t

',1

(1

i-

[-r'n-,,a

BO GrAO DUC VA DAO TAO

* nQl TOAN HOC VrFT NAM

=9Ca
'oiw6/rE

2 rrrnt
1996
Nan,r

rurJ

gg

TAP CHI RA NGAY 15IIANG TT{ANG

A9r?r

D DE THI HQC SINH GIOI TOAN 9 UAI PHONG

7a

tr F,s6 ffiWruffi eme mr*r DfrNc rHdre

tr TrEp TUC CAC TINH CHAT DEp CUA DA crAC DEU
tr r-0r clAr cAc sAl roAN THr olymptc roAN ouOc rE*..^.7t^

Hoc sinh Chtq,An DHTI{ Ha N)i cdm h'ai mlntg ki nint

-10

ndnr thdnh lap kl6:i Chuvn toan

vA rubt rRE

TOAN HQC

MATHE,MATICS AND YOUTH

MUC LUC
Tran g

Tim hidu sAu thAm hdn hoc Phd thbng

To hetp young friend,s gain better understanding
in school Maths
D?mt Van Nlzi -Ointr li Rolle vd nhtlng 6p dung

Tdng biAn

fip

tonN
ttp :
biAn
Phti td ns
Nr;Ct Ita't"t'[l

Nr;uviN
1

c:ANt t

t{oAN(; ('ttatNG

Gidi bdi ki trwtic

Solutions of problents in preuious issue

C6c

bdi ciasd 220.

a Db thi hoc sinh

a Db ra

ki

giii todn 9 Hdi

Phbng.

L21224

10
11

l,di giai c6c bdi thi oli,rnpic toSn Qu6c td ldn thrl

36

12

Hoc sinh tim

Md r6ng cdcbdt ding

thric

15

lrl

Doan.

Nguy6n Vi6t Hei, Dinh Quang

Hio, Nguy6n XuAn Huy, Phan
Huy KhAi, Vt Thanh Khi5t, L0

Hei Kh6i, Nguy6n Van NIau.

Nhr.rng.

Nguy6n Dang Phdt, Phan

Thanh Quang, Ta Hdng
Quang, Dang Hung Th6ng. Vn

tii

Dtiong Thiry, Trdn Thdnh

Nguydn Tidn Thang - Tidp tuc khai th6c

nhirng tinh chdt dep cria da giSc d6u
Girii

BAo, Nguy6n H.ry

Minh, Trdn Van

Young friends' search in Maths

AIEN TAP

Hodng L6 Minh, Nguy6n Kh6c

Ddnh cho cdc ban chudn hi thi vdo Dui hoc

For college and uniuersity entrance exanl preparers

Phanr Tdn Phudc

oouc

Nguy6n CAnh Todn, Hodng

Chfng, Ngd Dat Ttl, L0 Kh6c

NKM - Nguy6n li cai dm dun nrl6c

a Nguydn Von MAU

r-16r

ndy

Problents in this issue

TU224, ..., TtOl224, Lll224,
a

Bia 3

Trai, LO 86 Khdnh Trinh, NgO

Vi6t Trung. D4ng Quan Vien,

todn huc

Fun with Mathentatics.

Vu Hciug Thhi -Giaidapbaicrrnhttngdaqidcneo Bia 4
Bia 4
Phant Hilng - C6t hinh chri nhAt.

Tru sd tda soan :

458 Hhng Chudi, HA NQi
231 Nguy6n Ven Cil, TP H6 Chi Minh

DT:213786
DT:356111

Bian

fip

uit

tri stl; VO NtVt THUY

Trinh bd.Y: TRONG THIEP

T*rrU
Lagrang i

A
t-l

er
sr--4
z=E

l*t-

f(b)-f(o)=f(c)(b-a),

/_?G
,, .$
2ts

r).
Trong bO dA thi vdo DH vi CD ctng dE, cci m6t s6 bii t{p miu
khi giei nri ta chi cdn vAn dung dinh li tr6n cirng v6i vi6e d6nh giri
f @. d ddy tOi mu6n cingcrie ban khai th:ic th6m dinh Ii d<i.
Ndu trong ( I ) cric ban cho f(c) = f(b't tht f(c) = O. Diy chinh l&
ndi dung dinh li Rolle, dugc phrlt bidu nhu sau :
Nllu y f(x) - xar dinh ud. liAn tue bAn [a, b,J, c6 f'(x), < +a
=
trorug (a, il, f(a) = f(b) thi c6 c A @, b) d.6 f (c) = Q.
Nhu \ray dinh Il Ro[e ln tnrdnghop d6e bi6t cia dinh lilagrange,

ep

Dinh li Rolle drroc v{n dpng rdt nhi6u trong cric bei todn cd li6n
quan d6n nghiOm cr.ia phuong trinh. Sau dAy" chungta cirngx6t m6t sd
thi du.

>h

ffri+I-Choco

vc1t...tc,,

l?va

v1__l

cr+2e;*...*nc,i'-t = 0 ed it nL& mQt nghi$m

F-l
r-_il

r-{il
W
rM
E'r,--

;;"=-,

.!s,[_--E

a-=

.Effi
=Em
-Effi
.E '--Ec

co

* cr *

cz.Z c,, .T
a +... + ,. .r_ 1 :

Chilng minh: X6t P(x)

c. Cht?ngminh

"rt

"r*+*? * *fi

IH
ril

*4
->

li

r'

Cho hAm
y
- x6c dinh vd li6n tgc tr6n ta, b|, 6
"d = f(x)
f (x) < +o trong(n, b). Khiddc<ic (o,6)dd

==
L4
H
-=('

s6ch "GiAi ticl- 1.2* chring ta. d6, drJde hoc dinh

rlngphuong trinh
thuQc (A,2}.

l1^1
+i"rrz+|r*3+...+;|1",/,*I

: P(I) : P(2, - Q nen theo dinh Il Rolle,

P'(r): c,r*ctx*crx'L +... +c,I lt c6 it nhdt hai nghi-6.nr
x1 t r2vdi 0 < xr . 1 < xz < 2. Tt P'(r1) : P'(xz): O suy ra
P"1r; = cr* 2crr *...* M r/'-r - a
tri
nghiom
.x=rr(x,x2) C (0,2).
cri P(0)

Thl d9 2. Cho P{x) Ii

Et

da thr?e b ge n c6 n nghiQm thgc phAn bi6t

,Ez, ... ,r,r. Chrlng mlntr rangri

Chung

minh: P(r)
p,(x)

a(x -x1) @ -x) ... (x *x) c6

=pf,)

+, _,,)

*,.++...

P(r,) :P(x) =... = P(r)= 0, n$n theo dinh Il Rolle,

P'(x) = O cd n - I nghiQm ph6n bit !1,!2t...t!11_1 v6i

Tt

P"(x):P'(x)
Tr] o=
,r6n

(na .;]-+...

P'(ti = P(ti (=+a

\

-J-.
lr-xr

++;)

-1 1...ayrn)
J*zr lkaz
1

vd P(vo)

*o'

+ I *...* 1
lt-xZ

o. vk. Do dci :
Jk-xn =
1

I-*.

+'-('-l:sr-lL.
rr-y,*x*-!:
P'l.rt\
tt

--xl

\-

.Yt--Yt. ,l

ft,r

rr-l

1.*.:. +...+-1
X,,
1

TI

"x'

) 1t=::-

il:r,

x,

... r,,

=!Zr i\ YJ-1:o
Zr X, -",t,_l
f, "(

(r, x,..-r',,)

k=l'k=l

I'hi dr.r 3. Cho x1tx.,...,x,, > 0 vi

lt

tl

",:)j:

dat

14,
"r:)
.l <lcj<rt

xixl {.*,...,$./,:

r,,

tr = )

Thi dlr 4. Cho f(x) = (rr-x\(rr--xXt:-*)

fitxz-."x* -

<vic

him

co

l<i<ick<rt

l-

;=\l

s;

Chrlng minh r4ng

3l-s.

,[%

;'\l q-- '1 #

rz.

Ta xdt P{x) : (r -11) (r -rz). .(, *r,,) :

- rt, - "1y', - I .a,rifi-2 - ... + (-l)r,s, - c6 n
nghiQm tt , x2, ..- , tr, . 'Th+:o dinh , li Rolle,
p'{x) = nf'- r - (" -J) ttf, -z + 1n *21x

,y''-' - (n - 3.)"../' n' I

!2,
xt < !t < r.Z < !2 < ... I
nghiOmy,,

3 +...+

..., !,,
X,,

(-1)' - ,, -,
t

1v6i

- t < ln - ! I
srt-l

x,t

n,-2
n-l
s2 t ..: t
t, i
-; lil cric him
i
co bAn criay, , !2, ... , ln - |. Theo giA thidt quy

- hinr bic nhdi cria r, n6n D('t) : D(0)+:L4,.

Khir: -{i,x = -b thi
aA:D(-a) = {r r-c-)(r"-o)(r:-) : f(a)
[atol -

lr(Ot -

bA

+D(o)

(n

- l)s, l@--q\

--D\4):(r,--6)(rr-*)(r.-t) :

f(b)

?:P r(b)
x6t tr'1ry:'+-ry-+ti-ji
t-r(a)

Khi:ao:tr'1o;

F(b)

: o.

Theo dinh li R.olle, mi c

'

-:
k,

b) rid F'(c) +

1-\
cft.t's - fl"l _y1[1] - nf@)
,^-..
rnayt
= 0=+
\-.j/-w+
c;---;:b

!IJ+44

= f{c)

-cf (c) +docm.

Sau dAy In rnQt bei tAp dd cric ban tU luyQn

Khi dd

nap, co

ninh : X6t

la

n=1-hltduug.
Gii st trdt chlng cho n - 1. Ta git thidt
Oarl <x,)<-.. 1fr,.

a6

cf (c). Chung

b)

,,* a*x ,+t l lrr*x a-r, a-r,

D(r1: l6s rr*x o*t | = la+, rr-b o-b
It* b tx. t, *'l tt 0 r.r{

Ta chtlng minh beng phttr:ng ph:ip quy nap

l; i"l

e h,

Ching niruh:
theo

lr, r, "
dd lr, rro I = f{c) -

b c6 c

bAn cita x1tr.2., ...

s,

Chfng nrinh rangv6i mqi 0 < a <

li da thtlc bAc n cd n nghiOrn th{c

phAn bi6t. c li s6 dttong vn tap tdt ch' cric sd r
Cho P(x)

uU

> c, li hgp cria m6t sd htru han khoing

khOnggiao nhau. Chringminh ringtdngd0 dni

n*i ,rE, >

,n

>

I cdc khoAngdy

bing-

VAy kh6ng tdn tai lm sd o, 6. c kh6c nhau dfj cho

(o
(joc s6 ngulAn. dtorig, fi. h, c, d tltoa ntcin

ell)()4

cd. Chun"g nt,tnh rdng

[]1.)()1 +.

.u

h.A

sd

,ll()ti4 1;, hOp Sd.

(a, r:/. 'Ia co :

M'), do drj d = a, h. Ta t:6

A : 6"t + brr +- dti + dttt : rl" ollt' * d{t hrtt * q'tt r:tlrt
+ atti ht't : 1o.t.'t * il'I th't' +- q"'1
Vi a, , cr, h ,,7 I'" n6ir tlil thal'A ii hop s6
vdi nroi nr. E N" .l)ac lri0t coi nz = 1994.
NhAn x6t : a) Bai na-v rittoc rdt dOng r:d.c ban
tharrr gia giai. Trong sd cdc la,i giAi t6t cci : Br)j
I)uv H ing 8T Binr St;n Thrrnh Hda, Ngu;-dn ?hu
!ry1:g 9T IIiLG]a1g H;) Bii:, Nguydn Ilo Vuong
(/r

9A T'arn DrloVinh Ph:f., Ild M anh Hil.ng,St Y yOn

Nam Hd, TrdnTudn Crtimgg"ITrdn DnngNinh
Nam f)inh, Vu Phang Hd, 8T Bim Son,Thanh

I{6a, Ph4m Trung Kin,9CT Tam Di6.p Ninh

Binh, L? Phti Thdnh, chuyOn L6 Khidt-Qurng
Ngai, Ngrrydz Tturtn Anh tyl Phir Xuy6,n flh Tay.
IId Xtdn Giap 6T. Binr Son Tharr"h iloa, Inc;
Phu,tn?,6ri<.EA iJa; Van l)irn. l:lri Ndi
h) Ddng ti6i'cci rnol .-ir hari trric phaj nhting
sai ldrn cd ban. Ching hirrr :'llir n'/ t,. n i n,
ni ('Su)rran: o(
I : d : h Qvrivi6.t
I{o[c cri ban dat
-.-.-,,
6
+ {,1994 a rlt9i)4 _
:. .(hr','\, + 1) (rl')e4 L1te1)41, ti) dd k6t
luAn s6 A ld hop s6
l)AN(i IIIiN(;,'tt^i'it'
0.1991

6l()()4

.*ei,r,z,zzo.

. Co lbn tai ll-:,t, liht,rig

thfu mrin dang thic

S so

l;hur nhatt a, b, c

{o -a;s +-(b *c)s +(c -oJt = 0

giii.
Ldi
ctia Dod.n lliruh Khoa, B?, NK Vri
_
Thrr, I'hai Binh
Dait.r : o,-br! = 6-1,, z: c-11.=* x *y = -z
P : (r, -b)s + (6 -")s + (c -o).s
,= ;.*5

.ur5 _

(, +y)5

1x3 + ?-x2 y + 2ry2 + yi)

(r
-5ry +y) 1x:2 + xy + y21
lx-yz (x2 * xy + y21

- -5rJ

:
- bxyz [ (, * i), .*)

r:;5

nhi6u

*.(c . a)5 :

Lran giAi duoc

bdi nhy.

loi giAi Ldt : Nguydn 7'hu

I{dng,9T, NK IlSc Ninh ; Phitng Dttc Dung.
9T. NK Bdc Giang, IId Bic. Bili Dang Quang,
Chuy6n Tanr l).io ; Dinh Phutrng Loan, 9A.,
Chuy6rr Vi6t I'ri, Vinh Phii. Nguydn Tudn Anh' ;
9T, Chuy6n V-T Phu Xuy6n ; Dd Anh Tudn, 9,
Chu;.'On V*ll Thudng Tin ; I"t Thonh Nonr ; 98,
Chuydn Qudc Oai. Hd TAy. Dito Thd Vu, 8A,.
C6c ban sarr d6y cci

"1994
l,di giai. Gi&
srl q :
c : g0 I,{: = qctvdi (o,, c,) = 1.
Vi rz.6 = cd neatb : g( t d -n0 tb = t rtl
Vi (o, ,r1) = I - tt i c', tric iA 1l= c, ft

A:

b)s + (b

Nh{n x6t. Rit

Hhi 1'jiz20

thic ab :

GiAng Vo. Ngo Duy Quong. 8A,. GiAng Vo 1l';

l.i

Hodng Atli, 9A,. Gi:ing \tdi Pltctnt Quang

lTinh;9A. tsdVan Dan, Pham Thi'Iliotg,lCT,
Tt Li6ni ; Dd Minh Chdu,91', Chuy6n D6ng
Anh, Ha NOi. ?h Thitnh Dinh,9T, NK Trdn
I'}hf, If Ai Phbng. Dodn llIiruh Khon,8T, NK Vn
T'hu ; ArgizydrL Thi Klmnh l{da ; Phan Tiiu
Htong, 9'I, NK Kien X.rIong, Thdi Binh.
Ngu.,:'inYdn Trung, ET, Trdn DF.ngNinh, Nam
f)inh, Ho L{t1nh l{img, 9'[', NK Y YGn, Narn Hd.
Nguyry Tufin Anh,'1'I' ; Phatt Tlti ThuAn,8T,
NK Bim Sdn ; Ld Ngttc Htng, 9f), NK T'hnnh
phd Thanh }{6a. Nguydn lhd,i B'do,8A, Di6n
XuEn, Di6n ChAu Hd S!,Ng*,9T, NK Vinh,
NghG An. P'hun Thi Thu Hit,9A, NK Huong
San Duong Chi Vinh, EII, NK FId Tinh. i}(}r}2
Tht Xud:n Vinh, 9L, Tnrng Vrrong, D* Nang,
Truong Van Vien, 9T, Le Quy E6n, Long
Khdnh, DdngNai.
;:.

.r(i NGUYE}I

B iT9lnCI. Tim bd ba s6.nguy0n kh6ng dm

r1t
v. .- soo ,'ho.Jx) tS4 : Z.i i4i:
5.r: + 7-l = 3.),r+ 7z) (2.tuaidngx*y*zbnnltdi.

r,

Lid gini NhAn hai

vd cta (1) viri 5, rrla (2)

rdi trr) chring vd vdi v6, dtroc : 48 - ),2 - z2 = (i * 3) g - 3) LSt. Do hiou (;,+e) - (1, - z) = 2:
li sd chin theo (3) tich ctia chung ch6n n6n ci hai
dirir ch6n. Do do, tr) (3), ta cci cqp 6 (y + z ; y - z)
chicd rh6 laQ4;2t ; tt2;4i ; (8; 6). Suy ra cdc
',,6i 3

916

td tudngfngcriar ld 16 ; {-t0

; 4 va b0 ba sd

thda nrsn di6u ki6n cria bAi torin li (4 ; 7 ; t).

NhQn x6t. Crj 157 bei gi6i trong sd dd co

146 bei gitri dung. Lbi giei tdt gdm ca ; Bui

Dang Quarug (9a chuy6n Tanr DAq- Vinh Phri) ;
Iloi.*g Thi IId ([i toan NK Birn Stlrr - Thanh
lrriar ; Ph'.:tn. Trung /riiz (9CT DOng Giao 'lanr Di0p - Iriirrh Binh) ; Dinh Cao eudng (8
ghuyOn QuAng Trach - QuAng Binh) ; Luong
Titn T'hdnh (9 PTNK Marie Curie Hd NOi)
'-' ; Dd

'flq lilba tfAd (PTNK Th6i Nguy6n Bac

Thai) ; Nguyn Khanh llo (kh6ng nu t6n
trrrdng) ;T'ril.n Tdt Dat (8A Chu Van An - Ba

flinh - Hd NOi) ; Nguydn Thi Thanh (9T PTCS

clruy6n - thi xd Th6i Binh) ; Dd Minh ChAu (9"t
Ch:"ry6n DOng Anh

- He Ngi)

nANc vrBN

Bai T4i220. Cho duitng trbn (O) udi hai

(1)

V6i gi& thi6t o, b, c la ba s6 khric nhau thi

A, y * 0,z rc 0n6n tt (1) tathdyp * 0

dubng hinhAB, CD uuOng ggctloi nhau. P litnt6t

didnt bdt hi tren cung nha Ai. N6i Cp, Bp cdt
04 OD tuong tng tai cac didm M, N. Ch*rrg

minh riins tich

# .#

,u

nfit hirng

s6.

s.-trt"

Ldi giai : Goi r li brin kinh dttdng trdn (O)

Tit ctic cep tam giric ddng d4ng (g.g.)

ACAM "^ ACPA vd
LCOM

LCPD, ta c6

CA.

OM

PD.CD

PD . CO

MA--.

CAIA

r.PD

= CA

AE . AF AE.AF
= b.c
S:uu = AB Ac

M4t khricBE td phin gi6c lrel

PA

AM=trvdOM=--Cp-,
do d<i

suy ra

AE

AB

M+EC=

Tuong

sotc

OM ON

,*.*O=

ON

r. PD
CA. PA' BD.PD

*12

= 2r': T suv ra dPcm'

Nhan x6t. C<i 108 bei giai, tdt ci d6u giAi

dung. Cric ban sau diy cti ldi giai tdt : Ngd Hbn-g
Hdi (9D NangKhidu TP Thanh Hda) ; Ngryldn

Khanh Hda-(9 Torin NK Ki6n Xrrong Thrii

Binh) ; Vd Trd.n Nguyaru LOc (9 Todn Chuy6n
I-6 Kidt - QuAng Ng di\ ; Vo Trdn Cuong (8 To6n
- Trdn Dang Ninh - Nam Dinh - Nam F{i) ;
Mai Tilng Son (9 TNK He Tinh) ; Hit Tlwruh
Tilng (9 To6n chuy6n CII Phri Ths) ; La Hu:y
BinE QT - Lam Son - Thanh Hdal. Nguydn
Long Khdnh (9A - Ltiong Van Ch{inh - thi xa
Tuy Hda - Phf Yn) ; Trdn Minh llung (9 to6n
chuy6n Le Khidt - QuAng Ngei)
oANri vtEN

BdiT5t220:
Cho tam gia.c

ABC , bq. dudng

phd.n gid.c trong

cia cd.c g6c A, B,

C cd,t cuc canh
BC, CA, AB cia
tanr gidr lAn luot
d D, D, F. Chrtttg

dibu

kin cdn uir dlt

ddtam. giacABC

IdSDEF: ESnsr'.
Ldi "pi6i :

d'1u

Tac6
4

t{

cri

ab

sst

oc

Snt't' AF Snt,t, AE
t**: AB; sAB(.: AC

+4

Do dti

r.PA
:-BD.PD
r. PA
_:

= BD.cA: BD,
;1

ninh rang

bc

(a +c)(a +b)

(c +a)(o +blbc

srri. = (6 +4(c +o) ;s;' = 1" +aYu

s,ttt; + s trtrt' * s trLt'

Chtorgminh trong 4t, ta ctmg ui

n

Tndd tac6

b.c
a+c

Sot:t' AE . AF
Sattt' o . c
-=
bzc|

Dodti

P=---0

AB+BC

AE AB
AB+AC
AC=---AE:-

TA

ffi = #nu,

sour'
ab(a + b) + bc(b +c) + a.c(a + c)

Nhtr vay srtr-:t =ltou,'khi vd chi khi

o6(a +6) +6c(b +c) +oc(a +c) 3
(a + 6)(b + c)(c +

a)

*4ab (o+b) +bc$*c)*ac(a*c)

=

3 (o

*b

+b) {a +c) (b +c)

(a - c\2 + a $ - d2 *c (a - b)z = Qaa

a:b:e(dpc.m)

NhQn xdt : Gi6Li tdt bei nhy cti c6c ban :

BaJ Van Hudn, gT ChuYOn Lac Son, Hda
Binh, D6 Thi Hba Nhd, PTNK Th6i NguYn,

B5c Thrii, Dirc Manh Thd.ng 98 Chuy6n Vi6t

Tri. BA; Dang Quang 9A Chuy6n Tam DAo.
Vinh Phu, Nguydn L Dung 9, NK Bic Ninh,
Hd B6c, Khic Tudn Viet &At, Phant Thu
Huong 9A, Hdng Bdng. Doitn Tnai Son' 9CT
Chu Van Ah, ttaiPno ng.Trd.n Dai Nghia,9NK
Phu Tien, Hodn.g Xuan Quy, 9NK Thanh Ha,
Trdru Dinh lVgoc, 9T, NK HAi Duong, Hrii
Hrrng, D6 Hoing Dinp, 9 BO t6ng XuAn Mai,
ChtrJng Mi, HA Tdy, Nguydn Kint Cuong 9T
NK KiSn Xuong, Thrii Binh, Nguydn Minh
Hoiti,8A, Chu Van An,Trdn Ky An, Hd.Thdnh
Trung, Etri vidt L1c, Dd Dic Nhd.t Quang, Dao
Phuong Bac, Dd.o Phuong Nam, 8A Bd Van
Ddn, D7 Minh Chdu, 9T Chuyon Dong Anh, Hi
Noi, y, T'rdn. Cttong, Hir Thanh Tudrt, Doitn
Phuong, Trdn Minh Toiin, NguydnVan Trung,
8T , Tran Tttdn Cttitng, Bili Anh Tudn, 9T Trdn
Dang Ninh, Nam Hd, Ddnl. Manh Tudn,8 ANK
Hi'Trung, Phant Thi Thau, 6T NK Nga Son,
Thanh }J.Z,a, LA Dinh Thq,DHSP Yinh, Nguydn'
Thai Bdo TH cdp Ii Di6n XuAn, Di6n ChAu,
NghQ An, Phqm. Thi Thu Hd"-94, NK Hrrong
Sjn,'Ld Thd.nh Nhd.n,9A NK Dric.Ths' Hi
Tinir, Aa Van Thdn, TH Dno DuY Tt, QuAng

Binh, Nguydn Hua Khdnh Minh;911 Nguydn

Tri Ptrudng, Thtla'Ihi6n, Fiu6, VO Trd.n Nguyn
LAc, 9T LO Khi6t, QuAng Ngai, Trd.n'fud,n. Anh.,
8T LO Quy D6n, N ha Trang KhSnh Itr ba, Le Hdi
Larug, 6A Bidn Hd Pleiku, Gia Lai, Nguydn
H aun g I.Qc, TI{PT Le Hdng Phong Ng uy 6n Qu6,:
Minh, THPT IIungVuong, TP Hd Chi Minh.
VU KIM THUY
Ki p ud sd
,

B}ri T61220 : Cho trudc sd nguyAn

nguyaru duorug

atni o <p -

Chrlng minh

7. Gid.sit

ring vdi moi

ciaAtadducriq^li

:)

L6 Hdng Phong

oo

k=0
rr6c nguy6n td g

p.

Ldi giai : Hdu hdt cdc ban d.6u nhfn th6;,

ndu n : 1 thiA = p do dcj kdt lu4n tr6n khOng
diing. Vdy cA'n giA thi6t a > i.
Cdclz

{cii.a ban Cao Thd

hoe Huj

st

vidt dudi dang: P(x)

= orfl(* -r;)

(1)

j:1
Vi o,, > 0 (suy ra tr) gt) nen : n61 gi6 srl
e [-1, 1] Vi = 1, I thi tt (l) ta s6 crj
9

P{1)

*'"i/,tt :
:

h..

I.
(rnodg)'->A
t
suy
ra
a
1
=
. {ay ll
=
=p
grrodq).MdA = 0(rnodrT)n6np i q+a* 7 i p
Di6u nly kh6ng x&y ra vi a * 1 < p.
Cdch 2 (cria ban Doin XuAn Viuh llCT
Qudc hoc Hu6J

Truor hdt ta chrlng rninh riing v6i a > 1 thi

. (a"' - 1 , ali - 1) -= sim'rt) - 1.
Ap clqng di6u ndy ta cci
(eP * 7,sQ*1 - l) = atp,4'1) -^ l.
Tt (1) va (2) suy ra

a(p,,t-1)=l

(rnodq)

. Ndu {q - l,p) = 1 thi6 == f (urodq).l,y luan

nhu fi c6eh 1 ta thdy di6u niy kh6ng xAyra.
VQy (q - 1,p) =p hay q - ti p.
Nhad x6t : C6c ban sau d6y cti ldi 6;iAi t6t :

La Huy Tua lAIl Vinh Phri, Ptwn nTlc ti.nn

11!-) Phan BOi ChAu Ngh6 An, I{d Duy l{trng
11 Trdn Ph* I:IAi Phdng (giii haicach nhu tren)
VinNgoc Quang 10T Larn Son Thanh H6a,Vo

YOn, Phan

Linh

: (1 +.3 + 5 +
0 (3).

.2 o,
+7+f])-(2+ 4+6+8+foi - -5<

= q.nt: J (mod q). Trai r'6i c6ch chon ft. Tr]

Bai torin duoc chdng rurn ,[1,
vip i lr n6np : /z nenp = /r hoAr j,

Met l&6c, iai cd P(1) =

i h.
=
Th8t. vriy ndu m = ht + s. 0 < s < lr thi

ThQt vQy

: o, fl tr -r,) > o (2)

i:

q IA rioc nguy6n td ctia A. Khi dd

(1)
aP=l (ncdq)

Thi Ly 11T Phf

Nam Hn) : GiA srl phrrong

| afs-i = 0 cd 9 nghiQm th\tc11,

i=o
x2tr3tx4tx5tx6,x7,x8,xg. Khi ddPfr) cri thd dugc

r,

*
o'l 1 = I (ruodg) (rilnh i5; Fecura) (2)
Goi h lir s6 nguy6n duong b6 nhdi dd
a,h = i (modg)
Ndu rt N') nri om tr (modg) thi na

as

trinh P(r) =

Anh 11C? Qudc

af -1
o.-1
GiA

pdi'f7 l22O : Clrc_{ an, a2, ar, a6, o,uJ

': :
g)
J,
J,
S,
T,
uit
{a,,"ar,'as,-a7,"arf
f
= l-2, -1, *6, -p, -10) -l. Chtlng ntinh rdng
phuor,cg trinlr anx",* a,{ r{' * o.{" * aorJ +
* arx' * rf' I a S: * a$ + a() = 0 khdng thi cd 9
nghiQm thuc thitic do"an [-1, 1].
Ldi giai @iaLuu Dilc Cd.nh,9A TI{CSNK
Hir Trung - Thanh }J6a; Phqm Minh Drtc,70T
Lam Son - Thanh trl6a; KiEu Vd.n Tj1, 12A CT
DHSP Vinh vi Nguydn. Anh IIoa,10A THPT

I0T

Amstecdam, Pham Van QuOb 10T LO Hdng

Phong, Nam Ha, Nguydn Chi Dung 104
DHTH, Vu Duy Tud.n,10A Hn B6c
DANG HUNG THAN(i

NlAu thudn grrta (2) vn (3) cho ta Dpcm.

Nh$n x6t : tr. C6 rdt nhi6u ban gli ldi giei
cho bii torin. Kh6ng it b4n cho idi giAi sai do da
mic phAi m6t trong cdc sai ldm sau :

c Hidu kh6ng dring kh6i niQm "hai tap hgp

bing nhauf'. Nhi6u bqn cho rirrg tt giA thi6t ctla
bAi rq t.a phAi ed ar,
2i + 1 vA or,*, = -2(j + 1)
Lt =

vi:07(?l)

c N6u ra vn giAi quy6t mQt bii to6n khdi qu6t

mi hii dA ra kh6ng phAi li m6t tnibng hop ri6ng !

c Quan niQm kh6ng dring v6 c4ch t,itrh sd

nghiOm cria m6t da thrtc. Izrh6ngit ban cho rdng
ndn ndi da thilc P(x) cd ri nghidrn thi n nghi6m
dri phrli d6i m6t khric nhau !
c Nin: khdng vitngc6c tinh chdt cd b&n ctra
cci b4n clio ring : V6i
a > b > 0thioc > bd*c > d (!?)
bdt d6ng tiritc. Chfing hpn,

2. Da phdn trongsd c6c ban cho lbi gi&i dung

da giai bdi to6n theo rrrot trong hai cSch sau :
o Stt durrg bdt din-g thrlc Cauchy vd dinh li
Viet cho phuong trinh b0c n.
c St dung tlinh li co b6n vd sd nghiQur cria
da thric vi dinh li Roli.
3. Ngodi cdc ban d5 ndu t6n trongphdn Lbi
giAi, cdc ban sau dAy ctng cd ldi giAi tiit : Ngd

Dtc Duy (12C"1Trdn Phri - HAi Phdng) ; Ngd

Quung ThuQt (12A PTTH Tf K} - Hii Hrtng) ;
Pharu Linh (10T Amstordam - Ha NQi) ;
Nguydn Vu Hung (12D Chuyn ngt - DHQG
HaNQi) ; La Tud,n Anh (l1B CT DHTH He
NQi) ; Phqm Van Qudc (10CT L6 Hdng Phong
- Nam Hd) ; Phitng Tharuh Tilng (l0CT Thi xa

Thai Binh) ; Luu Trudng Huy (LZA PTTH Ba

Dinh, Nga Son, Thanh H<ia) ; L Hodi Nam.,
Truong Cao Dung, Truong Cdng Bang (IOC,

PTTH Birn Son - Thanh Hcia) ; Plmnt Anlt

Tttd,n, Dd Hbng Son, Nguydn Nggc Hung (lOT,
11T Lanr Son - Thanh Hcja) ;Trdn Nant Dung'
Nguydn Hdi Duong, La Van An, Nguydn Xudn
Sorz ( 10CT, 11CT Phan BOi Chdu - Ngh Ant ;
Ngu.ydn Xudn Ttrong (11A CT DHSP Vinh) ;
Tia,n Huu Lttc, Trdn Tlnnlt Ti, Phan Duy
Hilng (10CT, 11CT, 12CT Ddo Duy Tt Q"lng
Binh) ; Nguydn Duc Thdnh, Kibu Phuong Chi
(12A Fidng Linh - He Tinh) ; Nguydn Hoong
Gio.ng (12T Trtrdng Chuy6n L0 Khidt - Qudng
Ngail ; Cao Thd AnA (1lCT Qu6c hoc FIuO ; Ld

Tiieu Phong, Phan Phri D)ng, Plnru Anlt Huy,

Li Anh K/idi (10A,. 1lA, L6 Quy D6n - DA
NAng) ; Ditnt Khanh Hba,Trinh Ai Qu(ic rllT,
12T Luong Ven Ch6nh - Phri Yon) ; L Quang
Nrirl (10CT DHTH TP H6 Chi Minh) ; Nguydn
NhQt Nont (12A, Vung Tau) vA Thoi Minh
Hoimg i 12T, Nguy6n Binh Khi6rl - Vinh Longt'
4. Bang i,tr,long phrlp cria Ldi giAi de trinh
bny 6 trn d5 dang-chdng minh duac hhdng
di.nlt khoi quot sau:
"Ctto N N" ud n * 1 s6,thuc a,, i : 0,n,

thtu ntan d.ibu kin o,,) o, . O. Khi d6

i:

rt

)alt-i - 0 khdng thd co n

tt
nghiQnt thqc (-*, 71"

phuong trinh

i:

(Ban Phung Thanh Tung da dnt ra Bdi to6n

tr6n vi giAi nti bang phuong ph6p st dung dinh

li Roll vd dinh li co bAn v6 s6 nghiOm cria da thfc).

5. Cci m6t ban da d4t ra vd giAi quydt sai Bai
to6n khai qu6t sau : "Cho rz N* vd 2n s6 thuc a,,
i :T,Zn, th6a man d6ng thdi czic di6u kin sau :
2tt

)o, *O;a.,-,> 0udoti.O Vi = Ln.

i1) a, > l, o2r* I < 2n vii a,n ( - 1.

i)

i:

f'(t)
r( 1

0 khdng

thd ccj 2n - | nghiOm thttc".

D5 thdy, Bdi to6n dat ra lA sai ; ching han

v6in:l,al=l,ar:5.

Tuy nhi6n, theo t6i, Biti toaru uila ntt trn

ding ndu ta thay cac di'u
ki|n "n N*", "o.^ , ( 2tt" ttong ing boi coc
dibu kiQn "ru N\{ 1J ", "rr* , 4 2n - 1'. Mot
sd ban da giei quydt d(rng iiiOt s6 truong hop
ri6ng cria Biri todn dting vda n|u.

trd thdnh Bdi toan

NGIIYON KI IA(] MINII

Rei T8/220 . Cho s6 nguy\n d.uong n. Xet cdc

sQ ctuong x, y, z th6a min aiau niei: xi + vJ +
zJ : 1. Tinr gia tri nho nhdt crta bidu thic

xvz L

l-xD,

"

l-vb,

)--,-

l-zl,

llt

Ldi piai tctia aa s6 cdc ban)

Xet Him s6 fitt : t(l ' sznl; / (0, l). Khi dd
f(t) = -12n*l)szn4l ;f(t) = Qe t: -rL-l2n+L
6

Q":!y;:l

- r)')

I
- '----

y(1

2n

(2n +

l) by1,, a 1

-J',')
1
12n + t1t\[2" + t
zn
z\l - 1t:)
xyz
Dodcji__+_j_+-- =
1-zJ'
1-.r)' l-y)'
x2
v2 )--> zz
x1l - xL'y z(l - y'!' ) z(7 - z''1
(r2 +-!y2 +

;,2) . (Zru

l)'l[2"

+t

2n

(zn+\blfzn+t
Ddu

":"

2n
xAy ra khi va chi khi

n : l, x = Y :

v3

v6y, tat cA cdc loi giei glii

v6 toa soan ddu m6i chi giAi quyet dt-toc m6t
phAn cta bdi ra : Tirn giri tri nh6 nhdt cua bidu
itrrtc tl) fng vdi n = 1. Tba soan mong nhAn
dttoc c6c ldi giai hodn chinh cria c6c ban cho c6c
trudng hop rz > 1. Dd la mOt vdn,dd khd, ddi h6i
bidt v6n dung thinh thao c6c ki thuat so sanh
ddi vdi hdm l6i vi hdm l6m trong m6t khoAng
cho tnt6c. Trinh tu giei d<i c<j thd mO tA ngin
gon theo c6c budc sau dAy :
1. Tuydn tinh hria : Ph6t bidu lai bdi todn
Cho s6 ngrry6n n > L. X6t c6c s6 dtrong x, !, z
th6a nr6n dj6u kiOn : r *y * z : l. Tim gia tri
nh6 nhdt ctia bidu thtlc

Nhfn x6t : Nhu

r[,
r: I G n-{--y-+
|
1-{'
-.d'

)tt

> afr,-i:

Chtlngminh rang p t

tt {*) sang (-) qua nghim niy

( r,y, z < 1, thi

ddi ddu

vAy, v6i 0

2.X6thdm sofftt

Ia,
= 1-(','

.i I

-y''

e)

I (0, 1). Khicki

r,,,-1.

f'rtt= tl - /ni -i-o / '* (n - Z) t )

.l
I
l.
f",t,: (t -1n)-'1 -1ft* tt((nj -n)r,-a)
Tinh d6i xrlng : khong Iridt tinh tdng qu6t,
crjthdcoi 1 > x > y > z > O.Ydy x > g> z.
3.

, 1.
f ' ( i) < 0 thi gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cira 7
chi cci thd dat 6 vi tri cttc bi6n (cci it nhdt 1 gi6
tri bang O (z = 0)). Khi dd, bai to6n da cho sO
khOng c6 gin tri nh6 nhdt.
Hi vgng c6c ban s6 cho dttoc ldi giAi chinh
x6c cria bii torln tr6n rlng vdin > 1. Chirc cdc
4. Vdi

ban thdnh

cdng'

ur;,vir.r vnN MArr

Bni T9/220 . xi nieu 1,,, lh, l, i tttu, nL6, ttl, ud
hu, hr. h, tuong ing l?t d6 diLi coc duitng pltdn

2t,:;-.ffi:rw

giac trong, cac duisng trung tuydn.

uit. c6c dudng

dtoc hA fui cac. can h a, b, c cia ntQt tant gidi.
Chung ntinh rirttg
t'tld
nlh
frL,
3

co.o

_+ _ +- _;,_
h6*11, h,*1, hu+1,)Ini #ii (cua da
sd cac ban). Ttt6c
hdt, tA chfng
nrinh nhan x6t
sau dAy : Tlong
tnoi tam g*1

dttong phan gLac

flra 11101 gDC na]lt D
trtrng ppc tao bli "
dulngcao vi dtrdng
trung tuydn ph6t
xudt til cung rn6t
dinh. Di6u d"ci ciing cci nghia

h1

Cnan drrdng

phAn giric (trong) cfia r.ndt gric nim trong doan

n6i ch6.n drrdng cao vi chAn drrdng trrng tuydn
phat xudt tit cung m6t dinh.
Cci nhi6u c6ch cht?ng urinh m6nh d6 ndy.
Sau dAy li rnOt cSch chrlng minh. Dring dridng
trdn ngoai tiSp tam glac ABC, k6o dtrdng phdn
gte:. AP gep drtirng trdn d N, thd thi N ld trung

BC vi do dci MN r BC d trung
M cira canh BC, hay ld : AII ll MN . Suy ra P
nim trongdoan HM vd do dci : AH < Ap < AM,
nghia ld : hu < /, < nr.,
Tr) dd ta drroc -. lt.+ t^ < Zntn
Chring nrinh tuorig ti: hn +in < 2mn
/r. +1. < 2nr.
'.
y
De rAng lt,* l. = ?nL,*h; : l, : nt.,e+
Tanr gizic ArA/rcan d dinliA,. '

cta cung
{iinr
didnr

flLo

Suy ra ,

t\,;i,

hlu

,*vd

hai bdt cl6ng thrlc

n[ia tudng tu. COng vdddi vd cS.cBDT dd, ta dr.roc

hlu

nlb
I __

.nlc

+_ _

Itn*in hr*1,. hu*lu >!-

nth fltr.
l,nlu
Z \ nto flt,
ntol
j
hLu nlb flL,

, 2.3

(Ap dung BDT COsi cho ba s6 drrong)

Ddu
-lA d6u. d&ng thfc xAy ra khi vi ctri Xtri tam gi6c
(Suy tr) c.ic ding thr'tc h, *1, : 2m, (i
= 1, 2, 3)

nt,
- _flt I tll2 ttls nt, * nt , * __
v8
nL2 nt1 nLl nt, * ntr + 27, 1
Nhfn x6t : 1) Crlng cri nhi6u ban st dung
c0ng thrlc tinh dudng trung tuy6n vd dridn[
phdn gidc theo c6c canh cta tam giric
1

m,: ,{I@T1?1 - at >

> {p@-a) (a+b+c=2p)

< \F1p

-r)

2) Cach giAi ndo cung d6u phAi srl dung bdt

ding thrlc Cdsi cho ba sd duong, tuy nhi6n c6ch

giAi n6u tr6n chi srl dung tinh chdt (dinh tinh)
crla c5c drrdng cao, phAn giSc vi trungtuy6'n md
thdi,(hi <1, <m,)
3) C6c ban sau ddy cci ldi giei t.6t Ddo Manlt
Thang,98 chuydn Vi6t Tri, Vinh Phu, Biti Thi
Vdn An h, 9 chuy6n torin. Y YOn, Nam IJiL, Vu
Manh Hilrug, 10 chuyn tol.n, Nguydn Quang
Hdi 12 chuy6n roen PTTH Hung Vuong Vinh
Phir, Ngnydn Thu Th.ity, 10 chuy6n to6n, LO
Hdng Phong Nam Hd, LA Quang Tudn 70A,,
PTTH Hdrn Rdng, Nguy1n Anh Tud.n 7T, Birir

Son, Thanh H6a, D6 Hbn g Soz 10T Lam Son. 1,d

Huy Binh 9T Larr San, Nguydn Hoiti Nant I0A
Nghi LOc l, Dod.n Xudn Vinh 11 todn Qudc hoc
I{116, Ta Huy Cudng , 12M Mari Quyri Hn NOi, Ld
Tud.nAnh,TrilnHdi Son,11 chuy6n to:in DHTH
Ha N6i, Ddnt Kltd.nh Hda,,' 11T, PTTH Lrrong
Ven Chinh, Phri Y6n, Nguydn Ngoc Titng ll
Chuy6n li Ddo Duy Tt, QuAng Binh
N(;LlYIrN DANG PIIA'I

BdiTl0lzz0. Tint dibu hin ntir ti diCn truc

tdnt ABCD phdi tlt6a ntan dd A'B'C'D' lit, ru6t
tti didn dbu, trong d6 A', B', C' uit D' liin htot
'ld. cac didnt ddi xing cila A, B, C uit D qua cac
mQt BCD, CDA, DAB

Ldi giai

ud,

ABC.

Dibu kin ciin. Goi H ld truc tAm cira tr1 di6n

ABCD -I)C L (HAB) *DC I A'B' GO A'B'C
C (HAI)I, mA A B' r C'D ' ndn ndu DC n C'D'
* r! tli A'B' t (DC, C'D) *A'B' t (HDC) nir

AB

t (HDC)-A'B'

VAy ta cd DC

llAB.
llD'C'hodcAB

llA'B'

(1)

tudng ttt : DA ll D'A'hoAc BC ll B'C' (Z)

DB ll D'B'horc CA ll C'A' (3)
K6t hop (1), (2) ve (B) ta duqc : DC ll D'C, ;
DA ll D'A' ; DB ll D'B' (*) hoac AB ll A'B' ; BC
ll B'C' ; CA ll C'A' 1*',
(6 khe nang nta
lbUqchgigngg{gngtU vdi
(*) hoac (*)') (*)
-( ADB, BDC, CDA) e {60'),
60",600) ; (60", 120o, 1200) ; (1200, 60(', 1200) ;
(l20,,, 120]--QQ")L-=
THl. ( ADB, BDC, ^CDA) = (60", 600, 600)
(xem h.1)
Goi K ln hinh chiSu (vuOng gdc) cria C xu6ng

DA-B^. ,--JIi ADC : BDC n6n DK ld ph6n gi6c gcic

mp

ADB. (di6u ndy chrlng minh rdt do_:rgiAn) ma

DK t AB - L DAB cAn tai D rnd ADB = 60(,
* L,DAB ddu, trlong tU nhrt vAy v6i cac L,DBC,
ryQA ta crj k6J-LuAn D.4BQla td di6n d6u TH2.
ADB : 6A.J, BDC : CDA : 120c'. (xem h.2),
tudng tu nhu TH1 ta cringsuy dtroc ADAB d6u
*trungtuydnBM c.0,a LDBA cunglA dudngcao
cria tam gl6c dy BM J- DA mA DA t BC -*
- DA di6u ndy mAu thu6n
AD t BCM;)-QM
I
v6i su ki6n CDA - 1200 > 90o.

a
di6u kin dir (cung cd thd dd ddng nhdn thdy
rrong qu6 trinh di6n tA di6u ki6n cdn).
Nh.Qn xet : l) Chua cri ban nio gi6i dddc tron
ven. Hdu hdt chi tirn qldoc mOt di6u ki6n dti :
AE{:D ln tti rli6n ddu !
2) Bai to6n LrEn dAy ld bii torin tucfng tU trong
hinh hqc khOng gian ctia m6t trong 6 bai to6n
trong ki thi chon hgc sinh gi6i torin ldp 12 toin
qudc, th6ng 3/19$4. (Tarn giAc dtroc thay bang tf

H\ \)
.5;-

j ' -r

diC, t g" tarr, (trl iliQn co c6c dudng cao ddng quy)'
Ndu khdng gi6i hqnABCD li td di6n trrrc tdm thi
bdi todn trd n6n phr?c tap hon rdt nhi6u'

2 tnrdnghqp cdn taj

(*)'A,{BC

ctngtlin

ddn

Bai L11220

ddu, md hinh chiSu cria D xudng

mp A-BC chinh li tflc tdm cdra ArlBC (vi cungld

tdm vdng ngoqi tiSp) n6n D.AtsC lA hinh chdp tam
DD'.
gir{c ddu
-M-BC vd AA?'C' cri cirng tnlc I.i
(xem h.3). Goi O ld tdm cria L,\BC:, tirtnghO tryc
to.a dQ Ory nhu hinh v6. Gqi N lA trung didm cua
BC. DAt ON = 1, OA : 2, Ol) = x> 0.-A (-2, 0)
D(0, x) ; D' (0, -"r) ; N(1' 0) =>
Lr.z 2 6.r
A',/\ - - ----\
trr2'lrxl)

Vi D'A'B'C' ln ttl
truc l.i

OY

n6n ta cri
D,O' = r[2A,O' (trong
' dd o la tam cria
nABf) p1| D'O' =
tu x1x2 + 77
'''1+-r2- Lrx2
. 4r.2
t|O': || -2,
l.
1+r;:

--L

x.lx' +
,),d-

t)

xz+l
-2,
:tl?l---, 4x2
^
I xi-i-11
-l

ox27x4 +14il.2 +49) = 2{t,li4 -161,2 +4).

Datt=r2>0.Tacd

F-LBtz*81/-8:o
tl = 8, tz: 5 + {54; tt = 5 - t[Zn
, =, rl = 2{T, xr= tETlZ4, x.. = d{:{*l
GiAi ra

til

di6n DABC phAi ln m6t brong S loai

trl di6n sau dhy :
- Tri di6n ddu
- Chdp tam gi6c ddu mi ti s6 girra drtdngcao h
'rn b6n kinh B cria drrdng tron ngo+r tidp d6y bing :
h1

nktt h.irvh ua.

Ci.c uQt A, B,

a ftm fuotc6
kh6i luon g
ld.nzr:A,4lq;

!n, = lllg '

m1 = 1h'g'
giiaBub.C:

k=

2) Dibu kiQn d.il: Thr] trtrc ti6p d6 thdy di6u

ki6n vta nrji tr6n dAy (di6u ki0n cdn) cfrng ld

0.3. Ma

sat giil.tr, C ud. sd.n,

ma sd,t d cac rbng rgc duoc

ndi hhOng gid.n. Thti tay hhdi A cho

h+ uqt cltu,ydn d,Qng. Tint gia tdc nt6i uQt.
Iludng rl6n giai. Khi he vAt chuydn dQng v4t

b6

qua.

D1.y

iut xudng, vta bi C keo theo phuong nem

ogang, vi thd dAy treo vnt A b! lch vd phia sau
mOt gr5c a. Yidt phrrong irinh cia dinh ludt
Niuton II cho trlng v6t, vA chidu l6n phrrong nam

A vrla bi

ngang

vi

phrrong th&ng drlng, ta cci

Vdi vAt A

tl)
: ?sina = nltaLx
Tcasa'ttt18 = --nt1l (2')

(? 15 it c cang cria dAY)

Vdi vQt B :T -kmrg =mra,

(3)

Sntlsz
Vdi r,&t C *nt.6 =
\ror-{t3
Ngodi t,-. Q'r: a., + a, (4). ChiSu (4) l6n hai
phrtong, chfyddn tl), (2) vn (3) vhthaysd, rfit
ra tga : 0,3 *d : 16032' . TII dd suy ra
at='l-ad+6 - l'$'lnxld2 = a'r.

Nhfn x6t. tsii

gifri cira cdc etn gtti ddn ddu

kh6ng cci tldy dri ddp sd dting, nguyOn nhin li

kh6ng ph$n tich dtr lgc ttic duhg l6n m6i'rit vd
nd nhdm l6n trong ph6P tinh sd
MAI ANI-I

U:n=i.lu+2r[6
8

uq.t

ttttcc b6 tri

HQ sd nta sd.t

drQn ddu c<i

VAy

.He

ntiu th*5n'

Bi;it 2fi2A. Ampe kd chi 2A. Tinh Erud' sd

chi

uOn hd.

R4=

Er=/tY

lr=44

?rong hOp kin cd

1 di6n trd l? = 1Q
1 ngu6n di6n c<i
sdd E, vd di6n trd
trong

r, =

E". / !(

3Q

Flrrdng d6n gidi

Vi da khiLng dinh trong h6p kin cd ngudn
E, vd di6n trd.E, n6n (chu y rdngErkh6ng thd
cri sdd qu6 l6n) crj thd cd cdc trrrdng hgp : E,
mic ndi tidp vdi R vit E, mic song song v6i .R.
Ap dung dinh luAt 0m so thdy cti 3 trudng hgp

Er=Jl{
E,

sau ddy

"22tr/

MAI ANLI

Hec tees - tee6

Thdi gian ldm hdi; 150 phf t (ktt\ttg
NApt

Ngdy thi : 26110llees (Sing)

B&i I Tdn t4i bao nlriOu b6 ba cric s6 ttr nhi6n
sao cho tich hai sd bdt ki trong chring c6ng vdi
1 ld s6 chinh phuong.
Bdi 2 GiAr phriong trinh

lrlfir*r'-x2-3+b[Z

=x2
lrlf"iz +L +x2 +s -yr[,
B&iS Chon < 6 < cvl.a *b * c :0. Chfng

rninh ring bdt phrrong trinh os * by + cz < A

kh6ng cci nghidrnn < y < e.
Bdi 4 Cho ngu giric l6i ABCDE cd canh ;lB
vudnggcic v6i canh CD, ebncanh BC vu6nggcic

vdi c?nh DE. Chrlng minh ring ndu AB

:ED:1,thiBC"lCD<1

AE

Fd5Phuongtrinhr2+ra *6 =
thrrc kh:ic nhau. Chr?ngrninh ringphuongtrinh
x4 + ax3 + (b - 21xz - ox * !: 0ccibdn nghi6m
thuc khdc nhau.
g cd hai nghinr

Ngny thi t 26lfil1ees (Chibu)

Bdi I Kh6ng dirng bing sd vi rndy tinh, hay
so sdnh hai sti sau

+dB
+
2tl2 {3 +\/5
__L

3-{5
2rl2-{3-{5

kii chdp rtb)

+{1

-{1

3{U+fi*m s,[r-Wtr
Biti 2 Hey viSt phuong trinh b4c hai d4ng
i2 + px * q : 0. Bi6t rang phrrong trinh cd
nghiQm nguy6n, c6c h6 s6p, q d6u nguy6n

p+q+ 1 = 1993.
Bd,i 3

Dath(tc Pk) cd cic

hG sd

vi

d6u nguy6n

ra sd hangtu do ldor.

Tim or, biSt rlng l r"l < 1000 vd P(19) :

= P(94) : 1994
Btti 4 Td gi6c ABCD c<j hai drrdng ch6o
vu6ng g6cvdi nhau vi cit nhau tai P. Goi M li
trung didrn cira doan thing AD, dO ddi doan

thing CM

bdng

f.

Khoang cdch tir clidm P tldn

doan tlr&ngBC bing

|"ua, = 1. Bidt rdng trl

gec ABCD nQi iidp trong d.rrdng trbn. Tinh s6

tri

cdra

bidu thr?c

cosza
I *='i-.
I.r d d6,v ct --\
* I Zsrna
= ACB.
Zl
sinta \ --;NGUYEN DE

(Hdi Phbng)

AB : c,
BC = a, CA : b. Chfng minh rang
oz(t - ,[,cotgl1 + b20 - ,{ScotgB) +
+.2(1 -,{ScotgC)>A
BiLi TSl224 : Tam gi6c ABC

c<i

RA

KI I'{AY

CAC LOP TTICS

Bdi Tll224: Tim cdc chtr s6 kh6c kh6ng
b, c th6a rrrAn

]'I<AN DIJY I IINI

(llitth I)inlt)

B,diTgl224: Cho A ABC, a, b, c theo thf tu

la dO dai cdc c4nh BC, CA, AB. R, r theo thf ttl
la ban kinh c6c dudng trbn ngoai ti6p vd n6i

o,

abbc:abxacxT
DAO VIE'f KIlANll
rl hai llinht

tidp. Chrl'ng rninh ring

r
-+
R

R,aiT2l224: Cho o, b, c, d a Z uit nL. n e N*

nz., n kh6ng phAi ld s6 chinh phuong. Chrl'ng
minh rang didu ki6n cdn vd dri dd

ma

16R2

: Cho trj di6n ddu ABCD cd

In O. Dtidng thing d quay
vd
tArn
li
2
canh

DINIT VAN'IIILIY
(ildi phdry)

quanh O. GoiA', B', C',D' ldn Idot la hinh chidu

criaA, B, C, D xu6ng d. Tim tdt ch c5c vi tri cria
d sao cho tdng oA'a + oB'4 + oC'1 + oD'4 dat
gi6 tri l6n nhdt.

'fRINll BAN(; C;lANt;

IP ltb ('ht Miilh)

lth ('hi Mirth)

c6n tai A
ABC
Bdi T41224: Cho tam
(AB : AC) . Tt B kd BM r AC. Chtlng minh rang :
("1'P

gsdc

,AB. I
=' \rd-

cAc oii vAt

IIO QTJNN(; VINII

1Nvlt.' lrt )
B.diT5l224: Cho hai hinh chtl nhAt cci chu
vi bangnhau. MOt hinh cd cdc canh duoc td mdu
d6, hinh kia cci c6c c4nh drioc tO rndu xanh.
Ngridi ta chdng hai hinh l6n nhau sao cho phdn

[r]'

[r,,+r

z"oJ!
I

er,,

"U {

,,,},1:

,,

th6a mdn

B':-a)c
Bu:o
Er:Br,*az'

Yn=1,2,3,...
1

Tim lim r,,.

/l++e

NCiI.]YEN 1]IIANH IIAI

(IId N0i)

B,ni T7 1224 : Tirn tdt cd cicda thrlc P(x)

cac hO s6 thrrc, th6a tndn :

vli

p(x3+1):P3(r)+1 Vr RvdP(0) = 0

10

(Hinh vO). Thanh crj chi6u ddi l.

d6ng vdi vin t6c khdng ddi u,,.
chuydn
B
Ddu
H6y xric dinh phuong, chi6u vi d6 ldn cira v6c
td van tdc vA v6c to gia tdc cria trung didm C
tai thdi didnt thanh lirn v6i canh thing drlng
n:6t gcic a.
lO clnNr;
llld L'ni)
Bldi LZl224: Mdt khung ddy si6u ddn hinh
vuOng, canh o, khdi lrrong nt, ddt nim ngang
trong tit trrrdng khOng ddu theo quy luAt
crta g6c vuOng

l6p rucn

F;di'161224: Cho day

li

B,ieiLllzz4: ThanhAB trudt tren hai canh

giao cria chring li mOt hinh bat gi6c, Chrlng

nrinh ring hinh b6t gi6c c5 tdng dd dii 4 canh
mdu d6 bang tdng d6 dai 4 canh urdu xanh.
NGI.JYF-N MIN}IIIA
llldi l'lu\ttg)

cAc

Brdi T1Ol224

FiinT}nz4: GiAi phtrongtrinh nghiOm nguy6n

r(, + 8r3 + llx2 + 28x + 12 + 3y2 : o
N(;tJYliN l)lr(' lnN

MC

*,

I)AO'I'RTT()N(; GIANG
(l7nh l'hti)

d,tfn

..

AM

(a-b)2+(b-c'2+(c-a)2

a + b{m : c * d{nld

I a:c
:
1b,[i

Khungcci dd tg cAm L, kh6ngbidn dang. Ban

ddu, tAm cria khung trung vdi g5c toa d6, cdc
c4nh ctia khung song song vdi cdc truc Ox, Oy.
Khung drroc th6 trJ do vd trong khung kh6ng c<i
ddng di6n. X6t chuydn d0ng cira khung sau khi
rhe.

TITAN XUAN DANG

l'r<AN vAN pONc

(Natt Hd)

T'hien

('fhta

* lltti)

PROBLEMS IN TTIIS ISSUE

Iror Upper Secondary Schrxlls.

TGl224. The sequence
1

For [,<rwer Secondary Schrxlls.

defined by

Tll224. Find three digits o, 6, c, distinct

,bb":aAxacxT

T71224. Find all polynomials P(x) with real

coeffi cients satisfying

a+bt[nt:c+dtln
LI - o:,: al[n
l'tlnt
T31224. Find integral solutions of

* t) = P3(x) *
Jrlrt
lPror = o

if arru
rr
and onlv
urrrJ if
rr

equation

+ 8x3 + llx2 + 28x + !2 * Byz = g.

T4l224.Let BM be the altitude issued from
B of an isosceles triangleABC, AB : AC. Prove
that
x6

AM
_.,
_

Vn:1,2,3,...
I

Detenrrine,,l: r,,

T21224. L,et a, b, c, d e Z and nt.n N* and

suppose that nt and n are not perfect squares.

Prove that

[ ,.
2cos!
"-J= ----g
]
rt = fu,, [r,,

fronr 0, such that

i"

""I;: n

I,AB.\-I _

1
MC -' \nC)
T51224. Two rectangles

BC

TBl224. The sides of triangle ABC are AB =

: a, CA: b. Prove that :

perimeter, the sides of one are colored red, the

sides of the other are colored blue, are placed
one upon the other so that the intersection is
an octagon. Prove that the sum ofthe lengths
of four red sides of the octagon is equal to thilt
of four its blue sides.

c,

aLO - {ScotgA\ + b2G - {qcotgB1 +

+ c2(1 - rlScotgC) > 0,
Tgl224. a, b, c are the sides of triangle ABC,

R and r are respectively the radii of its

circumcircle and incircle. Prove that

nsame

R,

with

1 vr

(o-b)2+(b -c12+(c-a)z 1
<2

**z

TlOl224.Let be gi;;; . regular tetrahedron

with side o and center O and o moving line d
passing through O. Let A', B', C', D' be
respectively the orthogonal projections of A, B,
C, D ond. Find all positions of d so that the sum

OA'4+OB'4+OC,4+OD,4
altains its greatest value.

0t* ttoa,t tuA?o t+c

N@uwGN u[

effi ffmEUN mudc

Chuy6n kd ring vA.o m6t ngiy chrta xtla, chtra

xda cci mOt nhA to6n hoc vi m6t nhi vdt li.

Iini

Thtra ngdi

- Nhd toin

hoc h6i

Ngai

s6

gi dd dun s6i drtoc mdt dm ntt6c, neu tntdc

mat ngii Id m6t chiSc drn r6ng kh6ng vd m6t
chidc bdp ga nguQi lanh ?
- That don giin I - Nhd vat fi tre ldi - Trtrdc
hdt. cdn dd nudc vio dAy dnr, sau dci phdi chdm
Irra cho b6p ga, rdi dat aur nuoc l6n trn bdp ga
dang chdy.

- Rdt dring ! Vd bAy gid, ngii hay giAi tidp

bai to6n sau : "Cci mdt chiSc dm drrng ddy nudc
ndm c4nh m6t chidc bdp ga dangchriy. H6i phAi
Iarn gi dd dun s6i dtroc 5m nu6c ?"

- O, di6u ndy cbn don giAn hon ! 'Ia chi viOc

dat dm nuoc l6n tr6n chidc bdp ga, thua ngdi !
- Kh6ng phAi thd ! KhOng phni thd ! - Nha
todn hoc thdt len - Tru6c hdt, ngdi cdn tdt chidc
bdp ga dang ch5'y, tidp theo phei dd hdt ntl6c ra
kh6i dm doi cho bdp ga ngu6i lanh vi khi d<i ngdi
sE di ddn tinh hu6ng ban ddu mir chung ta da
bidt czich giAi quyet...
Nghe ncii, chinh tr] cAu chuyOn tr6n md, ngdy
nay, khi drra mdt bdi torin mdi vd c5.c bii todn
di drroc giAi trttdc dri nhtng ngudi lAur toan
thudng dua mi bAo rang, ho dang rip dung
"nguy6n li cdi drrr dun nu6c".
N.K.M. (suu tiint.).
11

tii
nru TCIffi IIil otThlrlc ToeT $lloc Tn
ffi,1 Cm CAC
.

LAN THU 36TAl TORONTO (CANADA)

CAu 1. (Bulgari) Cho A, B, C u-it D la bdn
didm phd.n bietlrerc mQt d,uitng tn&1.S.ud dxqc
tii iiu|itt ,i tit d6. Cd'c d.udngiritn d'iang kinh
lb ua BD cat nhau tai cd.c didm Xutt'Y. Dxitng
thd;; xv cdt BC tai'2. ch,o P l?t ntqt d'idm trcn'
iiaie tnans XY khd,c Z- Dubng thd'n'g CP c6't
d.xdn"g trbn duitng L<,inh AC tgi C uit-M, dudng
th&ni BP cat dubne trbn duitrtg kinh BD tai B
ua rt Chrtng ntinh-ritng cdc duitttg thang AM,
DN uir XY dbng quY.
Giii (Nguy6n Thd Phrrong).
a) X6t trulng hgP P * X, P * Y.
Do XY lA tr$c ding phuong c{ra hai dirdng

AC vd BD
!r,Ln drrirttg- Uoh
PM . PC = PN. PB (1)
Ddrig thdi XY r AD k6o theo L PZD :

n'an

90o'

XY = {1(}. Vi M naur tr6n dudng

AC n6n Z AMC = 90o vi
kinh
diiiing
trbn
L KMC = 90'. YIy L KMC = L KZC : 90o'
Suy ra b6n didur K, M, C, Z cir,.g thudc mdt
dubng trbn (goi drrdng tron dd Ia (u)).
Tacd:
{lrtp|} =-PtuI .Po, {If pl(u)} = PK.PZ
Suv ra
Q)
PI{.PC: PK.PZ
Tddns tu, niru DN!.(!--5 {f<'} thi
GiA strAltd O

FN.pa : Pr( .PZ_

_(Q).-

Tt (1), (2) va (3) ta cd PK . PZ : PI{ ' PZ'

DoP * Z ndn K' = K.Y4y AM,DN, XYddng quY.
b) TrudnghqpP = ](.Ifti d6 M = XvlN : X'
Do vAy AM, DN vd XYd6ng quY'
c) Trudng hgp P = Y dtlqc x6t tuong tU b)
NhAn xet. CA 6 ban trong dOi tuydn d6u c<i
ldi giAi dring vi d6u clat didm tdi da (7 didm).
Cau 2. (I,lg a) Gii sit a, b u d c l* cdc sd tlt49 d uortg
thtn. nfin ai.eu teien obc : 7. Chrtng m.inh. rastg

y2 x2 ,x1.1,*2,
xZ
y+z z*x Y+? \ o /
x +.-"_v -t----rz ' >. 33
-1 l'
- -

^\y"r-iir'x+Y)

'?.?

: -

nau aing thtlc xA}' ra khi "i chi khi t: = y c6c

= z = lhay; = b ="c = l. NhQn x1t.\asdthrlc
hd.!
dung
6p
ddu
Uarl trone dOi tuydn
$eng
Cb-"i adgrai ndi nAy vd he., dat didn-r.tdi da'
MQt <Ii6u iat g *gr"-nhi6n' ld c<j rdt nhi6u hoc
mQt Iei doi tuydn m4nh da khong giAi
uinf,
"
"t
drioc bii niy.
ba., S. (-Czeslt). Xac rl.inh tdt cA cdc sd n'guy'in
n > 3 saa cllo tbn tai rt d.idnt' A1, A2,..., Antrorug
ntQt phong uit, cd'c sd tLutc r,. r2t...t r,, thfu nr'att
hai dibu hin, sau
(i) khe,ng co 3 didnt n'do tron'g sd'
A1, A2,..., A,,thang ltitrtg
(ii)\'/6i n$ibO i,j, k (1 < i <j < k < n) cdc !'ont
gidc AlfA*c6 dia.n ichbangr, * r, * ro'
Gidi (Dao HAi Long).
'Ta th{y n = 4 th6a mdr: c6c tinh chdt (i) v}r
(ii) ctra bai ra' ThAt vdy, chi cdn chon 4 didrn
iu Ar, A3, A4le 4 dinh cria hinh vu6ng c4nh
1 vA b6 4 s6 11

i : l, 2,3, 4. Ta chfng
: ;,.i

minh ru > 5 kh6ug th6a m6n c6c di6u ki6n ctia

bdi to6n. Ta thd"y ngay, chi c6'u x6t trubng hop
n = 5lb,du. Ta cri cdc nhAn x6t sau dAy'
Nx 1. N6-u 4 didm A;, Ai, Ak, A1 ld 4 dinh
ctra trl giSc ldi Alf#,thi r, + rn = rt * r,'
Thqt v6y, theo giA thi6t, tI] hO thrlc (xent
hinh va)
A

1113
+") ' 631a + o) c3(o +b) 2
"\b
Gi6i (Ph4m Quang Tudn)'
11
D5t- x, | = y, ; : z,th\x>0.Y>0,
,d

z > A. xrz = l. Theo bdt d&ng thfc giita trung

binh cQng va trung binh nhdn thi
rZ
x *y * z >- 3uit.
-* . n

i?.

Khi dd bdt dirng thfic cdn chrlng rninh cd d4ng

')
)
3_
zZ >;(l)
Y,
*-.
*
-*'
z*x x+Y
y+z
"XirOng
mdt tinh tdng qu6t c<j thd enix 2 y )
Y, -:- 7 g'
>-z>O.Klidd,n+,
'- , z+x
' x-rJ

Do v6y, theo bdt

t2

ling

thrlc Tr6bus6p thi

Ai

As

s(A/yA1): s(Alf)
'(AffO+
* r, * ru *,t =
*
ru
ta c6 r, * r,
r,*r,*r1*ro*r,*r1
}Jayr,*rk=,j *rr

s(AyAf)

Nx2. Ndu A, nam b6n trong tam gi6c

thi3rr*r,*r,*r*:Q

A#r

xi

2r
-l*r,_t=u, *ovl=1,2,...,

Ta cri

(AAA|

{Aff )

+ s{Aya,,A) =

s(Apa,yA,p)

Hayr,* rO* r,1 r,* r,* r,* rr* r,* r, = r,* r,*
Tt day ta cci ngay h6 thrlc cdn chrlng minh.

ro

Trd lai bdi torin

X6t bao l6i cria 5 didm .41, ..., Ar. C6 c6c
trudng hop sau diy :
1) Bao l6i li tam Sra. Aifi.fi, cdn Ai, Ai2
n6m trong tam giric dci. Theo Nx2, thi

3rr,*rr..*rrn*rt=0
3"r, *'r.. *',r* t, = o

(i)

3,,,

*2r,r*2r,0*2r,r=

va ddn ddn di6u v6

s(Ai,A;y'i.,) + t(Ai

li,Ai

o)

+ s(A,.A,y',.) +

+s(l.,..4;/.;,) = 0,
2) Bao l6i la td *ac A,;A,;,A,lt
A,, nim
"a
trong trl g16cd6. Kh6ng mdt tinh tdng qurit, coi
A,, thu6c LAili.Aio. Khi dd theo Nxl,'

3) Bao ldi ln ngu

gt6,c

AiAA#y',. Do ca,c trt

lA tf giric ldi, nn

Ar\AaA, vd Aya3AaA5
rl *.+ = ra * r.l

TrfOng ttI, s6 cri

tl=t2=13=14:f-5
Ye,y s{ArA,A,) : s(A,Aro*) = s(A,ArA-r)
viAj, A* A, thing hAng (v6 li). K6t luAn :z
-5.

NhQn x6t. C6c kran khric trong d6i tuydn

ddu giAi theo phrrong phep tudng Lu. Ran Cao
Van Hanh dat 517 (vi xet thi6'u trtrdng hgp), czic
ban kh:ic ddu dat didnr tfii da.
C6,u 4. (Ba Lad Tint gia tri lon rlhd.t cio
x,, dii tbn tqi day cac so tlt4c cluong
x

p...t *

try.,s

i) x,,

ii)

-,r *

x,I

thfu ntan 2 diiu ki1n

xlg95

2
xi _t

i = 1, 2, ..., 1995.
Giii (Cao Van

2x,
,

r=

,.

tlxi+
l/j',,, Ztti+df;,+r
=
[r, *, = 2n,xi + I = zil&-m. = /r, 4 r{i
Tt giA thiSt quy n4p

[n, e -i,-i+1,...,i-1
J'

lnr,

suy ra

-1,

*, e { -i -

1,

-i, ...,i }

frri*r{-1,1J

rr*ro=rJ*..i='t=t:

x,,,

*,-,

Ir
lxi+t= oxi

tr,

gr6c

1, 2, ..., lggb.

{ -i, -i + 1,..., -1,0, 1, ...,, - 1J , (*)

nr,{-1, 1} , vi=1,2,..., lggs

lni
1,,

',r*',r= *'r,l
*tr, - tr, *',rl - 'i'-'i'
',,

Vi =

ni e

li sau

Ta se cLdng minh c6ng thrlc

xi = 2i'd)';

*l

(2)

It*

l*'-

(1) vn (2) keo theo

3'r,

ra

suy

[- Z*i-l
l*i -1-

1995

+ luointoi
,.i

Hanh).
Xdt day I 11] 1?50 th6a man cA hai di6u ki6n
(i) va (ii). T,) gie thi6l

Vfy khing dinh dfng vdi i + 1.

DatT = max il i = 1, ..., 1995; xi : 2,,art)
D6'y ring chi seiT lu6n lu6n tdn tai. Ta x6t hai
khi nAng
l)j: 1995: Khiddxlees : Z'trwtxf,t = x,,.
Vqy xZ - 2nree' g 2lee4 hay xu < 2ee7. Ddu
ding thfc xAy ra khi r; = 2-ix,,Vi : 1,2, ...,
1994 vn ,o,)s : ,1,;,)q.
.

j < 1995:

Khi

ldn ddi
ddu cira ddy nt.,,, nllt ...r *rr).)sld m6t sd chin
(tfc ln tdn tai m6t sd chin cric cap sd (x1 _ x),
D

dci

DL

t,)ss

1 vA s6

1,

i : l, ..., 1995 sao cho x, = r;1 1).

Ndur, - r,1, thiru, _ rvi,n,cr)ngtinhch6n
ld, cbn

n6u-r,

= Z *, _, thi ru, _ ,vdn,khric tinh

chin 16. Do dri ze,, vti n 1,7e5 khric tinh chin 16, di6u
dri nrAu thudn vdi giA thidt r,.rr-5 - 2nt<)e5*,,
(n
te,)s = no = 0). VAy khA nang 2) kh6ngxAy ra.
K6t luAn : Giri tri l6n nhdt cliLax,,bdng2eot.
x6t. Cdc ban khd.c d6u giAi theo phtrong
{han
phrip tuong ttl vi d6u dat didm t6i da.
CAu 5. (New Zealand) Cho ABCDEF ldnt1t
luc gtaqlbi c,AB : BC : CD, DE - EF - FA
ua BCD = EFA = 60". Cho G uit. H lit 2 didm.
13

ndnt

bart.

trong

: l:l(I'. ('hing

lttc gi(tc sao

clto iCE

rttinh riittg
+ GIT + DIl + HE
+
GB
AG
GiAi (Nguv6n The Trung).

= 6ITE :

>'-

CF

Ta chrlng rninh Bd d6 sau : Cho tam gidc d6u

ABC nli t,i6p t,rong duirng trbn tAn'r O vi-M li

nr6t didm ti6n cuig nh6 llC' thi MA -- h'tB +
Mil. 'fuat vAy, kiyN trQnAM sao cho Mli = MI]
thi ,Blrt = tilv{ ia t dnrr = L htl}C. Stry ra
AABN : A CB.Atr. VayAl/ : CM vi do dciAl'l{ :
: AN {"NM = CM + BM. Trd l+i bhi t,oan :
TI BC : (-:D L T}CD = 60.,suY ra BD = BC =
: AB. Trrong trr, tr) EF = tr'A, 1- EFA : {i0" suy
ru AE = Eb- : DE.Yey BE ld truc d6i xirng crj'a
It gi6c ABDE.Ld7, I{ d6i xtlng vdi C, L d6i xrlng
v6i I qua Bli thi hai lur: gi6c ABCD,Efr' vit
D]]KAEL Ii Anh cila nhau qua phdp ddi xf ng
tr6n vd vi r.i;,, KI- : C?. \t AKB, DEi, li crl,:
t.anr gi6c ddu vd L AGB = /- DIf E = 12C'r n6n
theo Bd d6 tr6n t,hi
KG = AG .+ GB , HL = DI! +"1{l::
Ilo dci AG + GB + GIl + DH + EH :

=KG+GII+HI->KL
Gll + DIt + IIE > CF'
Diiu dtrng thirc xAy ra khi K G, fl t thang hang.

ha.r'AG + GII +

Nhdn xet. Tdt cfr c6c ban trong ddi tuydn

d6u giAi dring vd bang phrronC phap tuchg tu.

Lnn) Cho p lir nrQt s(i nguyn t6 li.

Liu
Tint s6 cac td.p con A cita tQp hqp I I , Z, .. ., Zp j ,
bidt rilng :
(i t A chia dting p phhn ti
fii) Tdng tdt cd car phdn ti cia A chta hdt
6 (Bo.

cho p.

Giei (Ng6 Dic Tuan).

V6i rrr6i i = 1...,p, dAt A, : { (a;, ,.., o.,,)
khdng c6 t hf t.u vili ai { 1 , ..., 2pl ,
al {- ... * an chia hdt cho p vA trong bi:
(a1, .,., ar) cci dring mOt s6 xudt hi6n i ldn, cAc
s6 cdn lai xudt hi6n dring mdt ldn).
Khi dri A, chinh le tdp con A cita \1, ...,2p).
thria nial (i) A chrlap phdn trl
(ii) tdng cdc phdn tr? cira A chia het cho p.
I"i hi6u

tr],\

bang cdch trong m6i bO

i( 1_i ..., or,)) Ioai I sd gi6ng nhau, t : 7, .'., P'
{ la tap nhdn t,i A, bing r.ich trong m6i b0
(a1, ..., an) Ioa I - 1 sd i gidng nhau' z : 2, ...,P.
A, lA tAp nhan

Khi

cld

*tA, ,,l :r(::,) i:2. ,p-l

\P-rr
(1)
Jllo,l
+lA,l :r(r':,) ,=,
]nln,f
' Tlrat vay, xit cAc bo (kh6ng thri t\r)
(h1, ".., bu-i), bi * b., v6i i * i Dat
S : br +... + bF-i.Khi ddtdn+aiduynhdt
0 < r <p saochos*lr = 0 (modp). Do vfly, ndu
th6m vSo b0 (br, ..., bn -;) i s6 r hoac i s6p * r
thi ta se drloc rn6t bQ gdm P sd mh

t4

(i) ni6i s6 d:u thudc { 1 , 2, " ,2P\

(ii) tdng t:ira P sd chia hel cho P
(iii) r:cj Jting n-,t)t .'6 xudt hi6n i ldn- hor.rc i + 1
lan.-nhu thuotl '.'ao r'i-'r: t'6n tai hay L:h6ng tdn
tall'e{1" 1,-,1dil}r = rhaYh, - P + r'
c6c s6 kliric chi xudt hii'n dung mirt lAn Sau
nhrio todn l' nhri vA.v t,hi t:Ac bir ddu se thu6c
[, L a, * ,', Ba5' gio ia t inh sci lap cria c'1c bd san
phep todn /:
' f,t \/oi i = I t,hi rrr6i b6 iliudcA, drroclApTr
idn, c6c l:6 thu6cA, chi lap I tdn.
2) voi i e \2, ..., p '1) ihi cAc b(r d6u lap
dfng nrdt lAn
Vi vAy sd b0 sinh ra nho I khong vddt qua
to'ng s0'pt rir', t u t'ua nri nhAn voi s6 lap

lrttu'-''
1 ",)

i-

+lA,l.

=r',lA,l

i+)

+1A,. 1l.r=2
s
(
lz
It 'p^"!.1
-]r lA,l

Ilon

l
....p .-

eic phdn tr', ciia A, va {.

nrta.

, ddu

p - i sd ct6i m6t khdc nha11.1i6n ln6i b6 srj

xudt hi6n trong A, vA t,rong {*, khOng qttri 2
ldn. Vn"y
gdrn

ll\l + lAl;i < 2 (r'!r)

[PlA'l i :
vilql = Jlo,l
i:2, , p
:
i:
1, .., p - 1.
14*,1 lql
>lAil*1,\,
ili--J .p-J
' r'
. frlio-,)
i ' p-1.'
'2o
nenl
, +lr.: i=l
a1,lA,l
1

t,
'

lz(,.,"Ii1

(') i'a r*{ t cho tl1 1 1 r \':'.rY

(plArl + lArl) (lo,.l

lA.,l ) + ..
,*
... +(*ly'(lAp - ,l+1,4,,1 1=)t-l t*'z(-'1,7
,

a),

l,-

nop

id: n6ri

no iA,,l

plArl-lA,,l
''-r)'=){*1)i+rzi2}i'l
tp-11

!,

2p nOn sd tap con cdn

lA,l = l"l, (r,

\

p_l
+

)r-r)i"

t-

t2

tinh bnrrg
9^

("I,i)
r'

'

Dd y rang

p-l

2?,

,
_l
2 )1-r.1i* Itp-.t,r
t

i:

,2I"

\
\ p/

- L

Do drj s6 tdp r:on clin tinh hang

i2p',, -.2
1
2n,
]l_::
r*
lArl=;(2r+(r,7 -e\
-)
p

Nh+n x6t. Clhi cri hai ban Ngd D6c Tudn vd

Ddo I{Ai Long giAi drroc bai 6.
N(iIIYi'N VNN MAII

Dinh eho cdr ban chuf,n hi thi vio ilai hoc

14*?,t

fuIff RC NG CAC BAT DA T{G TH LTC

r"ffi,,)*,,ti,l'l':
. _'la.tla gqrp (,ac frrit rcing tltrdr nhu brit rJring
thric Caut'hy. Bunhiacoirski.' Becnuili. Jenst,n,

fi l, , 0 non ta suy ra t,+icr't'1!,< 1c,i *cb)

T'rbtts6p, hgm
t6i
xin
th.i6u
cach
gi6i
nrd rOng- nr6t sd33f_9h3ng
bht.danf thrl'c t[ cac bii torin khi i thay ddi til 1 dd.n n ta cd chl<rc n bdt ding
thrlc c6ng tilng vd n bdt ding tht1c cing chi6I
thi vio ilai
IIai ho6
hoc c,lc
cac tinh n:ri6n
n:ri61 Nam
Nam.
Iliti s6 7 : Cho .y, J, z e [0, 11. Chr?ng minh dri tas6 Crj
ib(
-r,lru
bdt dang thrlc
rL r-61c
(crr
+c -'r,jr..u
*..c -.rnnr\
l)
\L IL*c{:*..
) < n&
\(
'.. *ctn)
'( n/ *ca

(zx + zv + Z?)(z-x + z*v + 2-,)

,:?,":lf
* c(n) ud ru a'b 1c -r r * c -.r:*... ":-9-.":i:
(crr *cr:*... iT.q3i:-::"-:.nr-:\i,:
*c -..n) ta
= 8
(Db thi uito DHBK 1990) crf2rftar1+f11-3"r;y"a+-r1r-., +c-.'r.ic--"tE
Ini gler
ldr
siai
(c{r*ct: 1-...+c,,) n ru+b1s-yt}c'-r:*...*c=.{n) e)
._2. ._
:2Y.,c :z3bdt,<Iingthrlc
phAi
Tt il) v.i (2) ta se ccj
.
_D+t a.:-2x,b
"
chrlng nrinh tdong <lrrong v6i :
,, .." '|t cYz
r \.
-y * .. . * crn)x
4(crr
81
(c' +6 +c)(lla l- l/b + 1/c) <;
v6i *"urb1c-'xr *g:r,+...-fc-.rn) ( ln.(cu+i,112
a, lt, c e.ll,2)
Viy ta duoc bdl d&ng thric ph6i chfng minh li
Xet tarn thdc fi.rr = .rl - llr + 2 co nshidrn sO
[n(c'+chil]
c * [1.2] non f,o, < 0llYOr'< 0; (cLr *cr::*...
(c-'* lc-1. +
*.. .fctn)
fc'n)(c-(l
l. 2<ViO.orb.
Su,y ra
4"a rb
fb)
Biti sd 2 : Cho 4 drrcrng o, b, c th6a
lnt -ilo+2<0.+o+2a<B
111I
]o: - ea + 2 < o =+ 6 + 2ib < B =5
i {; + 1+6 + I +7 + f +; > 3
*
+
+
&
2
<
o
2r' < B
=+ c
\l.:
Chtlng nrinh bat ding thrlc ubc,f <
2
,2
2.
(a + b + (i *
fi
*;)
<
9
t
"l
Liti gidi
Theo hdt ding thfc Carrchy ta cci
,

9>(n+h+c)+(?*?
'a

2
+-)
c

22
c)(- *;

, r{r".,.

+-l

'qb

t''

Vny
ta
1
I
(a + b + r)( - + .. + I-t < l8l
at)("6
Ta cri thd nrd r0ng

Tr) gia thi61 ta

>

cci

riuat satr
(crr "{- cr: -.. * cr,,)(cl--.ri * c-'.t, -f... c--1"; <
_ fn.(r:u + c1,11)
:

* -;;n'..

Liti gid.i
l)*it/, : cY; ili t, e fto , cl,l (riri e tq 6l vic > l,
bdt ding thfc phii chfng rninh vidt lai thinh :

(tr + rz +...+0,,,+.i.
[n(cu

*a >'
I !-

-II1
')l--I +b +l' ----+1.I l,' '' l+ct
ibcd
_1+a - 1+6 lrc | l-Ftt
Theo b6t d6ing thftc Cauchy ch<; ba sd drrrrng
b
c -{t
t +a' t -r", 7;1 tac<1
,

bii to{n tr6n nhd sau

Biti sd I' : Cho n sci drtong -ri ; nanr trong

[A nror ..{o-.clrrrrng i"on hon t t,htin[
1-".u1
llrilrn [.,.,b1i
bat dallg thric ttjng

"d

**,

ch11t

c -t c! --l-b--=
l+D lfc '11-1
_1_
N6n
1+o 'fuong rU

1;; ,

I +c

_l_
+(t

bcd.

cad

(r

+;(l + a)(t + d\
abd

>

>

. Nh.an titng vd4 bdt ding thfrc cirng chi6u va

cung dudng tr6n ta cd

4"a+b

.Xdt tam th(tc fril = .rl - {ca * ch.)r * ca Fh cci 2

nghi6nr sd la c,, cb, ma f, c [c;r, cl,1 n6n flt,) < 0
Viy ta c<i bdt ding thfc ;,r - (c,t+ch)t;+crJh < 0

bcd
t +5 1+" 1+,/

(1 +o)(1 -t-6)(1 +c)(1 +d)

81

abcd.

(1 -ro)(1 +6)(1 +c)(1 +d)

15

a f- b
b+c+1 c*a*l

c r- 1-o
a+b+l 'b+c+l
Tlorrgcac rn5u sd c * a * I, a * b * I ldn Jrrgt thay

Suy ra bdt ding thrle phAi chrlng minh ld

abcd

<U

Md mng di toonud,phuong phop chring minh

Bdi

sd

2' : Cho n sd duongr, th6a Mt dang thrlc

g1
)-->n-l 1?rl +x

Chtlng minh bdt d6.ng thrlc

InL grcn:
Tt gia thidt ta

xz

a, * ar*...* a,

T,,

>--.l.I-

'

x,\

- 1)l 1 \+r, T.*

DatA = (1+r,)(1 +xz)

vay ta

"d

xu

i.r,

,,tffiixrh...xn.

't

ar*ar*...*ar,-t*1
Liri giai

V{y tq cd bdt d&ng thrlc

1

a, * a, *...* arr*L '03+...+an*ar*L

I +,,

o3* ..*or*gt+1
-L

"b+c-ll
a+b+L
c*a*l
+(1 -o)(1 -b)(1 -c) < 1
giai

ar+...*or,-r+1
1J.

| -a

+ (1-o)(1 -b)(1 -.) < a +. +t vay

o.bc +=---+
+--.a*b*L
c*a*l
b+c*1
*
+(1 - o)(1 b)(1 - c) <
16

...

(l - o,,) <

Q,,

a, *...* a,, *

bdt ding thtlc COsi cho 3 s6

* a, * I

o,)(1 + a)

o,)(, + ar)...(l-a,,\
a2

a1

chdt tdne qu6t ta cd thd

1t KhonE
mdt tinh
gin str a la 36 l6n nhdt trong 3-sd o, 6, c. Theo

!), :

+ (1

o,*...* %,-r * I

Ldi

1-b,1-c,b+c*1tac6
(1 -bxl -c)(b +c + 1) <

I -or

+ -----

a,1+ ...+ a,,

4,,

ln_l),,

++

oZ+... +o,,*7
ol *o-+...+a,r*ltl
Trongc6c m6u sd a-,* oq* ... *o,", * ar+ l;
ga*.as+ --- *an *.o. +arl7 ; ,1o r* art :- lqr. , 1t
lAn ldot thay a, banga),'o1 ...o. ta s'e co cac nlau
sd nh6 hon vA cirngban-go,:|o-* ..*o.',+ Isuy ra
aa
al
+... +

ar*...*an*

J- -.--

az

ail

ffi

a2

a1

ar*ar*...*a,r*l

clbc

| -a.,... I -o-, ar*o.*...*a-+ 1 tacci

1) < 1
tl - ir)r.l - o.) '.'.. (f - a,ltar*arl ... *-an+
+ {l' - a,)t'l - or)(1 -'otf . (1 ': on) (
I - or

ot*e2+...+or,-t*1
ar

Biti sd 3; Cho 3 s6 o, b, c thuQc doan [0,

1\

<

an

NhAn trlng vdz bfit ding thrlc cirng chi6u vd

ctng drrong tr6n ta sd crj :

Chring minh

.( 1 --o,,)

KhOng mdt tinh chdt tdng quat ta cd thd giA

o, lA .s6 l6n n-hdt trong l.s6gt Tudng tU
nhu bau 1, theo bdt dang thtlc C6si cho n sd

/ A

-o, )(1 +ar).

srl

t'{lE(T-Ti.tr

>(n*1)

l>tz-r),,1
181
\

+...+

an

1tw

* a, * I

+...+ ar,

0,1

' ==---+(

-!

il , ("-1)J -T;

,fftsn-T r)
1 -- (n-,)l
..
TE
l;-

(oz+ol+.,.+a,r*l)

i+r, > ("-1)'\/ -T;

Trrong tu

<
--

a2

cLl

c<i

,!f

l-a
a -l-- b +- c
-L_'.--b*c*7
c*c-|l a*b +1 '6*c*1
abcl-a
'
' b +c +1
'
b +.c+1 c+b +1 c+6 +1

Md rdng d6 todn
BitiS': Chons6o,, ar..on tQ 1l Chrlngminh:

' llx,,
1*r,
!lxrTheo bdt ding thfc Cauchy cho n-l s6 drrong
x'3
X,,
x2
'I+rrtacci:
T+k'1+xj''
x3
X,
x2
+_+
"'*
I *x,
I *x,
l*o,'-

'- (n

o bang b, c tas6 cci elc mAu sd nh6 hon suy ra

I
(n-L)n

"

f-

03 +...+

a,,*

I -ot

an

a, *...* ao * I a2 +...+ a, * |
C6c dd to6n dd nghi
,r
Bdi 4 : Cho n s6 o,

[<x,

frl vdi

il

Chrlng nrinh

)of

< k@

P)

Birj sd 5' Ch=o L, 0,, e la,

a + b i- c = h. Chrlnf ririnh

a2+b2 +c2<

+... +

ar* \

,*,

- na .P

filvdi a >

(h-p)l+pr-+

o_3

0 vA

flptti,,/rfutofri
l_tttttt^\
TIIP TI]C IIIAI TIIAC NIIIINO IffiI CI,{I
l1
'l rong hAi hio "M6t
r inh e hir dr-p cria da giac d6u" t rcn lafr

+
+42(Mo.()A't'

chi"T,'an hr.,t v:r ludi lriJ's6 2H. ttriv VU e.iA. Lu,hs 62 drI.
ra mor rinh chir riir nhav.ria da gi6c Jei,. irv
rhrlng minh rlr din duin (et qui co-n hcri dai. Sa'u "f,iE",.i.f,
dav, r6i xin
dr1a ra mOt c6ch giii ngin gon va ddn giin hdn.
Xe t da gihc AduAAt...ln n6i ridp (O
dlrng rrftn t() : R ).

nn
s)s
f acu: ) M,4i :
2
2) (MU
',-''

l). M t:r didm di

R'212

+) 1u'o.d.tt

i:

+ oA2 + zu'o . rie,y

n(R' + R'212 + 4n2fi'r

n

DifiA:lrrrr2frd),

zlffo .ri,

+R'2; +

r-

+R'2; + Zht-o

>dA

t-

,r,j

MOrt,

'-,

Anti da gihc

2n

MOA.:/.+-1

n
Yt A v42...

))

rr: MOAI

n1n2

r-l

:,((n2

n(N +

. .J- ri(R2 I R't)r + 4RlR't ) { -.,,. fri),i

--Zru o'

illt]

ilXP CUA DA OI,{O

- ) o7,

oC"

il)

Al

+JL

MoA\: I"
\ + -\n/

(-).

r:-[

) Mti - rtlt{ + n'21 (.)

Dcr d<i

_^'l-inh

_chat-t

ren

ch_i

dzu rmt vAn co trnh ch.it

ti da

gr

irc dd.r hay cdn nh0ng cla giirc

rnl

kh6ng

+A.

ni-rv ?

r:0
rt

nn

(o;R

co

). Ta

) uoi : i=2 fr-"

i: I

-\- .ZoB,
-- n(tt' + I?' \ I LUo

bt

i:0

-)tl)

n-l

IJatB=)c,,s2(,,.i.bt

o2:in

-,

Bn

n-l

\-r
eZOBi=O.
t-l

;in

MBI

>
l-

nfi1 + R'r). Ro

rAng

da

giAc

8fi2... Iln
sin

chicAn thrla min di6u kr6n n6i ti6p (O ; R)

cung co linlr chAt ix.1 rt tr.i,n
Chic cic ban ciing da tirng

vi i dn, : 6
|=
I

_^ Xd't.dagihc^deul rAz...Ann6i tidp (O i R).M ti l di6mdi

I_

ru.,tia

: Z
l-

: \r/tl
+ tt'l +
'
,/J
'"
t-

l(Mo

'+

oAlll':

+R'r)

+ ttl + sin[Z,r

)-r

4t

(2,. +i.

n)

Ln

1)=

il
-(2i
Ln

l-sin(2u_-\
\
I

nl

)n

-)-trnlZn \

,)

tt /

g{ + a'2r u'ofi,t,

-fa

,r(R2 + R'2)2

2/rRlR'l

l:1

cci

dinh li

s.au dAy

- Dinh li, Ch, i.u gidc

ttiu Ale2.. an miri6

R'). 'l'a

ci I
l,'ii, khitttX phtt rltuir ri d cila M'.
I. - ,,(hr + ./?':.;1. 2ttlt) R':.
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giic klr6ng Jiu nt:r vi]rr cu iridt L'r-' -(') '
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Gidi ddp bdi

CO NHUNG DA GIAC NAO
tam gi6c vi tt gii'c'
Tam g76c : Chi cri thd le cdc tam giac uu1ng cdn ' I\hi d6 cdc
hon
dudng chia tam gSdc ra thdnh hai tam gi6c vu6ng cdr' nh6
chinh ld cdc drrdng cao di qua
dinh cria gcic vudng cua m6i tam
gi6c vu6ng cdn to (Hinh 1).
Sd dtrdng chia ndY ld v0 han.
Tir gi6c. Chi crj thd Ih c6c
hintt. chit nhQt nt it chibu ddi
bdng chibu rQng nhd.n. udi '[2

Ta cd thd thdv nhttng da giSc nhti vAy chi

li

(Day Ie hinh chu nhd.t udng).

Khi dd cac dudng chia d6i hinh chtt nhdt to (theo chi6u r6ng)
s6 cho ta c6c hinh chir nhdt con ddng dai vdi hinh chtr nhit to
(Hinh 2).
56 dtrdng chia ndy c0ng ld v0 han

CAT

H,2
vO uoeNc rHAt

uixs cHC NHAr

gh6p hai mAnh

cht hinh ch{r nhdt kich thtidc 9 x 16 thdnh hai mAnh d6u nhau sao cho khi
lai theo c6ch kh6c ta drroc m6t hinh vu6ng

irJ:ey

niy

PI

NHONG DIEU cAH

.
r
.
.

cHf

IAM HUNG

f xnl cfi eAl cHo 1OAN HQc vA rucil rne

Bii vidt tr6n mQt mit gidy, sach se, kh6ng qua 2000 chtl. Hlnh v6 di kdm
v6i bai vidt. Bai chi gtli 1 ldn.
Ndu guri dd ra xin giri kdm ldi giai. M6i Od (vd ldi giai) viSt ri6ng tr6n 1 to
nn],?'o;i
giAi vidt ri6ng tr6n mqt Jo gidy. Ndu bAi dAi nhidu trans ttrl oinn
bai'
chCIng vdo nhair. iie,i*ai oai bd, ghf hq t6n dia crri ody d.n v1 sd.cua
oao nio. Kh6ns-srri baicua, nhidu
Nsodrt phons ot iAlo oai siii
"0ri5
t phong ni. [higr-li vd 1 dla chi : 45B HAng Chu6i, Ha NAi'

=dLa"

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TOAN HOC VA TU6I TRE

ISSN:0866 - 8035
Chi s6: 12884
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Sip chrr tai TTVT Nhd xudt bAn Gi6o duc

In tai Xttdng in Nhn xudt bAn Gi6o duc
In xong vd nOp lrru chidu thSng 21996

Git'r: 2000d

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