.,.

"''

,\

rll
:\..,

"i
I

Bo GIAo DUC VA DAO TAO

rnp cui RA HANG

UOT

ToAN HoC VIET NAM

THANCi

rilrAr TrrAc 116r QrrA ctn uqr BAr TOAN

KET QUA KI THI HQC SINH GIOI TOAN LOP 9 QUOC GIA

BA DIEM THANG HANG CUA DO THI HAM SO

3.3:.:

A2)

r MQT VAr KET QUA fUA HINH HOf

ruc

KHAI rntdru
PHUoNG PHAP vEc ro

rrEp

rrrtd

noruc BAI rHr roAN

ouoc TE 1992

THANH PHO CO BAO

ruurEu xe aufr

Thdtt giclo uit Ddi ruydn hoc sinh gi6i 1996-1997 tinhD6ng Nai

roAN Hoc vA rudl rnft

MATHEMATICS AND YOUTH

MUC LUC

Dinh cho c6c b?n trung hgc co sti

For Lower Secondary School Level Friurds
Nguy6nNggc Nam --Khai th6c t6t quh cria rnQt
bdi to6n

o Giii bii ki truric

1o-ng DIen tap ,

NGTIYEN CANH TOAN

Sctlutions of Problens in Previous Issue

C6cbhi ciasOZSl

niy

Db ra ki

Phd t6'ng bin tQp :

NCODATTTI
HOANG CHiTNG

Problems in this issue

o
o

o
r

1 I 241,...,T 10 I 241, Lt I 24t, L21247

l<6tqu6 ki thi hoc sinh gi6i to6n kip

quoc gla
DAnh cho c5c b4n chudn bi thi vio dai hoc
For College md University E xam Preparts
Phan Htru Floii - Ba diOm ddc bi0t thing hang
ciia d6 thi hirn s6
Thich Phip Minn - Ti0p tuc khai triOn phtnmg
ph6p vecto

11

13

t4

[Igc sinh tim tdi

Young Filends' Search in Matlts
Nguybn Tuin
1992

Tim hidu

Hii - Md r6ng bli thi to6n

qrt5c

t6

sAu th6m to6n hoc phd th6ng

Bia

Le Th6ng Nhnt - Tim ra ... ch6 sai

Giai tri to6n hoc
Fun wibl Mathemalit's

Bia 4

Ngqy\n Chng Sri-Thinh

Ngd Dat Tf, L0 Kh[c Blo, NguY0n

Huy Doan, NguyQn Vi0t Hii, Dinh

Xuin

HuY, Phan

Huy Khti, Vfr Thanh Khiot, L0 H[i

Khoi, Nguy0n Vln Miu, Hoing L0
Minh, Nguy0n Khlc Minh, Trtn Vln
Nhung, NguyOn Ding Phdt, Phan
Thanh Quang, Ta HOng Quing, D[ng

the tich

Binh Phuonp - Giii d6p bai

Hoi tu6i cira moi ngudi

rAP

Nguy0n Cinh Toin, Hoing Ch(rng,

Quang Hio, NguyOn

tO

To Help young friends gain better

Understanding in school Maths
Vo Giang Gi, - MOr vhi ktlt qul dgp cfia hinh
hoc ch(mg rninh bhng phuangphlp diQn tich,

UQI oONc BIEN

Hing Thlng, Vi Duong ThuY, Trin

Thinh Trai, L0 86 Kh6nh Trinh, NgO
Vi0t Trung, Dlng Quan ViOn.

Bia 4

phi5 c6 bao nhiOu

tuyOn xe

Tru

sri rda

soar

Noi

81 'l'rin Huig Dao, Hi

231 Nguy6n Ven'c", Tp H6

chi

Minh

I)r

r'i.22007r

I)T : 8.3.56111

tip rt tri ^sr.r : V I I f II{ -t1tl):

Ltj l']11]fti flll.l
l.rinh bhy: tloAN(i l-1, Bn ('ll

ltin

Dinh cho c6c ban Trung hoc co sd

KltAr [ltfiG

xfr altA sun m[IE nal ranru

a

NGLIYEN NGOC NAM

(H)rTdy)

ft tet qug hay huong gili cfra m6t bli to6n ta c6 ttrti ttrai
thic siu cac kOt qua vd se tim th0r4 duoc cdc.bii tg6n rndi. Cdc
bdi todn ndy girlp chfng ta cung cO fuoc nhi0u ki0n rhric, slne
rap hon trong m6iuei vilim oudc ryr5itiOn tq, pnuong ph6p
dol vol m01 dang toan. Vt du ta xuat phat tu:

giff

Bii

to6n giSc :
Cho trt gidc ABCD u)i.tiep dtronq tro.n (O, R) c6 AC L BD
I (l+ Ol. Chune minh
r4t I,(I1Q)rcnlng_
tAi
mtnh rdnp
rdng : 8 diim
dim qOmtryng
ctia cdc
cic
eon trunp dim cLia
c4nh vi chan cdc duong vuoig g6c ha tht xu6n{cdc cqnh cing
nimtan
nim
tAn mdt dwng
dudne ti0n. nitiben
hin kinh dwn!
dwn| trdn
fin O6
od *eo'R
meo'fr.

Khai th6cth0m tac6: OA,l

Cfi =

(c- i^4.(n, - Irc).

t;r*)
* (C -'rrd)*(P*
,lr.
=4rt -, UA2 + rrl + Kt + ctll=
= 4R2

vid(Ol=d).

Ta c6

2R2

bli

=2R2 = const.

toan 4

7'E

Biitoin4

Gi6i:

BY 1 \
/l
I
I l" Io
vut)itg pdc v(i nhau,
[rt---r
. Chtrtg ninh rdng : Ting \

* Goi trung didm cjia cic

canhAB, BC, CD, DAlfuluqL

ri piit' ABCD noi tiin

trong (), Fl cd z duttng chio
Cho

Ii

M, N, P, Qthi |LAtrQ1i hinh

chD nhat ndi ti0n dudnp trdn
dudng kinh'MP ho.ac N0.
K6o dli 1N cit ,4D tar

Of

+ O,t' +

biilh nhuins cic khianp cich

d Q'din ciq c4nn ciaTi
khong phqr thuQc vio vl tri cua

'r
\
I

)l
giec ' \--_-,'

=INIAD=K+Knhm

tron dudng trdn du0ng kinh

tir gi6c 1r4 dudng trdn.

Lrn

thip vi di hii toin 2. J.4

ta

ha diy AL'
thiy hai
AL'yQBDcdSnh4u
vi BD cdlnhau. N
Niu 2 diy niy cins vuong g6c

kinh cila rluong trdn diqua 8 diern tren UhnS :

I ^EF

voi nhau ihwe khons cit nhau (siao diim ciia t fruanpin"inp
chfu 2 tliy nam ngoiiduinp troii thi kit qud c6 ding ihingT
X6t rrh toan 2 :
Ha OE L AC. OF L BD
IEOPId hinh cht nhAt
IB+
lA+ 1(-

- l-

Tir bgr toan trOn tra nhin thtv : 6ON11Ihin'h binh hinh
Trung di0rn cria lOddng thor th lrun! di0m O cua pNhey tim
cua duong tron dj qua M, N, P, Qchinh.h trung diOm cria /O.
Nhu vAy, NOu 1c0 dinh
Or cO dinh ii, d = const

r i---:-----=

"lZP

ttrOng Otii. rOi dir xu6t b)i to6n qui tich sau

Bii todn l:^Cholmrng

li

mQt

co

hii

trQn

canh thay doi

Tim

Ol2 = lE2 + OE2 =

7 d + rf + It' + rt' +aqol - ltvi tA.t(= tB.n)

=aQP
lA" + ltr + IC + IU =4iI =const.
= BI" - K.

Tt

qul

tr6

',

Nd =zrt

rcn

=rt*1.

NQ2

= MN2 + Na' =

- c?

Tlkot qul

vI (**)

(AC2

ta c6 thorn hai

+ sn2l=

bii roin sau.

Bii

to6n 2 :
Cho duang trdn (O), hai dAy AC vi BD rhav d6i, cdr nhau
rai I (l+ O) viludn vuonpp6c vhi nhau.
Chmg minh ring : tA'+
+
+ td *nOng o(;i.

I* t(

Bii

todn 3 :
.Cho dwng trin (O), hai dAyA(- v) BDthay ddi nhmg tu6n
uy1ngg1c vdi nhautai m6t dim I co dinh triong dnig trdn

(l+
'

0.

Chung minh rdng:

ld

+Ad

+ lDL + ZlA.lC + 2lB.lD)

const (n5u 1c5 dinh)

rnongddi.

'4

It+nt*

lil{r -11:)

bii to6n sau "manh hon".

to6n 5 t Trong (O.R) cho 2 41iy ,\C vit pD vuQng goc vqt
nhautai L (-hmg minh rdng: IA- + lE
+21t1 khong ddi.
Bii to6n 6 : TrSng Q HTho 2 dAy AC vi BD thay dff tuln
vuong g6c vt'i nh4u t4i I cQ dinh.,

Bii

ld + Bd
-+f
hll +.Bri o
=ad
=lAi + 14 + I(\+ l\+2(IAIC + IB.ID)
; l,{ + Itr 7 l( 1 D t4 (,("- t) LlA.tC = IB.|D =
= ft - rrt ? 14 + I4 + tC " ld =-g{ - afi - a-fi * ant
= |y''+ ltr(*)+ l( + lX =4( (*)
MI:

lC.z

. atl'+ afr :1it) - tA21=8C - 41=

Ta c6 thOm cic

tA2 + IB2 +

)))rrl))

qui tich trunp din M cia

.
k01

OMr+ON2+Ol'r +OQr=-lHr

dAyBC.

'

X6t"blitodn 3

lrong

cit amn!

=
[F=- lD'.OF= IE=
=
2
- 2'

Khi d6:

datns trdn (A+ O). Cfic tuonp xA7

O)iBviC.'

)rrll

tO). A

diin co dlnh nim

0E=

+l(

Chuns ffunh rdnl A(" + BD khone df,i.

Di sdu'th0q ta c6;1vdi hinh v0 brn'dAu) ,
(AC+BDf = A(" + Btl +2A(-.BD=8N - 4t +8AE.DF

- t& +B1l1F - 6fiff- s6

=gC . al +81lnr:Fl*i{oF
NOu /c6dinh
crie (AC + BDohu
= r/kh0ns d6i@C
= Doldn
thuQc vao tich (OE OFI
+ BDlcnnndt a \O'd
=
OF)vrx.rr,
l
tld: od + OF = I = const - @fr . of).l,u*o oE =
=

8C

OF(<+ OEIFlthinh vuOns).

A(' + BDIon

BDtao
vft
Olcic
soc binl nhau vI bing 45o.
r)
;
,.
,
-.
Ia c0 llal toan /.

Bii

nhdt

<]ACvi

todn 7 t Cho didm I c6 dinh trong dmrng trdn (0) (I + O)

Tir4 vj ri cia 2 diy AB vi CD di qua I vi vudng g6c vdi
nhau dt.tong nQ dai (AB,+ Cl)) ltin nhit.
CuOi cing, tdi xin d0 nghi cdc ban hly tim c6c ldi giii hay
hon cho c6c hii to6n fr tr0'n.'

+2)={5
ie + l0 (ta^+41 1$ - A
hrv l0r+ -5tt +26( +28i+Jl=0<+

(/ +2)'381t

L)'
rcl(,\ 4/ *29 ?+28t+31=o

(i)

Ia th6y v6 tr6i crla (1) lon hon khdng vdi moi r> 0.

Bii '11/237. Cho sA A cti 1997 chu s6 ffons dti cti 1996
,,Dri.sti5 va nAt ,'tttl si kttic .1. Hii A co ilfr'tc si ctinh
phutmg hay khlng. tai sao '/
Ldi giei: Ciqi ali ctru sr5 tn6c

'

-5

ciia zl, ta

co.

t6ng c6c

chfr s6 ciaAld 1996 .5 + a=9980 + a, srlyrasOdutrong

phep chia cur .ul chqg 11 8.+ a (rnorl 9X ). Neu A chinh
phuong thi A bing ,(. rnr so du trong ph6p chia ctia k cho
9 li 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 nOn sQ du trng phep chia cria cho
9 lI 0, i, 4, 7. Nhu viy, tt (") ta coiac gla trt rni a c6 thd
nhin li : 1, 2, .5 (loai theo gt). X6t c6c trurmg hqrp :
I r ,4 cti chu stl 1in c'no la r. I)o A chinh phuong nn q
khOngth0 hing 2 vr ll mr hing I ..va A co dqng t t0 14 + I 1'
la so
= 100- + 20n+ 1.. suy ruchlrso hangchgc cua
chin. khlc 5. nOn trurrng hon nIy khdng xay rr.
2 ) A cti qhu so tin cung kh6c a, tfc li 5. Suy ra A c6 dang
( l.Om + 5)- = l00n tn + 1)+ 2-5. Tld6 fic6 a=2 vhchfr
so lring triln cria ,,1 lI s0 chln (vi n (rn + 1) ch[n), tfc ld

d6 suy ra phuong trinh dI cho vO nghiQrn.

NhAn x6t. r-ac bm sau tliy cing c6 ldi giii t6t: Chu M?nh Dfin*s,
8T. NK Bic Gimg. Aguyeit lhrc Hiti'. N'guyinTrtttg L,;rp.,Vgrry.vr
Thanh Ti,gB, (lfYan Lac. Vinh Phric. Lrru Tiin \trc,8ts. I/rr;ilg
Minh Hoang,9l), Chuydn tmg Hda, Hi Tny' Phting Quang liung.
,('T, NK y Yin, Nam DinI. f/i Xuin (iilq,7TNz I H.i Ihi Plrumg
Ift,io, 9TN, NK tsim Scrn : Inni Li Hing.9T. Lrm Sun : Lrnr.Vgoc

Iuin, 8C. NK Thrnh pho Thanh H6a. Phm Viit Bic'. N'guyin Dinh
yrd, 9CT, NK thi
Qu;tu, 9'f A, Phan B6i Chiu ; Ngh0 An. Ducng.&/
qf,
ga
H6i, QUA-ng
D6ng
uai
Dinh,
Nf
T6
Nh",
D-fing
Tht
f
intr.
*i
Binh - Nnuvin Nlfit Anh, Huvnh 'l4inh Srm. 9T, Chuyen Nghiim
Nehiim, ilii pt,i, Quins Neii. Trin Tni Minn.8A. ('huyen. Bac

Li6u'

16 Nc;tlvtN

BiiT3t237. Cho n sO dmmg x t, x2, ... , xn

(n e N; n> 3).
Chung ninh.:

khic

-5,

rnau

thuin v6i gt.

Viv kh6ng thO xiy

. Nh4n x6t. Cii

gom co

196

ra trudng hgp z1 chinh phuong.

bii giii. trong tl6 c6 5 bii giii sai. Ldi giiri tiit

'flruy&r (82 THCS Chuy0nllirrh Srm),

Quing l(g5i : .\.+4,e1 ('ao
At|t (9T ( huvin Nguy0m Nghi0m, Dric Pho), Mai Hin
Giary(9r, (lhuy0n Li Khiet). Thi'a Thi6n : fi';il Dinh Khidn(87
Nguyin Tri PhLnmg. Huil. Quang Ninh : PhvmLinQuy (8'Chuydn
'l'oan
tiong Diim I,'n g. tli t. \ghg A n t Li Qpmg. D aot 9CT Phm Boi
Chau). Thanh H6a : 'fnrmg ,\4irilt Trgm (.9' Lrnr Scm). Tong Thinh
Vri(gB \,ldng KhiiuTinh (irrr. .\y'ni Vm NpitSlunhi0n 2. Nang
KIi0u Bim Scnrt. _/lo .\4;uth (\n'nrg i71'.Nang Khriu Binr Sonl. Hi
Bdc : Nguyn ldr -Hung (9A Nin g Kh reu Yin Phong t. Hii Duong :
Tti M inh Ho ittg ( 8T I'INK). H o i n g Th i Ng u ydr tu* ( 8T PTNK), Irnr
Th Hin (7 Toln N[ng Khi6u Nam Sich). ,\guydn Mmh TLnng (6
Toiur BDHS Gi6i Nam S6ch). linh Phri : ,\guy&r Hoii Thafi(8'
Chuydn Vinl T*gng), 4Vguy&, Thu Trang(6aC.huy0n \(nh Turmg).
Kh6nh Hda : TrinTuin Anh(9 Toan !a Qu! D6n NhaTrang). Nam
Dinh : Nguy6n Trtlng Kien(9Toin Trin Dlng Ninh Tp Nam Drnh).

Xn
n * x-l ... *- Xrl
xp-)*xn xrl*Xl
xn*x2 xl +xl n+x4
-*
n f-WTxn(T
xt r x2)(xl + xl) ... \h+ xl)
nr

Xl

- 22l'

t llguyn

Ninh Thu;iry (8r THCS Quang Tmng thi trin Tin

Phi)..Dik Lnk Ngd Qu6c Anh(8 toen Chuy0n Nguy6n Du Tp Bu6n
MaThu6t), Ding Nggc Chia(9TPhan ChuTrinhTp Bu6n MaThuQt).
(8T NK Tx Tanr Digp). Bac Liu :
Ninh Binh_: Duary Manh
Lwtrg Th Nr,i,i (8A PTTFI Chuyen). Hii Phdng : .Thii
Vigt
(8[]I fTq.s Trin Phir). Hi TAy Nguyin Miuth lhnrg (8^^Vnn
Cliuyen
Thach Thit).

lo)l

nAtc

vtEN

BdiT2l237 : (jiiinltLilmg t-rinh:

It) + tlxt
141=(5x2-.i,E t/? gi6i.
Ldi
cua 7r1 Minh Hoing 81i NI(HAi Drxrng

lrin Huy Dia 8T. NC Can Loc. Hi finh.

DieuJi0n co nghia cria phuong trinh
lxl

> {2. r--:-[)ir r=

"'l

cho tro thanh

_z. (r e

:xe

Y(x,,+x.)(xr
(xp+x:)(xr+xt)

.. (x7p1

-rl

x1)

Ldri gi6i :

Dlt

Nguyn,\,,|h;it

D6ng Nai

Ti

Xn-l

Xl
n
+- Xn
M=- x2+--+...
Xt-)l
Xn*
\+ n

Xrt

Xn-l* xl

Xn-Z
Xl
krl
xn
T..,7
T
XrrZ*Xn Xn-l+xl
xn*X2 \+n
Xl
Xn
x-]
x2
v=.................................._t-T"'T--Xy)* Xn xn-l* xl
Xnl x2 xl + x3

Ap oung ndt oang th(rc C0si cho

* Xn,,

X2+

s0 duong ta c6

Xl..

Xn* Xn' l1
/

r
r
7
M-P=\xn+x2/
)+(\xl+x.l/
\X11-l*xl
nf(xFF-xfi($S-@n=@
-l+...+(-l
Xl

(xr+ n)0t + x3) ... (x1p1 + x1)

Xl]

Xrr-\l \

rXl+X)t ,
,
r
M+P=\x11
l*t-l+...',-)
.\rr-llrl
+x:l 'rl *rl
n ffi1T-x2fitr-T-xr) . (F/r - xnlT
:a: tl
t (x, + rlxrl I xr).... 1x1p| + x11

vi

COng tung v6 cua hai U6t

ta duclc :

R,

2M+ P+ Q>2n

R, r>0). Khid6phunngtrinhdi
Suy ra

Xl

oing thtic vI luuy P + Q = n,

TdwT\ffiq

ll

u>;ltlr z t

xt +

n)(E-rnf

Ld,i gi6i :

.:TTn-+ xl

-1

(xn+ x2)(xy * x3) ... (xnt + xt

thuc xriy ra khi vi cni kni x! = xz= ... = xn.
Nhan x6t : l) Hiu fr0t cic ban iliru chung rninh dring.
Nhi0u ban x6t :
t)ing

r- x2
' lt.l+l-+-l+...+

11

A-l-+
\x2+x2 Y \x; +x.t 2)
*l-/ xn +'lr
\xpl+xl 2)

(xr +_xz) + (xr + x,)

2(n+

xn)

*j*z.]Ijll1g
2(x+

(xn-t +
Ap oung udt dlng thtc

!(x1 +

x2)(x1

x2*

*...*

n)

x2) +

(x2+

x1)

.u,, .1nlifrllj'Ju oo*g o.o,

xn) !(x: + xr)(xr + xz)

,-

t,..7

xt+xl

Xn

K6 KKr

ll

Lh ll DB'

Theo dinh

li l'alet

ta

c6:

BKr B'K .KrK A'K

,u-=BA' B'A' BB' A'E
BKt B'K BA'
Suy. ra:
KK A'K BB
1I K CB'
M'itkhac
l:=::t
'
A'K CA
. IlKt ('tl
'l'u(l)vr(l)tucti:::-'- "- KK
X6t LABCvoi

,cuiii

cr)ng, 6p dung udt oing

,i?.'JuJ,'.n.

n s6 duons

,rt,,@
(n+ a)(x1+

x3) ".

(xn-1+

x1)

Do,4 = M + nAntrid6 suy ra dibu phii chrng minh.

^2
._.2)-Clc han c6 ldi giai ttit ho-n Ii : t)6 Hins Quat. BA2,
Chry0n Viit Tri tenri ttrol ; Nguy1n phong Thii, LLxng Vigt
!lrt*,?{' Hong Brng vn Titm Vin H49Dz, Lic Vi0n (Hii Phdng) :
Il;utt.Iloii Thu,9 Toan, ('huydn Thi xa vi Hoing Thiy Giang, dA,
(Tb6i Bi$r); Hoing Minh Phric,gR,Nshilian,
!,nyy9n Quy* phu

Nghi L6c f XgL! 4.1t t Nguyin rhj N6i,9K, Li Lcri, Hi D6ns tHi
hnnts l'ltc;;M;in, 8A. lhuy0n Bac LiSu (Bac Li6u) I Aluyar
(Di NEng) ; Lu Bon vml, oa r, me*r iirmg,
Qry,,{ ]lr;,!9Qyy.Don
Quan ! {TP H6 Chi Minh ) , V.u ViQt Tii,gToin, Chuyan Hii Hiu vi
NEtS'at Trong Kiin 9T. Tran Dang NinI tNam tjinhl : .V.rrryor
Hoing Quan.9T1. Nguyin tsinh Klrienr tVinh Lonel i HotmeTliuth
l,ilr. 9'f.Thori Ngoc Hiu. Long Xuyen (An Giangi : TritTttit AuJt.
9Joi1. La Qu! Don (Kh6nhHda) ; te Chi iiitg,9T, Lam strn
!Ipn{H6a! Ngu/en Thi Minh r!r,,:,59, Ngoc Lim, Gia Lln (Hd '.
IOf ,.ryU n!
ley lsuyin TIly !1uti,8 roln. Nguyin Du.
B.uon-\4a Thurpt (Dak Lik) : Ding Thi Tii Nltu,gT . Hii DIni. Ddng
tl cri 1 Qrrri ng Bi nh 1 : Trin Wnlt Trug,9s, Ly TuTrong, Tri V inh (TrI
Y_inhl: Huj,nh ('ong Phmic,9l, Nguy5n iri phLnng (Thia Thi0n

Tlll

Hu6).
.

^!a1n!r6

ti Nguyjn ThuTLang,6A, Chuyin

cir toi griii<it n]rwrg kh6ng gtri aia ctri

rrqntrfu c6 ldigiiitilt

[$ fyonq(W*
i) lii giii ln Vn

Bh

Phri).

Quj, Loc

r-srHSNri uuAr

BdiT41237:
Gii str AA', BB', CC' li cac dwmg phin giic trong cia
LABC..Goi L li giao t\in cia AA; vi B1C', K ti giao
din cia CC' vi A'B'.
Chung ninh ring BB' ti phin gidc cia gdc KRL.

t]A'

AA', BB'li,phin giic

BA' AR t'
ah
_ iCB'=
CA AC b
a+c
-=-=
BKt
aL'
I
Tri(3)vI (4)suv ru:-=
Kh t+c llR'

(3)
ta c6

(4)

RIt ,c'
' IIt u+cBB'
BKt BLr
Nen
KKt LLt
n
Talaic6 frk=l8oo-6?'=
lto, -+
fri=lrirt"- /A= lBo" - 42
I

. \ -,/"\
BLIL

Sty raBKlK=

Ti (5lvi
Suy

l)

Q)

CA'ttR

lump tu

SCCO:

(6) tu_c6

(.5.)

(6)

A,RKK- LBL:L.

rffiZ1 =ffiKt

Yqy BB' lh phin gi6c g6c KBL

Nh0n x6t. tiiii ttlt uii niv c6 clc
Quing Ninh : D6 Quang ffrar*,,

ban

Bi. H6i
H6ng Bing, Vu An}.Dung. 9Tl
Trin Phir ; Vinlr Phfc : Nguy0n Trung Lap, D6 Vin Tuin, Nguyin
D(rc Hai.98 {'huyin-Yin Lre. Vu Vin Phong l9A_('huyin \4rrh
Tuimg : Hda Binh : t)o Thi Thu Fli. 9A. Huu Nghi I BEc Ninh : Phanr
Viit Khoa, 9 Toan; Ti0n Scn. Nguyin Ding Qu!, 8A, NK'l'huan
Thanh, Nguyln m5 ffruy. lA Nf f iia t.urn! ; }I;'16r, : Do1hantl
Hi0n,7A Toan ThuongTIn, Lm Trin Dtrc. 8ti Chuyin Van'toan, ung
Hda ; Hi N6i : Vu Dinh Hoing 9A.l (iiing Vo I Do Quurg Anh, 9l)
Qunng Trung : Nam Di.nh : Nguy0n C6ng Tuin, l,Jguyin Khinlr An.
8T Trrin DIng Ninh, Trin Dric Hiu, 8T Hin Thuy0n, Vu Xuin I)irng.
9. (iiao Tiin, Nguyin Duc Kr0n, 94, Bach Long I Thanh H6a: L0
Mlnh Thuy. 7A Hoiing H6a Trinh L6 Hing, Tmong Minh luin, 9T
Larn Son, Mai Thi Thu Hi, I-e Thi Minh Tim, Trrn} Thi Hiin, 8 TN
NK Binr Son. Lm t)ric Thi. Nguyin Th; H6ng, 7A NK Hoing Hria.
Trinh H6ng Nam, 98 THCS NK TP ; NghQ An : Hi Vin Dat. STA

!r,on-g:Nluyin

Phong

OAZ Trong didm U6ng

Thiin.gAl

Phm BQi Chiu. Hoing Minh Ph[c. 98 Nghi Li6n, Nghi L6c I Hi
Tinh : Nguydn Viit t 'uung. 9T2 NK : Thrn Thien - Hu6 : Huynh ( 'ong
Phrn'rc, 9l NguyinTri Phurmg. Binh Dinh : Phan Thartr Giin, 8A Hoa
T}Ing, Tuy Phuoc. Kh6nh Hda : Trin Tuin Anh.-9T I-3 Qu! I)on.
Nha Trurg I DIc Ldc : NgryOn Tuin Anh, Nguy6n Du, Bu6n M0
ThuQt i Binh Duong: Nguy6n Tiin Hing 9Tl PTTH ChuySn Hing
Vurng, Thi l)iu M6t. D0ng Nai : Vo Huu Dad. 8T Nguyin liinh
Khi6m, Bi0n Hda. Bi Ria - Viing Tiu : Bii Chinh Quang, 8T fihuy0n

Qu! D6n, Nguydn Ngqc An Phuong, 8T NK

Anh Khoa, 8A ChuyOn.
Ld

CaiLiy BqcLiduTrin

mQt

T5/237. Cho tam gi6c ABC cd g6c B bing

Dung phia ngoii.tan gidc,ACD.
-)
Ching minh ring: Btr = AE +BC.
Ldi giii. Tren nfta

3f,

dinh

AEz=

Nang Khieu Hi Trdg). Vn Dirc Nghia (!A THCS D6ng

Cuons Tx Thanh H6a). Neh0 An : Neuv6n Trinh Hiiu (9T PICS thi
tr6o dran Hinh. huyen N;hi L6c). NgLyCn Xu6n Giao (9Ts IvfTH
ptran Bai Chau),
VIn Dat (9Tr PTTH Phan-BQi Chiul. Qu6ng
Binh : Dane thi T6 Nhu (THCS NIng khiOu Hai Dinh D6ng H6i).
Vinh Phti ,1tin Hwng Xuin (7A I Chuydn Md Linh). Ninh Binh :

tiA

toan"Neng ftridu Tnrc;g Hen S i du Tx Ninh Binh).

Trang (8T NIng Khi0u). Snn T6y : Do6n
Phuons Thao Chuy0n Tx Son Tiy). Quine Ng6i : PhamTuin-Anh (8
Tour ihuyOn La ifti6t). Dd NiiU : Nguy5n Quang Anh Tuin (9T5
PICS LE Hdng Phong).'Vinh Long : Nguy6n thi Nepq Lan (8r-v
PTTH Chuydn NguySn Binh Khi0m).
(q

= a8 +

a1

oANcv6u
: Cho ddy s6 at, a, 23,.., thdandn : at= l,
n=3, &t+t= @ +2)h- (n + l)an-t Y n.> 2.
rim tit cd cdc gid tri cfia n ari an li sd chinh phuong.
Ldri eiii (cia Dd Qu an g Dwn g, 1 0T THPH Hoing V[n

. Bii

todn khdi qu6t : Cho s0 nguy0n p > 2. Cho d6y

al,

(1)

1,4.5.6,?).

(n + l)an-r Y n> 2.

VnZ

9. Suy ra

an:

as

(mod 2?)

Vn

k=9
_^p

vOi f < n < 7. bing cichthir truc ti6p ta *rdy chi co duy
nhir gi6 tri n = 1 li gii tri cin tim.
Z. EU Aa ra lI trulng hqp d[c bi6t cira Bii to6n kh6i

tit ci cic gi6"td n thoa min

Ciuctabbito6ndirall: n= I vhn=3'
qu6t. khip = 2. Theo d6,

.O

yeu

Nhfln x6t. taa soan nh|n tlusc ldi giii cria

bJI* .t . f-d gil,i t6t ; 87 ban cho Ldi giii

#;fiil;;i
'

qu6t cia

dly

{ rin

,"il

il;"

l& giai

i.

'"i

195 bpn' Trong s6 d6

kh6ng holm chinh do
a"" di x6't iai s5 hang tdng

NCTTYiN KHAC MINH

BiiT7l237 : Chung nu7h $ng Y ar. n,.... an> 0 vi

xt, n,..., xn R ta co b\t ddng thrtc sau :

-!
n-

t*, + xz+

...

xn12

1,.,
, il*t
il'*t -,, rt rt+...+<l-+...+-ll
-+-\.S-ar S-an)\a{ tr atr'
|

eN I m, n> 2 vi S= 2l * 22.* ... t 2n

Ldi ei6i (cia nhiiu ban) ; Kh1ng naL dtg quat. gii sir
ar> a;>...) an.Khi d6, do al > 0 Vr= 1, n vi.nr e N, ta
c6:

vI:

n, n,... th6a min :

al = l, n=1, an+l = (n + 2)A-

1.

V m. n

BiiT6t237

ddratase gihi

Vn>

> 9. MI as= 46233: I (mod 27) nOn an: 1 (mod 27)Y n

> 8. Nhu vfly, Vn > 8 dOu kh6ng t6n tai a e N sao cho an

Hii Dtrong : LO thi Thu

BIi

t<t

Ysr"n=1,2,3,+,llingilctr thiltruc tiOp, tathiy an li

s5 chinh phuong khi vi chi khi n = l, t1=3.
* X6t ;> 2. Khid6, d0 an 0 (rnod 3) Vn > 2(suy ra tri
=
(l)) nOn dii:ukien cdn Ad,1a eNsao cho an= f ld ar: 0
| Vn 2, vd
imoO Zn holc an = 1. Tri (1) ta c6 a>

Ili

L D{! giii

^=lk= I

'

tt

Thu - HdaBinh)

vor a.t-1 = 1! tadugc

phuongcnicirrndt|ncirngbfii

Dinh Hrru Toin

* X6tp.= 2. Khi d6^do tri (1) ta c6 an=3 (mod |0) Vn

> 5 nOn iuv ra an* az Y a e N, Vn 2 -5 (vi c6c s6 chinh

Ldi giai tot g6m cri

u
Ua NOi : NIuy0n Ngqc Giang 18H THCS Tnmg Vuong), Nguy6n
u Ven ,qn), Ld Cudng (9M PIDL -Marie
Dric Ti6n (gAY PICS
Curie), Nguy6n Hoing Minh (8C Hi NQi - Amsterdam). Nguyan]!
Minh Th; (9C THCS Ngoc Lim Gia Lim). H6i Phdng : Phqm Dtc
Hi6p. Vi Thiv Linh (7T"Chu VIn An), Nguy6n Phong Thi6n (9A t
rfiis ttdns tiane). Bac Li6u : Trin Anh Khoa, Trin Th6 Minh (8A
Rfm cnu!tn). bd. Ld. D4ng Trung Thirrh. Luvng Thi Thanh
Minh (8 Toan Chuyin Nguy6n Dut. Bic Ninh : Truong thi Thao.
NzuvEn Mai Anh, Pham ViSt Khoa (9 Tofur NIng KhiOu Tidn.Son),
Nluyan thi Hao ( l0Al PITH Li Thai T6, Ti6n Son). Tp H6 Chi
Minir : Nguy6n thi thanh Thi0n (9T1 Nguydn An Khuo'ng' huygn
Ho6c M6n). NamDinh : Nguydn Trgng KiOn(9TTrdnDIng NinhTp
Nam Drnh). Nguy6n Cong Tuan (8 Toiur Trin Ding Ninh Tp Nam
Dinh), Nguyi:n Tuin Anh 19 Chuy0n Toiur j' YOn)' Thanh H6a I Ld

fli

tunhi0n.

fOthqp

il;;?li

all lfry thia p ciia

llna, *Ct. C6 147 bli eiii. tel ce dlu eia'i dine. Clc ban giai theo
phuong phirp quay thuon! trinhtiy thi;5u chat c6e hoac gia chit che
e'd;s. t6c nafeiiibihi c6ch chr.'ns minh ta; gi6c biing
nhauihi thiau &. truung tiqp g6c IUc lon hot hoqc biing 1200.

ft

dd,

ar=L4r- a*-l) + al = \ no*l = I fr

,t= I
k=2
k=2

\,

600"= 9go qOn A,{pE,

AB" + BE'= AB'= BC'.

nnn

,ff.-

/ i't \-.
quaytamc.g6cquay.60" !
-.--7
nguqc chi0u lim {Ong ,,_-i1,,.,'
,
hO (hinh ve) bi0n : E +
'' ti'-=-f,
B,A--+D,dod6EA-+ \,, l,
BD. suy.ra BD:_AE
".lLu
Mat kh6c. ^ABE =
1
^ABC+^CBE=30o+
vuQng
B vh ta c6 BD'=

gi6 t4 cria

2, d?t br= an-- an-t. Khi d6, tri

d6y
x6c
dinh
thuc
c0ng
{4n}' ta sE c6 : tr, = n.bn r-Y n>3'
Suy-ra fu = nl Vn> 3. KOt hqp voi bz: n- lr =J.- | =)t'
ta duoc bn= ntV n22. Do d6. vdi moi n> 2tac5:

m[t
phlng bd BC kh6ng
chfa rliOm A dqng tam

sO

cb, cdc

Ldi giAi : Vdi m6i n>

WKIMTHTTY

Bii

6t

Hiy. tim

sO

al>t>...>ail'
_! >_*-....-r4S-an
S-at S-az

Ap OUng bet Alng thfc Tr0busep cho hai day

tlng ( 1) vd (2), ta dugc :

(1)

e)
khOng

rn+nm* "'-t^nr$.)(./ il +"+

tat

s-rr

\
s- ,s
a1

.#*t \
S _ an )

-(af*t
<- nl

\ S_ ar

Bii

7 ,i2n\
I + tgrcr
(3) Giei. (cfia da s6 c6c ban). Su dung cOng thirc.-.l',
s=rcaE + ts44
" + 2(\"t?3n.*

= ,

.t2n.,2

=-;*

)-,

*Suvra:

cos'l

S-an)

l"'1

r
,3T8.,2 t
+(l+ts'7)=
s+2=(t+te"r)

:--r)+...*(-l-r)
/
\S-An

=sl\S-at
---+...+-

,tadugc

cos'ct

=(\S-at

il -+...+ 2n
Mi: :
+... +:
=
S- u
S- ao
,1

T81237. Tin phin nguyAn crta s(; S xec dinh bhi

cos'-

=it11s-ar)+...+(s-ax)lx S+2++=-+.--*
J -f / t

n-l

/ I
xl-+...+-l_
\S-ar
\J-al

I r n>-_n=
n2
,9-ar)
n-t
n-l
b-an/

.oro3-l ,o*'T
-""7 to'o]7
'o'o't-"''1

n_1
n-t
:
I ir*.
il + ..+ #) <
n- I ' ' 'ff*r df *t
#*I
* ... *
(4)
S-q S-n
S*an
ap orng ia,
cho hai b6 s6
x2
^eiiArBunhiacopxki
xn
(-t
\r
I
r- .
'
-r- Id lbfl'
'1.41"
.
vr 1{aP ,^luT ,...,
^/d")radugc
:+:*...*:) R @f +aT+...+dr)>
[
NOn tri (3) ta c6

Gqiv6phiicfra(*)liA.TachungminhA=416.
Gqiv0phiicfra(*)liA.TachungminhA=416.

_ .' n 2n

of trrdv

'at' #

1,o-

tnor min phuong trinh cos24x =

;; f

'o1t3i.o*'r- t)(64cos6x-80cos4x+24cos2x-

1)=Q;

Suy ra

,fi t

!f-l

-r

v,=

.or'f

Ia ba nphiOm

'

y2=

cosfu, yr = cos?

ohln bi0t cria nhuonp trinh

=6

(**)

cir3-80t2+z+t- t
LpdungdinhliVietd0ivdi(**),taduo.c
yt+12+13=

53
4'

yty2+y2yj+yiy]=

g;

(xl + x2 + ... + xn12

(xr + x2+ ... + xr12 ,

tY2Yl

=A

Do viY:
rl -1 fr
"'
' af'+ at+ "'+ af # ff
"' R=1 + 1 * ! -frl Jl8lJllv1(1) vi (5) dou ld cdc ouong 'tr nhan
-Do cdc.v6
)4 rt fihaibit dlng thric
(4) vi
dugc ,
Urn * in *"nyt\z _ ,irri,tr, + n + y)

nen

s6

g.r?

v0 theo v0

cr)ng chiOu

<
(xt+ xz*...-t \1)L
:n'' :
, fl
(nr) .
#*t
, lf
'- , ,
<

=-

*'

rl n A.,
- {\5- il +...+S-an)\)[ + +...+' ': \
uf uf
affi

Ddu"-"&udtcing,nf?:.1

.7IVIV?

(.5) ta

=4t6

*t:ri:*,,=,,'*irru

clongthdi&(4)vd(r<+j'_'.-_o:_

_'::
[xl=n="'=xn

'tnyi?

ThCvio(*).raduoc:5=414

MdL:_1r_
tvt.'-t2

- -'

c^\

, ,_ ,
=_&r_z
g'

--4Tl
,r-4n cos
cos,
cira240ban.Tircicacbanrliucho
6
dyq. Kh6ng iiban qien nrOng x6iAiSu kien xiy ia ddu '="
Do v{y
ly.eit
[S] = 412
o bdt c.in chumg minh.
.2'Mqts{banc6nhanx6tdung,rilgdS.u!{-1e N:r1?".*. Nhanx6t.-('dnc6r6tnhii:uclcdangkh6cduatr6nc6cdingthtrc
Nh,nx6t,

LTdasoannhintluqcldgiai

:!,0q9!8debeiliqulmanh.DidukiOnd6c6thOduoct}ayttr6t&i r,*,e1".i!a.,.;t;ipj-,;ilirh'1"a.-j-rengtr,t

:'inl{,fr'-%nduravigiiiquy6tdungm6tsiiBhitoankhiiquit
tri Bii d6 ta'
Ncuyirv ruAc

MINH

vietli6nquan

nn;lH'.!ru*,'r:,:,[qfi,.it^',',:;11#rxiHlHl.x:[f
da kh6ng dem lai k6t qua

d[ng.

c6r bqn sau ddy c6 ldi giei t6t.

Hi-N6i : Php Quang Vinh, Nguyin MpnhIIi; Nguy6n S! Phong,

Nguyin Dtrc.Manh, Phan Tuin Scrn, L0-Tuin Anh, Nguy0n Minh
Cong. TP HO Chi Mi$ : I-d Quang Nip, Nguyfu L0 Lp. Ti0n
Ciang : Chiu C6ng Didn, Nguy0n Blo Di0n. Di Ndng: Ng6 Quoc
Tuan. Nguy6n Tuin Phong. Nguy0n Ngoc Hri. Lim D6ng : Nguyin
'liin I ling. Phan Thrnh I hi. HAi Phdng : Dong Thanh Ting. Nguyin
'l'r,rng

Nghia, Dlrng Anh Tuin, Ph+m Duong Hidu, Doan

Thli

Son,

Doin Ma.nh Hi, Trumg Duy Lgi. Thanh H6a : LO Duy Didn, Nguy0n
Khuyin Lin. Nguyin Vdn Quang..Nguy6n Hurng. Le Vi6t Hung. Le
Vin Phurmg, L0 Xuin Trung. B-5c Ciang: Vu Duy Tuin, Nguyin
Tien Mqnh. HAi Dtrong : Nguy6r Drmg. Vi Van Tim. Nghg An:
Hoing Thmh Ph[c. Dang l)rrc Hurh. Hn Sy Ngoc. Ngo Anh Tuin.
\Jguyin Dfc Trung. Trin llm Ti. Phri Tho : Nguyin Huy f trong.
Nguy6n Kim So. Th6i Nguy0n : Li Quang Huy. Wnh Phric : Tran
Thanh TQr. Qu6ng Binh : Truong Vinh Lin. Trin Dric Thuin. JlA
Vinh :Trin Huinh Th0 Khanh. BGn Tre: Nguyin Phumg Nhu DIc
l,Ac: Vu Hii Dbng.
1-

NGI]YEN VAN MAIl

(t
ILL
lU

1
-r| L
-

o1tut -t

*
ct

')

o/ -,4 e i
l,
1
la-+lf=(
u

=b2=c2

a- b= ce

')

<+ AABC

lir dOu

NhAn x6t. I \ Khl dong cic ba tham gia giai hii toin tr6n vi cho
lin giii ding (co t6i I 49 bli giai gtri dcn toa so4n). NSoii ban Vrr Viit
Toir, cqc ian sru diy c6.l,iigiiitdt hcnr ca : ldi giai ngdn gon vi chi
ra cu thd k'hi nio xav ra dru dlns, thric.
Ua NOI Nguyin Mynh Ha, Nguy;n Hong Dwrg, hdn Tlt! L,

'

DHKHTN - DHQG Hi N0i, Pham Anh Thei llAo, mDL

Vinh. Bdc Giang : Dio Ngp c Minh,9T. NK YOn Dung :
N.uyln Tiin Manh. THPT NK Ngo Si Lien. Hung Y n t Nguyn Vin
S,1rg, llA Y0n M!, Mi Vin ; Vinh Ph(c : L Thd Thilnh, llB,
chuyan \.'inhTucmg;Ph( Thq t Vrt Mmlt Hing,l tB,chuvdn Hung
Vuung, Vi}tTri. Hda Binh : D6 Quang Duvng, J0T, lloing Vdn Thq:
Hii Pirdng t Doiur Thii Srzt,l0T PTTHNK Trin Phri : Thanh H6a :
Vu Dtn' Nghia, 8A TH('S Dong ( iumrg. Tnrmg Minh Tuin,9T
Dtc Hin, tOT. Nguydn Khuy6n Lnn, l0T, PTTH Lanr Srm I Cao Xudn
Sinh, l0,qr, tHCtl BaDinh, Nga Son: NghGAn : Ngyn Dinh
Qu,ir, 9 Toan A,, Dfutg Dn HAtil, I lT :Thua Thi6n Hu6 : fluj'nlt
Cong PttR c, gl Nguyin Tri Phrng I Di Ning t Doiur Xuin phll
ItAa. Nguyi, I.Ioing Thanh, l0Ar. L0 Qu! Ddn : Lim Ddng :
Tnnns tuih Tuin,lIT, Phan Thailh Hii,l2T, FrfTH Chuydn Thing
Long.'l)i Lat l B6n Tre : Nguy6n Phwmg Nhu, llAr, PTTII Cts
Nguyin Dinlr ('hi0u. Ti6n Giang : Nguyen Bio Dicn, I I AnJr. Chau
tiong Di6n l2T, t'fTH chuyen TG. Quing Binh : T-rin Hin hrc,
I lCT, F fTH NIng khidu Dong H6i.

PI(TI,
Ltnme

T116

.l'i

Bii Tgt237, Ky ttiru rntt. mh. mc ta d0 dii cic dmng

ttung tuyen ung ud cic canh a, b. c cfia nQt tarn gidc ABC.
Chung ninh ring:

+-1>z16:
t")L+h
IIln mb Iflc

(D

^ m1 nh rnc afi :
)''1-_:-+:+->
abc2
Ldi gifri. (cfrr

v[

vier ToIn, lop

A
Hii

Hau, Nam
Dinh va nhiOu ban khic). Sirdung c0ng thfic dudng trung
tuyen, ta co :

'

lray

la:

Z(Zrn.af; <+rt

li

Ngoii ra c6c han sau dey di chi ra m(it c6ch kh6i

bii toin trOn vi cho chtrng minh dung hai B.D.T
sau day (Bii to6n cfia ta ung v6i n = 1)
2o)

qult

r 2..2 r b,,n ,
t-l + (-) + i- {),,r1f L). '

si5

Owng 2rnn v'I

3az

=2(? *

a{,

ta

* r &),

3*l*&

z*^li

,2+i+&

(0

2,fi^I3

(ii)

,2+t?+?

.Diu ding

thli

thfrc &

ta c6

ci

B.I).T (2) cin tirn.

hai B.D.T trcn xiy ra khi vI chikhi,

r- fq,rr = l*
| .
=il]b =j]]q=-!3
a b , Te\anh=J6'e
"1.1

tt!"

14n7.

"

11"

B.tl. I tuong

va hai

Sau d6 sri dung hQ

li hirm sin, suy- ra B.D.T

-L
11161

tu.

thfc luong gi6c :

##2 + tPrf
'r2'o + rf rA= r(vAARC)
2 2'"

-i)0yring4(rni + n'b + mi)=3(a'+'n- +c').til(ii)

tuomg tu. tc thu duoc

su dung dinh

2tg^

.))')1))

vI hai B.I).T

\ml

D6li,: Nguyn Hing Dung, Trin th! LA, Phan Anh

Thai. \guyAn Vin Sang, Vfr Dfic Nghia, LA Dtc HAn.
NguJeiDinn Quin vi Nguytrt Manh Ha.
.1") Ldi giai ctia nhi0u .han cirn tldi dirng. chur gqrn.
Thi0u s6t chri vOu cua da sd ldi eiii van la chtn clti ra rnot
cich cu ttrt! t<trinio xiy ra ddu ding thfc hoic gii ngO nhln
rnOt cach truc. gi6c kh6ng co chtrng Ininh cen than.
4') MOt so it han chung rninh ma < R + R cosA =
2ncos4 vI
2

Dod6:
- Tri(i) vh haiB.D.T tuong tu, ta thu dugc B.D.T (1) cin
tirn

rm/ 1fi
7 tf121tt r tfib,,n r mg),,,
( ,, * [ n ) * ( . ) ''f f\ -!3z ),,)

\ml

2fi1a3------F-2\i3
-

dong

h6a

qrrt=2@Z+i1-u2=zr&+*+&)-3az
(2mr)z + (r\E)2 =2(a2 + t2 + c2)

Ap dung B.D.T COsi cho hai

duoc :
hay

9 To6n,

'o

vI

tri d6.

'"

2'o

vi

B ('.1 / A ltF-+/l-i
llt-+
\"2 "2 '"\/
(-Ar
ll('
r AB + ltt{>
/515i) =J
'- "\ |\ t,it,fL
'" 'o2 'o2',2+ '.2'" 2
2

se thu duuc

B.D.T

(l) cin tirn.

N(JTIYiN I)ANG PHAT

>

Bdi T10/237. GQi Gi

-) -+ -)

ti

tung tLn ndtd1idiQn voi

dinh Ai crta
tit dien

30Gi= 0M+ 0M,

nat

30Gi= 0M+ 0M,,

nil

AtAtA:At. M
diim

-)

ki rong kh\ng
Milidiem dAi
xLmg cia M gua (ii
('hung ninh rdng cac
dnmg thing AiMi0 = l.
:. .1. 4) d)ng quy tai mit
dim.

Ti

or

(4)

vi

--B

tir

O\

(9
ci

hOn

4!r(t

) _9iC'j _t

(M;Ai,

Gr(i1=-

(1)

^A1Ai:Ni'L)

Mltkh6c, theo gii thiOt ttri GGl l) duong trung binh cria
tun gi6c MML\ .{, vI do d6 :

MMj=2GiGj(Vi);
')_
MMj=-l eiAi;

(2)

Ti(l)vi(2)suyra:

(3)

-l

MMjt ,

Ai{

vd

tf

gi6c

AiAiMMili rn6t lrinh thang vdi hai dly ld AlAy M,Mivi,

)
u,M,=iAiAi.
Btri viy. hai dudng ch6,o AiM, AiM,citt
--i
nhau tai rn6t didrn Snio d6, x6c dinh boi

sM

sds=zo'-4i+ 3o? =zo+Ai* itaDh -'0t4

= -3 (rry z otg* 2(p-Ar + dao dal

54

=-

trong d6 GStrQngllm
trong
G li
ttdrdn ArAzArAq. Cho O= M,
ta duoc :5M,9 = \MG.
hay

--)

li

cira c6c tam

--) -)

ra,'.

Mi

(10)

t4, uCl to.l

[6

(ArAzAtA+)

(11)

Nhung:

rhfi ru

li

gi6c AsAuAtvi AuAtAin0n ta c6

l-+
GiGj=- AiAj;
cfra

rtr vel= Wt

rrong r0m

([ong d6 5'trang htrng v6i

-+ -)

h trung didm

(9)

MMzMMq= Vk.

hai liyi

G1

(1t);

-'.

*+

v)

l)

Vidod6:

s0

I v o; _+ _)
-) -) -) -) | t = -lGGj - AiAi,
3OG = OAi+ OA*+ O,\ '

Gi

co nghia

Vfur((ii);

Tri (9) vI ( l0) suy

Biii v0y,

30G= OAi+ OAp+ O,ar

I cDng

gii thiot thi

khdc, theo

Mi=

gili kh6c.
Ldri gi6i 2 (V6cro). Vi G vd G1 rheo
Sau ddy

--)
| (iAi

--

Gi= 14't
Mlt

(8)

-1

/iM

MS =

c6 h0 thric : (iGi =

lhrng rninh tuong trl, b6n duorg thlng (n6i ddng ra td

b6n doan thlng)
d6i mOt cit nhau vd ba mQr kh6ng
,lgne pfur.e, v{y chring phii rlOng quy- Didm AOng quy 5
(MiAi,.t)=

-+ 8-)
- MG',

li

Ldri gi6i 3 (Bi0n hinh). Theo tinh chdt trong tlm cua tfi
di0n, nOu goi Gh trong tam cria tfrdiQn AtAzAtAtIlita

ciia chring chia m6i dopn MAi theo tt

=sMi =_?

.eAi

I = -+

rninh rxng
C6 thd
uo
me cnung
chung lnlnn
rlng 01em
lrang
diim dong
d6ng quy JS mang
thlng nang
vcvihri.di6rn MviG. Thar viv..ri(7). (5) vi r4)ttdwyc:

(3) Chung t6 ring :

lofuti= 5dS(l= l. 2..1.4t(Vo) (1)

Viy biln rloan thlng AiM rlong QuXtai rn6t$idrn l, x6c
ttintr trni h0 thric recti ( Z), tray ti : ifii + 3.ilt, = f,,,\',
Suy ra : ZSAi+3SM= 0, hay lI
ItTe;

Vi

2OAi + lofv|; = 2O,a1+ 3Oh(: (V

(6) chung t6 rling : C6 rndi rlidrn ,lchung cho
doan thins.Ai Mi (i= 1,2. .1,4), xic dinh hi'ri

AuAr AnrAi= 3 AiG

li

ArA,. hay la

.1

4uGi

--)

-)

2AiA;+3NLMi=o
.'
J
--5.r

phdp tdng hc.rpt.

Goi Au h trung diOm canh Ap,4r ;thO thi, theo cich x6c
dinh trong tim cuqla$ gi6c, ta c6 :

hay

2 -+

-;

MMi=

(.5) suy ra :

-)

(Phuong
"giai l.

Ldi

--)

Odt

gian vi goi

hay 1I

-)

-)

bOn

cic doan th1ng MMivd

C,).

cria ph6p vi

tu vs-

ram ,s. ri *u

t(tdiln ArAzAlA+ thinh

Nh0n x6t. lo) Khi

(4)

Mvi

duong thdng AiMd6ng quy 0tam vi tu S

t6i

24

t0diQn

- 1= z '
-1

-]-\/), t io,

MMzMtM+.

d6ng clc ban tham gia giai har toan trin, c6

: nrot s6 han dua ra cr hai lor giri (v6cto

bii giai gui d0n tdasoan

vi bi6n hinh).
Cic ban sau diy c6 ldi giii t6t: hoflc c6 ldi giii ngin gqr, ho4c
h6a bii toan theo mdt trong clc hrnmg sau :
- Thay thd 4 di0m bing m6t hd r di0nr tiy j, (r > 1)
2o)

di khli qu6t

M, d6i xrmg v6i didm M rya G,ctng trrc ti vi tu v6i

vitu lrur tfun M ti s5 2 boi didm M li vi tu crja G trong

- Thay didm

Q trong ph6p
ph6p vi

ry t{a tamU, t6

si5 t<tuy

j,.

Hd n6i : Nguy6n Manh Hi, l0 A, Phan TuAn Son I 0A, DHKHTN ;

Ld Quang Tin," l}Ai, YOn Hda ; Tnnng Thign flpi I lA, NsuV0n
Trri:. Dwrne Viit Hine I I A. Vin noi Dong Anir. Bic $ ang Vu Duy
Iudn t I A. Ng6 Si LGn I Nguy1n Ngpc Srm l2A, PTTH YOn Dirng i.
Thanh H6a : Nguygn Vdn Quang I0T, PhTn Nhu Ng?9 I lT, L1r,n
Srm I llin Vdn Thing 12Ae Dio Duy Ti. Ngh6 An : Nguy)n Ti6n
Trung, l0 A, DHSP Vinh ; Dang Dfrc Hanh,_l 1T. Phan BQi Chnu.

hA nhu

hilth

MAI ANH

BdiLZlz37. Cho mach

nhuhinh vE.

diAn

NGTIYEN DANGPHAT

BiiLll237.

Vinh, NghQAn; NguyinNghiaLin,l0A qI, DHSP Virth -LuuVin

Manlr. i"0Ar. THCB Ba Dinh I Neuv en Qu6c Khinh,l 0Aa. chuyin L0
0u( D6n. Oa Nfne ; Pian Vin T;ip. l}Cr. PITH Vinh Bao. H6i
Phdng r Ie Drir fnintt, tZt,Pl'TH Quing {rgng fff, frl$.Y-'e'
Vfi X;an Vrrn, I 1 Ai, PTTH HOng Quang. H hi Dwrng ; L Thi H6ng
.4ril, 10Ar, PITH Hulnh Thirc Khang, Vin]r, NghQ An ; Nguydn
Trung Dfing;9 Li, Trin DIng Ninh Nam Dinh.

R1=l$;ft2=11;
Rt=18r;Rq=9r'
Rt = r. Bi qua diPn ud

Cho cu

vE.

giti

Ban d1u nz duttc

dhv

suit tiu tttu cuc dai

ill

na

sdt k.

^:
a) lmnvantocvCUA

rn2 Klil n0 sap cfiam

-b)

lat

Plx + F*.max (Prx li hinh chiOu cfia P, lOn mlt phlng

nghi0ng), sry ru IIDT> nlgsincr +,kmt8coscr hay nz>
mt (sino + ,tcosct). Nhu lz cham dit thi nz di dugc do?n
h, cdn mr {ugc ndng 10n duoc mOt d0 cao hr,= hsincr. X6t

vQtnr vd, nn;chgn gOc thOnlng t4i m6t

dit. ip dung dinh luit bio tohn nlng luong :
l|p g6m

f+

H.= m4a-) m4g- T=

Ti(1)vb(2)suyra

I= mG -

Luu f. C6

thC

u)

u=@

=Wg(i
In+ frD

frDa

qua ampe tO 1a
thu trOn Rs

ll lRznt(Rt // R+l i nt Rt.

=ffi

li P= f,, .

Tri d6 Ia =

3.

nt,n6 dat cr;c dai khi Rs = 7r.

2E

l0r

=-n*nr,

Theo oc

uii rn = 2, suy

ru

E=71r'Khi

Km6, mach ngodi c6 sod0 :

Rr nt R: ntlRz I I (R4 nt Rs nt fir)].

I'=

3 r vi ddng di0n mach chinh

)l
t410

=Rtc+Rr+R3+/' 161

Ddng di0n

qua

(A)

biy giirblng:

us =4 o.l7A
li" =
=
R5+Ra+R+ 760

(1)

Q)

+ sina + koscr)
ph6p d0ng hgc

nhu ci cAu b) v1i v = "'lzah.

NhQn x6t. C.rc em c6 ldi giai diy di-vi dun g: Ld Tq Duy Phong.
l0Ar, PTTH chuyen L0 Qu! Don, DA Ndng '. Dtrury Li Nam. 10T1.
PITH NIng khi6u, Ddng H6i, Quing Binh ; L Trin Thi Duy' llL'
chuydn L0 Khi6t, Quing Ngai'. Bii Quang Hung l0A, PTTH Huj'nh
Thric Khfurg, Vinh (Nghg An) I N6uydn Vdn Tnn, l0 Tin. PTTH L0
Viir ThuAt. Vinh NghO An . Nguyin Ddng Trung. 10A2. chuydn Yin
Bii, YGn BAi'. Trin Ngqc Hin, l0 Toan li, chuyOn Phan BQi Chau,

6R

ml+ IID

giii clu:) blng phuong

,,-

+d
E
KhidoRnu=Y.l=-^ - vbdong
Rs+llr Rag+Rt+r
.LhsZE/
Cong suit tiOu

^ t: ,rh--,= -Y
mt(sinoc + kosct)l
'tru+fiD lniz -

Vd

d6

Khi d6 Rnc =

Doi v6i vat m7 ta co.:

/;

191145

suy ra

v6i rm- mtsina - rnl4colr rJ. * *

__)
h)t)6ivdi vit ml ta co : 7-+ N+ P= &ns= fiDx
--> I- mlgsincr - mlgkcosa= m1a

DP

d6ng, mpch ngoii c6

{(Rs nt Rt)

hai

(mr=m\
_- v" = nDEh- fi1gl6ino - illgklT,oso",
- :-2-"

Hurine dan gi6i. Khi

scv

Ttnh sic cdng T cria stTt ctAy. KtOi tugng crta d|y n61
va rt)np roc khAnp danp ke.
Hu&rg din giii. a)iltuon ctro.rnz di xgjng. phai co^ D

h0 c0

cAng

ctti 2A.

dQng !<h1ng v\n fic

ffuat len
ban d\q,
ilAt phdng nghiAng voi
h sO

Rsco

vi
Xic dinh sO chi
tui Kn&.

vA mat Oit..'Sau dii th!

cho hA th)ng chuyn

n1i vi kh6a K.

Kn Kdong

co dinh o dO cao h so

f,r

NhSn x6t Cacem c6 ldi giii dring vi gon : Ong Quang Thii,
lAr, PTTH L0 Qu! D6n, Long An t hia Nan Dung I ICT P|TH

Phan B6i Chau. Vinh, NehO An : Nguyln Trung Ding 9 Li, truong
Trrn DIng Ninh, Nam Dlnh , Ngqyin Vnn Tho1,l lA: I'[TH LeQuitl6n, TX iin An, lnng in ; irn nu1'nl, Thi Khanh, l21.r, PTTH
Phrm Thli Burrns, TX Tri Vinh : l"nin Th! Ngqc Brch' 9A-Nang
khi6u Quj'nh Lm, ttlgtr.tn ; V-fr Ki' NangLi, chuydn Nguy0n-Dy,
UuOn tvta ttrugt ; Ngt; Vdn Min, I iCT, DHTH Hud, L!. Minh Hiu,
I lAr, PTTH Bic KiSn X,rng, Th6i Binh ; D6 Giao lrdn. 9F, PTTH
Lam Sm, Thanh H6a t Phti QulcHrirg 9A. TH('S chuydn Nguy6n
Hii'n, Di6n Birn, Quing Nam ; Bii Vdn Thirth, llAt, PTTH chuyin

YdnBili; NguyeiNghiaLin,lrIA,CT, DHSP Vinh t Diqn H(nThu,

I 1 Li, chuyOn Luong VAn Cta*,, fry Hda" Phri Y6n ; Trin Hht Lw,
I I CT, I'ITH NIng Khi6u D6ng H6i Quing Binh;

MAIANH

RA

KI I{

BiiTlt24l:
lc>0

xn-

luOn c6 nghiQm.

'(1-'*i$:-::);,,^
TRANNAMDUNG
0P. HAChi Minh)

TRANHONGSON

(Thii Binh)
rh6a min

r;

]dr\

!{n7_o

Tim gi6 tri ton nndt cfra bidu thric F=

BiiTgtz4l:

Chung minh

ring : trong moi tam gi6c

nhon ABCta co

sinAsinB + sinBsinC+

I + I * i'
n6rueuH

sin$llAZ _____

> (1+
uAN

'

^B}tiT3n[l: Cho p, q, rldbasd nguyOn tO tdn hon 3,

Chfmgminh phuong trinh hai 0n x. ysau dly:9x-2y- p*
- q'- - r'= 0 luOn c6 nghi0m tu nhiOn.
NcuypnuAol6u
QnrnTNOn

Hu6)

BiiT4l?Al:

Cho nfia duong trdn (O), dyrlng kinh AB

vh m6t didm Cnlim sita A.rI rD mot ttitim ITtrcn nfra.
duong trdn kt duong ttring vu6ng g6c vdi MCcltcircUlp
tuy0n tai A vi B crla (O) r?i cec di0m ruollg ung E F. Tim
vi tri crl.a diOm Msao cho chu vi tf gi6c AEFB dat gil, ffi
nrrd ntrdt.
NGUYENTHETHIEP
(Thanh Hda)

BAi T5i2A I : Cho taqr gi6c ABC,Mtd' trung didm canh

BC. Qhung minh rlng n0u r,4, ohb6n kinhcic dudng trdn
nOi ti0p c6c tam giic tucmg ung ABC, ABM, ACMthi:

I I >/l +-2l
-+^r1
n a \r a/

TRAN xuANoAr.tci

(t'tamUnh)
Bai T10/241 : Gii sri M N,

Pli

ba didm theo thri tU

li

MS NS+
. /.S
=l+
-+- A'9 PC
T
MA

NGI.IYENMINHHA

,l

CAC DE VAT

Bii

@aN1i)

LI

L1l241 : MOt

tduh6agO.mnhibutoa ^&
ICn d6i nghiOng
;
mQtg6cokhichuy0n ,/<e
dOng theo qu6n tinh. tWGd
Khi ddan tiu hda"nWtrzVdi

tdan dunp
duns lai. m6t

NGTIYEN QTIANG HOC

NCtlyptlOp

@aN6i)

(Hdi Phdne)

BitiL2l24l: Cho
m6t mach
di0n xoav
'RLC'

CACLOPTIIPT
BiiT6t241:

Cho

diy

chibu

s6 { D" } duo. c x6c rtinh b&i

or=);bn+r=lO,*
Vn>

1.

Chung minh ring {fu }

li

@r

day hQi tg v} hiy tinn lim

''

Dn.

n-)+
(Nghp An)

BdiTTt?/l: lim
:

c6c s6 nguyOn tO x,

khdnga,

ph0n nh6nh (hinh

HOQUANGVINH

phuong trinh

l6y

t0 did.n SABC. Gqi 1li giao

diOm cfr.a ba rnlt ph[ng (ABO : GBIr,tl vir (CAl0 : J
giao diem cua ba p[t phlng (MNQ. WPA) vi (PMB).
Chung minh ba diOm .S, L /thang hlng v)r
PS
trOn c6c canh SA. ,SB. SCcrja

nfra ctrii:uiii doin tiu niim o trcn oOi (nnurrinn vE). Thdi
gian tri lfc.tiu Qdt ddu di lOn COi A6n lfc drng tiu li bao
nhiOu ? Bi0t chi0u dii dodn tIu li L vI b6 qua ma sit.

vdi

"

"l2cosAcosBcosQ'

(MinhHii)

(vu BC = a).

!.

r n1
IL2)
: l> xr(t - n)+ n(l -a)+... +

vii r a za[rznf\'

| l=

ciia a.
IRAN ouv ruNu

Bii T8/241.: Cho xl, x2, ..., xn ld n s6 thuc thuOc [0 ; 1 ].

Chung minh rlng :

Chung minh ring v6i

ll')
l(a+ c)' < aQ+ bc-2ac
thi phuong tinh ax' + bx + c.=0

rf-T-

\l

(Binh Dinh)

cAc r,op rHCS

ji-

3r-

t'r/t I+ t'r/zl +... +t

Trong d6 kf hiQu tal li phln nguyOn

y th6a rnin

bOn),,trong d6 c6c
vOn k0 Vt, Vz, V: vI
l0n luot .chi c6c
V+.-.
gi6 tri Ur, U4, Ul,U+, TOng tr&cria m6i v6n k0 coi lir 16n
v0 cing vI t6ng tr& c6c d0y d1n vd diOn trf hoat tl0ng cfia
cuOn cam
cuQn
li nno
nh6 kh6ng
Knong oang
Ke. BiCt
Brcttang
rinszc>Zt.,
Lc> LL,
ctm L c01
coi ra
d6ne kC.
d6ng
fingZc>Zt,

v1iZcli,

dung kh6ng cria tq diOn C vd.Zr

cria cuQn

clm L.

Chring minh
rfi= ti * rfi.

li

cim kh6ng

ring n6u \fi= 11x (Jt

thi

NcuYEN QLTANGHATI

@iNi,i)

PROBLENfrS IN

For lower secondary schools

T11241. Prove that if

lc >o
)
Ita * c)2 <^ ab + bc - 2ac
then the eitluation af + bx* c= 0 has a root.
T21241. The numbers x, y, z > 0 satisfy the
condition

x1997+y1ee7+21997_3

-r=f*f*/

Find the greaterst value o[ the expression

Tgl241. Let p, q, r be three prime numbers

greater than 3. Prove that the following
equation (with two unknowns x y)
gx -zy -po -q4 -f -c;
has potitive integer solution.
T41241. Let be given a semi circle (O) withs
diameter AB and a point C on the segment
AB (C + A, B). The line passing through a
point M on the semicircle, perpendicular to the
line MC, cuts the tangenls of (O) at A and B
respectively at E and F. Find the position of
M so that the perimeter of the quadrilateral
AEFB attains its least value.
TSl241. Lel M be the midpoint of the side BC
of a triangle ABC. Prove that if r, rt, 12 ate
" respectively the radii of the incircles of the
triangles ABC. ABM,,ACM, lhen.

I11* 12, 2l! *?l

1

(2

a)

T!{!S ISSUE

tor uppet secondary schools

TGl241. The sequence of munbers {br}
defined by

o, =

l,

bn+1=rr(0,.G+)

on

Prove that'the sequence {bn} is convergent

and find its limit.
T71241. Find the prime numbers x, y satisfying
the condition :

tt{it *ltrEt *...

where [a] denotes

te

+[trF-lt

=y,

greatest integer not

exceeding a.
Tgl241. Xt, xz, .... xn arc n real numbers in
the segment [0 ; 1 ]. Prove that
r l)-t

+ x20 -x3) + "" +

* Xr_r (1 - x) + xn(1 - x)
Tgl241. Prove that for every acute - angled

tA

> x,(1

xr)

triangle ABC, We have

sinAsinB + sinB sinC + sinC sin A >

(t * lz "o"n *"a "o"c )'?

T1O1241. Le M, l'/, P be three Points
respectively on the sides SA, SB, SC of a
tetrahedron SABC, / be the point of
(A84, QBM,
(CAM and J be the point of intersection of
the three planes (MNq, (NPA), (PMB).
intersection of the three planes

ff=,

HOp

rnu

Tap chi To6n hoc vi tu6i u'6 di nhan duqrc y tii5n ,i pi fai ve Ldi giii crja bhi l,ll232 ddng
trong so 211997 cia 6ng Do Vin Toan. khoa L1i. Dai hec su phanr Vinh (Nghg An).
Tda soan xin hoan nghnh vi cdm cm ong p6 VXn To6n da c6 nhirng g6p y .u thd vir chinh
x6c. D6p .ii dring cria hii to6n, nhu 6ng D6 Vin To6n dn ai nghi, phii li T = 8,5N. Tda soln xin
ihinh that xin l5i b4n dec vh mong c6c ban tu kidm tra ph6p to6n thay sd ctga tr6n biri giii ddng
tr6n h6o.
Ong D6 Vdn To6n cffng di nu nhgn xet il* ding ld : v|i c6c dn kipn bing s6 cho trong dd
bdi. dinh luit bio toin vd chuydn h6a ning lur1ng d5' b! vi phpm. Cq thd lh : ding 16 phii c6

22 novo
nB'E
- t6i uiitding thfc ngugc
.;
thi vcii c6c dLr kien bdng s6 cho trong d6 bhi lai din
i

22

fttovn

. Ban dqrc hdy tu kidm

ra didu noi

tren.

TH&TT

10

=,.

Prove that the three points S, l, J are collinear

and that
MS-t- NS-t- PS
-lMA NB PC

where BC = a

22
frerp

is

l4i

mwffiw Wesffi wsM wffiffi

D[ng Thi Thu Hucrng, Luung Quang Manh, Nguycn Anh

TuAn,- Ta Thanh Xu0n {Plti Tho) ; V[ Vin Phong,

sffi&r* Lffp $ ffiffiffis ffiEe

Nguy0n Trung Llp , Trin L0 H_uy, L0 Chi Hodng, Nguy0n

ffiffis

$E$sh$ &fi{}E

ru,&Bffi H&&EC
Ki thi

Qur5c

&SSS

- &SST

giachon hoc sinh gidi THPT nlm hoc 1996

1997 duoc tiOn hlnh vdo c6c ngdy 14, J-5 th6ng 3 nlm
1977, trong d6 mOn To6n lop 9 dwc tiOn hinh thi vio

ngiy

1.5

th6ng 3

nlm

1997.

Dc thi gom c6 hai !0 d0 (pQt ding cho bing A, m6t

ding cho hing tl). rn6i hd d0 g6m.c6 4 bli thi vdi tndi
luong liln bli lI i80 phrit (kh6ng k0 thdi gian giao r]0 ).
Ki thi chon hoc sinh gi6i n[rn hoc 1996 - 1997, s0 dm
vi tharn gia du thi vd s6 thi sinh du thi nhiOu hon so vdi c6c
nlm hgjtrudc, do c6 m6t s6 tinh rndi duop thinh lap cflng
xin d[ns ki du thi.
hi;g A gdrn cri 30 dcm vi tinh, thinh phti tham gia vdi
^O
tons thi sinh lI 291.
.d n,ing B gt\rn ctl 28 dcm vi tinh, thhnh pho tham gia v6i
tong thi sinh h 24 I . V) nhu vAy sd thi sinh tlu thi mon toln
9 g6rn c6 -532 ern lu7c sinh.
bd tni.rn0n Toln 9 1td ci nai blng) duoc chdrn rheo
thang di0rn 20.
C61 bdi giii nh6t, giii nhi, giiitra vI giii khuy6n khich
durrc phin theo mfc diOm dat duoc cta thi sinh trong tung
hing voi quidinh_t6ng s0 giii khong ducrc qui 407. s6 thi
sinh du thi crla moibang, thi sinh dat giii phii c6 so diem
toi thi0u tu trung hinh tr& l0n.
Sau diy li danh s6ch c6c thi sinh duoc giii :

nAnc
1)

Giii

nhrlt$119 den 20 didrn)

Nquyen Quang Blng (HiiDutme)

f)rlc'Ioin (Vinh.Phic) lNguy0n Minh Thu(Bdc Giang):

Trurng Vln Nhlt (Bdc Ninh) l Dio Thi Hucmg tiiang, I-0
Vln HiOp, Nguy6n Thi Hudng, Bii-'tin P!6 @Ai
Duong);Vfr Vln Hii, Dio Thi HOng, D0 T'hi Hong Hu0,
Luong Thanh Tr)ng, Pham VIn Vi0t (Thdi Binh); Fh4ry
ViQt Phncrng (Ninh Binh): Dlo Manh Cudng, Chu Vi0t
Tuan. Tran Khol Vin. {guy0n Huy Vu (Nplt1 An)'.
t)ing t)uy })i0n Hii. Nguy0n Wnh Thuan (Ha Tinltl:Yo
Thi Dung Hira, !o Thi Bach Ydn lKhdnh Hda)

4) Giiikhuyn khich(Iit i3,5 dOn 14,5 diOrn)

NguyOn Vi0tThdng, L0Minh Anh Tri, t))o Phrrung Blc
@A ryli) i Nguy0n Cirn Thach. Pharn Thanh Phong,
Nguy0n H0ng Anh Khoa (TP_HO Chi Minh)l HI Trung
Hii, Luong Thanh Hoii,l'r'l'rin Minh (Hi L?y) l NguyOn
Vi0t Anh, Trin Thi HOng Curn. Clo Vu Dan(Hii Phing) :
L0 Thi Thu Hda,.Trtn Xuin '[rong, Pham 'l'hi.Thuin
(Thanh Hda):HuyOn'l'rin nir Hoirng Lm. I'ltirrtt Vict l'uin

(TfiaThi\n Hud): l'rnn Anlr Hung (Quin! Mirri): l'hatn

Ti0n Dung (Phi'iltol.,Ho ang Huy l'hutrng. l'hatn'l'hitnh
Ngt (Vinh Phic) , 'l'rln l)fic Anlr Tuiin (7'ltiii llgu.t,Cn ) .
BiiThu Hwrng, Lurmg Vln khu0, Trin lhi Hu l)humg,
Ng6 Anh Vi0n (B;ic Giang)l Nguy0n 'l'lri Hoan (Biic

Ninh) ; Trln

?f

Trin Cuong (Tltii Binh)

Nguy6n Minh.HiOu (Bic Ninh)
)) Gidi.nltitti l7 dOn 18,.5 di0rn)
Bui Viet Loc. D6 Dfc NhQt Quang, Nguyen Vfr Thanh
'ft)ne (Ha1V0i)
(Hii
I

Pharn

Thi Ki0u Dung, Bii Dfic Giang

Tij,):Yi

Trin Cucmg (Nan Dinh); Truong Vi0t Hing,

L0 Huy Hodng (7hanl Htip);Trinh Qudc Khanh (ifnlr
Pftu) Nguy0n,Thi Thanh Hlng, Nguy0n Danh Narn, H6n

VIn

Son (Bac Giang) I.)uong Xuin Quaqg, Phing Vln

Thiry, Hoing Tung lBric Ninh): Pharn H6ng Quin (H;il
Qmmg):Trin Thi Dinb(Thii Binhl:Mai HOng Chucmg,

Dinh Huu ToIn (Nlnlr Binl) , Trln

Tuin

Anh

(Ktinlt

Hr)a): Nguy0n HiiNam lDong Nai)

3. Aiiihzr(tu l5 dOn_16..5 diOm)
Trin K!' An, Nguy0n Holng Dfrng @e.N|i);Pharn
Qu6c Vi0t, Huynh Quang Thuin (T.P HA Chi Minh);

Ho)ng COng Horr, L0 Thi Thu Huy0n (Hi TAy);Trinh

Thanh Tr)ng (Hii Plfing) : Nguy0n V[n Trung, Dho
Hoing Anh (Nan Dinh); Luong Huu Tinh, Nguyen Ti0n
Hda (Thanh Hri a)', LAThiNhuBich, Huynh Cong Phu6c,
Pharn Nguy0n Quy, Phan Le Bio Tily ( Tltia Thiin Hu) ;
Nguy0n Vfr Kirn Ngin (Qrrdng Ninh)', Phan Ti0n Dfing,
Dinh Thiry HIng, V[ Do]n Hung, Pham Thi Thu Hi0n,

Hiu Son ((2u;ing NinD : L0 Minh Hii,

Nguy6n Thanh Hlo (Hli Dwmg): Pham Thi Hurrng'thu

(Thdi Binh) I PhAm Tuin Ngqc (.Nglrf AnJ : Nguy0n'Ih{i
Phri, Dlng Thii Sm I Nguy0n ViC-t T[ (H,i Tinh)',Trin
Kirn Nh0n (Qudne
; NguyOn Qu0c Vi0c Hr)ng
Ngii)
Nguy0n
Xuin
San (Binh Dinh):Ri1i
:
Quin|
Thanh Mai (Khdnh Hda) ; Nguy0n Trong Yrn (Tin
(iiang).

1)

(iiii ntt*gi

sANc n

rlidm)
Luu Minh.NBac (Dak Lak) ;
Luong ThONhdn(Bac LiAu) ,
Nguy,en Hoing Quin (Wnh Long)'.
19 r10n 20

2) Gidi nil (tit l5 t10n 18,-5 rli0rn)

Br)i Thi Vin Anh, D0Thi Thu Hd (Hia BinD'.Nguyi:n
Vln Binh, Dlng Thi T0 Nhu (Quing Binlt) I Pharn Ngoc
Sing (Gla 4arl ; Nguy6n Thanh Nha (Dak Lak\; Pharn
Nguy0n Thing. Bui Ti0n_Dat (Lin D1ng); Trdn Tutn
Hing (1iiy Ninh) : Nguy0n D0 ThAi Nguy0n, Tlng M!
Hio (Wnh Long) ; Pham C6ng Khanh, NgO Minh Tri
(DAng Thdp).
3) Gii_ih, (ti 12..5 d0n 14.5 di0rn)
Nguy0n Tuin ViQt (YAn Biti);Nguy0.n Holng Minh,
Nguy0n Cinh Toan_(TuyAn Quang) lTr0n Manh Thlng
(Lai Chiu) I Nguy0n Bich Vin, DO Chi Cucmg, '[rin
Khinh Holng (Sat La).'.Nguy0n ThiThu Hlng, Luu Thi
Hi0n, Phani Manh Tuin, Truong Trung YOn, TOn Vi0t
Hung (Hoa,Brirh) l Pham lhi Quynh Hoj, Tr0n Dfrc Son
(Quing Binh): NgO Vi0t Cudng, Nguy0n Qu0c Nguy0n
(Gia Lai)l IXng Ngoc Chlu, Dinh Thanh-Nam (Dak
Lak) ; Huynfr Trong Tri, TO Thu Hi0n, Nguy0n Thi Li0n

il

Nguy6n

Bii 3 : Cho duong (dn tam O b6n kinh R vi mQt d0y

Taydn (LAn DOng); Tr0n T0n Qu0c, Bii Ngo.
.4-B cO dinh c6S0 dli Uan a (a < 2R). Tr0n dAy AB 10y m6t
Bio, Pham Nguy0n Hodi Nhin, Luong Thu Thtry @en diOm Ptiy f r6i qua Avd, Pvd dulng trdn ttm CtiOp xric
Chi, Dobn Nguy6n Huy.KhOi, DOng Hodn Vfl,
Huu

V[

Tre);Nguy0n Trong Hung, Eoin Nggc Minh,.(Binh vdiduongtrdn(O)taiA;quaBvdPvEduongtrdntdmp

; Tr0n Th6i Minh Ch6nh, Nguy0n Tin Da, tiOp xric vdi dudng trbn (@ tqi B ,haidudng trdn nly clt
NguyOn Xutn Dfrng, Phnm L!' Duy Linh (TAy Ninh); nhautnidiOmthf haiM.'
H[dngthanh!e*(NG*giPhamfhiVanGiang,'fO a.Chfngminhrlngb,Sndidm 0,M,C,DcingnimtrOn
Duong)

HOng-Y0n. Tran ThO Minh. Truong YOn Nhi (Bac Liu)'. mQt duong t1dn.
Nguyen Chi Thdnh, LAm XuAn Nhi (Wnh Long):Phm b. Cho rlidm Pdi dpng rren diy AB:
Dinh ThO Duy lEong
1) Tim qu! ticbdidm M.
4)Gidi khiyn *nIcn$r !1 d0n 12
Z) Ctrung minh ring tluong thing qua

Thdp).

t-uo-ng Ngbc Nghia i Bic

di{rn)

can);

rra_n

Quyct

Thdng,

Nguy0n pfc Trong (Lio Cai); l,{guyen Phuong Hoa,

Trtn Tudn Linh(Y-On 86!) ; Nguy0n firi Lan Hudg,
HOng Quang. Nguy0n Tu0n Thdnh(Tuyn Quang):DdnE

VI

ThiHiOn (HdaBinh)

lHoingThiMinhDiQu,DiQpTli

Bich Hanh, Truong Thi L0 Thriy (Quing Binh); H0

ViOt

MvI

Plu6n di

quamQt didm c6 ointr"lr rim-gi6 trijdn nrr6t cfr aich PM

. PN.
BAi 4. Cho trig iacl}i A&CDc6cicgtpcnnh dtii ktr6ng
song song. Dung.hinh binh hlnh nQi tidptft gi6c ABCDc6
haj cnnh 1i0n ti0p tuong ung song song,v6i hai duong
thing giao nhau a vI b cing thu6c m4t phing ABCD.

Trang, Hu)'nh Vi Quang (Gia Lai) I Hu!'nh Thi V0n

Tuydn (KonTum I Mai Thiy Anh (Dak a.ak) ; Nguy0n ,
Khinh Minh, Nguy0n Dfc Thang (LAm Dong): Nguy0n BANG B

Vin Nghia (.8 n ke); Trdn H0 Nam, Giang Hoa, Nguy0n Ngiy thi t 15 - 3 - 1997
ThC Beo, Nguy0n T.i6n Hing, Vo Qui tong\Einn riid,igiantdmbii:l80phdt(kh6ngkdthdigiangiaorlir)
D*g);Nguy0n Qudc Huy (T|yNinh);Chlu Nguy0n
Bdi 1: a. Tim c6c cflp s6 tu nhi0n c6 tich b]ng 700 vi c6
fluoc t opg, rruongNggc Cudn[, Tnrong fnannH-li
Mau);Tr?,,n Anh Khoa, Nguy0n Thi Thanh Thiy (Bac UCLNb[ng5.
li6u);Bii.Minh Khoa(Irri. VinD;Vl,mtmdnn'1Wnn b. Chunfminn ring t0n t1i duy ntrdt mQt b0 ba sil tu
Long) ;Tr0n Ngoc Nh i (DOng
nhiOn,lon lion t ttr6a rilan tinh clft : ticll cria hai sO Uat d
trong ba s0 d6 cQ+g_vsi_l chia lietrtros6 cdn lai.
Drnii tl0y IA d0
Bii 2. a. Neu r/zs + r/r.s - = 2

iCri

rhdp)

thi

rhi

BAN.

Ngiy thi : 15 - 3 -

ilf,diffi ffi

1997

nariiropn,it(kh6ngkdthdi

gian giao

d0)

thu6c

B.ai 1 :.a. chung

lunh r6ng sq rsau day kh6ng
np hqp sO ts nhion N v6i msi gi6 tri thsc duon gcia x.
^

z,t"

,\_,

y.

,, .. ..

,i
^2
1E- * {r.tl? bing bao nhiou

Hiy tim gi6 tri tuong

o tP.r-TPi

'?

ung cira'x'

y:;'tr:\i)':;;:t'
sao cho

IiT l-rT:lHllfi#f;#:"
;)'; .iA;;E;;;i ;;?;i,61.
nail:"crrb6mgiac Anii(dipntichhsvimothinh

o-2x+y+z *2y+z+t +22+t+x

x+y+z y+z+t z+t+x*2t+x+yrffiil;ffipanQirieprrongramgiacd6QvtthuQcc?nh

t+x+y AB, Nthu0c c4nh AC, Pvi Qthu6c cpnh BQ Goi diQn
.

b. Chung minh ring t6n t4i duy ntr6t mQt b0 ba si5 tu

lion 1 ttr6a man tinh chdt ; tic[ crii trai s6 f 6t d
trong ba s,5 O6 c6ng vdi I chia h6t cho s6 cdn lai.
nhiOn ldn

Bii 2: a Cho bi0u

0-;rT;;\ffi*{r-n+...+

+ r/l

th.uc

xtqqr
trong d6 xt , xz, x3 .... x rogr lI c6c biOn sO nh0n gi6 tri
thqc duomg vI thoa min di0u kiOn : xt + x2 + x3 + ... +
xl99'1

l.

Tim.gi6 tri ldn nh6t cfra Q

vi

cic gl|trituong ung cria

cdc hiOn crla n6.

b.

Giii

hQphuong trinh

vdi

c6cdn x, y, z.

l**y*z=6

1? *

+ ? = ft

ffr.{y*,lr=+

T2

tich cria hinh chfinhQtMNPQld Sr.

Chung minhring : S> ZSi.
.Bii 4: Cho duongtrdn t6m 0b6nkinh RvImOtd,ay,4B
c6"d1nh c6 dQ .dii bdng a(a < 2 R). Tr0n d0y ,48lly mQt
diOm Ptiy f roi qua Avb, Pvl duong trdn mm CtiCp xric
vgi duimg trdn ( O) tai A ; qua B vd PvE dudng trdn tdm D
ti0p xric vdi oudng trdn (O) tai B; hai dudnglrdn nly cit
nhau tai diem thf hai M.
a. Cnring minh tri'gi6c PCoDldh\nhbinh hlnh vd b6n
rli0m O. M. C. Dcingnlm trOn mQt dudng trdn.
b. Cho diem Pdi dQng tren day AB.
l) Tim qu! rich djem M.
2) Cnung hinh rhng dudng thlng qua M vI P lu6n di
qua mOt diOm cO dinh N Tim gi6 trl l6n nhtt crja ti ch PM.
PN.
a-

NGT]YEN HTITI THAO

t--

Ddnh cho cilc b4n chudn bi thi vdo d7i hgc

ffi"e ffiEmfres m &a ffiK}8rK.wfl"6NexsaNc
O tap cni sOZIO tZtlOOl), t6c gii My Duy tho dQ gifp g6c
ban m6tphuong phdp d0 cllung minh 30i0m uOn cta dOthi thdng
hing vI chung minh 3 diOm cu. c nIm trOn rndt parabol.

flt

nhiOn, phuong ph6p niy khOng nhdn manh Ii ding cho 3 di0m
ndo mI khei quet chung cho 3 diOm dic biOt nlLo d6.
ddc
' biOt
seib6o niy, girip tli0m c6c b".an mOt s6 ttri Ou tui6n tAp vI sfi
dung thOm phuong phdp v6cto.
Vi au ? : CM"R-: Hb c6c Od ttri sau lu6n qua 3 oidrn c5 Ointr

'

ll

hlng:
,
ijiCri y= 1n+27x1"+2(n+2)?

thing

-(m+3)x-2m+1

h) (Cm) : f =(m+ |l,x'' - Qn- lix- m+ I

c) (Crnr y= (m-3)x" - -l(m- 3)x' - (m+ l)x + m

trinh

pHaMu[uHo,qt
0i aocni unn)

0+

0+0

f'l

Dd thi di qua 3 di0m udn.4C1 ;-1),

AB

,1 \ -> ,1 \ -) -+
li r), BC=l;r I J=AB=

BC.

VQy 3 ilidm ut5n thlng

hlng

Tac6:

v':

Biigiai
a) Tqa d0 3 diem co dinh le ngfriOm h0 phuong

a{le x}& Ex{E xxarq so

2(2x- 1(3

x-2)

2x +2)3

)l +2xt - x-2=0 _ g+z)(x/ - l) =0

+4x2 -3x+ I
lv=21 ++i -3x+ I - lr=zl
' lx=-l
lx=-z
lx=t
<
v {
v{
ly=1 (Cm) ly=a
ly=6
]

quqA(-2 : 7), B(lLD, C(-1,li} c0 dinh

Suyrg ho
c6 AB = (3 l-3),AC= (l : -l )
AB = 3 . AC
Tfc A, B, Q thd.ng hhng
Tugng tudhn don h0 :

1.t'-2x-I=o n)

h){

(2)
ly=f-x+t
(2) duoc hp mdi
x' ri

Ja khir

(I

),

]l-z*-t=o .=](r*l)(l-x-l)=o
ly-(2x+l)-x+l ly,=x+2 r\

t),[+t'+
(r*^E s+r[) t

H0nlyc6nghiem: (- I r

t , ; 2

thiirs:v=x+2
vay (Cmtgua
^r
c)

/J

?XD:R

..

2(r3

/I

nghiOm dring phuung trinh dudng

(x'

3x2 +

3;

-3x+3)'

g(x) li0n tqc trOn clc doan [-l :01, [0,2] : [2,3l
(0,0, g(3t
-1 <
g(3) =
g(-l) =-l
g(o) = 1 > 0, gQ)=
:
0,9(o)=l
s(-1)
dz)= -l
=33 >0
=-1 < 0,

3 didm c5 Oinn tnang nang

fl(x)=Q6[]

nghi0m

-l

< x,

-41- x+ I = 0 (l)
ly=41+tLl - x e)

v.- ne
L^ .lt
xet
:1

X6t hirn [(x) = x' - 4x" - x + I li0n tui trOn cdc doan
[-1, 0], [0, 1], U, 5l vi c6 f(-1) = -3 < 0, f(0) = 1 g
1]) I < 0 ; (5.) = 21 > 0 pt}rong trinh (1) c6 3 nghiom x,

:-

Cl :0):x, e (0, l) :x.. e(l

:5,y.

Bhy gid ta'chia da thrii y cho f(x) duoc :

y = -3.[t4l - 4x + 3 Nhu v0y h0 tr0n tuong duong
v or :

ne nay co
1It-+t-x+l=0.^.
I v=
+\

.1

nghlem

tx,, y,i'gniqm plucmg tri.nh dudng thEng y= -{,r+ 3 vdy (crn)

lu6n quh 3 diOm co dinh thlnc hlnp.
Vi tiu 2;CMR : nbl ,lo ttrisau c6 3 didm uOn thing hlng

:L
f - x+l

ul

to

v,I

c)(C):Y=#
Bii giAi

f -1x+\

Tac6:

t'=

*z < 2 x., <3

lr'-t^'+3=o

ToadOdidmu6nnghiOmnr'Jr=

2(2x- 1(l

- x-z)

(f - x+1)3

*-

'y=d; -2x+2

x-

| ,1 -3x+3
( "
lx x-l
I^(f -3x+3)=3x-3 l;= .
.-{
ol'' f -3x+1
x- |
lY= .
I x

-4x

r)(cr:.1 =

<0.

C)

x'-

3x+

r=.

Toa dO 3 di0m u5n nghiOm dring phuong trinh iluong

y=

lnefididmu5nthEng

thing

hing

nghi:
.
s6
l.coso-2x+cosu
2 ,
(oce(0;n))c63diOmuOn
!= "
" x" - 2x. cosoc + I
thdng hhng
jltlai- ;trq
y
i - mx + mco sovdi or e (0,
"lm2)
^)
Bin $p di

l/ CMR : D6 thi (C) cira hhm

(c

n) qua 3 diOm cd ifinh thing hlng.

13

df

yufrp TUf; KffiAH

pffirlffie px{np
Tffinfrru
!

wffirrff
THII'HPHAPMINH
(rhlnh ph6 l.luo)

pharn

Bio (H)
,.- I'lgng bao toan hoc yx tudi tr0 sii ZI1OO:
Npit da gldi tf iOu mOt sfr phuong.phap vecro. Sau diy tor xin
trep luc mOr
lo pXuong phip coban dt ting cho bun doc cong
cu gli]l tOan dl tu hal t0an c0 han
Rai todn l: Bii toan v0 tronp fim
a ) C h o t rm g t ic AB{ c o
fii Wry tilrr-+C h tm g mjnh rang
da+ GIt +7;'r-=(
C^hq wdiin AltCD, tia trung (tiUi AB , .t tAtrung didn
^_Q
-

'

*.71=

Hay : a7i
rtl'ronr nhunc bur to.,in co hiin
htl
trQn
van dqng
ph[cmg ph6p
de v4n
tjung thich hq,p
pE6p giiiroan
hqrp,l)un
giii to6n nhu
lr d0
liun phlcmg

nlo

thO

ta

di vio vi clu cu thO

!idg I : Cho tuclien gB('D, I li

tW dienuhuAc
MA MB
All.,laoc'ho: -=- ..
MC MT)
dtem C.

lit

Chm1,ninh

0).GhUunp.lit\trl.l

J. M.

1.

trung
mc Ltilnt
AB. l,la
di1nt AR.
J la uung

AC. NIttli
li runt
trunB di1nt
di1nt thuoi'

N kudt't'ing

nr6t ntit

phittg

Lorglar:

,faco:

Tt-=*. afu tu\M e Ao

Eh= nEfutN. aD

Jugiithi0r:

MA NB
MC -=h=k
M)
-=
Theo
21J

b/crlaBlitoan I th):

Eb=

=,q)t- +

* uilv

ualt

V---}+

tt=ltAM+Itft)

,-->
-)
(Al+

-+
IM+ BI+ IN)

v -)

--)

= il= -2'tlM+ Il'll

--)

-)

t)dng thuc nay phrnrg 16 1J. /M. /Ndong phing

Bii todn II : ( hrr tinrytic ABC co t ti tan durmp trin

tip. Chung ninh: aTl* nil + cft = r?
luong do : a = []L'.

Loi

siii
"

ntjt

-TB=i dc-rbs
.n

+ crt=

laic6:

g+ qtb

/\,&..\

"

di0rn AB

)-\
M(i'+ (iA'+2MG.

GA

\1,/
" 1 a +
MB:=M(i+GBi+2MG,GB
r
MC= Md.+ GC+zMr; . &'
Mtl = M(i + (iD +tfit;. dt
MAi^+ MBua2 +i MC
+ MA"^+
ud +i Mtl
utl = lMG
tMd + GAGA2 + GBGB: +*
--_---G( * Gtf +zMq
1(t 1fu+q-c+Gb
)
Tuopgtu:

/\"\
/. ',
1,,- \
8o

\
,t

ac

L)B=ac DtJ c+h= il

c+b BA c b+c
-+
-)
r
;.1
-)
-- 'r
viy
'' ID= - h+t' . A. Dod6:h1B + t'tC=-atA
14

MA- + MIt-

'nYi n?* R'* fu=f

yg'= (MG + (iA 1'=
I

sao cho

(bii toan I )
.5+

-TJD IflA . 1A(Bl lI phur giic g6c DBA

DB c DB DC DB+DC
lacQ:-= J
DC b c = b = [c+b = c+b
ll) =

J la trung diOgr Ct)

(i la.trung diOm IJ

hav:D?=-9.u-c
'b

ntrt

Ld,igiii

(ioi : I lir trupg

= CA, c = AB)

,Il * Hld* .t= 0'

.DB
c
rr co :
= - (Tlc dwng phar gract
DC
h'
-^
Tt

l: l, M,Nhons otrins
B)i toan I con ip"di:ng d'uoc nhusau
Vi {q 2 : Cho tridienABCD. Tim M
+ MC + MD hi nhit

\c

q MA:"+ Unz i UC + MI] = +Ud + GA2 + GB2 +

.
e M,* + Mnz + uC + MI]>(:A| + GIt2 + GC + Gd
qr

GL-+GI{ 1
Diu = xly

khr

lt{: G

iiy ilF+"uiz + i,tr2^ + ufi

Yi 4U

: Cho 1m gtiic ARC

lz= c

lil tAnt vdng trdn

:
' nmn ran!
IA7 B) ill
+-=l
hc ca ab

L nLnE

nennit rrri

n\i

ti6p

(i q i K I it

fi *,rl=f

irlr':',a.

r,fi11,lfi*Cl^'= o ol{

2;tblA.

Mi

I$+LyclA

h2tB2

IC +2pclB .JC=0
lA1 + /8.' - Ah*

lL. lJ1=
24.le= lA'"+lc';

:2

*,2tC

+\C" -BC"

2lB .lC= lB"

1 1

+ hrif ie rC i-ii gp + I82 - ,q,82) + at, (rA2 +

- Aq )+ bc(lB'+lC - SC1=0
f Yle'
.
p (f.+ ab +.at') l4 + (h' + alt + ht) lB'"+ (Lt + ac + b)
(ahct + aclf + bci{ 7=0
lC
-e-i(a+
i,+ q'tAz i b(i + b = t) [82^ +
+ h + 0 IC
.

abc(a+lt+r.') =Q
G + n + d Gtaz +
Do a + h

+c'*0

"1a

htBz"

cl} ;
"+

ild ctd
=-+-*-=1
ahc abc abc
rA2 ril
'bcacab

VidU4 : Cho
vi N trln DC'

hinh h1p ARCD

A' B'C'D'. Tin M tr\n AC

cho -MN //

. :-BI)'

sao

,MN

BD'. Tinh ti so

Lrd'jgiii: -_-,
Ali = x tle
p74

MN

Da:

M.I Nthinu

iuongd6n+B=
Do R. H

li

[y

Mact+0=

o'

.SB

Bii
cao.

4?* r.

nOn

I it g i ao

di m .1 dtnrn g

u.Fl*g.Fa+u.rtc=o

AB('D)

Bii t96n 3 : Chtt tam eiic ABC. Gqi

hing tip Chuagntnfuilnptg hegtn:

X=--

to6n 4 : Clto ABL'. I

Chrng minh ring:

y=,.1

AM=1AC

--)

IA. IB, IC
aIAz + hlB2 +

li)

tLnt ving trin

li tint ving trin nQi up

..1.5

clLr

C6c ban
Clc
an thri
tiu tim xem neu
ttru
nOu tirn n6i
nOi ti0n
tiOo rflm
h tdm
tam mr
mir
tflm nav II
cauu ndi
no1 ri6p cia tu diQn
diOn thi ta c6.
c6 ducvc trb.ttry.c
hb thup ntiu thil nio li
Cdn c6 h0 thuc nio tuong tunhutdm n6i ti0p nhrmg d6i v6i

lruc tam'?

:W =ld,=lA

G.iao diOm 3 duong trung uuc (ttrc

BD'

Vidu5:Khaitridn2hiti t( tin cua Phan Bila tr1n

-t[A+hlB+clC=0'

Bii

-1

Vdy M cin xdc dinh bdi

toAn I : q no nin g i A' Ah C go i H

cac_go cr. fl, grsatr cho .

thOm

todn 2 : Tittq tip nqg nnung Qint M cia ntp t A BC t

silt cho: MA- - 2MB- +.?MC = l- (k hut sn)
mrl rQng ra kh1ng gran, tim nhnng ttii M e ti diAn

NeoIi ra

SD

'l'm

Bii

Do a,h,ckhdng d6ng phlng

Trane blo c6 han tOi xin ban doc tim tdi nh6t hiOn
nhung.fgiii toan iau clc vi d9 niy :
- Dt nphi ban doc tu piii uln :

'ii{l!1?,'1,! #,:E

l=, (x-l)=

- +-=3
.
,SM.'N
=x+y=3Viv

-pod6=:
/)F(r -nl*.vdzt
4::G

-) )-+

.1.

*-;?ffi')
z=o

:\

[*-r--o l"="'
iE-,:,r=1
[P=t''
lv
'1 3

,d!ti!ii.i).,e

ly,

1;q1,1

uuns di0m cua

''2+
l-)
(l)e^ AB=a.l+SB+p.-SD
x..^
Y
.!
Ma:2.5H= SB= + SD=
--) l+
2x l+(SB+SB)=ct-SB+lJ
l-)
SB
.
y
32
x

*=rB#:-tu\

lynr,nun

vtla + nb't

lx-v-r=o
\l - x- z=0

"

hinp nOn

SB.SD khlc

Tac6: ,Bb'= ilB?*j

IttN=BN-B[,t
Tt: Dfu = ,DtC'
lac0:
al,t=

hoc)

^SC

ah??nons o5np ohins

c an

I
= /trong tim A S.BD=: =-]J7=-SH
^a
/.
1

ACvIL

Dir:

Dh

Da

rt=uStt+p.9t

g7

PadPc=tfr'=?

N.

ST)
+-=3
SM SN.
,'B ,II)
DIt: -=xi ..-=v
SM ,.9N

-) [x
-+

duoc vi0t lai

ffit= ,nb'

fia S C. M it p h dn g qu a A K c it c ic

,
oP -,1))d.fr- 3)
l.r;=,;

= yDe

i/BD'

(D 149 tuven snh

.o.
Lor grar :
J r.

Vdv ta co

c'

SH

ak) 10

alA' + blB' + clC = abc

alA2

S i ua

.SB

AC'^

((ch,v6 hrpng cfr4 2 yecto)

dn

di

lm.-rt"iai M
ltl vi N.
hu
hn lffi"Iai

).'Sp
SB,
Sp

tim vdng tron ngoai

tiOp

thuc nhu thO ndo 'l

. Chric cic b4n lnay rn6n thinh cOng, tim duqc h0 thfic nhu
lI trong tirn ( i ddi vdi tf di0n.

ta co dngc h0

h6o

to

t5

prd,B0lqcD,tr Trrr ToNoudcfii

I

III!}3

NGL]YENTUANHAI
\Hi Nan)
Trong ki thi v0 dich to6n qutic t6 Maxcova 1992 c6 bdi
toqn : "Chop diOm.l"rong kh6ng gian trong d6 kh0ng q6 4
di0m nho dQng phlng, C6c di6fn duq c q6i voi nhau bdng
cdc do4n thlng'. TiLn ;6 dopp thlng !t'nh6t sao chq v6i moi
c6ch td c6c doan thlng d6 blng 2 m0u luQn 1u0n ton tpi c6c
tam.gi6c c6 3 canh cing mIu", Trong s0 b6o To6n ho-c v[
Tuoi tr6 6 - 1992 Gi6o su Holng Chring di c6 bIi viOt v0
bli to6n ndy cing gE m& cira n6. Bdi b6o nby xin duoc
gi6i thi0u ket qul k"h6i qu6t cri"a blj to6n tr0n.
" Ta hay
;hay 9 di{rn tr& n OiOm ldng qudt tn > 6) vh phii
tim f(n) s6 nh6 nhtt c6c doan thdns d0 cho vdi rnoi cich
to f(n) 6oan d6 biing 2 miu ianrr vdE6 ta oi:u rim dr:qc mQt

tam

giai c6 3 ianh cing mdu. Ta

n'-3n+ 12

fln\=-

chung'minh

Trudc tin n-= 6, f(n) = 15^ta d6 tO m.au t6t cl c6c doan

tao thbnh 6 didm.do. X6t didm Ar ld d0u mfit ciia 5 canh

(tr!c

nOn c6

it nnat 3 c4nh cing miu ArAz. ArAr, ArA+.

N6u.i canh criaAAzA:A+pin! miu vdi 3 doan C6ttrisuy

ra diOu

phii chung minh,

th6a min.

nOu

"

n(n-l

lai
'22

n(l

1)

-(n- 5)+(n- l) = (n+ 1) -

md khOng c6 tam gi6c mI c6 3 c4nh cing miu. Khlng

dinh fuoc chung minh hodn tpdn.
Ti6p Lheo ta m& rOng khlng drnh khi ding ry mip dii
"sE
tfr cic doan thinp. Trudc h0t ta ki hiOu Um h s6 di0m it
nh6t sao ino v i6cn tO tdt cl c6c doan trrans n6i 2 didm
trong c[rfng b]ing rn mdu lu6n t6n tai mQt tim gi6c cing
rniu. BIng quy nap theo m ta sE c6.Um = m(Um - I - 1) +
2 vi Ur = 3 ; Uz = 6 (Ban doc c6 thO tim duoq (*) trorrg bli
b6o "BIi toln Ramx.ay" cira tic gii L0 Th6ng Nhat rOn
b6o Toln hoc vi Tudi tr0 nam i982).

kh6ng AAzA:Aa ld tam gi6c

Voi n di0m ta td miu cho ll,n)

thdns. con

Vdi khang dinh dr;qg duoc voi n didm. ta.xiy dung c6ch
mlu cho (n + I ) di0m nf u sau : Chon-di0m Ai nho d6 (i
e I 1.2"..., nll m[ n6 nijivdin - t oitim khagnhusau :
chgn diOm Ainio d6 (i e" { l, 2,.. ,n }) md n6 n6i v6i n - I
di0m kh6c trong h0 n di0m Ai. Ta kh6ng to mdu An+t Ai
cdn An+rAj ( + i) duqc tO cing mhu vdi AiAj. Khi d6
trong hQ (n + l)diOm s0 doAn th[ng dugc t0 mdu la
tO

n2

-3n+

n2-1n+12

12

=n-6

doan

doan

kh6ng duoc tO mhu. N[ru thC ta dA tO mlg tdt ci cdc c4nh

tao tt n - (n - 6) = 6 diQm. VI theo trQn t$n tai 1 tam gi6c
c6 3 canh cins miu.
Ta chi ra c66tr to bing 2 mlu cho f(n) - 1 doan thing mI
o do khdng c6 m6t tam gi6c qbo c6 3 canh cing miu. Ta
se x0y dqng c6ch tO miu d6 blng quy nap theo n. C6ch t6
miu sau d0y vrii n= 6,7,8 th6a min

Thflt vdy. bii to6n dring v6i n = Um.(vdi n < Um 92

ldigiai) cdn trong tnrdng hqp t6ng qu6t (n > Um)

khOng c6

ta t0 rnlu cho f(n) doan cdn lai

ry-2' (n) = n- (Jmdo4nkhongdugctdmdu.Loai

t trgng n - Um doan"d6
b6 (n - Um) didm lI rldu mrit
"cua
ta.dugc n - (n - Um) = Um di@m md tfit cl cic do4n flrang
ndi 2 di0m ciia chfing dOu duo. c tO miu. Theo tr0n t6n t4i
mQt tam gi6c c6 3 cph cpng mdu. Ph6p xiy dr,rng c6c t6
mtu cho f(n) - 1 dopq thlng cfrng tuong tu nhu c6ch xly
dung cira ph6p tO 2 ;nlu di trinh b"dy 0 g0n.
T6m lai, s0 it nhtt c6c doan thlng c0n t6 blng m mdu

ld:

:.
) (r -L+
ftn\=n(n-3'+ml-+
'

r +-+z
2 ")
12! 3! (m- l)! mr. )
I

Ban doc th0n m0n !

ricn aey li kOtgql tdng qu6t cfra 1 bdi toln kh6. Toi de
rfrt vui khi tirp ra kOt qul nly. C6c ban hiy suy nghi chp
truong hqp ton tai mQt da gi6c S cgnh cing m)u. Cuoi
cing c6c ban hiy thft chung minh rdng trong trucmg hgp
.

.n"
f(n)=l-,1+ l.

m= l thi

l6

Iim hiiu s0u th0m roen hoo phd rh0ns

xfr auA DEp

c0n uiruu Hoc
prAp

MOr vAt
j

cnuuc MrNH elNc

PHUONC

rnf ricn

OlEn TicH,

vd crnxc crar
gp. Hi Chi Minh)
..

Dd co nhung kdt

d0 qugn thu6c sau

qui

trudc

sau,

hOt ta

phii chung minh

2 bd

Oa9

ltiat ;rl(yo li t6m dqdng tron n6i tiOp LABCthita96

qul bii to6n rrong rtO ttri hoc sinh gi6i tdp 9 toin qutic

ngay kOt

Bod 1:ChoOcxoy< 180o; A.,A' e Ox;8,8, e Oy.

- 1996.

&iISgy,lsoe.Bt=

: Cho ttdin ABCD : O nlin trong ttrdin ;AO,

(BCD), (ACD, 1ABD. 6BCt nruig trns ri
A" B', C', D'.

/oA'.oB'.,c

oA.oB

,---n

Tic6:'
S

oaB

to<A\
sin<p

8_6 d

^ ^Bir^!ori1!

B.(.\

Vt,

A' e

( ).x B.
;

e Oz.Tac6, Voan/Voe,i,c = 1A.OB

o:C t

t'

K&:AH,A'H'L(Oyz)

,r'4
:<'

4
-- \,'. .
71._-o'_

Soa/Sop'c'=olj.OC/oB'.oC'
(do Bo de

)
f

OB'/BB'=

\'

l1

i\

soBC \zz--:'lT l}i\

voo.ec.=)A'H . soBC
>-..

a.s.c.a
Giii-:

*n

Dr,]s=sos..s
I

diu

"="

$m

0 lA trong

1r

/Y

xM

'

BN

tu(mr tu

'

= 1 t (BB'/OB' - 1) - (CC'/OC' - |).(DD'/OD' - t)

=ll(VNp- l\VN.- l)(VN^- lt

= Vu,Vr""Vr1/(Y: Ya)ry - Vrll1V - V,tr

)
V,rR,c,D,=(V-V^kt_,

sA'

sBsc/

6-s)(s-s;)(s'

vl ))

V).u

)a

+ (V

V)u

+ (V

- Vr) a + (V _ V) u=

Hun nua theo Bdl dlng thrl'c CAUqhy$i

io* \fi|v.
v-irr3{v"vr.v,
v- vrz3 \tvJB)r,

V - Vn= Vo+ Vr+

Chuu nunh tuons tu:

v,,

2{J

8S1.SB..tc

S,r=Jr, =Jr,<> Otrong tim A,4BC

Nhuvry : S'< 5/1 Dhu "="
trong tim MBC.

v'<L

v.

Diu "=" <> Otrons tam tridi0n.

S lr=Jr+J"rL'ls, s..l-Sr=S.a5o>2\ra.L
"
S.)>

Diri'=' ?Va.=.VS= Vc= V,

<> I rong tarn fu dlen

21

diy.lh nhung bli to6n c6 thd tim rheo phurmg phdp tr0n :
Bai.l.Cho AAtlC, BC= a, CA= h, AC= c';Otarn dudirctrdn
ryi1iep :/,O-, BO, CO cit BC. CA. AB l6n tuo,t h A,, b' C'.
Sa.u

^i:,kE:,ilete:,^
rS -

=1V..a

Nhuviy ,

Hon nua : Tt'eo bdl d5fi's thric Catritrv ttri

v;)(v - v dU.

('S^-

Pl,

SACD

4(,L\BN.

- 1V - Vr) - (V - Vd>81 VA VB.V"V,=

-1 (Va< .Ya)
l/81

{"'o'= ld:o
Jna.p.= (J - Jr.C(

= (S - So/ f S - SR
3cr<Ift
":"

v- vr>3 \tv^. tr* v,

= so.s,-f(s - sJ(J- s-)

il,'Afiilfr,fr*-l;i

lit trong tim tft din.

W"ttz=tV:Wx

= ll(BB'/OB'- I ).(CC'/OC' l)= l/(S/S" - 1XS/S^- l)

^
S.--So
+Sr>

oC'/CQ'7 v./V. oD'/DD'= vn/ v

Theo
I heo tso
Bo d0 2'.
2: Vno,,..n/
Vnt1,,..n/ V = Off.OC'.Ol)'/
Off.OC'.Ot)'/ OB.OC.
OB.OC.OL)
^
= oB'.oc'.oD'/@810*l tcc'- oc,) (DD, . oD.)

Juy ra :
V'= (V -

/(BB',- OB',) (CC',- OC)

= t='ifps

OMEN

Vn^.n.n.= N -

=sA,sc

= OM/BM

our;AC.

K6:DM, BN L AC.tac6:

;ac.

"="

u
viU.
-JA1|Yy
nmg mrnn tuongu.v.vr/U
tu:

giic.

S, = Soao Ja = Sp,-r, .i -= 5619

OB'EB'

erco Diu

V,,N

6\t

tam

1n*

=
i#lirrl,

,83*o41 L Ao LABC : O ndm rong ram giic : Ae, BO, CO

cdt BC. CA, AB tmng trng A'. B', C'.tnni minh ring :
'oS

tt=n#ifrh;lte^;.,

vooac=iAH.

Suyratac6duocudoez.

o,

llt:--'r4'B'c'o"
!= v ourr,
!,
Il _ (/qoBCD,

e Oy ; C,C

it,t- Obt. OC

Giii:

a. ,:

Giii:

ta c6 Ouop Uti OC

2 : Cho tam di6n Ox y x ; A,

<;

D
.oB,.si,n )'-.x,
t.

Tac6: - \-r-'
AH/A'H',= ONOA',

!9r?Q.ctr

Chtng minh rang:

OA. OB.

so:.r.=1oA'
Suy

S-

mit phing (q. r cit .9.4. SB. SC. .SDIan luot Ii

A'. B', C',1)i Chuns minh rinp :

i#i#;i'i,l6.=,f#f,f";a'd,fuon srn h

ee4

Tim ra o.. ch6 sai

Trudc h6t, xin nhdc lai bdi to6n (xem th0n

sO

237)

"Cho ohucme trinh hlc hu

'x/ (2'k+
I )r+ k' + 2 =0 {k eR)

kOd.{ +

Hay x6c rlinh

x22nfr6 nhtlt

(x,, xr l} c6c nghr0rn ciia

Gidi ddp

ohurms tnnh)".

'

L,;i,ij

.:rro

t6t

qua la

a = fi*.1roat

k= - l.
""d,onr
can *em lcn gili cfing thdy 1) kOt qul sai vi
A=

i;

rltn,rng

NgriyOn nr,an

trrO

nhin gia tn Am

A=Zt +

Xdt

,, t:,lti giar thi6u rliOukiOn ddphuong tnnh c6

nghi0m. Tham sir k phii th6a man

4k-l vdi k > 1.

A, > 0 (=) k>

*,

nil ruil

gi6 tr1 ntr6 nhAt 1I - 5

khr

orn*

ein nfu ilauitt

lI z
Ndu gqi tuor cur ong 1I x, tuor cua cha ld y, tu(ii cira con
thi
-.- theo rJri:u kt0n cua bai toln tr en :
nlm :
ctrau ra ooi thi tudi 6ng bing tutii cha sau diy i2

i,i,

y+12
- Ong c6 con sdm hm cha co ctrn l) 2 nfun
x- y+2= )' ,
- Tong sotuol ciaong.,-hl rl eh.ru llr l{)0
x+ y+ z=ioo
Nhuth6 tago hi Phutrnu trrnh:
lr-, t- ll

(1)

x- z-

]'

Oien tn--iOn cua

bii

).

'"

(3)

) , -)r,* ,--'
trrl*r-,(X)
i" ) '
Crii he phi"rong trinh nly ta tim duoc tu6i frng ; 1 = '5[ tu6i
cha : y= .14 vi tuor con z= 10.

l: :''_','

Tri t1o. cti ket qui rlirng

1)r

r14t gi6

tri nhci nhdt rrli,g

!.1 rni

k= -.
4

n6u ra chQ sar rui khong u6p phln

sua chua lcn eiei. ('6 ban giar nhung van trip tuc sli.
qOu Son'
ban ffi. Phan Thdu, 8T. rri'dng ninu khi0.u I
Grang
Bic
khi0u
nirig
I
L!.
trudrig
L0
Minh.
fhanh Hoa, Pham

Nhin x6t, tinie, f,rn chi

"til

co nhrn xet tot va grar chinh

xac.

..

...

I,ETHoN(iNHAT

Tsp chi foAN HQC VA

rud

rPi xin gidi thiCu vdi

T!

NLhra.7A,,('huven Phong('hau.PhriTho Phi Anh Ding'1 A'

'iiuyOn ftracn fndt. Hi Tey. Trii)n t\in! Nrnii' 7T' Trrn Ding

Si

Vinh.

iA,

Hung D[ng, Vinh, NghQ

t^n. Le nt iltnhTetn.Plell"lu,Gia Lai. L Phfi CmingT?tvky'

Tftki, Hai DumS \hdng lipvh giir ptuong trinh nhung da dua
rr nhrtng hp luin din dh giii dip dfing

tQp 30 ndm tgp chi lodn h7c va tue;i fie

dii to6n phdn logi theo

tung chO didm, cudn sdch ndy c6 thi cung cdp
cho- cdc bon nhi6u tu li6u th0 vi, b(i ich Nhidu
bon kh6ng c5 di6u kign luu gi0 c6c sfi tgp chi tri
nom 1964 thi cudn sdch ndy phtin ndo ddp ung
duoc mong mu6n c0o cdc bon. Cdc tdc gi6 vd
cdc bgn thom gio gi6i todn tir nhOng nom trudc

vi/i

Chucmg, NghQ An N-guy:ii;ur.r. Ha'.6Tr, w1ifiy

pirrr,np of , Nk Neuvan Du. (io \/ap. TP'HC\l Nguyin Tin
Uinniwig:6/2. illguyen Khuvin. Trin Thi Ninh A-hryTLt^l
Ling, Hii flhdng. TinhHang Yir,7A, Chuv0n cip IL i9ili I4r

Ninh, Nam Dinh . Pham

TH6NE EAO
dgc
bon
'luyen

112 bdi vidt

vd

BI\1]PHl'(]\-G

146

doy c6 thj gQp loi nh0ng ki niQm c0o minh Sdch

g6m 504 trong, knd 19 x 26,5 in tr6n giiy teii ro

1997' Cdc bgn

-6t "a. bon vdo ddu thdngv6,7 ndm
8l Triin Hung. Doo,
c6 thd muo toi 57 Giong

li6n, HA NOI;
231 Nguy6n Von Cir, 240 Trdn Binh Trong, guSIt 5,
IP Hd cHi M\NH ;15 Nguv6n Chi Thonh, DA NANG
hodc dot muo toi cdc C6ng ty Soch va Thiit bi
truong hoc thu6c cdc Sd Gido duc vd ^ddo too,
PHONG Ki HOACH IIEU THU - I.RUNg TAM PHAI
HANH sAcH GlAo DUc (thuQc NHA xuAI BAN GlAo
DUC) 57 Gi6ng V6, Hd Noi(diQn thooi : 04'8562493)'
oi6 sdcn : 28.000d. Mgi chi tidt cdc bgn c6 thd
truc iidp li6n hQ vdi T6o soon lop chi Todn hgc vd
Iudi h6, 8l Trdn Hung Dgo, Hd N,i (diQn thogi :

THiltH pU6
M4ng

lufi

c-6c

t0

tuy6n 0

Bno
tO

ililtiu tuvitt

THVTT

xE

buyt ciia mdt thhnh phO duoc h0 tri

thro nguycn tic :

rt M6i tuvin chr co ba hen do
rrl H, trr* hat kr holc khong co. hoic n6u co thi chi cfr rn0t
bin d6 chuns. Hoi co tnd u6 tri nhr0u nhit lh bao nhi0u tuyin xe
trong thanh pnO cni c6 9 tr6n C6'l
NGIIYEN (]ON(iSII

197 Toy Son,25 Hdn Thuy6n,23 Trong

04.8220073).

.-

Clc ban Tnnh-Thitnh Dong. 1A. \rinh Thinh' Wnh LOc

Thanh H6a Nguyn Manh Tuin.54 Thanh Dutmg' Thanh
Z.

vr chi khi

Nh{nx6t: l.C6r6tnhrOubanc6giiroep{lg

THONG SAO THIYD.OI TRU SO

ti thdng 6'1997, tn1 sd cia T'ia soan'I'C
TH&TT chuvn v0 :
81, Trin itung D4o, Hi NAi. DT : 04.8220073

nit

AAu

rni ii vi niri oOln iA

vi

fia

ch;

ten

TC'TH&TT

Uen tai TT ('R-DH NXB Gilo duc

In t4i NhiL miy in Di6n Hdng, 57 Giiing
ln xong v), nqp lrru chidu thing

cn5

soqn thel etia

(li5 :-2'0-00'I
Vo
7/1997 tlai nghin tl6ng