-

I rr-:l
L .,.)

BO GrAO DUC

vA DAO TAO * HOr TOAN HOC VrF.T NAM

-oA Nryfrd.3*,
{
=O.

rap cHi RA NGAY 1b rIANG uraNc

I

MgT Ctrqr sfil{G

160 ro mQr afir
TofiN @, rdr ouA
KI THI HOC SINH
GIOI TFfiPT 1995
1

tee6

He

DUONG CONG
TIEP XUC VOI
t{

MQT DUoNG co
DINH@ . vE vOr

PHUONG

PHAP

CHUNG

MINH
DANG THUC VEC
o

ro 6-i
^
A.

\--l

o THt

TUYN SINH VRO

C6C LoP

CHUVN

Dnr HQC TONG

^?

HQP
slEnrr
1X
cun uOr Ncuor
7/qt7 so 7Ro"rE

ei"teo @.
Th$t vd tro truong THPT Qu6:c hqc Hud.

TOAN HQC VA TUbI TRE

MATHEMATICS AND YOUTH
MUC LUC
Trang
s Ddnh ctu cdc bqn Trung h7c Ca st
For Lower Secondary School Level Friends'

Nguydn Drtc Td'tt

- MOt chrit sSng tao tr] mOt bdi

Tdng bidn tdP :

to6n'

Phd tdng bidn tQP :

Gidi bdi ki tudc.

NGO DAT TIJ

Solution of Problems in Previous Issue

c6c

bdi cias6

Db ru

ki

NCUYEN CANH TOAN

224

HOANG CI]ONC

nd1

Problems for this issue

"t11228, ..., "ltol228,Lll228,L2l228

HOt DONG elEN

rAP

- 1996

10

Nguy6n CAnh ToDLn, Hoing

Chring, Ngd Dat Trl, L6 Kh6c

Kdt qud. hi thi hqc sinh gi6i THPT 1995

Ddnh chn cdc ban chudn bi thi vdo Dqi lqc'

For College and University Entrrance Exam Preparers'
Trd.n Phuortg - Hg drrdng cong tiSp xtic
12
v6i mQt drrdng c6 dinh'

BAo, Nguy6n HuY

Tim hidu sAu thim todn hoc phd th6ng'

Helping Young Friends Gain Better Understanding

HodngLO Minh, NguY6n Kh6c

Minh, Trdn Van

in Secondary School Maths

Nguydn Viet HAi - V6 m6t phrrong phSp
chring minh ding thfc v6cto.

15

o Db thi fiq&t sinh uin cdt l6p cfuryen DSt hP tdng h'Sp
o Gidi tri todn hqc
Fun with Mathematics.
Binh phuong - Didm cria mdi ngUdi
Ngd.n IIA - Vidt sd trong bin cd'

Tru sd tita soqn :

45B Hirng Chudi, Ha NQi
231 Nguy6n Vin CiI, TP Hd Chi Minh

Doan,
Nguy6n ViOt Hei, Dinh Quang
HAo, Nguy6n Xuin HuY, Phan
Huy KhAi, Vtr Thanh Khi6t, Lo
Hei KhOi, NguY6n Ven Mau,

Nhung,
Nguy6n DEng Phdt, Phan
Thanh Quang, Ta H6ng
Qu6ng, D4ng Htrng Thing, Vo
Drrong Thuy, Trdn Thnnh
Trai, LO 86 Kh6nh Trinh, NgO
Vi6t Trung, Dang Quan Vi6n'

Bia 4

DT: 8213?86 BiAn @P uit. tr[ s4; VU KII TEII

Trinh bd'Y; QUOC HONG
DT: 835611 |

Chring ta b6t ddu

tt

bdi to6n rdt quen thu6c sau ddy- :

^
rd.ng udi rtgi sd nguyn n thi nt *n

Blri to6n. Chrtng minh

.-:,r-M
-...qS"hE

chia hdt cho I

Chdc rang nhi6u ban da bi6t cric ldi girli sau :

/::M
'-*W

7 khdng

Cach 1 :

c X6tn = 3h (k e Z) thi n2+n+l = 3k@+ 1) + 1/ 3 non n2+n+L / 9.

x6t n = 3h + I (k e z) th\nz +n + | : th(h + L) + 3 / 9.
X6t n : 3h +2 (k e Z) thinz +n * ! = 3(3kz + 5k + 2) + 1 / 3 nen n2 + n + 1 / 9
Yqy n2 * n -l I / 9 v6i moi n e Z
Cdch 2 :

z^-c'
i<

.,8

.l\-

Ho

frs
>{

J!{
in F.

+n* 1 = (n +2)(n- 1) +3
- 1) = 3 n6n z * 2 ; n - 1 ddng thdi hodc kh6ngddngthdi
n*2i 3;n-li Ssuyra (n+2)(n-l)i gsuyra (n+2)(n-l)+32 I
n+22 3;n- 1/ Ssuy ra(n-*2)(n-7\ / 3 suy ra (n+2)(n - l)+3/ 3
+ (n't 2\(n - 1) + 3 / 9Ydy nz * n * I / I v6i moi n Z
Cach 3: (PhAn chrlng)
Gi6 str r*'+ n + | i g. bat n2 + n + | = 9m (m e Z) n2 + n + I - 9m : 0 (*)
L, = 36m - 3 = 3(72nt - l) i 3 nhrrng 3(l2m - l) Z I
A ld sd khdng chinh phuong n6n (*) khdng c<i nghiQm nguy6n. VO li
Ydy n2 -r n * I / 9 vdi moi n e Z
C6 n2

(n + 2) - (n
chia hdt cho 3

i:.;?r- --

4@2+n+7): (2ru*1)2+3
c 2n*li 3+(2n+D2i gdodci (2n+L)2+3/ I
o 2n*l/ 3+(2n+l)2/ 9dod6(2n+1)2+3 / 3+(2n+D2+3/ I
Ydy4(n2 +z+1) / 9+n2+ru+L/ 9 v6imoi n .Z

*. --,-J

..".--affi

:*--ffi
'.=_- ;

V6i ni6m dam mO hgc to6n chhc cieban cd thd tim thdy nhi6u bdi toSn
"hg hdng" v6i bii to6n tr6n.
Chdng han:
Bdi I Ch.ing minh rdttg

a)rt2+1lnt39/ 49
b)n2+3n+5/ L21

s
i

drf +sn*16/

169.
ritrug

Biri? Chilng rt inh

^A

a
o
()
I

o.
t

-00

ri@
-"-ffi#

)
I

ti
li
sr
FI

d.

" "#ffi

-+:. -: t

I
rfi

(J

--o
I

Fa
FI
ll

zGl

uoimginZ

ii_"ffi

Vdi cdc cach giAi

_-si%l

.-. -1ffisi
,-=:- --*.

. -T:r-S

,-'''-

-i+Yr$"'
r'

'z

-r;#

'i--w'
ffi

I ;2 ;3 cci 16 ta phf,i b<i tay, khai thdc crich gia! 4 (chf

that'd6 thudng" sau : 3(9zr +9nt +3n -16):(3n+l)3-49

o Ndu 3n*1: Tthi (32+1)3i 73md 49/ 73 non (32+1)3- 49/ 73
+9n3+9r*+3n-t6/ 343 oNdu \ru*l/ 7th\(32+1)3 -492 7
+ (32 * l)3 - +g / 73 +gn3 +gnz +3n - 76 / u3
Yay 9n3 +9n2 +3n - LG / Ytg vdi moi n Z

phuong trinh sau khOng c6 nghiQm nguyan

.CA bdn cSch gi6i tr6n d6u cd thd girlp ta giAi dugc c6c bdi to6n ndy vi
ndu ta "md m6m" s6 tim th6m thAt nhi6u bdi todn hay nita.
Nhung... v6i bii todn sau :
Bii 4-Chnng minh rd.ng grl3 + gnz * 3n - 16 khlng chia hdt cho 343

l-.--<;**.d

i''-

cd.c

eZ

Bei 3 Tim. x e Z dd 25x + 46 ld. tich cia hai s6 nguyan lien fidp (Bii
'tUz0l D6 ra ki ndy Tap chi THVTT 3(201) 1994)

:='?ffi

11

ts

a)xt+3x*4=49y
b)x2+25y2-2xt6:0

udi m7i n

ring

343

:73)-ta

ddn v6i ldi gini

Suy nghi sdu hon mQt chrit v6 cdch grAi 4 s6 girip ta ddn v6i bdi todn
tdng qurit
E;,i toan tdng qu6t. Chrtng ruinh rang A(n) hhong chia, hdt cho pk u6i
mei n nguyAn, p nguyAn 6 ; h rtguyAn duortg.
C6ch giAi li tim cho drloc d&ng thrlc
a.A(n) : lB(n))K *pm
YdiB(n) li dathrlcbi6nn, a Z;rz nguy6n drrong;h > m D6n dAy
bdi to6n xem nhrr de giei quydt xong.
T6c giAbdib6o ndy, mudir ifran agn cacban ringnhi6u di6u cci-v6 th4tbinh
thudng, that quen thudc, nhtrng d d<i c<i thd cbn nhi6u di 6u hdp dAn dang d<in
chd b4n vd.. . sin sdng dtta cric b4n ddn noi md c6c bqn dang cdn ph6i d6n.

a) Ndu bd, = 0 ch&ng h4n

Ldi giai

zCd.ch

(1) <+10Q27 +62

1:Tac|ffifr =d6 ' a'c '7 (l)

7@6)(At)

ea6(7.or-100):62
6A

e7.ac

-100: a6
-.

vio

E.

<

a6

a 1.ac -1oo<

100

110

10

Yqyfr = 15. Thay vdo (1) ta drroc

T665: T6 x 15 x 7<=+1005+110b = 10504
+ 105.b

alb = 45:b :9.

Thti lai 1995 : 19.15'7
Yirya=1,b:9,c=5.
Cach 2

(ciaVu Huong Gian 9,6,{, Phan Chu

Trinh, Ha NOi).

(1) +a66Zi

a6

+a6Tc:ab =T[E (0 < ft <

=TOE: aE .7

9)

T6 NGUYE,N

BdiT%lzz4. Cho a,b, c, d aZud. ne, n N*

nit. nt uir n. khOn'g phd.i ld, sd chinh phxong.
Chung minh riing dibu kiQrt cd.n ua dit dd
a + btim - c + d.fr ld, a = c ud.btli = d\lrl

Ini gl.i:

fi

TltJdchdttachrlngminh: Nduz N*
Jtri co thd Ia s6 nguy6n ho4c sei vo ti (1).

Thit vdy gi6 stnln

Goi

::,

(r, s)

1,

s>

p ld m6t u6c nguy6n t6 ctra s. Ta cd

1.

p.'}nii giethidt (r, s) : 1'

s2ru : P
-* i p2 -r'.
Trl siA thidt o +br[ru = c + d'{n (2) suy ra
(o. - c\l : d.Zn. + bznt. - zbrl{rnn (3). Ta phnn
biet hai tnldng hoP
2

br{m : d,[n.
Di6u kiQn dtr ld hidn nhi6n'
Nh4n x6t : 1) Didm mdu chdt cria bdi toSn
ln khing dinh (1). Hdu hdt cric ban de kh6ng
,ii"i, ttl miL coi nhrr mOt sU kiQn hidn

-3: ;

tr6n THTT

41226 6 d6 6c t6c g1il cd n6u mQt y kidn xung

khing dinh (1))
quanh
2) C6 m6t s6 ban de sai ldm khi cho rang
hi6u cria hai sd vO ti kh6ng thd la sd nguy6n'
3) C<i thd chrlng minh d6 ddng ring {17 chi
c<i thd li s6 v0 ti hoac sd nguy6n vd tdng qu6t
hon, nghiOm cira Phtrong trinh
rk + ou_rrk-1+... + atx - n = Q (ara Z)
chi ctj thd la sd vd ti ho6c s6 nguy6n'
$ Cec ban c<i ldi giei t6L : Nguydn Minh
Hd.ng (9, Hei Drtong, HAi Hrrng), Nguydn Thd
Vtni (9,D6ngNai), LatuLhTho (9,Thanh Hcja),
Phanr Quang Vinh (9, Ha NOi), Nguydn Tud'n

Nguydrt NguyQt Minh' (9,Ddc

L6c), N g uy 6n Tr d.n M an h Q udn (9, Thr)a Thi6n
}J:ure), irh.n Nguydn Thq (8, Hd Tinh), Nguydn

Thay vdo (1) va suy ra b : 9 theo c6ch 1.

Nhd,n xdt : C6 rdt nhi6u ban grli ldi giAi dfng
kh6c nhau. Chi c<i bar, Trd'n Thi M! An,9A9
Lrrong Van Ch6nh, TX Tuy Hba, Phri YOn cci
nhdn x6t ring bdi T11224 chinh IA bai T1/213
d6 ra tr6n s6 b:io 213 (3-1995) vd de dang ldi
giAi tr6n sd b6o 2t7 (7-t995) (cach 1). Chic ld
uhi6u ban kh6ng bidt di6u ndy ho4c bidt md
kh6ng n<ii ra.

thi

(2) ndu

*rn Q,oaclicl,

+TOEi 7+5Ei 7+k--5

+ac=15

'

Tt

d-c

"frrr"g
nhi6n (xem th6m bai \E

ro<+Q

0'

Q miu thudn v6i (1). VaY

* 0-,[n :;
b=d,=0---a=c.
b) Ndu bd * O. Til (3) 1'l*" Q'
- +
Tt (2) + o{n +b{tl1n : dn * c'ln
*
c+
a
O -c\r[n = d.n -b{nxn Q. Ndu
irt e a tr6i gia thi6t, Y4v a = c +

Bidi TLl224. Tim cd'c chil sd hhd'c hhOng a'

b, c, thda md'n a66Z : dE x ac x 7 '

Minh (9, Th6i Binh), Nguydn Hd'i Dang

(g] Quang "bi), Cao Thi Ly (9, Th6i Binh),
Nguydru Trgng Kian (8, Nam Hi)'
Ngqc

DANG HUNG.THANG

Bidi Tgl224. GiAi phuong trinh' nghi4m

nguyAn:

o (*)
Ldi giai. Ydi x > 0 thi vd tr6i cria (*) lu6n
lu6n drrong n6n khOng c<i nghiOm'
VAvr < 0. Ta c<i (*).*(r3 + 4)2 + ll(x+2)2 + 3) + 3y2 = 0. (**)' Nhrr viy, v6i r < -3
16(r
thi vdtr6i cria (**) lu6n lu6n drrong, n6nr < -3'
Suy rar li s6 nguyOn thu6c khoAng (-3 ; 0), n6n
chi c<f thd nhin hai giri tri la - 1 vd -2, vd phuong
trinh c<j cric nghiQm nguyOn (x ; y) sau dAy :
(-l; -2), (-l;2), (-2 ; 0).
Nhin x6t. Cd 132 bai giei, tri mdt vii bii
n6u s<ii nghi6m, cbn tdt cA d6u gi6i dting' C6c
ban sau day cO ldi giai t6t : Pham Thi Vd'n
diorg (8A Chuy6n Bac Li6u - Minh H.i,j), Mai
XuaiTrxang (9T Chuyon DOngAnh - Ha NOi),
Trinh Hoiti d.n (PTCS LO Loi Tx Hd D6rrg --Hd
"tdy), Dinh Cao Cuimg (8 Chuy6n Ba Ddn
Ngsc
Quang Tr4ch - QuAng Binh)' Nguydn
x6 + Bx3

11x2

28x

12 + 3y2

Miruh (9A Luong Vnn Ch6nh

ThuQn, 8T Chuy6n Nghia Hdnh, Vd Trd.n

Th.d

NguyAn LQc,9T Chuy6n Le Khi6t, La Hoitrug

Dic Khd,nh, 9T Chuy6n Nguy6n Nghi6m, Drlc
Phd, Qu6ng Ngdi, TrdnVidt NhQt,8/1 Chuy6n
Nguy6n Khuy6n, Dd Ning QuAng Nam - Di

- Phf YOn), Ddo

Vu (BAr PTCS.Gi6ng V6 II - Ha NOi),
Nguy1ru Dic'Xud.n Binh (9T PTNK Hd Tinh),
Mai Hdn Giang (8T Chuy6n Le Khidt - QuAng
Ng6i), Nguydn Thd.i Son (9T NK Nga Son Thanh H6a), Trdn Van Nghia (9A Luong Van
Ch6nh - Phf YOn), Nguydn Tud.n Anh (9 Todn
Phan Chu Trinh, Bu6n MO ThuQt - Dek Lak),
Nguydn Thd Vinh (9II THCS Tnrng Vrrong -

Ning, Le Ch; Thd.nh,9l Nguy6n Tri Phrrong,

Hud, Thrla Thi6n - Hud, Nguydn Thi Sen,9A
Trrrdng Thi, Trd.n Khoa Van,8A NK Quynh
Lrtu, Nguy4ru Tidn Trung, 9T, NK Vinh, NghQ
Ddng Nai), Trd.n Khoa Vaz (8A NK Quj'nh Lrru , An, D6 Thitnh Trung 8T Nguy6n Hi6n, Nam
- Nghe Ant, Nguydn Ch; Thdnh (8T, Nguy6n Ninh, Vi7 Thi Thiry Duorug, 8T NKY Y6n, Dodz
Binh Khi6m - Vinh Long), Vo Ch; Thd,nh (9 Nant Thd.i, 7T, N guydn Trgng Kian, Phqm Thu
Giang, Nguydn Tu(in Anh, 8T Trdn Dang
Toan Chuy6n L6 Khidt - QuAng Ng6i), Hoitng
Ninh, Nam D!nh, Nam }Jd, Mai Xudn Truarug,
Phuong Dong (9A PTCS Cdc L6u - Lio Cai),
Hod.ng Qudc Hoa (9A Chuy6n Lrtong. Vdn 9T Chuy6n D6ng Anh, Nguydn Ti^tn g, Vu Manh
Ch6nh - Pht1 YenS, Truong Quang Trung (84 Tud.n 8CT Ti Li6m,.Pfram QuangVinh 9A,Bd
Trung Hoc Chuy6n Kontum), Phant Thu Ven Den, He NOi, Bili Hdi Nant,9A Le H6ng
Phong, Ngd Quy6n, HAi Phdng, Biti Thu Nga,
Huorug (9Ar THCS Hdng BAng - HAi Phdng),
(9
Vinh
9A Chuy6n Phong Ch6u, Vinh Phri,Nguydn Thi
Phri
Thq,
THCS
Chuy6n
L6 Tdm
To6n
Phu), Hoirng Trung Tuydn (11A PTTH Ha Hdi Ydn,9 Neng khidu Bdc Giang, Hd Bic,
Nguydn. Nggc Ti,88 Trong didm, Ha Long,
Trung - Thanh H<ia).
QuAng Ninh, Ngzydn Hoiing Tilng,8T cdp II
VIt]N
DANG
Nang khidu Thrii Nguy6n, Ld.m Mq.nh Tudrug,
BiriT4l224
9A THCS Hgp Giang, Cao Bing.
Ch.o tam gidc ABC
VU KIM THUY
ctin tai A AB : AC).
TilBKABMTAC.
Bdi T5l224. Cho hai hinh chft n hQt c6 chu
Chtng minh rd.ng
ui bd.ng nhau. M\t hinh c6 cd.c canh duoc t6
AM
,AB. I
md.u d.6 ; linh kia c6 cd.c canh duoc to mdu
MC=2\ud--t
xanh. Ngudi ta chbng hai hinh cht nhQt'lAn
Ldi Siai
nhau sao cho phL.n giao cia ching lit mQt hinh
Bdi to6n chi dring
bd.t gid.c. Ching ntinh riing : hinh bdt gidc c6
trcngtrudnghop gdcA
tdng dQ diri 4 caruh md.u d|bang tdng d0 diri 4
nhgn. LJy E ddi xrlng
canh md,u xanh.
vdi C qua A. D6 thdy
Ldi giai. Trong
LBCE vudngtaiB.
fr
hinh vO b6n, hinh
BC2: RC2
chit nh4t canh d6
(1)
Suy ra MC =
CE ZAC
ABCD vd hinh chir
nhQt canh xanh
Mat kh6c AM : AC - IvIC =
AtBlCtDt
cirng cri .
BC2_ 21192 - Bgz
(2)
- a/1 zAC
LA.C
chu vi lit p, c6tni
nhau tao thdnh
TiI (1) vn (2) tac6:
z

AM Z,q.Ca - SC2:'\Ad
^ , AC,2-1'MC: BC,
NhOn x6t:
Giei tdt bdi niy c6 cdcb4n t Pham Thi Vd.n
Giang,8A Chuy6n Bac Li6u, Minh HAi, DQng
Minh Thanh, I An Lac Tdy, Kd S6ch, S<ic
Trdng, LucVan f/do, Nguy6n Manh Cttdng, 8/1
H6ng Bhng, Q5, TP HCM, Tr1.n Anh Hitng, S
Chuy6n Nguy6n An Ninh, Vflng Tdu, Bd Ria Vung TAu, Nguydn Thd Bd,o,8A, Hi6p Thinh,
Thti Ddu M6t, Sdng B,6, Trd.n Dic Sinh, 8B
LttongVan Chrinh, Tuy Hba, Phri Y6n, Truong
Quang Trung,8A Chuy6n Kon Tum, Phan Thu
lfa, 8Ar Trdn Van On, KrOng Phc, Luong Hrtu

hinh 'b6t

gtdc

MNEFPQIK. D4t
m.=MN* EF+PQ
-t IK vb,n : NE + FP + QI

+ KM.Tacd cf;ctam
gr6c sau dAy d6i mQt ddng dang vi ld tam giric
vuOng vd cci mOt gric nhgn bing nhau : LAJM,

LBTNM, LBNE, LCTFE, LCFP, LDTQP, LDQI,

LATKL Do dti, dat

KA+AM

--@-' ta c6
JA+AM NB+BE FC+CP :
h=.p-:--NE--:--FP
n=

B,di'171224 z Tim tdt cd

QD+DI
QI
JA+AM +N B +B E +tr C +C P +Q D +D

JM+NE+FP+QI

:'

-m (l), Chrlng minh trrong tu, ta ctng

n

D -n
u:+(2r.

Tt

(1) vd

cd

(z),ta"ory =+,

p-n-nL
p-m-n
suyraL
=
* ,hdnnta,hidn
nhi6n p >m*n n6n p -rl-n + O, \r|y
_

m =rL,dWT\.

Nhfn x6t. Cdc ban sau diy crl ldi giAi t6t :
Nguydn Thi Thanh (9TL tx Thdi Binh), TrZiz
Ngqc Anh (9 torin Trdn Dang Ninh, Nam Hd),
Nguydn Mqnh Hd (9K PTCS LO Loi tx Hi D6ng
- Hn TAy), Nguydn Tudn Anh (9 Torin Phan
Chu Trinh - Buon Ma Thu6t - Dak lek),
Nguydn Duc ThuQn (7T Nang khi6u Bim Son
Thanh H5a), Pham Minh Hitng (9 Torin
Nguy6n Du - Gb Vdp - Tp H6 Chi Minh), Phqm
Thu Huong (9A THCS H6ug Bdng - Hai
Phdng), Hodng Van Tudru (9 Todn Nang khidu
Hoa Lrr - Ninh Binh).
DANGVIEN

BniTGl?z4. Cho ddy xnth6a mdn

'

x3: cos 7tq

xn+1=3xn-1

,r*,!::*

Ldi giei. Ta c6 x,, .,

-)

=,

?, -r)

rtdd xn=3n-'(*r-Ll-.*
Do

thdyr..
'32

I:

zco*

-)

= z.or[

(+.o,z[-s*+) - "o+ (s-+"o"2f,) > o

Thnnh thit limr,, : +.

ll+@

Nh{n x6t : 1) Cdc ban sau ddy cti ldi giAi

t6t : Nguydn Xudn Son ( 1 1 Ngh6 An), Le Tidn
Anh {77 Ha NOi), Nguydn Quang Hd,i (12, Mnh
Phu), Nguydn Thanh Chinh (11 Hei Hung),
Nguydn Quang Nguyn (Hn TAy), Nguydn
Nhd.t Nam'(12 Be Ria - Vtng Tiu), L Varu
Cuitng (11 Thanh }J:6a),NguydnViAt Dung (10,
Phan Bdi ChAu, NghQ An), Triin Phuang (10,
He NQi), Nguydn Thanh Tilng (10 Ha Ndi)'
2) MOt s6 b4n cbn hlu y rang lim
n+-

x, = j
6

n4Nc Hur.rc.THANG
4

cd.c

da thrtc P@) uoi

4(o) = o, P(x3 i l1 =rd1x; +l vr G R.

Ldi giei kira nhibu ban) : Tl} cdc gia thi6t
cfra bii to6n suy ra : P(1) = P(d + 1) =
: F(q * 1 : 1. Tr) day, bing phrrong phap
quy nap theo z, d6 dnng chrlng minh drtoc :
P(xr,) = xnVn N (1) 6 ddy xn ld cric sd hang
cria dey xn ' dtgc xl.c dinh b6i :

xr=O,xnt.: 4r*t Vz N. Vi rr,*, >r,

Vz c N (dO thdy) n6n tt (1) suy ra da thrlc
Q@) = P(x)
phAi cci

- x cci v6 s6 nghidm thrrc. Do vAy

Q(x) = 0 Vr R, hay P(x) =r Vr C R.

Ng,rq" lai, d6 thdy da thne P(x): r th6a
m6n tdt ch cdc di6u ki6n cria bii ra.
Viy cri duy nhdt da thrlc cdn tim, d<j li :
P(x1

a.

Nhfn x6t : 1. Cri nhi6ri

ban grli ldi giii cho

bdi torin. Trong sd dd cri 8 b4n cho ldi giAi sai.
Ngoni ra, rdt nhi6u ban khric khOng thrrc hin
bu6'c thit lai ddi vdi da thrlc P(r) dd tim drroc.

2. C6ba ban, thay vi giei bai da ra, da d6

xudt vi giai bai to6n kh6i qurit. Tuy nhi6n c6c
bdi torin khdi qurit md cdc ban dtta ra hoac
khdng dring, hodc dring nhrrng lai kh6ng nhAn
bni de ra ldm tnidng hop ri6ng.
3. Cric b4n cci ldi giai dring : Nguy4ru Hod.ng
Giang (11T PTTHNK Bdc Th6i) ; La Huy Ti6n
(DHQG Ha Ngi), Dinh Trung Hdng (lZM
PTDL Mari Curie - He NQi) ; D6 Hbng Son,
Trinh Hitu Trang (Lam Son, Thanh Hcia),
Pham Tud.n Anh (11A PTCT DHSP Vinh,
NghQ An), Nguydn Xud.n. Son (11T Tntdng
Phan B6i ChAu - NghQ An) ; Pham Hbng Thdi
( 1 1A, Trrrdng Ddo Duy Tt,
QuAng Bi nh) ; Dinh
Trung Hoing (1OCf - DHTH Hud) ; Trdn
Minh Ddng, Pham Ngqc Tdn (llCT Trudng
Luong Vdn Chdnh - PhriYdn) ;Nguydn LA Lt"tc
(10CT DHTH TP Hd Chi Minh) ; NguydnNhdt
Nam (72A, Trrrdng Vring Tdu, Bn Ria.- Vtng
Tnu) ; Pham Hodi Ldng (11CT2 TrrrdngLrrong
ThdVinh, Bi6n Hda, DdngNai) vdPhanThanh
Hdi (l1T Trudng Thang Long, Di L4t, LAm
D6ng).

NcuyEN rnAc urNu

Bni T8/224 : Tam giac ABC c6 AB = ci

BC = a; CA: b. Chilng minh ring :
a2 11 -r{i cotgA) + bl (1 -,[icotgB) +

+c2(l-{icotgC)>0
Ldi giai.

him

sd sin

(1)

(da s6 cric ban). S{r clung Dinh li

trong tam gi6c, ta cci :

(1) <+4R2[sin2A + sin2B + sin2C

1s;zAcoM * sinBcosB * sinCcosql > 0

<+sin2A + sin2B + sinzC >

- {5

- Vfrng Thu : Phqm Minh Drlc

Quing Binh : Nguydn Trung Kian,

Blr Ria

,$

eiae * sin,B,+ sin^c)

+sirfA +sin2B +sinzC >

Nguydn Nggc Tfud.n, Dinh Trung Hoit'ng,

Nguydn Trung Kin, Nguydn Httu Cliu, Trd.n
Hrtu Lutc

Hlr Bic

> 2rlSsinAsinBsinC (2)

Sit dqngbdt d6ng thtlc : sinAsinBsinC

3F.
8',

ta c6 : sin2A + sin2B + silPC >

z Nguydn. Ngge Son, Pham.

Ngec, DQng Hod.ng Viet HiL

Phri Y6n : Phqm Nggc Td.n, Trb.n Dinh

Ld.m, Trd.n Minh DOng

Ddng Nai : Pham Hodi Lang, l Khic Huinh

> B3r[@inAsinEin$ =
3(sinAsinBsinA SsinAsinBsinC

3{siffiinasi* -

NGUYE,N VAN MAU

sinAsinBsin C, dpcm.

Ddu d&ngthrlcxAyr:a khi vdctri t<ni AAACadu.

Nh{n x6t: 1) Cdn rdt nhi6u crlch giAi khdc
ni1a, theo kidu cric ph6p bidn ddi tr6n.

2) Cdc ban sau

cci

Th6i Binh :?hirng Thanh Tilng

DfucLEc zvo Ch; Hba

r'tJg{E
8

2r{ 3

ldi giAi t6t

BdiTgl2z4. Gsi a, b, c ld. dO ddi cd.c cqnh

BC, CA, AB cila mQt tam gid.c ABC ; R ud. r lit
bd.n kinh cd.c duitng trbn ngoai tiilp uit nQi ti6p
crta tam. giar. Chrtng minh bd.t d&.ng thtlc :
+ (b
r 1\- @-b)2
-/ +(c
-/
\ -a\2
/ z-l*\
\- -c\2
2
R
tGRz

Giang, Nguydn Nggc Son, NglVan Qud.n

Bdn Tre z Nguydn Anh Tud,n

LAm Ddng : Phan Thanh Hd.i

Vinh Long z Tdng Kim Anh
Quing Nam - Dnr NEng ; Trlnh Huy
Long, LA TU ThiQn, LA Trilu Phong
Ha NQi z Nguydn Duy Tirng, Phan Linh,
Nguydn Vir Hung, LA Tud.n Anh, Dinh Dic
Huy, Dinh Trung Hd.ng, Trd.n Phuong

Hii Phdng : Dd Hi^ry Binh

Hii Duong z DQng Thd.nh Trung, Nguydru
Thanh Chuong, Bi^Li ViCt Quang,
Nam Hh zVu Manh Toitn, Nguydn Duy Hir,
D6 Trung KiAn,Vir Trdru Cuaing, Nguydn Trgng
KiAn, Nguydn Thu Thily,
Mnfr pnri z Vu Manh Hirng, Hit. X^rd.n Thdnh,
Nguydn Quarug Hd.i, Nguydn Thanh Tirng,
Hlr TAy : Hod.ng Thanh Ti^r.ng, Phqm Huy
Bd.c, Nguy4n Quang Nguyn, Ta Huy Kh1i,
Nguydn Tudn Dinh,
Thanh H6a: NguydnVan Trung, Nguydn
Anh Duorug, D6 Hbng Son, Phqm Trung Hit,
Hodng Trung Tuydn, Trinh Trgng Duong,
Dodn Thanh Hdi
NShg ltn : Phan Thanh Son, Nguydn
Quang Minh, Truong Xud.n Thuy, DxongVdn'
YAn, Nguydn Thinh, Nguydn Khd.nh Quynh,
Phgm Tudn Anh, Duong Dinh DiQp, Nguydn
Van Tin, NguydnViQt Dung, Nguydn Bd.Ddng,
Truong Vinh Lin, Nguydn Xud.n Son, Nguydn
Van

'

Bic Th6i : Phan Hibn, Nguydn Hoitng

Dic

Vi|t

Ldi giai 1. (ciaNguydn Quang Hd.i,12 CT,

Trtrdng PTTH chuyOn Htng Vrrong, Vinh
Phti). Gqi H, O vd,I ldn lttot ld tnlc tAm, t6m
cric drrdng trdn ngo4i vd ndi tidp tam g76c, tac6
thrlc _vecto g, jAy_ ,
ry
E
OH = OA + OB + OC, aIA lbIB + cIC : 0 tr)
: (2p - a)OA +
dd suy+ ra :
-2pOI
(1)Binhphrronghai
(2p -b)OB +(2p -c)OC;
vd ctia (1), sau khi thay Zdao'c - 2R2 - a2,
ZO-\O|= ZR2 -Uz, ZdeO-h = ZR2 - a2 vd s'i
dung hing ding thrlc : a3 +b3 +c3 -}.abc:
: (a-rb +c)(az +b2 +c2 -ab -bc -ca) r6i

rft

ggn, ta dudc

IIP :
=

4R2

-8Rr -

^1 jtt"
-gp,

1,ft2

Tn dd suy ra

1a2+b2+c2-ab

-Uz

+ (b -c)2 + (c

-bc-ca)
-a)21 > 0

> 16Rr + (o -b)2 + (6 - c72 + 1c - a)z

vd thu dtroc bdt ding thric (x) cdn tim
Ddu d&ng thrlc dat dudc khi vd chi khi
8R2

= H oo = b = c nghia ld tam gtr6c ABC d6u.

Nhan x6t : 1) MOt sd bAn dd drra ra ldi eiei sau.
Ldi giii 2. Chi6u O vd I l6n m6t trong cdc
drrdng thin gBC, CAhodcAB ; ching han chi6u

l6n CA, duoc O' vd I'

Ta c6

co'

a*b-c
u,,

O'1, < OI,

oP = R2

Thd

thi

rdi stt dung cdng thrlc Ole :

-zlrta

drroc

ry

< R2

-2Rr

Kh6ng mdt tdng qu:it, giA srl o < 6 ( c,

thd thi
(" - o)2: [(a b) + (b - q]2 - @ -b)2 +
+(b - a12 +21c -b)(b -a)

("-o)2>(c-af+10-a12
Tt

dd ta drtoc (*) cdn tim.

Ldi giai. @ia La Van Cuitng, 11T, PTTH

Lam Son, Thanh Hda vi Nguydn Quang
Nguyan,llCT Nguy6n Hu6, Hn Tay)
DUng hinh l4p phrrong ABTCDTCTDATB
ngo4i tidp trl di6n dduABCD, hinh lAp phuong
ndy c<i d6 dai canh bing rl7. Chon D, lim gdc

O ciahQ trUc toa d0 D6 c5c vu6ng g6c Oxyz sao

cho A Ox, B e Oy vir C e Oz. Thd thi, trong

hO tga dO

B(0,\[2,0), c(0,0, {z),

= cosA * cosB * cosC - 1

r6i chuydn vd trrii cta (x) v6 dang lrrqng girie ;
bi6n ddi vd sir dgng cdc h6 thrlc vi bdt d&ng thrlc
lrrong giric trong tam gi5c, cring di ddn kdt quA
cdn tim.
Cdc ban sau dAy cd ldi giAi trit.
QuAng Nam - Dn Ning : Ld Tri|u Phong
QuAng Binh : Trd.n Hftu L4c,
Ha NQi : La Tu.d.n Anh, Ngttydn Vu Hung,

Vu Dtc Nghia, Phan Linh, Triiru Phuong,

Nguydn Anh

Ti,

Vinh Phri : Trd,n Manh. Tilng, Dd,o Manh

Thang

Thanh Hcia : Trinh Hilu Trung, NguYdn

Anh Duong,
NghC An : Phqm. Tud.n Anh, Nguydn Thinh,
Truong Xudn Thung, Nguydn Xud.n Son,
Duong van Yn'
NrcuveN oANc puAr
Bni T10/224.7i di1n dbu ABCD c6 td.nt lit.
S ud. dQ ddi cd.c canh bitng 2. M|t dudng thd.ng
h, quay quanh S. Ggi A', B', C' ud, D' ld.n luot lit.
hinh chidu cila cd.c dinh A, B, C u?t D ffan L..
Tim tdt cd. cd.c ui tri crta L sao cho tdng
sA'4 + sB'4 + sc'4 + sD'4 dat gia ffi lin nhd.t.

A({2,0,0),

D(,[2,r8,'{v)

vd

,t, ^,r[2 rtz

D(;
e, ,, )
\ 2,

2) MOt s6 @n srr dung dinh li hAm sin vn h6 thrlc

R
,.A.B.Csint
*: : 4sinfin

niy, ta c6

ra

Sry

-+, -Y), e ?+,*, -Yt

n (Y,Y,*l
t - +, -Y,Yl,

["7 i +,
t"=

Goi e(x, y,

z)ldvecto don vi cta drrdng thing

thi

thd

a,

sA' = lffil , sB' = lBEl , gg' : IZBBI vh

SD': lffil tt dd ta dugc (v6i chri y reng
x2 +y2 +22 = l);
s = SA'4 + SB'4 + SC'4

SD'4 =

= Ut{-* -ty * z)a + (x - y + z1a +

+ (x +y -44 + @ +y +z)4)
= I + 4(x2y2 a, tzrz + z2x2) <

L"-"7

>1+;(rr+y2+r2)z=g
Viy :

"**:B

lrl = lyl :lzl:llg

tudng fng

, t

-il5'

g o

S*yrac64 dtricriaA
di6u ki6n tdng s d+t giri t4 l6n nhdt,

th6a m6n

7"a)1
+ x,':Yt=r'-

c<i

vecto ddn vi chi phrrong lh

1
-tr''-

1,
1, , 1 1
(
TE)' TE-' tr'E-' TE-)'

,L11111

(-E'-TE-'T5')' ( \r5' {5'E)

rl

-I

..

,L

/ na/=

Dd le 4 dttdng thing S/, SB, SC vi SD di

qua c6c dinh ctra tr1 diQn ddu.
Nhfln x6t : L) NgoAi hai ban tr6n, cbn cd hai
b4n cfrng cho ldi gi&i dring : Duong Vd.n Yan,
11T Phan B6i Chdu vd Hoitng Trung Tuydn,
11A PTTH Ha Trung, Thanh H<ia.

2) Ngodi phuong phrip toa d6 dd n6u d tr6n,

c6c ban cci thd giei bai todn tr6n bing phuong
ph:ip vecto.
NGUYEN OANC PUAT

Bdi Lu224.
Thanh AB truot
lan hai cqnh cila
g6c uu1rug (hinh
) Thanh c6 chiAu

-ax; B, = 0 ; br: Bo*qz.Wtung c6 dQ tr"t cd.m

L, kh1ng bidn dqng. Ban dd.u tdm cila khung
trirng udi g6c tga dQ, cd.c cgnh cila Ehung song
song udi cd.c tnq.c Ox, Oy. Khung duoc thd. tt! do
uit. trong hhung khOng c6 dbng diQn. Xt chuydn
dQng

ddi l. Dd.u B

tl

uln tdc khOng

Hay xd.c
dinh phxong,
chibu ua d0 lon

?t

crta uecto uQn tdc

uir uecto gia t6c

u'

cia trung

didnt
C tai thiti didnt thanh lirnt udi canh thang ding

ntOt g6c a.

Hudng d6n gi6i

Didm C chuydn d6ng tr6n dtidng trbn tdm
D b6n kinh bang ll2. Do dci vecto u. r'u6ng gcic

IlOn truc Or ta

uB uo
u,,
:
dudc u... : uH :
ra u, :
T Z.Suy
2*o

orr-:

or;

do dri

const n}n ta cd ar, = 0

CO ld

vi

f tn"o phtrong

$a t6c hudng t6m n6n ta cci

an ui
ul

-t -

cos.r

t,t2 .

cos;

= 0-tD

=Q+O:

a2Bo --- a2Bo = a213o

*az)*Li-i=-

a?az

Luc di6n tt tric dung l6n cdc canh ctra dAy : lgc
do B, gdv ra thi triot tiu ; lUc do B* Bay ra d hai
canh hai b6n truc z cung phrlong, cung hudng
theo O, vd c<i d6l6n

r
Phuong
theo Oz

a1

a4a2z

trinli chuydn d6ng cria khung

dgc

a4o2z

ntiOng th&ng drlng xu6ng

dudi. ThAnh phdn o, cira vectd

0 n6n

*z :

: 0-lEl : #

z=0,i

1)

2l Y\ u""
c.(:

= const. Khung dAy roi tinh tidn n6n O" : Q vd

O = Oz *@r: a213, * ar) -r L,.Ban ddu t : 0,

,t/

v6i brin kinh OC (H. 1) ChiSu

E = RI

1 ;e 0nhrrng

C tr*

ur.,.

cia khung sau hhi thd..

Hudng d6n giai. Vi day si6u ddn R

chuydru dQng u6i

ddi

Bidi LZl224. MQt khung dd.y siau dd.n hinh

uu1ng cqnh a, khdi luqng m, dQt nilm ngang
trong tit truirng khdng dbu theo quy luQt t B* =

Zlcos3a'

Nhin x6t. C6c em cci ldi giei dring : Nguydn

Quang Trudng,1lCL, chuyOn Phan B6i ChAu,

Vinh (NghQ An), Doim Htu Thirnh 12C,

PTTH Son Tinh QuAng Ngei ; Nguydn Van
Tidn, 11A2, PTTH LC Quy DOn, He NOi,
Nguydn Dtc Minh Hoiutg llCL, Qudc hoc Hud,

Nguydn Qudc Nguyn llL, PTTH Phan Bdi

ChAu NghO An;'LA Thanh Hdi, LACL, L6 H6ng
Phong, Nam Hd

m,z'=-rng+F-2"+g+ - =O
meL
a4a2
D4t;;*z=X+X'*
,*X=0
-X = Asin(ot + p).Taivi tri cAn bdngz" =
msL
Q + ,=- i; + Bi6n d0 dao dOng
atd.'

msL :;+7
r
A: -l;,g
L
(r'd'

1\ss*Dl

*:w

m.gL

-_vol
a+(xL

a2a

,,.

Khung dao dQng di6u

hdd

mgL r
,
,:ffi
[*=(-ta,)-t1
da2

Nhfn xdt. Kh6ng cd em nio cti ldi giai

dfng.
MAI ANH

MAI ANH

m(m-l)...(rn-s+1)
d64n=
1 .2 .3,... s
Tim lim

rncs
BdiTlizbS: Tim m., n N

n+*o

CAc r,6p

A:3h

+0r

dd

-ol + 4ld s6 nguyn t6.

NcuvEN ooc rAn

'Bdi T21228

phuong trinh:

: Tim

(TP Hb Cht Minh).

nghiQm duong crta ha

H6 QUANGVINH

fi rd.ng udi n udc to don ui cila -mQt

ia tM tho.n ra duqc cd.c chi sd

i 1, i2 ..., iO sao cho

,+

(Thdi Binh).

* xtsgo: x1996

x,se

*xt-

xlee

"tol{,*",#;)tan

Bhi T10/228:
. Hinh ch6p SABC c6 tdng cd.c mQt (g6c d
dinh) cfia tim diln d.inh S bd.ng lSOo uir. cd.c
cqnhbAn SA = SB = SC = l.
Chtng minh rd.ng di|n tich todn phd.n chip
ndy hhOng ldn honr{3

k, u)

NGUYENLEDONG
(TP IIb Cht Minh).

x*

cAc nii vAr r,i

BUI QUANG TRUONG

r+tzze z chn tam gi*

r#\Xh < AC)uit.

cdc tam gid.c cdn BAD, CAE (BA = BD, CA = CE)

sao cho D nd.m khd.c phia udi C djLqdi,4B-E

nam hhur phiau1i B ddi udi AC uir. ABD = ACE.

Gqi M ld. trung didm ctra BC. Hdry so sd,nh MD
udi ME
NGUYEN KHANH NGUYE,N

B,di Lll228 z Thudc 96 AB, dd.u A duoc

xuyAn qua mQt tryc quay, truc ndy d phia bAn
khi thudc
mQt nudc. Thd thudc xudng nudc,'trong
nudc
d.ing yAn th) phd.n thudc"ngA.p
q
d.

CB = AB . Tlrn I4c ddy Acsinwt tac d+ng uiro tlurft .

;
Tlm. lqc dp cila thudc leru truc quqt (trqng luong
thudc lir P. Masd.t 6 trq.c quay duqc b6 qua).
PHAM ntlNC OUv6r.
@a Nai)

(Hdi Phdng).

tsdiT5l228

z Troryu.&phang cho tam giac

AC = 4, BAC : 7500, ffAn dudng
trurlg tr4c crta doq.n BC, ta ld.y didm D 6 ci^rng
phia udi A so u6i BC so.o cho AD = 5. Hd.y tinh
cd.c g-6c cila tam gia.c DBC.

nk

DAMVANNHi

PHAM NGQC BOI

ABCcdAB

4,

lo,r*oir+...+oirl>4V

xtsrss

cd.c

(Neh An).

Chrtng

ph&ng

*'xr: x\996
x, ].xr- x1996

ff

'itq

B}i T9/228:

x,

iai tslzzs : rim

eia phuong trinh.

k=0

3,

R2= R1,R, = 3R, ' U kh1ng ddi' 86

qua gid'
tri d.i\n trd cia dd.y ndi, hh6a K ud Antpe kd.

oiHl'rH,o#fr*"
cAc r,6p rHCB
Bei T6/228 z Cho p lit. m|t sd nguyan td.
Chtng minh rd.ng udi sd m nguyAn kh6ng d.m.
bdt ki, tbn tai m1t da thrtc Q c6 hQ s6 nguyan
sao cho pm lit. udc sd chung ldn nhd,t cia tdt cd
cd.c sd ar: (p + 1)n + Q@) (n = 1,2,3 ...)
BdiT71228

TRAN DUY HINH.

(Blilh Diilh)
z Gidi phuong trinh :

729x4 +

tll1T.:

u_u

Khi K m.d dbn D dqt cOng sud.t fiau thu c4c

d,q.i, (A) cni lA.
1. - Xd.c d.inh s6 ch; 6) khi K dong
2. - Vdi U = 750V, hay xd.c dinh Pa, Uo hic
K m6, K d6ng.

TRAN VAN HANH.

LAI TH6 HI6N

(Qudng Ngdi).

(Thdi Btnh)

: 5 and D and A are

on the same half-plane bounded by BC.
the point D such that AD

ilFd{} Eit,F:lhI S I,'0 R 3'fi i S I S S ti 8i.

For Lower Secondary Schools.

Calculate the angles of triangle DBC.

Tll228. Find nz, z N such that

A=3!nz+ott-61 +4

For Upper Secondary Schools.

is a prime number.

'121228. Find positive solutions

system ofequations :

of

the

xr*xr-x1996

xr]-xa-

x1996

T61228, Let p be a prime number. Prove

that for every positive integer nz, there exists a
polynomial Q with integer coeflicients such
that pm is the greatest eommon divisor of all
numbers ar: (p + l)n + Q@) (n: 1,2,3, ...).
T71228. Solve the equation

* xtgge= x1996
xtsgo*rr- x)ese

729x4+8f[:lz:86

xtggs

.t

TBl228. Find integer solutions (x, u) of the

equation

xt

:U.

T}lzz8.Let S,

:i

k=0

"*,,

where

ru(m-l)...(*-s+1)
u^=T
^s
Find lim ryS,

T41228.I-etbe given atriangleABC,AB < AC,

and the isoscles triangles BAD, CAE (BA = BD,

CA : CE) so that D and C are on distinct

half-planes bounded by AB,,E and B are*on

71+ *o

Tgl228. Prove that for n given unit vectors

---t
larl , ti : 1,2, ..., r1,), in the plane, one can
choose indexes i1, i2, ...,1^ such

distinct half-planes bounded by AC and ABD :

^ Let M be the midpoint of BC. Compare
: ACE.

MD withME.
T5l228.In the plane let be given a triangle
ABC with AB : 3, AC : 4, BAC : 1500. On
the perpendicular bisector of segment BC, take

HO DTIONC (](}NG

"",
(tidp theo trang 11)

+
+.
,+
1o,.,* o,r+ ... + aiRl

7.

tD667Il Choy

*l)x-m2+m

x*m

(m.

sum of the plane angles at vertex S of which is

1800andSA:

0) luOn tidp

xfc v6i

1.

Prove that the total area of the pyramid is

not greater than {5.

y : mx+

giAi ciia m6t

bIi todn viSt ri6ng tr6n

trangthi dinh

mQt tb gid5,. N6lI bei dai nhi6u

O).

8. [D6 141Va] : CMR Ho drrdng thing

C(a):(x -l)cosa +g/ - l)sina -4:0
lu6n
tidp xric v6i m6t drrdng cong cd dinh
(m

SB: SC:

NCUOI GLII BAI CdT CAN CHU Y

CMR: D6 thi hdm sd lu6n ti6p xric vdi hai

dudng th&ng cd dinh

9. CMR: Hq dudng thhng D(m):

nk

4E

TlOl228. Consider a pyramid SA-BC, the

- Ldi
(3nt

>-

that

9
nL

mQt parabol c6 dinh.

chring vio nhau"

- Tr6n m6i bni giA.i ddu ghi hq t6n, l6p,

tnJdng, huydn, tinh (thAnh ph6) vi ghi sti
cira dd ra (khdng cdn chdp lai d6),
-

Ngoni phong bi cfln d6 rd 6&l gidi cfia

sd bdo rudo (kh6ng gui bei cira nhi6u sd b6er

vdo ci-ing m6t phong bi).
... Chi

gti

bni giai vd dia chi

458, Ilang Chudi, HA NOi.

roan rrqc vA TUd;t

TI{.t

rfr

euA Ki rHr Hec sINH GIoI

THPT ru0x roAx xAM Hoc lges - t99G

NGUYEN VIT HAI

Cu6c thi chgn hoc sinh gi6i Torin THPT n6m

nay d6 duoc tiSn hrinh trong hai ngiy 15 vi 16
thdng 3. Thi sinh phAi ldm 3 bni to6n trong 180
phrit m6i ngdy. 397 thi sinh cl&La 55 d6i de dq
thi, trong dci cti 5I d6i cria c5c tinh, thdirh phd
vd 4 dOi c{n cdc l6p chuyOn ToSn thu6c cdc
tnrdng D?i hoc. Cdc.d6i drtoc chia thinh hai
bAng, mrlc d6 dd thi cria bAng A khd hon bAng
B. BAngAgdm 31 d6i vdi253 thi sinh, bAngB
g6m24 d6i v6i 144 thi sinh. M6i dOi cir tdi da 8
thi sinh, trt mOt s6 d6i manh duoc cir nhi6u thi
sinh hon. Didm tdi da cria m6i ngdy thi la 20,
cua cA hai ngAy thi la 40. Kdt quA thi nhu sau :
O Uang A c6 2 gi6i nhdt, 11 giei nhi, 21 gini ba
vd 33 gi6i khuydn khich. Tdng sd giAi cria bAng
A la 67, chiSm ti1626,5q,, tdngsd thi sinh, trong
dd sd giai ba trd l6n ld 34, chidm tila 5},7,lo tdng
sd gini. O Uarg B kh6ng c<i giAi nhdt, c<i 1 gili
nhi, 4 giAi ba vd 6 giAi khuydn khich. Tdng s6
giii cira bdng B ld 1 1, chidm ti 16 7 ,6qo tdng sd
thi sinh, trong dd s6 gini ba tr,0 l6n lA 5, chi6m
dla 45,5qa tdng s6 giai. Tinh chung cA hai bAng
A vi B cci 2 gii,i nhdt,72 giAi nhi, 25 gi6i ba vd
39 giii khuydu khich. Tdng s6 giai ld 78, chidrn
Li la 19,6"/o trjn-{ sd thi sinh.

Danh sdch cdc hgc sinh gi6i m6n To6n

THPT nE'm 1996:
BdngA Gid,inhdt (rtr 35 ddn 40 didm) : Pham

L6 Hung, Ng6
Ha Noi)

Dic Tudn (DHKHTN - DHQG

Gidi nhi (ti 28 ddn 34 didm) : Nguy6n Thai

HA, Nguy6n Anh Tri, Dinh ?hdnh Trung,
Nguy6n Minh Tri, D6 Qudc Anh, Nguy6n Ba
Hirng, Trdn Dnng Hda (DH KHTN - DHQG
Ifa Noi), L6 Long Tri6u (DHTH tp 116 Chi
Minh), L6 Quang Minh (B6c Th6i), Trinh T'hd
Huynh (Nam Hd), Pham LO Son (Thanh H<ja)
Gidi ba (tt 23 ddn 27 didm) : Dang Lan
Hrrong (nrt), Nepy6n Thrii Hoc, Vri HAi Sdm
(Nam Hd), Nguy6n Manh Crrdng, Vr1 Quang
Dong (DH KHTN - DHQG Ha NOi) Ng6 Drlc
Duy (HAi Phdng) L6 Thdnh Ng6n (QuAngNam
- Dd Ning) L0 Anh Vr1, Nguy6n Thi HAi Ydn
(nrl) (Thta Thi6n - HuO), Nguy6n Tidn Chinh
(Thei Binh) LO Minh Hidu, Hodng Anh Ttng
(Thanh Hcia), L6 Drlc Linh, LO Vdn An, Phan
Anh Dung (Nghe An), Pham Tudn Anh,
10

Nguy6n TrongHAu (He Tey), D{ngThanh Hd,

Deng Vi6t Dung (DHSP - DHQG He Ndi),
Nguy6n Tri Phuong (Hd Tinh), Nguy6n Xudn

Th6ng (QuAnS T4).

Gid.i hhuydn khich (tt 20 ddn22 didm) NgO
Dfc Thinh (DH KHTN - DHQG Ha NOi) Trlnh Quang Khf,i, Nguy6n Trung Ki6n (Hd Tdy)
- Hodng LO Quang, Nguy6n Thi Thanh
Thty (nrr), Ph4m Dinh Trrrdng, D4ng Qudc
Drlng, Ph4m Drtc Tung (HAi Phdng)
- Nguy6n Minh Hi6n, Ph4m Thny Li6n (nu)
(Nam Hd)
- Bni Thi Ngoc Tudn (nt), Pham Thdi He,
Nguy6n Quang Trung (Thrii Binh) - Trdn TiSn
Dring, Vu Tdt Thing, Trdn Minh Anh (HaNQi)
- Ng6 Thi Hai (nir), Bii ?hi ?hu (nr), Pham
Ngoc Tudn (HAi Hung)
- Nguy6n Nggc Vinh (Ninh Binh)
- Trdn Trudng Thriy, Trdn Quang Nhat, Lo
Th6i Phong (Hn Tinh),
- Nguy6n Minh Hoang (Khrinh Hba)
- Trinh Htu Trung, Trlnh Hodng Nam,
Nguy6n Ngoc Httng (Thanh Hda)
- NguySn Phung Minh (Thta Thi6n - Hu6)
- Nguy6n Dang Trric (Vinh Phri)
- Nguy6n H6ng Chung (NghQ An)
. - Hd Ven Theo (Quiug Tri)
- Ddm Khrinh Hda (Phf Yon)
- Nguy6n Hrru Quj'nh (DHSP - DHQG He
N0i)
BdngB Gid.i nhi; (trI 32 ddn 40 didm) L6 Van
Manh (Hba Binh)
Gidi.ba: (tt 23 ddn 31 didm) Ng6 Quang
Bidu, Lrr Anh Hda (B6n Tre)
N{ai Th6 Hl'rng (Qu6ng Binh)
L0 Chi Trung (D6ng Thrip)
Gidi khuydn khich; (tt 20 ddn22 didm)
- Nguy6n Ngoc Phung, Th6i Minh Hoing
(Vinh Long)
- Phan Thi Minh Ngoyet (ntr), L0 Chi Tho,
Phan Duy Htng (QuAng Binh)
- Ddo Duy Chung (Gia Lai).
Sau dAy ld cric d6 thi Torin chgn hgc sinh gi6i
THPT nam 1996

NGAYTHI 15-

3-

1996

(180 phrit, khdng kd th6i gian giao db)

BANG A
phuong
trinh
Bei l. Gid,i hQ

(1

md. mdi chinh hqp (a1, aL, .,. ak) th6a md.n it
nhd.t mQt trong hai dibu kiQn sau :
(1) Ton tqi s, t e { 1, 2, ..., k) sao cho s < t
uit, a" > ar.
(2) Ton tai s e t 7, 2, ..., kj sao cho (a, - s)
hh1ng chia hdt cho 2.

lrh.(1*
. \:2
\ x+Yt
J'
t.-.

: 4!2.
lrlzy
" \11--*)
x+Y/
I
Bei 2. Cho g6c tam diQn Sxyz. MOt mQt
1

BANG B

phd.ng (P) khdng di qua S ud' cd.t cd.c tia Sr, Sy,
Sz ldn luot tai A, B, C. Trong mqi phA.ng (P)
dung ba tam gid.c DAB, EBC, FCAsao cho m.6i
tam gid.c d6 hhing c6 didm trong chung udi tam
gidc ABC, uit. LDAB - AS/8, LEBC - ASBC,
LFCA = ASCA. Xdt mQt cd.u (T) th6a nfi.n dbng
thiti hai dibu kiru sau :
(1) (T) tidp xic udi cdc mQt ph&ng (SAB),
(SBC), (SCA), (ABC).
(2) (T) niim tron g g6c tant dian Sxyz uir. nd.nt
ngodi hinh ti didn SABC.

nghi|m thrlc cila

fy -Ya : oa
phuong trinh udi d.n x, y :

Bei

x2y

cila BG

? ,3)

td.nt duang trbn nQi ti6p ddn trgng td.m.bd nhd.t ?

Hay tinh hhocing cdch bd nhdt d6 theo a.
xi hieu f@) ld khod.ng cd.ch b4 nhd.t n5i ffan.

H6i khi a thay d.di trong khod.ng (1, ,

tni
")
hdnt sd f(a) dq.t gid. tri l6n ruhdt tqi gid. tri niro
?

BAi 6. Cho b6n sd thqc khOng d,m a, b, c, d

thoa mdn dibu hien :
2(ab + ac * ad * bc * bd + cd) * abc * abd +

*b * c * d,

1996

BdNG B

dinh td.t cd. cd.c hd.m sd

thda man dbng thdi hat dibu h,iQn sau :

BDri 4 : Hd.y xd.c

f : Z -Z
(1) f(1995) : 1996
(2) udi mqi n . Z, ndu f(n) = m thi

,df(m*3)=n-3.

@b

+ cd).

fht) :

(Z lir. tQp hop cac sd nguyAfi.

Bni

5. Xdt cd.c tam gid.c ABC c5 dQ diri canlt

ud. sd do g6c BAC bdng a cho trudc

BC bang 1

? r3)

uoi tam gid.cnirc

c6 khod.ns cd.chtit

tdnx duitng trdn. nQi tidp ddn trgng td.m bd n hdi

tinh hhod.ng cd.ch bd nhtit d0 theo a.

Hd.y

B}ri 6. Cho ba s6 thqc khOng d.nl x, y, x thoa

md.n dibu ki1n:

xy*yz*xz*ry2=4
Chrtng minh

* ac * ad 4 bc +bd
H6i dd.u bang xay ra khi n?to ?
a

3-

kd thoi gian giao db)

f(n + 2).ftu + 3) - 1996 udi

fitot n e. N'
(N. td tQp hqp cdc sd nguyQn d.uorug.).
Bni 5. Xdt cd.c tam gid.c ABC c6 dQ diri canh
BC bang l uit sd do goc BAC bd.ng a cho trudc
ruai tum gid.c ndo c6 khodng cdctz tir

16.

F lit. trung didm c&a AE.

Chrtng minh rd.ng OF uuOng goc udi BG khi

chi khi OD uuOng g6c udi AC.
BAi 3. Cho n sd (n > 4) ddi mQt hhd.c nhau
e, a2, ... an. H6i c6 tdt cAbao nhi4u hod,n ui cia
n-s6 d6, md. trong mdi hod.n ul khdng c6 ba sd
nd.o trong bdn sd a1, e2, a3t a4 nam d ba ui tri
lin tidp ?

f(n) + f(n + 1) :

*acd*bcd =

ud,

ud.

BANG A
Bai 4. Hay xdc dinh td,t cd. cor hd.m sd
f .'N* *N* thm, man dang thtlc :

ctta a

t2xy2+f=b2

Bei 2. Cho hinhhldin.ABCDnQi tidp trong

mQt cd.u td,m O uit. AB : AC = AD. Gqi G lil
trgng td.m tam gid.c ACD, gqi E ld. trung didm

NGAYTI-il16phft, khdng

hQ

theo cd,c tham, sd thgc a, b.

Chirug minh rang tdnt duitng trdn ngoai

ti6p tant gid.c DEF ld. didm. tidp xic cia mQt cd.u
(T) udi ntat phang (P).
Bai 3. Cho cdc sd n guyan duong k uit. n udi
k < n. H6i c6 td.t cd bao nhiu chinh hqp chd.p
k (a, a", ... a*) cita n sd nguyn duortg ddu fian,

(180

1. Hdry biQn luQn sd

rd.rug :

x*y*z>xy+yfxz.
H6i dd.u bang xd.y ra hhi ndo

11

Danh

cho cocbqnrhudnbi+hivao

fuQ mry0md

$l

rsmo ffip

he"

ffin uffi m0u

Mre t6 pilmm
rnAN PHUoNG

Tlongc.ickithituydnsinhvdoDaihgcvitrong v6.i

BQ d6 Toian ta ttrriang gap dang toSn sau ddy

9a9

bdi torin chua cho bidt dang cria drrdng

c6 dinh (D)

',Chringmintrhgalang coig(C^)c<iphrrong ^ 2 !!rro,ng ph4.p ?,.chi stt.dUng drrgc khi hq

l dudng
Iudn tidp xric vdi mOt dridng gitn\"!"mgy6ut6lu6ntidpxricvdi
trinh y = f(x,m)
'
th&ng c6 dfnh tai 1 didm cd.dfnh- N6u str dung
t2i "da!"n\
augcltri viQc tinh to6n s6 don gi6n hon so v6i
giei
to6n
ndy
dang
ph6p
dd
cd 4 phrrong
"
1. Phuong phd.p nghiQm

phrrong phap

hp

v6i

GiA sfi te-a,iErrgi"ong 1i*1tidp xric

dudng (D) cd phuong trilh -y.:.6i(x) - Khi dd
trong pham vi Chuong trinh phd th6ng bAi torin
g.uqc_!!6l 1n1l .--flI, *) =_q!*) 9ri nghiQm k6p
Vm. Tit di6u kiQn nlry ta sE tim dtac g(x).
2. Phuong phd.p tim didm c6 dinh
Buoc 1 : Tim didm c6 dinh (n6u cd)
M,(xo,v) e (c*):v = f(x,m)
Budc 2; Chrlngminhf(rr, m) = k -const
Budc 3; K6t ludn (C-) lu6n ti6p xric vdi
dudng thingy = k(x - xo) * yo
3. Phuong phd.p^tach b0 phQn nghiQm, kdp

l"[::ri ;?,i;ri:']i;il."rdcj
a<Ae
t \--/ -----o
l(x,m)

,u lulnJu'r1rdr"\Hii?:ffi}?3t#:H""r-,t;
pfr.ro"e phip tr6n

i;;;

li

phuong ph6p 3 giAi quy6t

chua"dho 6iat?a"i

lfiJ ;6 tai toai

Juane

dO

ai"n (o)

Mudn srl dung tdt phrrong

"ria

niy

ph_dp

ta cdn

chri V cdc aac Aid?n sai :

Itneo tOo bidn ddi f(x, m) =

b(yq: !@_ *),*ruur2

1@,A Tv\*) vutL <= k eNviy(r)
n

kh6ng

chtam

J?n",u"

J.l

phai d1t do6n drloc v(r) theo 1 trong

Du do6n 7(r) bing tnrc quan to6n hoc

r r r,u, s@, m,) -,t

df

c,rt,am.

vity(x)kh6ng
'Bxdc

t"w)r-*!l*tt* Khi dd

:*(dhr\t^.,-^-'- - a,z-rrKa.s@:V@'Y:-P@-:
o
I

g(x,m)
2 ; X6t phrrong trinh tuong grao dm dm
f(x,*):y(x) <- ^la(m)x+p(m)lK =O cd *^:-F!*J
u dlm) .X6tZkhAnnng

-B(*)
nghiQmk6pxo:;6
Budc 3; Kdt luAn (C.)

(a)Ndu,
chtam.
'
u=-F@,)ldbiduthrlcc<i
q.\ry) . . . ,
lu6n tidp xric v6i
Khi dd ta sE x6c dinh z(r) bang cdch
d.igog gd dlnh (D) cd phrrong trinh y = y(x) t+r
tiSp didm M o 1xr, T(x))
Buoc 1: Giai phrron gtilff
- g +7n = p(x)
4. Phuong -phd.p tim tQp hqp didm md. hq
df
dudrug cong khOng di qua
Bu6c 2; Vi nghi6m cna 7;: 0 cing ld
Budc 1; Tim t4p hqp didm md hq dudng
g(x' ry) = 9 non thd m : p(x) vdo
cong kh6ng di qua !rr.l,,? rti" td aO' cia caZ 1shiery cliua
sdy
hIm
=
1(i, nt') ta n^hQn drroc ngavy : y@)
didm ney th6a m6n bdt phuong
r--'--- - ;ril;
a(x,y) < fr(x,y)
a -const. Thd
,0, Ndu * : a9:
Buoc 2 : Dt1 dodn drrdng cong cd dinh ln
.d\nt) -.
3: Chrlngminh(C*),y: f(x, m) lu6n ! = b -const.
y) : F(*, y)
Ntnr y ta kh6ng xac dinh drrgc ngay I 1 f @)
luQi :'
mi chi bidt 1 didm-(a, b) e y = y(x) cdn tim
1. Phrrongphdp 1(thrrdngsrldungtro.n-gB-Q Viec khoi phuc 7(.r) phei srt'dqng cric biQn
d6 Torin) la phuong phrip !ri. duy theo.ldi tirlh phdp gidn ti6i kh6c nhau tiy theo tinh hu6ng
dien trlc Id : "Nrii ddn srr tiSp xric ld phii nghi ?:u tLdcria cac bai toan.
Bu6c

tidp 4irc vdi (D) : a(x,

'Binh

k6n'1.

n-g?y dp^q v6q

Pay

\a-pfugng

!6 lghiOm
:
p[a-p eiai Lo bAn bao qu6t v6i d4ng bii torin
icrro Eat
Io ?i"r, tpi r
t^r6c dani
"li-i,i'a"g
niy dii, tinh torin nhrlc
Tuy nhi6n crich giAi
tap, Jd

t2

"-r,a*

ra"

"rti"

i]id.

"Jiiio"g

irrilriiiqp

4.
-' V6 mdt hinh hec ta c<i nh4n x6t sau :
-F,(ry.)
kh6ng phu thu6c vd.o m
4. 1N6u r^ =

dlrn)

thi (cm) luon tidp xric'v6i (D) tai 1 didm c6 dinh

-B(mt phq thugc vin m tht (Cm)

x^: -l:::J
" d(ml
ludn tidp xuc vdi @) {i cac Aidm di d6ng tr6n (D)

Ph.uongphd.p

4.2 Ndu

dd

thi

*!o

2:

Didmcddinh Mo(xo,!,,) e

b3+G-rn)x,,*L*m
=

xo-ffi

*(xn -!n - l)m + x()r v() eJ

?-x.2
()

x.- -1-,xo

0 Ym

-1

lro-yn-1:o
P
l*oyo-bl,-*" -1=0 I -@o,+1))2P -0
V=

P,=-t

2 l^,_o

Ito-

M4t khricy'(ro)=

\ LtE/

(m +

1)2

2x2
o

- 4mr() +L*2- -2m-_1

(*o

- *)2

_-r

-(1 - P1z
%v dd ftri nam sd lu6n tido xric vdi duons
rh&ns"c6 dinh le tido tuvdn vdi a6 thi tai ti56
didm" (-1, -D ^cci " phrrong tiinh 6
y = y'(x){x -x) t!,,ey - x - I
4.J Phttong ph6p 4 thudng dtroc str dung khi
(C,,,) le ho dudng thing cbn (D) li m6t drrdng
cong cci "tinh chdt cria hinh ldi' VD : (D) la
drrdng trbn, Elip, Parabol, ... Ndi chinh xac hon

dridng cong (D) chia mat phing toa dO thnnh 2

mi6n trdi ddu theo phuong trinh ctra (D)

Phuorug phd.p 3 :
@2 + ?s + l) + x2

v-

k*l\2

- (m + l)x + rn
-m

---i + (.r - 1)

= i_x-m

(x

i l\2

Vi phrrong trinfr
f_;(x * lt2
x.

+r - [ :

- |e

-m

lu6n ti6p xfc vdi dudng thihg ! = x - I t?i

didm c6 dinh (-1, -2)
Bdi 2 IDA 921.3] : CMR : Tienl cAru xien cia hdm.

(m + 1)x2 -2nm-l*r -m) -2)

sd. y=-itioil
x-nL
tidp xilc u6i

. Sau dAy In mOt s6 vi du minh hoa cho

binh luin nAy

,, Bdi I : CL{R db
2i+(1 -m\xl-1*m
J
-

c5.c

thi

x-m

ludn fiAp xuc udi 1 duitng tharug cd dinh tai 1

dlem co dtnnPhuorug phdp 1; Ho d6 thi hdm s6 d6 cho
luOn ti6p iri-c v6i drrdng thhng'y : o.x * b

ephtlong trinh

2t2+tl-n)x]-l+:nt

ax

b c.6

--lll1
nghiOm kep Vm *(a - 2)x2 + l(l - a\m +
+ 16-1)lr - (b+l)ni - 1 = 0 cci nghiom k6pYm
a * 2 vd A = 1t-a)2m2 + tz(l-a)(b-l) +
+ 4tu-2)(b+t11m + (b

l1t -o1z :

-\2

+ 4@-2) = O Vm

parabol cd dinh

: Bi6n ddi y=(m+l)x+m(m-L) + -2

c6.n xi6n y = (fir * 1)r * ,rfnr'-Tl
- Ti6mphtip
Phuoig
I : GiA itr tidm can'xicn tiion tiali
Gid.i

xtic vdi parabol y = axz + bx * c kht dd phrrong

tr\nh ax2*bx*c:\trL +l)x+ru(m- 1) ha),

*1!\b,-,1.- nlx *c -m(m - 1):0

cd
nghi6rir k6pVm'
#a + 0 vd A = (7+4a)m2+2(l-b -2a)nt+
+(l-2b+b2-4oc\:0Ym
'11+4o:0
[o:-ll4
.-]t-b-za=o
*)b:Bl2
It -ZO *b2 -4ac :O lc : -ll4
*Farabol phAi tim te y=(I\41x2+1llZ1x - U+
Phuong phd,p 3 : Buoc 7 ; Dtr do6n Parabol
(LAm nhrip) , ,*9 :2m + (x - 1) : 0
' dnx

**= 1 z-r
-]z1r -q@ - 1) + 4(a -,i}(b + 1):0
Ito-\2+4@-2)=o
| -x
la=1
Ttrd m :
lao phttong trinh tiC.m cAh xi6n
VOy dd thi hdm s6 lu6n tidp xric v6i
_t
z^
- lb =
l-r .l-x 'r\
drr&ng th&ng ! = x - 1 tai didm crj hodnh d0
+y: (.l--t
_B
- +1'lt r+ 2 \/ Z
L
\
---Tqa
:
*o :
xo
I
d0
-*2+Gx-l
-2
2A - -t -!o ti6p didm ld (-1, -2)

4
13

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iI
I

haY
*ysina *2coYx * 1 :0
;
:
a
nghiOm
vd
*ysina
+Z)clw
-1
@
(x +2)z +yz < (-1)2 = 1 -DU do6n Id drrdng
trbn (r +212 +f :1

xcow

Bu6c 2; chtlng minh di6u du do6n

*6t Phuong

[:
I
I

trinh
-tz + 6x |
(m+l)x-tm(m-1): 4 -

*+:

-- mz +(x -t)m

-tiorr,

Budc

2; Chfng minh

gidng brt6c2 d tr6n

Bdi 4 : CMR t Hg drrdng cong

Q
: o c6 nghiem k6P' vaY
-^,2
.*)z
-r+
*mx
+3x,3
-5x2
l* xi6n ludn tidp xric parabol !:x5 -4x4

lu6n

ti6p xric vdi 1 dudng cong cd dinh

"a" +(312)x
:71t41x2

3 : Budc 1 (DU dod'n) :

nL
dv
l,t (x, Y) # Ti6m c6n xi6n nio a-:x-*-O*nt-2x'
o*rnu
y-{nl+1)r+m(m-l)
nr'= 2* vio bidu thrlc hdm sd *
nav nJ +@ -|\m + (x -Yl: ov6 nghi6m nz
o>a=(r-112-41r-y;
! : x5 - 4x4 + 3x3 - 4x2 * f ,u dudng cong c6
-----rl+6r-l
> y + Du do6n drrdng c6 dinh dinh drr do6n
-:f
Bu6c 2 r Chrlng minh di6u dtt dorln'
-*2+6x-l
X6t phrrong trinh
'o! = ---4
-i
x5 - 4x4+ &t3 - bx2 + rux *'
Auoc 2 : Chtlng minh di6u dU dorin
X6t phrrong trinh (nz+1)x + m(m-l) :
=.r5 - 4x4 + 3x3 - +r' *X
tr-l)Z
,.
:--12+6r-1
--n-*nL2+(I-l)nz+--it:O
nL')
m2
r-'l-. : o cc; nghiQrn k6P v+Y ey2-mx+ft:
(r-;)-= 0 cci nghi6nt
- +:U:]"
Phuong phaP 4 : Buoc

lnt

I ; (DU dodn) : Didm

liy :

(-ll4)xz + $121x - tl4

adi i tDb 19val. cMR : Hs du?tng thang
O(a): xcosa *ysina *2cosa * 7 =0luOn tidp
parabol efin tim

ric

udi 1 duitn.g cor"g cd dinh

ph.uong phup 3 : Bu6c 7 :

(D{ dodn) : Giii

lftlrt'"1=' [r"o",r?sina * 2cosa+] :: g
he
o
1!
" -1*=in,, +ycosd -2sina o
ld"+ =2;coscr
*Ysina : -1
tlx
l

*]y"o*

Ilcos41 :

<1""*

-(x *2;sina:0

: --+'
1""-;:'*')"'*li
='
- 'i@;#-.A'*1,.*fi;)=

(r * 2)z + y2 = 1 .* Drr do:in drrdng c6 dinh

la dudng trbn (r * 212 + Y2 : 1
Buoc 2: Chrlng minh di6u du dorin

Gsi I (-2, 0) le tdm

ta
*y2:1
*

drtdng

trbn
c6

0.sina*2cosa + 1l

-1

Vcos'd fsln'd
Vay hs D(a) lu6n ti6p xtic vdi dridng trbn
(x +2)2 4y2: I
Phuong phap 4 : Bu6c 1 (Du dod.n); Didm

M
t4

(x,

y)

&' * Z

4r! +'3x3 -

M6t sd bd,i tQP dP dttng

1. tD6 41l.2l CMR Vm. * 0 d6 thi hdm s6
(m*I\x*nt
luOn tidp xric vdi 1 dttdng
"y : * x +nL
th&ng cd dinh

2. tD6 t02l.2l CMR Dd thi hdm s6

! : x'2 + (2nr + 1)r + m2 - | luon tiSp xric v6i
1

parabol c6 dinh

++

dudng congy = -r5 -

3. tD6 4l[Val CMR: Hq dudng thing

D(p),y : (2p + l)x -p2 lu6n tidp xric v6i 1

l"i"o

-Zcov,
ci1l.D1u11:ffi

k6p. VAy ho dudng cong d6 cho lu6n tidp xric v6i

3

dudng th&ng cd dinh

x +2
-=--=@+2)2+Y2

(x +2)2

Phuong phd.p

hq

D(a)

4. tDO l43l2l CMR: D6 thi hdm s6

"'* 'l
(m * 0) luon t idp xuc v6i
y= -m(x*l)+x+2
nr(r+i)-I 1 drrdng

thing

cd dinh

64Il
5"
tDd
* sina
*
cos,rr
*r
sin2
d
x2'cosy,.
r,=#(e*kt.k
-t- cosd

Cho

e Z) CMR; Ti6m cdn xi6n lu6n tidp xric v6i

parabol cd dinh. Tim quf tich tidp didm

57I)
ID6

x-nl
"",_f*-E.-f#-h+a)
v :

v
CMR:' Dd
' vtst'L

hdm s6luOn tidp xric vdi hai dtidug

-

Cho

thing

c6

thi

dinh'

(Xern tidP tran79)

NGUYEN VIET HAI

(Hdi Phdns)

Dd chring minh m6t ding thrlc v6cto ta

thudng durig cdc bidn ddi v6ctd vi str dung c5c

ding thric vectd cd bin. O ddy dtta ra 1 phuong
ph6p chfng minh ding thric vecto khri thuAn
loi trong nhi6u trudng hop ; phrrong ph:ip sii
dung hinh chiEiu vecto tr6n I truc.
1. Hinh chidu cia mOt udcto trn mOt truc :
TrOn mqt phing cho r-= AB vdmQt truc x.
GoiA', B'ldn luot ld hinh chi6u vuOnggdc cria
A vd B tr6n r (Hi4 1)Ja gSi d0 dai dai s6 A'B'
In hinh chiSu cria a : AB. tr6n trucr : ki hi6u :

AB'

"hr(6: "nr1fr1
fi

Hinh 2

Cric bdi to6n sau dny ddu cd thd giAi drigc

kh6ng cdn dirng chi6u vecto. Ban doc cci thd so
sanh -ach giAi d day vi c6c c5ch gi6i d5 bidt, dac
bi6t 2 vi dU 3 vd 4 ndu kh6ng dirng chidu vectd,
c6ch giAi s6 khri khan.

Vi du l.
Cho

Hinh I

V6i dinh nghia tr6n ta dtla ra 4 tinh chdt sau :

l.l cb@): I ol . cosp t trong dri 9ld g6c
tao bdi o vd chi6u driong gtia trUc_{.
1.2 ch, (a + b) -- ch,(.a) + chr(b)

. _

: n"4(6
vft R,
+
1.4 a:b ech*(a)=ch,(lb) uir chr(a):chrlb)
trong dri r vd y ld Ztruc khOng song song. Chrlng
nrinh c6c tinh chdt 1.1,1.2,1.3 khOng cd gi khd
khan. Ta chi n6u ph6p chrlng minh 1.4
1.3

"hlq

Didu ki6n cdn : hidn nhg" qg rip dung 1.1

Dj6u kieg dt : D{!o : AB : b = CD, giA srl :
chrAB : A4r;ch*C! = CtDt i
sP, theo giA thi6't

IEyWD
"!i!:
CPz.
AtBt : C,D1;AFz: =

EACF ld hinh binh hdnh + AC

-Tuong
BD:EF
DELng

= EF

tV EBDF ln hinh binh hinh

thrlcAB = Ai cinnng,tg-

AB:CD,haya=b.

ngoai

LABC.

ti6'p

Chrlng

murh -Iang i
OH OA!
+oB= +oc (1)

"+

')

Gidi.
e Chondttdng

ntrt,
Hitth
thingBC ld tryc,
(hinh 3)
chi6u cria truc
'+ BC ld chi6u
+ c:&a BC
(OA + OB + OC\ =
o ch^^
Dl\++'++
c
h
= u r(o Allch BC(o B +o C) = ch n c(oA) +
3

r(2O lvt) c h e c(O A) +0 c h n c(O

o Tt/onE
trr vdi AB ld truc thi
+o:++'+
choo(OA + OB + OC) = chou(OH)
+c h
r

Theo 1.4 ta

Goi E ld giao cria AArvit BB, F ld giao cria

CC ), DD | (Hinh 2), bang c6ch x6t 2 tarr, glirc
vu6-ng bahg nhau ta suy ra EA ll !C, EA-: 79,
vQy

If vi

Iir tnrc tAm vi

tam dudrg trbn

cci

dine thfc (1).

Vi du Z (xem h'ii tdn

3".

4 6n t6p cu6i narn HH10).

Cdn'vd dri ddJiiinJ le tAlrr drtgng frbn nQi

ti6p AABC ld aIA + bIB + cIC = 0 (2)
'Gidi:
Di6u kiAn cdn
GiA str
(Hinh 4).

1ln tdm dudng trdn

nQi ti6p L'ABC

o Ldv truc r li dudne thins vudng g6c v1i

IA tai A, cri'chidu nhu Einh v6-, H4 BBt, CCr
vu6ng g6cvdix.

15

+E +r7;)
=
"hnc(* rti
o Cfing ttldng trt nhrr vdy khi chon AC li
truc
--'v;vd ta suv ra (3). 3 canh MBC, M vd o lit
ai- a ,h. b, Id
"
chur(d\=+

:l"o"sgbJ1:*8lfl :#:Hff u:'i8"ffi"1

vi ldn luot vuOng ggp v6i B-q CA, A'8,- cirng

;irt&;"6ii; " iiJto1l , IE , I:F trong vi du 3
Chrltgminhging:- - --?^
d7, + Ot4 + c3ru'., = 12S.MO (4)

Itlnh I
+++* ch*lblB* clcl :
clc)=0
cn.lelA+ btB+
: bMt + cACr99rA, ld giao c:&aAI vb'BC,ta
crj nhdn x6t : AB, ud. AC, nguqc htrdng vi
AB, : AC, = AtB : ArC = c: b (theo tinh chdt
cria dr;}ng phAn gi6cAA,), b6i v4Y :
ra
suy *
bABt+cAC,= q
-4+t+
ch*1alA + bIB + cIC) : o : chx(o)
.

yu:f

iii'i'iri{+
fil#,?;*-it#".'-:Hi

.,8

"

u" u

,V1 = ci-(
E
; tr'ilr,,?
(2).
thrlc
c<j
ding
ta
Theo 1.4
Di6u ki6n dtr :
Gii st cd didm 1th6a m6n (2)' Goi 1' Id tAm
d'rdng trbn nQi tidp A,{BC. ThSo di6q ki6n cdn,

t"i

i,

pi.-ii1t a"

Tii

t=ilal

Ilinh

e\

-fr,)*c(d -d|,1
voi I

-rt|*gfr
- o-oii r: i, tt "ld

trtng

Vi du S: Goi (O,fi) vn (1, r) li cric d-rrtngtrbn

nsoai ti6b vd n6i tidp L,ABC. D, E, F ldn lrrot ld
tiep alanr cua (I,r)-vd BC' CA, AB. Goi K ld
:

3R*
oI = --1K fit)
r

Gid.i: nd
o

OM

!rtrt

reng (3)

<=

+ih:fitfr +Ii +r'r1

+rE

Ldy BC le trugxQ! chi6u !9-di6u.cria BC

tBb,goiF= ABC;Y: A{'!B (Hinh5)

Htrth 5

o chor(o\ : churlBl - BCI :

:-a*c-b a c-b

2
z +IB--Z:
:
+c
+IF1
nr(ID

BD - BM
-

2:

ur(I E) +ch rr.(IF)

: r.cos(9oo =y)l,rcos(g0" +B)
(dd in i IE , IFLb.2 vecto cti d0 dai r, tao vdi
chi6u drrong ctrutruc BC eac g6c90o - y-;^90o +p)'
Sau dd ap-aUrg ainn ti sin vio LABC ta c6 :

ch

+f

ch ur.1it\ +ch ss(IF) =r(sin7

Nhu vAy :
16

+i+++

sinp) =

cn

orqtt-o1

: ! kn u.+o - ch s6(oB + oc)l

1++
1+
-t

r'

trong tAm ,\DEF Chrlng minh rang

BC, v\

.1 s+

(a+b +c)rt,

dI:+

: o Tuong trr vi du 3 :ha AK t

OivI:gOe+OB+OC)
Gid.i

bIP +
-Tr2l
cci vd - (2')"i,t
o

*a" i"i;A

U@a)

='SchrrAO = chp1.@O - BA)

I
: 1b2-c2
: ]1-{aN - BI9 =:u{KC
- 'BK1
(theo dinh Ii P$ago)..- ,+
o chnr(aJn, 4 brn, + crn.l) =

^+
,hnc'@34+

.+

"t{j):

b3sin7

c'lsiqd

(xem vi du 3).
=T abc
Do S *g, = 4R n6n ta co
b.tc - c|b abc f - c2 ,^ b' =E 2q-=*t-2o- "'
-2R
Nhrr vay chur(a3n1 + bJn', + crn'r1 :
---?^. 2S(b2 - c21
= chsc.(l2SMo) :
--;o Hodn toen tudng tu khi ldy AB lirm truc
b3c

c3b

vi* la suv ra di6u Phii chrlng minh'

naai, dung duoc phriong phrip !r6n ban dqc
hlv tti.-.chtlne mi::I ding thrlc: sau
TriaAtb-A i trfrlzeQE + GitDc)oc o (5)
i."""
a,; o ta ia* dddng trdn ngohi tiep MBC'
"^-'ffi;;;;t"r,
ao" cun"e tu thiv : tr) rirEt dang
bang ph6p chidu trOn truc
bidt,
de
thfc vect<i
it i"t trOp ta sO dridc cai ding thfc tudlg rlng'
khdc ta c'o ttrd sring tao ra nhirng bii
irf,ri
*ai. Ching han khi ta-chfng minh duoc
toa""a"'li
iBj'ia"g cdc phiiong phSp kh6c. ta sd c6 6c
:

ding thrlc sau :

: o2(rin2c - sin2B) (5.L)
(b, "r)tiozA
(5.2)
1s2 - a2'ysinlB = b2(sinzA - sin2C)
(5'3\
siru2A)
c2(sin2B
ia: -bz'1sin2c =

DE THI TUY N SINH VAO CAC LCTP CHUYBX

DAIHQC TONG HeP (DAr Hec eudc cIA HA xOO
2

ltAtvt

Hec

(Thoi gian
Cdu

I : CiAi

hQ

lim bii : 180 phft)

1^,+l:2
l^r

Cfui

III :
b+1

,lT-

+.tT+x:3.

mintr ring d

M:

GiA s-t

a b lA cac sti nguyen

l'

ldmQts6nguy6nGoidldu6cs6cfra avdb.Chitng

< ,la TT

cfra hinh chr] nhAt

tht

L
III

ring E'E song song v6i 18.

Cdu

oAp AN
. Ilrl -v'=
Tih
r

ab

*y*r2 +b2+a+bi d?()

M{t kh6c a2 + b2 i & Q)

Ti (l) v)-(2) ta suy ra

a +'b'i dr, iry .u, + b > d2 e,la-+-F
IV

CAu

a. b

c.

l" t*rros
lc>d

.s
c)

Ta

Co a

(a

d.Ta phdi chitng minh

sss

+->c +-e(a -.)(t

atb>c*dea

,,i

< ac hav

-;)

d6i+4

2. (1 di6m) Nemdi6m4

,,,*,

[r,)'

)7

[J,:

vonghiQm)

lr'-r'= I
C5chl:Difukie.n-4<x<

raml

41,

O,

F nim tl9[-{rJdng,!qn dgg!&

90o). S:uy

4Q: A!A_
ra AoF : AIF

(cing chin clng A\ (1)

(hQ

F rhu6cvdng trdn

c6

kkhAo (AEo:

k:v
1ri -n': I

lz
x : ---tt

o.

V (3 didm) : 1. (l di6m) AE : AF, ta

b nkinh{AE:Ae

(;) -2: 0e

-l\,
acl

0 (dpcm)

AB .AC sty ra
AE:,fAB .-Ae khong

/r
\

;) ,0.

c > 0 (theo gia thi6t). Vay

(t

Cdu
AEz

> d.

Ki hidr dien tich cira hai hinh chri

(1,5 didtn)..

nhat la S.
Ta c6 S

lt1

ti:
I

-Ndrv-0tacn:

m6t s6 nguy6n

Vi d la u6c s6 chung c[ra a vd b

+t'=2 s-rv ra
- xy - zyz = o "
lr)
1
l,
lr:'
2 He vo nghiCm
- N&ry : 0 thu drJoc j

)q + ? : G - zy' **

(3- r)2 = 5

L oz+b2+a+b
li
tU -- ob

*y*o2+b2*a+bi

3. Chitng minh rdng tAmvdng tronngoai tidp tam gi6cONl

nim trcn mOt <fttong thing cci dinh khi vdng rron (O) thay ddi.

(2 didm) :

(1, 5 didm)

Cdu

CAuV: ChobadiAm c6 dinhl, B, C, thing hdng, theo thfi

t'.I 5y. Ggi (O) la mQt vong trdn qua I vh C. Ke tit I cacli6p
ttynAEvAAF d6n vong tron (O). 1E va F lA.cdc (iep diem).
Gqi O lA t6m ctia vong tron (Q). / li trung dim cia AC, N la
trune di6m cta EF.
i Ctrilng minn rangE vA .F nim trCn m6t vdng trdn c6 dinh
khi vdng tron (Q) thay dtii.
2. Dudng ,|nAng FI iit vong trdn (O) tai E'. Chitng minh

u.uz +

= r f,:b
* fvrlvr-- =2o lx: -z

hai.

= {+-+x ta thu duoc hc

lu:r
e 2a'-6u+4=0olr:z

drJdng sao cho

Cho hai hinh chtl nhAt c6 cirng diQn tich. Hinh

chrl nhAt thir nhdt c6 c5c kich thttcic a va b 1a > b). Hinh chrl
nhat tht hai c6 c6c kich thr:6c c v a d 1c > d). Chrlng mi nh ring
n6u a > c thi chu vi cira hinh chrj nhAt thu nhdt l<in hon chu vi
CAU

lx=o
lr: -3
C ihzt Ddt a : ,{l=x,,
(u+v=3
l-'r
, , . suy ra v :3lU-+V':5

el

llJ
)^ -Y2:1

II : Giii phttong'trinh

- 1996

vONc r

phrrdng trinh

Cdu

a*l
*,
U

1995

1^
AOF =: EOF :
z

EEI

liJl), llBC.
: EE'I+E'E

(2) suy

* llv:t
: -,

3. (1 didm) Gqi

I'
LP: -,
I

^
li

g6c

(2)

triF-:
giao di6m

crha

BC v6i EF. Ta c6

A,AIO s:y raAK AI AN. AO

AB. AC AEz khorryd6i. er mrong o6i.
Suy rall( khOng d6i, vQy di6mK c6 dinh. Vay tam cia vdng
trdn ngoai ti6p tam giec AONInim trn drjong trung tryc cira

LANK-

Ta

+5+2\14-3x-t':9
eV4 - 3x -x' :2
e4-3x-?:q

c61N. Ao

doanKI.

VONG II
(Thoi gian

lim

Cdul:Cho1+,t?T\g,+,tfTl=t

Hay tinh gi6 trj cta bi6u thfic E

rfi

gi6c ONKI li t0 gi6c nQi ti6p. Suy ra vdng trdn ngoai ti6p tam
giSc ONl li vdng trdn ngoai ti6p t0 gi6c ONKI.^Ia c6

: x +y

bAi : 180
CAu

phft)

II : GiAi

hQ

fx+ry+y:1
*z: 3
lz+a+x:7

phudng trinir .lx * yz

Giii

ddp

bii

DIE,M CUA MOI NGI.JOI

di6mvd titng ngtldi trong c6c cAu trA ldi vAo bAng

s6

"urlir*I,
XuAn
XuAn

tri

lr,i

Ha

'l'hu

D6ng

10

lla

rre ldi

I'hu

rri

'7

Idi

tra ldi

Da)ng

vlllT

Can c;r vao didu ki6n :. Kh6ng c6 ban nAo dtlQc 2 ban n6i
Klv ra :
rltng vdi s6 di6m cua mrnh ta K-ry
dtn
cunr:i: dune

'ltak
1 Ia khdns

dudc diem 8

Ttiu kh66e dir.1c di6m

7.di6m 7.
khd-ng duoc
du0c diem
l)ring khd-ns
Donu

:
-

vdu ul@
dio.r ki6n,. rv.
Moi cau lre ldi chi noi dtings6
<'fn Lu
\-all
itrvEo
.
^rqrrra
dicnr cua m6l ngudi ta slly
XuAn dUdc
dt-ldcB8 va Thu dtldc
dtJrlc 9
dudc 10.
Va D6nc
D,
Tri d6 suv ra Ha dudc 7 ve
KuAn 8. 'I'6u 9 va D6ne 10.
T6m lai ia c6 : Ha 7. XuAn
(I
64. ('huver
6A.
Chuv6n Gia [ai).
fDua
l)da theo Dodn Ph[
Phri An 64
giai d6p tfit
,lhi)t'r xdr: Tdt cA cdc ban
.tep a&r co glal
grrr giii
gi;i .fep
oqn giri

sCi

rnorc

BA\ cO

Bdn cd vua cd 64 6, trongdri s6 c5c 0 tr6ng

bing s6 cdc 0 den vd xen ke nhau.
C6c ban hay vidt vdo m6i 6 cira bdn cd mOt
s6 tt 1 ddn 16 sao cho th6a m6n c6c tinh chdt :
1) 56 cdc 6 drroc vidt tt 1 deh 1 6 Ia bang nhau.
2) Tdng cacs6 viSt trong cdc 6 tr6ng cria m6i
hdng ngang hoic m6i hdng doc d6u bing nhau
vd cring bang tdng c6c s6 viSt trong c5c 6 den
cria m6i hdng ngang hoic m6i hdng doc.
3) Tdng c6c s6 vidt trong c5c 6 n6m tr6n m6i
dudng ch6o cira bdn cd cung bang nhar.r.
N(;AN IIO

BiNH PHTJONG
CAu

l-

VZ *l

III :

Cho x, ,y

>

0 ve .? + yz

1. Chilng minh

ring

Cdu

+./'< I

CStt U--: Tim s6 nguy6n c6 chin ch!---Sd

a
tr ong d o a, - O v i b rb rb, : Z . d { za 3,
ra y rb rb rb 3a \a za 3
I
thdi
c6
th6
vidt
durJc dtrcii dagA : p? pl p1 . pl"ai
d6ng

lv"

l^

+1y < t'

Cdu

ra dudc

v6i

0 -,{fTi)tmawc,

+,FT3) :

3(y

-.[t-+-5)

(2)

+-Y:0

ll (3 didm) : | [0 d5 chrr tudng dudng

lG+1)(y+1)=2
.l
0+tXz+1):41x1

Cdu

+y) :

0 =+.r

,rrrr,

[(z+1;1'+l):8

Kit hqp voi (+) sry ra ngrriqm ]f

l.-c

2)(x+ l)0+ l)(.r+ tr

(*)

: -g

s.ry ra nghiQm

[*:= -.

\Y

l0'+-U-

arararb

tO'+ br!rbr.

P*{{zo,

arna,

aragrttoo

Dobrbrb.< 1000+.a(2aj < 500+ lo < p <23

Nh-UAy" chi co thE l?r 17 hoic lq

+ ararar: 289
hoic a (f 3: 3bl

le :
dApS' l, :
AN {ot"

cau v e didm) , Tu.(

" NC =

ta

"rryr=

(
= a-a-a^
.....l#\ 1002001)
)
= a f )a \. 7- 11-. 13'
YAy ara.a.phar bing binh phrlong cira m6t sfi nguyn top

dLloc

z.gsslazg,)

3bt7223trt

sottn s'"

q;: s.,; r-,

s,o, ID .lM - AN
s,^,* u .lN
d s,r*- : IB Jrr4 tudng lu t.^ = /(lN nen
N('

IA ID IA ID
IB IC: IC IB
IDU,4
Ta lai c6
E: rc
AN AI2
Tird6NC: .

-2

[,=-s

ISSN:0866 - 8035
Chi sd :12884
M5 sd: 8BT30MG

tO3

106+ 2. oro.or.to3

NhrrvaybAi to6nco hai

v.ti

NhAn ha phudng trinh lai

[(x+r)f+1)(z+r)12:t+
1) (x + 1)(v + 1)(.t + l) : $
lx: I

+y2 -- l

kh6cv6iT,ll ll.

10

CQng (f ) vA (2) v6 theo v6 ta nhan duoc : 6(-t

+yr

(3 didm) : A

=;rrr%.

2.

+,fy-zTt) = 3(x - \rrlT3) (1)

NhAn ca hai vd cira ding thilc da cho

+y3 <

*r., {: :; :
t

tZ4rjtir'.;'lt .Fc.-rf, {y'r' =

=

oAp Ax

K6t hgp v6i

<v'

giA thidr

truoc h6t ta c6^:

(lyjzli(+y1:z+x+y<V7.

AN AI)
fVr -,1'

Cau I (3 di6m) : NhAn ca hai v6 cua d8ng thitc dA cho v6i

: l)Tr)

Zl

P1,P2,P3,PalA b6n sfi nguyn t6 kh5c nhau.

CAu V: Ohovdng trdn (O), v6 hai dAy anngAB,vd CD cit
nhau d 1(1nim tr()ng vong tron). GoiM ld trung dim cuaB2
M/ k6o dii c{t AC it N. Chilng minh ring :

-3(_r

(3 didrn)

Q*?
*.1^" -- ^,=l

A:

(r - {F:B)

III

NGT]YF,N VAN MAt

Sip chLI tai TTVT Nhir xrdt bin gi6o duc

In tai nhA m6y in Di6n Hdng. 59 Giing Vo
In xong vA nQp ltlu chi6u th6ng 6/1996

Gi6 2.00d
Hai nghin ddng