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HoT
NN
l0rzop
,,:,.
i#
iiIn;",n,.il
?illiliiiriiiiiili
B$
ffi
ln\
NGRV flR SC
BRCTo|lil
ll0(
Ull
hoc.
bii
cria sd
fip
HOANG CHONG
204.
ra ki ndy
Problenr in this issue
Cac bdi tr) T1/208 ddn T10/208,L11208,L21208
D'A
Ban ui hi4't
ll
Do you knout ?
Lai Iich cria cdc ddu +,
hoc
Phan Thanh Quang vA. cdu chuy6n tinh
dung trong tod.n
-, x,
13
Todn hoc
14
Doan,
o,nd
LA
trl
14
rAp
-:
Learning
Dinh Chd.u - Chfng minh m6t dinh li
trong bdi dudng ti6m cAn
1b
16
todn hqc
Bia 4
Bia 4
thd thdy
vi
,il
,{
BAOTOAIIIOCI,t
ItIfiM[ ffiONItIil IO
kj'
nhi trrrdng
c:iua cL.c
bT T*rrg hoc Co s6
chdt, tim hinh sao cho mdt dai luong ndo dri
(d0 dai doan thing, sd do gcic, sd do di6n tich...)
c<i GTLN hoac GTNN.
MOt trong cac phtrong phrip giAi to6n ctrc
tri hinh hoc ld sir dung cdcbdtdingthrlc, trong
dri ccj bdt thing thrlc COsi.
Hoc sinh l6p 8 PTCS drroc ldm quen v6i bdt
d&ngthrlcCosidrrdi danc (
*12
>
xyhoac
-D?ng2:r
(x
v\2
xy
>
4.
-D?nss'(.x2+
Y)"
= I.
+
S (const).
H. Ta
cci
1
S' :2 EMKH
S:=BCAl<ndn
- -', BC', AK'
'-"'" S
- 2
- chu ! ring
DAt MA : x, MC = !,
EMxHKy
:
(dinh li Talet)
BC = *.+ y' AK * + y
^ ,s' : ?.xy
nen
s @+rt'
Theo bdt ding thrlc COsi d4ng 5 thi
S' _ 2-xv _.
1 dci
_
<- 2'*Do
ma-xS,: =S. Khi
S
2-'
@ +y)z
dci r = y, tilc l?L M ld, trung didm cria AC.
Khai thdc bai todn L, tt
s'1<r"'v rt s > 2. Do dd ndu S'ln hing
s
S,
__-________irr
duong.
toan 2,
Bdi torin ndy cdn cri thd di6n dat du6i dang
khric : Cho gric B khdc gdc bet vi mdt didm M
thu6c mi6n trong cta g<ic. Dqng crit tuydn qua
S (x*v)2
Giii : Xet;s' : *- 'zxy > 2 (st dung
bdt
,,
:::,
,.,..............,,.,......,.
.'
.,
.,
,,:
,..
S, ta cri : 25 :
(BH + KC).IIK. Ta thdy
tdng /BI{ + KC) + HK kh6ng ddi (bang o) n6n
tich (BII + [<{.:).HK 16n nhdt khi vA chi kiri
: {'DH + E&.HK :
Giii
: Dd thdy clt(ABE)
Sr.S,:,
sr EC S' EC Si -s'
:
ThAt I'aY'
s ar s, = EA * s' = s.
+.S'l: S,S. rIr.
Drt BC : x, AI) : !,ta s6 bidu t;hi c6c li
sr s2 s'
.d S, S, S theor vdy.
thing
BD,
Qu:r C k6 dttdng
cat
AD 6 K. Ta
crj
DK : BC = x, d,t.@Cn = dt(ABCD) : S.
LACK ddng dang vdi LCEB va AA}JD nOn
sl
S
s2
(,
1-v)2'
_!_
(,
(2)
+ v)z
_tf
(, +v)4
s'
xy
(-r +y)2
HI{ = /l
rconst).
CD:L.
.r
1
a (x*h\z
Dodos=;CD.MK:;.i:
ZZx
+ 2hx -t lt2 a
n
rl
:r:r(x*2h*;) h2.
vi
Do o
&
/z
It2
h2
r * .-- nh6 nhdt. Ta lai thav r vd li hai sd
-r"x
drrong cd
tu2)
n6n tdng
1r2
khiy trlc
-,
tri
bdi tod.n 4, 5, 6), cbn ccj thd bidu thi gi6n ti6p
thdng qua cric ti sd trung gian (ti
"U
U cdc
bii
dd tim cdc
d6lqn
:,
.,.,:.:.:::..
,:..:.::: "
,,r,,,,,,,,,,,,.,, ,.
.
,,,,, .... ..
.,,.
,.
'
ab
Tacci:AB=cosd
AC - -slna
ndn
ab
S = =.=--.
Do dci : S nh6 nhdt
2sinacosa
cci
<+
c6ng thrlc ndy bing kiSn thrlc ldp 8), hon nrfa
3.
I)AN(i VI F:N
BAri
luot tqi
S^CIK =
uit K.
Chung minh
^MNIK
rr;
rLl
_i:n
bii
to6n.
Nhiin xt. ('lc
l''l'('S
,J - 2y
J-1
Liri giAi. Ta
plutong trinh :
z4 - 2x = -ll2
hQ
2z:
.1*
cri 2J, = rc
r,
xt.z=
'
.-
tt.z= zt.z= ri tt
^AKIAKAIl
^AMN.
ra , -AM
'r/r/7
t i.
Taco
/uo
AK.AI 1
AMAN = r=
cos45" =
-{Z
Sa"ux
sNiMN'
Suy ra dpcrn.
Nh{n x6t : Ngtvin Kitu ('trng 9M. Mari Qrr1,ri. ,\gi
l)ut l ltinh.9,\ Ild Vrin l):rn. llii Quang Mitth TIit'S tii:ing
-l'rung
Vo- A5zr,r'ia I')L?t l'htrrtttl4 qI I
Vttrtng. tli N0i ; Nlrnt'rr
Itoinq,1rth 9K Li:
'l-hnan
l$,Kioa.
9 'l't
I(lS'l'rijn Qudc'lo:in.
Phan Rang. N
ir-rh
nhdt hay
Phant l)i?u llilng. {)i\ Qufrc Ik_r Quv Nhrln. Binh l)inh
0 n6n y>0.
2i tt -z(rl
o
t *r +1)
4t =
<=1x:* tf -z1r+|;'=o
<+1x?+1- *"-*)(x2+ +{Ix*f)=
<-1r+ *
giai : Vi
dpcm
Rrit,
BAd
v0 rru rlrtjy
B,di T4l2O4 t Cho sd thqc a. X1t dd.y sd
bdi : x,, = a '
lx,,j duqc xac d.inh
xrt+t : | *n - 2- tt I udi mqi n = 0, 1, 2...
Chtng minh rd.ng day {xn} c6 gi6i han
httu han kh.i n --- *co u& hd,y tim gi6i han d.y.
LA
-...
n-7
*&
S/ q-rr
L
IH
A_
- xl
(1
Vi lim 2-n+t
0 non
tn (1) suy ra
ll+
3limr,
ll+
vA : limrr,
la
1l
Vrz
""
1Y.'tari--*l
= o.
_*fr
- ... - &n
S?
Qt= xfslxrxjlxrx, (
1x, + x, + 4)2 Sl
: --; vA ddu ":"
< ...B
Nha.
t:t
co
tt+@
=(
l; f ,. ,,.,, ,r lir sii ban giri t)i giii cho biri t.6n.
6ttt
+ la -21 I
giii
'lhut'
Qn: n,2.
Ldi giai :
Qn
4 urn"'
X6t him
(srnr
Cd.ch
xAy ra <+
)+'*+r
-'r*r)*-l
ltk-2
s6
n
:
fk) (Sr*i - r)t-1 [Sr*r +
ta co
+ tkz
Qr*r <
st*,
+ f(x) d6ng bien tren - . +
[0 fr 1]
Do dci
Sf *,
f(*t*) f(Sk+tlk+l)
:(A+1fi
nr
(vi o < r/.-r ( so +;fao (xr).
T=
l'hr)ng).
ra khi niro
_-
kc'p.
2. Clac ban cri lrti gi:ii t6t : I-e Minh'l'rung (liC'f TrIPT'
Ngir Qrrven. Bin Fiira) ; l- Anh r{i (}ILri) ; I-t Minh IIiu
II:ii
"k+l ^t+1' k
Zn
Xl X2 = ... = Xn
Gia sr]-ta cci di6u cdn chrlng minh vdi
n : k, k > 3.X6t k + 1 s6rt, x2t ...>rtnl ) 0.
Kh6ng mdt tdng qu6t, coi rk* I = min {r7, rr....
ru*r] (*). Ta cci :
Q*l : xtx2... xk* *k*t @f2,.. x** xrx."'
,t * ... * xrxr... xo*)
*^: ;tlal
= S, =
1'+
hay : linr
c6 Qz
Y xr, xr>- 0.
. X6t n > 3.Ydi n = 3 d6 thdy cti
tt+r
: x,
ra.*]
Sr*t
<+
k+I
[*/L+1
x2 : .,. : xk+ l.
Nhu vAy, ta cci di6u cdn chrlng minh v6i
n = k * 1, vi theo nguyOn li qui nap, Bii torin
1 drroc chrlng minh.
Tt dd, v6i Sr, = 1 ta drroc bdt ding thrlc
cria bii de ra, vd ddu u-" xAy ra <"+hoac
oI1
_1_
-l--.
.
-
xzl ...(r
1 n6n
+ (-1)lrl ...rn.
Hidn nhi6n xp nr ... , xn lA n nghi6m thrtc ciia
P(x), vit, do d<5, tr) dinh li Rolle, suy ra da thrlc
P'(x) = nxn-l - (n- l){-: +... + (-1),,-t Qncd
P(il
-rn
-.rrr
...
1 nghi|m thrc
(-1)"
Q,,
,i .4 ,..xi,-r: ;
Ap dung bdt
1 sd khOng
1.
16
rdng + I vd
vdi t^
=
(.2
-;
,kh6ng
vao phudng
,3'. ,1'.
tadrroc 1 - (Z) * (Z)":0hay
Bn
:2n+
: (3)'* (l)'
1c=5r
v6 nghi6m.
v6i n = 1 thi ,.,
Q, ,1,,,-t
v6in>ltacri
;*(;)'*Qn<nn,2' ,1, t2'n *(s)
,1.,
t=(E)*(e)'(e)
Ddu n=" xAy raxi - *i = ...= xl_t fll =
- x2 "' = xr, (do (1))'
kh6ng ld nghiOm
Y+V ro
> Zvi ddu
. Vay, t<im lai, q, *
1
I
?
?
d
,":*.r
fiYn
n : 2 ho5'c r, = x2 =
VAy phuong
,., =
trinh
Nh{n x& : 1: Trong 38 bqn gili lcri girii cho trii to6n, cti
ldi giii sai (chri ydu do c:lc ban hi6u sai c:ic bdt
iling thitc cd bin, nhr: bdr ding thitc C6si. bdt rling thitc
Bunhiac6pxti, v.v...). 36 bqn b6 s6t truAng hdp n = 2 trong
16 ban cho
giii
tert nhtt
htu ti.
Ldi giai : (cria ban Nguy6n Trong
D6
thdyr
(1)
hrru
- li
(3)
nhd.t ld.
l,
l,di giai
: (ctra
Ydru TOCT
-x2 + \@2 *r * 1) : o
\l\ x2 +x + 1 > 0 Vx phuong trinh da cho
tudng drrong vdi x3 - x2 + I : O
x5
+x* 1 :
<-->(x3
Dat
l+(1+-)"+(--t)'=0
\ r/
\r I
2
D4t
'x t =- bii to6n quy vd tim nghiGm
ti cria 1 + (, + l)n+ (, - 1)" = 0(2)
2* +2qfl-2+...+zerrt *1=
trinh xs * x * 1
Nghia,
hczc 11ud),
DANG HiJNG,fHANG
5(1
c6 nghiQm
Nguf itt
Bi
xtt+(x+2)n+(2-x)n=0
Anh Vd (Qr-r6c
Nguyin NhQt
Nam (BA Ria VtngTir:).Phan Minh N5z.r,fr (Quing Binh)...
DHTH Hn Noi).
ti khi vi
cd nghiQm hrru
chit<trin=1.
m'=
^-I 25 +1621
3
'"=
1^1
n0-rn-n)3 -Ott-m
<->25
(m3 +n3)
*l\tr*:\=
Snrn(m
25
*^ = I - nt. - rz Ii
-r5'+r*1=0.
16,
-n)2
*1=o
O0)
111*
*
-0,
,2n
.
,rr,
sln'7 srn'7 srn'7
xf2+x;x3**{a b6
YqY
Nhrln x6t : Nhi6u ban gi;ii tdt bnin..)y nhtt cac banNgrl,in
D{rt l'hutntg PTCS 'Irr-lng Vrt<tng l.la NOi. Pftarr Duy llwtl;
llC'l'Qtr:ing'fri. Ddo T'hi l'hin Ihang. Qu:ing Tri. l/t1 lltch
i/i ('l'hiri llinh). 7r'&r NgwAn Ngtclltl 'l'ny),...
nhr1t...."
(iirii
l?r
Biji toi.rn
phttdng
DANG I.IiJN(i'fTIANG
dd,n.g
tll
cotgza ; cotgJa
va cotgrcotgy
-I
Khi dd
,^2-r./^3n\
- \cotst , - 1) *\cotS:j - 1) *
t-6n\
+\cotSz, -r) =Z
^4n2n6w3n+2cotgjcorg *
<-->2cotg
,cotgn
7
l?n
6n
+ 2cotg cotg ,, = 2
,
<->cot#or# * cots!7otfl! +
(1)
4nT
Tcotgi = l,
Cd.ch
r = sin2t
- Ll2x.2 1- 56x - 7 = 0
* 4r)2
Hay 64xj
cri 3 nghiQm
. ,?nrx.2 stn.7
. .k
rl = sln-7
;
=
Theo dinh li Viet
thi
Iso
lxrxr*xyr+x{t = 64
lz
I
lxfft=
8
6a
13
7i)rrg (l.Ll<lng
.6?t
= srn47
Vin
otring'l'ri)
MA.J
'AN
ABC. D4ng ra
phia ngoiti to.nt gid,c do bo.7am gidc cd.n Ae ,8,
BA,C, CB,A co cdc canh dov AB. BC. CA'uit
goc.'d day'lit a. Chting min"h rang bo dudng
thang AAt, BB t, CC , dbng quy.
Ldi^giai. Kh6nglim mdt tinh tdng qurit,
g:esn! > B > C. Xdy ra:
L) e + cr < 1800. H4 BH, L AAy
CHZ ! AA, (hinh 1). Gsi M, N, P ldn ltrot giao
di6'm cria AAt, BBt,
CC, vdi BC, CA, AB, ta c6 :
_so.,ur,
BH,
MB
MB
-MC:
MC=
-c . BA, , sin(B + a)
b . CAt sin(C + a)
tudgtrr,
g6i
'
gi,d.c
-cH. = s;i
=_._:+r
ta ctng
.Ciic
MOt c6ch
dpcm.
ra thdy t
Ti)a soan nhan dudc tren 100 biri giii. dar iia
-i'r-rv
mQt trong hai qich trinh blry 11 trn.
nhin. cirn cri nhiu k'li girii khdc xrit ph:it til c/rc tl:'rng thrtc
df, bidt trrrngchtkhg trinh phd th6ng c'ilng ch6 cic c:rrch chitng
minh d6c tl:lro. DUa viro c6ch giii 2 nhier-r han cirn cho r.uirt
loat c6c he thfing cling thitc tltdng tU.
NC;.ryr-.N
= Zcot*acotga
Khi.r+y*z:tt.
+ cotg
Nhin x6t.
sd
Tuy
Ldi gi6i.
1^ :
r
-sln-a
xfft
thllc
111+-*
^ =E
. ,2n srn-7
,3n srn-7
,fu
su1-7
-.
NC
NA
-
_csin(B + a)
6sin(C + a)
-asin(C + a)
csin(A * a)
PA ______-______--_
-bsin(A + a)
_
pB = asin(B + o)'. Suv ra
PA MB NC
_
.: .
= -1. Theo dlnh li S6va,
PB MC --NA
tacdAA, , BB1 , CC, ddngquy.
:
212
+.r =
1800. Ta cci
AAt , BBl
CCI
A+
--.,,
MB
f,
_MB
-brir(Aj_")
asin(B * a)
+ a)
NC_osin(C+a)
va_PA bsin(A
+
+ a)
csin(A
a)
asin(B
NA
PB
MC
MC
PA MB :NC :
Suy ra:
.
-1, vi ta cci dpcm.
PB =MC NA
Yry AA, , BBt , CC, ludn ludn ddng quy.
(\i .ltl irii giii tnrng sij dri chi c(r I hiri giiri vri
60n. (::ic ban co l<ii gi:ii tdt lir : Ngu1,6n"lieng Nghia
(l lAr. P't-lll Viet 1-ri. Vinh Phri), I'hqn Minh Phuong (l0A
C"fl)llsPl lli N(riy. l'hutt Minh l\fin (10'l.I,fTll Lam Sctn
'l-hanh llria). lloirng Si liing (chr-ryen to:.in C2NK -l'1, 'i'hhi
Nhrln x6t :
vi liiv
r.r
D.\NG vr
1:
aj1 +y --1,
+
(l) OM - ,tOMt + {3OM2 + yOMt,
xi*J;*2,:t;
e&a x,
y, z
vd,
*y * z = t (*)
t, tit
__.>
tt
(V O)
(1) d6
yO'M'7
9
k>-Zcotga I+ cotgp
d6:x*y*z<t;(**)
t,
Nh$n x6t . Da s6 c6c ban cleu bidt dLta hii to6n nAy vd
nghia lA di bi6t sil dung ng:y6n tic ctlc
h4n (haii nguven tIc phdn tit bi6n). 'tuy nhien, chua b4n nAo
tim dildc loi giii nhrr r15 tnnh biry <1 trn. Kh6ng thdy ban
niio ph^6t hiQn ra rSng qui tich cdn tinr lA mQt kh6i b5t din
bii toin'Il0/181,
cri 6 dinh mi ta cri th6 xem li hctp cria hai kh6i ch6p t(l giec
cri chung rl6y b:ing ba cilch kh6c nhau : K(P.QRQ'R'.P') hadc
K ( Q. RP R' P'. Q' ) h{\4c K ( R. P Q P'Q I R'7, trong d<i ba dtt'tng ch6o
PP', QQ'vi RR'tldng quy 6 tAm I n{t cdu r6i ti6p t( din.
giu
bdng mOt l{c
hqp uoi phuong
thang ding
mQt g6c F.A ui
tri cdn bang
thanh AB hqp
udi phuong
fuang ding
mQt g6c a. He
sd ma sdt nh6
ddu B duoc
::::::::::
',,:,,':,,':::::,
:r:i:,ri:
,,,
k^ = 2 I *rfB.
1
h* : i
ta drtoc cotgp
Nh{n x6t.
C6 3 em c6
Theo dd bai
7 hay
p=
Ml'
:::::::!:
iiii::iil
,,
,,
toc
tW = n;@ +6
l(sinacos!
t
suy ra
cosasinp)
stnp
cotgp
(2)
'or=
Khi K d6ng
R *r = 1096,8{2, suy ra I, = 0.2A
Urr= 198V; In, = 0J3M;
IA, = IC - IAz= 0,0664
Urr: 0,6534V , IAt = 0,06534,4.
Nhfn x6L
&N, suy ra
giii
oK
l0
45o.
mach. Ampe kd
.:.:.:.:.:
la
Zcotga
suy ra
cotgp
I
= 2 + cotgp
),),),),:,
F.,,.
2cotg45o
ii.i,ii;.;
t)ra-'
k>
:rr1r,
,,,,,,:,
nhd,tgiua]:j'::':':'i'i'i::i,i:,!,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,:,!,:,{,li|!}:]i'i-:-:::':':,:,:':.:,i']:'i'::':]]
nhd.t
thanh AB uit mat phdng rugq.ng dd n6 c6 thd
ndm cdn bd.ng udi mgi 30o a s 45o Id
kr,
(3)
KI
RA
NAY
o- li
o,,
:
Bai fii108
cric s6
Cho
e1, ...,
duoag 16, tAt cA d6u Lhbng'cci udc,'nguy6n td
l6n hon 5. Chrlag minh rlng
11115?..
nguyan.
ola2anS
Bii
m6nr*y*z:xyz
Chrtng rninh
ring
zlb6a
='G;.ffi
+q -ttTlV
-11717
:r
-\rTrr
trinhr3
xy
111
a_
sinzA sin2B
sin2C
2sin
oarra
-0
1,
DpE
1,
O, Idn luot
li
ABC
, sin 7 sin ,
vAu Nrri
-1+--->---.>-+
+BB1+CC1+DD.+EE)
OO:.:
E (M,
lE oudc HAN
BAi T5/208 : Goi R li brin kinh mat
ngoai tiep | ffio, frb,nLc,
nt \J Ie dO
x:y:z=a:b:c
C6c dd Vat
cdu
Rr lU (mo*mb*ruc+md).
Khi nAo thi xAy ra ding thrlc.
HOANG HOA TRAI
a-
+ -{;l-\r
--
yz
\fQ +;TO
li
'
c6 cdc ki hi6u r110V.60W.50H2.
Khi ndi hai
ddu ddy cria qu4t vdo 2 cuc cria chidc pin cd
sudt di6n d6ng 1,5von vd di6n trd trong nh6
kh6ng dring kd thi cudng d6 dbng diQn ch4y
quadquatlDr0,025A.
1. Tim tliQn.trd Ro vi hQ s6 c6ng sudt dinh
mrlc cta quat diQn. 2. Mudn dirng qu4t din trn d d diQn ray
c*ri6u 22OV - SOHz ngudi ta m6c ndi tiSp cho n*i
mdt tu din. Tirn din dung thich hgp cria tq di6n.
TRUONG MINH TUE
1r
.I
1'11208
t,,,
()
: u,, * 1
ett
n*
{Ani+},
7, 2...
1,2...)
yz
\rd
- \n +7
' - \fi-Ez _____0
+\t(TTFxr +JT
xy
l'lLAN Xtlr\N I)AN(l
111_f
_-_
J_ _
--?1--++
: @A, + BBt + CCt + DD, + EEt)
OOt
E
Lll QtlO(l tlAN
*,
* (mo*ntb+mr*m4)
T{OANG TIOA'I'RAI
L2
11
--+-+...+
ar az
a,
<
15
--:E
DAN(; IiUNG'f}IANG
r = {s + {-/-+-F +
f ___
rJs Gr --F
Apply this result to resolve the equations
x:r+r * 1= 0 and 20x3 - 15x2 - 1 = 0.
]'RAN V,\N VUONG
rneets
ArB,
that if AK = BE =
NG
tJYIIN
X:Y:Z:a:b:c
For each such point, cletermine exactly its
positive and calculate x, y, z
NCiLlYt,N DANG PIIAT
-. -- -1--
-, -
A'
IJI tfcll
c[lA cAc D[lJ *,
lrrrr-l
-,
r,!,
I 63
4
0
6
27
45
79
ln7-5.
Thd,i
CIeAu
chrit.
"i
,rfrr'r
f7
r--l
@Ed* icAfiBGE
U/* ed$e
tr;*fi
PIlr\N t-tIANtj QU.\NG
14
#-N6BaffiK
vA
cAt
cAcH DAY
HgC TOAN
(GrAr
ricu
12
ccGD)
!11tnxt-(ax*6)l:o
- Tuy rn6i s6ch gi6o khoa trinh bay ccj kh6c
nhau nhrJng phuong phdp chrlng rlinh nhu
crich chrlng minh trong s6ch GiAi tich 12 tru6c
CCGD. Vdi phttong phap d<i. ta phAi dung hinh
v6 : dudng thing D *L (C) t_gv rang (Ct c'htta
xrlc dinh vi xrlt g6c a : (OK, D) hoSc rz li.
gdc nilon tao bdi truc hoanh vi D.
- I{sc sinh 16p 12 di hoc I{inh hoc giAi tfch.
vi v6y t6i dd nghi c6ch giAi dinh li tr6n nhu
sau
lar-ftxt+bl '
MII = L--*l,_\ta
{r
cua (C)
lrl-f1x1 +hl
- -_-lLnt
.tr+ W+1
*]1i
[ax
f(x\ +
bl :
cA
DiNrt CIUL;
(,
H
rf
E'
EE
-
tu
*e
U
T*
?rong hinh hoc, ngodi cdc bAi torin truy6n thdng mang tinh chdt dinh hinh vd
dinh tinh sdu s6c (dga vAo c6c ddc trrrng hinh hoc co bAn duoc ph6t bidu thdnh c6c
dinh li hinh hoc) cdn cd nhrrng bdi to6n kidu gh6p hinh vi chia hinh mang m6t nOi
dung khric. Phuong phdp khAo sdt cdc loai. todn ndy thrrdng dtta tr6n mdt vii dac
tinh rdt ri6ng bi6t va rdt don giAn, cri khi chi li nhrlng suy ludn l6gic hinh thfc trrdng
nhu kh6ng cri gi li6n quan t6i hinh hoc nhrt cdc nguy6n li Diricle, ti6u chudn chia h6i
cira mOt s6 tu nhi6n cho m6t s6 nguy6n cho trudc, ...
C6c bii to6n gh6p hinh va chia hinh c<j thd xem nhu li nhfng bii torin so ding
cira hinh hoc td hop. Trongbdi ndy, chring ta-s6 xem x6t mdt s6 tinh chdt don giAn
ctia m6t bii torin phAn hoach da gi6c (16i, phing) thdnh cdc tam giSc bing m6t h6
th6ng didm cho tnt6c trong da gtrdc dd. Ddi v6i m6t da gi6c K ctro trt6c, ki hi6u K
ld tdp hop tdt chcdc didm trong ciaK. Ta ndi didmM Kndu M e K hodcM la
didrn biOn c'{ua K. D6' tr6nh su vi pham nhirng khrii ni6m co bAn cria hinh hoc, ta
kh6ng coi ba didm thang hAng In mdt tam gi5c.
Vi dtt J. ChotrlgiSc ABCD vididmMlndidmtrongcta tttglac. Khidcjcrjba
khi nang :
i) M kh6ng nAm tr6n AC vd BD
ii) M nam tr6n AC vd d ngodi BD (hodc ngttoc lai)
iii) M nam tr6n AC vit BD
OF
(J
:|||:|,,|||,,'.,:,,,
GJ
FE
(D
a
-
E
(J
A
v
Ching - han,
trong vi du 1,
ddi v6i tnrdng
hop i) so c6 cac
E
H
v,
H
IT
A
[E
;il;;
Jo,u,rie i ; ;' t' ;;;ii ;#; h;;;h j :'b ;'JJ;';; ;;;h ;hil'h ilh' i;; Uilr,;
vi tri tuong
trrong dOi
d6i cia
ddi
cria c6c
cua
cric dic"m
didm cta
cria bO didm
did'm de
da cho
chocho-ddi
d6i v6i da
da giac
Ei6c K.
k . Ngay
NEav cA khi
kli
Jl
tAp hqp
tap
hop c6c didm cho tru6c trong
tronE da gi6c
Ei6c ld tAp
tAo r6ng
r6no thi v6n
vAn cd
r thd c<i nlhi-6u c6ch
t
"o
vd.o
vao
phdn hoach.
Vi d4L 2. V6i ngri gi6c ABCDE ta c6 5 crlch phdn hoach tam
cric drrdng ch6o cira ngu gi6c xudt phrit tri dinh A, B, C, D, E)
g76c
1 GIAI xU,{T
SAC
'
HA NQi.
3. GiAI
NHi
ui tudi trd
4. GTAI
BA:
Ph0.
Ti Trhn
NQi.
NOi.
Phan L,!aa,
llb
10T, PTTH
Drutl
f71111g
Tnng,
*T
NOi.
Nguyin KiEu
Ltodng Rhdt
HA N0i.
Lt
Vdn
Phan
2. GIAI NHAT
hgc
LC
Nhi, He NQi
Lt
frar,
llrhng
NSf,e Rn
llitng Minh,
Vinh"Long
NOi,
Li lluy
16
gi5.c
s:4-2+2":4g:100.
Do vdy, kdt ludn cria bdi torin ld hidn nhi6n.
NhAn x6t reng sd 49 Id s6 nh6 nhdt dd bei
L:
.,,,...,..;,..;.:...,.;.;:,,,;,:,',.,.,,,,.,':,,:.,,,',,.,....'...,.:.,.,,:,,.,.:,..:.
cuaKddubangn-2.
. DAy ld bdi to6n giin don d6i v6i chrrong
-q=1r-2+2nt(l)
Tu1-nhi6n, 6 ddy, chfng ta kh6ng d6 cdp ddn
srJ-tdn t4i ciia-phAn hoach tarn gi6C cua n'-$ac
,t theo b6 riz didm, tlongK (Xin ban doc trr chrlng
minh su tdn tai cira ph6p phdn hoach).
cci dien
ticfr <
fr.
cria hinh
vuong
n6n chi cdn xet M
thudc LEAD. Vi
dudng r,nal1g
ouong
thi.ng cnu:t
chil:t
Etr' Id truc ddi xtlng
r I
,,
-i'^,
^
^
n6n
chi cAn
xet die.m
M tr6n .EF. Tr) dci, chon
M trdn EF dd s(MBDt : s(MAD) vA" ta thu
&tac M Ii trung didm cria Ef. Khi dci idy
o, : SMAD = ll8. (cac k6t quA tr6n d6 ddng kidm
tra ndu ta dnt hinh vu6ng trong h6 truc toa d6
vu6ng g6cA(0,0), B(0,1), C(1,1t vdD(1,0))
R6 rdng gi5 tri o.: ll8 vdn cdn dting cho
trr.tdng hop cci hai didm trong hinh vu6ng.
" Tuy nhi6n, neu s6 didm ld 3, 4 hoAc 5 vd
dinh cria c6c tam giSc trong phAn hoach ld cac
didm dl cho vi. 4 didnr tny y c6 dinh trong
hinh vuong tthay cho 4 dinh hinh vu6ng) thi
cdc tinh todn trd nen rat. phtlc 1ap.
NCiI.JYEN
VAN MATI
THONG BAO
THVTT
I
I
Blt
("
I
rl
l)
a
-I
+g -'D *E-K-B
-->A.
BiNH PHLIONG
-.-)L.--^
ffiHBWffi
* -
tsffiffi ffiffiffi
?d thidt ttrqlc ki nigm 30.ndm ngay ra sd b6o ddu ti6n (10. 1964) va dap
LIng nguyen vong,cua d6ng dAo ban doc, tap chi THVTT se pl16t hdnh
cu6n s6ch TUYEN rAp so NAM nAo ToAN HoC vA TUOI TRE.
S6ch g6m c6c bAi vidt hay vA c6c dd to6n cing tdi giai tuy6n chon trl
c5c s6 b6o da ra trong 30 ndm.
Mong c6c ban d6n doc.
o Dia phuong vd cA nhAn ndo c6 nhu cdu mua v6i sd luong l6n xin grti
y6u cdu tru6c vd toa soan.
THVTT
ISSN: 0866 -
8035.
Chi sd 72884
Md s6 : 8BT10M4
Gi6 : 1500d
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