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FirstvisittotheWest(189397)
VivekanandastartedhisjourneytotheWeston31May1893[79]andvisitedseveralcitiesinJapan
(includingNagasaki,Kobe,Yokohama,Osaka,KyotoandTokyo),[80]ChinaandCanadaenroutetotheUnited
States,[79]reachingChicagoon30July1893,[81][79]wherethe"ParliamentofReligions"tookplaceinSeptember
1893.[82]TheCongresswasaninitiativeoftheSwedenborgianlayman,andjudgeoftheIllinoisSupreme
Court,CharlesC.Bonney,[83][84]togatherallthereligionsoftheworld,andshow"thesubstantialunityofmany
religionsinthegooddeedsofthereligiouslife."[83]Itwasoneofthemorethan200adjunctgatheringsand
congressesoftheChicago'sWorld'sFair,[83]andwas"anavantgardeintellectualmanifestationof[...]culticmilieus,
EastandWest,"[85]withtheBrahmoSamajandtheTheosophicalSocietybeinginvitedasbeingrepresentativeof
Hinduism.[86]
Vivekanandawantedtojoin,butwasdisappointedtolearnthatnoonewithoutcredentialsfromabona
fideorganisationwouldbeacceptedasadelegate.[87]VivekanandacontactedProfessorJohnHenry
WrightofHarvardUniversity,whoinvitedhimtospeakatHarvard.[87]Vivekanandawroteoftheprofessor,"Heurged
uponmethenecessityofgoingtotheParliamentofReligions,whichhethoughtwouldgiveanintroductiontothe
nation".[88][note3]Vivekanandasubmittedanapplication,"introducinghimselfasamonk'oftheoldestorder
ofsannysis...foundedbySankara,'"[86]supportedbytheBrahmoSamajrepresentativeProtapchandra
Mozoombar,whowasalsoamemberoftheParliament'sselectioncommittee,"classifyingtheSwamiasa
representativeoftheHindumonasticorder."[86]

ParliamentoftheWorld'sReligions
Mainarticle:SwamiVivekanandaattheParliamentoftheWorld'sReligions(1893)
TheParliamentoftheWorld'sReligions
openedon11September1893attheArt
InstituteofChicagoaspartoftheWorld's
ColumbianExposition.[89][90][91]Onthisday,
Vivekanandagaveabriefspeech
representingIndiaandHinduism.[92]Hewas
initiallynervous,bowedtoSaraswati(the
Hindugoddessoflearning)andbegan
hisspeechwith"Sistersandbrothersof
America!".[93][91]Atthesewords,
Vivekanandareceivedatwominutestanding
ovationfromthecrowdofseven

(left)VivekanandaontheplatformattheParliamentofReligions,September
1893lefttoright:VirchandGandhi,Dharmapala,Vivekananda
(right)SwamiVivekanandawiththeEastIndiangroup,inthephoto:(fromleft
toright)NarasimhaChaira,LakeshnieNarain,Vivekananda,H.Dharmapala,
andVirchandGandhi

thousand.[94]AccordingtoSailendraNath
Dhar,whensilencewasrestoredhebeganhisaddress,greetingtheyoungestofthenationsonbehalfof"themost
ancientorderofmonksintheworld,theVedicorderofsannyasins,areligionwhichhastaughttheworldboth
tolerance,ofanduniversalacceptance".[95][note4]Vivekanandaquotedtwoillustrativepassagesfromthe"Shiva
mahimastrotam":"Asthedifferentstreamshavingtheirsourcesindifferentplacesallmingletheirwaterinthesea,
so,OLord,thedifferentpathswhichmentake,throughdifferenttendencies,variousthoughtheyappear,crookedor
straight,allleadtoThee!"and"WhosoevercomestoMe,throughwhatsoeverform,Ireachhimallmenare
strugglingthroughpathsthatintheendleadtoMe."[98]AccordingtoSailendraNathDhar,"[i]twasonlyashort
speech,butitvoicedthespiritoftheParliament."[98][99]
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ParliamentPresidentJohnHenryBarrowssaid,"India,theMotherofreligionswasrepresentedbySwami
Vivekananda,theOrangemonkwhoexercisedthemostwonderfulinfluenceoverhisauditors".[93]Vivekananda
attractedwidespreadattentioninthepress,whichcalledhimthe"cyclonicmonkfromIndia".TheNewYork
Critiquewrote,"Heisanoratorbydivineright,andhisstrong,intelligentfaceinitspicturesquesettingofyellowand
orangewashardlylessinterestingthanthoseearnestwords,andtherich,rhythmicalutterancehegavethem".
TheNewYorkHeraldnoted,"VivekanandaisundoubtedlythegreatestfigureintheParliamentofReligions.After
hearinghimwefeelhowfoolishitistosendmissionariestothislearnednation".[100]Americannewspapersreported
Vivekanandaas"thegreatestfigureintheparliamentofreligions"and"themostpopularandinfluentialmaninthe
parliament".[101]TheBostonEveningTranscriptreportedthatVivekanandawas"agreatfavouriteattheparliament...
ifhemerelycrossestheplatform,heisapplauded".[102]Hespokeseveralmoretimes"atreceptions,thescientific
section,andprivatehomes"[95]ontopicsrelatedtoHinduism,Buddhismandharmonyamongreligionsuntilthe
parliamentendedon27September1893.Vivekananda'sspeechesattheParliamenthadthecommonthemeof
universality,emphasisingreligioustolerance.[103]Hesoonbecameknownasa"handsomeoriental"andmadeahuge
impressionasanorator.[104]

LecturetoursintheUKandUS
AftertheParliamentofReligions,hetouredmanypartsoftheUSasaguest.Hispopularityopenedup
newviewsforexpandingon"lifeandreligiontothousands".[104]Duringaquestionanswersessionat
BrooklynEthicalSociety,heremarked,"IhaveamessagetotheWestasBuddhahadamessageto
theEast."
VivekanandaspentnearlytwoyearslecturingintheeasternandcentralUnitedStates,primarilyin
Chicago,Detroit,Boston,andNewYork.HefoundedtheVedantaSocietyofNewYorkin1894.[106]By
spring1895hisbusy,tiringschedulehadaffectedhishealth.[107]Heendedhislecturetoursandbegan
givingfree,privateclassesinVedantaandyoga.BeginninginJune1895,Vivekanandagaveprivate
lecturestoadozenofhisdisciplesatThousandIslandParkinNewYorkfortwomonths.[107]
DuringhisfirstvisittotheWesthetravelledtotheUKtwice,in1895and1896,lecturingsuccessfully
there.[108]InNovember1895hemetMargaretElizabethNobleanIrishwomanwhowould
becomeSisterNivedita.[107]DuringhissecondvisittotheUKinMay1896VivekanandametMax
Mller,anotedIndologistfromOxfordUniversitywhowroteRamakrishna'sfirstbiographyinthe
West.[99]FromtheUK,VivekanandavisitedotherEuropeancountries.InGermanyhemetPaul
Deussen,anotherIndologist.[109]VivekanandawasofferedacademicpositionsintwoAmerican
universities(onethechairinEasternPhilosophyatHarvardUniversityandasimilarposition
atColumbiaUniversity)hedeclinedboth,sincehisdutieswouldconflictwithhiscommitmentasa
monk.[107]
Hissuccessledtoachangein
mission,namelythe
establishmentofVedantacentres
intheWest.[111]Vivekananda

"Idonot
come",
said
Swamiji
onone
occasion
in
America,
"toconvert
youtoa
newbelief.
Iwantyou
tokeep
yourown
beliefI
wantto
make
theMethodista
better
Methodist
thePresbyterian
better
Presbyterian
theUnitariana
better
Unitarian.I
wantto
teachyou
tolivethe
truth,to
revealthe
lightwithin
yourown
soul."[105]

adaptedtraditionalHinduideas
andreligiositytosuittheneedsand
understandingsofhiswesternaudiences,who
wereespeciallyattractedbyandfamiliarwith
westernesoterictraditionsandmovements
likeTranscendentalismandNewthought.[112]An
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importantelementinhisadaptationofHindu
religiositywastheintroductionofhis"four
yogas"model,whichincludesRajayoga,his
interpretationofPatanjali'sYoga
sutras,[113]whichofferedapracticalmeansto
realisethedivineforcewithinwhichiscentralto
modernwesternesotericism.[112]In1896his
bookRajaYogawaspublished,whichbecame
aninstantsuccessandwashighlyinfluentialin
thewesternunderstandingofYoga.[114][115]
Left:VivekanandainGreenacre,Maine(August1894).[110]Right:
VivekanandaatMeadsisters'house,SouthPasadenain1900.

Vivekanandaattractedfollowersandadmirersin
theUSandEurope,includingJosephine
MacLeod,WilliamJames,JosiahRoyce,Robert
G.Ingersoll,NikolaTesla,LordKelvin,Harriet

Monroe,EllaWheelerWilcox,SarahBernhardt,EmmaCalvandHermannLudwigFerdinandvon
Helmholtz.[16][107][116][117]Heinitiatedseveralfollowers:MarieLouise(aFrenchwoman)becameSwami
Abhayananda,andLeonLandsbergbecameSwamiKripananda,[118]sothattheycouldcontinuetheworkofthe
missionoftheVedantaSociety.ThissocietystillisfilledwithforeignnationalsandisalsolocatedinLos
Angeles.[119]DuringhisstayinAmerica,VivekanandawasgivenlandinthemountainstothesoutheastofSanJose,
CaliforniatoestablishanretreatforVedantastudents.Hecalledit"Peaceretreat",or,ShantiAsrama.[120]Thelargest
AmericancentreistheVedantaSocietyofSouthernCaliforniainHollywood,(oneofthetwelvemaincentres).There
isalsoaVedantaPressinHollywoodwhichpublishesbooksaboutVedantaandEnglishtranslationsofHindu
scripturesandtexts.[121]ChristinaGreenstidelofDetroitwasalsoinitiatedbyVivekanandawithamantraandshe
becameSisterChristine,[122]andtheyestablishedaclosefatherdaughterrelationship.[123]
FromtheWest,VivekanandarevivedhisworkinIndia.Heregularlycorrespondedwithhisfollowersandbrother
monks,[note5]offeringadviceandfinancialsupport.Hislettersfromthisperiodreflecthiscampaignofsocial
service,[124]andwerestronglyworded.[125]HewrotetoAkhandananda,"Gofromdoortodooramongstthepoorand
lowerclassesofthetownofKhetriandteachthemreligion.Also,letthemhaveorallessonsongeographyandsuch
othersubjects.Nogoodwillcomeofsittingidleandhavingprincelydishes,andsaying"Ramakrishna,OLord!"
unlessyoucandosomegoodtothepoor".[126][127]In1895,VivekanandafoundedtheperiodicalBrahmavadinto
teachtheVedanta.[128]Later,Vivekananda'stranslationofthefirstsixchaptersofTheImitationofChristwas
publishedinBrahmavadinin1889.[129]VivekanandaleftforIndiaon16December1896fromEnglandwithhis
disciplesCaptainandMrs.SevierandJ.J.Goodwin.OnthewaytheyvisitedFranceandItaly,andsetsailforIndia
fromNapleson30December1896.[130]HewaslaterfollowedtoIndiabySisterNivedita,whodevotedtherestofher
lifetotheeducationofIndianwomenandIndia'sindependence.[107][131]

BackinIndia(189799)
TheshipfromEuropearrivedinColombo,BritishCeylon(nowSriLanka)on15January1897,[130]andVivekananda
receivedawarmwelcome.InColombohegavehisfirstpublicspeechintheEast,India,theHolyLand.Fromthere
on,hisjourneytoCalcuttawastriumphant.VivekanandatravelledfromColombo
toPamban,Rameswaram,Ramnad,Madurai,KumbakonamandMadras,deliveringlectures.Commonpeopleand
rajasgavehimanenthusiasticreception.Duringhistraintravels,peopleoftensatontherailstoforcethetrainto
stopsotheycouldhearhim.[130]FromMadras,hecontinuedhisjourneytoCalcuttaandAlmora.WhileintheWest,
VivekanandaspokeaboutIndia'sgreatspiritualheritageinIndia,herepeatedlyaddressedsocialissues:upliftingthe
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people,eliminatingthecastesystem,promotingscienceandindustrialisation,addressingwidespreadpovertyand
endingcolonialrule.Theselectures,publishedasLecturesfromColombotoAlmora,demonstratehisnationalistic
fervourandspiritualideology.[132]
On1May1897inCalcutta,
Vivekanandafounded
theRamakrishnaMissionfor
socialservice.Itsidealsare
basedonKarma
Yoga,[133][134]anditsgoverning
bodyconsistsofthetrusteesof
theRamakrishnaMath(which
conductsreligious
work).[135]BothRamakrishna
MathandRamakrishnaMission

(left)VivekanandaatChennai1897(right)AdvaitaAshrama,Mayavati(abranchof
theRamakrishnaMathfoundedon19March1899)laterpublishedmanyofVivekananda's
workandnowpublishesPrabuddhaBharata.

havetheirheadquartersatBelur
Math.[99][136]Vivekanandafoundedtwoothermonasteries:oneinMayavatiintheHimalayas(nearAlmora),
theAdvaitaAshramaandanotherinMadras.Twojournalswerefounded:PrabuddhaBharatainEnglish
andUdbhodaninBengali.[137]Thatyear,faminereliefworkwasbegunbySwamiAkhandanandain
theMurshidabaddistrict.[99][135]
VivekanandaearlierinspiredJamshedjiTatatosetuparesearchandeducationalinstitutionwhentheytravelled
togetherfromYokohamatoChicagoonVivekananda'sfirstvisittotheWestin1893.Tatanowaskedhimtohead
hisResearchInstituteofScienceVivekanandadeclinedtheoffer,citingaconflictwithhis"spiritual
interests".[138][139][140]HevisitedPunjab,attemptingtomediateanideologicalconflictbetweenAryaSamaj(a
reformistHindumovement)andsanatan(orthodoxHindus).[141]AfterbriefvisitstoLahore,[135]DelhiandKhetri,
VivekanandareturnedtoCalcuttainJanuary1898.Heconsolidatedtheworkofthemathandtraineddisciplesfor
severalmonths.Vivekanandacomposed"KhandanaBhavaBandhana",aprayersongdedicatedtoRamakrishna,in
1898.[142]

SecondvisittotheWestandfinalyears(18991902)
Seealso:SwamiVivekanandainCalifornia
Despitedeclininghealth,VivekanandaleftfortheWest
forasecondtimeinJune1899[143]accompaniedby
SisterNiveditaandSwamiTuriyananda.Followinga
briefstayinEngland,hewenttotheUnitedStates.
Duringthisvisit,VivekanandaestablishedVedanta
SocietiesinSanFranciscoandNewYorkandfounded
ashantiashrama(peaceretreat)inCalifornia.[144]He
thenwenttoParisfortheCongressofReligionsin
1900.[145]HislecturesinParisconcernedtheworship
ofthelingamandtheauthenticityoftheBhagavad
Gita.[144]VivekanandathenvisitedBrittany,
Vienna,Istanbul,AthensandEgypt.TheFrench
philosopherJulesBoiswashishostformostofthis
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period,untilhereturnedtoCalcuttaon9December

(left)VivekanandaatBelurMathon19June1899
(right)Vivekananda(phototakeninBushnellStudio,San
Francisco,1900)

1900.[144]
AfterabriefvisittotheAdvaitaAshramainMayavati
VivekanandasettledatBelurMath,wherehe

continuedcoordinatingtheworksofRamakrishnaMission,themathandtheworkinEnglandandtheUSHehad
manyvisitors,includingroyaltyandpoliticians.AlthoughVivekanandawasunabletoattendtheCongressofReligions
in1901inJapanduetodeterioratinghealth,hemadepilgrimagestoBodhgayaandVaranasi.[146]Declininghealth
(includingasthma,diabetesandchronicinsomnia)restrictedhisactivity.[147]

Death
On4July1902(thedayofhisdeath)[148]Vivekanandaawokeearly,wenttothechapelatBelurMathandmeditated
forthreehours.HetaughtShuklaYajurVeda,Sanskritgrammarandthephilosophyofyogatopupils,[149][150]later
discussingwithcolleaguesaplannedVediccollegeintheRamakrishnaMath.At7:00p.m.Vivekanandawenttohis
room,askingnottobedisturbed[149]hediedat9:10p.m.whilemeditating.[151]Accordingtohisdisciples,
Vivekanandaattainedmahasamdhi[152]theruptureofabloodvesselinhisbrainwasreportedasapossiblecause
ofdeath.[153]Hisdisciplesbelievedthattherupturewasduetohisbrahmarandhra(anopeninginthecrownofhis
head)beingpiercedwhenheattainedmahasamdhi.Vivekanandafulfilledhisprophecythathewouldnotliveforty
years.[154]HewascrematedonasandalwoodfuneralpyreonthebankoftheGangainBelur,opposite
whereRamakrishnawascrematedsixteenyearsearlier.[155]

Teachingsandphilosophy
Mainarticle:TeachingsandphilosophyofSwamiVivekananda
Vivekanandapropagatedthatthe

Partofaserieson

Hinduphilosophy

essenceofHinduismwasbest
expressedinAdiShankara's
AdvaitaVedanta
philosophy.[156]Nevertheless,
followingRamakrishna,andin
contrasttoAdvaitaVedanta,

Orthodox

Vivekanandabelievedthatthe

SamkhyaYogaNyayaVaisheshikaMimamsa

Absoluteisbothimmanentand

Vedanta

transcendent.[note6]Accordingto

AdvaitaVedantaVishishtadvaitaDvaitaDvaitadvaitaAchintyaBhedaAbhedaBhedabheda

AnilSooklal,Vivekananda'sneo
Advaita"reconcilesDvaitaor
dualismandAdvaitaornon
dualism".[158][note7]Vivekananda

Heterodox
Charvaka
Otherschools

[show]

Teachers(Acharyas)

[show]

follows,givingitamodernand

Majortexts

[show]

Universalisticinterpretation:[156]

Hinduism
OtherIndianphilosophies

summarisedtheVedantaas

Eachsoulis

VTE

potentiallydivine.The
goalistomanifestthis
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Advaita

Divinitywithinby
controllingnature,
externalandinternal.
Dothiseitherbywork,
orworship,ormental
discipline,or
philosophybyone,
ormore,orallof
theseandbefree.

Origins

[show]

Thisisthewholeof

Schools

[show]

religion.Doctrines,or

Moksha

[show]

dogmas,orrituals,or

Teachings

[show]

books,ortemples,or

Practices

[show]

forms,arebut

Scriptures

[show]

Teachers

[show]

MonasteriesandOrders

[show]

Scholarship

[show]

Categories

[show]

secondarydetails.
NationalismwasaprominentthemeinVivekananda'sthought.He
believedthatacountry'sfuturedependsonitspeople,andhisteachings
focusedonhumandevelopment.[159]Hewanted"tosetinmotiona
machinerywhichwillbringnoblestideastothedoorstepofeventhe

VTE

poorestandthemeanest".[160]
Vivekanandalinkedmoralitywithcontrolofthemind,seeingtruth,purityandunselfishnessastraitswhich
strengthenedit.[161]Headvisedhisfollowerstobeholy,unselfishandtohaveraddh(faith).Vivekananda
supportedbrahmacharya(celibacy),[162]believingitthesourceofhisphysicalandmentalstaminaand
eloquence.[163]HeemphasisedthatsuccesswasanoutcomeoffocusedthoughtandactioninhislecturesonRaja
Yogahesaid,"Takeuponeidea.Makethatoneideayourlifethinkofit,dreamofit,liveonthatidea.Letthebrain,
muscles,nerves,everypartofyourbody,befullofthatidea,andjustleaveeveryotherideaalone.Thisisthewayto
success,thatisthewaygreatspiritualgiantsareproduced".[164]

Influenceandlegacy
Mainarticle:InfluenceandlegacyofSwamiVivekananda
VivekanandawasoneofthemainrepresentativesofNeoVedanta,amoderninterpretationofselectedaspectsof
Hinduisminlinewithwesternesoterictraditions,especiallyTranscendentalism,NewThoughtandTheosophy.[3]His
reinterpretationwas,andis,verysuccessful,creatinganewunderstandingandappreciationofHinduismwithinand
outsideIndia,[3]andwastheprincipalreasonfortheenthusiasticreceptionofyoga,transcendentalmeditationand
otherformsofIndianspiritualselfimprovementintheWest.[165]AgehanandaBharatiexplained,"...modernHindus
derivetheirknowledgeofHinduismfromVivekananda,directlyorindirectly".[166]Vivekanandaespousedtheideathat
allsectswithinHinduism(andallreligions)aredifferentpathstothesamegoal.[167]However,thisviewhasbeen
criticisedasanoversimplificationofHinduism.[167]
InthebackgroundofemergingnationalisminBritish
ruledIndia,Vivekanandacrystallisedthenationalistic
ideal.InthewordsofsocialreformerCharlesFreer
Andrews,"TheSwami'sintrepidpatriotismgaveanew
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colourtothenationalmovementthroughoutIndia.
Morethananyothersingleindividualofthatperiod
Vivekanandahadmadehiscontributiontothenew
awakeningofIndia".[168]Vivekanandadrewattentionto
theextentofpovertyinthecountry,andmaintained
thataddressingsuchpovertywasaprerequisitefor
nationalawakening.[169]Hisnationalisticideas
influencedmanyIndianthinkersandleaders.Sri
AurobindoregardedVivekanandaastheonewho
awakenedIndiaspiritually.[170]Mahatma
GandhicountedhimamongthefewHindureformers
(left)VivekanandastatueneartheGatewayofIndia,Mumbai
(right)atShriRamakrishnaVidyashala,Mysore,India

"whohavemaintainedthisHindureligioninastateof
splendorbycuttingdownthedeadwoodof
tradition".[171]

ThefirstgovernorgeneralofindependentIndia,ChakravartiRajagopalachari,
said"VivekanandasavedHinduism,savedIndia".[172]AccordingtoSubhas
ChandraBose,aproponentofarmedstruggleforIndianindependence,
Vivekanandawas"themakerofmodernIndia"[173]forGandhi,Vivekananda's
influenceincreasedGandhi's"loveforhiscountryathousandfold".
VivekanandainfluencedIndia'sindependencemovement[174]hiswritings
inspiredindependenceactivistssuchasNetajiSubhasChandra
Bose,AurobindoGhose,BalGangadharTilakandBaghaJatinand
intellectualssuchasAldousHuxley,ChristopherIsherwood,Romain
Rolland.[175]ManyyearsafterVivekananda'sdeathRabindranathTagoretold
FrenchNobellaureateRomainRolland,[176]"IfyouwanttoknowIndia,study
Vivekananda.Inhimeverythingispositiveandnothingnegative".Rolland
wrote,"Hiswordsaregreatmusic,phrasesinthestyleofBeethoven,stirring
rhythmslikethemarchofHndelchoruses.Icannottouchthesesayingsof
his,scatteredastheyarethroughthepagesofbooks,atthirtyyears'

VivekanandaCircle,Mysore

distance,withoutreceivingathrillthroughmybodylikeanelectricshock.And
whatshocks,whattransports,musthavebeenproducedwheninburningwordstheyissuedfromthelipsofthe
hero!"[177]
JamshedjiTatawasinspiredbyVivekanandatoestablishtheIndianInstituteofScience,oneofIndia'sbestknown
researchuniversities.[140]Abroad,VivekanandacommunicatedwithorientalistMaxMller,andscientistNikola
TeslawasoneofthoseinfluencedbyhisVedicteachings.WhileNationalYouthDayinIndiaisobservedonhis
birthday,12January,thedayhedeliveredhismasterfulspeechattheParliamentofReligions,11September1893is
"WorldBrotherhoodDay".[178][179]InSeptember2010,India'sFinanceMinistryhighlightedtherelevanceof
Vivekananda'steachingsandvaluestothemoderneconomicenvironment.ThethenUnionFinanceMinisterPranab
Mukherjee,thecurrentPresidentofIndia,approvedinprincipletheSwamiVivekanandaValuesEducationProjectat
acostof1billion(US$15million),withobjectivesincludinginvolvingyouthwithcompetitions,essays,discussions
andstudycirclesandpublishingVivekananda'sworksinanumberoflanguages.[180]In2011,theWestBengalPolice
TrainingCollegewasrenamedtheSwamiVivekanandaStatePoliceAcademy,WestBengal.[181]Thestatetechnical
universityinChhattisgarhhasbeennamedtheChhattisgarhSwamiVivekanandaTechnicalUniversity.[182]In2012,
theRaipurairportwasrenamedSwamiVivekanandaAirport.[183]
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The150thbirthanniversaryofSwamiVivekanandawascelebratedinIndiaandabroad.TheMinistryofYouthAffairs
andSportsinIndiaofficiallyobserved2013astheoccasioninadeclaration.[184]Yearlongeventsandprograms
wereorganisedbybranchesoftheRamakrishnaMath,theRamakrishnaMission,thecentralandstategovernments
inIndia,educationalinstitutionsandyouthgroups.BengalifilmdirectorTutu(Utpal)Sinhamadeafilm,TheLight:
SwamiVivekanandaasatributeforhis150thbirthanniversary.[185]

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