28sm per person)

dispersal area

123 area between bottom of window sill and the ground

socalo

124 underside of a beam, lintel

soffit

9/28

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
125

an opening through two or more floors that is closed on the top

Atrium

refers to fire assembly, sucha as door, that normally remains in the open position but that
126 closes when subjected to increase in temperature of 165 deg F. or on actuation of a smoke
detector.

automatic closing

three parts: exit access (leads to the exit), the exit (between exit access to the discharge,
127 must be fully enclosed and protected, 1 2 hour rating) and the exit discharge (outside the
building). These must lead to public way.

egress system

128 no part of may ignite or burn when subjected to fire

129

non combustible

door latching assembly using an unlatching device that has an activating portion t hat
extends across at least of the the width of the door

an evaluation of all the costs of the elements of a specific project

can be prepared in various phases of the architects regular design services
area method
130 detailed
architects cannot give guarantee since they are not the ones who will execute the work, they
do not have control over the prices

131 sum of all cost, inherent in converting a design plan into a project ready for operation
the cost of installed equipment, materials and labor directly involved in the physical
construction of the permanent facility
directly based on building plans and specifications
132
elevator belongs to the direct cost
crane does not

133

all cost which do not become a final part of the installation, but which is required for the
orderly completion of the installation (field administration, direct insurance, taxes)

134 under the general contractor, to provide a portion of the work

135

inherent in the performing on operation which cannot be charged to or identified with a part
of the work

specific provision for unforeseeable elements of cost within the defined project scope;
events that will increase the cost and will likely occur; expected to be spent
misinterpretations
errors (oversights, take-off, pricing)
136 insufficient information (site, weather, access, peace and order)
labor and material (productivity and availability)
not RISKs related factors (uncertainties: excessive escalation, excessive changes in
conditions, abnormal weather)

the provision in actual or estimated cost for an increase in the cost of equipment, material,
137 labor, etc. over those specified in the contract due to continuing price level changes over
time.

10/28

panic hardware

Estimates

Construction Cost

Direct Cost

InDirect Cost

Subcontract

Overhead

Contingencies

Escalation

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
138

earnings from an on-going business after direct cost of goods sold have been deducted from
sales of revenues

139 earnings after all operating expenses have been deducted from net operating revenues

140

estimated by quantities and pricing

Net Profit

Materials

by labor productivity charts (8man-hours/1 cu.m)

141 as a percentage of the cost of materials

142

Gross Profit

Labor

acquisition, depreciation, rental,

Equipment

143 10 to 20% of the sum of the cost of labor, materials and equipment

144 usually 5 - 20% of the cost of the job (takes about 15 - 40 percent of the construction cost)

145 indicates the start and end point of activities but does not show sequence and dependencies
graphically depicts all the tasks required to finish the project, the sequence in which they
146 must occur, duration, earliest or latest possible starting time, and the earliest and latest
possible finishing time
** 5 days means immediately
** 7 days NTP notice to proceed
** 10 days request for materials and drawings
notice (stop, begin or resume)
** 15 days money matters (request for inspection, payments, salary and wages)
** 30 days arbitration
** 90 days government stoppage
147 ** 120 days Building Permit (stoppage)
** 365 days Building Permit (without construction)
3 consecutive board examination failures
guaranteed bond
reinstatement
** 3 years renewal of license
** 15 years liability of architect to his project

148 15 % of contract amount

Overhead

Profit

bar chart

critical path method

(cpm)

Notes

Performance Bond

15% of Contract amount

149 - valid until replacement of Guarantee Bond

Payment Bond

30% of contract amount

150 - valid up to 1 yr from date of acceptance

Guarantee Bond

151 completion of work, the contractor should present certificate of non financial obligation

11/28

After 65%

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
substantial completion of contract work, the architect shall inspect the project & issue
152 certificate of completion after certification, the contractor will finish outstanding work during
period of making good of all known defects of 60 days.

After 98%

Doc 201 Pre- design Services

Doc 202 Design services
Doc 203 Specialized Allied Services
Doc 204 Construction Services
153 Doc 205 Post- Construction Services
Doc 206 Comprehensive Architectural
Doc 207 Design- Build Services

Services

Doc 208 Selection of Architects & Methods of Compensation

Doc 209 Competition Code
Doc. 210 - Logbook of Diversified Experioence

Simple 6%
Moderate 7%
Exceptional 8%
Residential 10%
Monumental MBF + 50%
154 Repetitive 80%, 60%, 40%
Housing 60%, 30%
Extensive Detailing 15%
Alteration and Renovation 150%
Consultation P200
PD 1185 Fire Code
PD 1096 Building Code
PD 957 Condominium & Subdivision,
PD 23 Law that Created the PRC
PD 49 Intellectual Property Law

Architects Fee

Bridges Protective Law

155

Laws in Architecture
RA 545 The Architects Law
BP 344 The Law Enhancing the Mobility of Disabled
BP 220 The Socialized Housing Law

12/28

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
1. Performance Specifications
- the result of the product, rather than the product itself are specified
2. Descriptive Specifications
- gives a description of the product
3. Brand Name Specification
- the desired product is specified by the name given and model number
or an equal approved by the architect
4. Closed Specification
-there are two types of closed specifications, the single product and the multi product.
Closed specifications are usually brand name specifications. The multi product is the same
as a single product except that more than one product is used. no other brand will be
156
accepted
5. Open Specifications
- open because all manufacturers whose product meet performance or description specified
may bid. All performance and descriptive specifications are open. Brand name specifications
are open if the phrase or equal
6. Reference Specification
- the item desired is referred to by a number corresponding to a number published in a
specification.
7. Combination Specification
-it is possible to have combinations of performance, description and reference specification.
1.
2.
3.
157
4.
5.

M-achines
M-oney
M-anpower
M-aterial
M-inutes

5 Ms of Construction

1.
R-eference Horizontal, Vertical
2.
E-xcavation min. depth .60m until stable w/ signature of the Architect, must have a
permit
158 3.
R-ebars
4.
C-oncreting
5.
F-inishes Mock up (samples)
1.
2.
3.
159
4.
5.
1.
2.
160 3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
161
4.
5.

Types of Specification

Proposal Fee 5%
Schematic Design 15%
Design Devt - 15%
Contract Docs - 50%
Retention - 15% = Liability 10%, Supervision 5%

Important Milestones of
Construction

Architects Fee for RDS

Proposal Fee 5%
Prelim Drawings - 25%
Final Drawings - 50%
Retention - 20% = 3 months after the acceptance of the Architect
G-eneral Conditions Execution, Intent satisfaction to finish the proj., Correlation
A-greement
S-pecifications
S-pecial Provisions
D-rawings

UAP degree of difficulty/complexity of design

FCP risk of occurrence of Fire
162
NCP use and occupancy

Architects Fee for SAS

Architectural Contract
Documents

PROJECT
CLASSIFICATION

13/28

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
1.

DBA Design-Build Services by Administration - 7% of Proj. Const. Cost

Proj. Const. Cost. in addition to Architects fee for Regular Design Services (UAP 202) 10%
(if residential proj.) + 7% = 17%
163 2.

Design Build Services

Fee

DBGMC Design Build by Guaranteed Maximum Cost

a. Lump Sum
b. If the cost is exceeded by not more than 10% it is divided = bet. Architect and Client.
However if the excess is more than 10% the Architect pays for all extra cost of the 10%

164 pays for the Building Permit (cannot be reimbursed, not included in Estimates)

165

validity 120 days, valid 12 months if constructed has not commenced; exception government
structure; excepted if P15,000 proj. cost

166 affectivity of a Construction contract from receipt of Notice of Final Payment

167

is a "promise" or an "agreement" made of a set of promises. Breach of this contract is

recognized by the law and legal remedies can be provided.

168 limits what things can be taken into account when trying to interpret a contract.
is the legal process by which an arbiter or judge reviews evidence and argumentation
including legal reasoning set forth by opposing parties or litigants to come to a decision
169
which determines rights and obligations between the parties involved.

There must be an express or implied agreement. The essential requirement is that there be
evidence that the parties had each from an objective perspective engaged in conduct
170
manifesting their assent, and a contract will be formed when the parties have met such a
requirement.
171

is an agreement in which each of the parties to the contract makes a promise or promises to
the other party.

Contractor

Building Permit

7 Days

Contract

parol evidence rule

Adjudication

Mutual agreement

Bilateral Contract,

172 only one party to the contract makes a promise.

Unilateral Contract

173 is one in which the terms are expressed verbally, either orally or in writing

Expressed Contract

174 is one in which some of the terms are not expressed in words.

175

is one in which the circumstances imply that parties have reached an agreement even
though they have not done so expressly.

A contract which is implied in law because it is not in fact a contract; rather, it is a means for
176 the courts to remedy situations in which one party would be unjustly enriched were he or she
is not required to compensate the other.

14/28

Implied Contract
Implied in fact or
implied in law

Quasi-Contract

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
177

If no reasonable person hearing this statement would take it seriously, it is a puff, and no
action in contract is available if the statement proves to be wrong

Puff statement (sales

talk):

A representation is a statement of fact made to induce another person to enter into a

contract and which does induce them to enter into a contract, but it is one that the maker of
178 the statement does not guarantee its truth. If the statement proves to be incorrect, it cannot
be enforced, as it is not a term of the contract, but it may prove to be a misrepresentation,
whereupon other remedies are available.

Representation
statement

A ___ is similar to a representation, but the truth of the statement is guaranteed by the
person who made the statement. The test is an objective test.

Term Statement

179

180 is concerned with knowing the probable total cost of a project.

Cost Estimate

181

is a preliminary estimation technique that aims to establish the quantity of each material for
a project, not yet considering their cost.

Quantity Survey

182

is concerned with the determination of probable cost of labor by logical assumptions of the
productivity of the workers

Productivity Estimates

183 is a list of materials needed for a project. It usually presents the probable cost for each item.

Bill of Materials

is a review of the plan and design of a project so as to coordinate with the sizes and
184 specifications of construction materials. Its aim is to avoid wastage and maximize the use of
each material

Value Engineering

185

is an estimate that breaks the subject down into as many items or components possible.
Each component are often described with specifications

Detailed Estimate

186

is an estimate that is computed in general and vague. It is often an assumption by area,

volume, or bulk.

Rough Estimate

187 is an assumption of the totality of an item without consideration of its specific components .

188 The amount to be paid for every delay in the contract time

Liquidated Damages

189 The ____ ethically can order a change during construction anytime

190 ____ is a right enforceable against specific property to secure payment of an obligation

191 An architect is a person who is ____ & technically qualified to practice architecture
The ____ are printed documents stipulating the procedural & administrative aspects of the
192 contract

193 The ____ contains additional information on Contract Documents:

194

Lumpsum

The ____ is a list of instructions stipulating the manner on which bids are to be
prepared

15/28

Owner

Liens

Legally

The General Conditions

Bid Bulletin

Instructions to Bidders

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
195 There are two ways of undertaking a Design-Build service, one of which is:
Normally, an architect is paid on Percentage of Construction cost method, another method of
196 compensation is:

By Guaranteed
Maximum Cost
Salary

197 Building Administrators are compensated on a monthly salary basis or:

Percentage of Gross
monthly Rentals

198 For non-creative architectural services, compensation is by:

Multiple of Direct
Personnel Expense

199

Architects, employed by the government, are not allowed to engage in the ____
practice architecture

200 PD ____ institutionalized the profession of Environmental Planning

Private

PD 1308

201

____ Mandates government support only to PRC accredited bonafide professional

organization.

UAP

202

The ____ shall have the power, upon notice of hearing, to suspend & revoke any
certificate of registrations

PRC

203

The _____ pays for the structural, utilities & other tests as may be required for the project.

An act of God such as earthquakes, typhoons, etc. which human prudence cannot foresee
204 or prevent

Force Majeure
only after the approval
by the architect

205 If not clearly specified, a material could be installed:

The duties & responsibilities of the architect with the regards to his motives, conduct & sense
206 of moral values are formulated under the:

207

Owner

Re-examination (for the Board exam) can be allowed ____ times & shall not be
allowed to take another exam after one year has elapsed after the last exam:

208 As Project Manager, the architect is compensated on a percentage basis of:

209 The entity who can order changes at any time during construction is the:

210 ____ includes labor, materials, & other equipment necessary to construction

211 ____ shall mean furnish and install

UAP Doc. 200

one

2%-5% of Project cost

Architect

Work

Provide

212 The contract time is computed based from the receipt date of the ____

213 PD 223 specifies the function of the Board of Architecture to Supervise & ____.

16/28

Notice to Proceed

Regulate

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
214 The retention is released how many months after the date of final payment:

3 months

215

A stipulation of the use of specific products or processes without provision for

substitution is:

216

The architect shall not render free professional services except for Small Civic &
____ projects

Charitable

217

The ____ shall issue certificates of payment after inspection & acceptance of the
project

Architect

218

The ____ is the person, firm or corporation who provides the guarantee for the
contractors bonds.

Close Specifications

Surety

219 The contractor is responsible for the ____ of building permit fees.

Payment

Within what Period may the Contarctor after giving written notice to owner/architect suspend
220 work/terminated
contract?

10 days

221

The value of extra work or change in construction plans by the

owner.

Refers to the most reasonable price of land and shelter based on

222 the needs and financial capability of program beneficiaries and
appropriate financial schemes (RA 7279).

b. Actual direct cost

plus 10 percent for
profit, overhead and tax

Affordable cost

223

Architectural programming is one of the architects services that

falls under:

Pre Design

224

In a PERT CPM. ____________is a starting node to two or more

activities

Burst node

225

It refers to contracts or arrangements involving the transfer of

systematic knowledge for the manufacture if a product

Technical Transfer

It was the first law passed by the national assembly in 1921

226 where the maestros de obra or the master builders are required to
register as architects?

Engineers and
Architects Law Act no.
2986

When the owner hires an Architect of a firm to coordinate the

227 whole range of Comprehensive Architectural Services, it shall
constitute?
Which article is NOT included in the Building Contract?
a. Time of Completion and Liquidated Damages
228 b. Performance & Payment Bonds
c. Cost Records
d. Payments

Project Management

Cost Records

He is a registered & licensed architect, who is academically and

229 professionally qualified, & with exceptional or recognized expertise
or specialization in any branch of architecture;

Consulting Architect

After ___________ substantial completion of contract work, the

architect shall inspect the project & issue certificate of completion
230
after certification, the contractor will finish outstanding work during
period of making good of all known defect of 60 days.

98%

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PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER

231

Which of the following is NOT the architects responsibility in

relation to the contractor?

25. In methods of compensation, if the Architect as Project Manager

performs regular architectural services for the same project, he is
232
compensated separately for these services as stipulated in what UAP
Documents?

233

The Contractor shall submit the following before Final Payment is

to be released except for:

Within how many months shall be the release of Retention from

date of Final Payment?
This services give full meaning to what the professional calls
235 comprehensive Architectural Service. It wraps-up the whole range of
architectural services.
234

The approved form of security furnished by the Contractor as a

236 guarantee of good faith on the part of the contractor to execute the
work in accordance with terms of the Contract.
The architect of a housing project was give Php 300,000.00 for
237 the first unit he designed. How much will he receive for the tenth
housing unit?
Under PD 1096 the executive officer of OBO appointed by the
238 secretary to enforce the provision of the code in the field as well as
the enforcement or orders and decisions made pursuant thereto.
Which of the following situation would trigger the owner to
suspend work?
a. Bankruptcy-Declared by BIR
239 b. Insubordination
c. Non-payment of contactors debt/non superintendence of
contractor
d. All of the above
240 Contract Documents shall be the property of the
241

The Architect shall consider

the needs and stipulation of
the
Contractor and the effect of
his work upon the life and wellbeing of
the public and community as a
whole

UAP Doc 202

Guarantee Bond equivalent to

40% of the Contract Price
covering
a period of one year after the
Final Acceptance of the Work.

3 months
Post-Construction
Services

Performance Bond

Php 480,000.00

City Engineer

All of the above

Architect

It is instructions that supplement or modify drawings, specs, &

general conditions of the contract.

Boiler Plate is essential to the production of good construction

documents as are the drawings or the specifications. All are included
forms except
242 a. Invitation to Bid
b. Wage Scales
c. Bond Form
d. Building Permit
243

The _________ shall submit ________ copies of shop drawings for

the architects approval

244

A full time construction inspector hired by owner assisting in the

supervision of the work.

Special Provisions

Building Permit

Contractor/2
Project Representative
Contract documents
phase

245 The third phase of an architect's regular services.

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PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
246 Project financing falls under what kind of service of the architect.

Pre-design services

247 Comprehensive planning falls under what service of the architect.

Specialized allied
services

248

The fee of the architect for design-build services on a guaranteed maximum cost aside from
his fee for regular design services.

249 What percentage of an architect's work is liability under the civil code.

10%

10%

250

For interior design services, the architect shall be paid what percentage of the fee upon
submission of the final design.

50%

251

When the owner fails to implement the plans and documents for construction as prepared by
the architect, the architect is entitled to receive what percentage of his fee.

85%

252

The minimum fee per appearance of an architect when rendering service as an expert
witness shall be.

PHP 500.00

253 The minimum basic fee for specialized decorative building.

12%

254 The minimum basic fee for industrial buildings with a project cost below 50 million pesos.

6%

255 The minimum basic fee for hospitals with a project cost below 50 million pesos.

8%

256

In design-build services, the single-point-responsibility of project delivery puts the legal

liability for both the design and construction on the.

Architect

257

The release of 10% retention by the owner shall be done after how many months from the
date of final payment.

3 months

258 Printed documents stipulating the procedural and administrative aspect of the contract.

General conditions

259 An outline specification enumerating the type and trade names of materials to be used.

Schedule of material
and finishes

260

A price given by a contractor, sub-contractor, material supplier or vendor to furnish materials,

labor or both.

261

A statement from the architect confirming the amount of money due the contractor for work
accomplished.

262

A bond furnished by the contractor and his surety as a guarantee to execute the work in
accordance with the terms of the contract.

Quotation

Certificate of payment

Performance bond

263 An offer to perform the work prescribed in a contract at a specified cost.

Bid

264 The fee of the architect for design-build services by administration.

7%

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PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
265 A stipulation of the use of specific products or processes without provision for substitution.

Closed specification

266 A list of instructions stipulating the manner on which bids are to be prepared.

Instruction to bidders

267

The performance and Payment Bonds shall be released by the owner after the expiration of
how many months from the final acceptance of the work.

268 The Guarantee Bond is released how many months after the date of final payment.

269

How many days shall the Building Official issue a certificate of occupancy after final
inspection of the project.

270

A statute specifying the period of time within which legal action must be brought for alleged
damage or injury.

271 A bond, the form or content of which is prescribed by statute.

272

A rule that certain kinds of contracts are enforceable unless signed and in writing or unless
there is a written memorandum of their terms signed by the party to be charged.

273

A contract transferring the right of possession of buildings, property, etc., for a fixed period of
time, usually for periodical compensation called 'rent'.

274 A tenure by lease; real estate held under a lease.

2 months

12 months / 1 yr

30 days

Statute of Limitation

Statutory Bond

Statute of Frauds

Lease

Leasehold

275 The person receiving a possessory interest in buildings, property, etc., by lease.

Lessee

276 The person granting a possessory interest in buildings, property, etc., by lease.

Lessor

277 Range of the multiplier for Multiple of Direct Personnel Expense.

2-2.5

278 This type of compensation is only applied to non-creative work.

Multiple of Direct
Personnel Expenses

279 Supervision Work is a non-creative work, true or false.

TRUE

280 A world-wide used method of compensation for architectural services.

This method of compensation is applied only to pre-design services, supervision work, and
281 other works which the Architect may perform other than the regular and specialized allied
services.

Percentage of
Construction Cost
Multiple of Direct
Personnel Expenses

282

This type of compensation is similar to the concept being charged by realtors, developers,
and lawyers.

Percentage of
Construction Cost

283

For reimbursable expenses, how many kilometers from the Architect's office shall a work be
located to allow reimbursable expenses.

50 kms.

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PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
284

This method of compensation is frequently used where there is continuing relationship on a

series of projects.

Professional Fee Plus

Expenses

285

The full-time construction inspector shall be under the technical control and supervision of
the ___.

Architect

286 Submission of shop drawings shall be accompanied by a ___ in duplicate.

287 How many sets of shop drawings for approval shall the contractor submit to the Architect?

288

Who shall have the responsibility of securing, but not liable for non-issuance, of the final
occupancy permit.

Letter of transmittal

Contractor

True or false, can the owner relegate to the contractor the responsibility of establishing the
289 lot lines, boundary lines, easements, and benchmarks provided that the owner pays the
contractor for such works?

TRUE

Who shall have the responsibility for establishing lot lines, boundary lines, easements, and
benchmarks?

Owner

290

Who shall pay for the services of a licensed surveyor for confirmation and certification of the
291 location of column centers, piers, walls, pits, trenches, pipe work, culvert work, utility lines,
and other similar works required by the contract.

Contractor

292 Professional Fee for the Architect as a full-time supervisor.

1-1.5%

293 Professional fee for the Construction Manager.

1.5-3%

294

Under PD 1096, what should be the proportion of sidewalk width to that of the road right- ofway?

(1/6)

295

At what interest rate per month should a client pay the architect should the former fail to pay
the latter beyond 30 days from receipt of billing?

2%

296

What code holds the architect responsible for the building/structure he designed for a certain
period of time.

Civil Code

297

What type of compensation is applied to cases where the architect's personal time is
required, such as conferences, joint venture activities, etc.?

298 What type of bond guarantees payment on all obligations arising from the contract?

299

What type of compensation is applied to most of Gov't projects and entails more paper
works and is advantageous to both client and architect.

300 Professional Fee for the Project Manager.

301

Per Diem+Reimb.
Expenses
Payment Bond

Lump Sum / Fixed Fee

2-5%

If the Project Manager is hired by the owner, who shall have the responsibility of hiring the
Construction Manager?

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Project Manager

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
True or false, based on the Civil Code, the Project Manager has no legal responsibility
insofar as design and construction is concerned.

TRUE

His primary responsibility is the exercise of overall cost control which relieves the owner of
303 many of the anxieties that usually beset , particularly those concerned with forecasting cost
and completion dates.

Project Manager

In the architect's code of ethics, to whom does the architect has responsibility to seek
opportunities for constructive service in civic and urban affairs?

Public / People

302

304

305 What PD created the PRC which regulates the practice of various professionals.

306

Architect XYZ uses paid advertisements without sanction by professional consensus and
years of experience. His action is unethical with respect to his relation to whom?

307 Additional information on contract documents issued to bidders before date of bidding.

308

The offer of a bidder to perform the work described by the contract documents when made
out and submitted on the prescribed proposal form, properly signed and sealed.

The cashier's check or surety bond accompanying the proposal submitted by the bidder, as
309 a guarantee that the bidder will enter into a contract with the owner for the construction of the
work, if the contract is awarded to him.

PD 223

People / Public

Bid Bulletin

Proposal

Proposal Bond

310

Instructions which may be issued prior to the bidding to supplement and/or modify drawings,
specifications, and/or general conditions of the contract.

Special Provisions

311

Written or printed description of work to be done describing qualities of material and mode of
construction.

Specifications

Means information, advice or notification pertinent to the project delivered in person or sent
312 by registered mail to the individual, firm or corporation at the last known business address of
such individual, firm or corporation.

Written Notice

313

Includes labor or materials or both as equipment, transportation, or other facilities necessary

to commence and complete the construction called for in the contract.

Work

314

Means to build-in, mount in position, connect or apply any object specified ready for the
intended use.

Install

315 Means to purchase and/or fabricate and deliver to jobsite.

Furnish

316 Means to furnish and install.

Provide

No further retention shall be made on the balance of the contract when how many percent of
the contract has been completed?

50%

318 No payment shall be made on contracts in excess of how many percent of the contract price.

65%

319 The guarantee bond is equal to how many percent of the contract price?

30%

317

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PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
320

How many percent of the architect's fee is payable to the architect upon completion of the
preparation of the schematic design phase and up to final design development phase?

321 Standard factor computed for changes and/or revisions made on completed contracts.

30%

2.5

322

Approximately, how many square meters of office space for the architect is built by the
contractor as temporary facilities for the project.

323

All trees and other plants that need to be transplanted elsewhere within ___ meters shall be
done by the ___ at his own expense.

50 / Contractor

324

If there is a variance/discrepancy between the drawings and specifications, what shall be

followed?

Specifications

325

How many days prior to bidding shall the contractor seek the architect's clarification as to
the particular areas of work which requires evaluation of the architect?

15 Days

326

How many days upon written notice can a contractor terminate a contract with a valid
reason?

15 Days

327

Suspension of work for ___ days by order of any court or other public authority through no
act or fault of the contractor gives the him the right to terminate contract.

90 Days

328

True or false, the contractor can terminate contract if the owner should fail to pay the
contractor any sum within 15 days after its award by arbitration

False (30 days)

329

True or false, the contractor can terminate contract if the owner should fail to act upon any
request for payment within 30 days after its certification by the architect.

False (15 days)

330 Who declares bankruptcy as a valid reason for the termination of a contract?

True or false, upon termination of contract and upon the decision of the architect that
331 materials and equipment left by the contractor which do not belong to him can be used and
rent of such shall be borne by the failing contractor.

12 sqm.

Contractor

TRUE

332

True or false, in case of suspension of work, all unpaid work executed including expenses
incurred during suspension shall be evaluated by the architect and charged to the owner.

TRUE

333

True or false, the owner has no right to claim liquidated damages if he takes over the work
from the contractor for failure to complete the project.

FALSE

334

How many days prior to canceling an insurance be given to the owner stipulating the
intention to cancel?

10 days

335 How many percent of the contract amount is the Performance Bond?

15%

336 How many percent of the contract amount is the Payment Bond?

15%

337 A contract provision setting forth the damages a party must pay in the event of his breach.

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Penalty Clause

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
338

Basic Fee for Physical Planning Type 1 or site such as industrial estates, commercial
centers, sports complex, resorts, etc.

5,000 for First 50

Hectares

339 Predecessor of PD 1096

R.A. 6451

340 What presidential decree institutionalized the profession of environmental planning?

PD 1308

341 It is a right enforceable against specific property to secure payment of an obligation.

Liens

342 Minimum basic fee for simple projects.

6%

343 Minimum basic fee for alterations/renovations.

50%

344

When the architect is engaged to render opinion or advise, clarification or explanation on

technical matters pertaining to his profession, the minimum basic fee shall be ___.

200 / hr

345 When rendering service as an expert witness, the architect is compensated ___/ hr.

500

346 Minimum basic fee for Group 5 Projects (monumental).

12%

347 What is Group 6 Project classification?

Repetitive Construction

348 Minimum Basic fee for housing projects.

10% of 1st unit / 60%

2nd-10th Unit / 30% 11th
and above

349 Under what classification of Project does Hospitals and Medical Buildings fall?

Group 3 (Exceptional
Character)

350 Under what classification of Project does Stadium fall?

Group 3 (Exceptional
Character)

351 Minimum Per diem paid to the architect if work is beyond 50 kms. From office.

352 On the remaining 15% work fee of the architect, where does the 5% go.

353

Repairs and corrective works at the expense of the contractor should be done within how
many days after written notice by owner?

Failure on the part of the contractor to remove condemned work shall give the owner right to
354 remove said work at contractor's exepense and contractor shall pay the owner the expenses
incurred within how many days from removal by the owner of said work?

355 Contract time reckoning shall commence on the ___ from receipt of ___.

24/28

PHP 750.00
Construction Phase
Service
5 days

10 days

7th day / Notice to

Proceed

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
356 An area of a city where municipal buildings are grouped.

Civic Center

357

Any article of property not consisting of or affixed to land plus any interest in land that is less
than a freehold.

358

No person who is not a citizen of the Philippines may take the board exams or practice the
profession unless the country of his relation allows the same ___.

Reciprocity

359

AGREEMENT / GENERAL CONDITIONS / SPECIAL PROVISIONS / SPECIFICATIONS /

DRAWINGS

CONTRACT
DOCUMENTS

360 full time construction inspector

PROJECT REP.

361 offer of the bidder to perform the work

362

Chattel

PROPOSAL

cashier's check or surety bond with proposal submitted by the bidder that he will enter in the
contract with the owner

PROPOSAL BOND (5%)

363 approved form of the contractor and his surety to execute the work

PERFORMANCE BOND
(15%)

364 approved form of the contractor and his surety to pay all obligations

PAYMENT BOND

365 guarantee to the quality of materials and equipment installed

366

contract between the owner and the contractor; including all supplemental agreements
thereto and all general and special provisions

367 invitaton issued to prospective bidders, giving information to the project

368 additional information on contract documents

369

AGREEMENT

INVITATION TO BID

BID BULLETIN

list of instructions stipulating the manner on how bids are to be prepared and conditions for
the award of contract

370 graphical representation of the work involved in the project

371 printed materials stipulating the procedural and adminitrative aspects of contract

372

GUARANTEE BOND

instruction which may be issued prior to the bidding to supplement and or modify drawings,
specifications and general conditions

written or printed description of work to be done describing the qualities of materials and
373 mode of construction additional information which may be issued as an additon or
ammendment to the provisions of specifications
374 outline specification enumerating the type or trade names of materials to be used

25/28

INSTRUCTION TO
BIDDERS
DRAWINGS

GENERAL CONDITIONS

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

SPECIFICATIONS
SCHED. OF MATERIALS
AND FINISHES

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
listing of the different parts of the work indicating in each part the corresponding value in
375
materials and labor; including allowance for profit and overhead

BREAKDOWN OF
WORK AND
CORRESPONDING
VALUE

376 information advice or notification pertinent to the project delivered.

WRITTEN NOTICE

377 earthquake, flood, typhoon, catalysmic phenomena of nature

ACT OF GOD OR
FORCE MAJEURE

378 duration of time allowed by the contractor for the completion of the project

379 labor or materials or both as well as equipment, transportation or other facilities

TIME LIMITS

WORK

380 purchase or fabricate

FURNISH

381 build in, mount in position, connect or apply any object specified ready for the intended used

INSTALL

382 furnish and install

PROVIDE

the cashier's check or bidders bond accompanying the proposal submitted by the bidders as
383 a guaranty that the bidder will enter into a contract with the owner for the works if the
PROPOSAL / BID BOND
contract with the owner for the works if the contract is awarded to him.

384

a bond furnished by the contractor and his surety as a guarantee to the execution of the
work in accordance with the terns of the contract

385 as a guarantee to the quality for all obligations arising from his contract.

386 for life and property

PERFORMANCE BOND

PAYMENT BOND

INSURANCES

387

as a guarantee to the quality of materials and equipment installed and the workmanship
performed by the contractor.

388

are graphical presentations of the work involved in the project. They include all
supplementary details and shop drawings.

389

are written or printed description of work to be done prescribing qualities of materials and
modes of construction

is the contract covering the performance of the work described in the contract documents
390 including all supplemental agreements thereto all general and special provisions pertaining
to the work materials therefore
drawings, diagrams, illustrations, schedules, performance charts and other data prepared by
391 the contractor which illustrates how specific portions of the work shall be fabricated and/or
installed.
392 precise drawings

GUARANTEE BOND

DRAWINGS

SPECIFICATIONS

AGREEMENT

SHOP DRAWINGS

AS-BUILT DRAWINGS

26/28

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
393

the binding resolution of disputes by one or more neutral persons as a substitute for judicial
proceeding.

ARBITRATION

the notice published by the owner & the invitations issued to prospective bidders giving
394 information as to the nature of the proposed project condition for the issuance of contract
documents & date of bidding

ADVERTISEMENT OR
INVITATION TO BID

395 is additional information on contract documents issued to bidders before date of bidding

BID BULLETIN

396

the list of instructions stipulating the manner on how bids are to be prepared and conditions
for the award of contract

397

are instructions which maybe issued to supplement draeings & general conditions of the
contract

398

a contract provision setting forth the damagesa party must pay in the eventof a breach of the
contract

399 the offer of a bidder to kperform the work describbed by the contractc
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415

27/28

INSTRUCTION TO
BIDDERS
SPECIAL PROVISION

PENALTY CLAUSE

PROPOSAL

PREPARED BY
ALEXANDER SANDRES
PROFL.PRACTICE REVIEWER
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440

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