199+ IES Civil questions with answers for IES 2014

The radial splits which are wider on the outside of the log and narrower towards
the pith are known as
star shakes
annular rings
cup shakes
heart shakes
Answer annular rings

Consider the following distinguishing characteristics of hardwood :1.They have

distinct annular rings.
2.They are not resinous.Which of these characteristics of hardwood is/are
correct?
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
Answer Both 1 and 2

Consider the following statements on the specific gravity of wood : 1.It is always
greater than 2.
2.It is less than 1.
3.It is not dependent upon temperature and equilibrium moisture content.
4.It is dependent upon type of species.
1,2,3 and 4
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
Answer 2 and 4 only

The age of a log of timber can be estimated by

diameter of pith

 thickness of bark
number of annular rings
number of medullary rays
Answer number of annular rings

Consider the following statements : Seasoning of timber results in

1.increased strength
2.increased durability
3.reduced resilience
4.increased dimensional stability
Which of these statements are correct?
1,2 and 4
1,2 and 3
1,3 and 4
2,3 and 4
Answer 1,2 and 4

Consider the following statements : Perforated bricks are preferred in

construction since
1.they are lighter
2.they are stronger than class I bricks
3.they have heat-insulating properties
4.they are cheaper and need less mortar
Which of these statements are correct?
1,2,3 and 4
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
3 and 4 only
Answer 1 and 3 only

The standard size of a brick is

20cm x 10cm x 10 cm
19cm x 9cm x 9cm

 18cm x 9cm x 9cm

18cm x 10cm x 10 cm
Answer 19cm x 9cm x 9cm

Consider the following statements : More than 6% magnesium oxide by weight in

cement results in
1.high early strength and high heat generation
2.less tendency towards volume change and formation of cracks
Which of these statements is/are correct?
1 only
2 only
Neither 1 nor 2
Both 1 and 2
Answer Neither 1 nor 2

Fineness of cement is measured in the units of

volume / mass
mass / volume
area / mass
mass / area
Answer area / mass

The initial setting time of cement depends most on

tricalcium aluminate
tricaleium silicate
tricalcium aluminoferrite
dicalcium silicate
Answer tricalcium aluminate

Consider the following statements :Sand in cement mortar is used for

1.increasing the strength
2.reducing the shrinkage
3.decreasing the surface area of the binding material

4.decreasing the quantity of cement

Which of these statements are correct?
1,2 and 4
1,2 and 3
1,3 and 4
2,3 and 4
Answer 1,2 and 3

Consider the following statements : 1.The compressive strength of concrete

decreases with increase in water-cement ratio of the concrete mix.
2.Water is added to the concrete mix for hydration of cement and workability.
3.Creep and shrinkage of concrete are independent of the water-cement ratio in
the concrete mix.
Which of these statements are correct?
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1,2 and 3
Answer 1 and 2 only

According to the Indian Standard Specifications, concrete should be cured under

a humidity of
90%
80%
70%
60%
Answer 90%

Consider the following statements : In a typical compression test with a

cylindrical concrete specimen,failure is initiated by
1.crushing in compression
2.inclined shear failure

3.longitudinal tensile cracks

Which of these statements is/are correct?
1 only
2 only
3 only
1,2 and 3
Answer 2 only

If one intends to obtain the best workability of concrete,the preferred shape of

aggregate is
round
annular
triangular
flinty
Answer round

Consider the following statements : as regards rheology of concrete :

1.It deals with strength of concrete,
2.It deals with deformation in concrete.
3.It is the study of deformation and flow of concrete.
4.It deals with rate of shear and shear stress in concrete.
Which of these statements are correct?
1,2, 3 and 4
3 and 4 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
Answer 1,2, 3 and 4

Consider the following for durability of well-graded concrete : 1.The environment

2.Cover to embedded reinforcement
3.Shape and size of concrete member
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only

 2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Answer 1, 2 and 3

Consider the common methods related to testing of concrete 1.Consistency

2.Compacting factor
3.Vee-Bee
4.Setting time
5.Slump
Which of these methods refer to measuring workability of concrete?
1,2 and 3
1,2 and 5
2,3 and 4
2,3 and 5
Answer 2,3 and 5

Gypsum is added into the raw materials during manufacture of cement so that
the final product exhibits
retarded initial setting time
improved mouldability for cornices, etc.
increased compressive strength
augmented bond strength
Answer retarded initial setting time

If a material has identical elastic properties in all directions, it is said to be

elastic
isotropic
orthotropic
homogeneous
Answer isotropic

If
A = Cross-sectional area

E = Youngs modulus of elasticity

G = Modulus of rigidity
I = Moment of inertia
J = Polar moment of inertia
then torsional rigidity is given by
AE
GE
EI
GJ
Answer GJ

If a material has identical elastic properties in all directions, it is said to be

elastic
isotropic
orthotropic
homogeneous
Answer isotropic

Two circular mild steel bars A and B of equal lengths 1 have diameters dA = 2 cm
and dB = 3 cm. Each is subjected to a tensile load of magnitude P.The ratio of the
elongations of the bars 1A / 1B is
2/3
3/4
4/9
9/4
Answer 9/4

In a two-dimensional stress system,the radius of the Mohrs circle represents

maximum normal stress
minimum normal stress
minimum shear stress
maximum shear stress

Answer maximum shear stress

Steel has proportionality limit of 300 MPa in simple tension. It is subjected to

principal stresses of 120 MPa (tensile), 60 MPa (tensile) and 30 MPa
(compressive). What is the factor of safety according to maximum stress theory?
1.5
1.75
1.8
2.0
Answer 2.0

The polar moment of inertia of the cross-section of the member is required to

assess the strength of the member in
bending
torsion
axial force
shear
Answer torsion

A cylindrical shell of 100cm diameter made of mild steel plate is to be subjected

to an internal pressure of 10 kg/cm 2 .If the material yields at a stress of
200kg/cm2, assuming factor of safety as 4 and using maximum principal stress
theory, the requisite thickness of the plate will be
8 mm
10 mm
12 mm
15 mm
Answer 10 mm

Determine the number of impellers required for a multistage pump to lift 3840
liters per minute against a total head of 80 m at a speed of 700 r.p.m.,given that
the limiting N for each impeller is 700 units.
6

 5
4
3
Answer 5

A 20 cm centrifugal pump delivers 13.2 lps at a head of 45 m when running at a

speed of 1350 r.p.m. A similarly designed pump of 15 cm size runs at the same
speed. What are the most likely values of discharge and delivery head serviced by
this second pump?
5.57 lps and 25.3 m
7.20 Ips and 25.3 in
8.27 Ips and 27.8 m
8.27lps and 29.4 m
Answer 5.57 lps and 25.3 m

A linked bar chart is an improvement over a conventional bar chart,because

1.resources for individual activities can be planned
2.floats will be available for utilization as needed
3.milestone events need not be specifically monitored. Which of these is/are
correct?
1,2 and 3
3 only
2 only
1 only
Answer 1,2 and 3

In PERT analysis, the time estimates of activities and probability of their

occurrence follow
beta distribution
gamma distribution
normal distribution
Poissons distribution

Answer beta distribution

A sewer of 400mm diameter and slope 1 in 400,running half-full, has a flow

velocity of 0.82m/sec. What velocity of flow will be obtained if the slope is made 1
in 100?
3.28m/s
1.64 m/s
0.82m/s
0.41m/s
Answer 1.64 m/s

A simply supported beam is considered as a deep beam if the ratio of effective

span to overall depth is less than
1
2
3
4
Answer 2

The minimum grade of reinforced concrete in seawater as per IS 456-2000 is

M 15
M 20
M 30
M 40
Answer M 30

Torsion reinforcement provided at the corners of a two-way slab

distributes bending moment uniformly
prevents corners from lifting
controls cracking at corners
does not allow any twist at corners
Answer controls cracking at corners

 A concrete beam of rectangular cross-section of 200 mm x 400 mm is pre

stressed with a force of 400kN at an eccentricity of 100 mm. The maximum
compressive stress in the concrete is
12.5N/mm2
7.5 N/mm2
5.0 N/mm2
2.5 N/mm2
Answer 12.5N/mm2

Consider the following statements : Pre stressing in concrete can be done

1.by means of hydraulic jacks
2.by means of thermal methods
3.by means of support dis-placement
4.by the use of expanding cement
Which of these statements are correct?
1,2 and 3 only
1,3 and 4 only
2,3 and 4 only
1,2, 3 and 4
Answer 1,2, 3 and 4

The percentage loss of pre stress due to anchorage slip of 3mm in a concrete
beam of length 30 m which is post tensioned by a tendon with an initial stress of
1200N/mm2 and modulus of elasticity equal to 2.1 x 105 N/mm2, is
0.0175
0.175
1.75
17.5
Answer 1.75

Consider the following statements for longitudinal reinforcement in a RC

member to resist earthquake force : 1.The tension steel ratio on any section shall
not be less than .24 multiplied by square root of fck divided by fy

2.There shall be two bars at top as well as bottom of the member throughout.
3.The`positive steel at a joint face must be at least equal to half the `negative
steel at that face. Which of these statements are correct?
I and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1,2 and 3
Answer 1,2 and 3

The most suitable type of equipment for compaction of cohesive soils is

smooth-wheeled roller
vibratory roller
sheepsfoot roller
tamper
Answer sheepsfoot roller

For excavating rocks, the most suitable equipment is

dragline
power shovel
clamshell
hoe
Answer power shovel

When a pump primes and works but not up to its capacity and pressure,the
attributable reasons are as follows : 1.Speed may be too low.
2.Suction lift is too high.
3.Total static head is much higher than as designed.
4.Foot valve has been removed. Which of these reasons can be valid?
1,2, 3 and 4
1,2 and 4 only
2,3 and 4 only
1,2 and 3 only

Answer 1,2, 3 and 4

For heavy vibrating loads in industrial buildings,the roof trusses are provided
with

diagonal bracing in the plane of lower chord members

diagonal bracing in the plane of upper chord members
knee bracing
sway bracing

Answer knee bracing

Which of the following elements of a pitched roof industrial steel building

primarily resists lateral load parallel to the ridge?
Bracing
Purlin
Truss
Column
Answer Purlin

Purlins are to be chosen for a roof truss of 20 m span, 4 m rise.Trusses are spaced
at 4.5m center-to-centre.A most efficient design results from the use of
angle sections
channel sections
circular hollow sections
square hollow sections
Answer channel sections

A column is effectively held in position and restrained in direction at one end but
is free at the other end. If the actual length is L.The effective length is
0.67L
L
1.5L
2L
Answer 2L

 Consider the following statements : 1.Modulus of elasticity of concrete increases

with the increase in compressive strength of concrete.
2.Shear strength of concrete increases with the increase in compressive strength
of concrete.Which of these statements is/are correct?
Neither I nor 2
Both 1 and 2
1 only
2 only
Answer Both 1 and 2

Grade of steel is designated as Fe 415, if

the upper yield stress of the steel is 415 N/mm2
the ultimate stress of the steel is 415 N/mm2
the partial safety factor is 1.15
the characteristic strength is 415 N/mm2
Answer the characteristic strength is 415 N/mm2

The maximum safe permissible limit of sulphates in domestic water supply is

100 mg/ L
200 mg/ L
500 mg/L
600 mg/ L
Answer 200 mg/ L

If a two-way slab is found to be unsafe in shear, then the preferred remedy is

to provide shear stirrups
to increase the flexural reinforcement by 15%
to increase the thickness of the slab adequately
to increase the distribution reinforcement in edge strips
Answer to increase the thickness of the slab adequately

 The development length in compression for a 20 mm diameter deformed bar of

grade Fe 415 embedded in concrete of grade M 25, whose design bond stress is
1.40N/mm2, is
1489 mm
1289 mm
806 mm
645 mm
Answer 645 mm

Magnitudes of minimum reinforcement recommended for reinforced concrete

using mild steel in slabs/columns are
0.15% / 0.60%
0.25% / 0.80%
0.50% / 1.00%
0.15% / 0.80%
Answer 0.15% / 0.80%

Which of the following assumptions is/are implied in the table listing moment
coefficients for continuous slabs? 1.Load is distributed uniformly along supports.
2.Mid-span deflections in orthogonal directions are the same
3.Load distribution along each support is triangular.
4.Support moment is about 1.5 times the span moment.
1,2, 3 and 4
2 only
3 only
4 only
Answer 2 only

In an isolated reinforced concrete column footing of effective depth d,the stress

in punching shear is checked
at the center of the column
at the face of the column
at a distance d /2 away from the face of the column

 at a distance d /2 away from the center of the column

Answer at a distance d /2 away from the face of the column

The additional cover thickness to be provided in reinforced concrete members

that are totally immersed in seawater is
25 mm
30 mm
35 mm
40 mm
Answer 40mm

A simply supported beam has an effective span of 16m. What shall be the limiting
ratio of span to effective depth as per IS 456-2000 ?
26
20
12.5
7
Answer 12.5

According to maximum shear stress failure theory, yielding occurs in the material
when
maximum shear stress = yield stress
maximum shear stress = 2 times yield stress
maximum shear stress = half of yield stress
maximum shear stress = 4 times yield stress
Answer maximum shear stress = half of yield stress

For the design of a cast iron member, the most appropriate theory of failure is
Mohrs theory
Rankines theory
maximum stress theory
maximum shear energy theory

Answer Rankines theory

A simply supported beam of span L carries a concentrated load W at its midspan. If the width b of the beam is constant throughout the span,then, with
permissible stress as a, the depth of the beam at mid-span will be
3WL/2bsigma
square root of 3WL/2bsigma
6WL/2bsigma
square root of 6WL/2bsigma
Answer square root of 3WL/2bsigma

Out of the two beams of the same material and same cross-sectional area, one is
of circular cross-section and the other is of square cross-section. If each of these
is subjected to bending moment of the same magnitude, then
both sections would be equally strong
both sections would be equally economical
square section would be more economical than circular section
square section would be less economical than circular section
Answer square section would be more economical than circular section

A rectangular beam of width 100 mm is subjected to a maximum shear force of

60 kN. The corresponding maximum shear stress in the cross-section is 4
N/mm2. The depth of the beam should be
200 mm
150 mm
100 mm
225 mm
Answer 225 mm

In a circular shaft of diameter d,subjected to a torque r,the maximum shear stress

induced is
proportional to d3
proportional to d4

 inversely proportional to d3
inversely proportional to d4
Answer inversely proportional to d3

Which of the following terms represents the torque corresponding to a twist of

one radian in a shaft over its unit length?
Torsional stress
Torsional rigidity
Flexural rigidity
Moment of resistance
Answer Torsional rigidity

If a shaft is turning at N r.p.m. and the mean torque to which the shaft is
subjected is T N-m, the power transmitted by the shaft in kW would be
2piNT/45000
2piNT/60000
2piNT/30000
2piNT/33000
Answer 2piNT/60000

The polar modulus of a circular shaft of diameter d is

pi*d*d*d/16
pi*d*d*d/32
pi*d*d*d/64
pi*d*d/32
Answer pi*d*d*d/16

If a shaft rotates at 100 r.p.m. and is subjected to a torque of 3000 N-m, the
power transmitted in kW would be
30pi
15pi
20pi
10pi

Answer 10pi

A bar AB of diameter 40 mm and 4 m long is rigidly fixed at its ends.A torque

600 N-m is applied at a section of the bar, 1 m from end A.The fixing couples TA
and TB at the supports A and B, respectively are
200 N-rn and 400 N-rn
300 N-rn and 150 N-rn
450 N-rn and 150 N-rn
300 N-m and 100 N-rn
Answer 450 N-rn and 150 N-rn

The maximum number of unknown forces that can be determined in a concurrent

coplanar force system under equilibrium is
2
3
6
1
Answer 2

If a cantilever beam of span L and flexural rigidity EI carries a moment M at the

free end, the deflection at that end is
ML/24EI
MLL/12EI
ML/6EI
MLL/2EI
Answer MLL/2EI

The maximum bending moment under a particular point load among a train of
point loads crossing a simply supported girder occurs when that load is
at mid-span
at one-third span
at one-quarter span

 so placed that the load point and the point of CG of the train of loads are
equidistant from the mid-span
Answer so placed that the load point and the point of CG of the train of loads are equidistant from the
mid-span

A uniformly distributed load of length 8 m crosses a simply supported girder of

span 20 m. The maximum bending moment at the left quarter-span point occurs
when the distance between the point of CG of the total load and mid-span is
2m
3m
4m
0m
Answer 2m

Consider the following statements : 1.The principle of superposition will hold

good for the analysis of linear structural systems only.
2.The stress in a structural member due to several applied forces is the sum of the
effects due to each of such forces,applied one at a time, only if the Hookes law
holds good.
3.Internal stresses may not be caused resulting from lack of fit of a structural
member. Which of these statements are correct?
1,2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Answer 1 and 2 only

Consider the following statements 1.A properly constrained rigid system has
several degrees of freedom.
2.The number of degrees of freedom of a locomotive moving on a railway track is
only two.
3.A floating ship has six degrees of freedom. Which of these statements is/are
correct?

1,2 and 3
3 only
2 only
1 only

Answer 3 only

A suspension bridge with a two-hinged stiffening girder is statically

determinate
indeterminate to 1 degree
indeterminate to 2 degree
indeterminate to 3 degree
Answer determinate

The moment required to rotate the near end of a prismatic beam through unit
angle without translation, when the far end is fixed, is
EI/L
2EI/L
3EI/L
4EI/L
Answer 4EI/L

The Muller-Breslau principle in structural analysis is used for

drawing influence line diagram for any force function
superimposition of load effects
writing virtual work equation
None of the above
Answer drawing influence line diagram for any force function

Consider the following parameters with regards to slenderness ratio of a

compression member : 1.Material
2.Sectional configuration
3.Length of member

4.Support end conditions On which of these parameters does the slenderness

ratio of a compression member depend?
1,2 and 3 only
1,3 and 4 only
2,3 and 4 only
1,2,3 and 4
Answer 2,3 and 4 only

Two equal angles, each being ISA 100 mm x 100 mm of thickness 10 mm, are
placed back-to-back and connected to either side of a gusset plate through a
single row of 16mm diameter rivets in double shear. The effective areas of the
connected and unconnected legs of each of these angles are 775 mm 2 and 950
mm2 respectively. If these angles are not tack-riveted, the net effective area of
this pair of angles is
3650 mm2
3450 mm 2
3076 mm2
2899 mm2
Answer 2899 mm2

When the effect of wind or earthquake load is taken into account in the design of
a riveted connection,the permissible stresses in rivets may be exceeded by
16.66%
33.33%
25%
50%
Answer 25%

A mild steel flat subjected to a tensile force of 840 kN is connected to a gusset

plate using rivets. If the permissible forces required per
pitch length(i) to shear a single rivet, (ii) to crush the rivet and (iii) to tear the
plate are50 kN,80 kN and 60 kN respectively, then the
number of rivets required is

12
14
16
17

Answer 17

The effective throat thickness of a fillet weld depends upon

angle between fusion faces
length of weld
permissible shear stress
type of weld
Answer angle between fusion faces

When the load line coincides with the centroid of the rivet group, the rivets are
subjected to
shear only
tension only
bending only
shear as well as tension
Answer shear only

A column member of length I which cannot sway has a rigid foundation at its
bottom. Its top is held with heavy beams. The effective length of the column is
1.51
1.01
0.81
0.651
Answer 0.651

Through which of the following responses may a steel tubular hinged strut fail?
1.Compression
2.Bending
3.Overall buckling

4.Torsion
5.Skin buckling
2,4 and 5
1,2 and 3
3,4 and 5
1,3 and 5
Answer 1,3 and 5

An ISMB 500 is used as a beam in a multistorey construction. From the

viewpoint of structural design,it can be considered to be laterally restrained when
the tension flange is laterally restrained
the compression flange is laterally restrained
the web is adequately stiffened
the conditions in both (a) and (c) are met
Answer the compression flange is laterally restrained

A steel column pinned at both ends has a buckling load of 200 M. If the column is
restrained against lateral movement at its mid-height,its buckling load will be
200 kN
283 kN
400 kN
800 kN
Answer 800 kN

Consider the following provisions to possibly improve the shear capacity of a steel
girder : 1.Horizontal stiffeners
2.Vertical stiffeners
3.Column splice
4.Bearing stiffeners Which of these are correct?
1,2,3 and 4
3 and 4 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only

Answer 1 and 2 only

In a steel plate girder, the web plate is connected to the flange plates by fillet
welding. The size of fillet welds is designed to safely resist
the bending stresses in the flanges
the vertical shear force at the section
the horizontal shear forces between the flanges and the web plate
the forces causing buckling in the web
Answer the horizontal shear forces between the flanges and the web plate

Deflection limitations over beams are imposed because excessive deflection may
cause
undesirable twisting and distortion of end connections
problems in drainage system
psychological effect on users
All of the above
Answer All of the above

In laced columns, end tie-plates are provided to

check the buckling of column
keep the column components in position
check the distortion of column sections at ends because unbalanced
horizontal for from lacings
prevent rotation of elements
Answer check the distortion of column sections at ends because unbalanced horizontal for from
lacings
Statement (1):
Planks sawn from trees with twisted fibers are stronger than those cut from trees with normal growth.
Statement (II):
Timber from trees with twisted fibers is used straightaway as poles.

 b
c
d
Answer d
Statement (I):
Attention must be extended to the results of the phenomenon of bulking of sand towards ascertaining the water
demand in mortar preparation.
Statement (II):
The total volume of mortar prepared per batch of mix preparation for use-in-work should be mindful of the
initial settling time.

a
b
c
d

Answer b
Statement (I):
The sludge processing utilizes the aerobic digestion in which it is converted to CO2 and methane.
Statement (I1):
The acid-forming bacteria convert the complex organics such as fats,proteins and carbohydrates into organic
fatty acids. The methane-forming bacteria convert organic acids to CO2 and CH4.

a
b
c
d

Answer d
Statement (I):
Timber suitable for tension members is obtained from coniferous trees.
Statement (I1):
Coniferous trees have distinct annular rings and straight grains.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (I):
Closely-graded materials are better than well-graded materials in so far as designs of concrete mixes are
concerned.
Statement (II):
Interparticle spaces must be well-packed densely for resulting in a good mix.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (1):
Finer grinding of cement results in early development of strength.
Statement (II):
Rate of hydration of cement is increased when it is ground finer.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (I):
When plastering on building exteriors, more of coarser particles of sand are used in regions where seasonal
rainfall is often intense
and the total annual rainfall also is relatively more.
Statement (11):

Such type of dhabbah plastering effects the minimization of rainfall impacts resulting in less formation of
mosses and less surface dis colouration but may not reduce seepage to the interior.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (I):
Rainwater is collected and harvested using storage structures like underground tanks for future use and also
for recharging the aquifer.
Statement (II):
Rainwater harvesting pits allow the rainwater to percolate and recharge the aquifer.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (I):
Method of substitution is validly employed in the analysis of member forces in certain geometries of truss
structures.
Statement (II):
It is always easier to analyze determinate truss forms by geometrical diagramming irrespective of conditions at
the support points.

a
b
c
d

Answer d

 A rectangular tank 10 m x 5 m in plan and 3 in deep is divided by a partition wall

parallel to the shorter wall of the tank. One of the compartments contains water
to a depth of 3 in, and the other a lighter liquid of specific gravity 0.75 to a depth
of 2 m. The resultant pressure thrust on the partition wall is
1000 kg
1500 kg
2000 kg
2500 kg
Answer 1500 kg

The thickness of the laminar boundary layer over a flat plate at two different
sections P and Q are 0.8 cm and 2.4 cm respectively. If the section Q is 3.6 m
downstream of P, the distance of section P from the leading edge of
0.32 m
0.22 m
0.40 m
0.53 m
Answer 0.40 m

Consider the following assumptions made in the analysis of a jet impinging

normally on a moving plate to introduce the principle of moment of momentum
1.Friction between jet and plate is neglected.
2.Flow is steady.
3.Impinging momentum of jet is unchanged.
4.Plate moves at a, constant velocity.
Which of these statements are relevant ?
1,2 and 4 only
1,2 and 3 only
2,3 and 4 only
1,2,3 and 4
Answer 1,2 and 4 only

 A high tension cable 5cm in diameter is strung-out between two towers. At a wind
velocity of 22.22 m/s (corresponding Reynolds number being 7.4104) the
frequency of vortex shedding is
100 Hz
9.33Hz
93.3 Hz
10.0Hz
Answer 100 Hz

Consider the following statements in respect of critical flow in a wide rectangular

channel : 1.The specific energy is minimum for a given discharge.
2.The discharge is maximum for a given specific energy.
3.The specific force is minimum for a given discharge.
4.The Froude number is equal to unity. Which of these statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3 only
1,2,3 and 4
1,2 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only
Answer 1,2,3 and 4

For a hydraulically efficient rectangular channel of bed width 4.0 m, the depth of
flow is
4m
0.5 m
1m
2m
Answer 2 m

The velocity with which an elementary surge wave can travel upstream in a
channel with depth y = 1.6 m and velocity V = 2.4 m/s is(Take g = 10 m/s2)
16 m/s
13.6 m/s
2.4 m/s

 1.6 m/s
Answer 1.6 m/s

The pressure drop in a 30cm diameter horizontal pipe is 60 kPa in a distance of

16 m. The wall shear stress in kPa is
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Answer 0.3

Consider the following statements in respect of steady laminar flow through a

circular pipe : 1.Shear stress is zero on the central axis of the pipe.
2.Discharge varies directly with the viscosity of the fluid.
3.Velocity is maximum at the centre of the pipe.
4.Hydraulic gradient varies as the square of the mean velocity of flow. Which of
these statements are correct ?
1,2, 3 and 4
1and 3 only
2 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
Answer 1and 3 only

Let C1 be the velocity of pressure wave traveling along rigid pipe carrying water
with its bulk modulus 2.16 x 109 N/m2. Let C2 be the velocity of pressure wave
traveling along a rigid pipe carrying oil of relative density 0.600 with its bulk
modulus as 1.296x109N/m2 through a similar pipe.
What will be the ratio C1/C2?
0.01
0.1
1.0
10.0

Answer 1.0

The velocity of pressure wave in water of infinite extent is 1414m/s. The velocity
of propagation of water hammer pressure in a pipe carrying water and having
diameter =40cm,pipe thickness=4mm, with E(Modulus of elasticity) of the pipe
material =2.110 to the power 11 Pa, and K(Bulk modulus of water) = 2.1 x 10 to
the power 9 Pa, is
1410 m/s
2000 m/s
1000 m/s
700 m/s
Answer 1000 m/s

Consider the following statements : Air vessels are fitted on the suction and
delivery sides of a reciprocating pump to
1.Achieve higher speed without separation.
2.Reduce work in overcoming frictional resistance.
3.Avoid excessive vibration permanently.
4.Have nearly uniform discharge. Which of these statements are correct ?
1,2 and 4 only
1,2 and 3 only
2,3 and 4 only
1,2, 3 and 4
Answer 1,2, 3 and 4

Consider the following statements : 1.The specific speed for turbines is directly
proportional to H to the power 5/4.
2.The specific speed for turbines is inversely proportional to H to the power 5/4.
3.The specific speed for pumps is directly proportional to H to the power 3/4 .
4.The specific speed for pumps is inversely proportional to H to the power 3/4 .
Which of these statements are correct ?
1 and 3
2 and 4
1 and 4

 2 and 3
Answer 2 and 4

A turbine discharging 10 m3/s is to be designed so that a torque of 1600 kg-m is

to be exerted on the impeller turning at 200 rpm under the condition that the
exiting liquid exerts no moment in spite of its momentum. The tangential
component of the velocity at the outer periphery of the impeller of radius 1.0 m is
0-98 m/s
1.57 m/s
2.10 m/s
2.26 m/s
Answer 1.57 m/s

Two Pelton turbines A and B have the same specific speed and are working under
the same head. Turbine A produces 400 kW at 1000 rpm. If turbine B produces
100 kW, then its rpm is
4000
2000
1500
3000
Answer 2000

Consider the following types of turbines : 1.Francis

2.Pelton with a single jet
3.Kaplan The correct sequence of these turbines in increasing order of their
specific speeds is
1,3 and 2
2,1 and 3
1,2 and 3
2,3 and 1
Answer 2,1 and 3

 Which of the following are pertinent to the realization of hydrological cycle ?

1.Latitudinal differences in solar heating of the Earths surface
2.Inclination of the Earths axis
3.Uneven distribution of land and water
4.Coriolis effect
1,2 and 3.only
1,2. and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only
1,2, 3 and 4
Answer 1,2, 3 and 4

The maximum velocity Um,the mean velocity U and shear velocity u in the case of
turbulent flow through circular pipes are
2.5 for rough boundary flow only
5.75 for smooth boundary flow only
3.75 for both smooth and rough boundary flows
5.75 for both smooth and rough boundary flows
Answer 5.75 for both smooth and rough boundary flows

The rainfall on five successive days on a catchment was 3,6,9,5 and 1cm
respectively.If the cp-index for the storm can be assumed to be 3 cm/day, the
total direct runoff from the catchment due to this storm is
11 cm
24 cm
9 cm
20 cm
Answer 11 cm

The excess runoff hydro-graph from a catchment area 10 km square due to a

storm of 6hrs duration has been observed to be triangular in shape.The peak flow
is observed to be 10 m cube/s and the base length is 20 hrs.The rainfall excess in
the catchment is
5.1cm

 3.6cm
4.5 cm
2.5 cm
Answer 3.6cm

Consider the following statements: 1.Over the oceans there is more evaporation
than precipitation.
2.On land it is more precipitation than evaporate-transpiration. Which of these
statements are correct ?
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
1 only
2 only
Answer Both 1 and 2

The hydro-logic risk of a 100-year flood occurring during the 2-year service life of
a project is
9.8%
9.9%
19.9 %
1.99%
Answer 1.99%

The design flood commonly adopted in India for barrages and minor dams is
Probable maximum flood
A flood of 50-100 years return period
Peak flood
Standard project flood or a 100-year flood, whichever is higher
Answer Standard project flood or a 100-year flood, whichever is higher

The Muskingum method of flood routing is a

Form of hydraulic routing of a flood
Form of reservoir routing

 Complete numerical solution of St. Venant equations

Hydrological channel routing method
Answer Hydrological channel routing method

What would be the volume of water stored in a saturated column with a porosity
of 0.35 with a cross-sectional area of 1 m square and depth of 3 m ?
2.0 m cube
0.105 m cube
1.05 m cube
3.0 m cube
Answer 1.05 m cube

The surface joining the static levels in several non-pumping wells penetrating a
continuous confined aquifer represents
Water-table surface
Capillary fringe
Piezometric surface of the aquifer
Physical top surface of the aquifer
Answer Piezometric surface of the aquifer

Two observation wells penetrating into a confined aquifer are located 1500 m
apart in the direction of flow. Heads of 50 in and 25 in are indicated at these two
observation wells.If the coefficient of permeability for the aquifer is 30 m/day
and its porosity is 0.25,the time of travel of an inert tracer from one well to
another is
75 days
750 days
1200 days
3000 days
Answer 750 days

The local scour depth in front of a semicircular shaped rectangular pier having
width equal to W aligned parallel to the flow below the surrounding bed is

2.0 W
1.5W
1.2 W
1W

Answer 2.0 W

Critical shear stress of cohesive sediment

Decreases with the void ratio for a given plasticity index
Increases with the plasticity index for a given void ratio
Increases with shear strength for a given clay content
All of the above
Answer All of the above

A discharge of 72m3/s is to be allowed through siphon spillways of 2 in width and

75 cm depth with working head of 8 m. The number of spillways to be provided
will be(Take coefficient of discharge for the spillways =0.64)
2
4
6
8
Answer 6

Coefficient of permeability of an underground stratum is 0.001m/s.Discharge

obtained from a well of area 20 m2 dug into this stratum (with drawdown of 2 m)
will be
2400 lpm
2000 lpm
1200 lpm
1000 lpm
Answer 1200 lpm

EDTA titration method of hardness determination of water sample uses an

indicator which combines with hardness-causing divalent cations and forms a

coloured complex.The name of the indicator and the colour of the formed
complex respectively are
Ferroin and dark blue
Ferroin and wine red
Eriochrome Black T and dark blue
Eriochrome Black T and wine red
Answer Eriochrome Black T and wine red

Consider the following statements : 1.Carbonate hardness is due to bicarbonates.

2.Non-carbonate hardness is due to sulphates and chlorides of Ca and Mg.
3.Both the hardnesses can be removed by lime-soda method.
4.Both the hardnesses can be removed by ion-exchange method.Which of these
statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3 only
1,2 and 4 only
2,3 and 4 only
1,,2,3 and 4
Answer 1,,2,3 and 4

If the velocity of flow as well as the diameter of the flowing pipe are respectively
doubled through a pipe system in use since long, the head loss will thereafter be
Halved
Doubled
Increased 4 times
No change
Answer Doubled

Consider the following statements : The total head against which a pump has to
work must include, besides any other items,
1.the suction lift.
2.the delivery head.
3.the head lost due to friction at entrance in the rising main.

4.the head lost due to friction at exit in the rising main. Which of these
statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1,2,3 and 4
3 and 4 only
Answer 1,2,3 and 4

A sewer has a diameter of 300 mm and slope of 1 in 400. While running full it has
a mean velocity of 0.7m/s.If both the diameter and slope are doubled(to
respectively be 600 mm and 1 in 200), what will be the changed mean velocity
when running half-full? Use Mannings formula.
1.59 m/s
2.80 m/s
0.90 m/s
1.00 m/s
Answer 1.59 m/s

A sample of sewage is estimated to have a 5 day 20C BOD of 250 mg/l. If the test
temperature be 30C,in how many days will the same value of BOD be obtained ?
1.5days
2.5 days
3.3 days
7.5 days
Answer 3.3 days

The most common constituents of alkalinity in natural water are measured by

titrating the water sample with 0-.2 N H2SO4 using
Eriochrome Black T and Ferroin indicators
Ferroin and Phenolphthalein indicators
Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange indicators
Methyl Orange and Eriochrome- Black T indicators

Answer Phenolphthalein and Methyl Orange indicators

Consider the following statements : The time of BOD assimilation in a stream can
be affected by
1.Ratio of stream depth to flow width.
2.Stream BOD value.
3.BOD rate constant.
Which of these statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3
1and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Answer 2 and 3 only

It takes 0.4 hrs to drive from the garage to the head of the route, 0-4 hrs to drive
between the route head and disposal site and 0-25 hrs to return from the disposal
site. It takes 0-2 hrs to offload a truck at the disposal site. The crew is permitted
two 15-minute breaks and a further 30 minutes for miscellaneous delays.If two
runs are made to the deposit site each day, how much time is left in an 8-hr
nominal duty duration for refuse collection before starting to return to garage
from disposal site ? Take loading time as 30 minutes.
4.15 hrs
4.25 hrs
4.75 hrs
4.85 hrs
Answer 4.15 hrs

Which of the following factors contribute to formation of photochemical smog ?

1.Stable atmosphere
2.NOx
3.Solar insolation
4.CO
1,2,3 and 4
2,3 and 4 only

 1 and 4 only
1,2 and 3 only
Answer 1,2 and 3 only

Environmental impact assessment includes

Environmental statement
Environmental management plan
Risk and hazard assessment and mitigation
All of the above
Answer All of the above

The natural water content of the soil sample was found to be 40%,specific gravity
is 2.7 and void ratio 1.2 then the degree of saturation of the soil will be
100%
69%
87%
90%
Answer 90%

The porosity of a soil sample having its void ratio equal to unity would be
33.33%
60.0%
66.66%
75.0%
Answer 60.0%

The porosity of a certain soil sample was found to be 80% and its specific gravity
was 2.7 the critical hydraulic gradient will be estimated as
0.34
0.92
1.0
1.5

Answer 0.34

Consider the following statements

1.Organic matter decreases the permeability of a soil
2.Entrapped air decreases the permeability of a soil. Which of these statements
are correct?
1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
Answer Both 1 and 2

Consider the following statements : 1.For a saturated soil, Skemptons Bparameter is nearly equal to unity.
2.For an undisturbed sensitive clay, the stress-slain curve shows a peak:
3.Interlocking contributes significantly to the shearing strength in case of dense
sand. Which of these statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Answer 1,2 and 3

Consider the following statements : 1.Mathematically speaking, the time takenfor

100% consolidation is infinite.
2.The time factor for a particular average degree of consolidation depends upon
the distribution of initial excess hydrostatic pressure.
3.Secondary consolidation obeys Terzaghis one-dimensional theory of
consolidation. Which of these statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only

Answer 1 and 2 only

For the determination of shear strength parameters, a and b, of soil in the

laboratory,the test to be conducted will be
Triaxial compression test
Sieve analysis
Compaction test
Relative density test
Answer Triaxial compression test

The field density and field moisture content of a soil can be determined by 1.Core
cutter method
2.Sand replacement method
3.Proctor compaction test
4.Modified proctor compaction test
1, 2,3 and 4
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
2 and 4 only
Answer 1 and 2 only

Consider the following statements : 1.Friction piles are also called floating piles.
2.Minimum number of piles to qualify as a pile group is three.
3.The group efficiency of a pile group may be either less than 100% or more than
100%. Which of these statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Answer 1,2 and 3

Consider the following statements relating to foundations on expansive soils :

1.Strength should be improved and compressibility should be reduced.

2.Compressibility should be increased.

3.No stabilization should be done.Which of these statements is/are correct ?
1,2 and 3
2 only
1 only
3 only
Answer 1 only

Consider the following statements : 1.Buried service lines should be avoided in an

expansive soil region.
2.A swelling pressure less than 20 kN/m2 is not of much consequence.
3.If soil is not black in colour, it is unlikely to be an expansive soil.Which of these
statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Answer 1 and 2 only

If the whole circle bearing is 31520, its quadrantal bearing would be

S 36 30 W
N4440W
N 57 24 W
S 60 40 W
Answer N4440W

If the observed fore-bearing of a line xy is 16 26, the back bearing of this line is
103 26
118 36
196 26
206 26
Answer 196 26

 The sub-tense tacheometry method is adopted when the ground is

Flat
Inclined
Undulating
A water-body
Answer A water-body

In an instrument, the bubble tube with divisions of 1mm and a radius of 0.9m has
the sensitivity of
1/2
1/70
1/90
1/900
Answer 1/900

R.L. of floor at a building is 74.4m, staff reading on the floor is 1.625 and staff
reading when it is held inverted with bottom touching the ceiling of a hall is
2.870 then the heightof the ceiling above the floor is
3.593 m
3.953 m
4.495 m
4.594 m
Answer 4.495 m

Consider the following preconditions for correct use of a theodolite : 1.The

vertical axis need not be perpendicular to the plane of the plate level bubble.
2.The line of sight must be perpendicular to the horizontal axis.
3.The axis of the level tube attached to the telescope need not be parallel to the
line of sight.
4.The vertical axis, the horizontal was and the line of sight should all pass
through a point known as stadia centre.Which of these conditions is/are
necessary ?
1,2,3 and 4

 2 only
3 only
1 and 4 only
Answer 1 and 4 only

A contour may be defined as an imaginary line passing through

Points on the longitudinal section
Points of equal elevation
Point of equal local ground slope
Points of transverse section surveys
Answer Points of equal elevation

A closed contour line with two or more higher contours inside it will represent a
Depression
Hill
Cave
Well
Answer Hill

When compared with the co-latitude of the place of observation, the declination
of a circumpolar star is always,
Lesser
Greater
Equal
Either lesser or equal
Answer Equal

Regarding plane-table survey, which of the following statements does not hold ?
All the plotting work including contouring can be done in the field
It is quite suitable for small scale surveys
Less number of control points are required
It can be done in all seasons

Answer It can be done in all seasons

In a plane-table survey, the process of determining the plotted position of a

station occupied by the plane-table by means of sights taken towards known
points, the locations of which have already been plotted, is known as
Radiation
Resection
Intersection
Traversing
Answer Resection

The plotting of inaccessible points in a plane-table survey can be done by the

method of
Interpolation
Radiation
Intersection
Traversing
Answer Intersection

Total float in a planning network is

Late start time Early start time
Early start time Late start time
Late start time Late finish time
Late finish time Early finish time
Answer Late start time Early start time

An ideal horizontal transition curve is a

Parabola
Circle
Clothoid spiral
Hyperbola
Answer Clothoid spiral

 The transitional property of a lemniscate curve is disrupted when its deflection

angle is around
30
45
60
90
Answer 60

If the angle of deflection of a simple curve is 0 and its radius is R, then the length
of the chord is
2R sinA
2R sinA/2
2R cosA
2R tanA/2
Answer 2R sinA/2

If the radius of a simple curve is R, then the length of the chord for calculating the
offsets by the method of chords produced should not
exceed
R/5
R/10
R/20
R/25
Answer R/20

The ratio between the adopted centrifugal ratios for roads and railways is
3 :1
4: 1
2:1
5 :1
Answer 2 : 1

 An approximate estimation of total dissolved solids of a given water sample is

often made by measuring
Electrical conductivity of the water sample
Electro-magnetic conductivity of the water sample
Sound conductivity of the water sample
Thermal conductivity of the water sample
Answer Electrical conductivity of the water sample

Consider the following statements : 1.Relative density is a meaningful parameter

for all types of soils
2.Relative density is a meaningful parameter only for cohesion soils.
3.Relative density is a better indicator of the denseness of an in-situ granular
soideposit than the void ratio.Which of these statements are correct ?
1, 2 and 3
l and 2 only
2 and 3 only
l and 3 only
Answer 2 and 3 only

Consider the following statements : 1.Consolidation time increases with

increasing compressibility.
2.Consolidation time decreases with increasing permeability.
3.Consolidation time is dependent on the magnitude of stress increase.Which of
these statements are correct ?
1,2 and 3
I and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
Answer 1 and 3 only

The needle of a magnetic compass is generally supported on a

Bush hearing
Ball bearing

 Needle bearing
Jewel bearing
Answer Jewel bearing

In case of levelling, backsight is

A fixed point of known elevation
The last staff reading taken before shifting the instrument
The first staff reading taken after setting the instrument
Any staff reading taken on a point of unknown elevation
Answer The first staff reading taken after setting the instrument

Which one of the following tests employs Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid as a
titrating agent ?
Chlorides
Dissolved oxygen
Hardness
Residual chlorine
Answer Hardness

Which of the following reasons are responsible for adoption of post-chlorination

of water ? 1.Chlorine demand is reduced.
2.Possibility of taste and odour formation is reduced.
3.Possibility of carcinogenic compounds is reduced.
4.Chloramines are formed.
1,2,.3 and 4
1,2 and 3 only
1 and 4 only
2, 3 and 4 only
Answer 2, 3 and 4 only

Consider the following statements : For pure clay, the shear strength parameters
will be
1.Cohesion c = 0; and angle of internal friction Q will be maximum.

2.Cohesion c is maximum; and angle of internal fraction 0 is also maximum.

3.Angle of internal friction $ is zero, with some value of cohesion c. Which of
these statements is/are correct ?
1,2 and 3
1 only
3 only
2 only
Answer 3 only
Directions : Each of the next ten (10) items consists of two statements, one labelled as the Statement (1) and
the other as Statement (II). You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these
items using the codes given below :
Codes
(a)Both Statement (1) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of
Statement(1)
(b)Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation
of Statement (1)
(c)Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
(d)Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Statement (1) : In a flownet, each field must be a (curvilinear) square.
Statement (II) : Each flow channel in a flownet has the same rate of flow.

a
b
c
d

Answer d
Statement (1) : Boundary layer theory is applicable only in the vicinity of the leading edge of a flat plate.
Statement (II) : Boundary layer theory is based on the assumption that its thickness is small when compared to
other linear dimensions in the flow.

a
b
c
d

Answer d
Statement (1) : The best hydraulic section always has the minimum excavation.
Statement (II) : The beat hydraulic section gives the minimum area for a given discharge.

a
b
c
d

Answer d
Statement (I) : A given channel may be classifiable as mild for one discharge, critical for another discharge, and
steep for yet another discharge.
Statement (II) : Normal depth and critical depth are independent functions of the discharge along with, or
without, other appropriate parameters.

a
b
c
d

Answer d
Statement (1) : For a hydraulic ram,DAubuissons efficiency is always more than Rankines efficiency.
Statement (11) : By definition, efficiency is always less than unity in any system of mechanics and addition of a
small value to both numerator and denominator in the ratio of such a case always improves the value.

a
b
c
d

Answer b
Statement (1) : Air pollutant concentration and time of retention increase due to inversion.
Statement (II) : During winter, the heavy cold layer in the atmosphere retains the hot toxic pollutants for a
longer period in the atmosphere.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (I) : Chlorides are added to kill pathogens as a disinfection process in the treatment of water.
Statement (II) : It forms hypochlorous acid to oxidize the organic compounds including bacteria.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (1): When a tube well penetrates into a homogeneous aquifer and is then pumped, there will occur
lowering of water surface. The resultant surface is designated as Drawdown curve.
Statement (II) : Since the pressure on the surface of the `Drawdown curveis always at atmospheric level, it is
called by this name.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (1) : Fluoride concentrations of approximately 1.0 mg/1 in drinking water help to prevent dental
cavities in children

Statement (II) : During formation of permanent teeth, fluoride combines chemically with tooth enamel
resulting in softer and weaker teeth that are less resistant to decay.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (I) : Virus is living organisms in a natural environment including soil.
Statement (11) : Virus comes to life after entering the host tissue through contamination.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Directions : Each of the next ten (10) items consists of two statements, one labelled as the Statement(1) and the
other as Statement (II). You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these
items using the codes given below :
Codes
(a) Both Statement (1) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (11) is the correct explanation of
Statement(1)
(b)Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation
of Statement (1)
(c)Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
(d)Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Statement (I) : The BOD test is conducted for 5 days at 20C.
Statement (11) : The amount of oxygen utilized by microorganisms anaerobically is called BOD.

a
b

 c
d
Answer c
Statement (1) : An epidemic of infective hepatitis is transmitted by drinking contaminated water.
Statement (1I) : Since infective hepatitis is transmitted by bacteria, it can be controlled by filtrationand
disinfection of water.

a
b
c
d

Answer c
Statement (1) : The ability of water to conduct electricity,known and measured as the specific conductance,and
concentration of total dissolved solids are not relatable on a one-to-one basis.
Statement (II) : Many organic molecules and compounds dissolve in water without ionizing and hence are not
taken into account while measuring specific conductance.

a
b
c
d

Answer d
Statement (I): Water with heavy algal growth often has pH values as high as 9 to 10.
Statement (II) : Non-utilization of the,bicarbonate ion as a carbon source by algae can result in substantial
accumulation of OH- ions.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (I) : Municipal Solid Waste is disposed off in the Transport Safe Disposal Facility (TSDF) to convert
it into organic compost.
Statement (11) : The organic Municipal Solid Waste is converted into compost by worms and the process is
called Vermicomposting.

a
b
c
d

Answer a
Statement (1) : Chlorophyll-bearing plants take water and carbon dioxide to synthesize carbohydrates.
Statement (II) : Wasted food ultimately leads to production of various natural resources like water and sunlight
energy.

a
b
c
d

Answer c
Statement (I) : A curved, or straight, line connecting the relevant stress points is called the stress path.
Statement (11) : All the total stress paths and the effective stress paths for the drained tests are straight lines at
a slope of 45.

a
b
c
d

Answer c

Statement (I) : Foundations may not be geometrically categorized as shallow, or deep, foundations.
Statement (I1) : A foundation is shallow if its depth is equal to or less than its width otherwise it is deep.

a
b
c
d

Answer d
Statement (1) : Different types of piles are used in construction work depending on the type of load to be
carried, the sub-soil conditions and the ground water table.
Statement (11) : The load transfer mechanism from a pile to the soil is selfsame in all cases.

a
b
c
d

Answer c
Statement (1) : Present usage of GPS for positioning includes personal navigation, aircraft navigation, offshore
survey, vessel navigation, etc.
Statement (11) : GPS is a satellite navigation system designed to provide information about instantaneous
velocity and time almost anywhere on the globe at any time and in any weather.

a
b
c
d

Answer a