BO GrAO DUC

vA DAO TAO * UQr TOAN HOC vrFT NAM

rAp csi na sANc rt.ANc

*
*

I}A TIIffO NdT XTNG IrA fXI;

qw

DUNG

THVoNq coP.A P.ATI> DrrNH cHO NIT SINH qW TIAN

* DE rHt ruyEn stnn DFI Hgc D6l ctroNc DHoG Tp HCM

*
*

ruyfN

roAN , TIN DHSp

TO'MQT BAr roAN THr v6 DIcH eudc rd
oE' THt

stNH cHuypn

li
I

Cdc

tkiy gido vd dbi

tuydn hoc sinh gi6i trudng

Ii

Hdng Phong, Nam Dinh

.t

TOAN HOC VA TUOI TRE

MATHEMATICS AND YOUTH
MT]C LUC
Tlang

o Dhnh cho c6c b4n Thung hgc co sd

Tdng hi|n tdp :

For Lower Secondary School Leuel Friends

L Quang Tlung - Da thrlc ddi xring vd
rlng dung

NGUYE,N CANH TOAN

Pho tdng bin tdp :

NGO DAT TIJ

HOANG CHUNG

o Gi6i bei ki trndc

Sulutions of Probletns in Preuious
C6c bni ctra s6 236

o
o

Issue

GiAi thudng Cora Ratto dinh cho c5c b4n

nit sinh gi6i to6n

10

Dd ra ki nhy
Problems in This Issue
T11240,..., ..., "ll0l240,Lll24o,L2l240

o Th6ng b6o chuydn trg sd

o Nguydn Van Minh - D6 thi tuy6'n sinh
Dai hoc dai cUong, DHQG TP

o Doan Minh

Cudng

D6 thi tuydn sinh

- tin DHSP
o Tfd.n Xud.n Dd.ng - Tt mQt bhi to6n
thi vO dich qu6c td
o Gi6i trl to6n hgc

15

Bia 3

BAo, Nguy6n Huy

Doan,

Nguy6n Vi6t Hai, Dinh Quang

HAo, Nguy6n Xudn Huy, Phan
Huy KhAi, Vu Thanh Khi6t, L0

Hai KhOi, Nguy6n VEn MQu,

HolLng L6 Minh, Nguy6n Khic

Minh, Thdn Vdn

Nhung,

Thanh Quang, T.

Hdng

Nguy6n DEng Phdt, Phan

Tldn Thdnh
Thinh, NgO
85
Khdnh
Thai, L6
ViQt T[ung, D?ng Quan Vi6n.
Drrong Thqy,

Bia 4

Bin

NQi

rAP

Bia 4

,'

81 Thdn Hrrng D4o, Hh

BIEN

Qu6ng, D4ng Hirng Th5ng, Vr1

Fun with Mathem,atics

Binh Phuong - GiAi d6p bdi
Anh ddy td vd 6ng chtr
Nguydn Huy Doan - Nhdn drroc
bao nhi6u qui

Tr\L sd tda soan

11

13

chuy6n to6n

o6ttc

Nguy6n CAnh Tbdn, Hoing

Chring, Ng6 Dat Tf, L6 Kh6c

11

HCM

nOt

DT

:8220073

td.P uit

tri s4 : VU KIM THIIY

LE THONG NHAT

lE!
t7, o?
lEl

.
.{[

T[ong chuong trinh torin d rHCS, khrii ni6m da thrlc da dtroc trinh bdv

,s

-""#iil;iJl:,"iHli,fl ixti}liEil^8tl,,",i:i?fl l?ff {9,;1",1,i;5",ru

tifi
cta nd, cht y6u lA cric-da thttc
2 dn vi B dn.

o
=.
U)
o

Ifr

let
l.H

l"#

lal
l"H

IX
lu
R(3

tfr
rl)

tF)

s"b

iH
.$Ei
s#

I - T6m luoc li thuydt

; Y.Ol ,a.r thr-lc 3 4n.!, y, z dusc gei td d.a .thilc d6i ntng ndu nci
J: ?]!:!
Knong
rnay "p^!l*.
dor gra tn khi ta thay thd m6t crich tuy cac dn x, y, z cho iha:u.
g
Vi du 1 : - 95c da thrlc sau ld cdc da thrlc ddi *,lrg ,
zf
x*_y, x.y, x2y +xy2,r, *yr,r, *yr, ..., x2 *y2 +z2lf +y3 +23 - kyz
(r
- Cdc da thfc sau kh6ng qhai le dp thrlg ddi xrlng :
F
,_.

(,

z
:)
g
{lJ

x - y, x. -

!r, x. -

3y. +%y,

2. Da thilc ddi xung cd bdn

a) Dathrlc 2dncd 2^da.thrlcd6l*,i.gcobAn
b) Da thrtc 3 dn cd 3 da thrlc d6i xrlng co

...

:d, = aly,d"t = yy
5, = x *y * z, 6" = {v *xz *yz. d^ = xyz

bAn':

3. Bidu didn da tliuc adi xung qfia cdc da tnri"'adi xiig co bdn
a) D6i vdi da th.d.c 2 dn vi6c bidu di6n kh6ng khci khan ldm ching han

xzy+xy2: xy(x*y) : 516r,x2*y2 = (x+y)2 -by = al- za,

*, +y, = k +y)3 - Bxy(x*y) : Al - Sdrar,,..
b) D6i v6i da thfc 3 dn vi6c bidu di6n kh<i khen hon, nhtrng ta cri thd

dirng phrrong ph6p hO sd bdt dinh nhu sau :

- Tludc hdt ta coi mdt da thrlc 3 dn vidt drr6i dang ddy dri ld
f(x, y, z) : ttxorf v't + t;xarybz*z + ... + t*f

^jl.*^

Hang trl t{Uba', cd b6 s6 mu ld 1au bp ci)

Vi du 1 :f(x,!, z) : x +y3 +23 - kyz = x3yozo+xoy3zo ixoyoz3 -kyz
- Phrrong phrip bidu di6n :
+ Chon hang trl cao nhdt giA sir ld tf ,f artc<j b6 s6 mri ld (a,,, b,,, cr)
bO s6 mri (d,,m,,n,) th6a mdn d, *m *n,: a,*6. *c

"UiU).!"i!cA.cl,c
+' Gie' ,A'1{r, !, t) = h11,-*,.d!lnd\r+ nrd!;^z.d!z-nz.d\z+...

+ k,61,-^dT,-nd\,
Cho r, y, z nhitng gi6 tri tiy y ta tim drroc k,, h", ..., k,.
Vi
dU.2. Bidu di6n da th(cf(x, !, z\ = x3 irt +23 qua c6c da thrlc d6i
_
xfng co bAn.
- Hang trl cao nhdt Id 13 cci b6 s6 mu (9, 0, 0).
-Vidt tdtci.c6cb6s6mrl: (3,0,0), (2, 1,0), (1, 1, 1).
- GiA srl ; f(x, !, ,) ht63r-053-od3 + hrSl-t5t-oa! + fral-,al-,a1 =

:
: ki? + kzdp2 + k363

Chor: l,y: -2lz =.ltaiuQcdr_= O,52: -B,d: - -2suy rahr- B

-r: 1, ! = l,z:0ta_dtrg9d, ] 2_i5z= _1,71 = 0silyra:8kr*2h)=2
3,dr : 3,dt ="1 suy ra:2'7kr+btrr+5 = 3
. { 1,J :-1, z =-l_tadudcdr
ttldcisuyrakr=
l,kr= -3 t'=
=
YAty : f(x, J, z) = di - 3dld2 + Sr.
II - Ung dung
1. Phd.n tich da thilc thdnh nhdn tu :
Viau-3
Ph,an tich da thircflx,y) : x3 +k3y+Lrzy+lx2y2+?-ry2+kj1 +y3
.
thinh nh6n tr}.
F ",, f(x, y) = ^(x3 + y3) + ky(xz + y2) * by(* + y) + k2y2 =
ffr5r+ uz(6? - 2d) + 2di2+ M|= 61- 6rdr+ s61b2- M3.=
d?
= (dr * u2)@1

- 5r) = (x + y + 3xy)(x2 + y2 + xy)

v4y ta
1,, ="r

oq

"o
+,[i

v==-l.a c6c nghiQm

{'j
.b;=
|

i-

Vi du 8. Tim cdc sfi ngr,1y6n drro4g th6a

man phrrong trinh : x! +1'-+ t = fry pat

lEr

dl=x+!,d2=xYtaco:
<+
51- 36pz+ ! = Mz
(d1+ lxd?- dr+ 1- %r)= 0 Vi r, y > 0 n6n
5L = x*y > 0 do dd d1 + I *o v'ay df-d, +

lr,=r-ghoac
]rr=t*a
I g.

Giat phuong hinh can thtc

Vidrl5.Giaiphrionghinh: 11FI+

tE:;

A-

=1

Dat 1fr-2= u, 113-r

=
'\f*1!,1
hC
Khi dd ta c<i
]n
^ = i'

[[[ =*i

lla^ =
lI 125r)2 zal=
r*l[ri=t (toai)
1,r?
l.{,. _,
[d, =1
[u=thoac \f'=r"
t"
[d. =

o
"o i, : I
{' = r
1rr=
t
*ur, ]; I thiph,ro.,ghinhcxrngtriemr =

+l-9f.z=0suy ta6, = rfU?-dl +1).

Nhu.viy ta phAi tim r, y nguy6n dttong sao
<+
lr*Y=d,
Phuo'* trinh bac 2
"no
= | ra? - d, * 1;
lr,
t1
tt z2-6rz+ita?-d,*1)=o

3.

+.lt1p phuong trinh byc 2.

vi a,ia. Lnp pirrong trinh bQc 2 : xz + px +
* q = 0 c,6 2 nghi6m i rt = ll' + Zyl,*r=
=y1.+41 t or.g dd yr, /, Id nghiOm cria
phuong trinh : y2 + 3y * 1 = 0
.

:Jr 1!z= -g

TheoVi6t:.l.rrr'v v
: !1!2= |
l"
Tb cri : x, + i, = 01, + $> + Z1X1+ Ytr) =

= @?,- zdr)z - zdz+ z@1-

dr)

68

xt.xz = ylyl.+ 4y1t7,+ 2(y1+ yr) =

= dl+ 4dZ+ z@1- Mlar+ M'r*tr- 2511= o+s
VAy phuolg trinh bQc 2 cdn tim li :
xz - 63x * 649 = 0
5. Chtlng m.inh cd.c h\ng ^dd.ng thtlc.
Mdq 7 Chor+y = l,# +f = qf +9 = 6.
chrlns minh rins :1a(a + 1) = 9b + 1'
Tb"cr, ,3 + yT = (r * y)3 - \xy(x * y) =
d?

- 3d,d, suy ra 6, = +

Met kh6c

,}n2
:"
=

x2\/3

b:

x5

*y5 = x5 +ys

+x2y3 +

x3,y2

Gf'f"tf[{ t:'if t' ;fit\-i' :

- 252)@31- sli) - 5153.

1t - 26r)(r - Mr) - dtr =
@?

tuZ+1a-l
^
=l+-odi-il2=-g
VAv 9b = # +tu - lhaY 9b a 1 = S6(o + 1)

6.'-Tim nghiQm nguy1n cia

trinh ddi nlng.
2

7. Chilng minh c^d.c bd.t dd.ng thuc

Tt" lror, 6a @ - y)z + (y - il24 Q - x)2 >- 0
+2(x2 + y2 + z2) - Z(xy * xz * yz) > 0 +
2@?-26)-262> o o5?. > s, ff bdt ding thrlc
ta chdng minh drrgc {ao'bdt dingthrlc khdc.
niy-Vi
du 9.-Chqng minh cdc bdt ding thrlc :
(ab
+ at *bc)z > fubc(a+b +c) Vo, 6, c e R.
a)
b) (o + b + c)(ab * ac * bc) > 9abc Va, b,

cR+
r) Tt llr-Mzhay (r * y 1z)2 >
xz
'Ga* yz) dat

i- L" +

3(xY +

r = ab, y
bc)2

>

ac' z =^bc ta-duoc :

3(a/bc
= * abLc + abczi :

Sabc(a+b+c)
b) Bdt d&ng thrlc cdn

dllng minh tuong drrong

: 6r.5r.- 953.Y\ a, b, c drrong non dP d2,

d, , 6, tt "a" bdt : dl >Mrvit 63.-fiit
v6i

2.

Khiddx=!=T=1.

** {; -t I *, phrrong trinh cd nghiQm x = 2.

tdr

1-

A = -;(dl -D2. a < o r,duSr*

Vfly ta phAi cri U, =al* Y = 2
c<j

cd.c phuong

ta ca 6!61>- gAi263 suy ra 6?.-95263

III - MOt sd bDri tfP.:
i. pna" ii"n a, thtc'2ixa - x3y * g*2yz
+ 2va thanh nhAn tr? :
xu3
2. CiN hQ phttong.trinh :

llW-+
'

4{7t+v =

4. Ifip phrrong trinh b{c 2 '- xz + px * g : 0

acnghiQm
=
47,*, = y3- \lT.wng
Ii nghiQm cta Pt : Yz + 2Y - 4 = O
d6 y,,y,
-fl

\ tI-

efifng minh hing clB,ng thrlc :

"."
@ + y1+ * xa + la = 2(x'+ xy * yL)'

O.

I\m

ngniQm

ngu*n duong cua phuong hinh

x+Y-xz-xY*Y'
7. Chrlne minh cdc bdt ding thrlc
a) az +62 + t >- ab * a * b Ya, b e R
:

b) (\6+ rl6)t, 64ab(a+

b12

Ya > o, b >- o

t--

ding thrlc trd thnnh ding

. .Th"g (1)dgthit bdtd6
,1f".
clo trrong a;d"g ;aT
e
P"
l:ro=yL=zz

lty=yZ=ZX .+ X:!=Z:2.
lxyz = 8
' Nhfn x6t:
I

t6n nhdt

f.6 "n""s
"il:ii'Ar!'lu;u';rur{*
Ldi__gi6i (QUa theo Dodn HAi Giang, 7A
-, Khidg Quj'nh Lrru, Ngh6 An). fitrdc

f.tqng
h6t, ta x6t bdi todn sau dAv :
"Ydi a, nL, n e N+ thi trn - 1 chia h6t
- \; o" - 1' (*) (Vi ph6p chia da thrlc
"Lo_o'
gT
- 1 clo cdc da thrlc ah -' \ ; on - 1 ld
klolg.q{ drt). Bqy gid ta ph6t bidu vi chrlng
minh bdi torin tdng qudt-sau dAy :
a, m,,! _Flv_ya c_> I thi (o* - t ;
- 'Vqi
on
- 1) = o(- ;n)
- 1". Thdt vdv. d.et d- -

= (ot - l; an - l) _v_n d. = (m'!n).'ta o'hei

chrlng minh d, = adt. TtI (*), ti c6 ad2'- |
Id u6c cta om | | ; an - 1, suy ta adz - 1 la
rr6c cta d, (*x). DAo lai, d6 d: > 0 vd ld u6c
s6 cta m.i n ndn d6 d}.ne ti"m duoc hai sd
nguy6n drfOng x, .y
th6a m-en : mx. - n4v = d.^.
Met kh{ic, do d, -le u6c cria am - | | a" - 1
n6n tr) (*), ta cd d, Ia udc cta om - 1 :'otT - 1.
Do {,i d, l_d rtdc 6,iq (o* - 1) - (an! - t) =
:---ay -'a!Y = q.nv(rl-trx-nl - 1) : aY@dz - l).
Kdt hbp (***) vdi (#), ta c6 d, ad2 l.
\4, bai to6n tdng qu6t dd duoc ftai= *orrs.- Ap
dung vio bii torin dang siAi, fa c<i sd cdir
tim ld 24 - I (= 15), vi-(I96+ : 1996) : 4.
Nhfn x6t. C<j 175 bai eiAi, tdt cA d6u
F?igr4i
f-,1"g-, trong dci cci m6t sd b4n cring ding
t6ng qudt nhrr tr6n. Ngoii ban" Doai
Igi
HAi Giang ra, cdn ccj cdc ban Eau ddrv ccj ldi
gr_q-.tgt:_Thanh H6a : Le kim phuons gC
THCS Ndng Khi'u Tp Thanh UAa\. t e
Tang-5o2.\7A,, {K HoBng Hda) Hi Ngi :
Thdnh.!!ung (8M, Marie Curie),
Aq"y6!,
Tfd,n Luu Va,n QC TECS Neoc Ldm). fyAi
Minh Qud.n (8H PTCS TltrnE'Vrrone)'Vinh
Phric : KiEu Viet Cui,nR (gtrPTCSthuven
YeL Lp) Pht1 The : Nguym Kim Sd (itL
PTTH Thanh Ba) Hii PIidirS : tn Minh Anh
(8A1 Hdng Bdng) Nam Diih z Philnp Van
Hud.n (8 Nang Khidu, huv6ir Giao ThrivJ Bac
Li6u : Luong Thd NhdnlSA PTTH CliuvOri)
oANc vrEN
FiLi T2l23G : Gidi hQ phuong trinh
)*o * to + z4 =8(r +y + z) (1j
(2)
lxyz :8
Ldi eiii : (cria nhi6u ban)'
Tb cc, (a - O7z + (O - ci2 + (c - a\2 > O
Ya,'-'a2
b, c
+ b2 + cz > ab + bc * ca Va. b. c.
Bdt d&ng thrlc trd thinh ding lhrtc <=+

a=b=c.

Ap
- dune vdo bdi todn ndv ta cri
,a +14 + z4 2 *2y2 + i'r' + z2x2 >
> (xy)(yz) + (1tz)(zx) + (ix)(xy)

=xyz(x*v*z)
K6t"hgp
+ y4 + 24 >
"6i Q)'thi ra
>8(x+t+z)

.-J) Tlopg 267 bdi giai gui v6 cci hai ban

gral sai tim ra 4 nghiOm vA m6t s6 ban'li
luan s^ai :,'x4 + y4 + z4 > 3 3.FF7 =+a
_. = 6(r * y + z) >- 48 + x * y i z > 6. Ddu
ddng thric xAy ra (t?i sao lii xAy ra ?) +r
X = ! : Z :2",
2) Nhi6u ban srl dung bdt dine thfc theo
khlc_ phrlc t4"p hon tiuy'"a" Eri"g ii
{lgl,igrlg
"t
_ 3) Hai ban Phan ViCt B6c, gt piran BOi
9Fa",. Ngt .At. va Ir4i ft int, N;il; 8[
Uhuy6n Quj'nh Phu, Thrii Binh ccj nhdn x6t
dfng : "thay 8 bdi a * 0 thi h6 vhn ccj
nghiOm duy nhdt x = .y : z : to" (v6u cdtr
a * 0 dd dd tdm thrrdns ?).
C{,c ban cci ldi giai"tdl hon ld : Thanh
_ 4),_!-e
7A, NK. Hoang Hria ;
!9,q Van Tg"gSon_,
Mai
Hd, -7 TN,, NK Bim Soi'._ Nani
p,inh,: Ngyytn*lu"{_a"at, gT; NKV V6" ;

UflI&#;xro,*flir7.,7,,u,,*$iu""it*oT,?!;

Quang Dat, 7T, Chuv6ir L6 Khidt : Niuydn

Thi Phuong Uyan, 7 Chuv6n Nshia Ha'nt.

ilrlt*,' rf :tE r[! L u':,T+,Ei *8"i$i

ffi
Tinh. Declec : Ta" @ud'c ntune.-"D.roon

Thd,nh An, 8T Chuv6n-NsuvOn Uu. Nsh,6

An: Nguydn Hod,ng Sdo,-8-Tbrin Tin,T{K
ptra"--gdi^drra".
Y_i.nb ; eiu Vit T\tZn,
Ha NOi z Pham Mv Dinp,'8A. Chu Van An,
TY?ln Minh Qud,n,-8H, Tfirne'Vrlons t Khrti
Quang Ngec,8A,, GiAns VO.-Thta Thi6n -

gi

fi i,'.t'*il%T/ft

,9ffil;9""+FLrt6r1ilqvff;:t:i
r'
Y ffi-# \flu, Ih,f;,u\%.ur,t*; 3"1,:
fitm
Kh6nh Hdi : Tfd.n T\tdn'enn, gf,-f6 8G
D6n. Phti Ths : Nin TLdn, OeZ,'etruyoi,
Vi6t T!i, Hir eitans Chidi: g'A,-.-t"io"s da"
t6c vA nQi trri. Hh-Thv z ChuThily Dilons.

&n#Bl'ffi"*riib,' ggt' *,r{ ?' rf,l,* n#t

Nhdn, Ttuong Ydn Nhi 8A, Chuv6n" Bac
Licr. Hii Duong : D6 Ctins l{iris.-Li

#ff
, ?t F,;,f[",Yf, #1b u'"Xff; IH
Mau : Ttd,n Nsoc
"

Dilc,'9A. TtrOi Bintr.

Quing Ni4h : Eia Tien Si, 8A: TYons didm
U6ng Bi. Vinh Phti z Ttdn fh{ fhi Fiuone.
9A, Ch_uy6n Vinh Tudng. Ninh Binh : Il
Hbng Linh, 9T, Chu.y6n:thi x6. Hir Nam :
Lj Thitnh Nant, 9q NK'Duv
-,r,Ti6n. An

chuv6n
Fi:ilq.f*f?ir,fl #ff*"rx:,
lE rsdNc ruHAr
BAi T31238 z . Cho 2n sd

al, a? ..., ani b I, bz ..., bn th6a mdn :

1) ot < az < ... 53,

2)bi>0Yi = 7,n
m = ntin (oj -

Dq.t

/ <1<j <n
Chilng minh rdng

oi, ar),

M = ntae {b)
/<i<n

M(a,b) t o,b, +... + anb) >

'- l@r+b.+...+bn)z.
Ldi eidi : c'ia Phan Thanh Titng, 9TA,
Phan BQi Chau, Nghe An. Di6u ki6n : o, >- 0.
Vi ndu o, < 0 thi khi cho o, : ct, =
: ct : d :b, : 1. 6. = b- A ... :b- =S.
1b crj- i trlwrbr' +tarbr'+ ... + ot n )>

, \far+b2+...+bn)z trd

thdnh o,

li vi o, < 0)
a. 2 0 ta suv ram 2 0.
o, ) * i a.t - dr > rn + a,
Td tui
va til dd "o
suv'ra a^ > 1.. ', d^ > n.ftL -

,zal

(v6
vdi

BFC
>- 2m

> Mi;nb, + 2m6.'+ ... I rimb^)

= mlvt(b, + 2b. ++ ... ++ nb-\
+ b1 +
= mlMt6, + bi ... b^'t"+ M(b,
+... +b_) +'... + M(b': , b^\ + MbJ
-- ntLb,b,+u, + + b:l'+5n(6, *q t
+ ... + bm) + ... * bn_r(b.,_r * bn) + b;)
m

= itpl* o)+ . + al1+1or+ bz+...+ b)21

;
, i (0, + b" + .,. + b)2 (dpcm)
Ddu "=" xriy ra khi 6, - br:... = 6. :
r i
= e.

gcic v6i AC), vit kdt hop vdi MN ll BF, ta c6

-Arunf lA hinh binh hdnh. Md, BM = MN = MD

n1n BMDF ld hinh thoi, suy ru

.F'

c6

d6i xrlng vdi

qua
BD vd trung voi E. K6't hop v6i (3) ta
-MDE

trirng r-di LAMN

vi

ld tam gi6c d6u.

Nhfln x6t. Ccj 60 bai giAi trong d<j cci 1

bdi trA ldi li tam gi6c thrrdng, 3 bai trd tdi

li tam gi6c cdn, cdn lai d6u trA ldi dung. Ldi
giai t6t g6m cci
- He NQi : La Anh Vinh (8A, PTCS GiAng
:

... a^-: 0.
x'et. t: Dd tiSng Vi6t ctia bdi nAy
r
in thidu. Thdnh thit xin l6i ban doc vi tdc
giA d6 ra.
- 2. Cdc ban sau ddv cci ldi siei tdt : Phti
Thq : Ha Quanq Cti,idn, 9A,] Dan t6c ndi
trti huvOn S6ns Thao. Hda Binh z D6 Thu
Hd, 9A: THCS Huu Nghi. Hir Tay z Luu
TiC'n Dic ; 88, Chuy6n V-T Ung Hda. NShQ
An z Phan Vit Bd.c, 9A, Phan BOi Chnu.
Kh6nh Hda : Tldn TLdn Anh 9T, Le Quy
D6n' Nha Tlang'
hoac
khi e,
'Nhin

K6o ddi BM ch-t6i cAh-AC t4i H, ta c6

AHB= 180('- MBA- BAH= 1800-10o

- 80o = 90o, suy ra BM ll DF (.v|cilng vu6ng

r.ci NcuvF.N

Vd). Nam Dinh : Chu Th| Sdn (Li 9 Nang

khi6u HAi HAu), Vu Tidt Tdi (9 To6n Nang
khidu HAi Hnu). Tfd.n.Dic Hieu (8 to6n Hdn
Thuy6n). Tp Hd Cfri ltinfr t Chung Nhdn
Phil t9"11 Nguy6n An Khuong H6c Mdn)
Bic Ninh z"nbang Titng r$ ehuy6n Torin
Nang khi6u Ti6n Son). NBhe An : Phan
Thanh Tlung (9 Torin A PTTH Phan BOi
chnu Tp vi;h), Hb Nghta chd,t (.7A Nang
Khidu Quj'nh Lrru). Vinh Phfc : V{t Van
Phong (9a THCS Chuy6n Vlnh Tudng),
Nguydn T?ung LQp (98 Chu-v6n YOn lac). Htr
Thy : Phan Lac Linh (8A Chuydn Th4ch
Thet). Kh6nh Hda : Tfd.n TLdn Anh (9 Todn
LO Quy DOn, Nha T!ang).

Bei T41236. Cho taru gid.c ABC uoiALdm

D d bery-*rong sao cho-+.M : AC ; BAC :
I)AN(i \']F,N
B0') ; DBC = 20" ; DCB = 40o. Goi F lit.
Cho
LABC.
KA AD uit.AE la
Bei
T5/236.
giao didm cia duitng uuOng goc udi AC kA
gidc
phdn
ud
ngoiti
tai dinh A.
trong
hai
qua D uit E lir didm d6i xilng.uoi F qua BD.
Duaig bdn ngoai liap ulnC co ban kinh
Tam gidc ADE li, tam gid.c gi, tai sao ?
bdng 1. Bidt rdng AD : AE. Tinh AD hhi
___I1+ fiai. JpUg .theo L Anh Vinh 84, LABC c6 diQn tich lon nhdt.
THCS GiAng V0 He Noi)
Ldi gini : D6 ddnq chrlng minh LADE
Ldy c6c didm iVl va N d b6n trong LABC
giSc MAB,.NAC can dinh
sao cho cdc tam -day
vu6ng cin tai A + ADE = 45o
d6u bing 10o. Suy ra
M, N vdi c{.c g6c
Ke AH ! DE (1). Th c6 AD : 611.t[2. t*1
LMAB = ANAC (g.c.g.), va-tqcrj BM : MA =
: A-Ay' : NC. Hon ntta, MAN = 80o - 10o d6u, vi ta c6 MN =
- 10o =: 600 n6n LAMNgidc
Ax c'ia g6c BAC,
= MA MB. Kd phdn
te-<ri Ax. cring Id phAi giSc gcic MAN (vi
BAM : 10o = CAN. Md c6c tam gidc ABC,
AMN c6n dinh A nn cdc d6ry BC, MN cing
vuOng gric v6i Ax vit song so'g v6i nhau. Do
.MJV= MB-a,o$ LMBN can-diah M vi-La c6
MBN : MNB.IId&nr1a, MNB = l[Be-(so
Ie Jrorxg) n6n NBM = NBC = ( ABC - ABM\: 2 = (50o - 10") :2 : 20".-rSu*ra
tia BAl-trirng.r.di tia BD (1). Th lai c<j BCN =
= BCA - NCA = 50o - 10o = 40q n6n tia
CN trirng v6i tia CD Q). K6t hop (2) v6i (1);
ta cci N trung v6i D (3).
4

GO f Ia gino. ci,a AD vdi (O). Th cct

sd_ BF' = sd- Cf'vd O1, t BC iai7. - e)
Mat khric sd
= fra AD + "a FD)
1^^l^

Ldi giAi :

i;E j

T'l

dd

Th cci

4-4s;l-an=

(r-al1@,_z)

=El-*

(g)
ta cii: AOIH ta hinh chr
--F;l
- - nhei.

AH _=- OI

'&: - 4an-

l UlJ"#"l%q'*'*Iitg,1r"g

nan tni fi;-Hi;;s,^sa-Lnuyen

f},l"
V-inh Fn,
Tudng ; B6c Ninh : Eodnp

nino.

: "it"s,g

ffii'
J1Q+ i&

l,,Ht
lffrr, id5"lt,$s
"'phan,gK_L6
Ngoc
!qr, ria D6ng]

Hni Phdng : Tidn Van Hd, gb2 iip Z l.:'ai

,^.Dr!i Th:";h-r,il;s'B1T,
YJcn : H3\Oi
'IYudng M, Bi/i LA
Nguy6n
Na, gC Ha NOi
gH T
- Amsterdam, T-Ydn Minh euAit,
yiffi,,'ffii' e'i',ii' z .Tydn Thd' H oirnJ't'fi
Digh : D6 Minh Vien,
Pf"g ft.tte_; N31n.
Ninh, Hodng Tidn, Li g, Vu
}.li 'ttrl sDang
1^b4lrr_nang khiSu Hai'Hau, va
Y:el 4iXudn
Dung, I THCS Giao Ti6n, Giao TliLtv :
Thanh HEa : Le Ki; pii;;p:'81 TCCS
{.ang _\hidu Ip, Ngfre An-: "phqm C6ng

't; :'',I;^r+i T+li#Fiil yli ti:f gr

:
Nguya.n Tho 9T1 NK He tinh,
finh \gn

$ueng Nit" t S1l Duy Bin, 9A Chuyeri

Igu.Vc., -Hi6n, piQn Phrrong,' Di6n Bdir ;
Kh6nh Hda : Ttd.n Tt"rdn A-ih, 9T Lc euy
frfo" \til,
Prl;
ili:,ffi,r"'o*"#,;#
T[]r .vin]i
: "nLi uiin--xnii7' ri. "iv rrr
Tlqng ; An Giang z Hodng fn6.nnohin,
Chuyon Thoai Ng:oc Hdu,

rtll,g

Bei T6/236 z Cho day { on}

a,=a:a,-=
1
' ntt
Qhn.ng

IIJi.

thOo man :

z"tr-za2r-z
3a2,

4a,

-1

11,+qrpon-B)
: ___:=;__
vz N*.
Bo.;_ 4an_

udimoineZ+

han'

d,av

cia day tronlg

ci" Oang'tfrf" iier,

v6i lrru^f rang

h; - 4"^ - | = (a, - 2)1 + Z (

"1,- i),

guy nap th"o o f6 aa"g

P*.lg:Lqgls.p_4ap
cnung.mlnh
cludc reng -:.
. f l\eu &t = Q >- 2 thi a^ >- 2 Vz N*
N*' Ndria, = a -2
, * nJi,'
f.r;a
kh6ng tang vi bi chan du6i b8i iajlr=J},
Z.Ytf*.^l\_6."9 5, :2 fhid4v..{oJ t4_CaJ kh6ng
ff8'i.qj " i'2:Jt1 t
u'1."' ?u I iJ lt"l
li iiac
a = limo,. Tr) con"g th&b
dinli-ai, C;i

Ifri,:-,.=-iv|\e
; :Vh.ar?

i;'t

vi

(1), (2) ta c6 :

a = 2a3-zaz-z
'k"-4a-I
fu2-4aa>2ndua>-2

a<-1n6ua<_2

Tt

dd suv ra :
+NOu a>Z thilimon=2.

*
.

N6u

a < -2 triiliil

an: -1.

Ntril x6t : 1) OJi*"*at

n6n c6ng thrlc

dinh dey {o-} trong cre oii dd"bi in

Ttry nhi6n {fl.u.hd1 cac ban grti ldi giai
llen
tdr .I.'da so4n dd gili
biti tod.n duo-c in di.ng
xdc.

d.phdn.db bdi bd,ng tidng Anh. Ci;.c ban gidi

to4" 4a duoc.in d phdn ab bd,t b"dng
ti6n-g V-iQt udn duoc didm t6i da cia biti todri.
2) C1.c ban sau dAy cri ldi siAi hodn chinh :

(.tiVS !!ti.

Daklak
_C_!ruy6n

Le The'" pn C1T-fran--fliang
- Bu6n nla f[iuotl-: tE
TliLn Huynh Thd Khanh (tZI^,

Nguy6n Du

:
Trlx"f *t#,H,iBYitBr"$*"#,Y;;1,i
YtLh

Dinh \yuog
f_t{) ; f.hqqThi6n_--_Hu6:_
(llCT DHTH Hu6) ; Quine
Binh":
Dilc Thudn (_11CT PINK euAng
Uin
Binh) ; Nehe An : Ned enn-nrai- Ntr'uvdi
T:tryA _!EQnh, Hb Si Nsec txrr6i FCcr
DHSP Vinh) ; Tldn Nam-DAnp, Dans Dic
Ilanh, Nguydn Thinh (PTTH plan itoi"Ctrau
- Vinh) ; Thanh H6a : Hodng'Tfung
$od.ng

minh rang, ndu I a.l > 2 thi

la,) h1i tu. Tinh gidi

trudng hop d6.

gi

vn N*

zo.3_ze_z

Dtra vio

9At, La Trung Doan gS i THC"S cli'uven

"a
song "rhao^i vi;h Fiur. "i'iis"yai
PlxT
'Lhanh TU, 98 Chuy6n y6n Lac. " lidn
Phuonp Anh 84. 9Luy0" cdp iI Mc Linh,

212

|
d.--,+l=
*1=
n+t ' gal-4on-1
'

1 khi

Th;i! NguyOn : Vu Thai Hba,9T THCS

nang_khi6u, Phri Tho : Hit euane Chi.n.

_;;,r,
la,1a,

=lBC=]z{,

bdi nnv

vzN.

2"r^-zaj-z

,r,mi* ,"r:={ [n'u??]33, ,u,

^ Ma | - gid.
S*rrdat
t6n nhdt iiiii';t;i,i fii
l-rcz = ICz*lC: !-AC
=
= ,[2 -r/1 + 1 .=+aoBC ,ruon[2can
.=
tai
o
" ----- -=-q***;
ot
=

-;

^
Gn+t-'-n-2-

S-r r=4#=OI.Cr= {n -ctr1C

. .Tq (*), (+*)-vi. (***) ta c6 AD

LABC cci di6n tich l6n nhdt.
NhAn x6t :

za)-zaj_z

an+r-a"=

=2(sdAA+sdB^Q=r:aaf
AF = 90o. Vdy AQF: g0o
(1), (2), (3)

=
1!

Th cd

Duy uleru
Di6n
Hi Tbung),
1l
L
Lre uuy
PTTH He
(liT
(11T PTTH Lam Son) : Hh Ndi
Nsuydn
Qi z Nguydn

Tilrydn (12A
Til.ydn

I
I

PTTH Cd Loa - D6ng-Anh),

Dic Manh (114.,11A.
Bic
Y6n Hba)-;
HbaI: Bfc
Sy Thi.y
Thrtv ,1lA^ PTTH YOn
Van S9
Giand : N[uydn
Giang
Niu.ydn Ttdn Manh (PTTHNK Ngo
Noi : Pham. Hd.i
si Li6n)
; DHQG HA
'Iln DHKHTN).
(kh6i ptct
UrlIl.-rII .t\,1.
Truns
PTCT -- Tin
.t,'l'U'I'
rtune
uzg (khor
tlrroi
v6i
3)- Nhi6u ban cho ldi giai sai do dd v6i
tu khi x6t d6y {on}
tudng tg
ving
ng lirm.
ldm ph6p trrong
{o.}
trong tnldng hqp a 4 -2.
NcuvEN xnAc urNH

Bei fi/236. a) Gini phuong rton.*k=*

b) fu dung kdt qud. cia cd.u trn dd tinh
cd.c tdnp sau ddv :
"n
7n
lStt

S,=co$+co5+co-n 7n 7n 137t lSrL tf,

Sr= co$co5* cos-, corn + co5co5
T 7n' lSrL
s, = co$ co5 co--

ian, oiingYiet
Phs.,nl Cong

cos3r

"o{

dang

t*)

: !.t.T

Tt

ke

dd, ta dttoc '. x

;
b) Stt dung hO thrlc
cos3/ = co#t - Scos/ ,
vidt phuong trinh (*) drr6i dang_:
4codr - 3cosr : co+ <+

Z.

Til dd, theo a) ta duoc phtrong trinh bdc

3 theo cosx cri c6c nshiOm
'2Jt':
,;

7n

co5;cos(O"T):cosT_;
13n
t tL 4Jt ,
cos(9*T):cosl-.

Vfly (*) .=
rlt ,

1fi, ,

132

("oo-"o$) (cosr-cof) (cosr-cof,) :o

:cos3r - S, co#r * Srcosr - S: : 0
HaY:S,:0;Sz =-1, Sr=l
Nhin x6t : Tba soan nhdn drroc rdt

lbi siei
nhi6u l8i siai cria cdc bair.
's6- da s6 cac
ban cdn cho cEch
grti ddn ddu dring. MOt
tdng qu6t h<ia bdi to6n bing cach thay j bdi
cosa (a - ttrv f).
Sau dav lddbnh sach cric ban d5 grri ldi giAi :
LAm Ddng z Tluong Anh TLd.n, Ttd.n Hd'i
Ydn. TYd Viih : Phqm. Thd Nhdt Ttudng,
Tfb.n Huinh Thd Khd,n'h. Kh6nh Hba :
Neuydn rtodne Khd,m, TtL.n Tfu.d'n Anh. Ldo
Cii": NeuydL Duc'The, Nguydn H6ng
Juane. Ptrri YCn : Neuvdn Long Khanh,
NsryZo
'iZui Qu6c Ddn. Hi tAY : NguYdrY Hit
Tvdn

tv"ie Fiuonei Quiilg Binh :

fh,inh BinE, Nguydn Thd.nh Tfung,

t'isl]lv-d"

Tfd.n Mai Son Hit, L Manh Hd, Duong L

Nam, Tfd.n Dtc ThuQn, Nguydry Tlung Kian.
Quairg Tbi : Nguydn ViQi Tidn, Phatn Dilc
o

Ngec, Nguydn Qudc Vit, Le Thi Duy Phong,

ua Nnu-phong, Nguydn Tdn Phong, Huybn
Tldn @u6c. Neuvdtl Npoc Hd.i, Nei Phone,
Hoilng"Kitn Nydn, Ngiydn Anh Tidn, TYi;h
Huy LonE. Nehe An : Vu Xud'n Quynh, DQU
Thiiy Mai, Floitng Danh Tl.rd.n, Tfd.n. Nam'

Duig, Ds,ng Dic Hanh, Le Hbrug__, Hd.,

Neuydn Thlhh, Nguvdn Van Tang, Hb Si
Nkqb, Ngo Anh TLrdn, Phqm Cong Phiet,

i(inh Phic. Npuvdn Tlunq Hba.

Th6i"Binh z Pharn Vd'n- Minh ; Nguydn
Nant Hd., Hir. Drtc Tfinh, Pham Thdnh-LitQt,
Neuydn Thi Thoa, Phan Khd.nh Tbd'n,
N"eu"ydn Ngq" PhIi', Nguydn NgQc Minh,
Vuoite AnE Tutin. Thanh H6a : Hd.n Vd'n
Hoans

codr-f"oo-f=o
7t

Hil.ng, Nguydn Duc MqnE,

Dinh, Phq.m Thanh Long. }I6;i

Duong : Nguydn Hbng Phong, Hodng Xud.n

Qu!, Le Van Hd.i, Ditlh Phti Minh, Vu Van
iaii, tteo Dtc Ttud.n. Dir N6ng : Hb van

Ldi siai (ctia da sd ca cs b?n)

a) Vidt phrrong trinh drldi

Phong. Vinh Phtc : TU. Nguydn Hbng

Phuong, Phan Huy DOng, T?d.n Thi Bich
Phuong, Biti Minh Dic, Le Hbng Phuong,
Tvan NhAt Tan, Tfd.n Minh Phuong. BAc
Giang : Phgm Van Thinh, Phqm Anh Thu,
Dsng- Hoitng Viet Har, Phqru Viet Ngac,
Nguydn Tidn Mqnh, Nguydn Ngq" Son,
N-puvdn Minh Hod.ns. TP HCM : Nevdn La
Lilcl Nguydn Tv.rd.n Anh, L Quang Ndm, Bi
Minh Euy. Th6i Nguydn z LA Quang HuY,
Dang Van Thd.nh, Dinh Dic Hoitng, Vu
TUdn Anh YGn B6i z Trd.n Quang San, Dinh
Quang Manh, Tfd.n Manh Tl.rd.n, Vu Ngu
Minh Thd.ng, Le
Binh- flir NOi : Ddng
'Hlng,
L Tl.td.n- Anh,
Cudng, Bni Mqnh
Ttuon| Thi|n Dgi, Nguydn Quang LQc, Van
S9 TEily, Nguydn Manh Hd, Dd.o Phuong

Thdn"g, L Quang Ttud.n, Nguy64 Van _Minh,

Phq.iVan Du, Nguydn Mqih Htrng, Nguydn

Duc Khim, Tfiih- Quang Hba, l Thanh
Tttydt, Hod.rug Tlung Tllydn, Nguydn Van
Qiane, La Duy Di6n, Pham Hilng Vuong,
'iYdn-van Ttrig, Ira Ngqc Thdi, Mai Vd.n
Ttt(in, L Dtlc Thinh, La
HilnE, Ngo Quang
-Tidn
Vinh, La Cd.1 Vuqn6.
Van-Phu-ong, L
B6n Tle zHu)nh Ttac Siu. D6.c Lf.c z La
Tlonl VInh, Le Thd 70.n. Phrl Thq z Mai
MinE Ttrd.n, Trd.n Anh Tt^rd.n, Nguydn Kim Sd,
Nsuydn Minh Phuong, Tli1u Van Son. Qqnng
N-eai : Ph6 Qudc H0, Huynh Tlung Nghi4 Vo

@id Son, Phirne Minh

TLd.n.,

Nguydn Xudn

Hd., Phqm Bdo-Chidn, Tfd.n Quang Nguydn,

L Hod.ng Duc Khd.nh. Ddng Th6p ; Nguydn
Dane TFidn, I{b lac ThuQn, V0 Thi lrbng

Thd6, Le COng Danh. Nam Dinh : PHq'm

TLri.n Minh, Vtt Vi$ Th.i, Nguydn Tlqng Kin,
La Mai, H6ang Tidn. Qr:.irigNinh z N1qyln
Manh Hitns.-Hda Binh z TlQn Miruh Dtlc.
rtd;a Nai iz,e Khdc Huvnh. Binh Dinh : Ld
IIboE Dung. D{,c L6,e i tlai fni_tuydt Anh.
Hun-"g YGn : Dito Hqdng Tttng. Long An :
Thi Tlbns Hqnh. Mnh- Long : Co.o Minh
Quang. Ptrri YCn z La Xud,n Quy\n. T!y6t
6uan-'e : Ca.o Minh Drlc. H:6;i Phdng z Dbng
ihach-fAng, Doitn Mqnh IId, Thirg- Thi6n Hud : Dqiig Nguydn NhQt Nam, Pham Tidn
Dgt, Dinh Tturug Hod,ng
NGUYE,N VAN MAU

Bai T81236 z Cho a > 0 ud, f lit. hdm

fi.1,c tuAn fa, +*). Gid, sil rdhg :
tt

liAn

I ff.l

d* <

aabb

I f@) d* * [

Ctutng t6 rd.ng :

>-

(t)

Ldi giii
tt

@* - f(x))z

2m

= m2

d.x

x2

a*

tt

'

I rf@) d.x + !

g1 ax > 0

vm e R

,o

' Do
J x2d,x > 0 Vt > a ndn, khi coi v6 tr6i
a
cria bdt dine thfc tr6n ld tam thrlc bAc hai
d6i v6i m, tI duoc :

('[

*f(40,)'='[ *U I fAq*vt > a,

Kdt hop v6i (1) suy ra

tt

t@l a*

*'[

xz d,x

ring : " I ldx = I

v b > a. ( ? l) vit "rfdu f(x).- O yx e [a,b]
ban lai cho

tni ( [ 11x1a*\'o
\o
I

d,x. (? !), v.

[W

v,..

2. C6 duv nhdt ban Npuydn Duc Manh

(11A PTTH-Cd Loa j D6fc-Anh - Ha NOi)
giAi dfng bAi to6n, tuy nhi6n cdch giAi cria
ban hoi ddi.
NcuyEN rs,i,c narNu
Bni T97236. Cho tnm gidc ABC nOi tilp duimg

tritn (O). Gqi (O?Ri, (O2,R), (O3,R;)

ldn luot lit. td.m. ud. bd.n kinh cd,c duitng tritn
tidp nic ngod.i udi (O), dbng thiti tidp xZc u6i
cd.c cQp tia AB, AC ; BC, BA ; Ca,- CB ud, r
lj1._!d.n hinh dudng trbn nQi tidp tam gid.c.
UhUng nxlnh rd,ng :

Liti gid,i

l.

Rl+ Rz*' Rr> l2r

(DUa

theo Nguydn Thinh

vir Tfd.n Nam. Dtrnp-

xric ngodi v6i dtldng

vt > a.

/'i\\\
t[
-4
R1 o)

trbn(O,R)dDvir
tidp xric v6i hai tia

hay: Ixlx-f(x)1d.x2ov

AB,ACdMvh.N.

t > o. vdi m6i

IGo dei AD, eAt (Or)

A E, thd thi ta cd :
OOr= OD * DOr=
= JJ* R1 , ONIOLE

t ) a, dat r(t)= fxtx- f(x)\dx. th 6 F(t) > 0

a
V t > a vd F'.(t) = tft - f(t)] Do dd, v6i vi:
b
AtuP: AN = AD .AE. Do d<i ta duoc
b > atac6: tr- f(4)ax=
ADz AD OD
"f
a

=tt :[x@ - f(x))]

.i

F@) d.x

ox'

V6i b

o thi

(x

d.x

FLo)

=
Ar,I'= AE oq '

Ir,, ll*
. 1 ry

AD2

>o

- f(x))dx : o.

V0y

Tt

haY lDr :

BD2 cD2

Blrtr= CI{r=
dd suy ra

t{, ta duoc

R ,

,B +-,.Bi

\=

AD2,
tUrz 1

AD BD

E-TE;

Chrlng minh trrong

AINI,
d.x

cci

Gia srl dudng

trbn 1O, ;R1) tidp

aa

[a,bJ' ( ? !), hay

An).

'[

llCT, PTTH Phaii

BQi ChAu, Nghc

(l .fO o*)' * ([ *'a*)2 vt > o.

aa

Ddn tdi

suy ra /(r) < g(x) Yx

bb

xdx udi msi

a
a
: Vdi t bdt ki > a ta c6 :

b>a.

AA

dx u6i ntoi

x2

s6

CD

(1)
AM BM CN'
I t, M4t khric, trl gi6c ldi ABDC n6i ti6p (O,.R)
a
bb
n6n ta c<i (dinh $ Ptol6m6)
AB.CD+CA.BD=BC.AD (2)
hay I Sglax < [ xd.x y b >- a.
Tt (2) vd (1) ta thu dttgc h6 thrlc
AB.CN*CA.BM=BC.AM (3)
- \h{nax6t i 1-. 6A ,at it ban gtri ldi giai
Kf hiQu d0 dai c6c canh cria tam gi6c
cho bii to6n vi hdu hdt c6c bdn Eho lai fiai
ABC ld t BC = a, CA = b, AB= c, rdi thay
sai vi da m5".ph+i nh$ng sai ldm. Ching Ean
BM = AM - c vi CN = A-ly' - b = AM - b vdo
mot so Dan oa cno rang
(3), ta drrgc

f(x))d.x > o v b )- at

-:-!

'tit

bb
I f(q a* < [

s(x)

d.x

AM =AN = , ,'u"
b*c-a

(4)

.(1,

GSi

r)

L,

Ii

tidp didm cria AB vdi dudng trdn

tidp tam gi6c ABC, ra duoc orM AM
Rl AM
=
IL na,haYlili-= AL

nQ-i

Thay AL=p-a=*rU*c-a)
bdi (4), ta drJoc :

vir AM

Mat khric, Iai

Chfne" minh tuons tu. ta duoc

"t>"

"2
_:
r

4ca
______=_

(c+a-b\2

,_,n

ri
_

4ab

(o+b-c\2
_ Jrl'_c6c hC thfc' (5)' niy, vi
B.D.T.COsi, ta duoc
R.+R^+R^
t:sbc
=_-L
4r
@+c_a\2
ca
ab
a_
1_

theo

Rt' t
bc
r p-a
@_a).. "
Rl
bc
_;_ : ___=;
+r..(b+c-a). vi hai h6 thdc

c- ayllc+ a-

(6)

b\2(a+ b

gi6c, n6n ta c<i B.D.T

(6 + c - a) (c + a - b\ (c * a- b) < abc
(DAv ld mQt
t7) (\ey
m6t B.D.T iluen
i:uen thudg
thu6c. ban ndo
,
chua
ra biSt
bidt hay
hav tu chfng
chfns minht
minhr
('ll ta Thu dioc B.D.T cdn
Tri t6t
chrlng minh"L:
Rl + R21 R' > l2r
Ddu ding thrlc xAy ra khi vd chi t<ni adng
thoi ccj c:ic-iling thric.

Rt=RZ:R3 vi b*c-a= =c*a-b=

= a * b - c vd do dci, khi vd chi khi tam giric

ABC ln d6u.
Nhdn xet : lo) Bii to6n niv ccj rdt nhi6u
cach-giii khdc nhau, nhung tuu trung lai, Id
cdn bidu thi R, theo o, b, C vd r hoac- theo r
ya.c_?g gQ9 A, B, C ctt? tam giric. Sau dny li
hai ldi giAi khdc cta bdi torin.
*_Z']L Liti .giai 2 (cia Dod.n Manh Hd., L1CT,
PTTH Tldn Phf, Hni Phdng)
Ha OK L AM vd OP t OrM, rdi dat

AM : f, ta duoc : OP:KM=1-9
2',

OrP=OrM-OK=Rr-J?cosC

AorML
r= AI,I = AL,haY ld
ARl :p_r (trongd62p
tgr=
= a * b *c
t
o
vit tg

) ;(i)
Lai tr) tam giric OOtP vu6ng 6 P, ta duoc :

(B + RR1)2 = (, -;)' * (", - Bcosc)2 ,

hav
" Ii :zRRt (1 + cosC) = t(t - c) |
(ii)
Tt (ii) vi (i), ta drtoc :
r
(1 * cosC)/ = (t - c), hay Id :
2RD-d'
2Er 2p .2(p - c)
(iii)
=t-c;

p-a

2ab

nrJa

Tf

30)

quA nhrr ldi giAi 1.

Ldi gidi 3. Dai da s5"c5.c ban cho ldi

dtroc

giAi luqng giric cria bAi to6n, nhrrng crich giAi

ndy thrrdng ddi vd tinh toein cdng k6nh hon
hai ldi giAi hinh hoc nhu da trinh-bay-sau
d rr6n.
diy
!6, qua cric ph6p todn trung gian,
chi n6u kdt quA cudi cung, bi6'u thi dtroc ^R.
theo p vi c5.c gcic cria tam gi6c :

t
\

A
A,
Rt:prsZll+ts;)
vi hai ho thfc

- sf
Yia,b,cd6
t, b, c d6 dei c6c
cdc cairh
cahh cria
cta
rht tam
rh6t
1b+

(iv.1

tUdns ttl.(v)''kdt
(5)

o262"2

= pr:ff , nlntt (iii)

suy ra : t :c + (=)
\p-o/ " =-!!D-A
Do dci, tr) (i) vh (iv) ta dubc

'Rr
4bc
,
-: ft+c-aP

cci S

tudns tu.

PHdn cu6i, cci st dung B.D.T.C6si vi. c6c

B.D.T sau dAy :

ABC
ts;:,!;+ts;rr[5

, p]?rl5r

thi

duoc B.D.T cdn tim

40) Cdn luu V thCm rans hdu hdt ldi siAi
d6u b6 qua viL chrlns minh chat chc trni
nio vi chi ktri ndo xA! ra ding ihrlc, hoac
kh6ns kidm tra ddv dri tdt cA. c-ac di6u ki<in
{1 *aV ry.dilg thLl , kd cA c6c ban Nguybn
Thinh, Tfd.n Nam Dine vd, Doitn Manh-Hit
dd cho hai ldi giAi hinh hoc nhrr da rrinh bey
d tr6n. Vi khrlOn khd cci han. bai vi6t ndv
kh6ng chring minh ddy dri phdn cu6i cta ldi
giAi. 1 u4 2 ; d6 nghi c6c b4n h6y ttl chrlng

minh: Rt=Rz-Eg oa=b=i

Nc;uyEN oANc plrA'r'

Bai T10/ 236. Gid sri O ld mfididm-*iim

twg tu-&L ABCD-sao cha-;- BOC= DOA,
cOA: DOB vir AOB = DOC
Chung
m.inh rdng, udi mqi didm M trong hh\nlg
Etan ta c6 :
I,IA+ MB+ MC+ MD > OA+ OB+ OC+ OD
Ldi Siei : (DUa theo Tldn Huynh Thd
Khanh, 12Ar PTTH Pham Thrli Brrdng TFir
Vinh, DS.ng Dic Hanh, Ll Tbrin, PTTH
Phan B6i Chau, Nghq An vi m6r s6 ban
kh6c) - T!6n cdc tia OA, OB, OC vd OD ta
,

ldy Uil IJqt cds vectd don vi

OA' , OB' , OC; vd, OD' . I<hi dri v6i gia thi6t
d6 cho ta duoc : B'C'= D'A' ,C'A'--- D'B'
A'B' : D'C' vd, do dci, A'B'C'D'Id m6t trl di6n

gdn ddu nhdn O ldm tAm m4t cdu ngoai tidp,

d6ng thdi O cung ld trong t6m cria tr1 diiin
gdn d6u AB'C'D:1IAy :*
---, +

oA'+oB'+oc'+oD'=o
*
+
+
+
+ OA
OB OC OD ---,
P= oA* oa* oc* oD:o

Suyra:
-

U^#otmf

.1IA

kh6ng gian, ta cri

= OL .-;-dE:
(MO+OA).OA
-=^,OA,
= :----TA!-= oA + *o I OO)

t
i

_Ddu ding thfc dat drroc khi vd chi

llOA, cung ttlc Ii

MA

t<tri

MA = oA + rt4'o

th

eM e

Chfng minh trrong tu, ta drloc

tia lAo)
:

MA+MB+MC+MD>
> oA+oB+ oc+oD+tio.i=
=OA+OB+OC+OD.

8l

Ddu ding thtlc dat duoc khi vi chi khi,

ddng thdi M e cd b6n tia [AO), IBO),
ICO) ve DA) , nghia ld M tring O.
Nhin xrit : 1") IIdu

vir chi khi rrAo

thi

hdr cAc tra4,kfu]ng chi ro khi nap

xAt,ra

tf-

hiAn dao ddng dibu hda

)t
'-f-'
theo phuang thd.ng dtng
.c1
udi biAn dQ a = 1,6m ud
ol
cl
cd
uoi t\n sd goc a = 21ra.dls.
7
Hdy tint gia tri ldn nhd.t
:-_l
ud. nh6 nhdt cia ap l4c
cia h4 ndy ln mQt sitn 7a777r?7v7r7.7:(hinh uEt. Iliy g = 9,Bntlsz.
Sart
Hu6ng d6n girii. Chon truc toa d6 hrrdng
th6ng drlng xudng drr6i ; chon g6c roa d6 tai
vi tri cAn bing cria vdt A.
Khi vdt A dao d6ng di6u hda ta ccj
Fo,: Poi Fdh: - hx= - mrrrt2Asinl-t+ 91

MA:ryr?:0,1+*'o#

(nhu rren d5 chi ra).

\h do dri, kh6ng cii chr-rng minh chdr ch6 khi kdr luan
lt[A + Ml] + MC + MI) dar giA rrr nho ntrdt bing
O/l + OR + ()C + OD khr va chi khi M -:0 .
2'') CAc han sau dAy co k} giAi r6t h<tn cA : Ddng Dtic
//@* Nghe,\n), Aigo,ia lhng lholh, tln, CT. DItSI, Vinh,
llring'Irung 7utdn. 1?A l,'l"l lI Ila 'lnrng, Tha;h tl6a,
Ngo'in Kint.Sri, IlA, l,'l-t'I{ 'lhanh Ba Phf Tho
3"; 'luv nhrcn, khong cci ban nao chi r5 (m6t .i.h.hinh

tf+lrsn
L

U2

b
b
p

xac) .Vell,t =,ferirt* l,|at deo ,VLnslA()) m)

thuitng chi niri chu.ng chung:M thu6c OA hav M, O, A

-r
Dl

thing hang. dAnh rAng kCt quri cu6i cirng vAn dring (do Ir'
thu6c Ol, OB, O(' va OD nin M - O).
4") Didnr

-,

th6a man dieu kin cria bai roen (nhin hai

canh d6i di6n cua tl dien ABCD dtt6i cing m6t goc) cflng
iii dim nhin cAc mit cua trr dien ABCD {JUOi nhilng goc
tam dien blng nhau vA cirng huirng
.

tr()ng c6c dinh cua trj dien ABCD. Neu

A, * B. + C t D thi p la m6t di6m nSmtrong tit dien
ARCI) vi, dic rrung hcii : t6ng cdc v6crcJ dcln vi hrl<tng ttl
P d6n cAc dinh cua ti dien hdng vecto kh6ngeP nhin c6c
m5t cia tt didn AIICD drldi nhung g6c ram tiien blng nhau
P*

\
,

vA cirng hu<ingeP nhin c6c cdp canh ddii din cua ttr dien
ABCD dtt(Ji nhitng cip goc (rrlcrng irng) bdng nhau.
I)o cting chinh l) nhrtnginh chdt ddc trung (c6 i, nghta
dinh tinh) (libu kiQn cbn vd du) cua "didm PhCcma,' P ci,a
mOt he 4 diC'm kh6rrg d6ng phdng.
7"; llan .\'tgu1'n Vdn T'dng, llACT. DHSp Vinh dd xudt
bAi toiin tiing qu6t hon : Tim "didm Ph6cma" P cua h6 Mn
elim lA,l],C,D) khdng d6ng phing sao cho
aPA + $OB + yPC + 6PD <
:

< aMA+ilMR+yMC+5MD; (VM) trong doa,p,y

va

d la 4

sO dudng ch() trudc.

Mong ban 'l'trng vA cic ban h6y quan tAm tim lcti gidi
cho bdi toan khai quAt nAy, cring nhtr hoAn chinh lrti giii
cira bii to6n tren (chilng minh di0u kin cdn).

NGIJYEN DANG P}{41'

Bei L1l236. M1t ud,t A c6 khdi

mr:l,00kg uit m|t uQt B c6 khdi.

luong
luong

n6i uoi nhau bdng ld xo

co kh6i luong kh1ng dang kd. Vd,t A thuc
tuz = 4,10 hg duac

'+-+7-,
+o
,8
Q)

o(BCD) = o(AD() = : o(t)AB) : o(cBA)

5o; IlAi toAn rren day chi ra diEu kin du dd m6t didm
f, nim tr()ng mot rU dien .48('t) lA "diim cuc rrdrr" lrJiem
nra r6ng kho)ng cAch rr.r dri ddn c6c dinh cia ti ditn ABCI)
A nhrl nhdt). {)idm nay con rludc goi lA"diim To-rt-xe-li"
h:tv "d.titrt I'hCcma," (cua h..1 didm kh6ng ddng phAngl.
C,'') Co the ch.r-tng rrunh ring : Dim Phecma (Fermat) l,
cua nrqrt he hin dieml. A, Cl D kh6ng d6ng phing'tA r6n iai
va cluv nhdt. Diem nAv kh6ng rhubc .Ot-.anh nao. cung
nhll mot mdr nA() cira trf din. nhung co thC trung voi m6t

It'tr,
b)

trong dci Fdh la. hlc cira Ib xo tdc dUng l6n

vQt A, h.ic niy thay ddi cA v6 d6 ldn l6n chi6u
F,th: - m6 - *rr2 Asin(ai + g)
(1)
Ap luc N cria h l6n san duoc thtrc hi6n
(2t
bdi vht B, ta cci N = Pn + F'an
trong dd l-,'.Jh la lrr-c cua ld xo t6.c dug l6n vAr B,
cung tfc ld"t6c dung l6n sAn rhed {l I 13 c'ci
F'dh= - Fdh: m$ + *r12 Asin(ot+ g) (3)
Thay vdo (2) ta drroc
N = (ner* tn")g+ mrazasin(at + il
@)
Tit dd, ta thdy
N,n* = (mt * m2) g + m, c,ia: 60N

vi

N.in : (mf ru)g - mr.za = 40N.

Nhfln x6t. C6c cm co ltti gidi son vA duns : I- Thanh

Minh, 12Cr,, Qu6c hoc IIuc 'l'htif Thien - flu6 ; Itoirtg
Trwdng Son l lAz P'l Tll Le Quy, I)6n, Di NIng ;'.Vgllli
Vdn Doan 11A3. 'tHCIl Nsuvtn Duv Hir-r. i)ien'dar,.
Quing Nam ;Nguldn vier i'ilin llAr. pf iII Vinh l.rnh.

Quing Tri

;,Vgrr1dn QuangTudng l2CI-. chuven I,han I16r

ChAu. Vinh. NghQ An ; Nguyin'Vdn Thudi lllt. l,'t'l'i I
NAng khieiu, Ngrr Si l.ien, Bic Giang , Ngut'n lhi Kim
Phuong I I Li, l"f'Ill Nguyen Du, Iliion Me 't'truot Dic
l.6c : Itoang Vdn ip, l2n I,'llll Nzuyen Du. Nshi XuAn.
HA finh ; Nguy,in PhuongNam.ll,{3: pIilI Ilu"vnh Ihnc

Kh5ng, Vinh, Nghe An 1 Nguyin Trung |'haith. lt\.

KPTCT.Dai h-oc Vinh ; Cao Tdn Thit,llA3, 'IIlCIt sfj l,
Drtc Ph6, Qu.ang Ngdi ;T'rinh Ngoc Thdnh, ilCL, chuven
I-C Khiet. Qudng Ngii; frin Iluynh T'hd Khanh. tZa,t i'tfi
Pham Th6i Brlong. Tri Vinh ;Li Duy Diin. lll; Pt"ttl
L-am Sctn, Thanh-Il6a ; Ilodng Nu l-libn Ninh. llC p'I'NK
Qri-ttg _lt,nl, ; Irhn Ngoc Quing. ltA, I,T'I'H Long ChAu
Nguv{n Dtnh .Sang. lttt. chuven" ilnng
94. I'}hf_J-h,o_1
Vudng. Ph[ 'lhg; Do!1 .H*u lhu. lt I.i. chuven l.uon!
Van eh6nh. Tuy Iloa. Phri Ydn.

MAr

ANri

Bdi L21238. Cho mach din nhu hinh ua.

trong d6 din dung C uit diQn trd R c6 th6
thay ddi ; dO tU cd.m L =
|, ; u6n hd nhit
c6 di1n trd rdt l6n. Ds,LiiLo AB hiau din
thd xoay chibu u = 22N2 sinlO&rr (u;

z, = zMBlf, = toon vd

3t,8, pF
a) Ap dung dinh
cP =

1l Vdi R= 100VBA, chon C bd.ns bao nhiAu

dd uln
udn kd co
c6 sd
s6 chi l6n
l1n nhtit. T.iru\4c\i,ndy.
Tim"s6 chi nd.v.
2) Vdi gid. tri ndo crta C thi s6 chi cia
uonr hd_.kh6ng
hd kh1ns ddi
ddi .\t?i
hhi R
R bitin
ddi
!t!". a!i.
qu6pg dEn giii.
1) \'6 hai, gi6n dd v6c
to cho
:ho doEn
doan macE
mach MB vd
vdAB.
AB. Ao
duno dinh
Ap-dune
Ainlt
li hnm sd'sin ti gi
g

o.

slru
'I

u"

slll4
zuu
R

(z)

Bi6t (vi R ll

zr

= aL =

L) ^t = 1* 1

toD2l"uT,lB aczL ,uy

coflpr =
i. :
vd, tr] (l) tl.

sitp

r.,

ra

=t,

='zusir*

Sry td Ur^u*=
(2), khi dd
" =;,

4:

.G

trong dd

2IJ = 440V, rlng

tPru ---' 1=

zz +

&u

(3),

2zczMBsinp' (4)'

or|u=<n!loft:-

1*

d*u

li

"

rt

(2)'

*,

cosin d gi6n dd (2)

(, - ri),u, vi u cd

dinh, n6n mu6n cho U. kh6ng ddi khi R bidn

tei thi trong (51 kh6ng duoc chrla-- U*",

-Z-zt
mudn vfly 1 - 2;:0,
Lr2

2.

10-4

rrit ra Z, = i

n"t

63'7 PF'
Qric em cd ldi siai drine vd
gon : L Hoiti An, lll, Tlrrdni LrronsYen
Chrinh, Phri Y6n :. nan Hod,ni Ouan."l1A^.
Tltrdns L6 Quf D6n. DDr NEnE ipnam Vali
ThdnE, llT,-PTTH Lam Son.Thanh H6a:
Nguydn Hihp Dbne, 11A, PTTH Qui'nh Tho.
Quj'nh Phu, Th6I Binh t Nsuydi Thi Kin;
Phuong 1IL, Tirrdne Nzuv6t Du. Bu6n M6
Thu6t, D6,c'Lhc :Ne:fvdn Tyuis phuans
12A,, PTTH Hoei Dfc-4.'chuv6n
Hii Thv":
-LbNpuv{n
=

orrr= -- rY

" Nhfn x6t.

MdLi Phti Lim l2T.

[<friAt.
8,mn* ll,?'ir,r sf;flHit i Y?!".Tt: u t#P' t
Nguydn Xud,n Hd. f2H. THCB s6 t. D?d
Phd, Quine NeSi : Tfb.n Thd.i Binh'. ttA
PTTH Qu{ne Xrrone 2. Thanh fl6a ,
Nguydn Quank TuitnE, l2C2 chuven Phari
BQi Chau, Vinh, Neli6 An : L buv Di6n
11T, PTTH Lam Soa, Thanh H6a :" pham
Anh Ttudn,12A6, PTTII Hui,nh Thric Khdis.
Vinh, NghO An : Npuydn'Thi Thiv. lzfi.
PTTH ch-uy-6n ban Sdn-Thv. Hh t.bi' T,rd.i
Ms,i Son Hir,, l1CL Nans khidu.-6uins
6 NIgo 7
; !hg*
Pilh
-NSq" ?rldile,_sQ
dtrdng Th6ns Nh-dt.
Thi x5'Hii Duo'ns:

gsl: fi{Kgtr.^ :'rZ

;: ir, # ffiA :$.$g

Drrong Minh ChAu, *, *ilXT.o*n
u

'

crAr rnUdxc CORA RATTO

oArin cHo cAc BAN rC slln G!6r roAN

_ Bagora Ratto (1912 - 1981) h Phd eilio su khoa

fbrin Thudng DHTH Bueno6 Aires "Achenti;.
tsn ln ngudi tich cuc tham gia cric hoat d6ns xE
: sri4g l6p "H6i Chidnlhins" ctia phu"nrr
[6i
Clau }Ijr La-.tinh chdng chri n"ghia ph6t xit,
"Quj Albert Einstein" srtip dO tdi"chinf, cho crii
sinh viOn cd tdi n6nga6-Tb6n vd khoa hoc ttr
nhi6n, tAp.chi
''Colutrbia 10", qu4 tap chf nd.i
lirm cho -c6ng luin Achentini hidu rt hon su
thdt
cu6c chi6n tranh d Vi6t Nam trudc ddv.'
'Ngv.el
vong tt.tau cria bt ta ;-*"}'ai
.
thtlong hdng ndm cho cdc n[r sinh si6i t56n
cta V[6t Nam. Ddn nay nguyOn von"g 6y cria
ba da duoc thrrc hi6n.
Chi6u 17 -'5 - 1997. BO Gi6o duc vi Ddo
tao dd td chrlc 16 tra<i eiai thudne CO-RA
F.AT?Q cho 4 hoc sinh nfl_-aa.t *ai 8.ao t"ong
ki thi hoc sinh ei6i torin Qu6c-eia ndrm n"*r.

M6i eiAi gdm m6t eidv chdhs nEan. mot hriv

chrrong vE ti6n ma-t frl 100 "ddn 150 USD. "
10

- B6n ban nrl drroc nhdn giAi thrrdng vinh

du nev li :
l. Itinh Thi Kirn Chi. hx sinh loD 11 trudnE
Nanekhidu IIe TInh" dei [r]ri'0rocda?g3sA6.mT
2. Hd Minh Laml,hoc sinh 106 t2. titrOi ofrd
th6ng chuy6n to6n tirrdne DHSPHN'thuOc bai
hsc^QUdc Sre.HLqQi, g[Ai Ba Qu6c eia (26 didm).

3. Dd.o Thi Thu' Htt., hoc sinh"lOp -tiuans

kh6i
phd th6ns 'chuvon 'toin -__ iifi 11.

DHKHTNIIN thir6c Dai hoc Qudc sia HE

NOi, srai Ba Qudc eia (24.5'didfu).
4.rya Thi NhuQuvnh'. hoc sinh ldp 12.

Lrudlg chuy6n_Phan B-gi Chati, Ngh An', gini

Ba Qu-6c sia (24,0 di6'm).
Giei thTrdni dORA nAtfO s6 trao thtrdnE
hing n6m vd chi ddnh cho c:ic ban nrr. Tbrifi
hocid Ttrdi t xin chric mtng b6n ban ddu ti6n

dtrqc nhdn phdn thudng vd m"ons nhi6u bin ntr

si.nh cq rrdi mo,_ph6n Edu hqc Ei6i torin dd. se
nhdn drrgc giAi iliudng Cora Rat-to.

rirvrr

Chilng minh rd.ng :

a2+b2 +c2< gnz++*.
pnaNa HrfN sANc
z rrone'#:;iY;?,
triih':
7huong"
y'

Bei rro/24 o

Oxy cho el{q c6

xt

cAc l6p rHCS

Bni Tll249 : Cho ba s6 a, b, c thuQc doan

[n - 1 ; n + 1] sao cho a*b * c = 3n. Chrtng
minh rd.nE : a2 + bz + c2 < \nz + 2. Khi nd.o
thi xd.y ra dd.u bdng ?
PHAN,I

VAN HUNG

rJdi r2t24o : Gid,i phuy;[

nguyn : x2y2 - xz - 8y2 = hcs,

?ltlir nsnie*

-+-:l(a>6>0)

(NSh

{iil!

1t+ 22111t+ 2221g+ z2t)...(t+ 22").

Vdi mqi n ld. s6 nguyry duo-ng.

,oo,

*.r,"*'

TRAN VAN HANH

d6

MN4Ay cung MN cita elip thay ddi sao

cho MON = 90o.
1) Tim. cdc gid tri ldn nhdt ud. ruho nhdt
crta'dio tich iaru eiac OIWN.
2) Tim. quy tich"hinh chidu uudnl s6c H
cita didm O lrn dd,y
MN.
" cung
it ou6c HAN

NGUYE,N DUC TAN'

Bei rs/z4o z chtng';Tr*ffuul#'

ba

cAc oii vAr

Bei Lli240

li

An)

Vdt AB dat trudc rnOt h ba

tMu klnh mary O, O, O, rtng tu1c (xbn hinh

uc). 56 ph6ns dai K cia dnh cita AB oua hA
hh6ng bhqr thu|:c ui tri AB d trudc k;hh Or'.

(Qudng Ngdi)

Bei T4l24p

z Cho tam gid.c ABC uuing

g6c tai A, c6-B-= 2e. Ka phd,n gidc trong BI
uit u g6c ACH = 30o ub phia t_rong-tear.

gidc (i"thu1c AC, H thuQc-AB). Tinh"CHI.

DOAN VAN TRUC

,"

Bei 15/240 z cho ,";a;iz!"*1fr'"

"u tidp
ld. canh l6n nhdt. Mlt dui|ng trdn (O)
xric uAi AB, AC tai cac didi tuong iig \fr,

N ud tdm O nd.m'eiua B, C. Ha duitni cao

AlI. Chunp minh idnp : trons cdc tant sid.c
c6.hai ainh ta M, N uE dinh ihtt 3 thuQc" BC
thi tam giac HMN c6 chu ui bd nhdt.'
vO NHAI rr6u
(Thdi Btnh)

cAc l6p rHPr

Cho bidt fiAu c4 cia cd.c hinh O,Orud. Orthn

luot lit f; 30cm. ) fz : 20cm uit f3 = 40 cm,

khod.ng cd.ch OrOr=60cm. Hdry xd.c dinh

h,hod.ng cd,ch OrOruit. gid. tri cia K.
pnaN ruAN KHANH

Bdi Lztz4o z Xdt *u,

Bei T6/240 z Cho sd nguyan n. Chung hinh ua.

ntinh rdruB :
1
,
_l_a
' n2 ' "' J_' rat+l - 1995
nl
"lgg7 "1998
"1997 + n
91
DAM VAN NHI

(fr:i')

dien nhu

(Thdi Btnh)

Bldimn40: Day sd th4c {a,} thda man

an+r=fuT-2vn > l'

Tint tdt cd. cd.c sd hitu ti a, md. tbn tqi
fn *

fL sao

cho a* = an
NGUYEN MINH DUC
(Hd Nai)

Bei T8/240 z pho hirm s6

I

srnx

l-u1i0<x<1
Ilx)=1 x
I t udi x:o

Ching rninh brit ddng thtc

t7 '"
f@)dx

18'J
'
Bii T9/240 :

tzoa
tsoo
*orYEN LE DoNc

'

(TP. Hb Cht Minh)

Goi r. R ld.n luot ld bdn

tam
hinh cd.c uitne trbn'nOi'ti6p. neoai' tidp
gid.c ABC uOi AC = a, CA' - b", AB :- c.

llong db C= Cr= 2Cr=

100 L:;(ID,
2
n }tE,

Rt= Rz- 2R3. 86 qua diQn trd crta am.pe kd,

ndi uit. cudn dd.v. Dat uito hai dd.u AB
rndt hieu diei thd-U ='Uosinl0&r/ (\a thi
arnpe nd chi 0,5 (A) utt. d|"lech pha giua u
utr. ddng diQn qua tu C ld;. vidt bidu thtlc
crta cudns dO dbnp diZn oua tu C uit hiAu
d1.v

dien th Ttai'dl.u AB theo'th_iti gian.

Ncr;yEN 5uc pnr
(Qudng Ngai)

,?onh,lpnfi i/t't ttrb o{rn n

ril

ut

>-

...

!rr-rt:<!(r-zt1

/_/'t
II

FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

'lll240. Let be given three numbers a, b, c in
the segment Ln - l, n * 1l so that a * b * c
= 3n. Prove that a2 + b2 + c2 ( 3n2 + 2.
When does equality occur ?

u
t-

an

- -n+l
(I+ 2'\(1+ 2t2t\(1+
2z'...(l+ 2' ) . i2'
^ T4lz4qlet be given a triangle ABC with
.4 = 90o, B = 20o. Consider the angledbisector B/ (/ on the segment AC) of ABC

and tl+-point 11 on the segD*nJ AB such

that ACH = 30". Calculate CH1.
"f5i24O Let be given a triangle ABC, the
side BC of which is the loneest. A circle. with
center O on the segmenf BC, touches AB
and AC respectivelv-at
M and N. AII is the
altitude of 'ABC issued from A. Prove that
among all triangles with vertices M, N and
the third vertei of which is an arbitrary
point.on_the segment BC. the triangle HMN
has the least perimeter.
FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
T61240 Let be given a positive integer
-_
Prove that

suy

ra i,i

q";' tggs
"i;.
",,r*
The
sequence
of real numbers
T7 1240
a,,i satisfies the r'elation
0--,=3"),-2,Yn
nr I
il

^. I
I@):

lr

18'J

t,,r

t2

<

i[.,

-,,),

tti*j'1r, r*!;or,* trt

1ro1g do

(rr.i:.

....

l,)

la rn6t hoan vi bAt ki cua il. 2..... n) 2)

L) 1. !,. .... -r'n) la hai day co thLt ru

Nu 1r,. -r,, i. . rn) va

ngudc nhau thr

)ro* * t,r,*

(u)

k=l
k:1
trong do il,- i.. .... i.,1 [a mdr ho5n vr hdt ki cta (1. 2.... rr.1
(no
BAi torin-4 :
\arl ld mOi da.\, s6 ttgut'?n duong
phdn bi?t rk = 1.2.3....t. Chtingminh ringvdirhoi n > I :

.11= $ 1
Z-t L:' Zr k

K-

X-

(De lhi lbAn Quoc te ldn thu l0)

Giii

GiA

sr-r

1r,. i..

....

saoch()Ll <u < <a

'l
':
'D
111

Vi

in) Ii) m6r ho6n vi cua (1. :... . n)

-)-),..)-;
i- 2-

n-

c('

-in1
l'ul'n""
:8) la
noan !v1 CUa (1,, !r, .. , t-))

'-ini

((r'

' n)

rA

mot

phdp4uy nap toSn hoc. d dAng

. Mat khAc.benC philllg
>- k Vk : l,n.

chLlng minh dudc a,k

rudosuy*i#'ii

r=o

,_in1 :_?,i

I)ing t hic **v:.J ini

a, :

I ) Flnd the greatest value and the least

value of the areas of triansles OMN.
2) Find the locus of* the orthogonal
projections H of O on the chords MN.

--v;)2

if

xz v2
- +"- = 1 ( o > b > 0)
a2 62
in the coordinate plane Oxr,.d chord MN of
the ellipse varies so that IIION = 90o.

= jc,,

u*_Irl

taoo
TS]24O Lef r and .R be respectivelv the
radii of the incircle and circu'mcircle- of a
triangle A-BC with BC = a, CA = b, AB = c.
Prove that : a2 + bz + c2 ( 8R2 + 4r2
Tl0l24O Consider the ellipse with equation

) ri =

l-

t zos

'

if o<r<1

'

)x,v. ,}ri,

. 2) Har Uay' sO iien durttj gt.rr la co thrt rlt ngudc nhau ndu
di6u kr6n szlu dUclc thria min
y, > .{, eJ'i < r', Vi,7
ni
'fu hd dC 2 suv'ra rins { I 2.....
l) Neu (tr,x,. .1.,.to) vA [y,,],:, ,-vn) la hai d5y cti cirng thit

Prove the inequalities

t7 '"
f1x1dx

17) n

' llinh nghia 2 :'(lho har dav i6 : (rr. x..' ... irn; va (v_,.
thi.l tU neu
)':, ...,-r'"). l) Ilar dey sO tren dudc g9r
- la cri cung
dLiu lirilh sau durtc ihtia man :
.r, > .r, ), > r', Vl.7 e I l. 2..... n l

r.

Find all rational numbers o, so that there

exist lrz * z such that an, = an.
T8l24O Consider the function
I sinr
-"-

l-

i.i - ri,u, n i';

ru.

- , i,,r,

1111

tt

)rl: )ri
r-

that for every pwtitive integer n,

: Theo bdt ding thilc (5) ta c6

M5t khric

*'y'-x2-ByZ=?-xy.
..1)

.t,

(De lhi ]ben Qudc t ldn rhir

Giii

TZ|24O Find all intqger solutions of the equation

.l

.1)

z r'^. ('hing mtnh rilng niu 2,, :-. .... :^ l,t

m(tt'hodit n hit kl ctta cdc s6 .v,. .r'1.' .... .v^'tht
v, 2 ),

vd

nn

rr-n

TB124O Prove

roAx...(tidp- theo bta

rvrOr nAr

ac,
cD

la

\,a=

\11

Jri-r.r,,
1,n

Sau dAy l4 mQt ldi grai t<h6c.cira hai todn

ab1 va gt- + bc, b' + ac, c' + ab1

: CAc

div

s6 1bc.

trJ ncudc nhau (han doc trj chrhs mrnh).

Khi.do}clar + bc1'- agqz * acl + aF1? 1 aln; <
<.Dc(D- + ac) + uc(c- + ah) + abla'+ bc)
'l'r.l do suv ra hat dAns thrjc ( l').

thrl

Cr.r6i cnns-lA

pni 1 , (ho

nft

sai

o,

b, .c

brxiao danh cho ban doc

td lO dai ca, cinh iua mbr tam

gio<.

hdt kt. Chtng minh rilng

.a b c. o c b
>-*:*-*3
2[:+-+-\
\D c ul c b a
Bii2: Gid s* a, b, c ld cdc sd duong. Chungninh hdr

.atbJcl

ddngthucj :-;---:----: )*--;----------:--=+ , --,,

D'-DC +C'
C'-CA+A'
A--db+b- ->
ab't bc t ca

23 a+b+c
Bii 3- : Gl{ si a^b, c. ld ba sQ duong. Chting mtnh rilng
db + fc + cta > atbc, btcu + ctab.

odmnmffisNHMffiMNffiffimMmffi
mudrucDf,t rtgco,ll ctl0ttc,Df,t rlgc oudc 0A Tp, tlo oritltllttt
(Thdi gian
a. prfiN nXr ntrQc

Ciu I

180 phrit)
Th c<i bAng bidn thi6n

1. Khdo sd.t su bidn thidn. ud ue db thi e)

cia hitm sd : y=.r'3 - 6rl + g.r
2. fim ttii cti c(ic duai: ti;cttg di qua

didm Ai4,4, uit cot tC1 ioi ba"cttthn ina" 6iei.

CAu II
Cho pltuons trinh
ll -m (l)
_ ^ lrtphuong
_ %. + r\2 =lx1. Giqi
trinh (lt t,di m
= 2.
e.. Giit uit biinlubn phuong
trinh (1) theo m.
CAu III

##f##

cho hdm
"6Jk =
1. Tint cdc gia tri nh6 nid.t ua rcn nndt
tia hitm sci y, tng udi k : 1.
2. Xd.c dinh thant sd k sao cho pia -tri ldn
nhCit cila hdm s6 11, ld nhd nhcit.' CAu IV

t. finn tich phan t

I

t ff

2,

['!

tx'

a,

uoi, > 1.
))
til do suy ro rilnl :
Jrtt < 2, Vt > l.
n. plliu rLr clroN

2. Dot J1t1 =
.l
Tinh Jftl theo t,

ax

(Thi sinh chon m6t trong hai cdu V.A hodc V.B)
Cnu V.A.
(D)
_. Qho Parabol (P): y:x2-b+gud
lo duitng thang 9r1ng phugng u,6i d,uitng thang
y = 2{ sao clrc (Dt cat (P) iqi didm A-uit 8."
1. Vie't phuong trinh cila (Dt khi hai ti'p
tuydn udi (P) tai A ud B uu6n7 eoc uai nhoi.
- 1. Viet phuong trinh cila1Dl nni dO ddi
cua doan AB = 10.
Cflu V.B.
Cho ti dien ABCD co AB = CD = 2x ud
4 canh cdn lai dbu c6 dO ddi bdne 1.
. i. Tinh ciien tich rcan phii Ttdis dien
tich cila 1 mat) cila ti diei theo x.
. _2. Xqc dinh.x dd didn t{ch toitn phdn dat
gid
trt ldn nhdt.

oAp AN
(D6p dn nAy toa soan di s6p xdp vi trinh
F-ay lai.tr6n_co sd ldi giAi cti bair Nguy6n
Van Minh, Kh6i 4 - Ttri trdn Drlc Pt o -

a5Xs,\sii sti tdi rba doan)

1. Tap xric

!' :3x2 -

dinh : R

l?n

* 9 n6n y' -oc=s[I=l

Hdm sd dat
"=
crlc dai tai x

1 vA dat cuc
tidutair=5.
Y\ Y"=$a-12
n6n dd thi cd
didm u6n (2';2).
Dd thi tidp
xtic v6i Ox tai
(3 ; 0) vd cit
Ox tai O.
2. Drrirng
thdngr = 4 di
qu4A(4;4)
chi cit dd thi

tai 1 didm chinh li A n6n kh6ng th6a mdn,

Xdt c6c dudng thing con lai di du" A Id cric
dudng thang cci phrrong trinh

t=k(x-41+4.
Dudng thing niy cit (C) tai B didm phAn
bi6t <+ phuong trinh x3 - 6x2 * gr =
= k(x - 4) + 4 cd 3 nghi6m phdn bi6t e=
(x-4)(x'-Lx+1-A):0
ccj 3 nghiem
phAn bi6t + t(x): rl - b + l.- k c6 z
ph6n bi6t khric 4 .=
.=
iini_ro
HT oo < k * 9'
1g - n * o
t. Cec du.ortg thing th6a mdn bdi torin cci
phudng trinh
v6i0< h*9.
- [Iy=h(x-4)+4
Cau
:
].Y6ryt = 2 thi (1) bd thanh , .F- ?-+ 4 :
= lr - ll - 2 Th thdv vdi moi r thi
:

{"-k+4:fi-JzJT>fi-1F1l >
il /n6n phuongtriih
lr -

vo
z. Dil t = lx - ll > o thi phrrons trinh
<+
tr6 thinh (2\ ,lPl*-:tJm
It>*
{t>m
*z - | = (t - m)zo jz*t = r (B)
]* *+ N6u
m = 0 thi (3) v6\nghi6m + e) v6
'

= l{^-

ngnrem

+ (1) vd nghidm
* N6u m. * othi (3)

nghiOm

os=J-

Phuong trinh (1) cci nghi6m

't!,

*1'T

lz*''

*
o rs

I 2m+l
<+f:1+^
-- ' - 2m, 2rn
Tbrn lai : Y6i m < 0 hoic *,

vd nghi6m. Vdi 0 < m. <$

_., _ lnzt+2lnt+2

,fq

(1)

+thi

ir, .o ,

tni

*: 2m+l
Z*
CAu III : Tbtr6c hdt ta tim tAp ei5 tri cta

nghiOm

11, tilc ld tim lp dd phrrong trinli

2kcos+h+l
Jk-cosr*sinx*2

cci nshiOm

d6i v6i dn x.

Nhan x6t

\,,

cosr*siru*2=

i)

e+1-$,frA-ru.r=
<rp< r*+rtsT-zn+r
Ydy t*l6n nhdt = *
EhF - zn + t
= vY,[sF-

1. Vdi k = I thi y, l6n nhdt

nh6 nhdt = 0
2. Gqi tpl6n nhdt la r'(&) thi

t*

Ding thrlc xAy ra

nhdt

: i.+g
E
IV

zn+ t

6tu- i,"ay

F&) nh6

:!

1 2lnxdx
2. Ddt u =ln2x + du = -;
; du :
+t) :-1. T" cd : v6i, > 1 thi
4t

ud.u

uu

l'r- [

X6t 1(r) =

I(t):
t4

xe*xn=4vixA.xB=3-k.
X6t v=x2-zfr+3 c6 y'=?-x-2. rrdn
cric tidp"tuydn cta (P) t+i t, B c6 hg d6 gdc
Idn lrrot le. ?frA - 2,2n8 - 2.
ob^xn-4(xa*ru)*4=-l
+4(3'1- k\ - 16 + 4 - -1 <+ -4k = -l
ek- 4r-l

t-l-lnt
t

'- tlr., a

[1 Y+,lam
X.'
.

Khi dd phrrong trinh cria (D) ld y= Zx+

;.

2.AB -10<".aW=To
Yi l,e=%A* k;!a:b'B+ h non di6u
ki6n tr6n trd thdnh , ,fS1*n:iff = tO

Khi dd,
"v=Zx*4.
CAu V.B

phrrong

trinh cria (D)

AII t

la

CD.

St tco: rrO . AII = * tft:F

1

Nhrrng

dx

ii

sry=

c5.c

,B

Ao

1l=$.

dung bdt

ding thrlc C6-si

ta cci :

x2+l-x2
=,
{r'(1 -x')<
2
(
(don
vi di6n tich).
= S,, 2

+z.I(t).

tuong td 1, ta cd

& tff:P'

n6n :
s,o= 4'P

ud.u =

,1, '" lrrd* ' -lo',

= -1n2,
* l"r*zJ. ,, = t

(*)

2 nshi6m phAn bi6t <+A' ) 0 <"=r& > -1.

Ta dr; iac honnh dQ xn,xu c:0;a A, B lit cdc
nghiQm cria (**). Theo dinh li Viet thi

m6t cria trl di6n ld

c5b tam gi6c bing

ud.u =

J(t) =

x?-4x*B-fr:o

nhau n6n

z l

trinh

bi6t

"., l:rr - [I
. . ^ -ln2 1 . l-lnZ
= -lnx l;+Jx--dx=
-il;=
ud.u

trinh cria (D) la t = Zx + k. (D)

hii didm phdn biqt A, B <+phrrong

trinh 12 - 2x + 3 Zr * k c6 2 nghi6m phdn
<+phrrong =

c6t (P) tai

1. G9i.Ff ln tmng didm cua DC thi

x2

dtj, t

1. Phtiong

x
Do

Cdu V.A

khi va chi khi a = l3'

U_

v6i/>1.

= 2 vd y,

dx
dx
1. Det u : lnx+d,u=-id,u=..-

CAU

(lnt*1)2+1
,
_ \
- o

Hai tidp tuydn niy vu6ng gdc v6i nhau

o(be-b(*r-2)"=-r'"

*?41-4yr-gkz+2k+1<0

yft nh6 nhdt

_.t

c<i

> o v6i msi r non :

= 2* r/Zsin ? .
(*) .= Up - Zq cosr *.[ sinr : k * 7 - 4t
Do d<i (*) cci nghiQm d6i vdi dn r c=
01,- znf + rt> @ + 1- 2y)2

F(h)=

-.
-lnzt*2 t-l-lnt
SuyratJ(t):
t
,

*"+ Khidd,(lr- tD=*

=o<

oarr'{ trrrr" xAy ra

*xc|=L-x2=+*

=g-(vi r

> 0). Gi6 tr! niy crla x dam b6o

tdn tai trl din (0 < .
{,
-r _1).. ^
V4y S,p d4t gui tr! l6n nMt li 2 ox=
t

NcuvEN vAN MINH

DE rHI ruvdttt srNH cruwnttt roirrt

(DAr Hqc

ou6c crA HA r.rOl)

TIN DHSI

rrtcAv rruv llru,{r

Cdu I : Xet phuong trinh x3 + ax2 +
4 | : 0 trong d6 a ud. b lh hai sd huu ti
l. Chung rtinh rdng a : -5,6 = B lit. cep
sd htu ti duy nhdt ldm cho phuong trinh da
cho c6 ba nghiAm borug d6 c6 m|t nghiQp lit.
x: 2l ,15. Ki hiQu x' x,'tix.^ li ba nghiA.m d6.

bx

2. Vdi mdi sd
nhin n ds.t
Sn:1+1+$. finh St, 52, Sy Chtng

minh rdng S^ lu1n lu6n ld, s6 nguyn.

3. Tint s6 ilu trong phep chia S,oo^ cho 4.
Cilt 2 : Cho ba s6 ruguyan x',"i, z th6a
mdru dibu kiAn x -l y * z chia hdt cho 6.
Chtng minh rd.ng bidu thic M = (x + y)(y +
z)(z + x) - 2xyz cung chia hdt cho 6.
CAu 3 : Tim. gi6 tri ctta tharn s6 a dd hA
sau.c6 nghiQnt duy nhdt
)r' * la + tlr < 15 - 7x2 + x + z
lxa + x3 + (o2 - B)*2 - 4x - 4 - 4a2 = o
CAu 4 : Cho tarn gidc uu6ne cd.n ABC
fuuOng d Al. AD lit trilng tuydn"thu\c canh
huybn. M ld mQt didm thav ddi tren d6an AD.
Gqi N uit P theo thrt fi,t lit hinh chidu bu6ng

g6c crta M xudng AB

ud, AC. H ld hinh chiilu

N xudng dudne thd,np pD.
.-_LJ Xag.dinl,t .ui-tricia trtr aA tdrn gid.c
AHB c6 din tich ldn nhd,t
.2) Chtn! minh rdng nii ltt thay ddi, d.uitng
thd.ryg HN lu1n di qui m6t didm"c6 di'nh.
Ciu 5 : Ll TYen mOt mdnh gitiy c6 ghi
1996 cdu khdng dinh nhu sau :
* Cdu thtl 1 : "Tln md.nh gidy ndy c6
dnng 1 cdu khd.ng dinh sai".
* Cdu thtl 2 : "TYn mdnh gidv nity c6
ding 2 cd.u khdng d.inh sai".
* Cd,u thu 3 : "Trn mdnh gid,y niry c6
dilng 3 cdu khd.ng dinh sai".

uuOng g6c cila

i"Ca" thrt rcg6 : "Tyn md.nh gidy ndy c6

drtng 1996 cl.u hhd.ng dinh sai".
Hdi trcng sd 1996 cd,u khd.ng dlnh d6 c6 cd.u
nito ding hay kh1ng. Hdy trinhbdy 16ldp luen
uit. chi ra tdt cd cd.c cdu dilng ndu c6.
2l Cttng cd,u h6i bAn nhung tronE cd.c cd.u
h,hdng dinh da cho chrl "ding"-dttoc lhay bd,ng
.hhOng qud". Vi
du : Cd.u titl I :'"TYeirndn"h
gidy nir.y c6 khOng qud 7 cdu kh&ng dinh sai,,.

NGAY THU HAI

Ciu 6 : Cho bidu thtlc

D,*\ _x3 + Jxz + 1x2 - +1@ - t - +

-\*)
f -gx2+(*2-+yrfP-T++
.
udix>1.

I) Rtit gqn P(x).

2) Gidi phuong trinh P(x) = 1)
CAu 7 _: ll Ph1.n tfch da thic ra thita s6

(o-6)3+(a-d2+(c-a)3

2l Vdi n ld. m6t sd tq nhien dd, cho, xit

xem. hhd,ng d.inh sau dilng hay sai : da thtc
(a - b)n + (A - c)n * (c - a\n chia hdt cho da
thtlc n(a - b)(b - c)(c - a)
CAU 8 : Cho ba s6 nguyAn duong x, !, 2
th6a mdn diEu kidn
(

)f-r:f
lr>1

Chtngminh'rd.ngz=7.

C&u 9 : Goi M uit. N ldn luot lit trung didm

cdr cgnh BC ud. CD cia n2 giar tOi AECO.

Chtng ruinh rd.ng Szaco( *t** A \2, (K;

hieu S*,CD ctri aien ticn miAi ht gtoc ABCD).
CAU 10 : T?n bd mQt bidn hb hinh trbn
c6 2n thitnh ph6 (n > 2). Gixa hai thitnh
f!r{ tty..! c6 thd c6 hoQc khOng c6 duitng
il1rty ndi tr4c tidp u6i nhau. NguU ta nhdi
tQdy
d6i udi hai thd,nh pi6 A ud. B b;dt
hi thi&ng
giila chrtng c6 d_udn! thrty ndi truc
ti6p udi nhau khi uit. chi hhi giua cd,c thdnh
ph6
-tidp A' u?t B' hhdne c6 dudni thiy ru6i truc
udi nhau, trorig d6 A' ui B' theo thtt iu
Itt. hai thir.nh phd gdn udi A ud B nhdt ndu
di tit A ddn A' uit B ddn B' trn bit hb doc
t-heo_ cilng mOt chibu (cilng chiEu him dbng
hb hoq.c ?gug9 chi\u kim dbng hb). Chtng
t6 rd.ng tit m6i thd.nh ph6 dbu ;6 thd di bdn*g
duitng thtiy ddn m6t thd,nh ph6 tily i hhdT
theo m|t l0 trinh qua khing qud, hai thttnh
pno trung grun.

DAP AN

Cflu 1. ll x:2 +{5 la nshi6m cria

V4y S, = q +
t.Ta d6 tinh duoc
phuong trinh da cho khi vA chi k'hi.'
51=5,Sr=19,52=77
(2 + {$1r + a(Z+ r/b)2 + be +{5) + 1 = g
+(4a +b+17)V5
+(9ti+ 2b'+3$J0
Dat
Sn = Sn - t = 1+
$, ta d6 chrlng
44a * b +'17 = 9o * 2b + 39'- 0 c+o
= -5 vd b = 3. D:,/6i a -5.6 = 3. phrrons minh dtroc Sn + 2- 45, + r - S' = 0 (1) v6i
trinh trd thinh xr - 5x2=+ & + I ='0, hai mgi n > 1. Tt dci,
bing ph6p quy nap, suy
(xz - 4x - 1)(r - 1) =-0, cd 3 nghi6m li
ra
Sre
Z,Yn

N,
do dd Sn G Z, Vz N.
xt,z= 2 + V5 vd r, = l.

1+

15

- b)s t (6 c)s + (c - o)5 : 5(a - b)(b - c)

k - a)kt + y;^ * xy) i 5(a - b)(b - c')(c - a),
D6 thdv khans dinh sai khi n ch6n.
=
Do-t "> 1 non 2x i 4. Trl dine
(mod
4). V0Y thtlceAd--8:
Mat khric Sz: 18 = 2
ddu suY ra .y' + 1 = 2x i 4. Vay y ld
Xl6L 2 tnrdnl hod
S,,,n,,= I + S,orn= 3 (mod 4)
a) e chafr', D'at z = 2t (t > 1). Khi dd
' Cau 2. De chting minh reng (x * yiry +
(mod 4). Suv ra y' * | / 4. vd li.
i
1
-o'at?
= (v}\t:
'ld
z)tz + xt * x1z = (x * y * z){xy * 1'z * zx)
"
Khi ii,;
dd
> 0).
oi).'kti
bt-z
:
Dat
z :2L\ l"U >aYr
la
,
'
= z;\'l'G
Tt dd co M = (x + y * z)Qy * yz * zx1 - y'+7 =U+l)Q'-l:'
+.
-y+l)
Sxyz \2\
"Tr] di6u ki6n r + y * z i 6,. t4_suy__ra
M Id tdns dai s6 cia 2t + 1 s6 16 + M 16
rronp 3 sd r. v.'z co it irhdt mOt s6 chan. VAv + M
ld rr6cld cria 2x + M = l.
quA
ve
thidt
nhv
kdt
irui'i 6 Sri"duns
sie
3/ Cnng tn (1) suy ra Sn + 2 = Sn (mod 4)
s' (mod 4)
s,rro = srrro

I
I

(a

Ydyy' +1:J*
v + z i 6 vho"t2t. ta cd M i 6.
-'i I Cau
pt
l+z=1(dpcm).
thc'
rlons trinlr thtf hai trong hAcrj
S.
CAu L GiA sit
Dhan-lich thanh Txt - 4)\xr +r * I *o') : 0,
ir; duns 2 nshiOm la r, = -2, x- = *2
MA c6t BD tai /. Ti
thi6t M, N la
,
ff i"f; J LiluLh Y.' lHs,";l :"-'f it f,l ifBH g,e
trung didm cua BC

"i
nran
Vo. VAv htr ccj nelii6rfi duv nhdt khi vd
ctri Xtri x._J 2 khong:th6a mah bdt phudng
trinh.
nshia li
""'i"+'f1i*+'ll,
6 + 2 *lo + 1l > 2 o
rz < -3 hodc a > l.
CAu 4. 1) Drlne
ItE L AB. crit Pll thl f
ilCthdrABE---PC : BN
+ NEB = NHBi---4lo.
:

Nlat-khric AHN :
= 45" VAv
=--APN
AHB = 90" vd H.V la
d.r*.4ns ohAn si6c cfia
AHB: Suv ra"
l"
s),,,, = i or=. BIlr <

frp;x

.'ffir

3.H,....fffI| =I
4sauN

I
,AM+AN.Z
<4.;AM.AN<',t
'\
2-\-- )
t z
=ltAM+A^|t2+dpcm.
ci{ri to. voi 3 thanh ph6 li6n tidp x.
Z, kd theo 1 chi6u nio drj ta cci Y : X'
Z = Y'. Do dci theo giA thidt
(X n = 1 + (X', Y"t = \Y, Z\ = C
(X, Y = 0 + (X', Y'\ : (Y, Z) = |
1

Y,

vd

AE - .strrn<-AB
,Afi+nrtr:
-['
*_1+ \.
=
z )- ft-

fhns thrlc xav ra khi Afl = BH, tfc li khi H

M . Ydv khi M = D tliS ^ ,,,, Ion nhdt.
= d'=
2r Vi IIN Ia nhan siiLc AHE\6h 4M lu6n
di oua didm eiu'a cria"ntta drrdng trbn drrdng
t in-liZf .-t]]dn nhi6n didm nav"cd dinh.
CAu 5. I ) N6u 1 c6u ld dfng thi c6c cdu
khai d6u sai. Vdv c<j kh6ns quf I cAu dfrlgMat kh5c. ndu tat cA ddn sai thi cAu thtl
1996 drins. vo li. VAv phAi ccj cAu d(ng vi
chi 1 cAu diine Di6u'ilr5'cung cci nghia lA=cdu
thd
1995 lh cAu duv nhdt fting.
"^')ixia"-",;Tiau
Ia ial \0 <k < 1996) thi
c.{c cdu k. k + 1..... 1996 d6u dring. Suv ra
chi c<j c6i cAu 1', ?r,..,.4 - I 14.-"f tr6t giA
thiet cd ft cdu sai. Vdv khOng cci cAu nio sai,
nshia Ii cd 1996 cdu d6u dilns.
'-Cau 6 1r Phan tich tr] v? m5u thinh
nhAn trl drfoc--:- --.'.'-i;* z;t61triFT(r+ 2)+ (x- 2)\E+Tl
Ptrl=
Ptxt l?t
Suy ii'ai6u tiicn x6b dinh

$a
x 2l,x + 2^.vd" r;effi.

V6i c6c di6u ki6n Av :

Pe1
_
2) GiAi P(x) - I ta dudc x: * trg Ca
hai d6u khOns thda m6n di6u kiOn. VAy
i;rt"ig ilrtl,lg_"gp.e,a - c)3 + k a13 =
- btb - c)(c - o)
= 3(a
cri thd
)i s,i'duns'nhi thfc Newton,
chf ne mln[ tiL?rrg dinh dring vi m9i z ld s6

=fffit

vd CD, ta c6

trons dd ki hi6u.(X, )u)

-1ol {1.ffi,.,0,1
;Xi
"tibns^"'.,i
dudns
? rt
"o ndi tr:rrc tidp. Til
thrlv

ru

fliu;wul,'r;ua*flll3
'sau
da. qhg. bdi so

A/4--\
i \

f
I

',

( i

di leA
3)

(4I-4"-B
: @, B) = 0 (hinh 3). Gie s&A :

,j

\\
, /A
{d.
\- '---+F-a
ft-t-i"ti-ti trone dc; mui
i --,
ton chi '16 cab thdnh
A
oh6 k6 nhau b'<i duong
Illinh
linh It
tidd
truc
thuv
n6i
(hirih vc vdi n' = 4).
XdL 2 thdnh nhd A, B tuv v. NCU A, B)
= 1 thi ta cci dptm. Ndu (A, B = 0, ta cci 3
(hinh r).
rray
rr. Luc
luu ndv
B'), : II \rltrlu
l, (_4..4, = llf.
ra. D
"u?iflolofr'=
o n6ri
0
nori (A', B ') = 1. Th cci duon"g
vi (Z.'til-:
G,'til-:
di:A*A'*B'-8.
-' zj-a,-A') = l, (8, B') : o (hinh 2). Ndu
B: B't thi 3 thlnh ph6 B,, B, B', li6n tidp,
me.(B,.Bl).= 0 nen (8,, BI = 1 -N6n (4, Bt\
;l Tfii-dfudns di le A'-(A',B. - B.
B) = 1 vir drrdng
Nen tA, EJ = 0 thi

toTFrTTfi'\
e**r;3 ]s .:B&q$ lll,.;"+
* y5_"= (1,_+ y,) +-\xy(x- + y)(xL + y" *.xy)
+ v5 (x * y)) = -fuyk +y)(x- * y" * xy)
="rrThri.
,^
"r = a --b, Y = b-- c ta duoc
Itt

\\

Ph6

kh6c'

ooAN MINII ctloN(i

Ar

rLr ntOr nfi

roix

rHr v0 DICH gudc rE

TRAN

xuAN oANc

(Nam Dinh)

Tfong ki thi Olympic torin Qu6c td ldn

th(t 24 (nam 1983) drroc td chrlc tai Ph6p c<i
bdi torin sau do My dd nghi :
Bi'i torin I : Gid. si a, b, c lit d0 diti cat canh
cQo mQt tam Eiw bdt ki. Chtnp minh riLne':
azb@'- u) +"o2cro - c) +
ri
Ddng thtc xdy ra khi "2i7":
niro ?
Dd giAi bii todn 1, trrrdc hdt ta x6t
Bd dd I : Gid, a2 x, > x, ud y, > y". Khi d6
(2)
- xryt * xry., ) x,y', * x'J,'
Ddng fhilc o7Z) xd.y'fa khi'ud chi khi
xr. , xz !os9 t,,
Bd d6 ndy duoc chrlng
mlnn
mol cach de
dang.
=yz
lghia I , CT tri Sndu'di6u
!r,,-{ r) v.it.\y, yr)
^ Dfn\
drroc
goi ld cci cung thfFp
ki6n sau
duoc th6a min r. ) r, khi vi chi khi y, >
Tt bd d6 1 su'v .a
v,.
- Bd
dd 2 : Chobac cep sd (x,, x") vd (y,,.y,)
co cilng thi tu. Khi do x,!, I x3. > iiv,a
* *ry,\l) odng thtc d @I idy rd hu ,{ tni
khi-x', = x^ hodc v. : v^.
Sr/ dunf bd'dd I ta"ta thd giAi duoc bdi
toSn sau :
BIi to6rr 2 : Gid. sr2 a, b, c, ld, ba s6
duong. Ching m.irub rang
azrb + c - a) + bt(c + a- b) + c2(a+ b - c)
< Sabc (4) (Thi v6 dich Ao)
Giai : Vai trb crfa a, b, c r,hrt nhau n6n khdng
mdt tinh td-ng qq6t cci thd giA str a D b > c.
(4) +a3 + br + c3 + gabc > azb + ab2 +
* bzc * bc2 + c2a + caZ
(4',)

Bd dd 3 : Cho n N (n > 2). Xdt cdc

ddy.hrtu han gbm n sd hqng (x, xu,..., xr)
ud 0,, !",..., !^) th6a ntan x,, > x.> ... >-

ii j6'f

Th cri

a3 _+ b3 + c3 + Babc : a(a2 + bc) + b(b2 + ca)

+^c(c2 + ab) SrI dung bd dd 1 (dd y ring
o'lbc>bt+ca)tac6
a(az + Qc) + b(bz * ca) > a(b2 + ca\ * b(a2
*bc) vi c2 + ab : ab * cc ) ac tbc

Tr] dd suy ra bdt d&ng thrlc (4').

Ddu "=" d (4) xdv ra khi vn chi khi

a:b:c.

i,oo, k=l
L *,"r,* .-k:t
f *,Jn -

k:l

*,

trong d6 (i,, i,,..., i) m nt1t hod.n ui cila

(1, 2,..., n) tYl;6c hdt^ta chtlng minh

>.ou,

i*,1,,

k:t
k=\
ThAt vdy v6i m6i

(5)

ft : l,

2,...,

rt

dat

!ir: "k 15; .=r10r - zr) + *z0z - zr) + ... +

*rr.9., (5')
D0
"n)xrv.it !1>- z, n6n rr(/1 - z) >
*,
,Yi rl I *tV_r
- z) + *zUz - zr) > xrllf ,
=
7zV t +
+
tr) - \2, z.))
V1u. *r$1- z) + xr(12- zr)-r... +r.(y. - z-) >*.i}t'+'y.2)'<"i"i QI * xr(,r"ln,r) T ...
7

(v _.
+r n"n
-z n'I

>

, + t2+ 13) - Qr *
1 rr[(f
+ ... + rr1g., - zi )
- 24)

zr*

zr) + *oAo

- Q' * z'*
.,1-ir-+'93i t-')^, )J''-t)
2 x^19, * y" *...+ y-) - (2, * z" * ... *
z^)l :'5iii *,"9 x, o i'i-i
+ i^ + .., +
"a'u'.

> ,, + z. 1 ... 4 ,,. vi T7--l)z

^ VAy'bdt -d&ng thrli(5') dring. N6u r, *
YiS e {1,_2,...,-n} thi ding th; d (b) iay
khi vd cfri thi
y'J

Jir= lk Yk

r.
.1"

: l' n

Tidp theo ta chrlng minh i*,1,-,

o:'

n
BAv eid ta chuydn sane siAi bii torin 1.
(6) ThQt vfy, d4* yo: -!n+
(i)
,2*,Jn*1_k
.=o3b
dEqgfhfc
i
+
53c
c3a
+
-- a2b2
F{i
t_
+ b.cz * czat (l')
k:1
Vi bdt ding thrlc (1') khOng thay ddi qua ph6p Vh: l,n thiy, > !'2>-...>-in
ho6n vi vbng quanh (a, b, c) n6n kh6ng mdt tinh
Theo (5) ta c6n
tdng qurit cd thd giA st a : m4xla, b, cI.
,
n
X6t bidu th(tc E = bc(bc + az) + ca(ca + b2) +
:-DxrJ*
-2*,J,+ 1 - i*:
+ ab(ab^+ cz)'th cAc c?p s6 (ac, ob) vil (ab + c2, K-t
,2.*,Jn* t
k=l
k:l

ac + b2) c<i ctng thri trr (b+n dqc hey thii

Iai !) n6n theo bd d6 (2) ta cri
E < bc(bc + a2) + ab(ca * b2) + ac(ab + c2)
Lei vi cac c?p s6 (bc, ab) vd (oc + *, bc + a2)
cci ctrng thf tu nn .E < ab (bc + az) + bc(ca
+ b2) + ac(ab * c2)
Tt dd suy ra bdt ding thrlc (1').
VQy bdt dang thrlc (1) da duoc chrlng minh.

Ding thrlc d (1) xdy ra khi vd chi khi

a = b = c (tam gldc de cho li d6u).

:>*o,, - i*,t,. rL*o^+

k=l
k=I *

-k
x,. Vij c {I,2,...,n} (i * /) thi
ding thrlc d J (6) 4i1 ra khi vd chi mri
!i"=lr+t-kVh = l,n
Biri to6n 3 : Gid srl x,, y, (l : 1, 2, ..., n)
lit cdc s6 thLc sao cho i, * x, 2 ... >- xn
'

Ndu x,.

k=l

(Xem tidp trang 12)

Gidi di.p

bd.i

ANII OAt
Sau 3 ldn tdy, m6i ldn 4 chai, anh ddy t6 Oa
1

oI

sip xdp lai

cr4c

chai

rU-d.u

t6 vA 6xc cHO

trong thimg nhu sau

t]

r-)

'l

i
1

Ldy ldn ba
Ldy ldn hai
Ldy ldn ddu
cdn 20 chai
cdn 24 chai
cdn 28 chai
Ta thdv anr, ddv'to r.none thd tdv ldn b6n mOr itrai *" ntru mA 6ng chrj ki6m tra vin thdy ddm
trn :
bAng tr6n,
ruOu nhU binq
ciic chai t'l-qu--lhtl
.,4,, cdu. Th4t
ra, Cia
GiA s-ir
iir ann
anh edy
d-dv t6
to sip x6p c6c
u4y.
bAo yeu
"i" totr'qt
vQy t6ng s6 chai c6 trong thtng
NhrlvAyt6ngs6
nh;i
n6I a+h+.
* 8 + h : 9, d -'rh6thi
= e = 1. Nhrl
a+b+ =
phdi co
= ii+s-t-h:9.d
tf,i ta
fte
"
it nhdt phAi bdng 9 + 9 + 2 = 20.
Vi iqy ta ar.r"ooan cau ki cia 6ng chir c6 thd nhu sau : "Ta khen nguoi rdt thOng minh vd xttng
chai ndo nta !"
ddng dalc iuing lZ chai raqu qui, ihung npoi kh,ng thd ldy thAm cia-ta daqc
"Nt
trcn'
nhu
rud!
chai
c6c
sip
xdp
c5ch
ra
d5
drla
bgn
C6
55
xet
1.
4.,
15 c6ch cho 24 cha\
2. Ban Lit Ord" Vini,'ilt,,rJ.,g Ct,rye., H6ng Bang-da d{a ra-7 cSch sip xlP cho 28 chai ru9u,28 chai .l^d.u,
cAch
ntd.u, 17 c6ch
cho
gi
xdp
s,p
sip
8
8-c5ch
cSch
phan
ia
drra
NghQ
An
Nr-vinh,
NK"Vinh,
Minh,81,
ihanh'Minh,
c^ch utlu
chai. B4n
Ran LPhan
chai.
Dqrr
20 Lrrar.
cho zu
vA
va +
4 uaurt
c6ch
'ta"
L1 c6ch sip x6p cho 28 chai nJo.u,
cho 24 chai vir 4 c6ch .no )o .n*. BanL Hbng viQt, zrz, Nr Vi.,t, Ngne An drla ra
8 c6ch cho 24 chai vA 4 c6ch cho 20 chai.
3. Tdt ca c5c giii d6p giti d6n ddu dring.
BiNH PHIJONG

NhAN EUOC BAC NHTEU OUA

Truons l-an c6 12 l6p. Trons mor bu6i lien hoan, m5i l6p cit hai d4i bidu. L6p Lan dA cit Ian vi Mai di dU. Sau budi
i,.r.,".0i s6 dai bi6u da tiao ddi quA ki nim cho nhau (n6u A tlng quA cho B.thi B cffng t;ng quA cho A), nhung
Tdt
kh6ng c6 hai bqn nAo cirng l6p t[ng que cho nhau. Lan tO -O tOi tdt cI;ec dai bidu vd s6 quA mir ho nhAn duqc.
hay
qun
!
Ban
A
quir
?
khong
nhiu
bao
drldc
l-an
nhAn
Mai
l6p
bi6t
ban
thd
Bin
c6
nhau.
kheJ
ci cric c6u trA ldi dfu
goi ltip Lan ln l6p chuyn toan nh6

fie.

'

*GUYEN HUy DOAN

cAo

: De chudn bi t6t cho c6c ki thi tdt nghiQp PTTH vd tuvdn sinh lai
hoc cdc ban hdy tim doc bO srich 'T\rydn chon c5c bdi to6n PTTH'.'' d c6c cita hdng s6ch'
Tdng phdt hd,nh : 3A Dinh Ti6n Hodng Qudn 1, TP. H6 Chi Minh. DT 8242685.

QUANG

ISSN:0866-8035
Chi sd 2 12884
M5 sd : 8BT34M7

Sip chit t4i TTVT NhA xudt bin GiSo duc

In tai nhir mdy in Din Hdng, 57 GiAng V5
In xong va nQp ltlu chi6u th6ng 6/1997

Gi6 : 2.000d
Hai nghin ilbng