Be crAo DUC vA DAo

rAo * ugr roAN Hec vrFr NAM

Brzrsl

tap csi

RA NGAY

rr uANc tHAr.Ic

\o

ce
.f-l-+r
t*

=z
Ci

,(rll, ,(<

I\

FIF
.O" F

N
\

c'X
=,:

=r
=s7e

G 'X

o(=

rD:-:.
"E:h
t tte

o+c!

,6.5
,X
btlr
f,i-rI

G*-h

g.,; E

**

"N
\
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^\S

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t)\

N
N
\
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*

Doitn hoc sinh ViQt Nam du tlti Toan Qudc td ll.n thu 36 tai Canada : Tit trai qua phdi, hitng
/rdn : Nguy6n Th6 Phttong, Ngd D6c Tudn, Dio Hii Long ; h.d,ng d,u6i : Nguy6n Thd
Trung, Cao Ven H4nh, Ph4m Quang Tudn.

ToAN HQC VA TUbI TRE

MATHEMATICS AND YOUTH

MUC LUC

tr

DDrnh cho c6c

b4n Trung hgc Co sd

For Lower Secondary School Leuel Friends

L Qudc Hd.n - Ho drrdng th&ng di qua m6t
didm cd dinh

tr

il
tr

fl

Giai bai ki trudc

Solution of Problem,s in Preuious Issue
C5c bni c:iua s6 214
Nguydn Van MQu'- Ki thi 0lympic To6n
Qu6c td ldn thrt 36.
D6 ra ki nhy - Problerus of this tssue
Cric bni ttr ?11218 d6n T'10/213, L'',218, LZl2l8
Tim hidu siu th6m tn6n hgc phd th6rrg

3
9
10

$[eui:6"ri
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Helping Young Friends Gain Better Understanding

in Secondary School Maths
12
Trd.n Xud.n Ddng - Da thrlc bdt kh6 quy

n
tr

L Quang Anh - Hinh chrl nhAt vdng

Hod.ng Ching - Dd thi hoc sinh gi6i To6n
tinh Minh HAi

Gini tri to6n hgc

Fun with Mothentatics
Binh Phuong - Gibi d6p bdi : Di6n
Pham Hi^rng

sd

vio tam

14

uB{r&s;
:.i.,$AAIri:Irf
:i:::::::::::::::::l:::rlii::i::iii::

ilti6!:r:::l;rtf,fi$ii

w*En
L;:.:.::Y::li

,,XtnPli:,:,:Jt{

gi6c

C6t gh6p hinh vu6ng.

..ss6$
rraag.
i::i::rti:::::::::::::::::::

Tru sd tba soqn :

458 Hirng Chu6i, HAt NQi
231 Nguy6n VEn Cil -

TP Hd Chi Minh

DT: 213786

DT:356111

Bien ffi.p uir. tr! s4: VU KIM THIIY

rrinh bay : NGIIYE*TPT
rtl KTM _r.Y.{9
THITY

I}enh eho cie bqn Trrung hgc co s&

Hg DrlONc TH.fl,Nc Dr euA MQr

orfu

IE Qudc Hin (Xgtrg An)

-Bdi tozin chfng minh ho drrdng th&ng di
qua mdt didm cd dinh ln bdi to:ln thri vi vd
thudng gdp trong c6c ki thi ddnh cho hqc sinh
phd th6ng Trung hgc ctl sd, Cci hai phrrong

dec bi6t kh6ng d6 ddng. Ch{ng ta, tirAm chi

chi cdn x6t m6t trrldng hop dnc bidt, nhrrng
th6m vio dci Ii cA kho tdng kinh aghiQm giAi
toSn cria minh.

hrl6ng chinh dd gi6i ldp bdi todn nay : sri dung

cOng cu hinh hoc vd c6ng cu dai s6' Trong bdi
b6o rrav, t6i xin trao ddi vdi citc ban vdi hrrdng
sriy nghi dd tidp cAn vi:i vdn d6 tr6n'

Thi dq 2 : Cho tam giric ABC vd hai

clidm i1.1, N chuydn d6ng tr6n AB vi AC sao
cho BM : C]{. Chrlng urinh duong trung trrrc
(A) criaMN lu6n lu6n di qua mOt didm cd dinh.

I)

Phdn iir:dn didm cd dinh

Dd x6c dinh didrn c6 d!nh, ta lav hai drrdng

thing cria ho (thrrirng chon vi tri dac biet) vd

tim giao S cria chring. Kbi dd S li didm cd dinh

cdn tim. Sau dci, chrlng minh rndt dudng thing
bdt ki cria ho di qua S.
Thi dq 1 : Cho gcic vu6ng eoy vd hai
didm A vi B chuydn dQng tr6n Or vi Oy sao
cho OA * OB : o (a li dO dai cho trtldc). Chrlng
minh drrdng trung trdc crla doan AB lu6n iu6n
di qua urQt didrn cd dilh.

Aay, cci m6t trudng hop dac bi6t cira (A)

le khi M = B, N = C thi (A) chinh ld trung

trrtc cria doan BC. Cd thd, khi AB * AC,ldy
th6nr rn6t vi tri nita (A) (khi AB : AC thi bai
to:in li tdm thtldng).
. Gia sitAB < AC. Trn AC ldy didm.A/,, sao
cho CN,, : BA. Khi dd didm cd dinh S li giao
didm cira dudng trung truc doan BC vi dudng
trung trdc doan ANo. Tuy nhi6n, vi6c chrlng
minh drtdng trung trtlc cria doan MN bdt ki di
qua S gap khri \han.
Ta chi giil mdt tnidng hop ddc bi6t, khi (A)
ld trung trtlc doan BC vit mdt trudng hop tdng
qu6t. Khi dd, S, giao didm ctra chung s6 lA
trung didm cria cung BAC. Dd trdnh khrj
khan, ta chrlng minh gi6n tidp : ldy didm girra
S ctra cung BAC r6i chrlng minh trung trtlc
cria MN di qua S. Di6u ndy ctlc d6 : ASil4B =
ASNC (c.g.c) + SM : SN + trung truc doan
Mli di qua S (cric ban tu vE ldy hinh).

2)

Sir ilunX bdi todn phu :

nhi6u bdi to5n phu girlp cho vi6c giii

l6p trni todn niy. Tdi xin n6u mQt trong c5c
bdi torin dd (dd nghi cric ban bd sung th6m
danh s6ch cria ch"ring).
Cho dAy AB c6 dinh ci.ia m6t drldng trdn (O)
vi m6t didrn C chuydn ddng tr6n cgpg.AB nlo
dci dd x6c dinh. Khi dd, phAn g15c ACB ludn
lu6n di qua didrn gifra cria cungAB cbn lai.
C<i

Dd chrlng minh, ta x6t hai vi tri dec bi6t

cluraAvnB. Khi A= O thiB: Bo(Br.eOy
v.d OB,, - a) * dudng trung trrJc cria AB tr&
thanh'Mz, trung trtlc cria doan O8.,.

KhiB : 0thi A = An(Ao e Or vb.

OAo= o) = drrdngtrungtnlc c:iuaAB trd thdnh

N/, trung trrtc doan OAo.
Goi S ln giao cria Mz vb'N, thi
SIJ\/=N- SBM (c.g.c) + SA : SB + trung
trdc doan AB di qua S.
Tuy nhi6n, trong nhi6u trtidng hgp, vi6c
xdc dinh didm cd dinh dqa vAo hai trudng'hgp

Thi dq 3 : Cho doan th&ng AB

c6 dinh vd

rn6t didm M chuydn d6ng tr6n doan AB. DUng

c5c hinh vudngAMCD vdBMEF sao cho chring
E cing m6t nita dtrdng mat phing v6i bd AB.
Goi N lir giao didrn cria AE vd BC . Chrlng rninh

drrdng

thing MN lu6n lu6n di qua m6t didm

c6 dinh.

_-Qrro" ryLta thdyN MA.E =N MCB +

MEA = MBC + AE L BC + N nim tr6n

drrdng trbn dtrdng kinh AB.

Aat V+9g\ANCM ln trl gi5c noi tidp-lQn

ANM = ACM:45o+MN lnphdn glec ANB.
Ap dUng bii to6n phs, ta d,; AiO, phAi chrlng
minh.
3) Sh dung cdng cq dqi sd :

Ta lQp phuong trinh crla h9 dudng thing

(A), chring thrJdng phq thu6c vio 1 tham s6 nz
ndq dd. Vi6t phuong trinh (A) du6i d4ng :

* g(x,,y) = O
Khi dd h9 dudng thing (A) lu6n lu6n di qua
didm cd dinh cd toa dQ li nghiQm cria hQ
mf(x, y)

trsng tdm A,OAB vi (a) ln dudng thing di qua

G vd (d) t AB. Chrtng minh (d) ludn lu6n di
qua mQt didm cd dinh.
Bii to6n 2 z Clno gcic vu6ng xOy. Trdn Or
ldy didm A cd dinh. Tr6n Oy cd m6t didm B
chuydn ddng. Drrdng trbn (1, r) n}i tidp tam
g1ec OAB tidp xtc vdi AB tai M vd BO tai N.
Chrlngminh dudngthingMNlu6n ludn di qua
mQt didm cd dinh.
BDri to6n 3 : Cho dudng tron (O, E) vn dAy
AB cd dinh. C ld mQt didm chuydn d0ng tr6n
drtdng trdn. M lA trung didm AC. KA MH L BC
chrlngminh drrdng th6;ngMH luOn lu6n di qua
m6t didm c6 dinh.
Bid torin 4 : Cho drrdng trdn (O, R) vd ddy
AB c6 dinh, C ln mQt didm chuydn dQng tr6n
otng AB x6c dinh trrl6c. Gqi CD vi CM ld phdn
gi6c trong vi trung tuydn cl0'a L,CDM. Dudng
trdn ngo4i ti6p A,CDM cilt AC vd CB tqi M vit
N. Chrlng minh drrdng trung trqc cta doAn
MN lu6n ludn di qua 1 didm cd dinh.
Bii to6n 5 : Cho nrla drrdng tfiin (O, R)
dudng kinh AB vd m6t didm C chuydn dQng
tr6n nfta dudng trdn. Drrng (v6 phia ngoii
dqdng trbn (O, R)) hinh vu6ng BCDE.
1) Chrlng minh EC lu6n lu6n di qua mOt
didm cfi dinh.
2) Tim tflp hgp I, tim hinh vu6ng dti.

phuong trintr

DA TIIUC gAT Kru( QTIY

(Tidp theo trang 13)

o
)f(x, t) =
y) = o
ls(r,

Cdc thf du tr6n d6u cd thd giAi bing phrrong

phrip dai i0. Ta x6t l4i thi du 1. Lap hQ tqa dO

vu6ng g6c c6 truc hoinh chita Ox vi trgc tung

ch(ta Oy. Kh6ng mdt tdng qurit, gi6 stl a = L.
Ndu toa dO A(M, O) thi toa dO B(0, I - m).
Phrrongtrinh trungtrgc (Au) ctnAB cri dang :
(x - ro)2 + (y - !6)2 : (x - xs)z + (y - yilz

*y2 = x2 + [y - (l - m11z
+Zm(x +y - 1) + (1 - 2y) = 0,
V{y hq dudng thing (Ay) lu6n lu6n di qua
hay (r

m\2

didm c6 dinh S cd tga d0 la nghiQm cria

[r*v-1=0

hQ

1r-"*=o =t'=Y=r'

Vi khudn khd crla m6t bdi brio, t6i xin drlni

lar tal dny vi mong c6c b4n tidp tUc hinh trinh
vli citc bDri to5n sau :
Bii todn 1 : Cho gdc vuOng xOy.TtdnOx
vd Oy c<i hai didm 14, B chuydn dQng sao cho

Blri to6n : Tim da thfc ctrc. x cd b4c nh6

nh6t v6i c6c h6 sd nguyOn cri m6t nghi6m li
rf7

+ 15.

(D6 thi chon HSG P.T.T.H

hoc 1983-1984)

toin

qudc nam

Hu6ng d6n : Da thrlc f(x) : ,6 - 6*4 - 6*3

+ l2i2 - 36r * I s6 ld mQt da thrlc cria r c6 bdc
nh6 nhdt v6i cdc hQ sd nguyOn cci m6t nghi6m
ta r/7 + 18.
Cu6i cung

'

li

mQt sd

bii t6p dinh cho bq.n doc :

Bai I : Gi6srlor,\t ..tanlb,nlisdnguyen Ltuic

nhau tr)ng d6i mQt. Chrlng minh ring da thrlq (r

- ar)(x - oz) ...(x * a) - I bdt khA quy tron e

Bei 2 : Tim da thrlc cti bic nh6 nhdt vdi criq

hQ sd'htu ti vd cti m6t nghi6m ld :
1l{Z + B{B +

OA* OB.= a (ald d0 dai cho trtr6c). Gqi G li

-:

112

+ ltlZ+

B\i,g

_{Z

Bili TLlzil4.

trinh f

Cho

,[

*bxlc:

td.

nghiQm cila phuong

o (a,b, c e Q)
Tim cd.c nghiQm cbn lai.
Ldi giai. Vi \f5la nghiQm cta phtrong trinh

x3+oa2*bx*c=0

B,di T1l2l4
Voi m6i s6 fit nhi4n n l6n hnn 7.sao cho
2n - 2 chia hdt cho n, hd'y tim UCLN
(22n-r -2,2n -L).

Liri

giii
:

22"

- | -Z :

N-)

(A

n6n ta

-2

2(22^

Do a, b, c

- 2,

n n6n 2n - 2 = nk

'

2n

dd ta thdy ngoai nghiQm r = rI5 phuong

(1)
cbn cri c6c nghiQm x = -'i.5, x = -a
trinh

- l'

Tt

v6iaeQ.

R4n Nguyn

2. Nhi6u b4n dd giAi t6r

'

-4

4 tht 122 -1

bii niy

2.

Zo

11

2o

Nh{n x&,

1.

Da s6 cac @n giAi theo

c:4ch

trcn

2. CAc ban : VtT Tudn Anh. 87, NK ThAi Nguycn, BEc

'fhli ; Dinh Httu Todn,8T, NK Thi xa Ninh Binh ; N6'uydzr

l.

T'rung Thturh, Trhn TiLn Giang, 9T, NK HA Tinh cla ph6t bidu
gidi tdr bAi toiin tiing qu5t, hca sau ddy : Cho { n ld nghi?m

vi

L Quang Huy. 9T Ndng khidr-r Thii

3*b=0vd3o*c=0

e(xz-3)(r*o)=Q

('hinghanvctin

(2)

Q n6n trJ (2) suy ra

e(x3-3r)*(a.x2-3a)=O

Dtlc Trung,8A. trildng NK Hoing H6a,

Thanh Hoa cho ring bii niy kh6ng cin tlcin gii thi6t
2r - 2i n nrivSnc6 k6t qui li2n- l.Khingdinh ne1'lA
sai.

rl51a+b)+3a*c=0

x3*axZ-3r-3o=0

22"-2*l=2nk-,
Me2nk-1; 211-l
Suy ra (22" -t - 2,2n - 1) :
l.

Nghia lA ta cci : b = -3 vd c = -3a

Thay cac g15.tr! niy cria b vi c vdo (1) ta cci :

Dodti

Nh{n x6t

3{5 +3o +rl-ga *c =

hay

7)

(1)

c<i

Ta
Theo giA thi& 2n
c<j

+an2

Ngr.r1'66. BEc

Th6i

cia phuong trlnh x' + art + bx )- c : 0, a, b, c e Q, n

tw nhin khing chlnh phuong. Tlm cdc nghiQm cbn lqi.

Nguy1n Anh,Dung.9CT. THCS Cuu Long, Lrldng Sdn, Hda

Binh; L Minlt Dtic.6A NK I'huAn Thar:frl. Nguyitt LA Dung
8T' NK Bic Ninh. HA Bic ; Phitng Dtic Tudn.9T NK Thanh
l-Iir, NamThanh, HAi Hilng ; Ngul'6n HdDul' 8T, chur'6n Phri
Xuyen, HA 'lay ; NguyAn Minh Vit.9C Ngqc L6m. Gia LAm,
Phan Thanh TDng. 7CT Nghia'16n, Npyin Qudc Thdng, gC
flai B6i, DOng Anh i NgO Ddc T-ing,:7Ar, Giing V6, Dd hic
Hqnh,8M, Ddng QuangNguycn 9M Marie Ctr rie, Khudt Mirth
Dt?c, 6tl. Nguyan Hbng Hdn, THCS Tn-rng Vudng, HA Noi ;
P h anr T ht.t Htt ong 8Ar, H6ng B dng, H o dng V{t M anh, 46 Phan
BOi ChAu, Hai Phdng ; Hd Thanh Tudn, Vft Tthn Cuong. 7'1,
NgtyAn Tidn Trung, Ob Oieu Ngtc 8T, I{grtydn Anh Hoa,
Ngttyn Thanh Nga.9T. Tr6'n DIng Ninh, Narn Dinh, Nanl
HA ; Hodng Minh Thdnh, SD THCS NK Thanh H6a,llpyln
Thi Nha Qujnh 8T NK Hoing H6a, Phgm Anh Tudn, L6
Minh Thdnh 9'1. Lam Scln, Thanh H(ta ; Nguy7n ViQt Drtng,
9CT Phan BQi ChAu. Nguyn Quang IIo. p 8A NK Qu} nh Lrlu,

Ngh An ; L Viln Hdo 9T, NK Hudng Khc. Trhn Honi

Thaong L Ngqc Hbng Vtt, Trinh Kim Chi, Nguy|n Trung
Thdnh 9T NK Fin Tinh ; Triin Di': San, 7 chuydn Ba D6n,
QuingTrach. Trhn Qud LAm, DAo Duy Tti. Ddng H6i, Quing
B\nh, N gty 6 n H ar.r Nglrl, 8T chuyn Quing Tri, L C h i T h dn h,
8 chuyEn Nguyen Tri Phucrng. Luu Thi Phaong Nga, 9"
Nguv6n Tri Phudng, Hud. ; Trbn Vif t Llung,9/2 THCS Chu
Vin-An, De NEng ; L Quang Ndm 9T chuy6n Dfic Phii,
Ngzydn Minh QuAn, TT chuyn Nghia H2rnh, QuAng Ngai ;
NgA Qudc Anh, 6T chuyn Phan Chu Trinh, Bu6n Ma ThrQt,
Dic Lic ; NguyAn Quan Long.9/8 Nguyen An Ninh. Vfing
Tdu, Bi Rfa - Vfing Tiu ; Phan Thi Thu Hdng,8T Bdi drl6ng
GD, Bi6n I-lda, Trinh Anh Vtt, 9-l chuyn Le Quf D6n, Long
I(h6nh, D6ng Nai ; Phan Huy Vti. 8CT, Ng6 Quydn, TP
.HCM ; Trbn Httu Nhon, 9't chuy6n Nguy6n Binh Khirn,
Vinh Long ; Nguyn L LLrc,9Al, Ddm Ddi, Minh Hei.

li

sd

3. C6c ban c6 ldi giai t6t I LC Quang Huy,9T, NK TirSi

Ngrydn, BXc Thfi ; Hd Ngpc Thdnh,81', Chuy6n Tanr Dio ;
Ngqt|nMinh Phaong,gA. Minh Phuong, Vit Tri, Vinh Phri;
Phqm Huy Ttng,9A, 86 Van Din; Nguydn Minh Viet, 9C,
Nggc I-Am, Gia LAm ; Tdng Ngpc Ttl, D6 D*c Hqnh. SM ;
D ( ng Qu an g N guy A n, 9M, Marie C\rrie ; Ngzrr 6 n Qu d c Th d n g,
9C, Hai B6i ; Vtt Thanh Hing,ST, Chuy6n, D6ng Arih ; D{zg
Quang Linh, Trhn Htu Drtc, SCT ; Vo Quyth Anh, 9CT.
Nghia TAn, Tti Liem, Ha NOi ; Bni Thd Trung, TAt,Hdng
llieng ; D (ng Anh Tud n, 9T, Trdn Phf , HAi Phdng ; TO H qnh.
DOng Flodng, DOng Hung ; Dodn Minh Dtc,8D, Chuy6n
Quj,nh Phu ; Phing Thanh Ting Trinh Xutur Dttong, 9-1,
Clruydn, Thei Binh ; Hd Mqnh Hilng, 8T, NK ? Ycn ; Nguydn
Tidn Trung Bili Anh Tudn, ST ; Bli-i Quang Hdi,9'1, Trdn
DEng Ninh, Nam Dinh, Nam Hi. NgayEn Tidn Hda,7T,NK
Binr Sdn ; N gt ty 6n Khuy d n L dn, 8D, NK Thinh ph6, D 6 llbng
' Son, L Minh Thdnh, 9T, Lam.Son, Thanh H6a ; Trbn Nam
Dilng; Nguyn Anh Tudn; Nguydn Thdi Thp; Ngtryn Thinh.
9T. Phan BOi ChAu, NghQ An ; Trinh Kirn Chi; Nguyin Anh
Son. 9T, NK ; ld Ngoc Hbng.Vil, 9T. NK Hrlclng Kh, HA
Tlnh; Hodng Mqnh Cudng.9r, D6ng Mi, Dong H6i ; Trhn
Hf,eu Lqrc,9CT, Chuy6n QuAng Trpch, Quing Binh ; Nguy|n
Huu Nghi,SCT, ChuyCn, Quing Tri ; Phan Huy yfi,8C'1,
Ngo Quydn ; NgtryAn Duc Thdnh,9z, Chuyn Colette, TP.
Hd Chi Minh; Trhn Httu Nhon,9T, Nguy6n Binh Khim,

Vinh Long.

'

'16 NauvEN

Bidi Tgll24. Trn rnQt phd,ng cho 5 d.idm

A, B, C, D, E sao cho hhOng c6 ba didm nd'o
thd.ng hd.ng. Nguiti ta n(ii tdt cd cdc dogn th&ng
c6 hai dd.u lit. hai trong cd'c didm d6, rbi t0 cd.c

VO KIM THUY

dobn thd.ng ndry hoQc xanh, hoQc ud.ng, hod,c cirpg r-'ArJ. Ap dqng dlnh li Ta-16t, kdt hop
dd mQt cd.ch hu hqa. Cll.tng m.inh rdng lu1n
v6l (1), ta c6 E lA'
didm cria MN, do drj
luan thu duoc lt nhdt m1t ttl gid.c (lbi, t6m -E trirng i6i I,hay lpi4g
DIH = 90o. Vfly I nAm tr6n
hoqc kh.6ng don) udi s6, md.u'crta cdc canh
dudng trdn dudng kinh DH_itdm gr). Goi K
kh6ng uuot qud.2.
ln didm chinh giita cung BC kh6ng'chua H,
Ldi giAi. Do 4 doan th6-ngAB, AC, AD, AE t9 c6 l, thuQc drrdng trbn duirng kinh pf (tam
dtroc t6 bdi nhibu nhd.t ba m&u n6n, theo 02) khi Adi d6ng tr6n cung BHC.VAy 1 thuOc
nguy6n li Dirichlet, phAi t6n tai it nhdt 2 doan
drtdng trdn (O,) hay dtrdrg *dn (Or). Dao lai,
duoc tO cirng miu. Kh6ng mdt tdng qurit, giA
Idy didm I' e (o t) u (o2), hq-BM',?N' t ,qr.
sfi AB vd AC cing drroc tO d6. Khi dri :
Ijg\I kh6ng trung D, td c6 DI'H = 90o hoic
o Ndu it nhdt m6t trong 4 doan DB, DC, ' DI'K = 90c'hay DI'lICM'. MeD li trungdidm
EB, EC duoc t6 d6 thi hoic tri gi6c ABDC hodc clta BC vd DI'llCM'llCN'(vi cung r ,4r) n6n
ffi SSS,IABEC s6 th6a m6n y6u cdu cria dd bai. f' ld trung didm cria M'N', vd f 'li rn6t diejm
thu6.,c quf tich. YAy quf tich cdn tim ld (O,1
o Ndu cA 4 doan DB, DC, EB, EC cing u (o).
kh6ng drroc t6 d6 thi ti gi'.c DBEC s6 th6a
Nhqn x6t. Cri 145 lili giii. Kh6ng ir bAi rp6n dlldng trdn
m6n y6u cdu cita dd bei.
(Oz). Liti giii tdt g6m c<i : Trhn Hodi Thaong (9T. Ndng
NhSn x6t. l. Tdt ci c6c hii gt'ri lcri giAi tiri T.S. tl6u kh6ng
khi6u Hn Tinh) : L Quang lluy (9't' Ning khi6u Th5i

hi6u dng, vrii cech ph6t bi6u c[ra bii ra thi kh\ng nhdt thidt
tdt cd cdc doan thdngphdi duoc tb bdi ba ndl.'l\ry nhi6n.
rlo kit luen cira bAi toSn l) hi6n nhin trong truirng hrrp tit
ci c6c doan thing cttlclc 16 bdi t6i rla 2 trong 3 nu)u cli cho.
ndn

sct

sudt cira c5c bAn dtlctc hd

Nguyen, Bic 1'h6i) ; Phstn Duy Hting (tlCT, euAng Binh) ;

Ngty4n L Lac (9A - THCS rhi rrdn Ddr.n Doi, Minh Ftii) ;
Dodn Minh Dtic (8D chu1,6n Quj,nh Phu, Th6i Binh) ; ,&Iai
Tttng Long (9T frudng THNK Hn Tinh) ; Phan Thi T'hu Hiing
(8T Truitng Bdi dd6ng Gi5o dLrc Bi6n Hoa. D6ng Nai) ;plzazr
Thi ThuAn (7T Ning khi6u thi xE Bim Sctn Thanh I{6a).

c1ua.

2. Nhi6u ban lip luAn qu6 clAi dong. m6t sd it. btrn lQp
lu6n thidu chinh xhc vA cti 2 ban cho ldi giiri sai.

oANc vtpw

ldi giii ngin gon : Mci Dtic T'hanh (9CT

Phan Chu 'Irinh. Ban M Thu6t. Daklak) ; T-dn Dqt (98
TnrdAg ThrJc hinh su pham, Hda Kh5nh. Flira Vang, euing
3. Cdc ban co

Bdi T5l2l4. Cho tam gid,c ABC udi cdc g6c

dbu nhd hon 12tr. Hdy dung didm. M trong tant

gidc th6a man IvIA.BC = MB.CA MC.AB.

=
Lbi giai. GiA sir di drlng dtro c didrn M trong

Nanr Dir NinS) ; Trurnrg Wnh LAn. (9CT XuAn Ninh. QuAng
Binh) ; Ngayn WAt Dting, Dlng D*c Hanh (9CT Phan B6i
Chitr. NghC An) ; Ngayn Minh Thenh, Vil Thi Trong, Pham
Anh Tudn, I-A lulinh Thdnh, Pham Minh Dt?c (9T l-arn Scln.
Thanh t{6a) ; Ng,ryn Khuydn Ldrt (8D THCSNI(. Thanh
H6a) ; Nguy7n Dtc Trung, Ngu.v|n Minh Thudn. (8A. 9'I
I'ntdng NK Holng H6a. Thanh Hita) ; L Xu1n T'ung (8
To6n Tntcing NK Tri&r Scrn, Ttianh H6a) ; vk Trhn Caong,

Ngrydn Anh Hoa (7T,9T Trdn DAng Ninh. Ndm Dinh) ;

(9A Bd Van DAn, I{i N6i), Nguyn Hhng
HaA QIl Trung Vuctng. He NQi), N1;uyn Qudc Thdng 19C
I}{CS Hai Brii. D6ng Anh. I{A N6i) vi Ddns Anh Tudn (97
Trdn Phrh. FIdi Phong).
Phqm Huy Tilng

NGUYF,N KHAC MINH

BniT4l2l4.

Cho tam gidc ABC nQi tidp (O),

trong d6^8, C cd diruh, Ax lir. tia phdn giac

cia g6c A. M ; N theo thtl tu lit hiruh chidu cfiq.
B ; C l6n Ax. Tim qu! tlch trung d.idm I cr).a
MN.

Ldi giii. Goi

ld giao didm
thf hai cria.tia

11

nt,"

"^**6i

(9\ta

c<i

HB= HC;goi
D li giao didm
ctlr- OH vdi BC,
ta c6 D li trung
didm cta BC

(L). Hq DE

Aa,, ta

rc6

DEIIBMIICN (vi

tam giScABC th6a mdn di6u ki6n cria bdi to6n.

MA

BA

(1).
tac6-*" =
BC

Goi

A', B', C' theo

thf tu ld giao didm

crla c6,c tia AM,

BM, CM v6i drrdng

fidn (O) ngoai tidp
LABC. Tt cric gclc
n6i tidp bing nhau
do cr)ng ch6n rn6t
cung,,ta c6 LAMB

AB'MA' Vi

LC'MB' (t.h.1), do

dd

MA AB
MC BC
Vi
MB': A7,' '
MB,: B,C, , StrY ra
MA AB . B'C' (,\
Tn (2) vd (1), ta cri
MC
BC .A'B' '-,
-: = B'C'. Mdt c6ch tr.rong trI, ta ctng cci
A'B'
B'C' = C'A',

suy

ra LA'B'C'd6u.

^ =;1(sdAB
^ *sdA'B')
AMB

Vdy

='C = 600. Trrong

t{, ta cring cri BMC = A = 6O0. Vi, ta drrng
nhu sau : dunggiao didrqthrl hai M c:iua cd.c
cung chrla g6c C + 60(' ; A * 600 v6 tr6n cdc
doan tuong (tngAB, BC vp phia c<i chrla,pridp
trong cia fu\39 (3). Do B^< 129c- rr1n A + C
= 1800 - B > 600 hay (l + 60u) + (c + 60p)
L/\

tt (3) ta cd M nirn trong gric

d b6n trong A,43C. Goi
nim
M
ABC, suy ra
A', B', C'ldn ludt la giao didm thrl hai cl .a cL'c
tia AM, BM, CM v6i dudng trdn (O). Trrong
trr tr6,*-ta'cunglltl(2). Hdn niia, trl (3) ta lai
c6 sd B'C' = sdA'B' : 600 hay M'B'C' ddu,
suy ra Ij'C',= A'B' (4). kdt hop (4) r'6i (2), t,a
> 180" hdn nfra,

hIA

"o

AB

ffi = *hav MC.AB : MB.CL M4t khe",

rlol[-.t&rn db.Oalrong AABC ndn AMC: 3600

- iAMB + BMC) :.p + 60(' n6n M cdn nim
tr6n cung chrla gdc B + 60(, vd tr6n doan AC
(phia c<i chrJa rni6n trong AABC). Do dd, ttidng
tu nhu i'.r6n, ta cring cci h{B.CA = iI{A*BQ= .vit
M li didrn cdn dtrng. Do c6c cung ,48, BC d
(3) da cd B chung n1n M li di6im chung duy
nhdt cdn tim.
Nhirn x6t. C'ri 53 ban giii bAi nAy trong sd tl<i khirng it
ban cri lii giiri lray clda vr)o dinh li Apoiloni0s. chi tidc ring
dir bi lolri ru kh<ii circshch gi6o khoa CC--GI) ( !).
cii lrii giAi t6t li : lla Ngpt. Thdnh (Chrlvn C2 'i'atn
Diro. Vinh |'l'li).TirrrngCao Dfing, (91'NK Bim Sth,'l'h:rnh
11r\a). I)it Dtttc llanh (8N4 - Marie-(lrrie. Ilir N6i). /'ltdrtg
I'harfir'{ ilng (9C:I'rhi xi ThIi Binh;. N5uf in Thittlt ('}T, I'hhn
Il6i Chliu. Nghg An).

rlinh Ii

Cic

n::ry

tr:1n

t)AN(; ViI-,N

Ilei 'f8iz14 Clulng nittlt

*.r.

Ldi gi&i

t Cach 7. (cria da s6 c6c ban). Bdt

tudng
drrong v6i
d&ng thric
2tn {l *. J) * y2 - 2y < 2h. {l + x) + x,2 - 2e
sd

DANC IIUN(; 'nIANG

/(0 = 2ln (L + r) + * - 2t

b) f(f(x))

= 1995-x Vr

x&

Nlrr.ln

: C5c ban sau clAy c(r k)i

Birh. L Anh t'u 1lc'l Qr.rdc hoc Hud, Ngryln Tidn Dwry IOA
[.e Qrry D6n D;) Nnng, Dith Tiung Hdng llM Mary Quyri, Li
Tudtt Anh 10ts DHTH Hn Nii, Phan Dlnh Tnrrng 11 Triin Ph,i
I-liri I'}hirng. Ngtryln Ngoc Tdn 11CT D[]TH H] NQL Ddrt Thi
T'hiAn IIaury 1i l)6ng IIn, Quang Tri. Trhn Thanh Ti 10C'l
Quring Binh, 1).inh llau Trung l0'l [-anr Scln Thanh I kia.
MOt sfj tran cri lcri gilri sai.

- r#

(t-])2
> 0 vdi t > 0 VlY f
ta cd f(t):-r---t(t + l)t
oo) suy

ruf(t) > f(1) = 0 ndu

t -1

holc kh6ng chlt

bidt sit dr-rng kdt cpr:i : "l:lam li6u tuc

vi

ch6 clo khdng

rlcrn irnh sE la hArr

rtctn tl ieu"

DANG I.II.]NG ]'I'IANG

TBlZl4. Ctto d,ay so { "r,,i

rtuoc x6c ttlnh bc,i

xz= L,xn*t =
f*,tTl{
TU
a) Ching minh rdng tbn tai lim r,

cbndringv6ir>y>-1)

ddngbiSn tr6n (0,

giii t6t : Ngttl't-t.|'hi Hai

1lC'l Qu6c hcrc Hud., Mai Dirc Khoa t2A Thanh H6a.
Nguin Vu Ittnrg l1CT'D}{SP Hi NOi. ,2, Dric Son 11T Ninh

Dd dd f ddng biSrr tr6n (-1, +*;. Suy ra ndu

>
)c y > 0, th\ f(x) > f(y) (dpcm) (Ro rnng BDT

= lnt

Ldi giei : GiA st t6n tai hdm /; R --+R th6a

man cec di6u ki6n trn. Ta thdy ring / li don
6nh. Thdt v?y gra srtfk) = 1$1+f(f(x)) : f(f(y).t
* 1995--r : 1995 .t',+x = !.
Him sd f don 6nh vi li6n tuc n6n nrj don
di6u. Do di6u ki6n a > f lit don di6u tang khi Cri
f(f(d) cnng don di6u tdng, trong khi dd 1995=r
lai dcrn di6u giAm. \ray khOng tdn tai him / v6i
c6c tinh chdt di n6u.

Tacdf(t):l*tr 0 Vf>-1

2: X6t hAm sd f(4

gidi

b) Ch.ung minh rang c6 duy nhdt s6 A sao

cho

L :lirn
tr-*h

xn

AN

lirm.6t sd hilu ltqn khd.c kh.6ng.

Hay bidu thi L theo gia tri crtu. A.

Ldi giii. (cria da s6 cdc ban).

x-^t,
> 4r;i
,^ \, rk.
r*r)

sina,,=

t = t+v ta drtOc

(r +y))

Nhri vAy theo c6ch 2 ta thu dtldc bdt d&ng thrlc

4k -v\
, I *r,
manlihan:2ln
i\1+y/'2*x*y
rrr*rrrr
- \ >----)--:-r-

uit. tim.

lra,n d6.

t > t hay lnt>2 t+1 v6i , > 1. Thay

1*r
-:-:> (r -y)(2

Fa, a) ua

a) f(1995) < fl1996)

2P

Cach

hay kh6ng tbntai hitnt

BdiTTl2l4.Tbntai

sd f(x) xd.c d[nh ud, lin tuc trong

th6a man cac dibu kidn. sau.

YA'tr.

rilrug

,
(r-y) (2-(x+y))< 2ln (1+J)
vdir>.y>0

X6t hdrn

Nh{n x6t : Circ ban tham gia rliir giii dfrng. Lcti giii tot
thlrQc vd clrc ban : Ttt Iluy Ctdrtg 17A T'h:ii Binh. N21,vEn
Ilbng NhAn, DA Nrlng, Hb Svn IIiA n 1 1 Vinh. Phan Dur- Hitng
Quing Binh, NguyCn Minh Phaong 9A Vinh Phf . Ng.tvEn I-t
I.ac 9A Minh Hrii, Dinh Trung I'ldng ll Nlary Qtlrt. Phan
Anh lluy, l0 Ar L Qu,i Don Di Ning. N5zry6n QtLang Nguyn
10A DIITFI lin NOi. llan Nguy7n l, Lvc mic cli n',6i hoc
l6p 9 c16 sit ril1ng ttlnh I'i COng (suv rirrrg dinh lf l-agrirng)
cria chtldng trinh Dai hpc d6 giii ngln gon birr to5n nly.

xn*t

xnv6i0.o,, <f tfti

1,-

i7 1
li

d,,

= sin

7.

ring 0 ( ,r*t
Vly

Di6u dd chrlng t6

oz:

J(^Jt

n6n

<r,,

fiq

,[,,=,,Y:'i'fi

< r,,. Vi

o
X,,

b) Gie sir t6n tai A sao cho lim

,,.J"

vd khric 0. St dung hO thdc

thu duoc
.ttttlt
Slil0+lirn zil-t
A't
, +h

hitu han

lirn% = 1, ta
r-0 x

Sln

,
:lim/.--l:
,--\

zil-t -2",
!-/
At'
2tt

:2n lim"* *(2A)"

Ilinh I
GiA srl c<i didm P

Tt

dd suy ra

=;vd L = 2n.

C<j vd sd c6ch bidu

sd c5.c ban ddu vi6t L

thi L theo A, nhrrng da

4 n A.

NGT]YEN VAN MAU

B,ni TSl2l4. Trong mat ph&rug, trn hai

dudng trbn da ch,o u, (O 1 , r ) uit u, (a2 , 12) c6
ha.i dQng til clruydn d1ng dbu th,eo cilng nfit
ch,ibu (chd.ng han, ng,toc chibu kint dbng lfi) :
M, trn (u ,) ud. M" ban (ur). Chnng xudt pltitt
ldn luot til hai didm A, ud. A, cho trudc tr6n
(ur) uit (u2) sao cho OrAt|{OzA. ud sa.u nr6t
udng, lai trd ub A, uit. Arcing ntOt lic.

Ching.ntinh rilng trong mat phang, n6i

chung kltdng tbn tai m1t didnt P c6 dinh lu6n
luOn c(tch dbu lni dQng tit M, ud. M" d ntoi thiti
didm, trit hai trudng hop dqc biet ;d ta sa xd.c
dinh.
Loi gini. Thuc chdt bii torin nAy ld m6t bii
torin drrng hinh : Tim trong mat phing m6t
didm P sao cho PM, = PMz(Vt).

Io,p:a,
oat
o, \i = t'2)
'
i,r.7)
{ro7

al+rl -2drrr.o, fiM,

:
A

mi

PMt = PM2(Vt) oPq = PM3., (Vr) (*)

Ap dung dinh ly hirm s6 cosin vdo hai tam
gSac O,P Mi U = 7,2), ta duoc :

d.i+r)-za"r""o,

$M,

li:
,l! + r! - 2d, rrcos (c,.r t - a r) =
- d?j rj - Za" r" cos (a-t t - a2) . Nhri vAy
(*) o/(r) = d.1+ r! - @|+ rl) * 2d, r, cos (a,l t-arl+2clrrrcos(o-t t oz)
=0 ;
hay

(vr) (x*).

:dl+rl-@22+rl)-

2d, r, (cos
2d."

r,

(cos

a, * sin o.r f sin cz r)+

o,t t cos a. * sin or / sin a
2):0

rtt

/ cos

tt t * bsin co t * c,
trong dci ta d6 dat :
fa = Zdr12cos ctz - 2d, rrcos dr
acos

)o

: zar ri rrn.l - zd., r, sin a,

LL

l"=oi*",-(d'4+ri)
Bi6n ddi ta duoc (n6u dat tg

f(t)

= acot ot t

bsin ot t

I:

o,

i)

*c-

={&+Esin(at+p)+c.

Nhrr vAy thi

PM, = PM2 Nt) #f(t) = 0 (Vr)

Theo gii thi6t, cric chuydn dOng cta hai
+a=b=c=0,
d6ng ttt M,tr6n hai dudng trdn (u,) li chuydn
hay li :
d6ng trdn d6u v6i cr)ng m6t vAn t6c gdc cu ndo
dd, do dd ta dtrgc ,
r

d2,+r?
o,: o,
(OrAt,OrM) = (OzA2,O2M2) = c,.t t
{d|+r? =
[
*l
a, +rr- dr*rr(x**)
ldrrrcoxtr= d,r,cosa,
Thd thi ta c6 hinh 1) :
++
ldrrrsinar= rJ,r,sina, lla,-rr1 = ldr-r2l
(OtP: OiM)= (Oi Ai ,Oi M) Trim lai :
-(OiAi,OiP) - ott-ai Q=L,2)

{ri

PMt = PMr, (Vt) e

dl = oZ, dl = l'2, d2= fl )

20) Hoac I dt = az, r| : 1"2, dl = d2'
1t') Hoec

VAy didm P t6n tai chi m6t trong hai tnrdng

hop sau dAy

Truitng h.op 1 : Hai dudng trbn u, (O1 , 11)

vit u 2 ( O. , rr) cit nhau d hai didm, ching han

C,_uU %, d6ng thiri (OrCt,OtA) :

: (khi dri

(Oz'Ct, Oz'Az;* 0 hay dac biet 0

A, = A.: C,) ; P ln' d'idnt' d'5i xung uoi C, quo
trutlg tr1c cito, O, O. (Hinh 2)

V;
hdnh, n6n c6c trung trUc cta'OrOzvit ArArsong song v6i nhau, bii to6n" kh6ng cri ldi giAi.
t()::rn tln tlAt'lir sLl khr'ii tp:it hria tl6t
thi 'llxln qtrii: ti ri Anh (llr4(). 1979). 1rk1ng

Ntrin x6t : l") Biti

biu toirn tnrng

lqi,

itng viti trr-trtng hrrp

1.

2'') (lhi c(i turi b;rn giiri trl(rng daii t6t b::ri tr/rn rr.ry lt Doart
"liuittrg. llC'l'
hoc Hud va Phant Dinlt

,t

l0("f Qtraic
llii I'h,)ng.

XuArt L/inh"
I'r-'in I'hti.

3") l laill hdt circ hi.rn thant gi:r girii b:ri to;:rn nav clitl kheing
clat rlidnr tfii cla vi clrrla hidrr dLldc thllc chdt r-1Av la n101 t):ii
to:lrn r1{ng hinh rna kcit h-rAn n0tl tr()ng hai chinh la kdt qtrri
phiin trien luAn cfta hai trr:in rill. Nhiitr han to ra rit lrirng tLing

trtlric rliirr kitn /'Mt : I'Mz lVr). <J.tu;r hietl dt((1c r;ng d')
clai c[ur cic tlt,art 1'Mt lrol:tc PM-' li trrirt ]tirtr.t c[la I (tl](1i gian)
vir rlo tft'r khOng Liii vin tle tinh cltc tloan thlrng cili. I Iirr hi't
l(ji girli ri6tt thiitr ch::rt ch6 v;r hri srrt khirng xtl trtl(lng h(,lr
AtA: ll()t 02 kd c:i hai brtn L"irth va'l)tting,.

rrudng hop 2, ,i;;";'r."g trdn u, (o, , 11)

vi u. (O, 12) c6 brin kinh bang nhan :
t 1 : 12: r (nhungkhdngddngtAm) Khi dd didm
P phAi tim ld giao didm cAc drrdng trung tr{c cria
hai doan thing OrOz vd' ArA2, vd do dri, P ld
tAnr quay bien u, (Ot ,r) thinh ur(O2, r) trong
d<iAbiSn thdnhA,. Dd ld tnrdnghgpAr A, kh6ng
song song v6i O, O. (Hinh 3)'

N(;L]Yi'N I)AN(i

PI IA.T

Bei T10/214. Gqi G, I uit r ld,n lttot ld trortg

tdnt, td.nt utt. b6.n h{ntt tin.h cd.u. nOi ti6p cilo
ti di1n AlAzA1A4 ; hi tsit nt, ld.rt luot lit do
diii dudng cao ud, trgng tuydn (n6i n6i dinh
udi trsngld,nt. ntqt ddi ctin) pttd.t xudt tir ctinlt
fl.Li

A,. Ching nrin.h. ra,ng

GI

tnax4>&

Ldi giii.
Goi V la thd tich tr? diOn, s, = ,1Al Ak A) ld
di6n tich mat ddi di6n v6i dinhA; (i : L,2,3,4\ ;
thd thi ta crj : 3V : si h, : 1l s; )r ; ti dci suy

It)
-:?h
t:

l'/2

Sau

nta, cdn chring minh

Ilitrlr 't

A.ll

thi vi O, A, llO"A" e)e

thidt) n6n Orof{t li m6t hinh thang cAn.
Khi dd cdc trung trdc cita O, Orvd AtA" triing
Ndn A,

Cttti tltictt; Trrrdng hgp Ar A2ll OtO, vit

OtAt ll OzAzth\ OrOrA?Atld m6t hinh binh

hO

thrlc sau dAy

Ot O,

nhau, nhung didm P duy nhdt tim duoc ld giao

didnr cira O,A,vit OrA,ndm tr6n truag tnic
chung oia O, O" v;aAr A" (Hinh 4).

(1)

)r,r7,=d

l:

(.2)

Tt dd srl dung (1),

Q)

vd

thay

fll;,J : ; GA,, ta drlOc

rnax

frLl nlz m3

I \,t\,\,\)

nL|,

/s nL,'\ _,a \!,

n,)
1

4 GA, 1 I lGA,l
t15rr\i\
- 31,
- 3?,
hi
r:r
t=l-, h,

,Ip,?r
1

J
1

=--o

42,

(chu y

=*pf.r?l

tiil "f .#,?,",rt,|:

(r;)

*,

=#

Nhin x6t : C6c biln sau

(d p
tlAy c(r

Chir Vr:rn An iJn NOi.

d6 giAm thd nnng

c:0.a

ndng cria ci 3 v6t

y ut= ur: urat)

rft

Nh{n x6t. Cic ctl

c() lati

nt, beng tdng d6 d6ng

ra a = 3,46m ls2 (cht:.
gr-

g;in ho;'rn chinh

c,r)

.MT
P,di

ltli girii tdt : Pltam Dinh

"l'Ltdtt'

Lt Anh lii va
"Irung

Npry|n QuangT\rdng, 11CI. Br)i Phaltc llCt. LA Quung

Vinlt lOCl ... P l"l't l Phan Bari Chiu. Vinh. Nghr' ..\n.

Truitng.l 1 CT Trdn Phrh, H:li I'horrg. .\iqrrlirt Mittlt

llAr

ob: Z). Tt dd rrit ra nL1= O,4kg. Y\

N5ttvirt lhi IIdi

llilng. 11M Marie

Yan . llCT, Quiic hq,"- lllu6.. Dinh

curie. Il) NQi. Plran Dtly llimg, 11C'f. D:io DLry Tit, Quring
Binh. Rit tidc ct)n cir tran v6 1i kh6ng ilgc $ cldu bii nhiim
I lir tanr nult cAu ngoai tidp nn tli giii sai. Dei hor)n chinh
lcri gihi bii tohn. cac bqn hiy chilng n.iinh h thitc v6ctd (2).
xem nhU mot bai toirn phu bli sung kiin thitc c3'n thidt.

NUUYiN DANG I'I{,\I'

L2t2t4.

Didnt sd,ng S d lrAn ffuc chinh cila guang

l6nt G, ban kin h R = 6cnl, cdch dinh
guong 32 cnt. Dat thd.u kinh h.Qi tr"1. Lrtiu. c4
f1 : 6cnt, dbng truc trong khod.ng giila S uit
cd.tt

G:

tri cila thdu kinh L, dd d.nh

cila S qua h.Q th.d.u kinh - guong lai tring u6i
I.

Tim. cd.c ui

s.

Bdi Lu2t4.
HQ uQt d.uqc bd

tri nhu

h.inh ud

: nll dttoc

tre.o bd,ng ddry ntd.rult. khdng dan, ddy duoc udt

qua rdng rgc cd dinh gan tr1n nr, dd.u kia cila
dd.y gan udi m, Bu1ng to.y khoi nt, thi lt uQt
chuydn ddng litnr cho ddy treo nt,bi lQch 3Ao
so udi pltuong thd.ng dung. Ch,o mr': 0,2 ir,i
nL.. = Q,l kg. E6 qua nlo. sd.t. Tinh : kltdi luong

2. Thay thdu kinh L, biing thdu kinh L,

tidu cr1 f2ta tlrd.y chi c6 1 ui tri cita Lrcho cinlt
cia S qua hQ thdu kinh - guong lai tritrug u6i
S. Xdc dinh fruir ui tri dil L2.

nLt; gia tdc cac udt"

Hudng d6n gi6i.

So dd tao 6nh qua hO

LG[,

S+Sr-Sz---lSr=S.
d, d,

drd,

d-d_

1) Dd Sa = S*S2 = St-d): tlz, r:6t ra

= o hoirc dr: 2fs i mudn vdy dinh gudng
Oz: St hoac tAm gudng C = S,. Vdn dung

dz

Hudng d6n

giii.

nz, tham gia hai chuydn

d6ng : chuydn d6ng theo phuong nam ngang,

sang phAi v6i gia tdc Tr; chuydn d0ng theo
phuong ctra sgi day l6g"h 30{' so vdi phrtong
thingdrlngv6i gia tdc4, 4 : a;+4 Vi6t
phuong trinh dinh ludt II Niuton cho nt. , nr,
vd chidu l6n phrrong ngang suy ra lrtc cang
T = 0,4a2= 0,4o, vd chri '! tdi g6c lQch ctra
dAy treo nz, li 30o suy ra dt: az = d3 = o. Vidt
phrrong trinh cira dinh luAt II Niuton cho m1,
r6i chidu l6n phrrong ngang suy ra T = m, a,

dt + d't:32tittdd., =

8cm ; 24cm ; 16,6cm

9,4 cm.

2) Mudn cho chi cri 1 vi tri cria

Phii cri I - 4fz-fz= Bcm..
Nhfln x6t : C6c em c6 liti gihi

L"

cilhng va gr:n

cho ilnh,

NpyAn NgzyQt Minft, 10M Marie Clrric Ha NOi ; Tdng XuAn

Trudng,l2Cr P'ITH L.ong Kh.hnh, Ddng Nai 1Vrt Duy Hrii, l0At
Ii Heing Phong Nam Dinh; Ng.ry4n Xuhn Truitng 11A, PTNK

Hii

Hung ; D(ng Thanh I{a, LIA CT DHSP HN

1.

OK

"A

INTERNATIONAL
MATHEMATIC
OI,YMPIAD

O[YMPIADE
INI'ERNA]'IONALE DE
I\LATFILN/LATIQUES

CANADA

995

ri rnr olyMptc roAru ou6c rE r-hr,r rHu so

T6n Bei 1
VIE1 7
VIEz 7
ViE3 7
VIE4 7
VIEs 7
VIE6 7

Ndm nay, ki thi Olympic To6n qu6c tddrroc td

tn 13/7 ddn2517ll995.
Ki thi ldn niy ccj 73 doin tham drr vdi 412 hoc
sinh drr thi (m0t s6 doAn kh6ng cd dtr 6 hoc sinh
trong d6i tuydn nhu Kuwait, Malaysia..').
D6i tuydn Vi6t Nam g6m 6 hoc sinh :
chrlc tai Toronto (Canada)

)
/l.

Cao Van Hanh (VIEI), l6P 12 Lam Son

(Thanh Hcia),
Ddo HAi Long (VIE2), i6p 12Ao, DHTHHN
(DFIQGHN),

Ngdy

Thdi gian :

nhdt

1.

Chol,

Ati:.

M6ibai:7didm.

B, C v) D lA b6n ditlm phAn bi6t trcn In6t dudng

thing vi ctrldc sip theo thit trl d6. C5c drlarng trdn dudng
kinhlGvA BD cit nhar-r tai cdc ditimXvA Y. Duitng thing
XY cAr BC tqi Z. C]no P li m6t di6m tr6n ttttilng thing,Yl'
khlc Z. Dilctng thing CP cdt ct tilng trdn ddttng kinh AC tai
C vir M. cludng thing BP cdt cluong trdn dl{cjng kinh BD tai
N. Ch[tng minh r]ng c6c dttilng thing AM, DN vit XY

Pham Quang Tudn (\IIEG), I6p 12A",

DH?HHN (DHQGHN).
C6ch chon bdi thi nnm nay cci m6t sd thay
ddi so vdi moi ndm : nrJ6c cht nhd chon ra 30

.B vA

ddng

c1uy.

2, Cho a, b vi c li c6c s6 dilt1ng th6a m5n diu ki6n abc

: t. Chilng minh ring
i113
1-:'
atlb + c1 b'1c + a1 c'1a + b1 I
3. X6c dirrh tdt cA cic s6 nguv6n z > 3 sao cho t6n t4i
-T---:--a-n diAm
At Az, ..., Ao trong cing m{t phing v} c6c s6 thtlc

bdi thu6c cdc linh vttc khSc nhau (dai sd, hinh
hoc, sd hoc vi td hqp, giAi tich) khdng kbm
theo ldi giAi vh tOn nd6c d6 nghi cric bii dd'
Kdt quA ld dd chon ra duoc s6u bii r6i mdi
c6ng bd t6n n{6c d6 nghi :

11,

Bdi 1 (Bungaria) vd hinh hoc phing,

Bii 2 (Russia) v6 bdt d&ng thrlc d4i sd,

rz , .

(i)

.. . ro thoa mdn hai didr-r kin

sau dAy

kh6ng c6 3 cli6m niro trong sd A

1, A2,... ,,41 thdng hdng

(ii)v6i m5i bli, j, k( I < i < j < I < n) cAc tarngi:ic

AAI'" co di6n tich bing r; * 11 +;'r.

Bdi 3 (Czech RepublD v6 td hgp trong irinh hgc,

Bni 4 (Poland) v6 dev sd,

Bni 5 (New Zealatd) vd bdt ding thrlc trong
hinh hoc.
Bni 6 (Poland) v6 td hop trong sd hoc.
Cdc bni thi nirn nay d6u thu6c dang co bAn,
rdt quen thu6c v6i cdc hoc sinh chuy6n to6n
cria nu6c ta. MOt di6u rdt bdt ngd ld hoc sinh
ctia nhi6u d6i tuydn giAu truy6n th6ng trong
thi Olympic To6n hoe de bi gey bAi 2 vd bni 5.

Thdi gian : 4, Siit

thf hai
20-07-1995

Ngny

M6ibei:7didm.

4. Tim gi6 tri l6n nhdt cira.xo cld t6n tai cliy c5c sd thrtc
drldng16.xl , . . . ,.t19os th6a tnirn hai diu kin

(i) .ro : arrnt

(ii) x, -, +

21
^, _

= Lri o iv6i

r.1gi

i = 1.2,....

1995.

-- li nr6t [i-rc giSc ldi c(r,4ll = BC : CD,

5. Cho ABCDEI'
DE : EF = FA viI LBCD = LEFA : 60O. Cho G viI H IiI
hai ditim nlm b6n trong luc gi6c sao cho LAGB = LDHE
= l2oo. Chitng nrinh rinu

di dat kdt qu6 rdt xudt

ki thi nem nay. CA 6 em d6u giinh

D6i tuydn Vi6t Nam

s5c trong

thf

19-07-1995.

(DHQGHN),

.,)

75770
77775
77770
77770
77777
77770

Dudi dny le dd thi

Nguydn Thd Phuong (VIE3), l6P 12

DHSPHNl (DHQGIIN),
Nguy6n Thd Trung (VIE4), l6p 12Ao,
DHTHHN (DHQGHN),
Ng6 Dic Tudn (VIE5), l6p 11A.,, DI'ITHHN

Bai 2 Bei 3 Bai 4 Bai 5 Bei 6

huy chrrong, hai huy chtiong vhng vi bdn huy

chrrong bac v6i sd didm 2201252 sau cdc'doin :
'Trung qu6c 236 didm, Rumani 230 didm vd
LB Nga 227 didm. Sau dAy ld bAng kdt quA chi
tidt s6 cho cAu trA ldi v6 nhiing m6t manh vi
nhtng didm cbn ydu cta d6i tuydn ViQt Nam.

AG+GB+GH+DH+HE>CF
6. Chop la mQt s6 nguydn t6 t. Tirn s6 ci{c tAp con.4
,, ...,rp}, bi6t r6ng

cila tap hQp {1,

(i)

chita dirngp phdn

til ciraA chia h6t'chop.

NGIIYEN VAN MAU

1ii; t6ng tdt ci cac pha'n

tit

B'di T7t278 :
Cho da thrlc

RA Ki t{AY
Ci'c l6p TIICS

Bhi.Tll2l8

P{x)=(xz -2)(*2 -3)(r2 -6)

Chrlng minh rang v6i moi s6 nguy6n t,6
p d6u tim dttoc s6 nguy6n drrong n dd Pln.)
chia hdt cho p.
I).\N(,

Hay tim sd chinh phrrong I6n nhdt crj chit

sd cu6i kh6c 0 sao cho sau khi xcia b6 hai chtt
s6 cu6i thi thu drtoc mi-rt s6 chinh phrrong.
N,INT; V,TN I IANt;
(l L'ri [{Llng)

Bilj T2t2r8

y th6a

Cho hai s6 x,

rrrAn

ding thrlc

rang t6n tai hai hoan vi khac uhau

(s1, s2, . . . , 8r,) va (tr, t-, ..., /u) cua (1, 2,
..., n) sao cho
s,

*t*(.,j;;'='

N(,t r\ llN \t In N IllrN(i

('l'h:rnh I ltia)
:

Cho nrJa dudng trdn dudng kinh AR tr6n

drj crj didrn C.Ila driong cao CH cfia taur gi6c
ABC. Goi O, Oz ldn luut ia tArn c6c drrbng
gi6r: ACH,

4g+1cD2

Ilir)

Bni T4i21B :
Cho tam gil,c ABC vdi AC > AB. Goi M li
trung didry-da BQ--{ren canh BC l5y didrn
D sao cho BAD---- C$tl*lrdn tiaAMldy didm
N sao cho ABN : ACB. Goi O ld giao didm
ciaAD v6i BN ; tn N k6 NK ll OM c6t BC tai
didm K. So sdnh BD vai CK,

Zcos(x

l)l'rN(i

IIr) Cihi l'{inli)

:D4(AR2

- 4p2)
I() t-;tl,4Pr-;
(Ngh':

t'i1 111

"\n)

Biri r10/21g :
Ldy cdc canh BC CA vd A-B cta nt6t
tam gi6c ABC lirm d6y, drtng ra phia ngoii
tanr gi.lc ABC ba tam giric d6.u A'BC. B'CA
vd, C'AB. Goi A,r, 41 ; 8.,, B, vd C,,. C, ldn
ludt la trung didm c6c canh J3C, B'C' : CA,
C'A' vir AB, A'B' cria hai tam gi6c ARC,
A'B'C'. Chfng minh rdng cac cloan tharrg
A,At, B,,Bt uit C,,Ct d6ng quy va bAng nhi.ru.
I)AM V.{N NI ]I

(-t'trii

idn nhdt.

C6c klp TIICB

trinh

4rz)

I|CH. Tim vi

(l l:ii l'ht)ng).

GiAi phuong

Cr{c dd

Nr;t rYtlN KI r,\N! l N( ilrYrN

+tlt

(t'.-anr

Bhi T6/218

3t - +...

B}li T9/218 :
C6c canh AC, AD. BC vd ,BD cria tf
di6n ABCD ti6p xuc v6i mat cliu (S,,) biin
kinh /, tAm / nirn tr6n canh A.IJ. C.{c can}r
CA, CB, DA vd DB tidp xric v6i mAt cAu
(S',,) b6n kinh r, tAur J nAm tr6n canh
CD. Chfng minh h6 thrlc sau dAy

't'rr.,rN xti.,rN oANr;

dO Cai

*2s, *3s. * .., *tls,,: t ;+2t, +

(.1'l'

tri nh6 nhdt.

Nr;t,YIiN I)t l{' tn N
t'l'l'llti Chi Minh)

trdn nOi tidp czic tam

tri cira C dd A pz dat

n I6n hon 2. Chttng niinh

N(it')l'NIi

X6c dinh r, y'd6" tich ry dat gia

Bhi T5/218

Cho sd nguyGn

_1
2x-*- +"4 -4

Bli 13/218
'
Giii phuong trinh

Bhi T8/218

II IN( i 't't t.\N(;

(l ll Nrri)

Bii

ttrntr

vat li

L1l218 : M6t vi6n bi khdi luong rz

cri

xuy6n tdm vd duoc I6ng tr6n rrr6t

thanh crlng th&ng sao cho bi cd thd chuydn
khoan mdt

16

:
-45" )-cos(r -45') ) sin'Zx -Bs in'2'x +4 O'
N(i(]YI'N IIIIi] I)[I
(NghQ An)

10

{
.,5

tr6n thanh vdi ma s6t khdng d6ng

kd. Hai lb xo I r vd,L. cci m6t dau g6n chat vdi
vi6n bi vd ddu cirn lai gdn c6 dinh vdo cdc didm

T41218. Let be given a triangle ABC with

AC > AB, and M be the midggQt of BC. Take
D on the side BC snch that BAD : CAM and

dOng doc

A vit B tr6n thanh crlng. Luc ddu dat thanh

tgke-N on the semiline lr14 such that iEi :

ACB, Let O be the intersection of AD and BN.
The line NK parallel to OM cuts .tsC at K.
Cornpare BD with CK.

A.B n6m ngang vd vi6n bi drlng y6n 6 vi tri M,

khi dd lo xo L, bi n6n mdt doan o.,, lb xo L, bi

n6n ur6t doan o,. Tai thdi didm , : 0 quay

thanh A,B xung quanh l,I t6i vi tri thanh

'hing

dtfutg.

T5l2l8. Let be given a semi-circle with

diameter AB. Consider a point C on the

1. Hay chrlng rninh li vin bi sE dao dOng

di6u hba,
2. Cho bidt bi6n dd dao ddng cta vi6n bi Ii
9,8cm vd gia t6c trong trrrdng li 9.8m/s2. FIay
tinh chu ki dao ddng ctia vi6n bi.
lJ. Cho biet nl : 1009, or = l5crn vd
02 = 10cm. Hay tinh d6 crlng ctta cac lir xo L,
vit L.

senri-circle . Let CH be the altitude of triangle

O I ancl O, be respectively the

ABC and

inceniers of triangles ACH, BCH. Determinr,

the position of C so that the length of O,O, is
grerrtest.

I'I II\N'I'TJAN Kt{AN}

(r

Biri L2t2l8

For Upper Secontlary Schoolls.

ri N0i)

\'81218. Solve the ecluation

trdrR, : 30Q - 15A, R. : 10Q - 5A,

E, : 20Q - 20A Trong dc, gi6 tri sau ld ddng
cao nhdt md cdc di6n trd cci th6l chiu dtloc.
l. Xric dinh cum li6n kdt, c<i thd cri giua ba
di6n trd nAy, chiu duoc ngudn U = 180V
2. Gin st chon li6n kdt Rr ll G2 *,R.) mzic
n6i tiep vdi cum bdng ddn loai 30V - 40W. Tim
c6ch m6c dd c6c bcing ddn sang binh thudng
khi nr6c toin cum vao ngu6n di6n U = 22OY
kh6ng ddi, sao cho cum E : fir ll (R. + R7)
khdng bi ch6y. 86 qua gi6 tri di6n trd cira diy
Cri 3 di6n

2cos(x :45{') -cos(r -45" ;sinZr -3sin2-r, +4

T8l2t8. Let be given an integer n greater

than 2. Prove that there exist trvo distinct
permutations (s, , sr,... s,,) and (f , , t2, ,,.,tn)
of (1, 2, ..., n) such that

,,rri,rcN

sr*2s, *3sa * ... *tLE,r:

=/t *2t2+3t1*...*ntn.

PROBLEMS IN THTS ISSUE

For Lower Secondary Schools.

Tgl2l8. The sides AC, AD, BC and BD of

a tetrahedron ABCD touch a sphere (S.,) of
radius f with center I on the side AB. The
sides CA, CB, DA and DB touch a sphere (S'.,)
of radius r, with center Jon the side CD. Prove

T1/218. Find the greatest perfect square

the last digit of which is not 0 such that after
deleting the two last digits, the remaining
number is a pelfect square.

the relation

43n poz

- 4r2) = CD4(AB2 - 4p1.

TlOl2l8. Construct outside a triangle ABC

T2l2l8. Determine the numbers x, y

satisfying

the three equilateral triangles A'BC, B'CA and,

C'AB. Let Arr, A1 ) 8,,, 81 and C,.,, C, be

*r

4
x24 =

such that the product

P(r) : 1xz - 211ri2 - 3)(r2 - 6).

Prove that for every prime number p,
there is a positive integer z such that P(n )
is divisible by p

(-l'hii Binh)

^i\rz
Zr2 +1

71218. Consider the polynomial

ndi

r-at

respectively the rnidpoints of the sides BC

; CA , C'A' and A3, A'B' of the two
triangles ABC, A'B'C'. Prove that the lines
AAt, B,,Bl, C,,Ct are concurrent and

ry attains least value.

B'C'

TBl2l8. Solve the equation

AAt=

"*(;11'=t
11

B,,Br=

C,,Cr.

Tim hi6u s6u th6m to6n hq. phd th6ng

*

Dfr T}IOC BfrT KTIfr OOY

Ti6'n Xudn D6ng (Nam

Dinh nehia I : GiA sit fh) ld m6t da thrlc
v6i ciLc ho ;d hrru ti. f(x) drroc gqi le bdt kha

quy tr6n Q ndu 1@) kh6ng vidt drrqc drr6i dang

tich cria hai da thrlc ccj bAc kh6ng nh6 hon I
vdi cac h6 s6 hrru ti.
Dinh nghi a 2 : GiA sit f(x) li mdt da thrlc
v6i ct.c hQ sd nguy6n. f(x) dtroc goi la bdt kha
quy trdn Z ndu f(x) khdng vidt drroc drl6i, dang
tich cira hai da thrlc cri bAc kh6ng nh6 hon 1
vdi cdc hO sd nguy6n.
Dinh nghia 3 : Da thrtc fk) v6i edc hO sd
a,rq% goi li nguy6n b6n ndu vA chi ndu
"g"vb"
cric h6 sd cira nri nguy6n td cing nhau.
Chri y ring ndu f&) ld m6t da thrlc v6i c6c
h6 sd htru ti thi cd thd vidt nrj m6t cdch duy
.rt at a,rOi

sd ddu ti6n cria g(-r1 kh6ng chia hdt cho p. Ta

c6

X6t ba trudng hop

/(r) -!ufr@) = lrrr*)

vafz@) d6u nguyGn bAn. Khi drf

co

adfr(x) = bcfz@).
Nhrr vdy ladl vd lacl a6u In USCLN crla
cric h6 s6 cria cr)ng mdt da thrlc v6i c6c hQ s6
nguy6n. Tt dd suy ra di6u phAi chfng minh.
Bd dd Gaoxo : Tich cria hai da thrlc
nguy6n bAn li m6t da thrlc nguy6n b6n.
Chirng minh : Th{t vAy giA sit de cho c6c

thfc

nguy6n bAn

f(x) = on

or* +... + *f,i + ... +

=br*brx +...
vi giA sit

g(x)

>-

+ bjx)

1,

Z)i=0,j>l.Khidd
i

+.i

"

i = o,,b.i 1.?,,:r1'"

'
s</
Y4y ci+ikh6ng chia hd,t cho p

ft@) la m6t da thrlc nguYn bin'

.
sd cria
sd
cric
h
quy
d6ng
mdu
vQy
ta
Mu6n
sd
thlnh
nhan
cta
cac
ttl
USCLN
det
f@ r6i
tit. Ta thdy reng f(x) vd fr(x) cri cing mQt bAc.
Dd chring minh cdch vi6t dd ld duy nhdt

da

c,*, kh6ng chia hdt cho p

ta

j > 7.Khi dd
*| a,b, * a,b,
I aP, = 2 ",b, r+s:l+j
r+s:i-r/ r+s=lti
s(r
.<i
Ndu rci thi o, : p. Ndu's <7 thi bri p.
M?t khdc 4.,b, kh6ng chia hdt cho p. VAy
7)

trong dci; la rnQt phAn sd tdi giAn (a, b e Z) vit

f{x)

4,6,

,r+s:l+J

f(x):lorr@

trong dd

c;,i : )

a.rg

(x6 xich ddu) giA str

Hi)

"d

@o

o)

chia hdt chop.

Trong moi trudng hop ta d6u crj c, *, kh6ng
chia h6l cho p. Di6u nAy fiAiv(ti giA thidt. Vdy
f(x).9(d la nguydn bf,n.
Dinh li 1: N6u da thrlc f(x) vdi c6c h6 s6
nguy6n cci bAc n > | bdt kha quy tr6n Z thi
nci cring bdt kha quy tr6n Q.
Chrlng minh: Thit vAy gifr srl n-gtloc lai
ring da thitc fk) khA quy tr6n Q, trlc li f(xt ft@).fz@) trong d6 fr{x), fz@)ld cdc da thrlc
v1i cfuc hO sd hfru ti vi cci bAc nh6 hon z.

Ta

m6t sd ngriien tdp ln rr6c s6 chung ctiua tdt ch

cac ne s6 i6,c1,..',cm+k.Vi tdt cA c6c h6 s6
ctta f(x) kh6ng ddng thdi chia hdt cho p do f(x).
le nguy6n -b6n, - n6n trong cric . hQ sd
ao, a1l.-. ' , ap sE cd m6t s6 ddu ti6n, giA sr1 o;
kh6ng chia hdt chop. Ttiong tU gta sit b, la hQ

cci

fi@) :

a.

(i : 1,2) trong drj

n t,t l
I

ai
,. ld m6t ph6n s6 t6i giAn
bi

viL gi@)

ld rn6t da

thrlc nguy6n bAn.

Tt

+ +b,,,lt'(b^*o)

f(x);e@) - c,*crx +..i c,*,i+i +...*co,*;fn+k

Ndu f(r)e(r) khong nguyGn bAn thi tdn tai

3) j : O, i >- 1. Tuong tu nhu tnrdng hop

ta clrng .6
kh6ng chia hdt cho p.
"i*j
4) i = A, i : 0. Khi dd c, - ar,.b,, kh6ng

dd

al 'az
L 'o2
A* s1(r)
'fk) = ol
-' .gr(r).

ar'42 o
srlbr bz : : vdi (q, r) : 1. Khi dci ta
o
c6 fk) :
; S(x) .82@).
Ndu c, IA mOt h6 s6 ndo dti ctra tich
gr(r) Sr(i; tfri c,.q phAi chia hdt cho r vi c5c
hG s6 cria f(x) ld nh(tng s6 nguy6n. Vi (q, r) = t
n6n c, phAi chia hdt cho r. Vay r ld m6t u6c sd
chung cta cdc h s6 crla tich S(x).52@).
GiA

t2

(fr(x) = x * b vdi b e Z). Gie

e
{,,!r.u
?rry nghiQq.ntyan c:iua f ,rx1
thi x^ phAi
lh rrdc sd cria 3. Tt dc, suv ra.r :
+1, +9. M6t kh6c d6 dlng chrtng minh diioc

Nhrrng theo bd d6 Gaoxo thi gr(r) .82@) la

ngu.y6n bAn. Viy r : +1. Tt) d6 f(x) :
r q .gr(x) . 8z@) vdi + e.8r(r) vd, gr(x) lir cric
da thrlc vdi c5c h6 s6 nguy6n vi cd bAe nh6
hon rz. Yqy f(x) le kha quy tr6n Z, tuai v6i gi6
thidt. VQy f@) bdt khA quy tr6n Q.
Dinh li 2: Cho da thdc f(x) = a,,* arx * ...
*^gnrn (z >
-l) t^ron^g dc5 o,.t,o.t1....,3nla nhung
so nguyen va mot so nguyen t,op t.noa man cac
didu ki6n sau
1) an kh6ng chia hdt chop
2) an, a1,..., a* chia hdt chop (0 < k < n)
3) o,. kh6ng chia hdt cho p2
Ndu f(r) vidt drroc du6i dang tich cria hai
da thdc vai c1.c h6 sd nguy6n thi bAc cta m6t
trorrg hai da thrlc dri kh6ng nh6 hon k + L
Cht?ngminh: Gihsitf(x) = h(x).g(x) trongdd
It(x) = br.*brx *... *b,,rrr11
g(rc) : co* crx +... +
"n-,.,rrn-"'
Ta co^o,, : bo,co. Vi oo i p vd kh6ng chia
hdt cho p - n6n trong hai sd b ,,, c ,, cd m6t s6 chia
hdt chop vA. s6 cbn lai kh6ng chia hdt chop. GiA
sfi 6n i p vi c,, khOng chia hdt cho p. Vi o,., -

nghiOnr nguy6n

:
:.u.,

fr(L'l * 0, h(-I) * O, fr(3t * O, f"(-3) * O.

Di6u v6 Ii n?y chrlng t6-ring /r) [h6ng vidt
dudc dudi dang tich ctra hai da thrlc c6 bac
kh6ng nh6 thua 1 vdi cdc h sd nguy6n.
Dinh li 3 : Gii st g(x) li mdt da thrlc cri
bAc kh6ng nh6 hon 1 vi crj cric h6 s6 htu ti.
Khi dd v6i mdi da thrlc f(x) v6i c5c h6 sd htu
ti cd m6t vh chi m6t c4p da thrlc q(x), rk) vdi
c:ic h6 sd hitu ti sao cho 1'1*1 : gfi). qix.t + r(x)
vd d,egr(x) < degg(x.) ndu rk) * O.
Chrlng minh : Trddc het ta chrlng n:rirri:
bing quy nap theo bAc ctra da thrlc f(x) su t(in
tai cria c6p da thac q(x), r(x).
GiA st Sk) : br,* brx + ... + bng,t11 (nz> l,

b.,r...-,r, kh6ng chia hdt chop n6n

b,r,

b *Ot
'\A,r 1frt = 0 ho4c degf(x) < nz thi chi vi6c
chon q(x) : 0 vi r(x) = f(x). Gia stt kdt luAn
dirng v6i m6i da thrlc

vA giA sit

cci bdc

nh6 hdn ni'n > m)

(o,, * 0)

f(il : er,* afc + .., t o,{n

a,
D4t /,(r) = f(x) --.*n-rn.g(x;.
u

Ta

cd

ttt

ngay f ,k) : 0 hoac deqf {x) < n. Theogie thidt

quy nap cd c6p da thtlc et@) , r1(:r) sao cho
f 1@) : g(x).q r(x) + ,'r(x) trong dd r,(;) : 0 h,rdc
degrr(xt < nt.

cfrng kh6ng

chia hdt cho p. Goi lo ld s6 nh6 nhdt trong s6

c6c sd I th6a m5.n b, kh6ng chia hdt gtro p thi 0
. i,,. ( nz. Ta c6'a,,,:c,,.bi,_ + ) b, c,

i+j=i.

r)<i<io
Tt dd frxl : s(x\1n,,Af,.,,-,nf+r,(r)
khdng chia hdt chop.
Vfly i^ > h + L Mat khdc nt. > i^, vQy nt. > g(x)q(x) * rk) vdi
ft + 1 (d.p.c.m) voi k : n - 1 ta nhdii duoc ti6u
Q,,
chudn Aidenstai (Eisenstein) : Cho da thrlc
ek) = qr* +C *t-rrr, r(x) : rt(x)
fk) : an* arr * ... * o.rn (n > l), trong rlci
a, Z (l : 0,-1, ..., n)i d)u a,, ..., a*, chia h5!
cho sd nguyOn td p ; a,,lihOng chid'hdt cho p2
C6c ban hey tr/ chrlng minh tinh duy nhdt
vi on kh6ng chia h6t cho p. Khi do fkt bd,t l<htt
q(il, rkt
.ctta
quy tr6n Q.
Dfnh li 4 : Cho da thfc f(il khac O, c6 cac
. Ap dung dinh li 2 ta cd thd giai drioc bii
hO sd hrfu ti vi cri m6t nghiOm la a. Ndu (r;
to6n sau :
bdt kha quy tr6n Q thi f@ li m6t da thrJc cci
Bii to6n ': Gii st f(x) = xn + 5rn- I + 3 bdc nh6 nhdt v6i cric h6 sd htu ti vi cci m6t
trong dd z li mdt sd nguydn ldn hon 1. Chrlng nghiEm li o.
minh ring f(r) kh6ng vidt duoc drldi dang tich
Chrlng minh : Yi f(x) khdc 0 vi. cci m6t
ctra hai da thric cci bAc khdng nh6 thua 1 vdi
nghiOm la a n6n degfrx) > 1. Gia srr L(r) In da
thrlc vdi c6c hO s6 hrru ti vi ccj m0t n'ghi6m la
c6c h6 s6 nguy6n.
a vA cci bAc nh6 nhdt. Ndu degfk) >-degf..(xt
(Dd thi to6n qudc td nam i993)
thi theo dinh li 3 (chu y rang d'egf^ra1 t f it;;
Giii : GiA srl f(x) = f{x) f2@) trong dci tai cic. da thtlc q(x), r.(il voi cric lie sd hr:u ti,
trong dci hoAc r(x) = 0 hodc degr(xt < degf,.kt
f1@), f2@) ld cric da thrlc vdi c6.c h6 sd nguy6n
vd degq(x) > 1. Vi f(x) bdt khA quy tr6n Q" iien
vi cri bic kh6ng nh6 thrra 1.
r_k) * 0 vd degr(r: t < degf ,.(xl. Ta c0ng cci
Dathncfk) th6a min cac g1ilthi5t ciia dinh degr(x) > 1 vi ria) = 0. Di6u'iray trai v6i dinh
li? vdi p = 3, k = n' 2. VAy trong c6c da thrlc nghia cua f ^k). Yqy f(x) li m6t da thrlc cd bic
/r(r) va f2@) cC m6t da thrlc cri bAc kh6ng nh6 nh6 nhat vdi cae h s6'hiru ti vd cri m6t nghi6m
hon ru - 1. Gie sil [(r) cci bAc kh6ng nh6 hon td o. Ap dung dinh li 4 tacci thd giAi drroc bai
tod'n sau
'
n - l. Khi dd f2(x) ct bAc bing 1 Vay f2@) c6
,*nm tidp trorug 2)

13

H|NH CTI9NHATVANG
L6 Quang Antr (TP Hd Chi Minh)
nh6 cria hinh chir nhAt thi ta drtoc hinh chtr
nhAt mdi d6ng dang v6i hinh chrf nhdt cfl.
Goi chi6u ddi cira hai canh hinh chtl nhAt
ddu ti6n li o * b (l6n) vi o (nh6).
Cdc cdp canh cria c6c hinh cht nhdt drroc
thnnh ldp theo cSch tr6n li (canh ldn tr6n,
canh nh6 drrdi) :

Trong bni ndy chring ta s6 xem x6t m6t sd

tinh chdl thri vi ctla m6t ldp hinh chil nhAt,

eoi ln hinh chii nhdt vAng duoc ngudi Hy Lap

kham ph6 ra vAo khoAng 500 nam trrr6c TAy
lich mi ddu vdt ngiy nay v6n cdn thdy trong
HOi hoa, di6u kh6c, kiSn truc. P!6p dgng loai
hinh chrr nhQt niy ddn ddn s6 V5, con s6 niy
ld chia khria dd drrng drrgc ngt gr6c d6u bdng
thudc k6 vh compas. Ngtl gi6c d6u lai li mdt
cria khdi L2 mat ddu vir ld da gi:ic "n6i tidp"
trong kh6i 2O lr;rQt ddu, khdi da din ndi ti6ng
nhat-trong s6 5 khdi da di6n ddu. Hinh cht
nhAt ving drroc ngudi Hy LAp d6nh giri cao
bdi v6 dgp ri6ng cta nci vd v6 dep cria cdc srt
vdt todn hoc cci li6n quan ddn nd.
Ta h6y quan s5t day sd sau dAy :
t, l, 2,3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, ...
Ta thdy ngay li m6i s6 hang (tr) s6 hang
thrt ba trd di) bing tdng hai s6 h4ng dring ngay

fa+b.Jfa..)lu .) [a-b.) {za-go.) [st-so

lo'Quafb'
lo-6' lZb-a' l5b-3o' 15o-86'"'
dd ta thdv canh l6n cta hinh chir nhAt
bine tdne cria trii cinh cta hinh chri nhet [6
)

tidp-sau ilti. Neoni ra ta cbn thdv rane cic h6

sd'cira a vd b tlons cdc bidu thrlc can[ d tr6n
cri li6n hQ mAt thi5t v6i cic sd h4ng'trong day
Fibonacci.
2. Ti sd ud.ng.
o Qu6 trinh thanh 16r: li6n tiSn cac hinh
chir nhht'ndv lA kh6ns tlid k6t thdc duoc vi
oleu nay nol len ran

tru6c nd. Dey s6 niy drroc Leonard de Pise

ph6t hiQn ra tr) ndm 1200 nhdn m6t bdi to6n
v6 srr sinh d6 cira m6t v6p th6 vd tt dri ngudi
ta goi d<i la day Eibonacci (Fibonacci : con
traicira su gidu cd). M6i li6n h6 gitta hinh chrr
nhAt ving vi diy sd niy dd lA ngudn cAm hrlng

'lkhdng do ltrdng dudc". Vn ti sd rra = - li sd

v6 ti. Paccioli (1502) gqi sd m ld "s6?friuo*
li6ng",
cira iroi",'cfiinh Leonard de Vinc'i
,1452 "sd
- 1519) Cqi nO la 56 ving". Chfng minh
s6 na ld s6 v6 ti drtoc Oampanus dua ra vdo
n6m 1260 nhrl sau :'
Gii str m lb. s6 hfru ti trlc li ti sd cria hai s6
nguv6n duone a vA.b (a > b). Cd.c canh cria cAc
hinll chrr nhdT vdng dtioc vidt lidn'tidp li :
a, b, a -b, 2b -a, 2a -3b, 3a -5b, 5a -8b,...
"Idt ch ddu Id sd nsuv6n drtons tidp di6n vO
tAn vi eiAm ddn : di6u-nriv kh6n's clidp nhAn
diroc trSng tap hgp N. Vay m vOY.i.

cria bao nhi6u kh6m ph6 Torin hoc md m6t sd

trinh biy trong bni niy. Vao th6 ki i8

ngudi ta cdn tim thdy ring hinh chir nhAt vAng
cri liAn hO vdi dtrdng xo6n Logarit md drrdng
ndy thi iai cd li6n h6 vdi thd gi6i trr nhi6n : cAy
c6, sinh vAt...
se ddoc

1.

Hinh chtt ruhdt uirng lir gi

,tJzb

H.lb
H.la
cht nhdt kich
thu6c 3 x 5 (mQt th6 thrI vi6n ching h4n).
Hinh

1a cho thdy m6t hinh

lb thi m6t hinh chir

nhAt mdi kich thu6c 2 x 3 xudt hi6n.
Ti sd canh nh6 tr6n canh l6n trong hai hinh
chit nhAt dy ln ,
l.Idu ta gdp th6 theo hinh

32
E = 0,6 ) 5=

h.2
r

A,67

20_31

Tinh m :Do tinh chdt cria hinh chil nhAt

ving ta cd :

Hai ti s6 gdn bing nhau.

Hinh chrr nhflt vhng ln hinh chfr nhAt rlng
vdi hai ti sd dy bing nhau. MOt crich chinh x5c
hdn : Hinh chtr nhat ving li hinh chrt nhft
mi khi ta c6t di hinh vu6ng cd c4nh ld canh

bab
o. o.*b

L4

I
a

1+- a

= | - tn ; m,3 ='rm - m,2 = 2m - |

m4=2m2-m=2-3m,...
m2

)-qn12 *m -! = O
' li, * = _
L+n?,

Hav
Do

m >,0 n6n ta drrgc

Ndu ldy

. cd thd
dfrng nt
bing t}llltfic
vi
ke
compas theo
hinh vE sau

mi

ban

LiQu c<i thd dua ra drrqc mdt c6ng thrlc tdng

qurit khdng ?
2)rDem c5c s6 h4ng cta d6y s6 Fibonacci chia
cho 2 ta drtoc e6c du sd li : 1,2,0, 1, L, 0, ...
Cbn ndu chia cho 3 ta drroc cdc drr s6 ld :
l, lr 2, 0,2,2, 1, 0, 1, 1,2,...
Ca hai dey sd tr6n d6u tud,n hoin chu ki
ldn lttot ld 3 vA 8.
H6y chrlng t6 ring day sd cci drtoc rlng vdi
ph6p chia cho 4, cho 5, ... crlng tudn hoin ?
o Tdng qu6t, chrlng minh m6nh d6 sau ddy
(Lagrange) : Drr s6 cr&.a c6,c sd hang cria day sd
Fibonacci cho bdt ki sd nguy6n drrong ndo cring
tao n6n m6t d6y s6 tudn horin.

tll = ry

I sd thab phnn thi ta cd

m.

dAy

0,618033989

A_

dqc c6 thd
kidm tra d6

ddng:

AEII IF

4. Dubng xod.n dc.

h.3

EF-FB-m

3. Xa hon mQt ch.ilt nrta

4r

o Theo tr6n ta c6 : nt. = =lL +fi1,

Talaithay m vdo v6phii cta phrrong trinh
'

l/L=

1
| + l+tn

vd crl thd tiSp tgc

m.=

/k

.Z

t*

Nhu v5y m ld

t1

1*-

gSdi

+50

h.4 //

t
1+1+-

h4n cria d6y sd

111
T; 1*T1; 1* 1
1*;tI

Nam sd hang ddu ti6n duoc tinh ra

li

:1;

Sau m6t chrit suy^nghi ta cri thd vi6t drroc

sd hang tidp theo fa

fr

tr

'F

o Tntdc h6t ta sE dUns m6t dudne xo6n

zigzag mi cdc dinh thti6c" mOt dudnE io6n
lo[q{..B6t d4q.biqg mOthinh'chir nhd"t ving
ABDF (h.4) chi6u d5i ln I * m vi chi6u rdnE
la 1. Tr] dinh thdp nhdt - dinh A - ta drinE
drrdng thin-g t4o
a4 r_nQt_ g6c 45o, dubnE
niy cit canh tr6n 16!
BD tai C.Hi CH vu'6ns odE
y.di44_Ie_quq_c m6t hinh chu nh4t vdng-fi6i
ln CDFH. Tt C v'm6t dudns thine ta"o v6i
canh CH m6t gcic 45o'; drrdndniv c8't DF tai
E.Hq EJ vu6ns sdc v6i CH.la [ai drroc m5t
hinh cht nhAt vnne m6i. Vd crl thd tiSr: tuc...
Ta thu drroc dudn{xohn zigzag ACEdI...'
Hinh chir nhAt vbns thrl nhdt ABDF bidn
thdnh hinh chtr rihat vi-ne rhrl hai CDfnAaii
m6t phdp quay 90d tidp theo li m6t nh6n cJti
s6 nr- (trfc.lh mgt phep'ddng dang'ti 'm).'Cung
nhtr vQy_trl-hinh_chtr irtrat t'ht ha\ CDFH sang
hinh chu nhnt thtl ba GHJK,...
..-Cric canh cta c6c hinh ch&nh{t niy kd li6n
uep ra :
I * rn, l, ffi, | - m, Znt - 1,...

;...

| 2 3 5"
,; B;b;8;

crl thd tiSp tuc. Ban

"a
dSq qd nhfn ra.la trl sd cl0la cdc phdn s6 dy
cliinh ln iric sd hane cta dav sd Fibonaccr
kh6ng ? Vi cA cric'm6u sd nt6. Thir,dAt vdn
ddngugcl4i : Li6u ddys6 I ;r;E ; ; ; ...
b 8
cd phAi ld dev sd h6i tu ddn m kh6ns ? Simson
fi134\ dd ch'rlns minh rins dav coir Edm cdc
s6 hane d vi thtl ch6n eiArf vd'dav coi c6c sd
hanq d"vf^tli{_16 tlqg vE cd hai cirhg hQi tu v6
nL, nnv vay oay so ay nor Iu Ye n'1.
o Ddn ddv ban doc nio thich thri vdn d6
tron chrinE tt5i xin siiri thi6u hai bni to6n cri
li6n quan?6n sd ni vd dey sd Fibonacci do
Lagrdnge det ra.
f l fid- tra lai cric d&ng [ht"

Do

rn = | + *ta

canh tr6n nhtt sau

cd thd viSt bidu

thtc cdc

nL-1, n1,o, m,l, nxz, m,3r..,

Nhu vdy d0 dai c5c canh cric hinh chrl nh6t
tao thinh--mQt cdp sd nhan, cdng b6i e = i.
o Ta chrlng minh duoc dtrdng xo6i zigzag
ACEGL.. ndi tr6n "h6i tu" t4i didm T, g1ao

'

15

didm cta BF vd DH, hai dudng ch6o trrong

,f.rs nhru trong hai hinh chrr nhat thrt nhdt
vaTfrr: hai. ? cung chinh li t1m d6ng dpng da
ncii 6 tr6n. Bav e-rd ta s6 tim c5c c6ng thrlc don
siAn dd dinh Lai dinh cira drrdng xod:n zigzag
8". Cfron T ld s6c,r li khoAng c6ch tt gdc d54
;e";l;h. ta dtrri'y le ti dinh nlv sang dinh
kd tidp ta phAi quay|, (chi6u ACEGI... nhtt
hinh 4) vd c6c khoing c6ch tr] dinh ddn g6c T
bi co lai theo ti sd m. N6u chi r s6ldn cria \t*"5
gcic quay ching han A ring v6i t
9 ; C].f.ng v6i
thrlc don
cong
cci
ta
2,..,
t
7 = i , ^e fne
=
=
"AiCinh cira xoan zigzagld
ginrr dd dinh-aic

'

r:AT.m't

"

_//

h.5

6
I,

c<j

Thd thi ta cri phrrong trinh xdc dinh cdc

dinh :

R:ntl

trong dci tldy cdc gratti nguy6n kh6ng Am

Trl-dci

PrPz EPz x

egr:

P-P"*

*x2+r-1:0

L-x

T:

Qun thAt nghidm drrong cua phrrong trinh

ndy chinh ld m v4ry.
o Khi nghiOn crlu v6 ngu gi6c d6u^nguir!
Hv Lao dd thu dtroc th6m hai tang phdm'qui
gih nia: dci lA kh6i 12 mat d6u vn kh6i 20 mat
oeu

c6ng thrlc don gi6n hon n[la ta cri

(xem A? ld don vi).
thd det : ,R :

Od

P,P"PinP. - Gie stt cdc drrdng ch6o bing

nhair *7abi'ng 1 ; c.anh'cria ngri gi6c lir' Goi
E ld giao didm crla P,P. vir P rP o. Ta thay de
ddng ring LPtEP.- can B Po vi :'
LPf 2P;^ LEPzP3 (h.6)

1,2,3, "'
Bnv sid ta cho t ldv cac sl6 trl thrrc khfrng
Am td st dtroc m6t dttdng Eong li6n tuc nhrl
O,

Trons kh6i 12 mdt d6u ta chrlng minh drroc

khi ndi tlAm ctia cdc'm6t thich hop ta s6 duoc
5-iiin[ ctrt nhat vdne. cirn tronq krr6i zo mat
aa-T" cuns-drio" 3 }iinh cht nhlAt vane bailg
crich ndi c61 dinh thich hop cria khdi trv. Tft
cA nhfrns vdn d6 vG kh6i dd din d6u (ldi hoac
bdi khdc mA co
lom) s6Ia noi duns cta m6t
'
dip ch':ng t6i sE tri-nh bny.
Ban doc ndo thich thri vdn d6 chung t6i d5.
trinh'bdv'd tr6n xin doc th6m cdc bhi t6p drrdi
dAy vd thr] tim cach trA ldi xem :
Cd.u hdi (1) a. Ti ntz : 1 - m ta c6 :

= {1 Iffi
: v1 -il -'vT -riz :

nt :,{Tlnt

h.5 gri la dudng xo6n logarit.

5. NgA gidc t\u

nEudc lai xem d6v sO

rlT ;

{1

- {T ; \1 - {l-r-E

,..

Ddy s6 ndy cci h6i tu ddn m. kh6ng /

b, D4t

BM
-

1^
t - --.Ta

{1

ri'r

* rIFffi,...

tq ddn f khdng'i
(2) - Hay chrlng minh hai cAu h6i d mgc 3
(Lagrange gqi!).
(3) Xem hinh 4. Tidh chi6u dii cria hinh
xoin zigzag?
cci hQi

o Neri si6c d6u crlng ld m6t t6ng phdrn nta

md thiOfi n[ion g(ri ddnZdc nhA torin hoc..N<i c<j
li6n quan gt ddn sii vitngm ? Cd vn dd ld :
, Ti sd cria dd ddi dudng ch6o tr6n d6 dni m5i
c4nh bing m.TbQtvAy, iem mQt ngu gi6c d6u

tl = I *t

Tild<i:
t :,[t*t: rJi+rlt+r + { 1+{1{t +, :...
Day sd dinh bdi

P4

cci :

,E
Ddps6.'- ).

16

rnr

oE

roAN rirun MINH nAt ruAu Hoc 1994 -

HCIc stNH Gtot

L6P

1) Gqi./ le di6m tr6n doan

Thdi gian : 120 phrit (kh6ng k6 thdi gian ch6p d6)

I : (5 d) Hay phan tich s6 1328 thinh t6ng cr'ra hai s6

Bii

nguy'en

Y sao cho X chia hdt cho 23 vd Y chia

h6t cho 29."aHey tinh X vi Y khi -Y - Y

Bii

2 : (4 d) Cho da thilc

*5 *3

lM :

3NJ.

Ctritrry

2) Sdn xanh mqi hinhlBNM. Tinh din tich toen phdn

duoc sdn mdu xanh.

52.

Bii 3 : 1) C6 hay kh6ng d6y t5ng : q+-< az < a3 < a4 < as

< a6th6a : ai e N v6i i : t,e ; at : | ; a4 : a3+

2x

f(x).: A - ? + 15

1 ; au

auld

b) Chilng t6 dng/(x) nhQn gie tri nguy6n kh6c 17 v6i mai

tri

t}rrda :

minh di6m./ di dQng tr6n mQt dudng thEng c6 d!nh.

a) Hey phan :;,clnf(x) thirnh nhAn til

gi5

MN

1995

nguy6n cira x.

: (a d) C6 baonhius6V6i (v6i1 < a < 6 ; 1 < D <

6 ; 1 < c < 6) th6a mdn difu kiQn : "Tich a.b.c li s6
cnan.
Bii 4 : (7 d) Cho tan gAcABC v6t tnrnl tlcdnAM. GSi 4
F lb c5c diiSm ldn lrrQt thu6c c6c cqrir1AB, AC sao cho
ME : MF. C]nfirr} minh dng IBC 1A tam gi6c cdn
.
dinh A trong m5i trrrdng hQP sau :
giitc
c{c
tam
gi6c
trong
c[ra
a) ME vit MF ldn lddt Ie phAn
AMB vitAMC.

Bii3

150 dey a1, az, a3 ld cdp s6

dly bt,bz,bt ld cdp s6 nhAn ; day be, bs,

Do

ld cdp sd cQng ?

3) Trong (2) thay h : 2bdi br =

difu kiCn khdc. H6y giAi bdi to6n.

vi

giit nguyn c6c

tren canhlD ; di6m N di dQng trCn canh BC

AM + BN : i (const) v6i a < I < b.

co thd tinr dudc phep chi6u wdng goc sao.cho hinh

chi6u crla tangiAcArAy4, la nr6t doqn.thing c6 dQ
ddi bing V3 vd trung diim ctra do4n thing d6 lai lA
hinh chi6r cira mOt dinh cria tam $6cA.rA.y4,

HOANG CHUNG

ci,r

sao cho

Bii 4 : Trong kh6ng gian chgJ4r gtec ALAzA. vu6ng tqi.41

carhAiz = V3 va A4/t: 30o. Chtng nrinh rSng

Ldp 11
Thdi gian 180 phrit (khong k6 chep dd)
:

d6,y a4, a5,

2) C6t,ay kh6ng ddy t6ng : bt < bz < bt < bt < bs < bt

th6a :Di Nv6i i : 1.,6 ;br = 2 ;bq : bt+ 1 ; bo : 150

b) ME vd MF lAn hldt le trung tuyt5n cria c6c tam gi6c

AMB vitAMC.

Bii L : GiAi vd bi.n lu4n h phuc,ng trinh

'
ir +t': a
I ;
1
:voi aeR.
lcos:x+ccrs)= I -66v
Bii 2 : Trcr\ mat phing cho hSLQinh h1nhABCD c6
AB : a, AD : b vb BAD : 45'. lrim M di dQng

cdng;

cdp sd nhAn ?

cHEP HiNH vuONG

Cho m6t hinh ru6ng. Hdy vE hai ctJdng chia hinh vu6ng

d6 thirnh 4 hinh bing nhau sao cho khi cit hinh vu6ng d6
theo hai dr.ldng chia ta dudc 4 minh bing nhau vir khi gh6p
hai rn'lnh lai ta dudc mdt hinh chtr thQp.

PHAM HUNG

Gid.i dd.p bd.i

DIEN s5

TT

II

III

2
3
4

2
4
7
2
6
8
6
9
9

7
3
3
3
3

6
8
5
9
5

6
7

7
5
5

9
3
9
6
8
9
6

8
3
9
8
9
9
4
9

I.
1

15

8
6

16

t7

8
9

18

7
4

t2
t3
t4

6
7
7

3
2

2
8

11

8
8
6

VI

5
5
5

2
3
4
4

9
10

2
2

4
3

3
a

ISS$:0866-8035.
Chi s6 12884

Md sd r 8BT20M5

VII VIII Ix

)')

6
4
7
8
6
9
3
9
3

'7

a
1

6
4
,7

9
9
9
9
8
8
9
8

5
5

4
4
4
6

2
2

3
1

8
2
6

7
a

7
7
7
.,

7
4

vao

Ta d6nh s6 c6c 6 trong

hinh tam gi6c Mi cAc chfl sri
La m5 ti I c{6n IX nhr.l trong
hinh v6 bn. Ki hiu ) la
tring s6 c6c 6 rloc theo m6t
canh cria tam gi6c, ta c6 18
c6ch kh6c nhau didn s6 vAcr
tam gi6c theo thil tu cec 6
ti I ddn IX nhrl sau :

)')
24
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25

26
26
26
26
28
28

TAM GIAC

cdLc

Ta rhdy o m6i c6ch neu trcn, n6u ta d6i ch6 2 s6 d

c{p 6 I vi III ; V vi VI ; VIII vA IX v6i nhau thi ta

ti

li m6t c6ch neu tr6n ta

c6ch m6i. V6.y s6 c:4c c:ich
c6 th6 c6 duoc 2 x 2 x 2
144
di6n s6 thoa m5n v6u cdu cira bii ra ld 18 x 8
cAch (Iodng Mqni cuong, D6ng H6i, QuAng Binh)
s6 drldc mQt c6ch m6i. Nghia

:8

Nh{n x6t.
ch6 2 s6 d

di6n s6 theo c4ch dtii

d6i xitng v6i nhau qua trqc d6i xing

Ci4c ban cdn c6 th6

c.4c c5p 6

cira tam gi6c.

Sip chu tai Trung tAm Vi tinh vi

In tai Xu6ng Chd b&n in Nhd xudt bAn GiSo dqc.
In xong vi gtti lrru chidu thring 8/1995

BiNH PHUONG

Gi6:

2000d

IIai nghin ilbng

vrEN

rdra

cONe

DFr orEn

rcY

NGHE

u olEru r0 (rMET)

rrro6r vr pnrn prrdt smr prrir-r

Weornes TFI VIE-I NfiM

6, vAu PHONG GrA0 DrCFr rAr HA Nor

39 Ly Thrrdng Kfi6t, Hoin Ki6rn Ha Ndi
Tel. : 84 4 25}7ffi :84 4 261645

Fax:844267645
:

Ding ldt QuAn

TAr

1, TP Hb Chi

rp uit cui MrNH

Minh

Tcl.: tl4 8 439134 ; 84 8 431064

Fax : 848 431064

rc: fvliiy tinh Wearnes li sin

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li

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chgn

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