') ,

1\

t'a llor

'l{'

BQ GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

HQI TOAN HOC VIFT NAM

Au

't'nt,

lsu:

clri l{n HnN(i't'FIAN(;

per trreff v& F,rQT pHff'#!.{c pp-fisp GEfi$ pF*ffffi'Fde TfiqBruFi

,.a trno DUNG rfcH vO nuoruc od clAl aAr oAr'rc rHtrc rAM GtAc

a:
(%
6

OG

(%
.]l

,,iN Vi HM TrtP NCHTEfuI

TUYEtt SENH MON TCIA$$ K&f;Or e fr}rE&ffi F6e F,ISF ?SgS
LUONC CIAC HOA CAC PHUONC TRiNH, gAT PHLTONC TRiNH

EIE TrXE

^a:-o^t

NGO

oAc ruAN. cu'oNc rrrAr rRi: vrtT NAM

c@'*.,..

rtiu

BI0u 1ee6

!!!:*i::.fi e{=:+a?l;'}':':rir:rlir

Hoc sinh gi6i todn 9&12 truong chuydn Nguydn Binh Khi6m,Vtnh Long.

TOAN HOC VA TUOI TRE

MATHEMATICS AND YOI.JTH

MUC LUC
Trang

o Dhnh cho c6c b4n Trung hgc co s6

For Lower Secondary School Level Friends.

Trinh Vinh Ngqc - DOi di6u v6 m6t phrrong phdp

giii phtiong trinh d bdc Trung hoc co sd.
o Gi6i bei ki trndc
Solutions of Problems in Previous Issue
o Dd ra ki nhy
Problems in This Issue
Trdn Tudn Diep - D6 Manh MOn - Ung dung
tich vO httdng dd giai m6t sd dang to6n v6
bdt ding thrlc trong tam gi6c

c
o

La Thdng Nhdt

Bdn vd hai tdp

Tdng

Phd tdng bin

nOr

- Anh ddy t6 va 6ng chtr

Binh Phuong - Gidi drip bdi C6t gh6p.

soo.n

458 Hhng Chu6i, Har NOi

DT:
231 Nguy6n ven Cir, TP Hd Chi Minh DT:

erEhr

rAp

Nguy6n CAnh Toin, Hoing

Chring, Ng6 Dat Tr1, LO Kh6c

BAo, Nguy6n Huy

Doan,

Nguy6n Vi6t Hai, Dinh Quang

HAo, Nguy6n Xudn Huy, Phan
Huy KhAi, Vfl Thanh Khidt, LC
HAi Khoi, Nguy6n Van Mdu,
Hodng L6 Minh, Nguy6n KhSc
Minh, Trdn VAn Nhung,
Nguy6n Ding Phdt, Phan

16

Bia 4

Thanh Quang, T+

H6ng

QuAng, Dang Hirng Thing,

Vr1

Drrong ThUy, Trdn Thanh

LA Ngqc

Tru sd toa

odxc

lS

For College and University Entrance

Exarn Preparers
Mai Tlrung - Lriong giSc hria cdc phttong trinh,
bdt phrrong trinh vO ti.

N(rO DAT TL'l

Trd.n Huy Hd - Dd thi tuydn sinh mdn to6n khdi A

ndm 1996 tnldng Dai hoc qudc gia Ha NOi
14

Ngd Dac Tudru - Gttong mdt tr6 Vi6t Nam

ti6u bidu nhdt trong ndm 1996
Giii tri to6n hgc
Fun with Mathematics

tip

HOANG CTI{]NG

10

o Dhnh cho c6c b4n chudn bi thi vho D4i hqc

NGLIYE,N CANH TOAN

12

nghiQm

biin fip

Trai, L6 86 Khrinh Trinh, NgO

Vi6t Trung, D4ng Quan Vi6n.

Bia 4

BiAn

8213786
8356111

fip uit tri su: VU KIM THUY

Ln tgdNC NHAT

Trinh bdy : QUdC gbXC

ou*,cho

rruns

cdc bsn

o*':'r
Su:

ffiHffiffi

riil. i,

rM** yW

ffiffiffiffiWffi Wffiffiffiffi WffiffiffiTffiffiffiffi ffiffiffi ffiWffiW

TRINHVINH NGQC
(Hd TInh)

Trong c6c ki thi hgc sinh gi6i THCS, hgc

sinh thrrdng g1p cec bii torin gi6i phrrong trlnh
v6. hQ phuong trlnh mi e6ch giAi khOng blnh
thudng. Dd gifp c6c ban tlm hidu vdn dd dd, bai
vidt nAy xin bdn d6i didu v6 qich gi6i loai
phuong trinh tr6n.
Cho hdm sd y = f(x) vii y = g(x) c<i tdp x6c
dfnh ld Df, Gf. X6t phuong trinh f(r) = g(x) (l)
v6i tap x6c dinh D =

Df n De,xa"

vxD

{l9l'*

nghiOm cira (1)

VQy dd giAi mOt phuong trinh cho trtrdg vdn
d6 mdu ch6t li phAi dua duoc phtrong trlnh dd
vd d4ng (1)"me vi6c tim max (min) f(x) vdmin
(max) S(r) khonggpp khd khdn l6m. Sau ddy la

m6t s6 bai torin.

BDli to6n 1z Gidi phuong

+l4r-tsl

(A)

' lx-11 +lx-Zl+l2x-31 +l4x-Bl >

> lr -1 *r - 2 +2x-3+ 13 -kl = 7
[x-t>0
lr-2>O <+Z < x < 13
"
qau = xaYra*1*_B
>0
?.
[13-4r>0
X6t vd trrii crla (A) : 6x - x2 -,2 =
= 7 -x2 +6r - g ='I -1r -B)2 < 7
max (6x,

- x2 -2) =

Dor=g= [2.]3'
L'4

7 dat dugc

12+x+I

(Vx *
-;.--f
xz+?^x+1'

ding tim dttgc miny

-1). D0

= ]4 dat drrgc khi r = 1

3
, , 8r-4x,2-l = n+2-x
-xz ^ -1*4=
4
3
3
,8x-4#-1,
-.. g
(n-I)-=A**o*\
4
)=Z

Lei cd

dat duoc vlix = L

Tt dd phrrong trinh cti nghiQm duy nhdt

x=L.

Biri todn 3 : Tim x thm. m.d.n phuong tinh

8l x2+ 28 - L6(r - rl7+4 = g

1614+ 72 x3-

vio

Gid.i : * Ta cd thd eiAi (A) bing oich ldp bAng

x6t ddu v6phAi cria (A), tt dd suy ra nghi6m. Song
cdch ndy hldng ddi dai mdt nhi6u thdi gian.

=>

X6t hdm sd y

Glrii; N6u dtt {i -Z = t 2 0,, = O:"}

tinh
6x-x2-2=lr-11 +lx-Zlt +

* Ta gi6i nhu sau

b)r*t<il=lg:{+=##*

['(r)<m

trinh (1) tuong duong vdi h6,

- thi phuong
*
[r9, == 27 t2\
l$lx,)
' -Nd., tQn t+i xo e D th6a rndn (2) thl ro ld

+lu+Bl

* Ta
Sr&j nhu sau :
a) x = -1 khdng ph6i la nghiQm cria (B)

khir

,= 3.

non Phuong trinh

c<f

nghiQmduynhdtr = 3
Blri torin 2 z Gid.i phuong tinh
$x - 4az - \ @2 + 2x + 1) : 4(rz +r + l) (B)
GiAi * Ndu khai tridn vd trrii crla (B) thl ta
drroc phtrong trinh bgc 4 drl, n6n khd tlm
nghiOm bing kiSn thrlc d THCS.

(C) thi ta dugc mQt phrrongtrinh b{c 8. Dd

giAi phuong trinh ndy phAi cd ki ning phdn tich
da thrlc thdnh nhAn trl hay tlm nghiQm da thrlc.
Ctng vfy d tr[i=Z = t z 0. Khi dd

x -r{x

x6t

min/(/)

-Z

=x

-Z -r[i=T

f(t\-P-t+z; t
7

=,

dat dugc

+Z

c [0, **)

khi

=*

tht
hay

ii:*o(" -{V:Tl = I *t * =l

.x

fui cti:

- 1fu4 + 72x3 _ BLrz + Zg

,16

7 , 9.2. 7 -.
(, -Z )- *" " 7 ddu blng x6y ra khi

lg

l*=

lr=o
' Ttdd
trinh.

ta

6 x= ? ,U nghiQm crla phrrong

Blri todn 4 z Tim nghiQm nguyAn eila

phuong

tinh:
ry
zx
" +-yz*-=3
zx.l -

(xan tidp nang 11)

Vlo>0, b>0, clO.ru', *b*c=1n6n

suy ra az +b2 + c2 < a

Biri T1/2S4. Tirn

td.t cd. cdr sd tU

nhien cd 3

=ff*abtbcica

:2h*b+c\22+x2+y2+22

lcba: (n -2)2

Ddu "=" xAy ra khi

z
= khi dri sE xiy ra

labc:n2-l

udi n ld. sd nguyn ldn hort 2.

Ldi gi6i : (Dua tr6n ldi giAi crla ban Nguy6n
Thi Thanh Nha 9T LO Quy D6n, Kh6nh Hda vd
b4n Trdn Qu6c Htng gT, Phan BQi Cheu Ngh0

An)

-1

vi chl khi a = rt b : !,

* z2 = L : a *b * c
tr6i vdi (1). V4y sE khdng xdy taddu "=' vd

ta drrgc di6u cdn chrlng minh.

Cdch 2 ) (cia Hd. XuL.n Gid.p,

7TNL NK Blm

Son, Thanh Hda)

Tacri 100 < n2 -'1 < ggg-*101 < n2 < 1000

= r['T+&TAz @txz +y2 +22 = l.).

Tt dd tac6 :
a(x +b) +b$/ + c) + c(z * a) = a,x + by *

-*11 < n <

< 4n-5 < 119.

!
99n6n4n
-5
-5 = 99*n = 26_Vl4n
obc

31 ---r39

= 675

Thrl lai thdy dring.

Nhan x6t : DAy li m6t bii to6n d6 n6n ctj
rdt nhi6u ban gi&i dugc bii to6n ndy va gti ldi
giAi cria minh tdi tba soqn. Tdt ce c6e ldi giAi
ddu dtng. Xin kd ra ddy mQt s6 b4n irhrr : ?r&n
Vinh Trung, 9T L), Tt Trpng, Tii Vinh,
Nguydn Phi Hltng 8T Hai H:ung pdo Thi Bich
Giang 9T, Nga Son, Thanh H6a, Ng6 Qudc
AnhST Nguy6n Du, BuOn M6 ThuQt, Tq.Vd.n
NghiAm, 9T Bim Son, Thanh H6a, phqm
Ngoc Hung, 9A Phong ChAu, Vinh Phri, It
Hdi Bd.ng,7A Hoing Hcia, ThanhH6a,, Tfd.n
Dinh Khiam 8T Nguy6n Tri Phuong, Ttrta
Thi6n - Hu6, Cao Xud.n. Qud 9A Qu!'nh Luu,
NghQ An, Nguydn Hd,i Bd.ng 8A, Phong ChAu,
Pht1 Ttrg, Vuviet TiLi 9T Hei HAi, Nam Dinh,
Trd.n Td.n Nam,9T Tam D6o Vinh Phric, I
Trung Hi6u, 9T Ddng Hdi, Qu6ng Blinh, phan
Thi Hbng Nhung,8T Nguy6n Du, Bu6n M6
ThuQt Biti Phti Hung, gA U6ng Bl, Quing
Ninh...
DAuc uUNc rnANc
BiLi"t2l284. Cho 6 s6 a, b, c, fr, !, z thm.:

la*btc=!
]*,+r,*zz=l@'

0' b>0' c>0)

CnAg minh riing a(x + b) + b(y + c) *

a)<7.

c(z

Ldi girilil: Cd,ch 1. (ciaNguynThanhNhd.,

9T, Nguy6n Du, Bu6n M6 Thu6t, DEk L6k).

o2 y62,,* c2 = xZ + yZ

(1)
Tac6 abc = L00o + 106 + c = n2 -l
J
eba = 7A0c + 10b + a = rLZ - 4tL + 4 (2)
Ldy (1) trt (2) ta dtrgc

99(a-c)=4n-5
suyra4n-5i 9.

Tac<iA = a(x +q +b@ +c) + c(z +q)

*by *cz +ab +bc *ca
qa2+ x21 + @2+ y2') + G2+ ;,2\ .

o.x,

t-

chrt s6 abc trong hQ ddnt thQp phd.n dao cho

*b *c = 1(1)

Ap dlrugBdt ding thrlc Bunhiacopski eho 6

a, b, c, x, !, z ta dttgc

at*by * cz 4'[e-+V-+7 .rW +7-W

*cz*ab*bclar
< ,{e:;zTp-T}z + sb +bc * u = {aaTFTV +
_l-(a2+b2+c2t
r1vi1o+b+c)2=1)
,

} - f;qor*r*zy - x[FW+sz

+ 1) -

1]

-; {TAFTV - 1)2. t

&la2+b2+c2<1)dpcm.
NhAn x6t. 1. Cric ban sau d6y cring ctf ldi
g-rei !-d! : Thrf,i Nguy6n : DQ.ng ltong Dang,

9A., Nha Trang, Tp. Thrii Nguy6n. Ph6 Tho. :

Tfd.n Thi Thu Hd'9d chuy6n Phong chdu.
PbSm Thi Thu HiEn 9A*r, chuy6n ViQt Trl. '
Vinh Phfc : NguyCn NgQb Quang,88, KiEu
Uiet Cuing, 98, chuydn Y6n Lqc ; Vu Mq.nh
Cuimg, Phg.m l{bng Phong, 9T, chuy6n Tam
PAo. HI NQi : Z Cudng, 9M, Marie Curie.
Nam Dinh :Ngl Qu6cHoitn, L0A, LuongThd
Vin!, V1r BAn. Thanh H6a z Nguydn Td.t
Tltd.ng,8TN, }/& Thl Phuong fhdq gTN, NK
Bim Son ; Hod.ng Trung Kian 9T, NK Nga Son,
Trd.n Thd Anh ;98, NK finh Gia ; Mai Thi
7h!2, 8T,'NK H{u LQc; L0 Kim Phuo.ng, 8CT,
NK Thdnh ph6. NghQ An z Tr{nh Qudc-T?ung,
9A, NK Quj'nh Lttu; Nguydn Xud.n Sd.ng, 98,,
NK Y6n Thdnh, Phan Vi1t Bdc, Phan Thanh
Trung, Nguydn Huy Vfi, Nguydn Dinh Qud.n,
9TA, Phan Bdi Chdu. Hi Tinh : NguyCn Dinh
Ditng,l8T, NK th! x6, Nguydn Vi6t Cuing,
Nguydn Cgng Khanh, 9T, Neng khidu tinh.
Qu,flng Binh : NguyCn Vd.n Binh,9T, NK I4
Thtiy, Hodng I:[6 Quong,9T, NK HAi Dlnh.

Thira Thi6n - Hud ; Nguydn Quang Vit,9l1,

Nguy6n Tri Phtrong. Di N6ng : Nguydn Phan
Xid.n Nguyn,9ll, Nguy6n Khuydn ; D6 Treng
Tud.n,9/1, NguySn HuQ. Qu6ng Ng6i z Trd.n
LA Qta6c Saz, 8T, Chuy6n LA Khidt ; Nguydrt
HAi Au, 9t, Nguydn Vd.n Khd.i, 9T, chuy6n
Nghia Hdnh. LAm Ddng : Phgm Nguydn
Th6.ng, 9T, chuy6n Th6ng Long, DDr LAt . Dak
LLk z Pham Thriy Hd.ng, Tg. Qw6c Hung, Phq.m
Lan Huong, Luong Thi Thanh Minh, 8?,
chuy6n Nguy6n Du, Lttu Minh Ngqc, 9T,
ehuy6n.Phan Chu Trinh, Bu6n M6 ThuQt, TP.
Hd Chi Minh : Khrtc Ngge Vinh,8/1, Hdng
Bing, Qu{n 5.
2. Cdcb4nDuong thd.nhAn,NgO Qudc Anh,

Thi Hit YAn,8 To6n,

Nguy6n Du, Bu6n MG ThuQt, Dak LEk da
ph6t bidu vi chting minh bdi to6n cho 2z sd nhtr
san : Cho n s6 d,uong al ,a2,...,an ud n.s6
X1 ,X2t ,,,sfrnth6a mdn
Hotr.ng Hd.i Thriy, Td.nS

a, * ar+ ... + dr: I

xl+xl+....

+fi:1

Chfing minh rd.ng

a1(xr*a2) *ar@z+o) *...*an(xn *or) <

16 NcuYBN

Bni T3/234. Gid.i bd.t phuong trinh :

?.x

_l_r

_!
x*L'(r+i)(2r+1) ""'

1996r

>1

(r + 1) (2n + t)... (199& + 1)

,l
(- i, - , ) ( ?). Cdn lrru 5i khi
vidtkho4ng (a;b) thio < b.

thuQc khoang

3) C6c ban cd ldi giei tdt hdn ld: Td.ng Th[

Hir. Yan, Tq, Qu6c Hung, Ngi Qudc Anh aing

ldp 8 To6n, chuy6n Nguy6n Du (Dic I'6re);

Trd.nVinhTrung, gS Ll TU Trgng (Tb}rVinh) ;
,Biti Bd. HunE,9A, trgng didm UOng Bi (Qurilng
Ninh) ; Nguydn Xud.n Hidu, 9A, chuy6n M6
Linh (Vinh Phfic) ; Hit. Thi Phuong Thd,o,
9TN, n6ng khi6u Bim Son (Thanh II6a) ;
Nguy Lo Giang, 88 nang khidu Nghla Din ;
Trd.n Hung Thdi, 8A Nang khidu Qulnh Luu
(NghC An) ; Hod.ng NguyQt Anh, 8T nang
khidu Hii Drrong (HAi Drrong) ;.Dod.n Phuong
Thdn,9 To6n, chuy6n Son TAy ;NguyCn Mqnh
Th&.ng, 8d chuy6n Thgch Thdt (I{A Tay);
Nguydn Phong Thicn,9Ar, HdnB Bnng (Hii
Phdng) ; Trd.n. Thd.ng Lang, Bili In No ctng
ldp 8C, He NOi - Anrsterdam (Hh NOi) ; Ds.ng
Thi Td Nhu,9 To6n, Nang khidu HAi Dinh,
D6ngHdi (QurAngBinh) ;Vuviet Titi, 9 To6n
vdHod.ng Tidn,gli cirngd N6ngkhidu HAiHflu
(Nam Dinh) ;Duong Hd,i ChAu,9, trqng didm
Pht Mi (Binh Dinh).
lErs6Nc NuAr
B,iLi T41234. Cho nila dudng trbn d.uitng
hinh BC ffan d6 c6 m.Qt di6m, Adi dQng. Gqi D
ld chdn dutmg cao AD crta tum. gid.c ABC uit M,
N ld.n. luqt ld. tb.m duitng trbn nQi tidp cdt tam
gidc AtsD, ACD. Chilng minh rdng dudng
uudng g6c udi MN hi til A luOn ludn di qua mQt
didm cd dinh.

Ldi giai : Ta cd :
h.x

(r + 1) (?n + 1) ... (hx + L)

(kx+1)-1
l) ... (kx + l)

(r + 1) (?n +

(r + 1) (?n +L)...t(e

NhAn x6t : 1) Tdt eA cd 166 ban grli ldi giai

v6, nhung c 6 27 bangiAi sai. Nhi6u ban da tdng
qu6t hcia bii torin vd eho ldi giAi ddng.
2) C<i ban cdn vidt sai ki hiQu, ch&ng han vidt

- 1)r + 1l

(r + 1) (?n +L)...(kx+l) v0ik

1,1996.

Ap dUng k6t qu6 tr6n, ttdc lrrgc c6c sd h4ng

thi bdt phuong trinh d6 cho tudng duong v6i :

-,-

(x+L)(2x + 1)...(1996 +L)

<+(r

-,
"'

1) (?n + 1) ... (199"e + 1) < 0

Gqi v6 trdi ld f(x) thi f(O la mQt da thrlc cri

1996 nghiQm

ldr = j-1
I,1990
"Oil =

X6t ddu cr0,a f(x) khi cho s ldn lugt di qua cric
nghi6m niy ta ui :

-1
f(x) < o * ,;\.

-1

r. *vdii

NghiQm cria bdt phuong

khoAng cho bdi kdt qu6 trn.

= 1,998

trinh gdm

998

Ldi giai : K6o ddi MN

c6t AB, AC ldn

lugt

tai K vd L.

Tt

thidtAN, DN, MD, MBld, cac dudng

ct&'a LACD vdABD ta suy ra
ADNA - LLDMB (See)
DN AD
ND MD,
gie

phdn giSc

*I,ID=BD (,h"YAr= BD)

LDEA
ra-^
LDMN ^_.---\\
Tt dd Dll4N-= DlJAJdy tit stdc MDBK nQi
ti6p. Suyra AKL: MDB = 45o. Suy TTANKL
:
WOAS c6n. Mi AH ld drrdng cao n6n KAH
g6e
phAn
BAC.
hay
AH
ld
LAH
$ae
Ydy AII di qua didm / ehinh gita cung BC
(kh6ng chrla A), titc AH di qua rnQt didm c6
Suv
.

dinh.

Nh$n x6t. GiAi tdt be"i ndy cti cle bqn :

Quing Ninh : Nguydn Thi Thu.FI&, 9A

Trgng didm Cdm PhA, Bil 86 HtJng, 9A Trgng

didm U6ng Bi, Thdi Nguy6n z Miri Nguyan
Ding, 8 Chuy6n THCS Nnng khidu, Hda
Binh : I-d.nt Vidt Hoan, PTTH Hoing Van
Thr.r ; Ph{r Thq : Phgm Hd, Trung,9A supe
Ltm Thao, Bir.i Nguydn Thg, 9A, chuy6n Phong
ChAu, Nguydn Vi$t Phuorug, 9B ehuy6n Tarn
Thanh, Pltfurn Thi Thu Hibn,9A", chuy6n ViQt
Tri ; Vinh Ph6c z Trl.ru Vd.n Nant, 9T
chuy6nTam Ddo, Kibu Viet Cuimg, Nguydn
Anh Trt,98 chuy6n Y6n Lpc, Nguydn Xu&.n
Hidu, 9A, chuyOn M6 tinh, Trd.n tri Huy, 9A
chuyGn Vinh Tudng ; B6c Giang : Din Nggc
Minh,gT, NK Ydn Dffng ; B6c Ninh : Truang
Thi Tha,o, 9, NK, Ti6n Son, Nguydn Nhu
Chudn, 9NK ThuQn Thinh ; ttr6i Drrong:
Pham Vd.n,Kian,gTt, NK HAi Duong ; H}r
Tfly : Do6n Phuong ThAo, 9T chuy6n Son Tdy,
Nguy1n Manh Th.d.ng, BA chuy6n Th4ch Thdt,
Dq.tug Thi Mai, 9 chuyGn Chuong Mi, D6 Thanh
HiAn, TA to6_n Thrrdng Tin, Nguydn Hdi Hd,
98 chuy6n Ung Hba ; Hni Phbng: Nguydn
Vd.n T'idn, THCS Vinh Quang, Vinh BAo ; Hlr
NQi : ZC Cu?mg,9M Marie Curie, Nguydn Drtc
Tidn,9A, Chu VEn An, Nguydn Hoirng Minh,
8C Ha NOi - Amsterdam, LA W$ Cudng, 8A1
Nguy6n Trrrdng TO ; Nam Dinh : NguydnVd.n
Trung, Nguydn Trgng KiAn, Biti Trgng Kibu
9T, Nguydn COng Ttud.n, D6 Minh Tidn, Phgm
Dinh Qudc Hung, Nguydn Khd.nh An,8T Trdn
DEng Ninh, Trd.n Drtc HiQu, ST Hdn Thuy6n,
Nguyn Tidn Dqt, gCT Nguy6n Hi6n, Nam
Ninh, Hd. Trung HQ.u, 7,49 YGn Ttn, NguyCn
Tltd.n Anh, 8T chuy6n Y Yen, Vil Vi$ Tdi,9
To6n, Hod,n Ti6n I Li Hei }Jgu, Biri Hoitng
Hia.p, I H6a, chuyEn Xudn Thfiy ; NghQ An :
Trlnh Qwdc Chung, 9A NK Quinh Luu ; Hi
T{nh: Nguydn Vd;n San,'9 Li Nang Khidu ;
Qu,f,ng Binh : Dq.ng Thi Td Nhu, 9T, HAi
Dinh, Ddng Hdi ; Thira Thi6n - Hud : NguyCn
Quang Vtt, 9lL Nguy6n Tri Phuong ; Di
NEng: Nguydn Phan Xud.n Nguyan, 9lt
Nguy6n Khuydn ; Dd Tlqng Tud.n,9/2 Nguy6n
HuO ; Binh Dinh ;PhanThanhGid.n,SAtlda
Th6ng, Tuy Phu6c ; Quang Ngei i Vo Thi
Thanh Hudng, 9T Le Khi6t, Nguydn Nhfut Anh,

9T chuyOn Nguy6n Nghi6m ; Drie Phd ; Phf

YGn : Phan-Lang Yatr Anh,9A Lrrong Van
Ch6nh, Tuy IIda ; Khdnh Hba : Trd.n Tb'dn
Anh, gT LO Quj D6n ; Ddc L6c z Mai Anh
Tfu.d.n, 9 Chuy6n Nguy6n Dn, DQng Trung
Thd.nh,8T chuydn Nguy6n Du ; Ddng Nai :
Nguydn Trd.n Nann, gT Nguy6n Binh Khi6m,
Bi6n Hba ; IICM : Chung Nhd'n Phti,9Tt
Nguy6n An Khrrong ; An Giang : Hod,ng
Thanhld,m, 9T, chuy6n Tho4iNggcHdu, Long
Xuy6n ; Vinh tong z L Nguydn Thrty TiAn,
9TX. chuyOn Nguydn Binh Khi6m ; Tr} Vinh:
Trb.nVinhTrung, gS Li TU Trgng; Bgc Li6u :
Luong Thd Nhd.n,8A chuy6n Bac Li6u ; Cb
N,Iau : Nguydn Nggc Hd.9A1, Ddea Doi.
vIJ KIM THUY

EAi T5/234. Cho tam. gid'c ABC u6i d.im M

trong. Chtng minh rd.ng :
MA.BC +MB "CA+MC.AB <
< ZbIa.x{AB . AC, BC . BA, CA. CBI .
Ldi giai : Ggi A, ,}1, C1ld. cdc giao didm

d bn

tuongrlngcriacdctiaAM, BM, CM vGic6c canh

tsC, CA, AB. Vl M d b6n trong &ABC n6n tia
AM nim gitta hai tia AB, AQ suy ra A, nim
giita hai didm B, C. H+ dtrdng cao AH, kh6ng
lirn mdt t{nh tdng qu6t, giA stt A-B >- AC, ta c6
BI{ > C}f n6n gqi B' li didm ddi xfng v6i B qua
H, ta cd do4n BB' chrla dogn BC. Ma A, nim
g1(taB, C n6nA, nim giira B, B', suy raArH <

BHhayAAt < AB = max {AB,ACl. Suyra

AAI.BC < mrx {AB, AC}.BC : max {AB.BC,
AC:BC| <.max{AB. AC, BC.BA, CA.CB}

DAt M = ma:r{AB.A

BC.BA" CA-CB},ta cd

MA
M.Trong
MA'BC=AqAa,.BC.#
!
AAI
MB MC
MC
.43 . cc,M
tq,MB . CA <
,
C*
M[t
diQn
diQn

khr4c, daM 6b6n trong LABC n6n tdng

tich c6c tam g76cMAB, MBC, MCAbdrllg
tich AABC, suy ra
,MAt MBt MCt

AAl'BBt'CCt
-r-.L--

C,

I
_r_
clo

va

MAr- MB-LMC 1 _ MAIJ-7

MBI
- BBt_+

AAt'BBr'CCt-' AAl '4

MC,t-a-r+t
'r- - CCr= 3'2 = 1. V4y:
MA"BC + MB.CA + MA.BC < 2

vayP

Ddu bing d4t dugc khi n

max

I{h&n xdt. Cd 50 ban gi6i bif niy vi ddu gi&i

dtng. Ldi giei tdt gdrn cti :
Nam Dinh : Hodng Ti6n, .Li I NK HAi
IJtu ; Vu Vidt Tdi, 9To6n NK HAi H4u ; Nguydn
Kh.anh. An, 8 Todn, Trdn Dang Ninh, Tp Nam
Dinh. Vinh Long : Nguydnllodng Qud.n, 9T2,
PTTH Chuy6n Nguy6n Binh Khi6m. Thanl
ftr6a : Trd.n Hod.ng Thd.ng,9T PTTH Lam Son
Tp Thanh Hda. Tp Hd Chi Minh :KhrtcNgqc
Vinh,8L1, PTCS H6ng Bing. NShQ An: Phan
Thanh Trung, gTA PTCS Phan B6i Chiu ;
Phan Huy Hoitng, 9 To6n, PTCS Phan BQi
Chdu ; Hit. Van Dq.t I Torin PTCS Phan Bdi
ChAu. Khdnh Hda : Dd Thi Di ThiAn,9 To6n,
Le Quf DOn, Tp Nha Tlang. Hda Biin}n: Ld.nt
Vidt Hoan, 10CT Hoing Van Thq. Ddng Nai :
Phgm N gqc Huy, 9T l.[guy6n Binh Khi6m, Bi6n
Hda. Vinh Long : Td.ng M5, Thda, 9T1,
Nguy6n Binh Khi6m. HA NQi : LaVi$t Cuang,
8A,, Neur6n Trtrdng T0, Q. Ddng Da ; Bili Duy
'Hibn, 8C, PTTH Ha NOi Amsterdam.
DANGVI6N

Bei T6/234. Xt cd.c sd a, b, x, y thda md.n

dibu kiQn

VfyminP=

"-

4,

1d0.

: -f.("
l!)
5(n+2)

(1)

(2)

: (crla da sd crie ban).

giA thi6t (1), suy ra

*2b 5c
tx+Z *i=0

2a

*-12
*v *fr"y

(3)

Xdt hdm s6

f(x) = n

a2 +b2

2a . -r1
,,r)
-b
- zx *
sinn I zN +2
; +Ucodt
o^

+fsin3r -ccoszx
Nhfn x6t rhng f(x) ln him sd x6c d!nh, li6n
vi cd d4o hdm tr6n (-oo, *o).
f (x) : 2asiitll * lxcosx * 2bco* + lxsinn +

tuc
25

* Zcsi*xcosx * ?.ccosxsinx

= sin2x(a.sinnx * bco{x * csin^x * c)

Theo Dlnh ll Lagrange, tdn t4i

2x+,11x,7x
=;*Z+2.-2
* z= I oa"bing khi r = 2

2 +i27
2
7.3
*OJ'- r\ f2
'9
Or.i +--

y +v = sv

4711
=; *E = T.Ddubengkhiy

a=

Ldi giai

Ddubingkhi:o=4,b=3

3,

Chilng rninh riirng phuong trinh

- asinnx *bcodtx *csinx *c =
c6 nghiQm, trong h,hod.ng (O ,Z)

Tt

Tac6a(a-b) <4(a-b)
b(a+b)<7b
4
-d+b2 4a * 3b = a+3(a+b) < 4*3.7 :

vi

Blifi,T71234. Chb can s6 thqc a, b, c ud. sd

n > O th6a md,n hQ thrtc

ruguyAn

Ung Hba, Hn Tay).

J--7.2 - 1
' 4 -L

49

_ Ldi giai : (cria ban Nguy6n Thanh Son, 9b

L4i ctf

2,

DANG HUNG TIIANG

Tlm gi6 tri nh6 nhd.t crta

P_

Nh$n x6t : Cde b4n giAi t6t bai ndy li : L

Xud.n Ld.m. 12A Hoing H<ia - Thanh H6a,
Nguydn Dd.ng Tridru 12T Cao L6nh, Ddng
Th6p, Nguydn Mai Trt Trung,10A Qu6c Hgc.
Quy Nhon,Ng6 Tud.ruAnh IIDHTH HA NQi,
Nguydn Timg Ld.m, 11A PTTH L6 Quf D6n,
DBr NEng,Nguydn Kin,10A, YOn Bdi,Truorug
Vinh Ld.n 11CT Trung hgc NK Qu6ng Binh,
D! Quang Duong,10T HoBng Vdn Thu, Hda
Binh, Nguydn Kim Thd.ng, 9I-: Trdn Phf, Hai
Phdng, Trd,n Dg.i Nghia, 10 PTNK rIAi
Duong, Bili Mq.nh Hilng,10A DHTH Hi NQi,
Vu Mq,nh Hilng 11T Hirng Vrrong, Phf !h9 ;
VO S! Nam, 10A, Minh Khai-; IIlr Tinh,
NguydnThdDuy, 10A, LAQuyD-On, Di I5"g.

0<b<a<4
a*b <7
2<r<3<y
2x

r'-*=i*

b=3.

{AB.AC, BC.BA, CA.CBT

11_

(o

(4)

ro

,t) sao cho

f (") -f(o) = 1fi - o) r:o.)
Suy ra

11

t2f'(*o7 =

2a * 2c* 2b c
+2
, f,J 2'r -

t.

*2b r--0(theo(3)).
5c
'3
n*2
M?t kh6csin2r., * 0 (do 0 . ro .
rrO, t,f
f, )
2a

(4) ta nh4n drroc

f(x)

= 0 *-asinJtx,

bco*x, * csirwo * c = 0
(dpcm).

Nhan x6t. Hdu hdt c5c ban grli ldi giAi ddu
c6 c6,ct' giai tudng t1r nhu tr6n. MOt sd it c6c ban
edn stt dung c6e tinh ehdt c\Ie t4 crla him s6

Th6ng. Qunng Binh : Tntong Vinh LAn,

Ph4m Hdng Thrii, Trdn Drlc ThuAn. Thila
Thi6n - Hu6: Phgm Ti6n D4t, Nguy6n Nggc
Phric, Dinh Trung Hodng. Ph6 Thq : Nguy6n
Kim Sd. BEc Giang: D4ngHoAngVi6t Ha, Vli
Duy Tudn. Hii Duong: Trdn Dai Nghla. TP
HCM : Nguy6n LQ L1tc, LG Quang N6m.
Qunng Ngii : Nguy6n Xu6n H&. Hir TAy:
Nguy6n Trung Thdnh. H6i Phdng : Dodn

ManhHi

NGU'ENVANMa'
Bari T8i234 . Xon dinh m. dd gid.
crta hdm s6 :
f{x, y, z)
ld,

tri nh6 nhd.t

= (x - y * mz I 112+ 7x + (m + 1)y* 2z * zl2 + [2x t 2y * (m 4)z + 1]2

l6n nhd.t.

Ldi grai

(cria nhi6u ban) : D6 thdy

y,
f(x, z) > 0Yx, y, z .B vi ddu'=n dat dttoc
khi vd chi khi

trinh

(x,

y, z) ld nghiQm crla

hQ

phrrong

[*-y*mz*7=0
]r+(m +l)y-22*2:0

l2x+2y+(m-4)z*1=0

X6t heID, ta cd :

(I)

.=]tr + (m + 1)y -

2z

12

Nhrr v{y, n6u m e {0, -2} thi min f(x, y, z)

= 0. (1)
o Xdt m = -2. Khi dri :

f(x,y,z)=@-:y-22+42+
+ (x -y -22 +42 + Qn +2y -

lugng girnc dd giei bai to6n niy.

Cric ban sau ddy cd ldi giAi t6t.
Dh NSng : Biri Vidt Phing, Nguy6n Duy, L6
Tri6u Pho"ng, Ngd Qu6c Tudn, Fhan Anh Huy,
NgO Nggc Phric, Hd Le Vidt Trung, Nguy6n
HoAng Minh ?udn, Hd Vfl Qudc Vttong.

Thanh H6a : Trrrong Ngoc Tuy6n, Hdn

Ven Thing Ld XuAn Ldm, Truong Cao D,ing,
Nguy6n Van Quang, L6 Drlc Th4ch.
D6'ng Th6p : Nguy6n Ddng Tridn, H6 Ldc
Thudn. NShg An : Nguy6n Trdn Phtrong,
Ddng Drlc H4nh, Nguy6n Vdn TEng Hodng
Minh HAi, Nguy6n Duy Trung, L6 Hdng Hi,
Nguy6n Thinh. Dek Lek: TnrongXuAn Nguu,
LO Thd Tdn, Nguy6n Tudn Anh. Phr1 YGn:
DEng Th6My. Trar Vinh : Hulnh Th6Khanh.
IIA NOi : Ng6 Tudn Anh, Nguy6n Drlc M4nh,
L6 HoAi Phrrong, Nguy6n DoEn Tdn, Dinh Cao

l*-y*mz*7=0

: 0 (1)
l2x+2y+(m-4)z+1=0 (2)
Suy ra : H0 (I) c<i nghiQm <=+HO (1) - (2) ed
nghiQm +m (m+2) + A** 4 {0, -2y.
(I)

6z + l)2

=;tP

+(-1)2 +o2l[@-y -22 + 12 +

+ (, -y -22 +42 + Qs +2y - 62 + I)21

>

1^1

r.(-\'

Iron ntta,
m

= 2'
ca

f (-t , l,o)

i. tw

ra, ndu

-Zthi min f(x, y, z) :', ,r,

rX6tm=O.Khid<i:
ftx,y, z) = (x- y+lf *(x*y-2212)2+(N+zy
-

4z

* D' = llfl

+ t2 +

t ;)lttt+t)2 +

- 2z + qz + Qn + 2y 4 ,3,2 :E'
92

+@+y

4z +

\2)

's'\il

Hdn nira, .6

f (* , # , \

= othi min ftx, y, z) = |. trl

Tt (1), (2), (3) suy ra : gi6 tri

|. sry "., ,d,.,

nho :rhdt cria

f !, ldl6n nhdt khi vi chi khi nz = 0.

Nh4n x6t : Cd nhi6u b4n tham gia giAi bai.
Trong sd cric ldi giai md tda so4n nh{n dugc chi
c<i 3 ldi giAi sai. Cac bpn sau dAy cd ldi giAi tdt :
Dek Lek: Truong Xud.n Nghiu (10 CT PTTH Nguy6n Du) Trh Vinh : Trh.n Huynh
Thd Khanh (12A1 - PTTH Ph4m Th6i Buong).
Qunng Nam_: Nguydn Phxdc Hie.p (12\ THCB Nguy6n Duy HiQu - DiQn Ban). Dh
NEng : Nguydn Nggc Hd.i, Phan Anh Huy
(PTTH La Qui Don). tlud : Trd.n Nhu Quang
(10CT Qudc hoc HuO. Quihg Ng6i : Nguydn
Xtdn Hd. NguydnNggc Phrtc $2H,l2I PTTH
sd 1 Drlc Phd). Quing ninh : Nguydn Hoa,
Trdn Drtc ThuQn (10T1, llCT PTNK Qu6ng
Binh). NghQ An: NguyQnVdn Luong, Nguydn
Thinh, DQ.ng Dtc Hqnh (10TL, 11T PTTH
Phan BQi Cheu), Thanh II6a: Hod.ng Trung
Tuydn (PTTH Hi Trung), La Drtc Thinh (12A
PTTH Quing Xrrong TII), Truong Nggc Tuyn
(11A1 PTTH CB Ba Dlnh - Nga Son), La Xud.n
In;nx (IZAPTTII Luong Drlc Bing Hoing Hda),
(x,

z)

Phan Xud.n Thd.nh (10T PTTH Lam Son).

Nam Dinh : Nguydn Trgng Kieru (9T - THCS
Trdn D5ngNinh). HEr NQi : Nguydn DtcMg.nlt
(11A PTTH Cd Loa, D6ng Anh). [Ida Binh:
D6 Quang Duong,IIit.Khd.nhTod.n (10T, 1lCT
PTNK Hodng Van ThU). finh Phir : Nguydn
Kim Sd (11APTTH Thanh Ba);NguydnMinh
Phuong, D6 QwdcGia(ltA+ l0APTTH Chuy6n
HirngVuong). Y6n B6i : D6 NEng Ting (11A1
PTTH Chuydn Y6n B6i), Hii Duong : Phq.m
Van Hd.i (11T PTNKtinh). Hii Phbng : DQng
AnhTud.n, Hir.Duy Hung (ltT,12 Chuy6n Tin
PTTH Trdn Phri). DHSP Vinh : I{odng Minh
Hd.i, Nguydn Duy Trung, Hb Sy Ngqc, Nguydn
Trdn Phuong, Nguydn Van Td.ng (Khdi PTCT).
DHQG TP Hd Chi Minh : Nguydn La Lqc, La
Quang Nd.nz (TrudngPTNK). DHQG H} NQi :
Nguydn Mq.nh Hd' Bir.i Mqnh Hir.ng, Phq.nl Hd.i
Trung (Kh6i PTCT - Tin DHKHTN)
Nci;veN KH.{c MrNH
BAi Tgl234. Ching minh rdng ndu dQ dd.i
cd.c cqnh o., b, c uit. cd.c bd.n hinh r, R crta cdn
duimg tritn nQi, ngogi tidp rnQt ta.m gid.c thila
md.n hQ thtTo'sau dd,y

a3 - bt _2(aib *c)2 . \,*,/

"'
9R '
br*cR' cr*aR' aribR-

Ddu d&ng thrlc d (6) dat drtgc, vd dq dd h6

thrtc (*) drrgc th6a mdn khi vd chi khi cac d&ng
thrlc d crie h0 thrlc (4), (5) vn (6) ddng thdi xAy
ra, nghia li:

)Y ,rx
a'-=D--

xy

,'t z

'tl

(*).* vz
)x.= a'-)z
c'-

zx
lbc +ca = o2 162 1"2
R=2r
a,b

r'

* cd, = a2 + b2 I
lx Lv _1z
<+i1=

lat

Uc

la b
ln =

z,

.=d - b = c vd do dci, tam

Th{t vdy, tt (7) ta dugc :

"2

*a

=b=

(7)
(8)

giSc ln d6u.

brlcR cr*aR ar*bR

=---;-=Il*r
a
hay li
[o(R+r) - (br+cn) = (a-b)r + (a-c)R=0
cr+aR-t(R+r) : (c-b)r + (a4)R=0
:

.f

(7')

= (a-c)r +(b-c)R=0
lor+bB--c(R+r)
' Do a, b vdc c6 vai trb binh d&ng, n6n dd drroc
thi tam giar d6ltt. dbu.
Lbi giAi : (DUa theo Bir.i Minh Thi|n, LzB, dinhf, gi6 sr1 o > b > c.CQng vdd6i vdcic ding
PTTH chuy6n Tln Vinh)
thitc (7'), ta dttgc :
(7")
D4t:r =br*cR,! = cr*aRvd,z = ar*bR,
2 @-b) r+2 (a- c) R = 0
thdthivdtrriicria(*)drrocvi6tlaidudid4ng: Nhrrng a-b > 0vio-c > 0n6n (7,,)xhy
(1) rakhivi-chikhio-b = 0 = a-c,nghiald.a=
*f *{
f

=dX

Ta dtrgc

O=C.

at *by
vd:

+ cz

(bc

* ca+ ab) (R + r) ;

(ax+by+cz)r = at + b4 + c4 + ab

(2)

(,r,; * u, i)

, ^z ^v. +ca , ^x *at^2,

*bc (b2+c'2"-\
I c:t-xl\ :
zl
\ y
\ e

(3)

Cbn hQ thrlc (5) drrgc suy ra tr] h thtlc {le :

AI2 = R2 - 2Rr. Do dti : (8) c=rfi (R - 2r) = Q e=+
AI = O <+O = /<+Tam giSc ld d6u.

-*l-#?H;'-:l ffi S;T"-ffil?r::"%

tr6nS00bei.Rdtd6ngti6ccdrnQtb4ndegi6i
sai vi k6t lufn ring tam giric th6a m6n (*) ld

4# * "i.ffil:ffHl}

Ap dung bdt d&ng thtlc c6si

,
l, "?*"r-n phtu $L duns
(a > 0, p > 0) vi.o c6c vdph6i ctia (2iva (3), ta bdt ding thfc Bunhiacdpski, ho{c huy dQng c6
bdt ding thrlc Sv6cxo nfia dd ihu dugc (4) :
il.ro"
'''
1-62 q
a4 6a c4 62 .l-62 q"2f
1a2 +b2 +c212
T>
2
"2
:::
"2
B *r -2
*x by cz a.x, + oy + cz
@clca +ob)(R +r)
(a +b + c\2
(a2 +bz + cz)z
\ :-------------aI i\

3(R

R > Zrhay : r < ; {S>

!
(4) va (5), ta dugc:

MAt khac,
Do dd,

tt

=6

+r)

tal4i

T>

cri

2(a +b + c)2

thl ldi giAi tr6n cria b4n ThiQn chi srl dgng
B.D.T. COsi cho hai s6 drrong cflng dri dd thu
dugc B.D.T (7) mQt c6ch ggn gdng vi nhanh
chring.

(6)

30) Hdu hdl6cb4n d6 gi&i do vQi ving, chi

dd y ddrr ddu ding thrlc d cdc hQ thrlc (5), (6) vn

* b2 + c2 ) bc * ca * ab. Cric b4n qu6n

ring ddu ding thrtc dat drroc 6 hQ thrlc (4) (khi
sfi dung B.D.T. Bunhiac6pski hay B.D.T.
h6 thrlc o2

Svricxo) khi Va chi khi c6 cilc ding thrlc (7). Chi

cri duy nhdt bandng Qudc Vy (tdp 10Ar, trudng
Le Quf DOn, D&. N6ng) d6 dua ra chrlhg minh
chat cho (7) oa : b : c nhrf de chi ra d tr6n.
Trong ldi gi6i cta bqn Tiri6n cong cci n6u /a c6c
di6u ki6n (7) ve (8) li cdn vd dtr dd (x) th6a man
nhtrng kh6ng dua ra dugc chrlng minh nhrr ban

Vy. C6e bgn sau ddy ctng chi ra cac di6u

kiQn dti

Trd.n Td.n Nant, 9T, Tani D6o, Vinh Ph(rc,

Phqm Hod.ng Vinh, l1A" Trn Vinh ; Nguydn

Bdo DiEn., 11 Anh, Mi Tho, Ti6n Giang,

Nguydn Ngqc Tod.n, LzAr thi xd Ch MAu,
Phqm Vdn Hd.i 1 1T PTNK Hii Hung, I,{guydn
Viruh Trir,11A, TH chuy6n Trh Vinh, Nguydn
Ngoc Kian 10At PTTH Phi Ninh, Phd Thg,
L Quang Tdn,l0A1, Y6n Hba, H}r N6i, ?rdn
Tud.n Anh,gT, Le Quy DOn Nha Trang Kh6nh
Hda, La llbng Phuong,llAo Chau Phong, M6
Linh, Vinh Pht1 ; Nguydn MQu Ti, 10A PTTH
Vdn NQi, HAr NQi ;Tdng Thd,nhvil,9B PTNK
Ttnh Gia, Thanh H6a.
4") Ngoii ra, ban Biti Manh Hitng, tlA,,
DHKHTN - DHQG HA NQi de dd xudt vd gi6i
bdi to6n tdng qurit hon : Chtlng rninh B.D.T.

ak,bk&
+_
+_
:__
>
bilr * ctR ctr * dtR anr *bnR -nR

Bni Tl0/234. Cho m,Qt g6c tant diQn u6i cdr

g6c ph&ng d .dinh (met) ktu6ng phdi td. g6c
uu6ng. Qua d.inh ta dqng ba d.uitng th&ng, m6i
dudng uuOng g6c u6i m6t canh ud. nd.m trong
mQt phd.ng chrta md.t ddi diQn u6i canh d.6.
Chilng m.inh rd.ng cd.c duimg th&ng dgng duoc
cing nd,m trong mQt met ph&ng.
Ldi giai 1. (DUa theo Nguydn Trung Kin,
1142, PTTH LQ Thrly, Quing Binh). Gii srt
g<5c tam di6n O(abc) 6 c6cmdt bOc
= d, aoa
aOb
khdng
ph6i
g<ic
li
vu6ng.
Goi
=- f ."n
=7
i,f,vecla cac v6cto don d tr6n 6c e4ih Oa,
Ob vd Oc vi dQt : )t = 6E (= cosa), p = ff(=
cosp), z = ff(= cosy). (Theo gie thidt thl )t, p
viy d6u ;t 0).
c), (cOa) vn (oob)

tt

dinh Q ta-d1tng c6c vdctd : ?=tf,-ri

f = v7- )r7vai- = )'i- pfidn lugt nim tr6n
8

3 +f +?:d
ff =6F: c7= O

ld.

Oa', Ob' vd
(i)

(11)

thrlc (i) chting tb cdc drrdng thbng Oa',

Ob' vb, Oc' ddng thing ; cbn uic he thric (ii)
chfng t6 Oa', Ob' vd Oc'theo thrl t{ vu6ng gdc
vdi er4c c1nh Oa, Ob vd Oc cr&,a gdc tam diQn.
Nhu v{y, cr{c dudng thing Oa', Ob' vd. Oc' (c6
cdevlctd chi phriongT, 6'va /(theo cdch drlng
de chi ra d tr6n) dung duoc th6a m6n bdi to6n
li ba dridng thing d6ng ph&ng.
Sau ddy ld ldi giai kh6c, cring st dgng
phuong ph6p v6cto nhtrng c<i phdn t{ nhi6n
HQ

hon,

Ldi giAi 2. (Nguydn Minh Phuong, 114,

PTTH chuy6n Hing Vtrong Pht Thq vi mdt
s6 b4n kh6c). Goi Oa', Ob' vd, Oc'ld. ba dudng
th&ng ldn lrrgt nim tr6n cric m{t phing 6Oc,
cOavd"aOb sao cho vu6nggrfc vdiOa, Ob vd,Oc.
TrGn cric dudng thin gOa', Ob', Oc'ldn ltrgt ldy
cdc v6cta chi phuong 3 = f,+ zl f = ?+ xd
7 = i+ y6iTr) cric didu kiQn d = 67 = d, ta
drtOc:

cosytzcosp = cosq,*xcosy - cos?*y cosa = 0

Tr) dd ta thu dugc he thrlc :
+f cosy = 7"oro =d
, ?cosp
Nd c$rlng t6 c6c dudng thbngOa', Ob'vd.Oc'

(phuong ph6p tdng hop).

Tuy nhi6n, chrlng minh cria bqn Hirng chtra

chat che phdn cu6i.
NcuyEN oANc pHAr

@O

Ngoni phrrong phdp v6cto, ed thd giei bai

to6n tr6n blng phrrong phrnp th6ng thrrdng

(v6iftvdzeN*;h>n)

Tr6n crie met phihs

thing md ta ki hi6u

Oc', Th6 thi ta duoc

ddng ph&ng.

2(a+b *c\k-n'
3k

cric drrdng

_ L,di giai 3. (Nguydn Phudc HiQp, 12L2,

THCB DiQn Bdrn, Quing Nam vi mQt s6 ba:n
kh6c). Ta cdn chrlng minh Oo', Ob' vd Oc'
(d1tng duoc th6a m6n di6u kiQn cria bii torin)
ddng phing. N6u chring ctrng nim trong m6t
met ph&ng (o) nao dd, ta hdy e6t gdc tam di6n
O(a,bc) b&ngmQt met ph&ng (n) ll @); giA srl (n)
6t Oa, Ob vh.Oc ldn luot 6{ B vd C vi ta dtrgc :
BQ ll Oa', CA ll Ob', AB ll Oc'
Tt

dd suy

ra:

Oa'Oa

ob' ob

Oc'Oc
lOo' , Ob'uir Oc'dbng phang

[nC'ol,

+oABCLd mQt trl diQn truc tem.

ln ZZ/o
[z(ABC)

Bii toSn quy v6 dgng mQt trl diQn tr{e tdm

OABC c6 cdc dlnhA Oa, B e Ob vdC e Oe,
Ching han, fdy mQt didm A fi6n Oa (A * 0) . C6
thd d6 ddng chrlng mirth rlng tim dugc duy
nhdt mQt didm B tr6n Ob

vi

mQt didm C tr6n

B}riLZlL}4" Cho mqch d,iQn nhu hinh

9o =W;1 = [0,5Q -2Q]

OB (hay chrlng
minh di6u dd), Thd thl OABC ln mQt trl diQn
trge tam (cric dudng cao ddng quy) vd do d<i BC
t OA. (d pcm),
Nhfn x6t. 10) C<i nhi6u b4n tham gla grai
bii to6n tr6n vi da sd sir dung ph,uong ph6p
v6cto. Di6u dd chrlng t6 cd.c b4n dE stt dgng
tudng d6i thinh th4o phrrong phep v6ctd (e6e
ph6p to6n tuydn tinh cring nhrr ph6p nhAn.v6
hudng) vio viQc chrlng minh quan hO ddng
phing c:0laeiedudng th&ng. Tuy nhi6n, ldi giAi
cira nhi6u b4n chrra dtrgc ggn, thubng dni ddng
Oc sao cho

AB

OC vd AC

ua.

Et=8Virt=2{2

8r=Rz=&=4Q
q=[0,5Q-1Q].

vi thidu s6ng stra.

2") 56 ban giAi

bii

to6n tr6n bing phtlong

phrip tdng hop kh6ng nhi6u, tuy nhi6n chtra chi

ra dudc th{c chdt cria bii to6n niy ld mQt bni

to5n dgng hinh,

1. Kh6'a K, md, Kz Ks d6ng.
Hd.y chqn r ud. d,ibu chinh 4 dd cdng sud.t

NGUYEN OANC PTTAT

PidiLLlz}4.MQt thanh dbng chd.t chi\ud.d.i

2l dQt ngh,i4ng so u6i phuong ndm ngang mQt
g6c y roi hh6ng qu@y tit dQ ca.o ndn d6 so u6i
mQt bir.n nd.m

trn R,min.

Kl, K2rn6. Tim cuang d0 dbng

Rp R2udi cdr gid. tri r, Rr.d cd.u 7.
2.

ngang uit.

ua
chq.m uoi mgt

5if.",:t*lftr

bitn. Va cham
dugc coi ld
d,an

nol. l

dd sau

UAB=

g6c

quqlngaysau

khi ua chqm

vl

udi bitn.

Hu6ng d6n giai.

V{n tdc khdi tim cta thanh khi b6t ddu va
cham vdi mtrt bin u, = ,[i$8. Goi u li v{n t6c
khdi tim vi a,l ti vdn t6c g<ic quay ngay sau khi

li

ddn hdi, 6p dung dinh luft

vi bAo todn m6rnen xung
lugng d6i v6i didm A' (di6'm ch4m ctra thanh
va c?m, vi va cham

b6o todn n6ng lttong

,.
* *rr, trongdd I=; ml2 (ripdgng

dinh li Staine)
vd,tnluowsg = nllucosp

Tt
u

m12
*?,

dd suy ra

3<os2g-7

- :
"9co*g*1 va@

u^

2uo Sri,sg
--=-.
t -_=Saszp*1

Nhan -;-x6t. B4n cd ldi gi6i drflng : Nguydn

Vd.n Thuh.n, 128 PTTH Nang khiSu NgO Si
Li6n' B6c

n, khi dd mpch diQn cd so

Giang'

c6ng sudt ti6u thg tr6n R,

li

u%

(2).

Tt (1) vd (3) rr0t ra : v6i ctng mQt gi6 tri cria

8t.rt nh6 nhdt khi UAB nh6 nhdt, mi UAB nh6
nhdt khi r = 2{l (ldy d4o hnm UAB theo r vd
676R,

cho

bing 0). Vdi r =

- ---+ 4)r
-.
' = (54

2{2, P,

Kh6o

s1t bi6n thi6n cfia P, cho thdy P, dat crrc tidu

khi At = 0,5Q, b) Vo lei m4ch diQn, khi dd mqch
cti so dd :
t@1llR,)nt(ry ll R)l llR3llEo. Ap dsns

s6t

dinh luQt 0m cho do4n m4ch sE rrit ra

IRl =

IR2='* o,2lA

Nhgn x6t. Cric em cd ldi giai d(ng : Nguydn

Trung Dil.ng,9 Ll, Trudng Trdn DEng Ninh,
Nam Dinh ;NguydnVd,n Thud,n, LZB, PTTH
NEng khidu NeO Si Li6n, Bic Giang ; Trd.n.
Huynh Thd Khanh, 12Ar PTTH Ph4m Thr{i
Budng,

MAr ANH

(1)

1_7 _7 _7
r rl'R'R,

P,:

v6i m{t bBrn) ta cri

u2o=u2

qua

EollFrllP3llR,' Tacd
Eo El
_+r 11

tnx

ufun tdc cila

h,h6i td.m uit.

uAn 6c

d,iQn

Tri Vinh.

AI ANH

h thttc a2 +b2 + c2 > bc t ca * ab. Cric ban qu6n

ring ddu ding thilc d4t drroc d hQ thfc (4) (khi

stt dung B.D.T. Bunhiacdpski hay B.D.T.

Svrlcxo) khi Ve cni mri c6 dcding thrlc (7). Chi

duy nhdt bandrug Qudc Vy (ldp 10Ar, trudng

Le Quy DOn, D& N6ng) d6 dua ra chrlng minh
chit ch6 (7) ea = 6 : c nhr.t da chi ra d tr6n.
Trong ldi gi6i cta bqn Thi6n cfrng cci n6u y'a cric
di6u ki6n (? ve (8) ld cdn vd drl dd (*) th6a man
nhrrng kh6ng dua ra dttgc chrlng minh nhrl ban
Vf. C6c ban sau d6y cflng chi ra cac di6u
ki6n dd :
Trd.n Td.n Nam., 9T, Tani DAo, Vinh Phfc,
Phqm Hoitng Vinh, llAo Trh Vinh ; Nguydn
Bd,o Dibn, 11 Anh, Mi Tho, Ti6n Giang,
c<i

Nguydn Ngec Tod.n, LzAr th! xe Ch MAu,

Pham Vdn Hd.i 1 1T PTNK Hii Hung, Nguydn
Vinh Trir,11A, TH chuyOn Tri Vinh, Nguydn
Nggc KiAn 10Al PTTH Phi Ninh, Phri Thg,
L Quang Tdn,l0A1, Y6n Hba, Hh NQi, ?rdz
Tudru Anh,gT, LC Quy DOn Nha TrangKhdnh
lJita, La llbog Phuong,llAn Chau Phong, M6
Linh, Vinh PIn:6 ; Nguydn Meu Trt, IIAPTTH
Vdn NQi, Ha NQi ;T6ng Thdnhvu, gB PTNK
Tlnh Gia, Thanh H6a.
4") Ngodi ra, ban Bili Manh Hitng, tOA,n
DHKHTN - DHQG HA NQi dE dd xudt vd gi6i
bdi torin tdng qu6t hon : Chring minh B.D.T.

ak6k&
:_+_+_>
bilr *ctR crr *aJ,R
t_2(a*b+c)k-ni
gk -,n

chtra

Bei T10/234. Cho m.Qt g6c tam diQn udi cd.c

p76n, phdi td. g6c
-dinh (mqtl
uuOng. Qua dinh ta dgng ba d.udng thdng, m6i
duimg uuOng g6c u6i mQt canh uit. nd.m, trong
nrat phd.ng chta mat ddi dien u6i canh d6.
Chilng minh rdng cd.c duimg thd.ng dqng duoc
cilng ndm. trong mQt mQt phd.ng.
Ldi giai 1. (DUa theo Nguydn Trung Kian,
11A?, PTTH LQ Thriy Qu6ng Bj+) Gi6 sir
g<ic tam di6n O(abc) 6 e6cmdt bOc = d, coa
=-F yi, aOb = y khdng phAi li g<ic vu6ng. Ggi
d 6'va c1a cric v6cto don d tr6n c6rc aaih Oa,
Ob vd Oc vit dQt : ), = F(= cosa), lt = ff(=
cosp), v = d3'(= cosZ). (Theo gie thidt thl ),, p
0).

Tr6n c6c m6t ph&ng (bOc), (cOa) vd (o06)

tt

di-nh Q ta dr,tng cric vrSctd : ? = pf-vf,,

f = y7- tiva'r.-= )"i- ttf,lan tugt nem tr6n

+f +":d

(i)
(ii)

=6F =ff= O;

HQ thrlc (i) chtlng tb cde dudng th8;ng Oa',

Ob' vd Oc' d6ng thing ; cbn c6c h0 thrtc (ii)
chtlng t6 Oa', Ob' vd Oc'theo thrl t{ vu6ng g<ic
v6i er4c c4nh Oo, Ob vd Oc cr&a gtic tam diQn.
Nhtr v6y, cric dudng thing Oa', Ob' vd Oc' (6
flcvdeta chl phrrongd, 6'va 6t(theo cdch drrng
de chi ra d tr6n) dung drtoc th6a m6n bd,i to6n
li ba drrdng th&ng ddng ph&ng.
Sau dAy ld ldi giei kh6c, cring sir dgng
phttong phrip v6cto nhtrng ui phdn tr, nhi6n

hon.

Ldi giAi 2. (Nguydn Minh Phuong, 1lA"

PTTH chuy6n Htrng Vrrong Phtl Thg vi mdt
s6 b4n kh6c), Ggi Oa', Ob' vd. Oc'ld ba drtdng
th&ng ldn lugt nim tr6n cric m{t pbing bOc,
cOavdaOb sao eho vuOnggdc v6iOa, Ob vd,Oc.
Tr6n cri'c dudng thing aa', Ob', Oc'ldn ltrgt l6y

,7 =f+zif
d

=?+ri
d, ta

s5c v6cto chi phuong

c6c di6u ki6n
= 67 =
drJoc :
cosy * zcosB = cosa *x cosy
cos? *y cosa

7 = t-+ y6iTt

Tt

dd ta thu duqc hC thrtc

=0

,?cosB +fcosy =7"o"o

=d

(phuong ph6p tdng hop).

g6c phd.ng d

Oa', Ob' vd

Ngoni phttong phrip v6cto, cri thd giei bai

to6n tr6n blng phuong ph6p th6ng thttdng

NGUYE,N OANC PTTAT

viyd6u

3
a-P

ld.

Nri chrlng t6 c6c dudng th&ngOa', Ob'vd.Oc'

ddng phing.

anr +bnR

(v6ikv'itnN*;h>n)
- TrI nhi6n, chtlng minh cria b4n Htng
chat ch6 phdn cu6i.

oic dr:dng thing m& ta ki hi6u

Oc'. Thd thi ta drroc :

_ I,-di giAi 3" (Nguydn Phudc HiQp, LZ/-z,

THCB DiQn Bdn, Quing Nam vi mQt s6 b4n
kh6c). Ta cdn chrlng minh Oo', Ob' vd. Oc'
(dqng dugc th6a m6n di6u kiQn crla bii torin)
ddng phing. Ndu chring cr)ng nim trong m6t
met phf,ng (o) nao dd, ta hay cdt gtic tam di6n
O(abc) blngmQt met ph&ng (n) ll @); giA str (n)
6tOa, Ob vdOc ldn lugt 6z4o B vi C vi ta dtrgc :
BQ ll Oa', CA ll ob', AB ll oc'

Tt dd suy ra:
{oo' oo

lot' ou

1o"'

o"

<=

lOo' , Ob'uit. Oc'dbng phd.ng

lBc'

OA

ln ZZllo eoABCln mot ttl diQn truc tem.

ln(ABc\

' Bei to6n quy v6 dlrng mQt trl diQn trlrc tdm
OABC cd cdc dlnhA a Oa, B e Ob vdC a Oc.
Chinghan, !6ymQt didmA tr6n Oo (A * 0). Ct,
thd d6 ddng chrtng minh rlng tim dugc duy
nhdt mQt didm B tr6n Ob

vi

mQt didm C tr6n

,
FOR UPPER SECONDARY SC}IOOLS

{yfifuw,ffi

T6/238. The iequence of leal numbers

tlturud{r{

{ x,s} satisfies :

FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Proue that

Tll238. Let A and B be two 7-digit

numbers, the digits of eachnumber aredistinct,

ABC such

T51238. Take three points

C'

respectiuely on the sides BC,. CA, AB of a

triangle ABC, and. letA", 8", C" be respectiuely
the midpoints of AA', BB', CC'. Proue that the
ratio of the areas of the triangles A'B'C' and
A"B"C" does not depend on the position of A',

(tidp theo trang 1)

DOI DIEU VE ...
*
Gid.i : N6u trong 3 s6 tr, y, z 6 drftng 1 s6

9m =

ll:
^

2"or? - 1.
ona27!
b +a. =

x! *yz *xz > 3

I

TxzW

=3

Ng.tgc lqi v6i

_x! -!z -zx _lxllyl _lyllrl - lrl lrl

x y
-z

lrl

lyl

>B 1[EIJtlTzJ =s1[Erf >a

+ min A = B dat dugc khi lrl =lyl :l

Vdy nghiOm nguyOn crla phrrong trlnh

zl:t
li

(-1, 1, -1))
Blri todn 5 z Tim m ad ne c6 nghiQm.r

Y>0,2>0

* = 27, ta thdy ngay

(r,y ,z) = {(1, 1, 1); (1, -1, -1); (-1, -1, 1);

fr*y*z=l
]xy + yz t zx -- 9m
lxyz = m

12a,

Tl}(*),(**)+*=T

lrl

real

*T . O* +m) .,ff)

* Ca 3 s6 d6u duong hoQc2 trong 3 sd ld dm

ta cci

all triples of

(D',A',B'), (A',B',C').

B', C'.

inr hoac cA 3 s6 d6u Am thi} *'i

kh6ng th6a mdn phtrong trinh

7..

Tgl2S8. Proue

ruot a

A', B',

< 2 for all n >

7.

thatlor eury trianSle ABC,

,[1cose *2cosB +2{?cosC < 4.
When does equatity occur ?
T10/238. Ttuto tetrahedra ABCD and
A'B'C|D' are plated in space so that : BC t
D,A', CA L D,B', AB ! D,C,, DA L 8,C,, DB I
C'A'. Proue that there exists a point unique O
such that OA, OB, OC, OD are perpendicular
respectiuely to the planes (B'C'D'), (C'D'A'),

T41238. Letbe giuei a quadrilateral ABCD,

is

x.n

>

tlnt

2 +e =

F+zt[7x2*7x*,{7-t=0.
le qu a.d ri latera l.

<

euery n.

numbers (a, b, c) such that the function f(x) =

ax3 +bxT * cx I 1 satisfies the cond,ition I f@)l
< 1 for euery x, e [-1, 1].
T8/238. Determ,ine the angles of a triangle

T3/238. Solue the equation

perpendicular. Protte that ABCD

};fo,

T7l23S. Determ.ine

from 7 to 7. Suppose that A > B. Can A be

diuisible by B ? Why is it ?
TZ1?3E. Let a, b, c, d be positiue integers
satisfyirug b2 + 1 = at anrd cz + 7 = bc. Pioue
that a*c 3b andb *d = 3c.
=

ci rc um sc rib ab

4,+ t

11= aandxu*r=

0,

(1)
(2)
(3)

cho c<j nghiQm x = =,

giri tr! duy nhdt cdn tim.

=+ . Y4y n

hO

di

ru

Nhu vQy : vdn dgng phirong ph6p ndy ta

kh6ng chl giei dugc phuong trlnh.mQt cdch
nhanh ggn mi cbn x6t dugc mQt sd hQ phuong
trinh. Phuong ph6p niy c6c b4n hgc sinh THCS
cbn dugc g?p lai khi giei c6c loai phr.toug trinh,
hQ phuong tririh phong phri vi da dang hon d
cric l6p THPT.

Gftii : Sir dqng bdt d8ng thrlc C6si eho 3 sd

drlOng r, y, z ta" c6

L=x*y*z>-81{xyz=g11* (do B) +
1

m<fi(*)
11

U^g

dv'^g tfch v6 hut&rg +d gidi

A&tatiel

ffi@T

$$

mffiffiffi T0ffiffi wE mfiT

BfiilG Tffiffi( Tffi$ffiffi Tffiffi filfic

rnAN ruA.N ol,P - o6 naaNs

u6x

(HdN1i)

Trong pham vi bii ndy chring t6i chi c<i thd

don cir mQt vdi vi du ti6u bidu, hy vgng th6ng
qua dri ngrtbi hqc hinh than\ mQt phuong
hrrdng ttl duy khi ti6p cQn vdi c6c lo4i bii to6n
mdi. Chring ta hdy b6t ddu bing mQt vi dg don
giAn quen thuOc

tshi to6n

l.

cosA

Chilng minh rd.ng udi ntoi tam

*cosB +cosC <

(1)

Giai" D6 thdy bdt ding thfc (BDT)

Blri torin 3. Cfulng minh udi mgi tam

ABC

i2 +yz +zz v

C<

Tt

gio.c

daiBC = a,AC =b,AB = c

didm I tiry y trong m4t ph&ng (ABC)
dttng 3 vecto { ,4,4.6 dO dei don vi ldn lugt
vu6ng g6cv6i odc canh BC, AC, AB.
Theo tinh chdt ctra tich vd hu6ng

Tt

=4= 4
q 4- cos ({ ,r'r) = -cosC;
Eq= -eosA ;qq= -cosB

n6n:0 < 3 -2
tr] dri cosA

ABC
*zsin, +trsin7 <
m.n.D ,1 +_i i_
< _+__r- (
\nL."

no p./

(4)

Gili. Trudc mit cric bpn, bd,i to6n 4 cti v6

'th6ch thfc" hon, Thdnhrrng sau khi rrit gon vd
ph6i crla (4).

ry (#.L*.il =i (T.ry.T)
|

/ aa.
=-Zmnp ln'D'+m2o2+m2n2\
I
\

ta dua BDT (4) v6 BDT tudng duong

m2n2 +mzpz +tu2p2 >

C,
,
A
B
>Zntnp (msin +nsin, +psin7) @')
V
D4t mn = x i fiiF = y ; np = z,BDT (4') trd

xz + yz

ABCS
sinf +sin7+sin7<,

(2)

Giai. BDT (2) rO rdng tudng drrong vdi

B +C
A+C A+B 3

*cos-7-+cos , <[
B+C A+C . A+B
Dlti=o,i=p.,i
cos ,

=y, thl

l4ild 3 gtic cria mQt tam gi6c, vQy bii torin

(2) drroc drra v6 bdi torln (1).

12

ABC ud.ba sd duon7 n, ft, P tiry i,, lu6n c6 :

thinh:

Biri todn 2. Chrtng minh rd.ng udi mei tam

gior ABC ludn c6 :

a, p, y

dd cd ngay d.p.c.m.

=I

(cosA +cosB *cosC)

cosf| + cosC <

xzcosB + YzcosA)

(qq*4q +ri6

D6"y, theo gia thi6't 7,

msin:,

=4*4*4*

+2

(3)

Bii todn 4. Chnng minh rd.ng udi insi tam

Goi dd

+ir.+ir12
= (4

?-xycasC *?-xzcasB *Zyze-osA

2 (xYcosC

(1)

vd tdn t4i nhi6u c6ch chrlng minh kh6c nhau

nhti 5p dung dlnh lf hdm cos ; drra v6 dpng tdng
binh phrrong hodc dga tr6n BDT hdm ldi.
Ldi giai sau dga vio tich v6 htrdng ctra c6c
vdctd

gia,c

!, z bdt ki, luOn c6 :

Giai. Lai,chgn cdc vecto { ,q.,qnhu bdi

todn 1, rip dgng tich v0 hrrdng cho cdc vecto
oq , rt, zulta dtrgc :
o < (r4 +yQ+zu-r12 = xz *y2 lsz -

tudng duong vdi

.A
sinTsinTsing

uit. ba sd thUc x,

* 22 >- 2
A +8.

(weos'+ * xzcosLf .

yzeos, ) = 2 (*y"ow * xzcosq * yzcosy)

A+B
B+C
A+C
v1ia= Z ;F= Z iT= , tao

thdnh 3 gdc mQt tam gi6c.

Bii todn 4 d6 dugc drra v6 bni todn 3 ( !)
Bdi to6n drrgc x6t dudi dAy c<i d4ng kh6c.
Biri to6n 5. (Dd s6 2 sSch DO thi tuydn sinh
- Bo GD vd DT)
Chtlng minh rd.ng tdi mqi tam gid.c ABC uit
moi sd thrlc x, luon c6 :

1^
| + |xz

> cosA

+r

(cosB

* cosC)

(5)

Giai. D6 nhQn th6y sau viQc chuydn vdph6i

ctra BDT (5) sang vd trrii ta drta viQc chrlng
minh (5) v6 ph6p ehrlng minh tam thrlc bOc hai
x2

f(*) :7

{""*n *

cosC)

r * 1 - cosA

kh6ng 6m Vr G R.

Tuy nhi6n dd kh6ng ph6i ld phrrong ph6p

duv nhdt hrlu hiQu. Thdt vAy, lAi chgn c6c vdcto
q,fr,{ nhrr d bii to6n (1) rdi ding binh
phuong
drrgc

vO hrr6ng ctra vectd

f= x4 +fi +Qta

la

ntii cria nhidu ban hqc sinh va crla c5c lhdy gi6o.
Y ki6n c0a banffdTidn Dung, 12C 1, THPT l-loAng Qudc
VieJ, Mao Khc, D6ng Trifu, Quing Ninh la xac d6ng nhdt :
"Xet phudng trinh
1-t

A+B+3 7AB.C:C'(*)
* (,ra * 3,tg - qI( 3,tz * c)2 o (3,[E *q2 *

+ (3i{v

o<7:(r4+4.*u'r1z:xz+
hay : 0 <

x:2

>
Ctngthd:
x.2

+2

xz
I*i )

- 2a (cosC +cosB) -ZcasA

+2

2cosA + 2r (cosB

cosA

*r

cosC)

nghiQm

o<

*4

Ii *

,.

Nhu val luoc dd xet phudng trinh (**) nhu thd nAo ?
I : Vi6t (+) vC dang tudng dudng v6i tuy6n gdm (* *)

Budc

vi (*tr).

Budc 2: GiAi hQ (**r;

+ N6.r (*r*) v0 nghiQm thi (*r) ++ (*)
+ N6r (***) co nghiQmx = a th6a mAnA = B = C

ta dtroc

({ +q.+4*Q, - 4 -2 (cosa, *

* cow, + cosc3 *

cosao

* cosc, *

thi x = a

cosa6)

dd

c<i

ngay

li

nghiQm

cia

(*

thix

a khdng

li

nghiQm

Cring d6 ddng nghiOm lai khi trl di6n d6u cd

6

=2
)
i:l "oo,
Viy li bing mQt phriong ph6p th6ng nhdt,
nhi6uhdi to6nphrlct4p duoc giAi quydt kh6don
giAn, v6i khdi luong tinh to6n vi bi6n ddi dugc
rut gqn ddn mrlc tdi thidu ddng thdi bAo d&m
drigc tinh chinh x6c vd s6ngt6. Hyvgngquabii
b6o b4n dgc cAm nhdn dugc f tudng d6 xudt
cring nhrl cdc tdrc giA chdn thnnh mong doi c6c
ddng gdp m6i thf vi tt phia ngubi dgc.

+ Nghiem cria (*) kh6ng th6a m5n (***;

+ NghiQm cria (***) thoa m5n,4 = B = C

(6)

i=1

cta (**).

Budc 3 : K6t lu{n nghim cria (**) g6m

cosa, <

*)

+ N6r (**r) co ngfriQmx = a khOng th6a mAnA -- B = C

0

Tt

cta (*x)."

(cosB + cosC), (dpcm).

Binh phuong vO hu6ng ctla vectoil:

+4

heA:B:C=0.

* Khdndng2;x = a krh$ng th6a m6n (**), thi (*) va (**)

kh6ng tudng dddngvix a li nghim cira (*) nhUng kh6ng lit

Sau cirng chring ta tidp tuc vAn dqngf tudng

tr6n vdo m6t bdi todn hlnh hgc khdng gian d4c
s6c md vi6c chilng minh bing m6t drJdng l6i
kh6c h&n s6 v6 cr)ng gay eAn.
Blri torin 6. Chrtng minh rd.ng tdng cd.c
cosin cia 6 nhi diQn tq.o bdi 4 mdt c&a mQt tu
diQn. bdt ky luOru nh6 hori hoQc bd.ng 2.
Giii. Goi dp d2, G3, e4, d5t a5ld cric gric
phing cria 6 nh! diQn t4o thnn Tt didm / tny f
trong hinh ttl diQn, ta dtrng 4 vecto don vi ldn
ludt vudng gdc vli 4 m{t cfra ttx diQn, ggi c6c
vecto dci Ia i, Vr,, q, io.

+q.

N6r (***) v6 nghiQm thi (*) e (x*)

2) N6.r (*r*) c6 nghiQmr : a thi xaY ra hai khA nhng :
* Ktdndng 1.'x = a th6a m5n (**) t-+x = a li nghi6.m cua
1)

(qq*44 +2qq*4*4

Tr} dd suy ra

- 'val't = o

l3,E*3,[E=c(**)
* lh
= 3,tg = -c1***;.
.Iirh6 ta c6

+?*

C6cvdnd6ntu ra ciraTda so4ncutii bli vi6t"Doi khitudng

211997) dA duqc sq hudng ilng trao d6i sdi

dtug'(stt 236,

:0

MOt sd ban cho ring n6u nghiQm (r) thoa m6n (r**)
thi kh6ng phai nghiQm cria 1**) ! DAy ln mQt f kidn sai ldm.
Trd lai 2 thi dg trong bii vi6t cria t6c gii Nguy6n Doanh

Hoa:
Tht &t

I .' (r**)

vO nghi$m nn

(:)

<+

(**).

(**)

c6 nghiQmx = 0 kh6ng thoa mdnl = B

0 rnx = 0 kh6ng lA nghiQm cta (* *).
C6 ban d6 dtla ra giAi ph6p thrl tdt cA cAc nghiQm cua

Tht dU 2 :

(*) vao (rr), k6 ci nghiQmx =

I ___
! TE{T* 3{3 crla thi du 1.

Day ld viQc Inm qu6 phfic t4p vi b4n chua tim ra giAi phap tdi uu.

o C6c b4n Pham V6n Thenh, 11T PTTH lam Sdq

Thanh Hfu, Le Cudng, l2D PTTH Hirng Vrrong, Phf Thg
c6

ki6n t6t. Xin cirm on c5c thdy gi6o va c6c b4n.

r-Br:HdNc NHAI

13

,rl

i'

.r

0E Ttlr rlJyEil

,l

$Iiltl nloil t0Ar{ lffiot f, t{Rill I $00

TRU0NGDATHQC OUoC GrA HA NQr

t*lrll.,}%-u.,

gian lam ou'

phdn I z (cho tdt cd cd.c ,or[T;^oi'
Khd'o sdt stt bidn thian' ud' uE

db v'=-l;t-=;v'-

,ortiilii)

(r + 1)3

BAng bi6n thi6n

" -(*-Ltz2) Bi|ryluQn theo tham sd k sd nghiQm cila

phxongtrinhsau:
J-re

(r+1)3-k.(*-1)2=0.

Ctu II

1) Gidi

ud.

tfinh

m bdt phuong

bin luQn theo tham. sd

> m(x

D GiAi hQ phuong trinh

[r,7 +

-2)

t[7]

tgA.tgB<1.

CSU

l\

tinh

tg2x-tgx.tg\x=2.
z-Tr9ng met phd.ng tqa dQ hay tep

ndm ffAn ba dudng th6.ig sau :

x2
Y =E-E;Y =x*2)! =8-x.

xt
rt'"9 Jo: at
+,
+12'E'
"
2) Chrtng m.inh rd.ng tbn tg.i cdc s6 th4c

chtng minh

'

a, b,

dilng u6i mgi x:

xa +2 = 7x2 +as +b)(xz +cr +d,).
Cdu VI5 (Dd.nh cho thi sinh ehuyn ban)
1) Tim nguyAn hd.m cfia hd.m sd :

c, d soa chn dd.ng thtlc sau

f(x) =sin (r -i) Q+sin2r).

Clto
s6. p thtu md.n -Z < p < 2. CtuIng
.Z)
rg.ryg
tbn tai cdc s6 thrtrc a,b, c, d sao cfr
ry.inh
dd.ng thrtc sau

x4 +px,z

+l

ding udi mgi x:

=

(x2

+ax +b)(xz +cx +d).

oAp An vA THANG DIEM

C&u I. (2 didm : 1) 1,5;2) 0,5)
1' Ham sdy =

t4

,Yx * t
9lg
\x - L)'

*o
,

\ !.r./

*oo

27

l(5):

'
riQrn c$n drlngx

TiQm c&n xi6n

= 1 vi H-

!'+ll; = +-

x'1(r-l)'z

(r+r)1
(, -r)2=r*5

*tb_X
(*
-L)z

y- r*

5 vi

"'Atffi-(r+rr]=
Dd thi tidp xtic
trgc hoinh

tai

di6"m

dd

(-1, 0),

thi c6t truc tung

COu V zTimtdtcd.cd.ccep sd (r,y)thto.md.n

phuong tiruh
gsint -ru g"or? : 10 + cos2y.
PhSn II:
CAu Vtru (Ddnh ctn thi *nh nnnng chuyhnbon)
1)

\\

D6 thi cd tiQm c{n xi6n ld

z- r tr3

p0ry"9
trinh duitng trdn ngogi tidp tam giot
c6 ba canh

b
0

-O-----

t"1=

=t17
1{Z=; +{y = r/7.
C&u III :' I) Cho tam gia.c ABC c6
sin?A + sin2B + sin2C < z chtrig minh rd.ng
2) Gid.i phuong

x^, l--1
-1
I
y'|
+ 0 + ,,
ll -

sau :

W=4

Qq = -1ho4cr =5

tai didm (0, 1).

2. Vi nghiOm
cria phrrong trinh

dangx6t ldhoinh
dO giao didm ctia
dd thi hdm s6 da
cho vdi dudng
th6ngJ = ft n6n
tt dd thi ta c<i :
+) h > 2712:P]rntong trinh cd 3 nghi6m.
+) k < 2712 :Phtrang trinh cd 1 nghi6m.
*) k = 2712 : Ph'tang trinh cti 2 nghi6m (1
nghiQm li nghiQm k6p) CAu II. (2 didm : 1) 1,5;2) 0,5)
1. GiAi bdt phuong trlnh

{ir=T

> m{x

-2)

(1)

L[eu Kren
{lx>2 _
'lr<-z
a) m.= 0) D6 thdy hdt phrrong trinh cti
[x>z
ngnrem

lx < -2

b)nz!o:

.X,4 -2

(1)<+lh'-4>m2(r-2)2
L[
x22

fx<-2

.*l J, +2>
Llx>2

*l

(x

m2

VAv

-z)

1)r < zqmz +t1

[@' L1
x>2

*Ndu m > Lthi

e)m<Oz

(1)

thl

<+1.,:;'

t, {-;-

(1)

*!
*l ,
. =* =r@t
_t)
(mz
cr

L]xz-42nxz @-2)z
t

fr22

11,=-z
llx+z<mz

.=11"=-z
1x-2) Ll@z - ry >rz{mz + t)

L<

nt< 0 thl (1).=[, <2(4 + 1)

+Ndu m. < -.j,thi (i)

T6m l4i:
*m<-1t 12,+*7

*x

* -L

,'#l

<m<or e ( -*
* 0 < rz < 1r (-*,

*'-1

-27 U [2, +oo;

Gieir,{E+mrE

Nggj > y thi ro rdng 1; arlV- > {r +

nen (r, r) khon! ptr6i ln nghi6m.
Ndu r < y thi rl7+rtZ,- < 1l} +rt 4
n6n (r, J) ctng kh6ng phai Ii nghiQm.
Khi r = y
thi ta dugc {7 + r[Il = ,[T o
"

{I4

Z,ti=$

= S<=

[r-.,

l:

:;

1. Ta cd sin2A + sin2B + sin2C =

1
1
-cos2C

-cos2A*_--cos2B* I
----rz

31
2@os2A*eos2B*cos2C)
31
cos(A-B) +Zcosz

=;-;l2cos(A+B)

31

=;-|l-ZcosC

cos(A

Gi

-B)

+2cos2 C

1l

= 2 + 2e-osC [cos (A - B) + cos (A + B)1

= 2 + 2easC cosA cosB.

1l

o. o +

>

0)

iphrrong trinh : tgzx

tgxtgSx = 2

{::::;0,.,
leosdr:

Cdch 1: Phirong trinh da cho tttong dtrong vdi

(l - tg2x) + (1 + tgfigex) = A
cos?-x
Il
r-: cosZx
cos2x cosrcosilr

cosZx 1
<+_.1_*=_^
_costr \ cosr

l=0

cosdr /

I cos2r = 0
<+l
- fcos8r = -cosx, = cos(z

-x) +2rnt

-f,)

(tn,neZ)

+x'xrJt
= 4nr, 2
y=(2m+l)nl4
a = (2m - l) nlZ (lo4i do di6u kiQn (*))
VOy nghiQm cta phuong trinh le :
* =t+nfi@ ez)
2: V6i di6u

kiQn trn phuong

trlnh de

cho tudng dtrong v6i phuong trinh :

sinr
------=-- \
-'--- I, sinr
---- sin3r.
- sinr sin2r
ta---_'

cosr \ cosfi cosdr / -

e,ostr eosil

= -2
cosilr

sinh
<+__jl]-]=_ : I e=+ L _ ccls2x = cosr cos3r
cosr cosllT
c+l - cos2r = cosr (3cosr - 4co#r)

*4

Vay hQ u; nghlgm ld (r, y) = (0, 0) ho4c

(x, y) = (2,2).
C&u III. (2,5 didm: 1) 1,5 ;2) L).
=

2.

Cd.ch

Di6uki6ni0<r<2;0<y<2

cosA > 0, cosB

Ar = +(n
f

*m>1rG (-o,-2f u
Ir,ffi)
2

cosA

lz- ={2 +on

<+fu tz,+-)

3+

b) Ndu cosB<0 thi 'i,.U.n +

tgB < 0, tgA > 0=+ tgA tgB < I
+
c) Ndu cosC<0 thl -,.".o
0
A +B < nlZ+ cos(A +B) > 0
- <i-cosAco-sB->
sina'sna-# EAtgB < 1 (vi
Di6u ki6n
'

f'2
l["<-2

<+

.r>-2

*Ndu

(1)

<

< 0 thi Lr.

tgA < 0. tgB > 0 + tgAtgB < I *

a) Ndu

.i<.-2

*Ndu o < m<

sinzA+sin2B+sir?C<2

cosA-dosa cosC

cos2x +i
)=o
didm) : Dd y rlng hai dudng
th&ngy = x * 2 vd y - 8 -r vu6ng g6c vdinhau'

(cost

C6u IV

Ta cti

(l

- Giao didm crla drrdng th8ngy : x t 2 vd y

= 8 -r liA (3, 5). Trlc didmA (3, 5) li dinh cira
tam gi6e vuOng.
- Giao didrn crla hai drrdng th&ngy = x *2

viy - ;-?IaB (-"j8, -1)

- Giao didm ctia hai drrdng thlngy = 8 - r

vdy=i-?lac(7,t)
-cD
TEm O crla dttdng trbn ngoai tiSp ld trung
didm BC n6n O cd tqa d0 (2, 0) vi brin kinh crla
drrdng trbn ngo4i tidp la.
j)
6em tidp bta
15

Ddnh cho cde bgn chudn bi thi vda Eqi hgc

c*r phumng trintrro

fururymg gEac $nma

tu#t pHxuxroqg

trimh v& ti
uet tniNc

Tap chi Torin hgc

(Khdnh Hda)

vi tudi tft

s6

232

(10/1996) de gi6i thiQu phrrong ph6p lugng gi6c

dd giei cric bai todn v6 nghiQm cfia da thr-lc, hQ
hrlu ti vd chrlng"minh bdt ding thrlc (cria tdc
giA Pham BAo). O bdi b6o nDry, chring tdi mudn
nhdn ruanh ddn phtlong ph6p lugnggiec dd giei
quydt c6c phuong trinh, bdt phrrong trinh v6 ti.
Nhd srl dgng c6c cOng thric lugng gi6c mi viQc
kht? c6c ddu cin thrlc d6 trd n6n rdt thufn lgi.

Blri torin' 1. Gidi ud.biQn luQn phtong trinh

2)Khint., 6' 12;+O

"=

[0,

f]

r,

<-<
711,

l chor = nlcoso,

tar

Khi dri :
(1) <+

= \rn(l -cosa) *rlmzcos(l +cosa)

.=2{1 +cosa -\lT=cosa =

theo tham sd a

tt"+x =a-rtd-x

Bai giai. (1) <+rlo. +r +{a - x

(1)

(2)

[-a<r<o
+di6uki6nl
alo

(3)

Khi a = 0': (2) <+{7 + f/--r ; Qaea - Q

2) Ktri a > 0: (3)<+-1 *
* * 1, chor =
aeeep ydi p [0, z] (4). Khi dd (2) *
1)

<+
{aTfioqd+,@l:6$=o
(5). Y\ p e [0, z]
"", (g-+):Y
{,
t (D rLt
< cos
f
G -i) < 1 ; n6n (5) cd nghiQm khi
<+2 < a < 4. Khi dri, nghiorn ctra
=+<
+
(1)
=>

tt (4) vd (5) nhrr sau

. 11[
\ :
acosg = osln
\, - 9)

drroc xric dfnh

r:0ho4cri=

G4a

lOZb

Kdt ludn r 1) Ndu m. >

6h

thi (1)

c<i

nghiQmr

=0ho4cr=TO.E
2) Ndu nr < 0 tht (1) v6 nghiQm.
Blri torin 3. Gidi bd.! phuong trinh
(1)
'[t +x +{7=i *, -,
Bfi giai. Di6u kiQn -1 < r < 1 chor = cosc,
tt

(; -Z) < 2 - sin2 (; -I) cos2 ( ; -t)

:cos4 (; -1) - cos2 (; -t) zcos

a-

r=t2lag-a)
3)Nduo<0:(U-vOnghiQm
Bhi torin 2. Gidi ud, biAn luQn phuong'trinh
theo thqnt s6 m

l;;;
L

(1).=rlT-- +rll -cosa < 2 - +*

t7: *;la(4
- a)

<+1025cos2a-64cosa : 0'
lcosa = 0
dti (3) cho nshim
'=
= a+trczs.Lric

a [0, z]. Khi dd :

= -2osin (g-+) *, (t-+

1 - cos2 (g -+) =
= * 2acos (t-")
Kdt luQn: 1) Ndu a:0 : (1) cri nghiQmr
2) Ndu 2 < a < 4 : (1) cd nghiQm

*32-cosc = 32t[l-*g;

-%os

.*

(;-")

+2>-o

(; -i) - ,]' [*", ( Z -u) *

(2)
tltoe (;-i) *rf ,o

[cos

ch{}r

*e(;-s) +2cos(;"*) +2 > o,

*x -lm -x = 1- -r +t/r(m+r) (l) Va [0, n] phrrong

V{y bdt
trinh (2) lu6n dring vliVa
fmtx>O
e [0,.2r]
Bii grai. Di6u kien lrn -x > O <+
Kdt lubn: NghiQm cria bdt phuong trinh (1)
+r) > o
ld-l <r<1
Blri torfln 4 z Xd.c dinh tham sd a dd bd.t
< r < *,X'*
[,*o
phuongti"'rry:,Onf
iiemI;:
t 1) Khi nL = 0 :- (1) +=r 2E-G=
(1)
fla+{r +.rJo-rlx <2
t-(1)
chi cdn x6t khi a > 0.
Bari giAi : Ta thdy
=1--.r*{r2<+r=0

2,lnt

;;l

16

l)

Khi a = 0 : 1fV?

+1f--lt

r.oqp
ffi r^Jt1
I
=

'

= ,,V

Vrii 0 <

-t
n * 3.-

;i*..,* $-I)

trinh (l) c6 nghiOm

: Rdt phucrng

Bii todn 5 z Gidi vd biAn

giaii : Dizu tltqn.r, y > O (2). Ttr phrrclng trinh

ta ttrdyv6i a < 0 thi hQvO nghiQm. Khii > Ot-aco:

rhi

{lt = t
nhdt

lW

)
atinzr

.fi, :

::+

c()s4f

sin29

5a)l3a

< lel

.l-| _ dx < ,
1.
- "o2+*+*2
8

(')

t1
2*xlx2
ln

< t.Viy131co nghime

:

2sin2912

r)

Khi a = -l rhr ( 1,1

5) Khi

co nghifnrduv

I < a < 4thi (l)

c5 nghiem

r{

S:ru dAy la cric bai ro:iri dC clrc ban

) Gidi cdc bdr phtrong rrinh

a),17-+x-{7-:l<r
I
h) ->-7--l.r t*l
t -x- V1-.r
'Iittr
2)

trt d.d cdc

ln

,l

zorctgx' ln

2(l
'1 i t-xz\

Dodci

dx

__

I __
- rNr+x2
-.

fi
S

2. Ta cd x4 + 2 = (x2 * r[\' - 2r{2x2 :

7xz *,[4, - (1[6r)2
1x2 * t-S, + {-21 1rz - t3r + {Zy

tlB, b :,[7 ; c : - tJ6 ; a =,{2

bii ra.
CAu VIb. (1,5 didm : 1) 0,75 ;2) 0,75)
t.f1xl: sin (r -i) Q *sin2r)
:2sin (. -i) +sin (, -+) sinzr.
Ydy

a-

th6a rndn

tu luye n

1fo-:l - .(]-+-x-X; t =,,r

tr1 s.r + {o*? + 2rr{e -? = 3,,

c) {x}-I - {{=x > m

d),|n--n +fnF.r >lr

Gidi vd bittr htdrt tlrco tham sd b :

VAy nguy6n

him F(r)

F(x)

phuutg trinh, bdt phLutng trinh

a),[7]E -.fi-:nt =x

0,75)

: 2sin (,+)+ j "o" (,+) - ] ( *-?

)
"o"

ar ..r: TT +

-J)

nghitlm

nghi(-rn

.u(o(:;fr /x,
hoiq
I =
[.Vr - V3ri(
----. - o)1.1.\t'
[r'
L---)
lr= [3, -V3.r(4 -a)].ltt
1:
___
lY
t3u + {}r(4 'a)1"/)(,

:
:

lx'=l
lr={)
jr: ttl,,,,l. 1,.=
co nghiom riuy nhir.r : [i = +

= I lhi (l1co

*
f . = lr"

nhir.r = r' =

2+x2+x.2

lrr..*'Jrarad,,

3a

[t <, < +
.
.
^ l- =.rsinzr
(J)elVr
= I3., t f3dT4=d)lh,
Vr' = a - V, : |.3, + {ilG=,tl)r,'
I
K6t lriin : l) Khi 0 * u < lhoicr/ > 4 rhr (l)v6
Klri a

;2)

d.*

8-5a

Nen

l)

(k,tez)

V6ir E (0, 1) ta cci

(l)

lr=!+m
CAu VIa. (1, 5 didm : l) 0J5

2t Khi u = tt thi

"

< a ( 4; Khi dti

: 2r.rt229- I : 2(l -

["oqY=u

-l < (8 -

[--n"

bc,..2,r

< cos49

.=] ls,i",, :

l*<-J lsin2t=0
:51

].o* - (8 - 5a)t3,t.n = lo.il

V,ii .," c
[(r +l *-l

cos2y

trong dci 6 - Ssinl

[[s'i.":

] L, =

LU rJ

d,r +
A
a
cos r -.rn-gcoJ,p; =

tIr-(sln[-

cos2y

lcos2y:6
l"l"2r:
.
t (" o

a:0;(l)el' I fi+f:0
e
l.(+.v-V.t1,:0
[
.r=l':0
2) Khi a > o : (r) ['':*{*=r
t-u-Y!:'
t) - =acos-,f.n=
)
r ,.[

lt

: l *

phei > 0 n6n phtiong trinh tudng drtong vdi

ItKhi

JY-{:as'n-f.YJ

._t._ _,.. -z _ZCOs2y.

t
Ddy ringvdtrrii < 0 (do 1 <, < 8) cbnv6

(1)

1r*.r-{n=a

Ilii

-sinl -

1<r<8
(r-1)(f-8)

0<a<2

=a

g1

*t *] 8 - S = 2cos\r,

12) co

fudn phuong trinh theo a h

I fi+VY

:,[26

CAU V. (1 didm) Ssrn? + Scos'r - 10

tz>.

11
nBhi6merrAo0<a<2
K6t luiin

: ;lacl :;{TWTT

<agsinl +
< r. Viry

SINII ... (idp rheo rrang 1 5)

1*l-

Viy phriong trinh dtrdng trdn cdn tim ld :

(, -2)z tY2:26

il\

(! - -)

cos

, .n.

(l) \fdGTEir,, + +fif-:coqpJ<Z e

Khi do
tA

Di TIII rwhN

* Jn
]i;_:,
'
t'
t ='f,r,'*

2) t(hi a > 0, di6u *'e.

ln. Lr,,l

< 2e.r

sin

-2cos (x

f(x) cd dang
nl4) + j uir, (. *i)
ctlr-

(k - n$ * C, trong dd C la hang sd

t"y y.
c<1

2.Tac6:

ttghiem :

I = (xz + \2 - (2- p)xz =

* 112 - (t[zfixy2
(x2 *t[Xfix + t)(xz -{T1x + t)
Yqy a = {2 -p,b = 1,, : -r{2 -i, d th6a ,rdn dd bai'
TRAN HUy rd

:
:

x4 + px2 +

(x2

NGO DrtC rufiru - GLrcrng mit tr6 Viet Nam

ti6u" bidu nhdt trong ndm 19 96
NgO Dac Tudn
sinh ngdy 29.8.1979,

tai Tuong

Giang,

Tttong Son, Hd B6c.

L6n 6 tudi da md cdi
me. L6n I6n trong sti
chaur scic cira ba nOi
vd ngrrdi cha li PTS
Ng6 D6c

Tin,

c6n bd

nghiOn crlu d Vi6n

To6n hoc, Tudn d6
say nr6 To6n til nh6.
Tudn hoc cdp 1 tai
tlr,Idng CAt Linh va
trr.idng Kim Ddng

rHd NOi). Su6t

nanr cdp 2 tai tntdng

i'l'(ls (iiting \',, rlid N6i), dudc srt diu d6t v6

nrdn Tozin cutr thdy Khdnh. Thi vno kh6i
chuy6n Todn tntong DHTH Ha Ndi, Tuan d6
thir khoa vdi didm tdi da (25125). Can phbng
nh6 24 m2 d nhe A, khu TT Gi:lng V6 (H; Ngi)

Id noi Tudn da cam cui bao d6m vdi nhrrng bdi

toein khcj. Ngudi cha da chiu khrj dich nhi6u bdi
torin til tidngNga dd Tudn cci luc phii "dau ddu"
( !). Hi6n ldnh, it ncii nhttng Tudn rdt cci bAn

Iinh ctia mdt ngudi ldm Todn. Thdnh tich ctra

Tuan ld udc n)d ctia bao ban tr6 : Huy chuong
ving To6n Qudc td hai nAur li6n (199p, 1996)
vri Huy chtrong Vang thi todn ChAu A - Thdi
Binh Driong ( 1996 ). Tuan cci nguy6n vong duoc
hoc d6'ir6 thinh nhi nghiOn ctiu Toan, chuy6n
ngdnh To6n rdi rac, mOt chuyOn nginh mi
ngrrdi cha da dinh cA cuoc ddi crla minh dd
nghien ctru.
NhAn dip NgO

Dic Tuan dttoc Trung tlong

Doan TNCS Hd Chi Nlinh trao giai thrrdng
"Gttong mat trd Viet Nam tieu bidu trong nAtu
1996'. Tap chi THWT xin chuc mitng ban.
Chung ta hi vong vd cci qu;z6n tin tddng ring
Ng6 D6c Tudn se thuc hien duoc nhrtng udc nld
t6t dep cria minh
I

TIt&t-I

ANH oAv 16 vA Olo cHO

MQt 6ng chrl nhAn duoc tt nu6c ngoii gti vd
32 chai rudu qui. Ong ta bAo anh ddy t6 xdp vdo
m6t chidc thirng 96 cci 9 0
v6i sd luong chai d m6i 6
7
I
I
nhrt hinh b6n. Ong ta ncji
vdi anh ddy td : "H6y 7
7
tr6ng coi cho cdn thAn. Ta
se kidm tra. M5i ldn kidm
I
7
I
tra ta chi cdn ddm sd chai
6 m6i m6p thung luc ndo
cung dti 9 chai, va m5i 6 d m6p thirng luc ndo
cung phAi co it nhdt ld nrdt chai ld duoc !"
Anh ddy t6 vAng da nhAn ldi. Ngny ddu ti6n
anh ta gidu di 4 chai. Ong chir kidm tra thSy
dAm bAo y6u cdu. Ngiry hom sau anh ta khorli
chi gidu di 4 chai nila ma ong chti v6n kh6ng
ph6t hi6n ra. Duoc th6', anh ta lai gidu di tiep 4
chai nta.
Cu6i ngdy dd. 6ng chri ddn kidrn tra vi ttloi
cr.ldi ncii vdi anh dfiy td nr6t cAu. Ban cci the'cho
bidt 3 ldn anh ddy t6 da lay vti xdp Iai c6c chai
ruou nhu thd ndo kh6ng ? Dac bi6t, ban hny
dodn cdu ncii ctia 6ng chir vdi ngUdi ddy t6.
LE NGO(.
(lrt(d theo todn dAtt gtun Nga)

ISSN:0866-8035
Chi sd: 12884
M6 sd: 8BT3IM7

Gidi

ttuip
J,

bdi

CAT GHEP
Cat mAnh 96 da

cho theo hai nh6t

cit AB (A vn B ld
hai trung didur ctia
cric canh) vir CD
dudc 4 mAnh vir
gh6p czic ru6nh nAy
iai nhtt hinh b6n ta

hinh vuong. (Dr.ta theo d6p

ban : Nguv6n Tlti Ltrult Giang,6T.
chuyOn Lac Son, tlda Binh. D6 Tli Tuyi't
Mirtlt, 7A To6n, Chuyen Thi xd Phri Tho.
Nguyin Tiai Dilng,7T. Trdn Dang Ninh, Nam
Dirrh. Pltont Tld Thonh Thoo,8Li, Lant Ngqc
Duong,8T, NK Vinh, NghQ An. Plrunt Hai
Tltonlt, 8H, Trttng Vtidng, HA NOi. l{gul,irt
Quong Tli,9l2, Nguy6n Thi Minh Khai, Dh
Nirrg. Pln.nt Trung Kian, D6i 5, xa HAi Hda,
h. Tinh Gia, Thanh II6a.
se dr,loc nrdt mAnh
:1n cua cdc

Sip ch0 tai T1VT Nhi >mdt bAn giiio dr,rc

In tai nhA miy in Din Il6ng. 57 GiAng V5
In xong vir n6p lr-tu chidu hAng 411997

BINII PHLIONG

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