(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?

affiliate_id=4772)

(844)8255971

QuickForm(http://go.simutechgroup.com/quick_contact_form)

(http://www.simutechgroup.com)

HOME

(/)

SOFTWARE

CONSULTING

TESTING

INDUSTRY

SUPPORT

TRAINING

CONTACTUS

ANSYSTIPS&TRICKS
Follow

3,536

Wanttogetthelatest"tips&tricks",signup(http://go.simutechgroup.com/simutechnewslettersubscribe)for
ourmonthlynewsletter.

(/OFFICES/)

ABOUTUS

SUPPORT
RESOURCES
SIMUTECHSUPPORT
TRAININGLOCATIONS

Notfindingwhatyouarelookingfor,contactus(http://go.simutechgroup.com/l/153841/20160420/wzdr)tolearn
moreaboutourtrainingandmentoringservices.

Home(/)

Support

ANSYSTips&Tricks

PRESTRESSEDMODALANALYSISLINKEDTONONLINEARSTATIC
ANALYSISINANSYSMECHANICAL(WORKBENCH)V14.0
(/FEA/FEATIPSTRICKSANSYS14PRESTRESSEDMODAL
ANALYSISNONLINEARSTATICANALYSIS.HTML)
Haveyoueverwatchedamusicianplayingmusiconahandsawwithaviolinbow,changingthe
pitchbyflexingthesawblade?Thepitchchangesbecauseoflargedisplacementstressstiffeningof
theblade.
Consider,forexample,thevideoat:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=qxUxwiXYUkE
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=qxUxwiXYUkE).
ANSYSMechanical(Workbench)v14.0canconsiderthemodalnaturalfrequencyofvibration
Figure1:FirstModeofVibrationof analysisofaprestressedstructure,eveniftheprestressedstateistheresultofnonlinear
aNonlinearDeformedStructure
modeling.Nonlinearitiescanresultfromanycombinationoflargedisplacement,nonlinearcontact,or
materialnonlinearityintheanalysis.
Someplanningisrequiredatthenonlinearstaticanalysisstage,ifrequiredfilesaretobeavailabletorunthemodalanalysisforachosen
loadstepandsubstepchoicefromanonlinearstaticanalysis.
Thisarticlereviewssomesettingsthatcanbestudiedbyuserswhowanttoexaminethetechnique.Notethattheresultingmodalanalysis
resultcanbesensitivetocontactsettings,meshdensity,andotherpropertiesofthenonlinearstaticanalysissensitivityanalysismaybe
indicated.
TheNonlinearStaticAnalysisSetupthatSuppliesPrestressInformation
Thesetupofthenonlinearstaticanalysismustbesuitableforaccuratesimulationevenwithoutasubsequentmodalanalysis.Therearea
fewspecialconsiderationswhenamodalanalysisistofollowthestaticanalysis:
Contactpairsneedpenaltystiffnessvaluesinbothperpendicularandtangentialdirectionssethighenoughthatartificialmodesof
vibrationarenotcreatedinwhichthepenaltyspringsareexcited.Wherepossible,BondedandNoSeparationcontactpairsshoulduse
MPCsettingssothatthisdifficultydoesnotarise.Nonlinearcontactpairsshouldusedefaultormanualcontactstiffnesssettingsso
thatstiffnessfactorsare1.0orgreater,aslongasthisdoesnotcauseconvergencedifficulties.
InformationforbothRestartsandResultsmustbestoredforanynonlinearstaticsubstepsandloadstepsthataretobeconsideredfor
modalanalysis.
Eachmodalanalysistobeperformedforaparticularsolutiontime(loadstepandsubstep)requiresanadditionalmodalsysteminthe
ProjectSchematic.Aslongasthestaticresultofinterestwassaved,additionalmodalsystemscanbeaddedtoaProjectSchematic.
Themodalanalysiswillnotuseinterpolatedtimesfromthesolutionofthenonlinearstaticanalysisonlyaclosesttimesavedresult
canbeused.
Nonlinearcontactsarelinearizedformodalanalysis.Duringmodalanalysis,wherevercontactsareclosed,roughcontactistreatedas
bonded,frictionlesscontactistreatedasnoseparation,andfrictionalcontactistreatedasbonded.Whereverthereisagap,nonlinear
notclosedcontactelementsaretreatedasopen.Notethatmodalanalysisusesvirtualdisplacements,whichareinfinitesimalin
magnitude.Theindividualcontactelementsdonotopenandcloseduringthecalculatedmodalresponse.

magnitude.Theindividualcontactelementsdonotopenandcloseduringthecalculatedmodalresponse.

Figure2:SchematicforPrestressedModalAnalysis
InFigure2above,astaticanalysisislinkedto3modalanalyses.Thefirsttwoimportstressesfromthestaticanalysisthethirddoesnot,
andsowillperformamodalanalysisthatisnotprestressed.

Figure3ontheleftshowsexampleAnalysisSettingsforastaticnonlinearpre
stressanalysisthatwillsenditsdeformedshapeandprestressconditiontoa
downstreammodalanalysis.
Ofparticularinterestformodalanalysisistheplanforprestressoutputdata
requiredbythemodalanalysis.Restartpointsneedtobegeneratedforany
substepsthataretobeconsideredforthemodalanalysis.Thoserestartpoints
shouldbeaccompaniedbyordinaryOutputControlspointssothatthestatic
structurecanbeexaminedforanydeformationsatwhichmodalanalysiswilltake
place.
InFigure3,theminimumnumberofsubstepsis40,plustheRestartControlsand
theOutputControlsspecify40EquallySpacedPoints.Equalspacingof
recordedsubstepresultsisusuallyapproximateinnonlinearwork.Modalanalysis
canonlybeperformedfortheresultspointsthatweresavednointerpolations
areperformedtogiveapproximateresultsattimesforwhichasolutionwasnot
stored.
InFigure2,linkstosystemsBandCenableprestressedmodalanalysis.
ChoiceswillbemadeinsystemsBandCastowhichresultinthestatic
analysiswillbeimportedforthepurposeofdeformingandprestressingthemodal
analysisstructure.

Figure3:AnalysisSettingsforaNonlinearStatic
PreStressAnalysisPrecedingaModalAnalysis

PrestressedModalAnalysisSettings


InFigure4ontheleft,aModalAnalysissystemhasbeenchosenintheOutline,andthe
timeatwhichaprestressresultwillbeimportedhasbeenestablished.Notethatinthe
Detailssetting,theuserinputsaPreStressDefinedBytime.Alternativesinclude
specificationofthelastresult,ortheendofaspecificloadstep.Theresultclosestintime
assavedbytheprecedingStaticStructuralanalysiswillbeused.TheReportedTimethatis
shownintheDetailsinagreyboxistheactualtimethatwillbeused.TheLoadStepand
Substepforthattimearealsooutput.InthisexamplethePreStressTimehappensto
matchtheReportedTimethiswillnotalwaysbethecaseforsubsteps.
AdifferentModalsystemwillbeneededforeachdifferentPreStressDefineBytimethat
istobeevaluated.
Theexamplemodelhasafixedthickplatelocatedaboveaflexiblelowerplate.Anapplied
boundaryconditiononthelowerplatebendsitsothatittouchestheupperfixedplate.The
naturalfrequenciesofvibrationofthelowerplatearewantedwhenitistouchingtheupper
fixedplate.
Figure5belowshowsadeformedshapecalculatedinanexamplenonlinearlarge
displacementstaticanalysis.Athickfixedplateisaboveathinnerflexibleflatplate.Contact
betweentheplatesresultedleftofcenterinthisimage.Thiscontacthasasubstantialeffect
onthenaturalfrequenciesofvibrationofthelowerplate.

Figure4:ResulttobeUsedinModalAnalysis

Figure5:DeformedShapefromtheNonlinearStaticAnalysis
Whetherthecontactpatchoccursatasinglepoint,orisspreadoutoveralargearea,willaffectthemodesofvibrationthatdevelop.Users
mayneedtoperformsensitivityanalysisonmeshdensityandcontactpenaltystiffnesssettinginordertoassesswhetherthecontact
patchsizeisaffectingthecalculatedmodesofvibration.
InFigure6belowweseealistingofthefirst6modesofvibrationforthestructure.Thereisaplottingcomplicationthemeshis
positionedinitsoriginallocationinspace,notatthedeformedlocationcalculatedinthenonlinearStaticrun.Workbenchatv14.0doesnot
plotmodeshapesrelativetothenonlinearprestressedlargedisplacementshape.Modescalculatedareforthedeformedprestressed
structure.ToseemodeshapesplottedrelativetothedeformedstructureequilibriumpositionrequiressomeAPDLcommands.

Figure6:FirstVibrationModeforPreStressResultatStaticAnalysisTime0.1

MakingViewsofResultsVisibleRelativetoDeformedShapes
Planningisrequiredformodeshapestobeplottedrelativetothedeformedstructure.ThefirststepistoplaceacopyoftheRSTfileofthe
staticanalysisinaneasilyaccessedlocation.ThisisdoneinthepostprocessingsectionoftheStaticStructuralsectionoftheOutline.In
Figure7below,weseeanAPDLCommandsObjectsetofcommandsthatcopythefile.rstresultsfiletoarelativelocationtwolevelsup
inthesubdirectoryhierarchy:

Figure7:CopyingtheStaticAnalysisRSTFile

HereisthetextoftheaboveAPDLCommandsObjectforsavingacopyoftheRSTfile:

!
!MakeacopyofFILE.RSTtwosubdirectorylevelsup
/sys,copyfile.rst..\..\copy_file.rst
!

ThestaticanalysisRSTfilecontainsnodedeflectionvaluesforallofthesavedsubstepsinthenonlinearprestressStaticStructural
analysis.AsshowninFigure8below,asecondAPDLCommandsObjectcanbeplacedinthepostprocessingsectionofeachpre
stressedmodalanalysistousethoseRSTfileresultstomovethenodesinthemodeltoanewlocationbyusingtheUPCOORD
command.ThedeformedstructuresequilibriumpositioncanthenbeplottedwithanEPLOTcommand,andthemodeshaperelativeto
thatequilibriumpositioncanbeplottedwithcommandssuchasPLDISPorPLNSOL.ThisdoesnotaffectWorkbenchMechanicalsusual
plots.

Figure8:APDLCommandsUpdateElementGeometrytoaDeformedShape
TheSETcommandintheaboveAPDLcommandsetwillneedtobeadjustedbytheusertoloadthedesiredloadstep/substep
combination,andshouldbecoordinatedwiththeloadstep/substepthatischosenbythePreStressDetailssettingsforeachmodal
system.TheSETcommandshouldnotusetimes,becausethiswillinterpolatebetweenresultssets,whereasthePreStresssetting
usesthenearestsavedloadstep/substep.
ThecompleteAPDLCommandsobjectusedinFigure8aboveis:

!Generateaplotofthevibrationaboutthenonlineardeformedequilibriumposition
!Demonstrationonlyuseatyourownrisk
save,temporary___,db!savecurrentdatabase
!Refertothecopiedfilefromthestaticanalysisabove
!Itcontainsnodemovements
file,..\..\copy_file,rst
!Readlastresultsamemesh,lastsubstep
set,last
!Goto/prep7tousetheUPCOORDcommand
fini
/prep7
UPCOORD,1.0,ON!movenodesbycalculateddisplacement,zerodeflections
fini
!Gobackto/POST1
fini
/post1
!Pointtoandreadfirstmoderesultfrom"file.rst"
file,file,rst
set,1,1
!Plottheelementsastheyweremovedbytheprestresscalculation
/RGB,INDEX,100,100,100,0

/RGB,INDEX,100,100,100,0
/RGB,INDEX,80,80,80,13
/RGB,INDEX,60,60,60,14
/RGB,INDEX,0,0,0,15
/show,png
/view,1,1,1,1
/gfile,600
/title,Deformedmeshasusedinthecalculation
eplo
!Plotthedeflectionaboutthedeformedequilibrium
/title,Vibrationamplitudeabouttheequilibriumposition
plnsol,u,sum
!
!PlotonlythebodywiththeMATattribute"vibe_body"
!Deformationplotswithundeformededge
esel,s,mat,,vibe_body
nsle
/title,Deformedmeshasusedinthecalculation
eplo
/title,Vibrationamplitudeabouttheequilibriumposition
plnsol,u,sum,2
/view,1,1,0,0
/title,Deformedmeshasusedinthecalculation
eplo
/title,Vibrationamplitudeabouttheequilibriumposition
plnsol,u,sum,2
!
*get,myscale,GRAPH,1,DSCALE,DMULT!whatamplitudeappliedtomovement
/dscale,1,0.5*myscale!reducedamplitudeplot
plnsol,u,sum,2
!
!Restorethings...
/title
resume,temporary___,db
/delete,temporary___,db
set,1,1
/dscale,1,1

SeveralMechanicalAPDLimagesareformedbythecommandsabove.Threeareshownbelow,andcanbereprogrammedbyusersas
needed.
Figure9belowshowstheshapeofthelowerplateoftheexamplemodelasimportedfromthenonlinearstaticanalysisforachosenload
step/substep.Thisisaprestressedshapeforwhichamodalanalysishasbeenperformed.Theoriginalpartwasflatthecurvedshape
resultedfromloadsandcontactsinthestaticanalysis.

Figure9:TheEquilibriumPrestressedNonlinearShapefromtheStaticAnalysis
ThefirstmodeofvibrationrelativetotheaboveprestressedshapeisshowninFigure10below.ThePLNSOLcommandemployedshows
theoutlineofthenonvibratingshape.

Figure10:FirstModeShape,LargeDisplacementNonlinearStaticPreStressedModel

Figure11showsafrontviewforthesamemodeofvibration.NotethattotheleftofthecontactregionasseeninFigure5above,thereis
relativelylittlemovementbythedeformedshapemostofthekineticenergyinthevibrationisinthelargerregiontotherightofthe
contactzone.

Figure11:FrontViewofFirstModeofVibration
AplotofcontactpenetrationintheupstreamnonlinearstaticanalysisisshowninFigure12below.Contactstiffnessandmeshdensitywill
affecthowmanyelementsarecalculatedtobeincontact,whichcanaffectwhethertheflexibleplateinthisexamplewillrockinROTX
movementaboutonecontactpointoneachsideofthemodel,orwhetheritissomewhatfixedagainstrockingbyalargeflatcontactpatch.
Inthisexample,softpenaltystiffnessvalueswillincreasethesizeofthecontactzone,butreducetheresistancetorockingaboutROTX,
sothecalculatedmode1isnothighlysensitivetothestiffnesssetting.Ingeneral,thiswillbemodeldependent,sousersareadvisedto
thinkcarefullyabouthowcontactmodelingisdone.

Figure12:ContactRegionintheNonlinearLargeDisplacementStaticAnalysis
Adetailtoconsidercarefullyincontactmodelingiswhethertousefrictionalorfrictionlesscontactforcertainnonlinearcontactpairs.If
frictionalcontactisused,evenwithavanishinglysmallcoefficientoffrictionsuchas0.001,themodalanalysiswilllinearizethecontact
regiontoactasbonded,preventingslidingmotionwherethecontactisclosed.Ifafrictionlesssettingisemployed,thecontactregionwill
belinearizedasnoseparation.Ifthemodalanalysiscontainssignificantcontactslidinginthenoseparationchoice,theresultwillbe
affectedbythischoiceoffrictionalversusfrictionlesscontact.Usersmayneedtoevaluatemodelswitheachofthesecontactsettingsto

seewhetherthecontactTypesettingisimportantintheresultingmodalanalysis.
Othertypicalconsiderationsinmodalanalysiswillbeneeded.Thenatureofassumedboundaryconditionscanaffectamodalanalysis,
andvariousassumptionsmayneedtobeevaluatedwithindependentmodels.Asusual,anumberofmodesthatisgreaterthanthe
minimumnumberrequiredshouldbeevaluatedtoseewhetherthereareotherfrequenciesthatcouldbeofinterest.Thisisparticularlytrue
withcyclicsymmetrymodels.
ConcludingRemarks
Modalanalysishasbeenillustratedwithprestressedlargedisplacementnonlinearanalysissupplyingtheprestressedcondition,
employingnewcapabilitiesinv14.0ofANSYSWorkbenchMechanical.APDLCommandsObjectshavebeenemployedtoplotmode
shapesrelativetothedeformedstructuresequilibriumposition.ExampleAPDLcommandshavebeenincluded.
Nonlinearitiesintheupstreamstaticanalysiscanincludelargedisplacement,contact,andmaterialnonlinearity.Themodalanalysisis
linearizedaboutthedeformedstatethatisimportedfromthestaticanalysis.Theeffectofmaterialsthathaveunderdonenonlinear
behaviorhasnotbeentestedinthecreationofthisdocument.Usersmustplanhowmuchinformationistobestoredduringthenonlinear
staticanalysis,inorderforthedesiredresultsdatatobeavailableinmodalanalysis.BothRestartControlsandOutputControlsmustbe
settomakedataavailablefordesiredtimesinthestaticanalysis.InthePreStresssettingsforthemodalanalysis,achoiceof
availableloadstepsortimescanbemadebytheuser.Adifferentmodalsystemwillberequiredintheoutlineforeachresultinthestatic
analysisthatistobeusedformodalanalysis.
Abriefdiscussionofassumptionsaboutcontactsettingswarnsusersthatthesecontactassumptionscanaffectresults.Achoiceof
frictionlessversusfrictionalcontactcansignificantlyaffectresultsinsomemodelsbecausetheyarelinearizedtonoseparationversus
bondedcontact,respectively,duringthemodalanalysis.Meshdensityandcontactstiffnessassumptioncanalsoaffectsomemodels,
andsensitivityanalysis(varyingsettingstoseeconsequentresults)isadvisedingeneral.

SIMUTECHGROUP
COMPANY

SIMUTECHGROUP
NEWS

SIMULATION
SOFTWARE

CONSULTING
SERVICES

OURCOMPANY

PRESSRELEASES

ANSYS

FEA

(/SIMUTECHGROUP
COMPANYOVERVIEW.HTML)

(/PRESSRELEASES/)
FATIGUE

OFFICES

CASESTUDIES

(/SOFTWARE/FATIGUE/)

(/CONSULTINGSERVICES/FEA
CONSULTING
SERVICES.HTML)

(/CASESTUDIES/CASE
STUDIES.HTML)

OPTIMIZATION

CFD

(/SOFTWARE/OPTIMIZATION/)

(/CONSULTINGSERVICES/CFD
CONSULTING
SERVICES.HTML)

EMPLOYMENT
(/SIMUTECHJOBS/)

CUSTOMERTESTIMONIALS

PRIVACYPOLICY

(/CUSTOMER
TESTIMONIALS/CUSTOMER
TESTIMONIALS.HTML)

(/PRIVACYPOLICY.HTML)

PLASTICS
(/SOFTWARE/PLASTICS/)

SITEMAP
(/SITEMAP)

EXPLICITDYNAMICS
(/CONSULTING
SERVICES/EXPLICIT
DYNAMICSCONSULTING
SERVICES.HTML)
TESTING
(/TESTINGSERVICES/)

AdspoweredbySocial2Search(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?affiliate_id=4772)
Copyright2016SimuTechGroup.AllRightsReserved.

AdspoweredbySocial2Search(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?affiliate_id=4772)

AdspoweredbySocial2Search(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?affiliate_id=4772)

AdspoweredbySocial2Search(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?affiliate_id=4772)

AdspoweredbySocial2Search(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?affiliate_id=4772)

AdspoweredbySocial2Search(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?affiliate_id=4772)

AdspoweredbySocial2Search(http://www.technologieyvonlheureux.com/settings/ads?affiliate_id=4772)