BQ GTAO DUC VA DAO TAO

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TAP CHI RANGAY 15I{.ANGTIIANG

Le don
nhOn

Hudn
chuong

Lao @ng
hqng Nhi
ngdy
27/12/1995

CanbO
bi6n tdp

vinvd
cdc cQng

bcviAn

hli

ns1

trong

ngdyvui

f $ef,
'!i!:tr;

x1

GS NGUYEN CANH TOAN doc

bio cio

$$#$# tr$$tr##$

tr$#$

#$d$

ffiry*weEg$fl':

Ong HOANG DAO TUNG

Trudng phong Td chr-lrc NXB
doc quydt dinh cia Nhi nu6c

i^

GS DO LONC
ChLi

\XB Giio duc

PH4V V.\\ A\ phet hidu

VAN

GiSm doc

tich H6i Toiin hoc

Vi6t Nam

VL DLTONG TTilJY TdNg thU Ki

H6i Giing day To5n hgc Phd th6ng

PTS TRAN HUY HO Ph5 chi nhiem

ch'ic mimg tap chi

chric mr.rng

PGS

Khoa Todn Co Tin KHTN Hn N6i

W*t rnrilrtgr ,tert?ye o,yrtd

Aa4i 7q
I ?76

TrrAro

ToAN r-roc vA

rolil ngc vA tudt rnf

NHAN HUAN CHUONG

LAo nQNc

HA.'NG

Nui

Sang 21 .12.1995 t+i HQi trudng chinh

Nhi

xuSt

bin

Gizio dr.rc

cli di6n ra L6

ru6r rnE

Liin niy vinh du lai ddn v6i ciin b6,

bi6n tap vi6n v:i cqng tric vi6n cua t4p
chi.

Diy cring li

mQt ddu 6n dring nh6

tr6n budc duong Odi mCi cira tap chi,

dac biQt

li

nam ndm kh&i sr{c gdn ddy.

Tocin ltot: vit tuit'i rrci cr-ing tu biet minh

ddn I-{uin chuong Lao dQng hqng Nhi

con

cria Nhd nuci,'; trao tqng cho t.1p chi

Toan lnc vit tua'i tr6. Hon m6t trdm

ting cluoc nhiing ddi h6i ctia dgc gii

vi theo kip tidn trinh phdt tridn di l6n

dai bi6u cria 86 Girio dgc

vi Drio t4o,

Vi6n Totin hoc Viet Nam, ciic _tnrong

dai hec vi ViQn nghi6n crhr, cdc fry
vi6n H6i ddng bi6n tip. c6ng tiic vi6n,

phii

manh

ph6n ddu nhi6u nria m6i drip

giiu cua d6t nucic.

Sau 16 dcin Huin chuong de di6n

ra

16

phdt thudng cuQc thi thuong ni6n

dai bidu cria Nhi xudt l-riin Gido duc

cung dai dign c:ic b:io, dii di v6 drr.

Gid'i torin tr6n tap chi. Czic ban dugc

tich trcing 20 ndm ddu ti6n t6n tai vd

phrit tridn cria Todn hr.tc vci tuaii n'6.

thd.

giiii & thfi d6 Hi N$i thay mat ciic

Crich diy 1l nam t4p chi cring di duoc ban duoc giii trong ci nudc nh4n Bing
nhf,n hutn chuong Lao d6ng hang Nhi danh du vi phdn thudng cuQc thi 1994
cua Nhi nudc ghi nhfln nhting thanh trong du 6m ni6m vui crja Uudi tC trgng
VKT

Tlr]ry

rRicH Bqo qfro cofi roryc B!EIY_TqP

rnorrc LE Dorl trH6r Hsfiil eHsruNG tfiO ?_9mc
uSHs mrli ffilt 1116 Hfit {NG6Y 2T I 17 |I$erl
^?

"... Liin gid ddi mdi dff dua lai m6t sinh khi
m6i cho ddt nudrc vd brio THvTT, trong lu6ng
sinh k{ri chung ,td,S vu'on l6n manh n-r6. Sd
luong phrit hdnh m5i sd, trong giai do4n khd
khdn, cd khi dn tut xudng cdn cd mdy nghirr
so vdi mudi nghin thuti ban ddu thi nay di vuot
l6n tr6n 16.000. T& 1993 tr6 di. b:ic lai trti lai
phrit hdnh m6i th:ing mot sd. Tir ddu 1994, b'rio
Adi tnanh tap chi vi n6ng sd trang tri 16 l6n
2O, voi 4 trang bia mdu, cd inh, giSy in vn k!
thuit in Sfrng tdt hon trurdc.

V6 n6i dung, tap chi THvTT cfrng

di cti

nhi6u crii tidn dd thu hft d6ng dio d6c gii hon
vi phuc vu tdt hon cho d+y rn hoc todn d thoi
b) ddi mdi cfia ddt nudrc. Tri chd ldy ddi tuong

phgc vg chi ydu li hoc sinh ciic ldp chrry6n

to6n phd thdng trung hoc (Nay li truug hoc
chuy6n ban), nay ddi tuong dn md rQng ddn
hoc'sinh y6u torin (trong d<i cd hoc sinh c:ic
ldp chuy6n vn lop chon) ri c6p hoc d<j vd ci 6
c5p phd th6ng co sd (nay li trung hoc co sd).
Kj'ndo tap chi ctng ra 10 d6 torin trong dd crl
5 dd theo chuong trinh phd th6ng trung hoc vi
5 d6 theo chuong trinh phd th6ng co s6, c<!
nhring dd rit khd danh cho cdc hoc sinh cd
ndng khidu, ddi tuong cd thd sE tham gia d6i
tuydn qudc gia vi qudc td, vd nhring dd khd
vria cho cric ddi tugng hoc sinh y6u torin, khii
to{n tuong ddi r6ng. Ngoii ra cdn c<i 2 bii torin
Vat ly dd 1u6n nhic nhd ban doc ddn cdc fng
dr1ng cfia toiin hoc. Tap chi cfrng di n6m bdt
ciic y6u cdu crja thdi d4i nhu di cd cdc hdi v6
tin hoc, dn md muc "dng kinh cii uich day vd
hoc todn", muc "ban doc tim tdi". Tuy nhi6n
Tap chi trinh hdt sfc chay theo nh&ng thi hidu
kh6ng d{ng d6n cria m6t sd ban doc nhu quri'
thi6n v6 luyQn thi, d[r ld thi qudc gia hay qudc
td, qu:i thi6n v6 tin hoc du cho tin hgc dang li
mdt ctia thdi dai. Chting t6i nghi ring cric gi:ii
thudng qudc gia hay qudc td ld nh&ng b6ng hoa
dgp hrii duoc doc duong, rit cd tric dqng khich
lQ nhtrng chua phii li crii dich cudi cirng, cdn
tin hqc, dd rit quan trong, cfing phii dua tr6n
m6t n6n to6n hqc co bin, vfrng chic thi mtii
2

-.-q-

phrit tridn duoc, mdi ldm cho tin trd thinh m6t
trong nhting mfri nhon dua nudc ta ti&r l6n cd
stlrc canh tranh vdi thd gidi..,
...TrOn dny ld ndi ddn nh&ng ddi rndi trong

n6i dung

cr.Lr

tap chi nhimg nam gdir diy.

Nhfrng nQi dung cli cd tri trucic mi v5n tidp tr'rc

ph6t huy tric dgng tdt thi chring t6i v5n tldp ttlc
cluy tri, cd chqn loc rluoc c:ic biri tdt dd dang.
Ri6ng muc "Ntii chuyQn vrii cric ban trtj y6u
todn", chirng t6i thdy ring ciic nhi todn hoc,
cric thdy dqy toiin, ndu c6 di6u gi rnudn g&i
gim ddn ciic ban tr6 y6u todn thi co the l6ng
vio cdc mgc kh:ic. Chring t6i cfrng muon cho
tap chi cd nhring tranh vui. nhring mAu chuygn
gdy cudi c6 tiic dung thu giin... Chdng t6i cfrng
cd cho tap chi ra dting vao ngiy l -5 hdng thiing
6 Hi NQi vi m6t vii ngiry sau thi ddn cric dia
phuong nhu ldng mong mu6'n ctlr d6c gii,
nhmg d6i khi cdn vi ph4m vi chua chti d6ng
duoc c6ng vi6c chd bin, in-6n vi phrit hdnh.

... Nhin dip nhdn Huin chuong Lao d6ng

hang Nhi ldn thf hai, tap chi THvTT xin t6
ldng bidt on ddi vdri Nhd nu<ic, ddi vrii 86 Gi:io
duc vir Dio tao di ghi nhQn su ddng g<ip ctia
tap chi tr6n 30 nam qua vi dac biCt tr6n l0
nam gdn day dd mot ldn nfia lai tang t4p chi
HUAN CHUONG cao quy. Xin duoc bdy t6
ldng bidt on ddi vdi ciic co quan, dodn thd va
cic ci, nhdn di h6 tro, girip dd, c6ng tdc vtii
tap chi lirm n6n thinh tich niy.
Dac bi6t xin duo.c hay t6 ldng bi6t on ddi vdri
Nhd xuSt bin Girio duc de tao mqi di6u ki6n vd

tinh thdn vd vdt chit dd cho tap chi THvTT

kh6ng nhting kh6i phuc lai duoc stic sdng thu6
ban ddu, md cdn ph6t tridn manh hon tru<ic.

Hy vong ring rdi dAy Nhn nudc sE crj chinh

sich & tdm vi m6 trong vi6c sri dung ciic nhi
to6n hoc, c:ic thAy dAy to:in, bdi duOng cdc hoc
sinh ndng khidu torin vir kh6ng chi dung ci b{c
hgc phd th6ng. Duoc nhu vAy thi' tap chi
THvTT sE tdn tai mdi mii, lu6n lu6n theo klp
thdi dai dd gdp phdn khi6m tdn cria minh cho
ry nghiQp xdy dpg ddt nu6c".

zTZR

xur z .r!

Cfr,irg ta dfl bidt trong chrrong trinh torin cdp 2 (cu) cd mQt d6u hiQu
li : 'Trl g75,c ABCD ngoAi tidp drrdng trbn khi
vdchi khiAB +CD : AD+8C".

E',

nhAn.bidt tri gi6c ngoai ti6'p

f]:ts

oYol
z z.G{
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ffi{
l-f,
t-.

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=-

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ET

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tu
It

l={
ffil
tu
r--d

tffi
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l-

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a0

F
Cli'-'>rQK
(J

\cg

I
,fit

A
-t

-1
I-t
ili

l=rr

&
=t
=

Vi6c chrlng minh vi vAn dung ddu hi6u nA.y vi.o bni tap ddi vdi chring
ta rdt quen thuQc. Tuy nhi6n cri m6t sd bii to6n mi. vi6c sfi dung ddu hi6u
trn kh6ng dua lai kdt qui, ching han nhrr bdi todn sau :
t BAI TOAN I : Cho D l5 didm'trong cfia tam giricABc. Ndi AD, BD,
CD cdt cdc canh ddi di6n tudng rlng tai X Y, Z . Chrlng minh rang ndu hai
trong ba ffi glac DYAZ, DZBX, DXCY ngoai tidp dudng tr6n thi trl giric thri
ba cring thd. (D6 du tuydn thi Torin Qudc t6- nAm 1986).
- Bii torin niy dE drroc drra l6n brlo
THTT Gai 10/15) vd kdt quA ln khdnghoc
sinh nAo giAi drroc ! !
Dd giai drroc bdi to6n tr6n chring ta
phAi bidt ddrr hi6u sau :
I. Dinh l;i I : Cho trl giSc ABCD.K6o
ddi cac c6p canh ddi AB vb, CD cit nhau
tqi K,
ect
LL, uv
BCieeO c6t nhau t4i
uan z,
Z, u.rr
hai uuau
doan
+
ll , t r t , l)
DK vd BL cdt nhau. Khi dri tf gi:ic ABCD ngoai tidp ndtr'va chi ndu th6a
(1)
m6n m6t trong 2 di6u ki6n sau : a) BK + BL = DK * DL
'1

b)CK*AL=AK+CD

(2)

- Ch(rng mintr : d Aayta chi chtlngminh tnJdng

hgp
con tnldng hd-p f) hodn todn tudng tu.
o")GiA sir tt giac ABCD ngoai ti6p (h. L), n6u
ky hiQu nhrr hinh vE ta cri :
BK +BL _ (EK_ BE) ++ (BF + FL) :
: (KG - BE) + (BF + HL) :KG * HD * DL =

=KG+GD+DL:DK*DL.

)
i
Ng,tg" lai, giA srl cd ( 1), ta s6 chrlng minh td giric .i-71;
ABCD ngo4r tidp. Gii srl ttt $6IABCD kh6ng ngo4r tidp. Vc dudng trdn (O)
tiSp xric v6i oic cqnh cria LKAD + (O) Kh6ng tidp xric vdi BC (h.2)
o GiA sir dudng trbn (O) cilt BC (trudng hop (O) kh6ng cdt BC ly ludn
r

tudng tu).

-.Tt L v6 ti6p

tqydn vdi (O)

cit AK tai B' (B' narn giira B vd K) Ta cd :

BK+BL=DK+DL (1) (theo chrlng

minh tren)
B'K + B'L = DK + Dl,
+ BK * BL : B'K + B'L'+ BK - B'K = B'L - BL
+ BB' = B'L - BZ (v6li

!)

V{y (O) phAi tidp xric vdi BC. Dinh ly

drroc chtlng minh xong.

Bay gid ta sE rip drlng dinh l)t 1 dd giai bei torin L " (xem h.3)
* GiA sfi hai tri g16c DZBX vi DXCY ngoai ti6p.

rheo dinh ry 1 ta

"o

,{*:,

: "f,

'":" I

ti,

+ AB + CD : AC +tBD * tt g16c=DyAzngoai tidp.

- Bdy gid ta sE vAn dung dinh l), 1 dd giAi c5.c bAi
to5n sau :
* BAI TOAN 2 : Cho ttt g75.cABCD. K6o ddiAB vd
DC cdtnhaut4i K,k6:o daiBC vdAD citnhautaiL, l)" u(Li',i- ua o'r
cit nhau. Qua K vi L vE hai drrdng thing chia trl gpdc ABCD thdnh 4 trt
giric nh6. Chfng minh rirrg ndu hai trl giac nh6 (kh6ng cd canh chung) mi
ngoai tidp thi tf gi6c ABCD cung ngoai tidp.
L.
- Chirng minh : * Ky hi6u nhrr hinh 4. Ta
x6t hai tnJdnghop :
a) Hai fi $ecAMOQ vdONCP ngo4i ti6p :
Khi dd theo dinh $ 1, ta cd :

[ax*oL=AL+oK
loK+cL:oL+cK
(Xan tidp trang bla 1)

chia cho 4 du 2 ndn

rar

2^x2

kh6ng chia hdt cho 4.

DAtr = 2l + 1. Tt dd :
2(2t + l)z a 41rz + 4k : 1998
<=1812 + 8l + 4h2 + 4tt : 1996

Suy

16.

+ 1) + 4k(k + 1) : 1990
DC thdy v6 trrii chia hdt cho 8 md 1996
kh6ng chia hdt cho 8. VO li. Vay khdng t6n tai
r, y nguy6n sao cho Zr.2 +y2: 1999
<="r81(l

Bni Tf /219. Ching ntinh rang ndu n lit

so

n:_l
tt! nhidn th6a ntan
3 lit ticlt cila lmi sd tu
nhin Lin tidp tli n ld tdng binh ph.uong cil.a
hq.i s6 nguyAn

lin tidp

n2-l :
---'
Ldi giai : GiA st
u- a(.a t l)
n2:3a2 *3n* I - 4n):l?tt2*L?-rt*4 4n2 -l =3(2a +L)2
(2n -t)(2n + 1) =
:3(2a + i)2. Vi 2n -l vi,2n + 1 le hai sd ld
liOn tiSp n6n chring nguyOn td cirng nhau
Vdy ta ccj hai khA nang

lzn-t=3nrl
l.
.

l2n-l=nr2
l.(2)
12"+1:3pl
l2n+1=p:
Ndu x6y ra (1) thip2 : 3nt2 * 2 di6u niy v6
(1) hoac

li vi mdt s6 chinh phtrong chia 3 dtt 0 hoac 1. IJo

dci chi crf thd xiry ra (2). Ttl (2) ta cd nr Ii sd ld.

Gii sir nt:2k +1. .- 2n:4k2*4k+2 n = 2k2 +Zk + I : h2 + (a + 1)1.

Nhln x6t : a) Cac ban sau diy cci ldi giAi

t6t : Vu Trung Bcizg (QuJ'nh Hoa, Quj,nh Phu

Th6i Binh) Nguydru Thu Hit, (TP Hd Chi Minh)
NgO Anlt Qudn 8A Be Van Ddn, VZ Tlrunlt
Hilng 9T D6ng Anh FIn N6i, Br)i Dang Quang
9A Tarn T)?n, Duong Ngoc Son 8 Toan Ninh
Binh, LdNgocAnh 8T Nang khidu Thanh Hcia,
Nguydn Anh Ti 9T Nghia TAn Hn NQi, Dizh
Thd Truitng 9T Kidn Xr.Iong, Th6i Binh, Triin
Anh KiAn 8T Bim Son, Thanh l{cia.
b) Cci ba ban cci ldi giei sai khi chfng rninh
rang z chi cri thd le 13.
c) Cric ban crj thd chtlng rninh drtoc rang :
Ccj v6 s6 sd nguyen

dtiong ,ru Ll r)

fu

tich cta hai sd li6n tiep. Cu the dci la cdc s6

luit sau
e,,= l, nl = 13,o,, , )= lh,,+l-ott.
Ching han o, : 181 : 92 a 192

hang ctra day (o,,) cho bdi quy

a2

-l : 10920:
J

sao

clto Zx2

{-6e8
*" :

104. 105

1999 ?

Toi

sao

Ldi gi6i : Ta cci ?,ttzldchin cdn 199916 n6n

n6u?.x2 * y2 : 1999 thiy2 16. Suy td! : 2k + l.
(k Z). Do dri 2e'2 + 4kz + 4h = 1998. Vi 1998
4

'I'I

IIIY

BAi T3/219. Gidi hi phuorlg trinh

.

* y2 =

co cac ban :
Nguj,6n Viet Cuirng, gCT, THCS Nang
khidu Thrii Nguy6n, B6c Thai, Nguydn Thu
Hang,9NK B6c Ninh, Hd Bdc, Nguydn Manlt
Thang,9CT, Chuy6n cdp trI Phir Tho, Vinh
Phu, Ngaydn Hir Duy, 9T Chuy6n VT Ph[
Xuy6n, D6 Anh Tudn,9 Chuy6n VT Thuong
Tin, Hi Tdy, Phont Anlt Titng,8? PTNK Hei
Dttong. I{Ai Httng, Nguydn Hir Minlt, 84,
Hdng Bing, HAi Phdng, Phq.nt Tudn Anh.6A
Ltrong Thd Vinh, Nguydn Viet IIdi, SCT Ngo
Si Li6n, Nguydn Anh Ti, 9CT Nghia Tan.
Nguydn Qudc Tudn,9A, THCS GiAng V0. Ngo
Anh Qudn, Dito Phtong Bac, Ddo Phtong
Nonr 8A Bd Van Din, Vzl Thanh Hitng.9T
Chu-v6n Dong Anh, Ha NOi, Mai Ngoc Khtong,
6T, Plrunr Dinh Qudc Htng. 77, Hal Tltanh
Tudn. Vu Triin Cuorug, Trd.n Minh Toan.
Phant Nggc Hung 8"1 , Trri.n Ngqc An.lt, D6
Qudc Bdo,9T, Trdn Dang Ninh, Nam Dinh,
Nanr Hd, Nguydn Thdi Son,9T, NK Nga Son.
Trdn Httu C6ng,8T NK Bim Son, Trinh Anh
Minh 9C, THCS Nang khidu Thanh Hoa,
Ngtt.ydn Thri,i Bdo,8A PTTH cap 2 Di6n Xuin.
Di6n ChAu, Nghq An, Trb.n Thi Thily, Nguydrt
Mj, Hanh, Nguy\n Dic Xudn Binh, gT NK He
Tinh, Nguydn Qu6c Tutin, Trudng Dao Du.y
Tr), QuAng B\nh, Mai Xt 0n Hiiit .9A, D6ng Da,
Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh, Nguydn Minh Qudn. ST
Chuy6n Nghia Hinh, QuAng Ngai, Trdn Tudn
Anh,8T LO Quy DOn, Nha Trang, Khdnh Hda.
Phan Tlzi Thu Hang,9T tnlong Bdi duong GD
Bi6n Hda, Ddng Nai, Nguydn Tudn Anlt,9T
Chuy6n Phan Chu Trinh, BuOn M Thu6t, Dac
Lec, Doirn Ngoc Minh, 8CT. Hi6p Thdnh. Thir
Ddu M6t, SOng 86, VO Quang Tciru Tho. 9A
Trdc,ng COng Dinh, Phanr Minlt Hitng, 9T
Nguy6n Du, Gb Vap, TP Hd Chi Minh,

VII KIM

Bai rztzte. c6 tbn?ii;;tffi,}i):,,

nguyn x, y

Nhin x6t :
Giai tdt bii niy

8l
l'u
*y'
*xy
-Bx -4y +4 = 0
lrt

(1)
(2)

Liri giai : Theo Triln Dic Soa, 8, Chuy6n

Ba Ddn, Quing Trach, QuAng Binh, Triia
Tudn Anh, 8T, L0 Quy DOn, Nha Trang,
Khrinh Hoa.

Gie srl hO phriong trinh cci nghiQm. Ta thdy

(2) tuong drrong vdi :
r.2

0 - 3)r + U -2)2 = o

Dd phuong trinh ndy cti nghi6m dtli vdi

phAi c<i

t=(!

3)2-4b/-2)2>O

(y-lXBy-7)<0
td dd suy ra 1 <y <;
hay

r ta

(3)

M4t khric phrrong trinh (2) ctng tudng

drrong vdi

yz +@ -4)y +x2 -Br *4 = o

Dd phuong trinh ndy cd nghiQm ddi vdiy ta
phAi cri :
a = (r - q2 - 41xz -3r +4) > 0.

h"y
x(A-4)<0
trlddsuyra0<r=f
Tt

(3) va (4) ta cd

@)

256 49 697 698

x*+y' = sl * g-= g1 < g1

khOng th6a mdn (1). Vay hO phuong trinh

dd cho vO nghim.
NhQn x6t : Tdt cA cdc ban gtti ldi giAi d6u

giAi dring. Cdc ban sau d6y cd ldi giAi t6t :

NguydnThu Thtly, Nguydn Thu Hdng,9T, NK
B6c Ninh ;Vfi Xudn Vinh,9,.NKYGn Phong,
Hd Bic ; Phq.rn Hod,ng Anh, 9, Chuy6n V-T
Thudng Tin, Hi Tdy. Bi^ri Dang Quang,9A,
Chny6n Tam DAo ; Hd. Thanh Hitttg, 9T,
Chuy6n Phri Tho, Vinh Phri. LA Ho?tng Anh,
9A,, Gi6ng V6, Ba Dinh, Ngzydn Lan Anh,9A,
TrungNhi, Vu Thanh Hilng,9T, Chuy6n D0ng
Anh ; Ds.ng Minh Thang, gCL, lU M0, Gia
Ldm, Nguydn Anh Til, Hb Xud.n Hilng, gCT,
Tr) Li6m ; Phqnt Quang Vinh, 9A ; Dito
Phuong Bd.c, Din Phuong Nann, 8An Bd Van
Dhn, Hi Ndi. Do&n Manh Hd,gA\ Ti6n Ldng;
Doim Anh Tud,n, Ki6n Thuy ; Cao Xudn Hba,
Dd,o Trd,n Minh, Le Hd Phuong,9A,, Hdng
Bdng, HAi Phbng. Vu Trung Bd,ng,- Qujnh
Hoa, Qulnh Phg ;Nguydn Kim Cuorug, Trinh
Thd Thuitng, Phan Thanh Nhir.n, 9T, Triln
Van Hit 7T, NK Kidn.Xrrong, Th6i Binh.
Nguydn Hu.y V{t ,SCT, NK Nho Quan ; Nguydn
Son Hit,98, NK Y6n M6, Dinh Philc COng,
Nguydn Van Thitnh, 9T, NK Gia Vi6n, Phq.m
Tudn Kha,nh, Nguydn Thanh Son, D6 Thi
Thanh Huong,9, NK Kim Son, Ninh Binh.
Nguydn Nguyn Ngsc 8, Chuydn D6ng $on,
Nguydn Van Quang, 9T, Lam Sdn; Cao Thi
Loaru,9T, NK Nga Son, Thanh H<ia ; Vo Si
Nam 9CT, NK Drlc Tho, Nguydn Mai Phuong,
Trh.n Thi Thiy, Nguydn My Hanh, Nguydn
Quang Trung,9CT, NK Hd Tinh.

rd

NcuyEN

Bai T4i219. Clw tarn gioa cil.n ABC (AB = AC).

Ggi M, N ld.n luot lir trung didm cfia AB, AC.
Ldy didm.I ffAn MN sao cho IM : IN = 7 : 2.
Gqi O ld, td.m duitng trbn ngoai tidp tam gid.c.

Chilng minh IO uuOng gdc udi BN

Ldi gi6i : (dga theo

Xuin Sinh - 9 Todn

Cao

Nga Li6n - Nga Son Thanh H<ia).

Gqi G ld trong t6m
MBC, trong LMNC taco:

IM1

*:

rBt)

GM1 (tinh
GC=,

chdt trgng

tdmtrongtamgi6c)

IM

GM

Vaym = GC, vi. do d6IG llNC. Hon nfta

OA = OC; NA = NC n6n LOAC c6n vd trung

tuy6n ON cong lh dudng cao, hay ON r AC, do
dd ON r /G (1). MAt khac LABC cAn dinh A
n6,n q G nam tr6n dttbngcao qua Ao n6n OG t BC,
md MN I I BC (vi MN li drrdng trung binh trong
LABC) n6n OG L IN (2). Kdt hgp (2) vdi (1),
ta c6 O li trgc tAm A,IGN, suy ra IO r BN.
Nhfln x6t. Cd 136 bai giAi, d6u giAi dring.
Cd bdi dtrng din tfch, cd bii dirng vecto dd giai,
thudng chrra ng6n ggn. Ldi giei tftt g6m cci :
Cao Xud.n Sinh (9 - Torin - Nga Li6n - Nga
Son - Thanh H6a), Tiau Cilng Thd.ng (Neng
Khi6u - Bim Son - Thanh H6a), Dod.n Manh
Hd (94 - Ti6n LEng - HAi Phdng), Biti Dang
Quang (Chuy6n Tam DAo - Vinh Phn), D6
Minh Chi.u (9T, chuy6n Ddng Anh, Ha NQi),
D6 Huy Dung (9B - ThiQu VAn -.Dong Son Thanh H6a), Trdn Thanh Td.m. (8t Ddng Mi QuAng Binh), D6 Qudc Bd.o (9T Trdn DEng
Ninh - Nam Dlnh - Nam Hii, Ngryyn Ngqc
Manh (98 * Chuy6n Van - Torin - Ung Hba Hi Tdy), Nguydn Son Hir (98 Nang khidu Y6n MO - Ninh Binh),Ngzydz Thanh N ln (8 Todn
- Phan Chu Tlinh - Bu6n MO Thu6t - Dek - Lek),
Din Phuong Bd.c (8A - BdVen Ddn - He NOil,
Phqm Tudn Khanh (9 Nang khi6u - Bim Son Thanh H6a), Nguydn, Thi Mi Hod,ng (9 todrn - LO
Khi6t - QuAng Ngii), Phsm Hoitng Anh (9
chuy6n Van - Torln - Thudng Tin - Hd TAy),
Plwn Thi Thu Hang (9 Torin - BDGD Bi6n Hba
- Ddng Nai), ?rdz l{dng Quang (9 Torin Chuy6n B5c Giang- He B6c).
oANc vrEN
Bed T5/219. Cho tam gid.c nhsn ABC, tnlc
tdm. H. Chilng m.inh rd.ng

HA+HB +HC

Ldi giai : Do
tam giricABC nhgn
n6n .E[ nim d b6n
trong tam gjilc dd.
T') H ke HM ll AC;

HNIIAB(MCAZ;

N E AC). TA C6
trong LAMH:
HA<AM+MH,

<?r*

+BC +CA).

li

Hon nta, AMIIN

At[

hinhbinhhdnh n6nMlf = AN,

Do dd, vdi m6i

DoHIeqIc tanAHN Il,4B ;

HM ll AC n6n cric tam $an BHM, CIIN vu6ng t4i
H,vd.tau5,
do dd.tdA <

+ AbI (1).

HB<BM;HC<CN

W.t+!rn-r)+?p;.

.*}tr.*rti-

(2).

Kdt hgp (2) vdi (1), ta cd :

+ HB + HC < AB + AC.

HA

tuong

tU,

MQt 'c6lch
eflng c6 :

ta

HA+HB+HC<BC+BA
vdHA+HB+HC<CA+CB
YQy

n > 4 ta d6u cri :

Dqa vdo (1) ve dga

vDro

e)

bdt ding thrtc

Bunhiac6pxki ta s drrgc :

3(HA+HB+Hq < Z(AB+BC+CA) hay

31
a\'-=1-\'-

ftr'W-t

HA+HB +HC <xr* +BC +CA).

Nh4n x6t: Ccf 83 b4n giai bai niry, tdt ci
dfng. C6c b4n sau ddy c<i ldi giAi tdt :
Trhn Tud.n Anh (8 To6n - Le Quj D6n - Nha
Trang), Ng6 Anh Qudn (8A86Vin Din - Hi
NQi), Phqm Minh (9 To6n - Nguy6n Du - Gd
Vdp - TP Hd Chi Minh), Dodn Ngsc Minh (8D
- HiCp Thnnh - Tht Ddu MOt - S6ng 86),
Nguydn Trung Hidu (9 To6n - PTCS NEng
khidu - Ki.dn Xtrong - Thdi Binh), LA Ldm (9
Todn - Chuydn CII Phf Ths - Vinh Phri), Ld
Ngqc Anh (b Toan - Nang khi6u Bim Son Thanh H6a), Mai Titng Son (9T - Trung hoc
N6ng khidu Hn Tinh), Nguydn Hbng Anh

31
kzr'r[4;

d6u gi6i

(1oA

- DHSP Ha Noi

=1*z

BAi
nhu sau:

xa.c

:;

dinh bdi un

L)

cia n6 hhan khOng.

Ldi giii. Tt cSch x6cdlnh

an) 0, vn > !

vit af,

>(

tt

a*=

/1
- t,

a,}

vk>-2

Tt

;W.

il.,rtq;*

<

-?) + F4* Sf .eZ

:

4
1.
"1R41
s (t -;) . o.5*2o112(n-2)+
59 1
r' 35 -1 'n';,vn
24
0)
54n' I

r,,,#(t-*)
2

*u43@ - zp

(2), (3), (4), (5) ta duoc

Tn (1) va (6) suy ra

\v4L .#-,)'>

27!
(5)

1o'lr. en
Vn>4(6)

cdng thtic x6c dinh dey { or}

1'
,r"t*r)'vk

' '*

a-4t35159
+r,12(n

(1).

6a*
* W. ( {4;*#-,).=
2-4241
= ilai-r * i *

dd tAay

l-off *3)',

W>ir"-t),vn>2

MAt khec,
ta lai cd :

day {

' r* e lr1*zy
27 59
<l+n=n

hii tu uit. gidi han

W, 1f"{; +!,vo ) 2+

Yn > 2.suy ra
^l

27!

thtlc a sao cho dd.y {un}

(n >

G)

lan
afi

tar

t =r*$--L.
.$
o?*f,-t - o?s('r1'qlf

al= l,an+t= orr+Lr-(n > l)

cd. cd.c s6

.r + |riz@:tr

*)

tar',[Q] pa31'rlffl12
eA 1
e n
"**u?r-=*<1+8= 8

r).

oANc vrEN
T6/219. Ddy s6 {an} duoc xdc dinh

Tim tdt

(n-21 (z-

(+ I
Bb* 1 b91\ 4
s+n
st'82';l= B
n*a) ^12(n-2)*
an4
4

=limf g+

4/3

d,,

n6n tr) (7) suy ra

li

mQt giri

lim n = g . Nhrr

n+@

vfly a

tr! cdn tim.

'l

,orrI1o, = *

oo

suy ra tr} (1)) n6n

c [+* oau or

timai-l

n+a

.l

l0 ndu o
t

K6t hsp

=+ ;-:

"6i*

Ap dUng c6ng thrlc ndy ldn lrrgt cho

2,3, 4,5, 6 ta thu dugc
d = n(n * l)(Zn + l)
o2
---G--

4
3

So: n(n + L)(Zn + t)(3n2 + 3z *

'E
suy ra

Su -:

aff l+* nau *'t

llm- = {

,'l*"

lo

"* ".1

V4y a =
*,u giri tr! duy nhdt dd day { 2,,}
hQi tU vd gi6i h4n cria n<i khric khdng.
Nhin x6t : 1. C<i 8 ban ggi ldi giAi cho bni
to6n. Trong s6 d<i chi cri c5c b4n : NgO Dtlc Duy
(lzCT THPT Trdn Phri - HAi Phdng),Nguydn
Vu Hung (12D Chuy6n Ngt DHQG Hn NQi) va
La Anh Vfi (72CT Qudc hoc HUO cd ldi giei
dring. B4n V[ cho ldi giai kh6 phric tap ; b4n
Hungph6i dingt6i c6c kidn thfc vudt ra ngoii
ehrtong trinh THPT dd giAi bii to6n.

2.84n Ng6 Dftc Duy d5 d6 xudt vn giAi tdt

Biti tod.n hhd.i qu6.t sau : "Cho sd thUc duang a
ud sd thqtc amb. Cho day sd { a,,} duoc xd,c dinh
bdi ao = a, an + | = au + alnYn > O. Tim, tdt cd
cd,c s6 thec a sao cho ddry {ur} duoc xdr dinh
aft
bdi un =
h,hdc

,Yn > I

hQi tA uit. gi6i hqn crta n6

hhdng'. (D6p s6 : a =

b).
NcuyEN rHic urNH
1

B,in T7l2lg. Cho n, p lit. s6 t4 nhiei ud

3p = nz * n. Tim gid. tri crta

nnn

7>k6
.$=

k:r

t2nu

+5@ +

\>h4 +p2k2
k=r

*b@

k=1

-\>k4 -nlnz

k=r
k=r
k=r
La,i giei: (crlaban Trd,nNguyAnNgpc 118 DHTH Hi NQi vn Trd.n Nam DrZzg 10CT Phan
BQi Ch6u, NghQ

An)

Ki hieu S; = 1' +2i + ... +ni

=Zki
k=l

Tacd(r+l;i+r-i+t-

=cl+ri *C?*ti-r
Ldn ltrgt thay
ta thu duge

+... + Q*rr+!.
= L,2,3, .,., tu rdi cQng lCi

(z+1)'+l-l=
= cl+rsi+C?*rs;-r +... +Q*rs, *z

7Su-

19fJ)

1,

1)

n(n + L)(2n + 1)[3n2 (n + 1)2

- (\nz + 3z - l)J

M4t khricP =

ao a,;

- 9p + 1)

Sr(2702

- 1)
5(P - r)S+ = Sz @ - l)(eP - 1)
5(p + 1)S+ = 9z @ + 1)(9p

vay
srl27n2 -9p +L +9p2 +8p - 1 *pl
srl27r2 - 9p + t - 9oz + 1op - | - p)

s-

g6D2
_

l8p'--4

_t)

Nh4n x6t : Ngoii hai b4n Nggc vd Dtng ra

ldi giai t6t: Phan Anh Huy
11A Lc Quy D6n, Thd.i Minh Hod.ng 12T Vinh
Long, La Vd.n Manh 12CT Hda Blnh, Nguydn
Xud.n Tuong 11A Yinh, Nguydn Anh Hoa IOA
c6c b4n sau crlng cd

Nam Hi, Nguydn Anh RiQt 11T, Phri YOn.

Nhi6u ban cho d6p s6 sai.

DANG HUNG THANG

* z = 7,
Cho x, !, z 2 0, x

Bni T8/219.
z N. Hd.y tim gid, tri l6n

ty

nhd.t cila bidu thrlc

P=*y*jPz**x.

Liri giai : (cria Nguy6n Hdng Minh,

Nguy6n Quang HAi, Ph4m Quang Hrlng,

LZCT, Hirng Vuong, Vinh Phri)
1)Vdin=OthiP= x*y*z = 1.Vay

maxP=

2)VAin = 1 thi P = x! * yz * zx :

1^1
=E(r+y+z)t-,
11
Vfly maxP =; khi x, = ! :,
3) X6t

n>

L. Kh6ng

i.

gi6m tdng qu6t, cd thd

coi.r = max {r, y, z}.

(+)Doy <rn6n}r z<{-tyz.

Do z ( r n6n * x < z* vd,* x < zz {

-r.
o 1,*O^,
(+) M4t khr4c, vl n > !116r, n-l
z

-A-z> z'
VAyP-f!*jlz+*x<

1l
<*y+{-'yr+i*x*i*"*
.
z* z2*-r
< { y +*-'y, +i *--:

=tt-t1x+21(:,+i;
I

Nhfn x6t : 10) Rdt dOng, c6 tdi 274 b4n

tham gia giai bai to6n tr6n vi hdu hdt cho ldi

giAi dring.
2") Drlng tidc cflng cbn mQt s6 b4n gif,i chrla

<t''-t1x+21 Q**4=
n-l
-r. r r rlz
:on.L;.;...;.

thia

".\t*

"

tarn giSc phAi ddu ! !)

3(,) Cd khri d6ng cric ban d cric trrrdng PTCS
c0ng tham gia giAi bii to6n tr6n. 40) M6t s6
ban di bidt d6 xu6t vd giai bai to6n tdng qu6t
hon (thay tam giric bang da giric ngoai tidp
dttoc m6t drrdng trdn) hoac bii to6n tudng tu
trong kh6ng gian (thay tam giric bing tri diQn
hoac hinh chrip. hinh da diQn ngoai tidp duoc
mdt hinh cdu). C6c ban sau dAy cci ldi giAi tdt :
Nguydn Quang IIdi lzc"l chuy6n Hung Vtrong
\tnh Phd ;Vu Qudc Hilng 12T 1,6 Khi5t, QuAng
Ngdi, Dd Xud.n Trong, D6 Ngoc Anh lOA, Ld
Hdng Phong, Nam H.d, Pha,n Quang Hung 724
PTTH chuy6n Fltrng Vrrong. Vinh Phri.

,r+l

s6

(n-l\-x + r*z + y+ n-l

,"I nn - n+ a n
= ntl

trgn vgn, khOng chi ra duoc gi6 tri nh6 nhdt

cliua q, thAm chi c<i gdn rnddi ban giAi sai hoin
toin do 6p dgng BDT khOng dfng (kdt ludn

,))

(x+y+z)tr+1

rltl

(n+l)r'+l

(/z+1)'t+l

ri

NGI-IY[,N DANG PI{AT

Nguydn L Lttc 10CT, DHTH thdnh phd

HCM, Trd.n Nguyin Ngoc 1lCT, DHQGHN,
Nguydn Vn Hung lzD, chuy6n ngt,
DHQGHN, La Anh V{r., l2Cl, Qudc hoc Hud,

An,llCT Phan Bdi Chau, NghQ An, ,Ld

Thd Son, Trinh Hitu Trung, Nguydn Ngpc

BAi T10/219. Goi S lir dientichtodn phdn cila

n&t ti diQn gdn dbu AISCD c6 d0 diti cac canh :
BC = DA : a, CA : DB : b uit.AB : DC = c.
Chung ntinh bdt d&ng thuc sau ddy :

1119

LAVan

Hung, 11T Lam Son, Thanh

H:,

NGtIYIrN VnN MAil

Bei T9/2f 9. Tint

didnr M sao cho q

tgnl giag ABC m.Qt

BC + CA+ AB
dOt Sia
tr^orug

- Mt

ME

tri nhd nhd,t, trong d6 MA', MB'

*",

uit MC' ld,n

luot ld khod.ng cach til M ddru cac cqnh BC, CA
uir. AB cfia tam giac.
Ldi gi6i. (cria nhi6u ban). Dat :
BC = A, CA = b, AB = C, vd, ; MA' = X, MB' = !,
MC'= z.Thd thi dai luongq cci dang:

abc
o:-+-+'xyz

25=ax*by*cz

Do dci ta drrgc

- (ox+bv+cz)(!+l
\.f .y+9\
z.t

-a2+bz+c2+

,\/
x.
,r. v.
1f-\z, fca i.z-*--\
* ab t -t \
\z .yl \r zl
\y .r/
-, oz q62\"2i2(bc-rca*ob
=h*b *c),hayla:

khi nito ?
Ldi gini. vi rfr di6n ABCD ln gdn d6u, n6n
c6c nrdt la nhrrng tam giAc bang nhau
Dd.tt biing xdy ro

AAAA
BCD = ADC : DAB : CBA. Gqi s ld di6n tich
cira m5i mAt, ,R Id brin kinh dudng trdn ngo4i

tidp mdi m4t vd do dci, 4s = S =

#; thd thi
BDT (*) cdn chrlng minh trrong drrong vdi BDT
sau dAy

bc /

2Sq > 4p2, trong d,o : 2p = a

*b*

vay:

abc2o22o
-+-+-=O>--!-:1.
x .y z ' 5, r'

tronS dd

r li

bdn kinh dtidng trbn n6i ti6p tam gi6c.

Ddu ding thrl-c xAy ra khi vi chi khi r = ! = z,
trlc la khi vn chi khi M tring vdi tdm.I dtrdng
trbn nQi tiSp tam gi6c :

g = min

=2!r

o11,1

:7.

<

gB2

(1)
;
Goi O ln tdm dudng trbn ngo4i ti6p tam giric
a2 +b2 + c2

ABC,tac6: +

N6u gqi S ln di6n tich tam gl6c ABC, ta c6

ZSq

blc2 c)a2 o:b) gl

a2+b2+c2-A0+CAZ+ARZ:

-e1 i1dA;qr*gA

= (dc
-d,q)z =
+
+
6Rr
OC.OA
OA.OB)
=
=
-Z(OB.OC

=9R2-(iA+oE+dcfaspz

Dau dins thrlc dat drroc khi va chi khi

OA + OB * OC = 0, nghia lA O trtng v6i trong

tAm G ctra tam gracABC, vd do dd, ABC li rndt
tanr giric ddu va ABCD ld mQt ti didn dbu.
NhQn x6t : 10) Cd 114 b4n tham gia giAi
bdi torin tr6n, hdu hdt d6u cho ldi giAi dung.
Dring tidc, cri m6t ban giAi sai (cho rnng kh6ng
tdn tai mQt trl di6n nio th6a m6n BDT (*) ! | !),
vi cring cbn m6t vii ban kh6ng chi ra drroc khi
ndo thi xAy ra dang thrlc.
2") 56 cho ldi giei bii torin tr6n ddy bingcdch
stt dgng vdctd kh6ng nhi6u, da s6 c6c ban ddu sit
dung dinh ly hdrn sin vir chuydn BDT ( 1 ) v6 dang
BDT lrrgng giSc sau diy trong tam gi6c :

it

(l)

<=sin2A + sin2B

+sin2c <

; rzi

tuy khdng srl dung

v6ctd, nhung bidt van dung c6ng thtlc L6pnit :
MAz + MB2 + MCz : GAz + GBz + GC2 +
30) Cung cri mOt s6 ban,

^1
+ \MGz, (YM) =

+ \MC? ; (3)
+
+
5 t"2 bz c21
Cho M : O, thi drroc hQ thrlc :
gRZ = a2 +b2 + c2 + gocz >- o2 I 62 q rz
40) Cric b4n sau ddy.cci ldi giai

t6t: Phqm

Yhn Khd.nh 11T, PTNK HAi Hrrng ; Trd.n

Mq..th Titng, ll, Nguydn Quang Hdi, l?CT
PTTT{ chuy6n Hing Vtrong, Vinh Pht, Nguydn
Hbng Chung ll, Hb Si Hidn 12T Phan BQi
Chau, NghQ An ; Nguydn Ngqc Linh 10T Dlo
Duy Tri, QuAng Binh, Ld Duy Din 10T Lam
Son, Thanh H6a, La Anh Vu 12T, Qu6c hoc
Httd, Nguydn Anh KiQt, 11T Lrrong Van Ch6nh,
Phri Y6n ; Le Thdi Nhdn vdThd.i Minh Hod.ng,
I 2r,, chuY.n Nguv6n

BiniL%lzlg. Cho m1t m.qch diQn nhu hinh

Ngubn din c6 sudt di1n dQng E, diQn trd
trong r = 813{2, cat diQn trd R, = 691, Rt = 72f2 ;
am.pe kd, dd.y ru6i ud. cac kh6a K p Krc6 diQn trd
hhong dd,ng h,d ; diQru trd cd.c uin h{rd.t ldn. Khi
kh6a Krngdt, $rd6ng uir. con chay C d dd.u N
thi am.pe kd chi 0,5A.
. Khi Ktyd Krdbu d6ng, con chay C d trong
ua.

doqn MN saa cdo hai uOn kdc6 sd chi nhu nhau

ud.

ampe hd chi 0,41A Qd.y 0,41 = 9122).

Tim. su6.t din dQng E crta ngubn uit. diQn

trd Rocfia uQt dd.n MN.

",J:"fr,::^Hl_"#-

BAi Lll219 . MQt con tac don chibu diti t =

duac treo uda tri3.n.itO dang chuydn dQng
lAn ddc (g6c nghiAng a : _3Oo). Hay xdc dinlt
gia t6c a crta 6fi uit. chu hi dao dQttg bd T ctra
con ld.c, bidt rd.ng ui tri cd.n bang cila con ld,c
lch udi phuong th&ng ding (ub phia trudc xe)
O,4m,

mQtgdcF= 10".
LdYg=9,8ntlsl.

Hu6ng d6n gini. Con l6c chiu t6c dung cria 2

Irtc. Trong lgc PvA lrrc cang-fl.Ap dung dinh lu4t
tr Niuton oti= F + f vai a'u phuong song song
vdri m4t ph&ng nghi6ng. Ap dlrng dinh U hem s6
sin

P
n1,a
= 90o+(a -p) = 110o.
* : ::^avdiy
Sln)'
SlnP

Thav sd nit ra
o =1181 m/s2 {chri y
li : a hudng v6 phia

Hu6ng din gini. Khi Kl nght, Krdcing vi

trd m6c : (R, nt Ro) ll Rt; vdi

C d N, c5c diQn

I = o,uAnit rar:
Ifti Kl vdK, ddng, mach diQn c<i d4ng mach
cdu : Rr* = R2; d4t RMC = Rx, RcN = Rv. Vi hai

ffit.r,

vdn kdcd cirng s6 chi n6n Uvu : 0 -mhch cdn

cdn bang rut raR, = 2R*(chr1 y : R"*R, = fin).

=,2Ir.Bi6tI*11, = I = 0,41 = 9122,

rft raZ*: i (A). Ap dungdinh lu{t 0m:
vir Uu. = /*(R, +.8*), rft ra
Uo,

Tt

dd Ix

i.r*;d|
-:TT-

(2).

Tt

(1) va (2) suyraR4 = 36Q

dudi). Trrong tg rrit ra

(lo4i nghiem R4

r=z'#

Nh4n x6t. Cic em cci ldi giei dring vd gon :

Nguydn Trgng Nguyan 10A2 La Quy DOn, Dn
Ning ; Nguydn Thanh Long,10L, PTTH Dio
Duy Ti, Ddng Hdi ; L!, Minh Hidu, lOAr, Bie
Kidn Xtrong, Th6i Binh ; Nguydn MQU Phrl
Liam., 11T, chuy6n LO Khidt, QuAng Ngei ;
T hdi Minh Tri, llT r,TH chuy6n Nguy6n Binh
Khi6m, Vinh Longl ; Nguydn Dinh Thinh,
1lCL, PTTH Phan B6i ChAu, Vinh, Ngh6 An ;
Vu Duy Hdi, llCL LO H6ng Phong, Nam
Dinh ; Nguydn Tud,n,11A, PTTH Ddng Thgy
Anh, Thrii Binh, Bzl Thanh Tdn,l2A1, PTTH
ChAu Thdnh, Be Ria, Vrlng "tdu, LA Xud.n
Quybn,l14 PTTH HoingH<ia 1, Thanh Hda;
Dinh Ngqc Nhd.n,1lCL, PTTH Ddo Duy Tr),
QuAng Binh, Phg.m Quang Hung,12A, PTTH
chuy6n Hing Vdong, Vinh Phri ; Nguydn
Trqng Trd.n Hita, 10 Li C, Qu6ng Binh.

*t

o': oosin(90,' - a) = 9m/s;tr)dciT=1,32s.

D
siny
NhQn x6t. Cdc em cd ldi giai dring vi gon :
Nguydn Hbng Minlt, 12A, PTTH ehuyOn Hirng

Vtrong Vinh Phri ; Nguy4ru Vtr Hung, tZD

chuy6n ngoai ngu, DHSPNN Hd N6i ; ft7
Minh Hdi,lzCT, PTTII BuOn Ma Thudt, Dak
Lak; Le Thanh Tdnt, IZCL, THCB LC Quy
Ddn, Ha D6ng, HA TAy ; Truong Minh Dtc,
10F Lam Son, Thanh }{tia ; Nguydn Quang
Trudng, llCL PTTH chuyOn Phan BQi Chdu,
Ngh6 An ; Pham Thanh Thd llCL, Ddo Duy
TrI, D6ng H6i, QuAng Binh ; Luong Vd.n Hd.i,
12A, chuyEn B4c Li6u, *t"n **.o.

= -#

",

vd

E=

6V.

M.A.

BAi T8/223

RA Ki xAy

Chrlng minh

rlng

Ncuy6N o6c rAN

(TP Hb Cht Minh)

Blt

T21223: Chrlng minh ring ndu cho

tnl6c sd nguy6n t6 p vdip > 5 thi c<i mQt s6 tg
nhi6n r kh6ng ddi v6i 2 < r < p - 2 sao cho
trongt6phopoicsddangll...l * r(n = 1,2,....)
khdng cd sd ndo chia hdt
"tor.
NcuyEtt uOu nANc
(NghQ

stnz
,
t.c

* (1-Til'

l* Zt*U *. ..*,

rO xuAN uAr
(Hdi Hung)

B,diT4l223: Cho tam gi6c nhgn ABC_ Goi

.I, O theo thf tu ld tim c6c drrdngtrbn n6i ti6p,

tggoai tidptam g76cABC. Tia CIcAt dudngtrdn

(O) tqi didm thrl hai .I( sao cho tK = Ok. Hq

BE vd, goi Fli trung didm
ctra AB. Chfng minh tam gp6c DEF la d6u.

vO HOU ninn

Zr*",nh4n

mOt gi6

oudc UAN
Nshe An)

B,inTrcD?3: Cho trl diOn trVctdmABCD

cd trlrc tdm ld H. Cdc dudng eao AAo, BBo,
CCo, DDok6o dii c6t m4t cdu ngo4i ti6p tai enc
didm tuong tl.ng A', B', C', D'. Chrlng minh
ring ndu AA' = BrB' = CoC' = D;D' thi ti
di6nABCD ld d6u.
rRAN

ouy

HrNH

(Btnh Dlnh)

cAc oii vfir

li

BdiLll223: Cho n diQn trO Rp R2, . . . , R,

m6c song song. Tinh :
1) DiQn trd tuong dtrong theo .R,. Bi6t :
Rl zHz 8Bt
(n-l)Rr_r' nRn
2R2= 3n3 =

Wo="' --nE-:

fa=d+bn+{
)b=bn+{+il
lc +il +d +e
ld=il*an*V
I

nl

Blinl-Zl?zil: MQt mol khl ll tudng thlrc hi6n

chu trlnh L - 2 - 3 - 1 nhu hidf, vi, niat
Tt= 300K,Tt= 675K,Vz = 5llt. Cac didm 1
vd 3 ctrng d tr6n parabol qua g6c tga d0. Tinh
c6ng sinh ra trong cA chu trlnh.
v
v3

ringo = c vi b = d.
NcuyEN lE oONc
(TP Hb Cht Minh)

Bfim D23: Cho x, y, z > 0. Chrlng minh rtng:

Ltuyz(r+y+z)

<3w

NGUYEN vAN HQc

@amHA)

10

i
I
t

NOUYEN CKONG MY
(Hd Ttnh)

sd trr

!.

tr! khdng ddi.

r-E

cAc r,6p THCB

vi

i
I

i=l

- 2) Sddin trd cdn mdcsongsongdd dugc diQn

trd tuongduongnh6 hon diQn-trd thll z le B ldn ?

(Hd Nai)

Bli T6/223: Cho Mn s6 a, b, e, d

nhi6n z th6a m6n :

NcuyENeAoaNc

PHAU NGQC QUANG

B,di T51223: Cho dudng trdn (O), dny BC.

Didm A chuydn d6ng trOntudng trbn. Gqi M
li.trungdidm e:0iaAC,II li eh6n drJdng vu6ng
g:: t.ett M xu6ng dudng thingAB. fim quy
tich didm If.

'

(Hdi Hung)

cric drrdng cao AD,

(Thanh H6a)

T9/223: Cho hinh chdp ngri gi6c ddu

SALA/,{,P,'.MQt mat phing (O quay quanh
drldng cao SO eria hinh chrip, 6t cAc m{t phing
(sA1A2), GAA), (SA3A.,, (SA/J, (SA5A'
theo eic giao tuydn SMi (i : 1,2,3, 4, 5). Gqi a,
li cric gric t4o bdi SMr vdi m4t ph&ng d6y
@1A;/1{..,{s), (i : r, Z 3; 45). Chrtorgminh ring :

An)

<1,72

- sinz . sinz - sinx,

sfiur
stny

Bii

BAi T3/223: Chring minh bdt d&ng thtlc

11

-I

+N

-t'

Jt1

Le' 2)'

l-----------:-l-----------:-T-----:-l

BAi TU223: GiAi phuong trinh nghiQm nguFn

+24 +?az*
xa
+4zz * 1 = o

Chringt6

rxt
x, y, z ld ba gdc thu6c t-

, sinx - siny . siny

cAc r,6p rHCs

L,7l <

T3

NGUYEN DOc PHI

(Qrbtg Ngai)

fa = al'+bn +e
I
)b =bn +& +&

PROBLEMS IN THIS ISSUE

lc={+&+an'
lo=**antbn

For lower secondary schools

Tltzz1.Find integral solutions of the equation
,4 -y4 +24 +?.xzz2 +3x,2 +422 * 1 = 0.
TZl223. Prove that for a given prime
num-berp > 5, there exists a natural number r,
2 <'r < p - 2, such that there is no number
written in the form 11...1-* r (n = L,2, ...\
n times

which is divisible byp.

Tgl223. Prove the inequality

1 1- tl <
rtq
- L,tz.
l,7l < |* Zt*g! *...'r-t
T41223. Let be given an acute triangle
ABC ; let .I and O be respectively its incenter
and circumcenter, AD, BE be its altitudes and
F be the midpoint of AB. Suppose that the
semi-line Cf cuts the circle (O) at a second
point I( such that IK : OK. Prove that the
triangle DEF is equilateral.
T51223.1t be given a circle and its ehord BC.
A point A moves on the circle. Let M be the
midpoint ofAC and f/ be the orthogonal projection
of M on the lineAI!. Find the locus of .E[.

For upper secondary schools.

TBl223 n is a given natural number. Prove
that if four numbets a, b, c, d satisfy

theno

=c,t=d'.

T71223. Prove that

l&yz(x

y + z) <

fotxry,z>O.
T8t223. r,

33rl@

lt z are three angles i"

Prove that

sinz
sinx

.! ______-______:_
sinx - sinvf _-sinv -

+y)4O + z)4(z + x)

sinz

+-l

sinz

L?f.

lt,
sinx,

stnY

<

Tgl223. Let be given a regular pentagonal

pyramid SAi/,{,P,r. A plane rotating about
the altitude SO of the pyramid cuts the planes
(SA1A2), @Af), (514i, 1sA/5), (sAsAr)
respectively along the lines SMi {i : 1,2,3, 4,
5). Let a, be the angle formed by SM, with the
base (ArArA44) (i = L, 2, 3, 4, 5) . Prove that
5

the value of

I
i:r

tg2a,is constant.

TlOl223. Let H be the oithocenter of an

orthocentral tetrahedron ABCD. The altitudes
AAo, BBo, CCo, DDo cut the circumscribed
sphere again at A', B', C', D'. Prove that if
AA' : BF' = CoC' * DoD' thenABCDisa
regular tetrahedron.

a\an\

ffiffiffimffiffi
0

r. Md oAu
T,p hgp Vcric didm vi tdp hgp E c6c dtrdng
li6n n6t ndi cric cAp didm nio dd thu6c V tao
n6n mOt graph. M6i didm thuQc V duge ggi tt
mOt dinh, c6n m6i dudngli6n n6t thuQc"E duoc
gqi li mdt c4nh crla graph 6y.
Hai dinh crla graph dugc gqi li k6 nhau ndu
chring dtroc n6i v6i nhau bdi m6t canh.
Day ac dinh d6i mQt khric nhau u, u2t ...tun
(n > 2), md upu;a1k6 nhau Vl = I,-rz-il=f,
ctng cic c4nh ndi cr4c c{p dinh u;, u;., 1
(i = T,r,:) dtlgc ggi ln mQt xich don. u, vi
undrtgc ggi ld hai ddu mrit crla xich don 6y.
Day uie AinU aOi m6t kh6c nhau u,, u2t ...J)n
(n > 3\, mi u;, u; *, k6 nhau Vi = Tn (quy udc

I
0

[l ilr

NGUYEN VAN NGQC

(Hd Nai)

ur*rld.ur), cing c6e c4nh n6i c6c cap dinh

ui,ui+r(i =T,n) dugc ggi ld mQt chu trinh
don. 56 c4nh cria mQt chu trlnh don dugc ggi
la dO dai crla chu trinh don dy,
MQt graph, mi hai dinh bdt ki cria nrJ li hai
ddu mrit crla lt nhdt mQt xich don, dugc ggi li
graph li6n th6ng.
MQt graph li6n th6ng, mi kh6ng cd chu
trinh don, dugc gqi ld mQt c6y.
Ta ntii "graph G td dugc bing & miun ndu
dtng ft miru cri thd to dugc tdt cd citc dinh cta
G sao cho hai dinh k6 nhau cd miu kh6c nhau.
Ndu graph G tO dugc bing ft mdu nhrrng kh6ng
td drroc bingft - 1 miu thi sd k drtgc ggi li s6c
s6 crla G vn ki hiou bdig(G).
Graph c<l s6csdbing2 cdn dpgcgqilngaph
ch6n. D6 thdy, mQt cny bdt ki ld mQt graph
11

chin. Hon thd ngudi ta cdn chrlngminh duoc :

"Grapha G ld graph chin khi vd chi khi G
kh6ng c<i chu trinh don dd dai 16". Hay n<ii mQt
e6ch kh6c ; "Tinh chd.n ud tinh hhOng c6 chu
tinh don dO dili td cila mQt graph lit tuong
duong nhant". Dd la n6i dung cria Dinh lf
Kiining.
Nhu vAy, dd cd s6c s6 l6n hon 2 thi graph
phAi chrla chu trinh don dQ dai 16. Chu trinh
don dO dii 16 c<i sd dinh it nhdt (3 dinh) thudng
dugc gqi ld tam gi6c. Cd thd cd graph cri s6c s6
l6n mi kh6ng cd tam gi6c kh6ng ? Cdu h6i dd
d6 drrgc nhd torin hoc Nga Zrtkov trA ldi vio
nem 1949. Ong da chrlng minh duoc Dinh li
sau : "?bz tai graph hh\ng chta tam, gid.c c6
sdc sd l6n ti.ry j,..
(C5c b4n hoc sinh hay thtl tu tim c6ch chtlng
minh c:ic dinh lf n6u trdn !).
Didm qua d6i n6t v6 quri trinh nghi6n crlu
vdn d6 t6 mdu graph dd chring ta cri thd cung
nhau di ddn nhAn dinh : "Vai trb cia chu trinh
don dQ dd.i ld ld rdt quan treng ddi u6i sdc s6
crta graph". ViQc tim tbi cric kdt quA nhim
minh chdng cho nhQn dlnh niy ld m6t trong
c6c hu6ng nghidn cfu vdn d6 td miu graph.
Drr6i day tOi xin n6u ra cirng cdc ban m6t trong
nhtngvdn dd rdt co sd trongvicxAy drtngn6n
mdng cho hrr6ng nghiEn crlu niy.
Xin nrii th6m rdng, cric kdt quA d5 thu drroc
theo hrrdng nghiOn crlu ndi tr6n hi6n cbn rdt it
6i ; tuy v6.y, chring c0ng d6 gcip phdn giAi quydt
mdt s6 vdn d6 duoc dat ra theo m6t hrr6ngnghi6n
cdu kh6c, cria nhi todn hoc ndi ti6ng Hungari
P.Erd6s, xung quanh vdn d6 t6 mAu graph.

II. BAI TO./{N

Vdi suy nghi ring c6c chu trinh don d6 dai
16 Anh hrrdng tdi sic s6 cta graph bdi hai y6u
t6 - d6 dii vi uich sip xdp cta cdc chu trinh
dd trong graph - chring ta cti thd d6t vdn d6
cd dinh y6u td d6 dai dd nghi6n crlu c6ch sip
x6p tdi uu cta chring trong c6c graph cd cirng
sic s6. Cd nhi6u ti6u chudn dd'x6t tlnh tdi uu,
bdi to6n sau ddy d6 cflp t6i m6t ti6u chudn don
gi6n nhdt.
B}i to6n : Hdy tim graph cd it dinh nhdt
trong tdt cA. uic graph cd s6c sd bing k vd
kh6ng cd chu trinh don v6i d6 dai lA b6 hon

2l+1.
c<i

YOi I = I vd kbdt ki, graph cdn tim li graph

ft dinh vi bdt ki hai dinh nio crla nd cflng k6

nhau.

t2

V6i / bdt ki vd & : 3, graph cdn tim ld gaph.

c6 2l + 1 dinh vi cd dfng mQt chu trinh don chu trinh don d0 ddi 2l + L.
X6t , bdt ki vd & = 4. Trong trtrdng hop ndy,
theo t6i, graph cdn tim ln graph drroc xdy dUng

nhu sau

Ldy

dinh ur. t,ut.z,...ul.(z+1;. Ndi

m6i dlnh ut .i, i = TJI T-1, v6i dinh ur .1, + ry
(quy udc ur.1zt +z1ld ur.,).
edc

Tidp theo, ldy

edc dinh

l, UZ.2t...t U2.e) + t1i ...i Ul. l, U1.2, ..., Ut. 1A + g

. Ndinr6idinh u1.ii :ZJ,i =}iJ,TFI,v6ihaidinh

U2.

'0 -

i, :

r).,,

ia

(i -1)

uu'1).i2, d day :

(nrcd(Zt+l)),

ir:

I 4 i1,i2 < 2l+l vir

(i

+l)(mod(2l +l)).

Cudi cing, ldy dinh u vi n6i u vdi trlng dinh

ut. t,

ul.)t

. . . P1.(2/ + t)'

Ta dtroc mQt graph c6 (21+ 1)/ + 1 dinh vd

ki hi6u la c4.

/.

Dd chring minh Go., th6a

min

cdc y6u cdu

d4t ra, tru6c h6t hiy chtlng minh X(G. . ) = 4.

Tidp theo, cdn chrlng minh Go., kh6ng chrla

trinh don vdi dQ dai 16 b6 hon 2l + L.

cudi cing, phAi chrlng minh Go., c<i it dinh

c6c chu

Vi

nhdt trong sd c6c graph cci s6c s6 bang 4 vd

kh6ng cd chu trinh don vdi d0 dai 16 b6 hon

2l+1.
Cd thd chrlng minh nhfing di6u vta nu nhrr
thd nio ? Cbn hay khOng nhtng ldi giAi khrlc
cho trudng hgp dang x6t (lbdt ki vn fr = 4) ?
Cric trudng hop chua duoc x6t ddn d ddy cria
bdi to6n sE duoc giAi quydt ia sao ? Cd thd ti6p
tUc dat ra nhftng vdn dd gi xungquanh bd.i toSn
d6 n6u ? Dd li nhirng ciu h6i mi tric gia bai
vidt ndy tr6ng dgi sg giAi ddp cta ban dgc. R6t
mong drroc cric bg.n hrfdng rlng. Xin c&m on c6c

ban.

(R( B0llonltrHt H0( slllH gl0l

THPTToAN euOcruAM lees
(nANc n)

nii rHr :
Ngny thi thf nhet (02-3-1995)
r.

Bhi I : GiAi phttong trinh

x:t - g)c2 _ &r + 40 - ga{4, .u 4 : 6
Bhi 2 : Daysd{ a,,},n N, dttgcxdcdinh nhtt
sau : a ).=1, n.,:3 vA. vdi rttoi rz = O, 1,2r 3.... thi
neunchan
ort,2: fo,,,,*9o,,
* br,, n6u n ld
10n,,.
r
I rr ,
Chting nrinh ring

cria da gi6c d6u dd bdi n mitu sao cho cdc di6u

ki6n sau duoc d6ng thdi th6a man :
1) M5i dinh dtroc t6 bdi m6t mdu.
2) M5i rniu dtloc dnng dd t0 cho dring hai
clinh khOng k6 nhau.
Hai c6ch tO rndu, th6a mdn c6c di6u ki6n tr6n,
duoc goi la tudng dtrong neu t:ach td mau ndy co
phep
thd n[an dtroc tr] cdch t0 mdu kia nhil mdt
'
q"w qr."t tam cta da gizic d6u da cho.
H6i cd tdt chbao nhi6u cach t6.mdu d6i rn6t
kh6ng tddng duong ?

2(XX)

tl I a| chia hdt cho 20.

i:

1995

2) a,n+, kh6ng lA sd chinh phrrong v6i moi,

zN.

Biri 3: X6ttam giac khOngd6uABC vdic6c

dttdngqgoAr. BE-CFJ{y cdc {$m Ai B', C'sqo
cho AA' : kAD, BB'.: kBE, CC' : hCF,
trong dri ft la s6 thuc khdc khdng.
1) Vdi

k:

ch(rng minh rang tam gi6c

A'B'C' d6ng dang voi tam giac ABC va hfly tinh

ti sd ddng dang theo cdc gdccta tam giac ABC.
2) Tirn tdt cA c|.c g15, trl h * 0 sao cho v6i moi
tam gi6c kh0ng d6u ABC ta lu6n cci tan giSc
A'B'C' ddng dang vdi tam gl6c ABC.
Ngay thi thit hai (03-3-1995)
BAi 4 : Cho hinh trl di6n ABCD. Goi A', B',
C', D'theo thrl td ld tAm dttong tron ngoai tidp
tanr gi6c BCD, CDA, DAB, ABC.
Chdng minh reng : mat phing-di qua A
vu6ng gcic v6i C'D', rndt phingdi qua B vuOng
gcic v6i D'A', rnatphing di qua C vudng gdc v6i
A'B', mdt ph&ng di qua D vu6ng g6c v1i B'C'
ld b6n mdt phing cirng di qua ur6t didur.
Ndu giao didm cta bdn mnt phing tr6n ld
thnr ctra nrdt cdu ngoai ti6p hinh ttl di6n ABCD
thi hinh trt di6n ABCD crj bit buOc phAi d6u
kh6ng ? Vi sao ?
BAi 5 : HAy xdc dinh tdt cit c6.c da thrlc P(x)
th6a mdn di6u ki6n sau : Vdi m6i s6 o > 1995
thi sd nghiOm thrrc ctra phrrong trinh
P(x) : o (m6i nghi6rn duoc tinh vdi sd b6i cria
nrj) bang bdc cta da thric P(x), vit m6i nghiOm
thuc cria phtrong trinh tr6n ddu ldn hon 1995.
Bei 6 : Cho s6 nguy6n n > 2 vA cho mQt-da
giac d6u 2n dinh. NgUai ta t0 tdt cA crlc dinh

II. HU6NC NAN GIAI . LOI GIAI

Biri I : Didu ki6n cci nghia : r > -1.
Dat /:4{G+4 (*), I > 0. Khi dd
rl
* : 4Gr - 4). :rl = 16 (rs -Bl+ + 16), 13 :
1

a, trrr - l2f + 48t4 -

64).

Tt phuongtrinh

trinh :
Z4f + 76t4 _ SlZt + 2916 = 0
*(t-2:}(tttt +4{) +taf +32f +561/, +96r-s+
da cho ta cd phrrong
t't2 _

<=+l=2(vit>01.

TiI dd ta duoc , a,[4x + 4 - 2 e, : 3. Ket

hop vdi di6u ki6n cd nghia suy ra phuong trinh
dd cho cci duy nhdt nghiOm r : 3. I
Bld 2: 1) Vdi m6i ru N goi b,r,
",rtddng
rlng ld sd drr trong ph6p chia a,, cho 4 vd cho 5.

Khidd:0 < b,, < 3, 0 < Cr, < 4,VnNvi

N
c,r: 1, cl : 3, cr, +:
chd.n
_ !t",, + 1 - c,,)(ntod1) ndu n

b,,=1, b r-3, bn+2: (6a+r + b,,)(ntod4) Vn

- l-"../l+r, ,

ndu n ld.
1ntod\),
\
Bang tinh todn truc ti6p ta dtloc :
6,,= 1, b, :3, b2=0, 6:=3, 6o-3, b 5=2, b c=1,
br=S. cr.r:1, c, =3, cr:Z, cr:3, co:1, cr:4,
crr:3, cr=2, cr:4, crr:Ircrrr:2, cll:3, ...
Tt dd suy ra bt:br+t,, Vk,t C N vd
ck = ck * n, vft > 2, vt. e .N. Vi th6, tt 1995 =
3 +6 x 332 : 3 *8 x 249 vit 1996 : 4 +6
|

x332:4+8 x 249ta dtrocbroo<:6. = 3,

bruurr: bq : 3 ,cly,ls: ca ='5,\
:
b
l,
vd
do
dri
b
2,
c4
l,
clr)r){, =
lrlr, =
rr* =
b tg,)g = 3, brnru = 0 ; cpg.l = 4, cr,*: 3,
ctgyrt:2,c,uur,= 4'
13

2(,00

2000

,2 "i = > bi :
k:1995
ft:le-5-5

Suy ra

2000

(nrod.4)

(1)

2000

2 "i=2
"i:0
* = le-55
t:

(ntodb)

2) Xdt MBC \,'uong can tar A. Khi dd, vdi k = 7

thi AA'B'C'suy bi6n thdnh doan thins DA vit
do dri ncj kh6ng th6' ddng dang voi ne?C. VAi
k * I thi LA'B'C' cdn tai A' Vi the :

(2)

lee,5

Vi (4, 5) =

1 n6n

tt (i) vi (2) ta

cci

2000

&

:'

= 0 qmort}}1t
: 2 "i
199.5

2) Vi Vn N thi 2n * I hoic cci dang 6A + 1

ho6c cri dang 6la * 3 hodc cci dang 6ft * 5 n6n,

theo phdn chrlng rninh tr6n, ta cri : hoic

+1 = 3 (mod4) hoac a)r,+1 : 2 (mod 4).

fr2r,

Mat khdc. d6 thdv. o li sd chinh phuong chi

khi hoac rz = 0 (rnod 4) hoac o = 1 (mod 4).
Ydy at, + 1 khdngli sdchinh phttorrgVn N.l
Chri f : Kdt quA cira phiin 2) cbn cci ttrd
chilng itinh d6c ldp vdi phlin 1)'bang crich x6t
on theo rrrod3 vi urod9. 'l'heo cdch trrAy. ban se
chr?ng nrinh dtroc rang o.,, kh6ng ld s6 chinh
phttong Vrz N..
Bai 3 (Ba.n doc ta uE hinh r : I ) Goi G vd H
ldn luot ld trong tArn vi tn{c t6.rn c:ioa b,ABC.
Do AAIIC kh6ng ddu n6n G * II.
?r] tinh ch{! cua=1fi vajt crich xdc dinh A',
B', C'suy ra;f'G,;p'G,,C'G, theo thrl td, cLng
phuongvdi BC, CA, AB. Do dtiA', B', C'cung
nhin cloan GH daai rn6t gcic vuOng, va vi thd
Al, B', C' cing nim tr6n dudng trbn dtrdng
kinh Glf. Suy ra :
tA',R"A',C',) -. (GB"G{,"'1 :6C,AB))
{B'A',8'C'): (GA', GC'\: BC, BA) f +

(C'A'.C'B') = 1GA'. GB't: (CB.C$)

+ A.A'B'C'^ LABC.a
(d Oay, 6i'l ki hi6u gcic dinh hrrdng gitia
drtdng thing d vi dddng th8ng d').
Goi q ln ti sd d6ng dang cua hai tam gi6c tr6n.
R'
Cd t1 :
*, voi -R, ,R' theo thf tu ln b6n kinh
dudng trbn ngoai ti6p A,A'R'C', LABC. DO thdy

,1

.)

R'j - (zGr)'

1 *-

+
1 -=
uCtt:: 4@H -oG)z'

vdi O ld tAm dttdng tron ngoai tiC'p AABC.

Ma :O-&:OA+OB+O-Cva+1+-+

oG:sQA+OR+OC)
-14
:

N6n :.n,2

;td,q

+ o-h +

dqz

1^--++
-qfii( 1 *1 * 1 +2cos Q A,O B) +zco s(OA,O Q
+
+
+ 2cos(OB, OC))

[3 +Z(cos2C *cos2B +cos2A)).

Trl dci: g

t4

1_
: Et/3+2(cos2A*cos2B+cos2C)
|

ta luOn
cci

AA 'BC'

kdt

l, -

,^

LAB(' ctri

tni n ='f,.

Wathop vdi

cria phdn i) suy ra cci duy nhd t gi5

1ua
th6a rn5n y6u cdu ctia bdi ra.I

tri

. BAi 4 (Ldi giai tont tat. Ila,n dqc tu uO

ltinlr) : 1) Gsi (P ), (P), (P:), (P+) ldn hiot ld

met phAng di qua A vu6ng g<ic vdi C D' ; nrat

phlrng di q-ua B vuOng gic ia1 O 'A' ; r14t pharig
C vu6ng.gci_c .udi A'B ' ' m?! phAng di qua
S qul
D vuong gdc v6i B'C .
Ggi S.r., S/r., S(.., Srr. ldn ldc,t la mdt cdu
t-Arq A' di qua B! C, D ; mAt cdu t6,m B' di qua
C, D, A; mAt cdu tAm C'di qua /), A, B ; mat
cdu tAm D' di qua A. B. C.
DO ding chtlng minh dtroc

(P), (P), (P:), (Pq) ldn- ltrot l5 mat dirig

phttong cira c6c cAp mdt cdu : S.-, vi S7r., Sp,

vi Sr, ; Sr. vi Sh. ; Sr,vA S.,.

YiA', B', C', D'ld hinh chidrr vu0ng gric cira

tAm O ma.t cdy ngoai tiep tri di6n;IBCDxugng
c6c mat cria trl diSn non 4 Aiem'OCt<hongthin[

"
hdng. X6t hai trtidng hop sau ,
o Trrrdng hcrp 1 : Trong 4 diejm A', B', C',
D' kh6ng cd 3 di6-pr nao t-hing- hing. Trong
trudng hgp.nay, d6.thdy .co didm E cci cirng
phrrong tich ddi vdi 4 mit

cAu
S,1., Ss., S(.., Sr). vd di6u ndy chrlng t6 4 mat
phing (P), {Pz), (P), (Pq) ccididmchungE.r
o Trttdng hqp 2 : Trong 4 diem A.', B', C',

D' c6 3 didm"thihg heng. tXAy ra, ching han,

khi ABCD ln tri diSn ,udng t{i e va nai BOtj
14 A {6u). Tr.ong tirrdng hfp nay 4 mqt phang
(P
), (P2), (Pl), (Pl) se ddngquytai "diern *". t
D DA ding chrlng minh duoc ring, ndrr
ABCD li ttl di6n gdn ddu thi tAnr rnat cd.u ngoai
tiep trl di6n dv-ln
didrn duv nhht cci c"irng
phtrong iich " d6i vdi " 4 m4t cdil
S7., 56., ,S(.., ,S/).. Tt dd suy ra, khi didm chung
cria 4 mat phing (P1), (P2), (P), (Pi trirng
vdi tAm cr,ia rnht c.Au ngoai tidp trl di6n ABCD
thi rd di6n dy lihong b#r bu6c irnai adu.
Bei 5 : c Xdt cdc da thic P(x) c6 bdc > 1
ud lir hdnt clctn didu tuAn (-cl. *oo). Do dd thi
hdm Prrt chi co hfru han <Iidm u6n nn trong
trttong hop nAy J o > 1995 sao cho phtton[
trinh Pr-rl : o chi cci m6t nghiOm (rndi nghi6m

tinh vdi sd b6i cria nci). Suv ra Pk) th6a

nrfln yeu cdu ctia de Ua,l chi khi" degPkit : l,
nghia ld P(il cci dang P(x), : px * e,| + 0. i{hi
dci, Va > 1995 phrrong trinh P(x) : o (3) luOn
dtroc

: l"l -\

Jr"o

max{
Do dd

P (u r),P (u 2),...,P

(u,,,),P (, r ),... P(u*)

cd mat dring 2 ldn

Tr) dd suy ra
Dc dti

g(it1

s(n):

la(z)l

=l"l -ll.,i
i:t

n 4l :

j:t

lVl

(2n

k)l

2n -k

.,. Qn-k|
:
:; t2n\l*,),,-r,^
fr.cl;

2rr-t

: -)

(5)

,tr-t-*

x-l
,T

(2n-r-k)t.

(6)

1,--',
2u*k
o Tinh f(n).'lhay (5), (6) vdo (4) ta duoc
{-t;o

f(n):zn,\ t-tlk
,

@;+

k:0

Dat glrz; : lAln;l . D6 thdy, cd ftn) :

g(n)
- ng(n - 1) (4\
=
o Tinh g(n).X6t cdc tAp :
f : t (nLi,., nLi,,..., nli.^\
cci thrt ttr I m6i nt,, i : Tfi, c6 mat dring 2 ldn
trongb0 )
trong t cd nt, chi6m hai vi tri
_.. Ti. -: (, F
li6n tidp \, i =
"l ffi.
.

i=r

rt-l

(d aay, lXl ki hi6u

,
: 7\ \) Ti , suyra

UUr tdp V gdrn

nk
\r _l't,r' Qn-2-h)l'urt-l
= W2)l +',?,'

(quy udc nr,.n*rld. m,r).

Hidnnhi6n cdB(n)

,,1

^-t
Suyraig(n-ll=

:T-2]

X6t tAp B(n) : t

,,
Lrr I nr6i nL,, i : T7, cci rrrAl dting 2 ldn trong
b6:nz,'i * nli'r+t Yj:7,2n:f
I

n2,,, nrOt ph6'n

!,
(n2,,,, ..., nlr.,n_o) ,rU
cA
c6c
c<i
thrl'
tu
tdt
b6
trong m5i b6 thi : m6i nt;,./ : TlE, cci mat,
dirng nr6t ldn, mn nr6i nz, i,I \ { nt,,, ..., nt ;r}

P(x) =pa+q, v6ip > 0vaq > 1995(1 -pt

P(x) = c, vdi c > 1995. I
- Bei 6 (Liti gidi tonl tat); Xudt ph6t tt ni6t
dinh nio drj ldn luot, theo chi6u kim ddng hd,
ki hi6u c5c dinh c0a da gi6c bdi A1,A2, ...1a"i.
Ki hi6u e5"c miu dnng dd tO le n1l, nL2 7..., nt,,
vd goi M ld tdp g6m tat cA z rniu dy.
i
Gqi f(n) ld sd c6ch tO mdu th6a nran cdc di6u
ki6n 1), 2) ctia bdi to6n. C6 f(n) : lAl, v6i
cothtt tu I nt6i nt,,i:Ti.,c6ntit
{ 1nt,.,...,nt1_
-1
'ln )

sd phdn tt cria tdp )0.

lrr; t1l1,t ...t nt,,-\ c6 th:d

thdi kh6i b nr6t phdn tir

cd t6i da m6t nghiOrn l6n hon 1995.

o Xet cd.c da thtc P(x) : cottst. D6 thdy, chi
c6 cac da thrlc P(x) = c, vdi c < 1995, ld cdc da
thdc th6a nran y6u cdu d6 bdi.
Tcirn lai, tdt cA c6c da thrlc cdn tim ld :

nr,r*rVi

b6 d6ng

vdib6 nh6n duoctit6bingc6ch

ta m6t song 6nh tr) tap

nhi6n, d6 thdy. vdi P(.r) li tanr thrlc bAc hai thi

f a > 1995 sao cho phrtong trinh P(r) : a chi

fi T,

minh iftIoc rang tudng tlng niii trdn xac IAp cho

thi hdntP(r) chi cci hilu han didrn udn

trong bQ; nt,

nr6ib

til nt1.,..., urQt phdn tt nt,,. Dd dang chfng

n6n Il o > max {6, 1995} sao cho phttongtrinh

P(x) = o chi cci tdi da hai nghiOrn (rn5i nghirn
duoc tinh vdi sd b6i cria nci). Suv ra P(x) th6a
m6n y6u cdu d6 bni chi khi deg-P(x) = 2. Tuy

na - dring2lIn

i:l

*a)

Khi dd deg P(x) > 2. Gi st P(x) dat crrc dai

tai nr didm (nz N) u1t u.r...t u^vd, dat crlc
tidu tai ft didm (ft N) t).t):t...t uo. D[t

(2n'''.
\l
= '-2n X6t li bdt ki c { 1,2, ..., n}
"l
vd x6t b0 (lr, i2, ...,i) bdt, ki th6a mnn
1 < lr < i2 < ... . it, < rz. Dat trrong tlng

Cd

1995 (1 -p)
lq
I o<Xet
cac da thic Pk) ld hd.nt c6 cttc tri trn

lr,,nr,.l-..+...+

l*i,....<in<r1i:11

.p

(-a,

"2

[<1,<1,<n

, :

vd vi thd moi
';n,
nghiOm ciia (3) d6u l6n hon 1995 Va > 1995
o I
khi vi ctri t<tri - , 1995 Va > 1995 <=+

cri duy nhdt nghiom

Cf

l=l

"i,

o NhAn thdy : rn6i cdch t6 mdu, mh 3 h e {1.

2, ..., n\ sao cho Ao vit Ap *,, l<hdc miu, d6u cri
ding2n crich t6 mdu tudng dttong voi nci ; cbn
nr6i cdch tO miu, mi A1 vd, Ap n,, cung miu
Yk - Ti, ddu cd dring z crich t6 mdu triong
dttong vdi nrj. Hon nlta; d6 thdy, co tdt ci nl
crich tO mdu rni trong m6i c6ch d6u co Ao vd"
Ao *,, cung mdu VA = Tlfl.
Ti dd suy ra, ndu ki hilu g@\ lA s6 crich t6
rnAu dOi m6t kh6ng tudng dtrong thi :

nt'

f(n"1 s(n):-;-*;:

nt'

(2n-l-k\t ^'. I
'
$ r-, ,r -;-.cf,+i(n
: z\4r
-rt!t
NGTJYEN KI.]AC MINT.I

15

,
I
I

p!fu[g!
tln-wi GrEsf,fito

Tim hiCu siu thGm To6n h9,

wrfr@_qTL16ltrl
l,n DAV Bful

c rfillG'lHIoT

(iidi.Dit: t'n : ,rn - rn l(z > l)

tn =
=(ar -a-,)+1u,-u,)+...+(r/n-ln*1):

Ngoit circ ph.U(lni: ph:ip t_h6ng thdilng dir du(tc guing da\,
trong trtlitng Pho Ihfrng. dtl(ii d,ry l,l ntnt phu(rng ph:'rp khr:r
httu hiL.u dC tint girii han ci:r ma)t dary sii. giup rhern phdtlng
liJn cho r':ic hoc sinh lrtn chuvi'n- clton cin J.

(l.l_ )

uil
j *

diy si (r")

( lcs-rnr cri:r

*(rrn,.

* r +... *un) -Il

2) Apdung:-t'inh tim

-/)

(ilrir. I);-rt : rn :

il

,l

tt,I

-(zl:
II

+. ...

l';

Cho d:rv sfi (an) dinh htli

2) Ap dung

(-) ' ti lim ; :

n+ f @

+ +-

Ildi 2 XA tinh h6i tu c0a day

c[ra diry sd

nin lim ttn =

'f

tvo

0'

q++x
sCi (un) dinh bili

n-*-t
'fLt

/r

dir suy ra

lldi

+ ?'1n :,l

.:;;

n+*o

-1.

n-*o

(u,) lir m6t dAy stj sao cho

lim(trn1r-an)=i

n+ +a

(lhtlnsminh,lim5:
"
n- +Jr
16

s6

: lim lntn : 2=> lim un :

>r)

(?rt +2)(2tt

+ l)

- (, + ljr-

?;F

lv
'nf

th:iv

lim ,,
=
- n

J. chrr ni'n linr

n-*o

= lim nlrc$ :

"'fW; .-

4.

"f

r+

l.

lim

(un

n+*o

1t - un) : /
TI

thi h;rv chtJnr: minh : lim - | =

,t

nl

92.

Ndu day sd (an) sao cho

fl")
'

/.

D-++m

2. NCu dAy sfi drtttng (an) sao cho lim rr, : l thi
chilng minh

n+f

lim

"V-a-, a, -.

ri" =

n+*o

/.

4.

Bni tflp tlb nghi.

*tirntn/I
+i)"=z
\-

rtt

n++6
n-*e
1'rern dAy Ii mdt sii thi tlu di h:rn dt.rc thliv cich irp rlung
dinh li hQi tu cia d6y sd thco c6ch ('isam. Ap dqng rdt ti<ln
giAn vi d6n ket qui khir nhanh. (liic han thi iip dung trong
cic truitng hdp kh:'rc sau diiy xcm s:r().

d:ry

(2rr)!

'l'onr lar : lim lrn

Git)i.Taco:lttu-:
i tn / t + f\*
n fuo?,"'\'
kl
Diy s6 1!rurn) ti trung hinh Ci'sart, cua

';r

lirn n{rn

21r

w,. (r,. Dlf

rr+@

,,"=[](,*;)""

M;r: lim

at

1n

lnl

nfl

I'hd rhi

(ln) l) trung binh Cesaro

K_

(,)t)!

(2tt +

, t,

= nriT{

lln

Xi't tinh h6i tu cua (un).

(;idi

tll
-+12tl

|il1. Suy ra

1lr/ nC'n

l)i1 : Wn ': f'!" :

un=in}*..r.-

Nhu vay d5y s6

r(n

(!i)lnl e lim ln'{u- :

n+ +,

j
lim
=
n- +- /l
ItrLr

lll

!\

Do giii rhiit (rn)

,l

+ I - lfl.n = fn t\
+...+ rn _.

- lw^

lrtun

(rr _ rr,,)r
lttrun = Ov;t lDni <
< f + lim bn
6+*o
n.-*o
'l
Viry: lim (r'n - D : 0elim I,. : l.
q.--ie
jl'ix
2) Ap ch.rng tlb girii rndt
- s6 hiri tirp.

"fEi,L

qr:I5I.(/""'-l""

Iidn nhian k)

Ildi

= /.

+Jl

trurn

| /l

t:l t'tt : \ nil

tr F,,

(t,n +r - /) +... + (tln-

b:n

n-

(,,n,.+l -1) +...+ (u"

ni'p : limj

I l) (an) l;r mdr diry sii dttttng. (ii:i sit []orj-,,,,

Itt
khi n-+m ; hirv ch[tngminh : lim "f4 :
n++d

rr

lldi

tt t.hrr

"

ttcn I

Vr->0;f rr,,=N:il > n

I Iieu r'" - / cri thi vidr
(rll +il) +... +Lo,.)
tr.I:t]-i- 1. *---*

I)orlri:-ll
ntiil
'l-hco gi:i thil{t dirv sri (r'n) htli 1u tldn/ vri vr

"tt

/ilrIfl.

un

t', * i', I ... * t'n tl,,

:= '

ll^

lir d:ry s6 t m ng hinh

Mitttt

'l;t cti : t', -l- t, + ... *

l1 Trung h)nh Cd,,r,, iria rniri diri sii

l. l)inlt nghia. ('|o dirv sCi (rrn.,. I)irt
I/, *tt' + " 1"n

I)ilv sii (r'n) goi

eu,rN<; ANt

I-tl.

/TP Hb Chi

3. Khio s:lt su h0i ru cta dav sd (a^) dinh hr'ri

rrn =

n\i[lJ;FT

h-ry

Enr

PHAM

HW
TUNG
nhQn
lrlAl

rud't
SAC

Bin tdp viert

Errittr tu$ttiffBfi

fr

#$& e$&e ffii$ru

ff${

t5c

&m

ffr5trL
r;,rtr# 8t t
,fIlg

s#sveFsr$$

VO

K]M rHUy

din chtong trinh

?ffir
MQT SO HNH ANH
BUOI LE DON

HUAN CHUONG

Ph6 t6hg bi6n tap

NGO DAT
c6ng b6'
danh
sach
cdc em

doat
.2.

gwt

TII

Trao Bdng danh dtr vd gidi thuing cho

cac em doqt gidi cugc thi ndrn 1994

Giei iilfip bdi

c6 crAo PEAT AI ?

@n o d6 bai ta ldp bAng d6nh g75. ctccAu trA ldi

Cdu trA ldi
'd6i', 'thatn cira 3 ban DOng, Bic vd Nam nhtl sau :
Nam
Tt bAng d6nh gi6 niy ta suy ra 2 trudng hgp th6a V6 bAy D6ng
mdn dd bii Id :
that
ddi
Ddng
- R5c vG bAy vd Nam ndi ddi
vi
- Nam v6 b6y Bic nrii ddi
ddi
that
Bhc
Vi dd bei chi y6u cdu tim hai b4n bi c6 gi6o phat v6
rhat
that
Nanr
t6i v6 bAy hodc ndi ddi n6n ta cci hai ban b! cO gi6o phat
lA, Bic vd Nam.
(L Khd.nh Tod.n,l6p 4E, tnrdng cdp I V6 X6n, Tiy Son, Binh Dinh)

Bic
d6i

that
ddi

i!

BiNFI PHUONG

Vui REm mOi

$nun dip ddu ndm m6i, cS.cb4nhdy vui giAi tri v6i s6 1996 bing cdch phAn tich sd 1996
thdnh tdng cria 4 s6 sao cho : Khi c6ng s6 thrl nhdt v6i 1, trr) sd thri hai cho 2, nhan sd thrl ba vdi 3,
chia sd thf tu cho 4 thi dttoc c5c kdt quA bdng nhau.
NcO UAN

,|tQf DAU HIEU ...

(Tidp theo trang 3)
C6ng v6 v6i vd hai Oing thfic trcn ra dddc

AK + CL

: AL + CK, do d<i rheo dinh lf

b) Hai tir

giAc

BK -r BL

1 ta

MBNO vit OPDQ ngoai ti6p

lj I

Khi d6 rheo dinh

=>

ta co :

c6 trt

gtirc

ABCD ngoai ridp.

lsx+st:oK+oL

OK + OL : OK + DL.
DK + DL, do do lai theo dlnh l1i 1 ra c6 rfi
I

giAc

ABCD ngoai ti6p.

(H.s)

* BAI TOAN 3 : Cho tl giAc ABCD ngogi ri6p. Qua C v6 dtrdng rhing song song v6i AD cil atdng rhingAB tai Br, qua
,4 v6 dudng thing song song v6i BC c5r dLrong thing CD tai Dr. Chrlng minh ring rfi gidc AB{Dt ngoai tidp.

- Chritg minh
x

N6rlBCD.ld hinh

thang thi hi6n nhi6n.

* GiA srlt tAgi6cABCD kh6ngc6 hai canh nAosongsong. Tax6t hai rnldng hdp:
a) (h.5). - K6o dli c6c canh d6i ciia haitil giAcABCD vdABtCDt c5t nhau taiE, F, K
(h. 5). V\ ABCD ngoai tiip ndn theo dinh lli 1 ta c6 :
CF + CK __ AF + AK + AE + CK : CE + AK (V\ t(T giAC AECF IA hiNh biNh h}Nh). DO
d6 theo dinh l), 1 ta c6 t( giAcAB{DI ngoai ti!p.

* K6o dAi c6c canh d6i crla hai t0 gi6c ABCD vA AR tCD t cit nhau tai E, F, r( (h.6).
Y\ABCD ngoai ti6p n6n theo dlnh l! 1 ta c6 :
AK + CF : AF + CK+AK + AE = CE + CK
Theo dinh l;i I ta c6 tfi gi\cAB{Dr ngoai ti6p.

- Tn d6y chring ta dA vAn dung dinh l), I dd chtrng minh c5c tt gi5c ngo4i tidp vi cach
chirng minh rdr dep (nhu v6i bai todn t). D6 khAng dlnh hifu qua cua dinh lli 1, cac ban hey thir
sr Oqng Odu hiqlr trung chudng trinh Lof'i-:, {ap 2 O6 gAi cac bii to4n 2 vi 3 xem.! Ch,jc chin cic
bqn s6 g[p kho khln

Trg sd t6a so4n

45B Hing Chudi, He NQi. DT: 213786

Tdng bin f@p ; NGLrrfiN cANn roAN

Ncoo4rni
Ph6 tdng bin tQp I

Ct, TP H6'Chi Minh. DT: 356111

Bian @p ud. tri
INSS:8066-8035
Sdp cht tai TTVT Nhi xudt bAn Girio duc
Chi sd :12884
In t4i Xrrdng Chdbdn in NXB Girio duc
M5 sd: 8BT25M5
In xong vd n6p lrru chidu th6ng 1.1996
231 Nguy6n Ven

(H.6)

stt.'

HoANG

cnixc

v0 KIM TIIUY
Gi6: 2000tI
Hai nghin tlbng

t,

I
t
$
I