$f tJr,-^..

ryr-

BQ GIAo DUC VA DAO

TAo

HQT

ToAN HoC vtFT NAM

Ana

rnp cHi

ruu

r{A HnNc rHAxc;

HAY GIAI MOT BAI ToAN DuoI NHUNG

CACH NHIN KHAc NHAU
MO RONG BAI ToAI{

vi otIdNG THiNG SIM SON

Aru

ouoc

rd rAr.r TH0 38

rHu rni rnoilG mrilH

Doan Viet Nam tai tMO ldn thu 38

ToAN Hec vA

rubl TRE

MATHEMATICS AND YOI.JTH

MI.JC LI.JC
Trang
o Dirnh cho c6c b4n Trung hgc co sd
For Lower Secondary School Level Friends
Nguydn Minh Th1rtg - IJay gidi mOt bdi to6n
drr6i nhrtng c6ch nhin kh6c nhau
o Giii bei ki trtrdc
Solutions of Problems in Previous Issue
C6c bni cria s6

239

Tdng bidn tdp :

NGUYE,N CANH TOAN
1

fip

NGO DAT TIJ

HOANG CHUNG

o Dd ra ki nny
Problems in This Issue
T11243, ... , TlOl243, Ltl243, L21243
o l,{guyan Huu Vit Hung - CAu chuy6n v6 sd
11
nguy6n t6
o Tim hidu sAu th6m To6n hgc phd thOng
Helping Young Friends Gain Better Understanding
in Secondary School Maths
Trinh Bang Giang - Md r6ng bdi todn vd dudng
13
th&ng Sim Son
14
ndi
That
Id
khcj
o Phan Thanh Quang o Pham. Van Hilng - Ki thi Olempic to6n qu6c td
15
ldn thrl 38
o Giii tri to6n hsc
Bia 4
Fun with Mathematics
ph6
bdi
:
Thinh
cci
Binh Phuong - GiAi d5p
bao nhi6u tuydn xe
Tudn Thanlz - Tht tri th6ng minh

Tru so tita $oan :

81 Trdn Hung Dao, Hh NQi
231 NGuy6., Va.r Ci/, TP Hd Chi

Pho tflng bi6n

nOr oOt'tc BtEN TAP

Nguy6n Cinh Toan, Hodng

Chring, NgO Dat Tf, LO Khic

Biro, Nguy6n Huy

Nguy6n Dang Phet,

Phan

Thanh Quang, Ta Hdng Quing,

Dang Hung Thing, Vu Drrong
Thuy, Trdn Thdnh Trai, L6 86
Kh6nh Trinh, NgO Vi6t Trung,
Dang Quan Vi6n.

ffip ud tri su I VU KIM THTIY

LE THdNG NHil.
Trinh bdy: HOANG f,E BACH

BiAru

Minh

Doan,

Nguy6n Vi6t Hai, Dinh Quang

HAo, Nguy6n XuAn Huy, Phan
Huy KhAi, Vn Thanh Khidt, Lo
Hai Khoi, Nguy6n Van Mau,
Hodng L6 Minh, Nguy6n KhSc
Minh, Trdn Van Nhung,

DT : 8 220073
DT : 8.356111

DANH

cHo cAc BAN TRUNG Hgc co sd

Hiy giei lnQt bii ben duoi nhung cich nhin khic nhau
NcuvEN ulNH rsONc
(Vmh Phric)
c

mOt ki thi to6n 9, trong d6 ra cri bii

todn sau : "Cho hinh chu nh4t-tao bdi 3 hinh
vu6ng bang nhau, x6p k6 nhau nhtt hinh vE

chrlngminha

tF = 45u*

Ndu bi6t khai thric bii to6n vdi nhtng g<fc

d0 khrnc nhau ta s cri nhi6u c6ch giAi. Du6i
dAy la m6t sd crich v6i chf y ring-cric hinh
vu6ng drtgc vE th6m d6u bing hinh vu6ng dE
cho.

Cdch

.Br=F
- -I
'.
o

L,

^
BAD vu6ng c6n +^ ABD
= 45o.

oV4y:a*p=a*Bt=45o.
Cdch 2.

2.1.

1.1

chung v-i
LADB '- LCDA vi ffi
----"\
AD Jq DB
^
DCA-_p.
CD 2 DA'
-:r::-VayDAB=
Do dtj : a * p = q * DAB = Dt = 45o

AE
DKC

AED

AFB

(cgc)

+D.=C.=a
ll
DA = DC vd D: Dt*Dr=
=C, *

Viy

Dr:

9P

A ADC^vuOng c6n

vi

a+p=Cl *F=45"

1'

2.2
^ = AKC
^ = 135,r
L ADB ^ LAKC i ADB
/-\
- AD {Z DB
KCA.
=
"i,ft:t:fl!"yra:d
YQy:a1F= KCA+F=45".

obr=p

L,DAp vu6ng cdn .+

=a * Bt = 45'

Cdch

a*p

3.'

1.3.

3.1

ADCK la hbh n6n AC cit DK t4i O (Trung

didm crla m6i dudng)

ACD = 45o

Tacri:. tga=!.rge,
Z
'n
+ a = c, (dddv 0o < a, C1 < 45() )
V4y:o*f=Cr+f=45o

(Xem tiilp trang 8)

+
Bei T1/239

z^Cho .ba sQ

a" + b: +
Ching minh rang :

d.rn, th6a md.n

th4c a, b, c khOng

c' = 7

a*b*c(2abc+tl? cria Luu Tidn Duc, 8b, Chuy6n

. Ldi giii : Tay.

Ung Hda, Hn
Ta cci :

a*b+c<2abc*t[2a
a*b+c--2abc<r[2
o ia + b 1 cf - +ou" (a + b + d^+^ azbzcz
< 2 c+ 1 + zab * 2bc * 2ca * 8a2b2cz - 4o.bc
(a+b *c)- 4a2b2cz <2
e(2ab - 1) Qbc - 1) (Zca - 1) - 4a2b2c2
< 0 (1).
frt aieu kiQn o2 + b2 + c2 = | ta d6 ding
suy ra
2ab - 1 < O, Zbc - 7 < 0, 2ca- 1 < 0.
Viy

(1) dring.

minh.
Ddu

Tt

dri suy ra di6u phAi chrlng

vi

chi khi mQt trong

":"
ba sd o, b, c bing khOng vi hai s6 cbn lai bing
xAy

nhau vir biinS

Nhan x6t.

ra khi

*.

t. Rdt nhidu bqn giai dudc bAi nby.'I'rong

oo c,ic uqn sau diy m ldi girii tdi ba guang Xnailn, oei.
Trqng di6m U6ng Bi, Qun4g Ninh.' Trhn Lan Phuong. SAz,
Chuvncdp II

VitTi, N

n Vit Phuong 98,'PTCS ChuydrL

suy
'ranirnaril Phii Thq."r/,
Mq;h cubnft,91i, chuyen,fam
DA<r, Vinh Phfc. Ndzyin Nsb Ldn, Af'f, fo H<Ans.; LA

Cudng. gM Marie Ct-rrie. HA-NQI. NpyEn Xuan Thdih 77.

Chu VEn An, Ng6 Quyn, Ildri fhdng. N3uyin Quynh Hoa,
-l'oiin L'1. NzuyCn 1'r1i
9
;Nguytn Qulnh IIoa" 9T, NK tinh,
Hai Duonf. Npf|n H:nu Hdnh,9 NK Duy Tien.
Nam.
DoAn Qily llidu.8T. Trdn Ddng Ninh ; Ngzyin Tdt Thdth,
9CT. NK Nguycn Hi6n, Nam II.mh. f4hft Quang Minh,8T.
NK 'Ineu *tn ; Nguyin Dtc ThuAn, S Trl nhi6n, NK Bim
Son, Thanh Hfu. Ilodng Minh Son, 9T, QuSn Hdnh ; Li
Wet Hoa 9,A., Ddng Van Nghf An, Ddns Vdn Cdnh,, 97, NK
Thi xd. Hd Tinh. Dinh !rung Hidu.8A, Ph'l Bhi. Hrrong
Thriy. Thria T[ien-_ Hu-6.. rhgn Thi Ngo. c Xuan, eT, NguyQi

Ifi

Ldi giai ': (ctra hdu hdt cric ban).

Goi bidu thrlc ln A thi ta cd :
A'=-a; - ijz G I xy + y2) + (xy -

4)z +

1981.

Do dri A > 1981 vdi moi r, y

Matkhrlc:A= 1981 <+

<={'IA-92@2*xvl-v2)=o

l@Y-4)'=o
lr:n ",X=!:!2.
<+l-lxv=4

fo :A nh6 nhdt ld 1981 <=r = ! :! 2.

Nh4n x6t
1). Gdn 300 ban ggi ldi gi6i, nhrrng d6n 41
ban khi giei he cu6i cung chi tim -ra
x = y :2 I NgoAi ru cA 2 ban chrlng minh
r. yv de' A :
vd kh6ng
kh6ne tim drroc {,
A > 1965 vi
d6' A n
nh6 nhdt.
x. yv dd
1965 rdi kdt luAn kh6ng
kh6ns c6 x,
r
16 ra
ban qud "l6ng"
"l6ng'nn
Bdt ding thrlc cria 22bqn
ph6i di ddn kdt luQn : ddnh giri A b6ng con
dudng khdc "chat" hon I
k ; y)z (x2 1xy + y2t
2.T
y chi cdn vi6t xz +xy * y' > 0 V x,"n,fng'rnirt
SuJ

y.

3
=(r * 'r)' * f,lz,"

nhrrn8 m6t sd ban li ludn

oud ohrlc tao. M6t sd ban viSt k - v)2 (xz +
i xy'+ y2\ -' (x -' y)^(x3': v3) vd lf llan r - y cLng ddu v6i xt - yt c0ng drroe k6't quA
l.c 'tr tfitt<;

Nt rA t'

BAi T3/239
Chilng minh rd.ng c6 thd dilng I mdu dd
to tdt cd cfu dinh cia hai con xilc xor saD cho
hai dibu hin sau dd.y dbng thiti thoa nran.
1l Trong m6i con nic xd.c, hhOng c6 2 dinh
ndo duoc td cilng md.u.
2l Tdng sd ntdu d hai m.4t bdt hi (ntQt m.Qt
thuQc xric xac niry mQt ntQt th.u6c xtic xac kia)
khdng uuat qud.

. [di

6.

Siai. Ta cci tho' t0 nhu d hinh drr6i

ddy, trong d<i cric sd 1, 2, 3, ..., 8 ld cric t6n

Phan WQt Bdc, NpyAn Thanh Quyth, ofa, eUn dOi Cfra,i,
Nghg An c6 nhAn xt dring rlng : Bli to6n nAy chinh li c6u
1) cta bai T8/23 de drIQc giii trong s6 3 (237),1997
3. C5c ban Db Thanh Hitn, 7A-Totiyr, l'hudng Ttn, Hd
Tiylloang d;ng, OCT, NX Tin Sc,n, Bfo Ninh. Trhn Nggc

dat cho 8 mdu d6i mOt khric nhau. Trrrdc hdt,

d6 dang thdy di6u ki6n 1/ dE drroc th6a man.
Ta sE kidm tra xem di6u ki6n 2/ c<i dtroc th6a
m5n hay khOng b6ng oich x6t m6i m[t cria
xric x6c I v6i ttng m4t cria xric x5c II. Do
trong xric xic I m6t b6n trrii gdm toErn s6 16,
mat b6n phAi gdm toin sd chin trong khi trong
xric xic II m6i mat d6u gdm hai s6 chin, hai
s6 16 n6n
de ddng
thdy hai
mat dd J
cria I aa

quht

drtoc

Sin6 KhierrL _Diqg_Nai Nguyen Hobtg QuAn, ,9'tz, Nlryn

Binh Khi6m. Vinh [,ong,. Phan Thd Nhur Linh,9A, Ph-ttitng
Thanh. CAne l-one, Tri Vinh. I.uonq Thd Nhd4 Trhn AnE
Khoa,.8A, ehuyen, B4c Li6u.
2. Citc banDdo Thi Mai Anh,9A, Nguyn Trei, tli Tiy

Dric,.9A, NK Thi x5, Hung Y6n. NgyEn An lrung, 9A, NK

Ha Nanrq Hi Nam. Trhn Tilng 8T, Trdn DIng Ninh, Nam
Dfnh. Ninlr Vdn Tudn,gT, NKThi xa Tam DiCp, Ninh Binh,
. L Tdt Thdng, 9A, NK H6ng luinh. Ddo Xudn Hodtg, 9T,
NK Hi rinh, H-A fiAhllu)nh-Minh.We\ 8A, NgryEiHipn,
Din Ban, Quing Nam de phSt hi6u vA giii biri todn t6ng

'

Cho

3sd thvca,b,cthdamdna2+

Ch*ng minh rdng :

2abc
k -'{T<a*b*c

2abc

= t

b2

c2: k > 0

NcuvEN

Bei T2l139. Xor d.inh x, y d.d bidu thrtc

sau Qgt gid tri r.h6 nhdt.
*a - Exy - xsy * *2y2 -*y3 + y4 + 1997.
2

i-,luZ xdc
-6 z

-2
tac Z
mat tr6n
vd mit dr{y cta xric xdc I, ta sE tim crich drra
vd trudng-hdp tudng- tu nhu tr6n bang crich
drinh s6 t-ai niOt s6 ilinh cria hai con xric x6c
nhusau : 1 *10 ; 3-30 ; 8+81 ; 6+61.
DO dnns thdy sau khi drnnh s6lai thi mflt tr6n
cta xric xic I sE gdm toDrn s6 chin ddng thdi

v0i

+'lT.

rd

kidm tra
xong. D6i
cap

mat driy g6m toin s6 16, trong khi dci trong

xfc x6c II m6i m4t vdn gdm hai sd chin vit
hai s6 16, vir hai mat d<i cta xtc xdc I d6 duqc
kidm tra xone. Cbn mit tnrdc vA mdt sau cria
xuc xic I thi 5e duoc kidm tra bing &ch drinh
sd lai (xudt ph6t ti cdch drinh s6lic ddu) nhu
sau: 1--10;7---70;4-41 ;6 --+61. D6
ddng kidm tra tdong tg nhu tr6n. Vdy c6ch

e64 * ab3 = k2b2 oa3

Nh4n x6t :

IIi

sai. Ciic han

'l're : vo B,ilhi (bA. P'I'CS Bdn'tre;. Hai Phdnf

IIoa ; Thdi

n ( 9A r PTCS I Iiing BAng). Luo ng,

f'tguydn

oAttc vtEN

NpuvFn

sin 10o :

BC=

fl'\

/1\

Bsinlop -1
2n
Thay vio (1) ta drtoc :
a3 +b3: 6b3sin10P = kbz.

Me. BO2ln

Tr6n-aC ldy didm D sao

cho ABD = 600.
De thdy LBCD c6n d B vi
LBDC - A,ABC +
BC

a2

b2

di'm cria tia

Mit khric ha DE L AB ta cri BE= r,

DE:f ,. *u AE = AB - BE nn
?.b
AE = -a . Ap dqng dinh li Pitago ta cd
2
:

AE2 + EDz = ADz hay

e;)'*

E")'=

ECB).

BO, vdi

C, ta c6 Ort{C = 9f
Ma OrCK = 45o (rri
COr,COz li cric tia phAn giric cria hai g<ic k6
phu nhau) ndra LCOI{ vu6ng cAn vi ta crj
KC : KOz. Suy ra LCKI - L'OzKOt G.c. g) va
do d<i OlOr: CI. Nhu viy bdi torin tr6 thdnh
tim vi tri cria C sao cho Cf dat qax. Gqi D
li giao diftqcria tia CI v6i cung AB (d6i xlng
v6i cung ACB quaAB), do (1) ta c<; D ld didm
chinh giua cta cung nny--Talai cd-QI --DA.

n6n

-a2

l)inh.

phin gi6c trong n6n ta cd BO,

COt. Chrlng minh

hldng t{, ta ciing cri
AO, t COrvit suy ra
t ld tryc tdm
LCO rO2. Gqi K li giao

BC_

AD=b a2

Ilii

Thta Thi6n - llu6

CEB=A+ ACE: HCB+ HCE=

Cdch 2 :

AC = b'
Ma AD: AC -DC

'l'hi,v :

BAi T5/239.. Cho nita duitng trbn dudng

hinh AB, bd.n hinh R. C lit didni chuydn dLng
bAn nfia dudrug trin d6. Hq CH t AB. Goi
Oruit. Orld. tdm cdc duitng trbn nOi tidp trong
cd,c tam gior AIIC uir BHC. Tint ui tri cila
didm C dd doan OrO, c6 d0 diri ldn nhtit uit
tinh dQ ddi l6n nhd.t do theo R.
Ldi gi6i Gqi / la tim drrdng trbn nQi tidp
LABC (1) vn E li giao didm ctra tia COrv6i
Ats* ta^ c6---ABCE--cAn --dinh -E- (vi

ACBCz
DC:

gNk'it

V[] KIM 'I]I['Y

LTC

DC

Xtan Hdr.

Bac Lieu.

a 2b sin 10o
A, = =
Ap drlng heng ding thrlc
a3 +b3 - (o +b)(oz -ab +b\
a
u
ta c6 a3 +b3 = 863sin3l0o +63
= b3 (8sin31oo + 1) (1)
Sir dqng
cOng thrlc sin3r = Ssinr - 4sin3r
+
ta c<i r si-n30o -: 3sin10o :- 4sin310o
4sin31oP

Ngrl'drt

OTrh'frung Ilidu. aA cAp 2-3 Pirti Bei. llrrong'l'huy ; t)dc

LEc: Ngd Qudc Anh, Tq Qudc llrng, l)(t llodng Nant.tt'l'
Kh6nh IIda : Tiirr
Chuyen Nzuven Du, Bu6n Ma'Ihu6t
-l'ranq;
'tudh Anhlgi' Le
'frdn Dinh
Quri D6n. Nha
: IICM :
Htx Htii.9Ar, I'HCS Phrriic Binh, Q9"; l,ong An , Ngpn'irr
ThdnhTin,SAeTHCS Thn l'hrla ; Vinh lnng : Ngu'tn I lodng,
Binh Khiem ; TrirVinh : 7'rin Wnh l rung.
Qudn,9T2Nzuyen
9/tl P'ICS Lf -ir.r 'l'rqns, B6n Tre : Vi Bd lhi, 9n l"l-l lI
'I're
Bdn
; Blc L[rr , Luong Thd Nhdn. SA Pl-fiI Chuven

*Al:1f.Tacd

VIn An

lliu,8'l'IIAn'l'huyCn Tl'.

xa: Ouinp Binh: Ddns'thi'l'6 Nhu.9l'NK

cd.n ABC (AB

a3+b3=kbz.
Ldi giai :
Ctfich I ; Ha dudng caoAH

Dthc

lloa,
Quang-Minll.
8T NK Trifu Sdn. Le Kim Phuqng,,gC-T NK'fP. Ngrt,-n Anh
Tudn.9 TN NK Bim Son ; Nghf An : I.A Vid lld 'f9A Cll
D6ns VIn. 'l'hanh Chudns, NruvAn Xudn Todrt. tlA l'(:l .(:
DiC;Chau. Phan vdn,<nIsA Nf Quinh I.ttu, Phan I'hanlt
Minh. ST Nf vinl ; IIi finh : DdngVtln Cdnh.9'l'NK 'l'hi

KhuYcn'

b,

g'l'V['l'hu; lln Noil

7 dr Thanh,9CT NK Ncuv6n I Ii6n, Nam l ruc. ('att Vdn l)udtt.

NK I kfrng
81'NKXudnThrjv.Th;nh llfu : I.uu Dtic'l'hi.7A
'frinh
Tdng l'hdnh va 9ll NK Tinh Gia.

IIi

, l.a QulangVinh.

Nam Dinh :7'rbn

Wr

B,iri T41239. Cho tant gidr

= AC). Bi6t BAC = 2ff ; AB = AC
= a. Ching miruh rang

Biih

I. Cudng, gM Marie Cuie. Trbn I'dt Dqt.9Ar (lhu

Ct dng (9 A t
PTCS I ldng BAng) ; NSh An Ngtyn Huy /a (9 Ttr6n A.
Chuyen Phan BQi ChAu, TP yjnl,)j-I!,i V!1 Dqt (9Te Chuyn
Phan BOi Chau, TP Vinh). Ph( Thg :_Hd _Quaryg Chiln
Nqi : L Anh Wnh
(9 Ar. Chuyen vn DTNT Song Thao).
( 8Ar PTCS Giing vo) ; NpvAn Thanh Trd 1s'r P'rcs Ngrryen

P tu t ng'l'hil

3ab2.

siii drins sdm c<i : An Giang: lloans

Tam (Chuv6ni'hoai Nioc Hdu Lone XuvEn). Bdn

ciii
'liturih

l) Da sd c5c ban siii thc.o qich thit nhdt.

I'itriu ban giii rdt -oiri. Bln Ng6 llo.ang Qu$ lop 7(' truong
Ha NQi Arriterdam d5 gidi drtrlc Mng 3 c:ich.
2) Clc ban sau dAy co loi giii dfng vi gon
'l'h6i
I lda Binh : L Trilng Thaih, 8'l' C6uycn Lac s(tn :
Nguy6n zVu-thdi Hba,9'l'NTthirnh ph6.An N-am 9,A. truong
cdi Ii trung tam S6ng Cdng; Phri'[ho , Nguyin Vitr l'huong
9fi TIICS ehuyen Tam'l'hanh ; BEc Ninh : llod.ng tung,.9'l'
Tiy : Bdi IIuy Thign. 217 tO l(, l'hrritng
NK Tin Scln ;
Xu6n Khanh, thi xi Sdn'12y. Luu-tiin D*c.8B ()huyen LIng

t6 mdu n6u tr6n ld m6t giAi dep cdn tim.

Nhfn x6t. Co l0 ban gidi bdi nay trong sti do c6 mOt
han

+ b3

(u'

i"')'

: kil-(vi ArAlcaq-da- DAL-< DAB-f BAI

= DCB + CAI = ICA + CAI = DIA). Nhu

virv. CI = CD - DI = CD - DA. me DA kd
tr6ii Cf dat
max khi vir chi khi CD dat max
t q na"g '2R hay C ln didm chinh gitia cung
AB de cho. Khi dci
OtOz= CI :2R - R{, = R(2 -rt[).
Nhan x6t. Cd 119 bai gi6;i, tdt cA ddu giAi
dring t_uy rang ldi giAi cbn hoac dii dbng hoac
qud.

vin tit.

Ldi gi6i t6t gdm cri

I)AN(i I IilN<; lttAN<'

QuansVinh (9'f PTCS V0 Thrt);'D6II6ng QuAn (8AzChuyn

thi xa) : Phti YGn : Phan l.ons Yn Anh (9A - Chuyn LUdng
Ven (hanh, Thi xa Tuy Hda) Thanh II6i : Nguyin Th! Quyei
(9T PT'tll t-am Sonj;Nam Dinh : Dodn Qu! Hi6u (8't
PTCS t'rdn Deng Ninh) ; IIi TAy : Hodng Minh Ilodng (9ts
Chuv6n Uns Hoa) : HA N6i : Nfltven Thd Nam (8CT Chuv6n
'frr I'-iem) ;-IT-Hu6 , Huynh"Cbng Phudc (91 Nguycn Tri
Phudnc) : Dbng Nai : Phqrn Neoc IIuy (9T Nzuvn Binh
Khiem'_ Bicn Hoa; ; Quing Nim , Dini Bd Khiong (9A
Ngr.ryCn Flien

Biri tor{n nAv drJ(tc khA nhiiu ban thanr

han cti lcli giii tdt. .Ma)l s(i
San"eidi ho6c"d2ri dong, hoic chua chdt ch6 h<>4c lhm tiit nhietr
brlcrc: Cec ban sau dAi co lcri eidi tuonc da;i r6t: ['e Anh Vinlt
l'uin,4ah l0 I'l'NK
8Ar Giinc Vo. ga 6intr, IIi'Noi, LZ'l'urtng.-Vinh
I'hti. /.,'
Thdi Nstly"1n, L,e Thd 'fhdnh l l U Vinh
l)uy Dl1i l2'f t-am Son, I'hanh ll6a.-Npyan l. I.uc lll.'
PfNK- DI IQG TP I Id Chi Minh. Nprvin I)*c Ilanh llA Or\
I-oa - D6ng Anh, Hi NQi.

eiii ;hune chi c<i mdt sti it

Neh6 An : Hodns Minh Phric (98 - Nghi Lin Nghi LQc).

rhan Vai Anh OA freng khidu duln! t-ilu)_, IHi I'!n1S''
Trhn'l'runpHiiu rgDz PTCS l-acVi6n. Q.Neo Quyen): Quang
Binh : Ddns ThiTd Nhu (eT;l"HCS Ilii Dinh) ; Thdi Binh :
LA Thdnh C6ng 198 Pham Huy Qleng -- D6ng Hrrng), Li

Nhin x6t.

sia

DiQn BAn).i.

oANc vtEN

Bai T6/239. Chung minh'rd.ng ndu m\t

n s6 hq.ng (n > 3) lit. cd.c s6
tu nhidn phdn bit uit cong bQi cung ld. m.Qt
sd ttt nhien thi tdng cia tdt cd. n s6 hang d6
kh6ng thd ld liry thila crta 5..
Ldi giai : (DUa tr6n y cria c6c ban Ng6
cd.p sd nhd.n c6

Anh Tudn 10CT DHSP Vinh, PhingDrlc Tudn

llCT Hai Duong vi Trdn

Chi Hda PTNK

Qudng Binh)
GiA srl c<i ddy sd tu nhi6n
&, ee, ..., en - \a (g > 1, n z 3,

>-

mdn ddng thrlc

a *qa +... + en-la = 5'. Suy ra

l)

th6a

@^

+r)

g^ : 1 (mod5) vd q* = -1 (mod5).
v6 li
ii) Gie srl z = 2m. * 1. Tt (1) suy ra
qn = L (mod5). R6 rDrng q * 0, -1 (mod5). Ndu
q : +2 (mod5) "*
: +2!'= +2.4n: +2(-l)^ : +2 (mod5).
en

abc
*2 cda *2 ' dab +2
* oo"d1
*z< I + abcd +2'
l--L-a

Ldi Siai.

- lZAt [rl]'ll Lcl Quv D6n. Di NAns)

1") D6'giAi bdi da ra ta sE giii
Bhi to6n I z Cho n N, n > 7. Cho sd
thqc a > 0 uit cho n sd thtlc a,a2,...,an
.
[0, 1]. Ch,tng m.inh rd.ng.'
:

al

-!
aaq
((qs)t-1+...+gs+1)=ddo
q-l =g.
'
Mpt khric
5
//^
g'-1=
- r ((q-1)+l)s-1
=(q-t;4+S1q-t;3
q-1
q-l
+ 10(q - 1)2 + 10(q - 1) + 5: 5mikhongchia
hdt cho 25. Yery z = | +q = 1. VO li. Bei
:

torin drrqc chrlng minh.

a2a3...ar,

+>
u a, ,,.4

i-tai+r"'an*a
n-L-a
<1+ ataz ...a, + a . ( 1)
alaz...a, _, I a
H6i dd.u u=" xd,y ra khi ud. chi khi nd.o ?
Ldi giAi : Ki hiQu v6 trdi cria (1) la .F'. Khi
dd, tt epa2,...,a, e [0, tr] vd a ) 0, suy ra
an

2",

ai

i=l
(2)
,F'<
*a
*
araz
o
"'an
"'an
Pz
i?f
Hdn n(ta, tt o1, a2t ..., an e [0, 1] ta cdn
cci

(l - oi*
Suy

r)(1
n-l

- a1az...a,)

>-

0,

Vi = l, n - |

ra' ) tt - ai + )(1 - araz... o) > o

i=l
n-l

*n-1 ->ai+r*
j=
I

n-l

+)
l:l

IIdi

Suyran=5k.

o5k
,15 -r.
iii)Tacrij q-l-l. =/j-\
\c-1l

Gia lloung Tuttg 9C'l' fructng NK t'ien

OhuyCn
Sdn, Bic Nintr ; Ngayfn Mqnh Thdtrg itA T-nldng
'l'hdi Tho '
Thach Thdt. Hb Tiy : Ddng, Duc Hanh. Nguyn
Ngot:
Ngtq'tn
11T, 12T P'l-II,l l'}hln BOi eheu. NghQ f'n ; v:a

Y4y

Vo ly. Y4y q: 1 (mod5). Khi dd

1 +q + ... I qn - 1 : n (mod5).

bad.

(1)
1*q+ .+{-r-il
i) Ta thdy n phhi ln sd 16. Thit viy n6u
n = 2m thi tt (1)

b,:++=+:
(#)
q-L
q'

4 l. Ching

B,di T71239 z Cho 0 4 a,b, c, d

minh rd.ng

@rar...aiai + t

- ato2...a) .- O

n-l

n -1 - > ai * t * (apz... an i:r

a
oLoi<
t:

Tt

F<

/?

ar) >

- I *arar...an

(3)

(2) va (3) ta drrgc

n -1*ata2...a,t

_I.L-

n-l-a

aLaz...an 4 a -' ' ,ror"'a,,*a

(Dpcm). Ddu "=" d b.d.t. tr6n xAy ra <+ddu

n-" x6y ra ddng thdi 6 (2) ve ($) <+ honc

ai= I Yi = En hoic trong n s6 a1,a2t...tan
cd mQt s6 bang 0 vd (n - 1) s6 cdn l4i cirng
bing 1.
2") Bai da ra li trtldng hgp d4c biQt cta
Bd,i toan l, khi n = 4 vd. q, = 2.

k
fr = man - v1im N*. Tuynhi6n, chrlngminh
dua ra kh6ng chnt ch6 vd thidu
do ban Duy
chinh xric. "
, 50) Khi coi cdr ut! trdi F, F' F, cila cd.c
b.d.t. (1), (4), (5) lir. cd.c bidu thilc crta cd.c bidn
s6 a 1, a2, ..., an, cd.c b an dd dir,n'g tim du qc mdxF,
NhQn x6t. 10) GiA sit c6 cdc sd thgc drrong
maxF, , maxE, nhd hdt qud. cia cd.c Bd.i tod.n
vi
v6i m6i , = l,i
s val P. Chgn a =+-,
7, 2, 3'
p
60) Nhi6u ban (trong s6 c6c ban gti Ldi
b;
giai t6i TS) c<i nhQn xdt rdng Bdi T712,39 vir
dgt a, = 2.. Khi dd, Vi : L,n:o, C [0, 1] ++ Bdi T71235 li "hai anh em sinh d6i". Chring
6j [0, F] Oo vAy, ta cbn cci thd ph6t bidu tdi cring c<f nhQn x6t nhrr th6 khi cAn nh5c,
lrra chqn c6c bAi to6n cho muc "D6 ra ki niy"
Bdi tod.n J dudi dang :
chi TH & TT s6 thang 5ll9g7.Yd',
Biri to6n 2 : Cho n N, n > 7. Cho cdc cira td'T4p
quyrdt
dinh srl drlng "ngudi anh em" cira
bang
p
s6 thtlc duong q, ud. cho ru s6 th4c b, [0,
Bdi T7 1235, chring t6i mudn "tung ra" "m6t
fi1, i = I,n. Chung minh rdrug :
trdi t5o" nham kich thich sdc ban hgc sinh
bt
bz
tidp tgc khai th6c, phSt tridn cric kdt qu6, mi
+... +
caC ban d6 dat drlgc qua viQc giAi BdiT7l235.
bzbz ...bn * q b. ... bnb, * q
(Xem TH & TT s6 5(239)/1997).
M1t sd bgn, xudt phd.t til nhQn xdt khdng
chinh xac, rd.ng hai Biti tod.n nu trn ld. m|t,
'bPr-'b;;+q
dd. di ddn nhQn xdt sai, riing Liti gidi cila Biti
771235 (nhu'da trini baf d TFI &. TT sd
(4)
5(239)11997) e6 thitiu s6t lit. chua chi ra hdt
cd.c khd nang dd.n tdi dd,u il-tr d b.d.t.
Hdi ddu ":" xd.y ra khi ud. chi khi nda ?
3 * abcd

.u'-

.#f.*#W}
(llc

PTTH T0 Ky- Hii Drrong)

Nguyn Duy Hifu
Quing
Nam), Ir'odzg Trung Tuy(n (12A PTTII HA Trung Thanh
H6a) vi Pham Vdn Tlinh dA _ndj ra bdt (1). nhung kh6ng
cho chttng minh cu th6. Ban Db Nggc Dric QH 1'FICS Tnlng
Vudng Ha NQi) d5 neu ra vA chilng minh.ddng b.d.t. (4),
nhung kh6ng chi rz duoc cdc khd nlng dAn tcti dar ":" d Mt
d6.
2?)Cilcb?fi|Le van fiai

NguyAn Vdn Doan

(lZAt THCB

3o1 CAc

banHd Vdn Dqt, NguyEn Huy Vn (g'f Pl-tH Phan

BQi Chau
Nghe An) : Nguy I.A Giang (88 PTNK Nghia
Dan NghQ An): L Ngpc Hbng Vil (lLT PTNK HA Tinh) ;
V_o Anh Tudn
111Ar THCB sd I QuAng Trach - Quirng Binh) ;
Dinl Trung llidu (8A PhU Bni, Huohg Thiry ThrE Thien
Hu) ; Trin Quan'g Minh
PTTII Sio-Nam Quine
Nam) : Ld Vdn II6a (l0CT'DIIKFI l:tud) ; Ddm Manh Tudi
(9T l-am Son - Thanh Hoa) : Va Dtc Nghia (8A THCS D6ng
Cttong - Thanh Hoa) i I:e Ctu Vuong (\2As 't't ICB Dlo Du!
Vdn Tudn (9T PTNK Tam [)ifp:
fu Tlanh Hga) ; lVlnh
Ninh tsinh) ; Phan Vdn lldi (l2T -'PTTtl Ncuvn Trdi Lle Nq!) l NguynQuynh IIoa (9T PTNK I-lai Ou6n'g; ; Nguyin
Thl Minh Hodns (llA P'rrli Ns6 Si Lien
BiCGianej vn
mpt b4n kh6ng ro'ten da d mdi vA chrtng minh m6r sdbdr
ding thfic kh6l qu6t hdn Mr cta bAi dE rf, nhung lai lA c6c
trudns hdD rins cua b.d.t. (l\.
+u) Bai t56n sau
mOt khdi qudt h6a c:iua

(llA

Btti toan 1

ti

Biri to6n 3. Cho n, h eN ; z > k > 1

n i h. Cho cac s6 thqc dgang a, B uit. cho
n sd thuc o, [0, al, i: l,n.Chtng ntinh
uit.

rd,ng :
alaz.... ak

a2a3 ... ak

+|
r-r
r
ak+t...an*F ak+z...anat+8 "' '
arrar"'ak-r_

*;)71n

Bii

4 b4n cho Ldi giii sai do,

mic phAi sol ld.m. co bd.n
0<r<y uit. O<u<u suy ra

chri y6u, cdc ban da

sau: "ft)
* l" ( ? !). Cd 5 b4n khric cho ldi giai thidu
1
UU

chinh xdc do hoac chrra x6t hdt cac trttdng

hop cri thd xAy ra d6i vdi a, b, c, d hoec dA
mic phAi sai ld.m co bd,n sau : "Do A < B
nan : A < Cc+8 < C". ( ? !). R|rit nhi6u ban
honc khOng d6 cAp t6i cl.c trrrdng hgp xAy i.a
ddu "=" d b.d.t. cdn chrlng minh, hoac cd dd
c&p tdi nhrrng cdc kdt lu6n drra ra ho6c sai
ho6c
thi6u chinh xric.
'Ngodi
c6c ban dd n6u t6n d cric phdn tr6n,
q5c ban sau dAy dE cho Ldi giai t6t hon cA :

Li6u : LuongThd NhZn (8A PT1'H Chuydn). IICM

Duy KiQt (llAt PT'I'H Le Quy D6n
Qu{n 3). DIk
Dnilg -l'ud
(lt'|.
lkk , Le Dinh Dinh, L Trong Wnh.'Mai T'hanh
n
l2'f Trudne Chuven Nzuv6n Du). Dir I'at : 'fruttnt! Arth
(12'r PT'|H rnahg I-ofigj. Dbn( Nai , Lc-Khdc tiii,nn
PTTH 'fh6ns Nndi at. Binh l\inh , Nswirt Dirth hnn ittAt
R-?c

Ngyin

lter

PTTH NzuyEn'fran'- IIoAi iqnon;."Ouqng Ngii , Phnng

Minh Tudn (l1A P'I-TH Lc Khidt). Di NIng : NguvAn'[dn
Hdi (lIAt PTTII IIoins Iloa Thdm), LA Doan Cudng (llAt
PlTi-{ Le QuV D6n). llru : Trbn Nhu guang ( 10CT Quric
hec Hue). IIi- 'I'inh' : Nguyin Trpng Ilidu (8'f l'l'NK I haclr

llA\;

Vo Si Nam, Thdi Son Quang (l0Ar TIICI] MinJt Khai

Thq). NghQ An : llb si l.iih lxom t l)ien An Din Chau) : Trdn Nam Dung, Nguy_n Ngoc Hd (l lT P'f l_FI
Oi.rc

l'han IlQi Chdu). 'fhanh lldn : Di Murth ('uirrtg, Ngtvtrt

Dric ThuQn (7TNu, 8TN PI'NK Bim Sctn; ; Pizun l'hi Nhung
(9T PTNK Nga Sdn) ; ('ao Xudrt Sinh, Mai fhi llu'tn, Mai
Anh Thdng (10A. llAr. l2Az'tllCB Ba Dinh - Nga Sdn)
Nwvin Sdn'Hdi, LA Xudn Truns (9T, 10T Iam Sct-n). Nl'nr
Dinh , Ngrydz 'l'rung Qudn, Hoiiig'Dinh l'udn 18'l'.9'i PTNK
Y yen) ; N#yin Trung Dimg, (9L THCS l'rdn Drng Ninh).
Th6i Binh : Biti Thanh llnng 1t2N P'l'Ill Le Quti I)6n).
IIi TAv : NzuvAn Manh Thudni (9A 'l'nlctne Chuven l hach
:

(5)

I
a1dz...an + pt
u="
xdA ra hhi uit. chi khi nd,o ?
H6i dd.u
Ban Nguydn Hir Duy (10A PTTH Nguy6n
HuQ - Ha Tey) da dd xudt vA chrlng minh
mQt tnrdng hop ri6ng cria

70) Trong tdng sd 369 ban ggi Ldi giai Bai

T71239' cho TS, cci

ak...an-t*F *
-k
* ok L(n - k)o" - hpl

r<ou"o*rll)

torin 3, khi

THCS GiEng vi;). Nsuian

fi,erj. Ha trrOi : La inh inn dni
IId (8Ar THCS Nzuvn 'tnl<ine T0). Bi-c Giang : V-ii
Duy Tudi (l2A PTTI{ ltgo si Lien). Vihh Phric : N3xr)fn

Dlnh'

5
,

'I'runx l.dp

Anh-Tudn l1A, Chuyen I)ll!.1' Vinh. Thanh

Lam S(,n ; Hodrr8 I rung'lit(n l2A.
IIa 'lrunp. l'hri Tho : N*rtvin Minh I'huong. llA. (lhuvCn
11A vir Ng6

Vrnh'l'tJdng).
l'tJdng).
(98 Yena Lac),
I'hU (lOE
( lOE Vinh
Lac), Coo Thd T'hu

-l'udn'Anh
(llAA
Ngayi n Kim 56 (ll
loa), N,cryin
Iq I loa).
I'hriThd , Npyin-l'udn'Anh (l [a
P'l-l I I 'fhanh Ba), Vu Manh Hung (11B PTTI

lldn : I.;t'ihr, I)iirt t2'l'.

I Hirng Vuong

t(i"i s,i, IlA. I'hanh'lla. Itir Niri:

I)wrng vi{t
ll(. c6 loa, D6nq Anh ; 'trung.
ltt\.
lii)is. l2A. VAn N6i. D6ne-ciaAnh vi l'Eury IIdi
Ha NOi. I|ic (iiang : Ngtnrrrt
I)l Ii<i ITN. Dai I krc i)u6c
'fidn Manh, ia D'uv T'udnl t2x. Nrng khielu Ng6 Si l.icn.
('hi

iit""'Vu?n,,

Npy?n Qu6c Huy (llAr,

D*c, Nguyi?n
I.e Minh Dic,
l'ri). Yn B6i : 1.0
-- vier prru
rudn Anh (10K8
r i P1TH Chuyn).
chrrv6n) Th6i
Thdi Nguy6n
Npuv6n : Vil Tudn
Ir rlAr
(llA
l_11
Thdnh ((llAr
llAr I'TTH
xuan ThAnh
ou6is Ninh : l. XuAn
PTTHNK). Quriic
fTTH t{a

IIii Pthbng', Trhn vdn IId (9D:1HCS Iac Vien), Ld

Vdn"fhanh (itBr TI ICS Ngf) Quydn). Lrong Vir Cudng (9Ar
(7T 11
van
Chu Vrn
Hip (71
lltcs
ICS Uhu
Phu:n l)uc
D*Z H,Cp
llanc). Phun
]'llcs H6ns
]'llCS
Hdns llans.\.
Phun Tulint,
trlint, Yhu,,nr
Yhu,,nx ( ttlA2
lA2 P'fi'H' l'hrii Phicn) ;: Plrcrn
An\. Phan
tttbncHidu, DodnMathl Ii, DdngAnhTudn (llT,I0't PT-[H
van
ung (llA
lH VIn
Y6n jlr.alg
Duong Msnh IIilng
Hung Yen
trdn
Pnu). {ung
lllA PrII-I'H
1rd1 i'1r9,
fing
Cdnh'tung,
Tru.ong Cdnh
Iem). II6i Du'ans : I-6 Miih llodns, Truong
(), DHQG IIi
phnis D*c Tudn (e-r,
(8-f . l0Ar.
Ild NQi
lti
Noi :
I rT
lT PTNK).
Phiis
!{Qi,
-i
'N
Dl ISP
otlKlirN). +)IISP
rii ng (ioi'\.DIIKIITN).
i;,;?,;M;;i' t i A
D-tng 1l0t\.
Vihh
Vinh , Nsuyin
Nsuvin Vdn D*c, Ngb Anh Tudn, l.A ViQt l\ung
1lOL.
lrn: PTal). DIIQG TP-IICM : L Quang Ndnt (t2C'.t
I.onq).

lloailg' Nrng khieir

Ouins Rinh :'l'rii Dtic't'huan,'tiin
ChuyCn [.C Q-uv [)irn.
rinh. $h Ndng : /'/ram Anh lluv. l2Ar.
-l:tr6ng
irlnar n. 1]'. IIit
iibiis Nai , i.o Kna, tluinh. [t'ir.

ChiAlinh : t-t'thi
Ninh Binh :

x2o00

+ a,xte99 + ... + @rooor * Irnnn c6 2000 nghiQnt

th1b hhrc nhau ud iirrqs =-1995, arno, : 1997.

Ching minh rilng lb,no^l > 1996:

Ldi gi6i. (cria da sdbric ban). Do da thfc

f(x) co 2O00 nghiOm thuc, phin bi6t n6n theo
Dinh Ii Rolle, thi f'(x) c6 1999 nghiOm thuc
phin bi6t. Trrong tu, f"(x) c61998 nghiQm ph6n
bi6t vi f"'(x) c6 1997 nghi6qllhan bict. Ma
f"'(x) : 2000.1999.1998rr"' + ... +

f,fl$-l,-si|3;'2-' s 2 teeT *

atee.lttt

(i )

BAG

o n6n

+24arnnrglee6 + 60arnn r199s + ... * br

cring cci 1997 nghiOm phdn bi6t, giA sit d<i ln

te\7'
\,:
.L't
i:l

2brrro
furrn,

li Vidt thi

s-- _ E60 o,r*

, -, i:#,;
"t,q?
Ap duig bdt ding thfc C6si, ta duoc
,
,,
\ 6.oes.tI
>

2>*{i:2

,'3'
t:r

60.

gl6cAEG cridudngcao
EIl bang nita canh d6y
tuong fng AG non
dudng trung tuydn

,E

MG =
;oG ) l6n hon ,AG, suy ra
AEG < 90o (d.p.c.m).
Ldi giai 2. (Le Trsng Vinh, 11T, uir Mai.
Thanh Dung, 12T, truitng chuyan Nguydn Du,
BuOn Ma ThuQt) N6i BD vn CG"4qLK la4*ro
didm cria BD vir CG. Ta dtqc CDB * CGA
= 45o va-do-dd KFDG li m6t.trl giric n6i tidp.
Suy ra KFD = 90o vA L FDK vu6ng c6n d
I.'. Do -d6; OAE = FEK (cgc) va tt dd ta
d,,tqc-A&K :-901. Cudi cnng;vi- K -+QG1,
nan CEK < CEG vi do dd AEG < AEK =

,2

orr*

90o. d.n.c,m.

Nh4n xet. Ftdt nhi6u ban d6 chrlng minh

kdt qui tdng qudt sau dAy': N6u da tittc f(x)
; oo''n * o) crj

;,1dfr3-.,11"''rilui"#r,'rh2i

,2n
ai-t>
r-1an'an-2

Tt dd dd cho nhi6u su khpi qurit hria cira

bdi todn di cho.
Cric ban sau d6y cri ldi giAi t6t :

Daklak : Le 'I'hd Thdn, Vil IIdi Dbng, L Dinh Binh,

ll'1'va Mai'fhanh Dins l2T. Chuvn Nzuv6n Du, BuOn Ma

IIii Phbng : Lli'an Uanh tla" pndn'Ouongllidu.ll].'

Lia t)uy IlunxlL Tin, Nrns Khi6r l'rAn Phrl.-NghQ An
'l-hp
Nari Dang, Ding D*c lTqnh l|'f vi Nguy6-n Thdi
Trkn -Inldng
Ph;n BOiChau ; l-t Hbng'ttd" NgtyAn Vdn Tdng
i2'i',

'l'huQt.

Li. Le I l6ng l'hong.

.11
W=

,=iftiobz,_ o'atee1
= lor,r.r,,l , ,r,15 .atsgs.at,)gj > 2231 > 1996.

vi

'l <lan

(:90" - O,FA),

EM phdt xudt tt

2hrnnu

ll

3.

'ltiy. Nam Dinh

A
ra :
HEF - GAB vn
dodd:
EHEFlL. /-.<
-.:::: -.:: = iam
AG- AB- Z Latt .' htI<ir+++_,1,
---\

suy

6arnn x)es. +

xr, xt,..., r,.or. Theo Dinh

I.c Quv D6n. Quirn

da thrlc

g(x)

lt,

Chau,'l.u<tng V:rn

BAi T9/239. Cho dudng trbn td'nt O, ban

hinh R ud hai dudng kinh uu|ng g6c AB uit
CD. Trn hai bd.n kinh OC uit OD liin luat
td.v hai didm E uir F sao cho EF = R, AF keo
adi cdt dudng tritn d G. Chung ntinh rd.ng
AEG ld nl|t tam gid.c nhgn.
Ldi gini f . (Dtta theo Nguy6n Qui'nh Hoa.
9T, PTNK Hai Drrong vA m6t sO ban).
h6t -d0 thdy{Ang
=-T+gdc
EEA < EEA: OEA < 90"
EAG < CAG < CAD :9O".
Vi *,0y, dd chrlng minh taru-.giac AEG lit
nhon, ta-chi cdn chilng minh AEG <-.9O:.
---<-Dgng EH J-A-G : H, ta duoc : HEF =

NGUYEN KIIAC MINII

il

Rini Xuvdn.

lidi

N(;iJYi.]N VNN MA(I

P.INK).

B4if8/239. Bidt rd.ng d.a thtc f(x) =

Vu

Ngtyin Tntitng Giang,

ri

Yi,

Nflrybn

Nru#n D*i Ma;h-.

Ntran x6t. 1") NgoAi hai ldi gi6i trn dAy

chi str dung kidn thrlc l6p 9, nhi6u ban kh6c
cho ldi giAi dua tr6n tinh torin (hoac sti dung
dinh Ii f,nm q6 cosin dd chtlng minh ring A-E'
+'EG2 > AG2, hoac nhrr hai bin Lo MinliDrlc,
11A,, Y6n Briivn Nguy6n Kim Sd, 11A, PTTH
Thaiih Ba, Ph-ri lho srl dung vdcto chr.lng minh

^
cosAEG

-^
EAEG
> 0 suy ra AEG < 90").

="ffi

2") Nhi6u ban c<i nh6n:g6t drlng rang: Tam

AEG cri thd IA vu6ng A E khi E = C (ltic
iic; f : O), vi viy trong ddu bdi phAi chi rd
E eIOC),8 * O,E * C,F g-lOD], nhrrng
gtdc

F*O,F*D.

3o) C6c ban sau d6y cci ldi giei tdt (ng5n
ban da n6u t6n d tr6n :
son)
-if hon cA. nsodi c6c'filng,

'-

a NOi , Nsuv{n Thanh

0C DHKF ITN

DHQG

Ntuvin Dinh vinh tte DHSP -- DHQG ; llguyAn Dinh Hd.

gXiNsuvcn Trudns T6, ani Lt Na,8C- BEc Ninh : Hodttg

Itii Duolg

: Trhn Quang Dal -loT H.D.

Ngoc Thanfr tlB. llrantr- S.qr, IIi Tinh :
Va Si Nim,l"0Ar, 'niaB Minh Khai. Thanh Hoa : Mai lht
in,, Sann 8A Ns; llAi. Nea Sdn;Le Ngoc Tinh l0A, Ilodng

{tTien

runs

Son.

ptifi ftrq iNsrran

Hoz - Cao Xudn"Sinh llAha Dinh Nea San ; Trhn Nam 7'run9.
qif.
Son : Nenvdn Hui Vu 9T, PhTn tsOi Chau. NghQ An :
Trhn Nam Dung, t if. va bfug Drzc Hwh,ll't Phan Boi Chau.
pnti yen , PhZn Lonx Yen Xnh,gA Ludng Van Ch5nh. IIic
Truons xuan Nghicit, trT Nguy6n Du
uai ijais
"E Nhi, se.
Chuycn Bqc Litt
Bgc Li6u : TruonlYn

L-

Li ,-ii

rfrrl

NGUYEN OANC PHAT'

BAi Tf 0/239. Tim dibu hiQn cd'n ud di

ub

hinh hQp ABCD.A'B'C'D' dd hai ttl diQn

AB'CD''ii, A'BC'D nQi tidp hinh hQp d6, c6

cilne tdnl. hinh cd.u n\i tidP.

Lai giai. Goi o lir tam liinh hQp (giao didm
cria b6ri drrdng ch6o AC', BD', CA' vd DB',
d6ng thdi congTd trung didm chung cria chtng).
Thd
thi ph6p
nh6o d6i xfng
xfne
Thdthi
tAm O bi6n hinh hqp
A
D
ABCD.A'B'C D'thdnh A -;-m
chinh nci, troSg_dd g6c B
dinh A, B, C, D theo thf trl biSn thdnh cric
dinh C', D', A', B' ; do
d<i

bidn

titdi6nAB'cD'

thdnh trl di6n C'DA'B.

Vi nhtt vAy, ph6p ddi
xrlng tdm O crlng bi6"n
E'
tAm 1, hinh cdu n6i
fidp AB'CD' thanh tam 1, hinh cdu n6i tidp
A'BC'D. Tr) dd suy rd :

I, = I" <+1, : /, : O(1)

$at.t h-a", ttri -ui4 ring cdc trgng t6m. G,
vd G, cia hai trl din niy trring nhau vd trin$
vdi t6m O cria hinh hdp i G, : G, = O (mQt
quA quen thu6c, hdy chrlng mlnh l).(2)
kdt
TII (1) vd (2) suy ra

=d;

Ii:*

6Aifr

nduABCD.A'B'C'0'la mOt hinh hQp chtl nh4t

trl diQn AB'1D' vir A'BG'D li gdn d6u,
Itri
"a"
dcj
I, = G, = O vir Ir= Gr= O ; suY
vir do

ra:L:l.(:0).
Ndan f6t.

1o) Ldi giai tren day sit d:,rng

bidn hinh vi v6ctd ltldi giAi ng6n gqn hon
cA. Tuv nhi6n, rdt d6ng tidc, cri mOt s6 ban
chrlns"minh lihone cdn than, ldp ludn thidu
3tc voi vdng II6t luan c:ic tf aicn AB'CD'
"tiat
ui',q'nc'ri phni Ia tf di6n ddu vd hinh hop la
ldp phrtone ! ! I
hinh
---L6
fi-ktio"g sfi d\rng v6ctdz b?n N-guvendua
Lrrc, i1T, DtrQG the;h plrd H6 chi Minh
ddu
., "h,lns min[ A-B'CD']a tf dion gdn tim
gon. nhrJ sau. Vi O li trong
crlns nsXn
cria"trl "aicn"iui'Co' n6n ta c6 : u(OAB'C| :
u(OB'CD') : u(OCD'A) = u(OD'AB')'
Lai vi O: 1,, md.I, cdch ddu cdc mat cta
trl di'6n AB'CD'J n6n :'s(AB'C) = s(B'CD') =
s(CDA) = s(D'AB') vi do dci, trt din AB'CD' cri
cric mat tudng drrong, Id mOt trl di6n g4n.d6u'
3") ilic ban ilu dav cE'toi eiAi i(it hdn ci , T=P. Ilb chi
Minh': Ne&vdn L l.ui: Tri Vinh : NguvAn L4nh'lrd. llA'
i.rr. .n"u"eti , Quini llinh : rr)n Dtii l'lufin vA'lrht ('lti
cA

l/da ; Ndhe An-: Ngi4 Anh Tudn. lon. P'tc'f. I)l[Sl'Vinh

Th;"li H6i , Ng,ryiivdnQuang.l0T. [-am Son; llii l'hbng
Doin Manh lla llc'l' 1rf,n PhLi.
NGUYF]N OANT;

-oB',

--+
--r ---> +
OA+OB'+OC+OD'=O(4)
Vi ba v6ctd OB',OC vd OD' khong ddng
phing, n6n tit (4) vd (4) ta drrgc: sr :82.^:
;" =;; vi do d<i, AB'CD'lir m6t tu Aieru EAn
teu tlfrqt kdt qua quen thu6c nta, hay "tt{rg
minh !). Vn nliu vdy, citc canh ddi diQn b!19
nhau : AC = B'D;,- AB' - CD,, AD, = CB,,

PI

'

Ti'T

Bai Lfi239. Thanh ddi AB gbm 2 m6'u

dbng chtit c6 dQ diti nhu nhau (AlI = HB)
u1ilrgng tuqng P ud. 2P..Hai dd.u cu6.i $, p
c{ta thaih budc 2 soi chi OA = OB ; O lit.
d.idm. treo. Khi cd.n bilng thanh AB tao udi
phuong nam ngang m1t goc bao nhiAu ?

AB=OA:OB=a.

Hu6ng ddn gini. Gqi G

thanh AB, ta cd

v4 1.,= G"=O
Ngohi ra,'cci thd chfng minh rang'mQt t-rl di6n
ccitrong tAm tring vdi tAm hinh cdu n6i tidp
Ii m6t tf di6n gdn ddu (vi ngrrdc lai). (Day
crlng ld m6t kdt quA quen thuQc nta, hay chrlng
minh !). Tuy nhi6n, d ddy c<i thd chrlng minh
AB'CD'ld tri diQn gdn d6u nhu sau : Goi s,,
s,, s. vi s, ldn luol la diQn tich cdc m4t d6i
dien-v6i cdc dinh A, B', C vd D' ; thd thi ta
cd hd thrlc v6ctd (Bai torin T10/231) :
(3)
s,'O-A + srOB'+srOD +soOD'
(vi O ld tAm hinh cdu nQi ti6p cric trl diQn
AB'CD' vd A'BC'D)
Mat khec, lai vi O lh tAm hinh hop n6n d6
drroc :
dinE
-- chfns minh
hay
= oE +6b = -oD'

I,=I,*1,=G,=O

Tt dd duv ra cdcmdtABCD, ABB'A' vd.ADD'A'

la nhrrni hinh chil nhat vd do dti, hinh hdp
ABCD.rtB'C'D'ld m6t hinh hop chu nhAt.
DAo lai (di6u kiQn dri) crllg dung. Thft vf;y'

AG:

aB
:.P+-a.2P
44

chiu t6c dung cta

g l,i" trong"l,,ic F
' <ia/{ va
lrrc cing

f,

li

trqng tdm cria

$o.

Thanh AB

:3F,

Thanh nim

tt\

cdn bans khi

/
'tl
/r
tt

?,frveTrphaiia

ll!r

tr +f,,"+fz = o
: khi dd 3 luc

/l

phrrong ddng quy

tai O.-Ti*hinh

lr
II

v6

tic6 HOG=a(2

gdcc6 canh tuong

rlng vu6ng gr5c) I

'la

Eo=#:T=*=o,oe6z
+d =

20
5(J30'

Nhfn

x6t. Cac em c6 ldi giii dring vA ngin sgn-: LA

Doay Cubng, 1 lAz P'|TFI chuyqn L"c Qui O"on, TP Di'itl8ng ;
Vu.Kv Nam.9 Li, chuyen Nguien Du, ttii xa Bu6n Ma Thudt,
D_ 6c'L6c i Nguyin {uan rfrdhg I lAz, dho Duy Ttr. Thaih

; Nguy{n'Tdt Tudn. t0Ai, PTTFI HA ItJy Tep, Vinh,

Nghe An ; Trbn Anh Tudn, ttAz, PTI'H chuyir Trh Vinh ;
L? Trbn Th? Duy. 1l Li. chuyn LC Khidr, Quang Ngii;
Duo_ng L Nam. l0Tt, PTTII NIng Khiiu, Ddng H6i, Quing
Binh ; D{. Xudn Than, ltB. p'i'fH dan lap-Chau phong,
M Linh, Phri Thq ; N.pyin Vdn Thudn,l2il, PTTH Nan;
Khieu Ng6 Si LiCn, B5- Giang ; Npyen Trung Dung,9 Li
trudng f idn DAng Ninh. Nam Dinh ; Ngyin eih Tudh LtAt,
P1TH Lc Quy D6n. I-ong An ; Nguyin Quang llung, llCL,
PTNK l{oang Vrn Thg. Hda Binh'., Bili Vdi Thdn-h, ltAt,
PTTH chuy0h YCn B6i : L Hodi An. 11 Li trudns Ludns
Ven ChAnh. Phri Y6n ; Ddo Tidn l,huong. lOF ch-uycn I-i,
PT'l l I chuvCn I Iirns Vuons, Phf Thq ; Phan Db Chhng. tO
-t-rdn
'

\ltu

MAI ANH

B.di L2l23g. Dilng m|t ngubn diau co U

kh1ng ddi, 1 ampe Ee' chinh xd,c c6 diQn trd
R o, 7 udn hd chinh xd.c c6 diQn trd R., dd do
gid tri R cila 1 dian bd.
1) HQy mac ching theo 2 sa db, do d6 c6
4 sd chi cila 2 dbng hb do, thda md.n di cdc
dibu kin :
- Chi cdn bi(it 2 s6 cfui tir. tinh duoc R ;
= Bidt thAm mQt s(i chi nila ld. inh ciuoc R ^
- Bidt thent mOt sd chi cbn lai sC t;nh ru61
duoc R.. uit U.
2) Tinh 4 sd chi d6 hhi R : 2be i Ro
:
A
1Q ;R, : 600Q ;[J = 62,5V.'

TJ,,,

Vi ;R n6n so v6i (5) ta thdy /n,

tRl =

Uvt Uvt
IozR, ,vt :r ,At _- IRt

l)ur=E+R,

Urt, IAt,.In, s6 tinh

sd chi

lrtt - Iez

-f)oc3

drro.c .R,

I.at 'U,z

=Uvr*I,tt'RA= Urr*,^,

uuz:2)4v'

+DQc

In = 2,4A

Nhfln x6t. cac em c5 loi giii d[ng va-gr.tn : Luun{

Minh D*c 9'Ior4n, I')TNK Vinh, Nghe Anl D6-Manh IIiAi.
l0 ToSn l. PTTH chuyen ]-e l-liing I'hong i I'ham Vdn l'ip.
rOC, PT'fiI'\Tnh Bao lkii Phbn! ; Phfun l.t Nirth. e l'.t.
P'I'NK thi xA BIs Gialg; NguyEn-Trung Dung 9 [.i. truong
Trdn l)dnc Ninh Nam DFrh : Nrulin Vdn'f hudn. l2l]. P'l-l'l-t
Neng khi6.r Ngo Si Licn. Bic 6iang.

MAI ANH

HAY GIAI CAC BAI TOAN

,..

(Tidp theo trang

tr
RR,

Uut

dri 4 sd chi sE tinh drroc t/.

: 6OV ;
__ 2) I^1.1 25A ) Uvr

Hudng a6n giai

RR,

Dec 2 sd chi

"boc_/'66 chi t-Iv2 vi In, s6 tinh duoc Rn

?hti IIA'i Ptrdng.

Li. PTTHI(K

urt

+
x (4) cho R :
r;@
U.., vit /^. sE tfnh drroc R
(3)

11

3.2.

Pq4+Re
RR,U

RRv+RRA+Rfr,A

(1)

RAR,U
Ur2 =

RRv+RRA+RF.A

(2)

.
ir.

_1 : tgBr+ : Bt (0o < p,

fr
45o ). Vdy a + p = a +it = 45"

tgp =
B

Cudi cing, cdn nrji th6m rlng d m6i crich

giAi tr6n ta cbn c<j thd n6u th6m mdt sd ldi
giAi kh6c nta vd khai thric c6c cdch giAi tr6n
ta n6u ra biri torln tdng qu6t sau :
"Cho hinh chtt nhif tao bdi (2nt * 1) x
(2n + 1) (v6i n> rz ) hinh vu6ng bing nhau
x6p k6 nhau nhrl hinh v6 :

(t)

R1

0
Rl
B"
B.r

(1)cno U,r R
(4
u*= 4
Dinh luat

O^!lnz = *n

B:,u

(3)
(4)

tL",*

Chrlng minh
OAn + *

ring

+ I Bn - m + OAZ. + t Bzm + I

n=7,m=0

Bai

45o

torin x6t d tr6n chi la trudng hgp ri6ng

lt

(>'i)
l=

io,u,*
j=r

nnn
r"+y
=,

ofln

RA

I(i N

Dang thrtc xd.y

aibi2

CAC LOP L6P

LOP THCS
B}ri Tli243 : Ching minhrd.ng tbntg.i m.Qt
s6 c6 1997 cht s6 gbm. toQlt _chil s6 1 uit 2 sao
cho sd d6 chia hd{ cho 2ree1.
NGUYEN

(>', ) (>
';
ra khi
khl

-B

NGO DOC MINH

j=t

j=l

rRliN Nau DON6

r. (1?. FId Chi Minh)

B,iri Tll243 : Tim nghiQm nguyn duorug
cila phuong tinh :
xtee4 +yteea _ 46g1a6et (, *y)

(HAi Phbng)

Bai T3/243 z Cho mOt hinh luc gidc dbu.

Tqi m6i .dinh cia tuc gidr c6 mQt Zon chim
dd,u. Vin cilng mQt lrtc, ffit cd sd.u con chinz
dbu bay lAn hh6i ui tri crta minh ; rbi dau d6,
cung yd9 cilng m.6t lic, ching lai dQu x udng
cdc dinh cia luc gid.c (mdi dinh chi co ding
m,6t con chim d,Qu I cdc con chim, khOne nhd.t
thidt ddu xudng ui tri cu cila rninh). entng
minh rang tbn tqi ba con chim sao cho tam

gidr tao bdi cac dinh md chilng dAu ffudc khi

bay ln bd.ng tam giac tgo bdi cdc dinh m.d.
ching ddu xudng.

NGUYEN KHAC MINH

(He Noi)

B,di T41243 z Cho tam gidc ABC, phd.n

gidr trong AD ud. trung tuydn-AM. Dudnfr trdn
ngoqi tidp tam gidc ADM cdt AB, AC ni coc
didm tuong ilng E, F. Goi I ld. trung didm
cia EF u!, N, P llln luot ld giao didm cia
duirng thd.ng MI u6i car duitng thd,ng AB, AC.
Tam gidc ANP ld tam gid.c fi I fii sao ?
HA DOC VUONG

(Hi

I.RAN XUAN DAN(i

(Nam Dlnh)

Biri T81243 z Chtng m.inh:

11
arctg, * arc tg2 * arctgg - arc tg
.I.O

Ncuv6rv oE
(Hii Phdng)

cAc r,6p

Bni

a1

T81243

rnpr

z Cho 2n s6

ta,2,...,a;ibt,bZ,'..rbn

Gid sil

thqc

2 "i * O,j=r
) 6r. * 0 . Chrtng minh rd.ng ta lu6n
j--r
c6 bd.t ddng thtlc :

XUAN I{AI
Drtong)

Hb QUANG VINII
(NghQ

An)

- Bei Tf O/2 43 z Cho dudng trbn td.m O, bdn

hinh 1. DUng hai duitng kinh uuOng goc AB
uit. CD- Mlt didm. M chqy ffAn cung nh6 BD,
hhdng trirng udi B hoec D ; AM cdt DC d E,
CM cdt AB d F. Ching minh rang : OM di
qua trung didm cfia EF khi uit. chi hhi doan
EF c6 d0 dati ngdn nhdt.
DAM VAN NHi
Ghei Binh)

cAc ob vAr r,v

BAd L1l243

z MQt u_Qt co kh6i luong m roi

h ldn mQt dia cdru lb xo c6 dQ cilng
h. Khi dinh uito dia cd.n, uQt m bdt d,d,u thuc
hiA.n dao dQng dibu hba theo phuong thang
dtng (khdi luqng dia cl.n uit. lit xo nh6 hhOng

til

dQ caa

dd.ng hd).
__tfIz_--_

rd,ng

=n

Bai Tgl24g z Cho tant gid,c ABC cd.n d A.

DUng tia Ax sao cho cdr g6c nhi di|n AB ud.
AC cfia tam di2n A(BCx) bd.ng nhau. S lit. ntQt
didm chuydn dQng ffAn fia Ax. Tim qu! tich
tD,m. dudng trbn nQi tidp tam giar SBC.

^
(C

liryh duitng trbn b?ng tidp g6c C cila tam giac

CEB. Tinh bd.n hinh c6.c dubng trbn d6.

Zgg

(Hii

Nam)

Bai T51243 z Cho tam. gid.c uu6ng ABC

= 90o) , phAn gi6c trong CD =,[2 , Trn
canh huybn AB, ld.y didm E sao cho bd.n hinh
dtling tritn n|i tidp tam gid,c CAE bdng bd.n

.:

nnn

o0c rAN

Bldi TZl243 z Gidi phuong trinh

bx + t - 2,@ -;TT = 9r

-+-:-udiVi:7,2,...,tu
2"i ) bi

(T".Hd chi Minh)

,[F+

,ia=ln;

bi
t

cAc oE vA'l'Li
(Ti(iP theo trang 9)

H6i hhi lb xo bi nin mQt doan

m. dqt uQn tdc bao nhiAu ?

3mB

,f

thi uilt

rRuoNG

lHlrk*Ru,3

Bdi LZl243 z Cho m.ach diQn nhu hinh

Cho bidt

uc.

Q,Rt=8e),R2 = 9C),Rz= l2{2,

dbn 6V-6W. 86 qua. diQn trd cia ampe lad A

r:

ud. d.d.y

thuans
Rn ,

dat

ud.

tidu thu ctlc dai. Tin h

amPe kd A.

cO.ng sud.t

E uir sd chi iila

LAI T116 UIEN

ndi. Dibu'chinh Ru dd d\n sd'ig binh

(Ha Noi)

FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

TSl24g. I*t be giuen 2n real nuntbers
al , a2 t .,. t an , b l, bz, ". , bn satisfying the

nn

cond,itions

problellllinthisissue

*9
Zoi * O,)0,
j:L

j:r

Proue the

inequality.

2"iui
j=r

FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Tll243 Proue that there exists a 1997 dieit number, with digits 1 and 2, such that

itls

diuisible by 2tee1T1243 Solue the equation :

W+s.+t -2,@ -x+t = 9r -B

giuen a regular hexagon, at
'131243
I*t

be

'1\2,",t !?,',)

and proue that equality occurs wh.en and only

when
ai

,+,

2"i

bi

Zui
of which is sitting a bird. At a j=1
j:1
ntontent, these six birds fly up and after a
certain tim.e, they again sit down on these
T17243, Find positiue integersolutions of

each uertex
uertices (a

bird at each uertex, not necessarily

the ancient). Proue that there exist three birds

such that the two triangles formed by the

uertices on which they are sitting before and
after flying are equal.
T41243 Let be giuen a triangle ABC, its
angled-bisector AD and its m.edian AM. The
circum,circle of the triangle ADM cuts AB and
AC respectiuely at E and F. Let I be the ntidpoint
of EF and let N, P be respectiuely the points
of intersection of the line MI with AB, AC.
Which triangle is ANP ? and why is it ?
Let be giuen a right triangle ABC
^T51243
angled.-bisector CD = t[2 . On
with
(C = 90")
its hypothenuse AB, tahe the point E such that
the radius of the incircle of the triangle CAE
is equal to the ra.dius of the escribed circle in
the angle C of the triangle CEB. Catculate the
radius of these circles.

l0

the equation ' xtee4 + yte94

TBl24g Proue :

11
-l
t + arc tgZ arc tg3 '

46gl46et (x + y)

= ,,
Tgl243. Let be giuen and isosceles triangle
ABC (AB = AC). Ax is a ray such that the
dihedrat angles with sides AB and AC are
equal. S is a mouing point on. the ray Ax. Find
the locus of the centers of the incircles of the
triangles SBC.
T1O1243. Let be giuen a circle with certter
O and radius 1 and its two perpendicular
diameters AB and CD. A point M moues on
the sm.all aic BD (M * B, D), AM cuts CD at
E, CM cuts AB at F. Proue that OM passes
through the midpoint of EF when and only
when the segm,ent EF attains its least ualue.
4arc tg

arc

t8

Zgg

C,+U CHUTEN {if;

.$O TIGUTETI

TO

N(iuYEN rliru Vrtit'

r rr.JNCi

(He Noi)

Bdt ctl m6t hoc sinh trung hoc phd th6ng

niro cong bict dinh nghia cta sd nguy6n td.
D<i ld mQt trong nhitng ddi tuong cd didn nhdt
cta todn hoc, da drroc nghiOn crlu cci h6 thdng
tt thdi cd Hy Lap. TrAi qua mdy ngin ndm,
cho t6i tQn ngdy nay, nhtng bdi torin vd sd
nguyOn t6 lu6n IuOn nam trong sd nhung vdn
d6 hi6n d4i vi nan giAi nhdt cria todn hoc.
Cd 16 mdt hi6n tuong nhtt thd rdt it xAy
ra trong to6n hgc nrii ri6ng, vi trong vin hda
ncii chung. N6u cdn m6t hinh Anh thi ta cd
thd vi s6 nguy6n t6 v6i tho luc b6t trong vdn
hoc Vi6t Nam. (Dir pang su vi von ni,o-ctng
ddu khQp khi6ng.). O nrrdc ta, tt cd chi kim-,
tt thinh thi tdi th6n qu6, ai ai ctng cd thd
lim m6t cAu tho luc bdt. Th6 nhung, rdt it
nhir tho dri can dAm thir srlc vdi thd thd ney.
Va 9d ngudi thdnh danh v6i nd lai cang cuc
ki' it 6i. Theo v6n hidu bidt c<j nhi6u khidm
khuyOl cria minh, t6i chi c<i thd kd t6n drroc
yai ireudi : NguyOh Du, TAn Di, Nguy6n Binh,
Tei Hrru, Nguy6n Duy...
T6i cdn nh6, hdi hgc phd thOng t6i di ngd
nging nhrrdng nio tnJ6c vd dep cria dinh lj :
'Cci v.o s! c6c sd nguy6n t6'. TOi ctng dE stng
sdt vi phdp chfng minh dinh lv nei rdt don
graq. Xiq duqc nh6c lai chrlng minh dci d ddy.
GiA sit phAn chrSng chi cci mOt s6 htu han
siic s6 nguy6n td, ky hi6u ln p1,..,pn . Khi
dcip = pt...pn+ 1 kh6ngchia hdt cho bdt kj'
sd nguy6n td p, nio. Do dd p phAi ld m6t sd
nguyn td. Nhrrng p kh6ng nam trong danh
srich tdt cA cd.c sfi nguy6n td ncii tr6n. Di6u
v6 ly ndy bric b6 gie thidt phAn chrlns.
Tt xua con ngUdi d6 cd nhu cd.u "bi{u di5n"
tdt- cA cdc- s6 nguyOn t6. Vd nguyOn t6c, dd
thd xem sO tu nhi6n n c6 phili li mOt sd nguyOn
t6 hay khOng, ta c<j thd^dirng dinh ,gf,i" , o
ld..mOt sd nguydn _td ndu n6 lOi hon I ua khOng
c6 udc sd nin khar 1 ud chinh n6. Cbi ti{n
hon mQt chtt, dd_thu duoc tdt cA c6c s6 nguy6n
tei, v6_nguy6n t6c ngudi ta c<j thd dnn'g-cdi
sdng EratosthEne (Oratoxten) nhrr sau.-Hay
yr6! c6c sd lguy6n duong thinh m6t ddy ; i,
2, 3, 4, .... Brrdc 1, xcia tti s6 1. Bt6c i, x6a
di tdt ch. cdc bQi cria 2. Btt1c 3, xda di tdt ce
c6c b6i cria 3... SO Aau ti6n cbn lqi sau m6i bu6c
li mQt sd nguy6n td. Va mgi s6 nguy6n td d6u
cri th nhAn duoc sau m6t s6 brrdc niro dd.
Khdng'th6a man v6i'crich lim tr6n, ngudi
ta dat cAu h6i : C<i ching m6t c6ng thrlc cho
ph6p nhAn drroc tdt ch, cdc sd nguy6n td ?
CAu h6i drrdng nhtr rO rdng, lo4i trr) mOt
chi ti6t li ta khdng bidt th6' ndo li mQt c1ng
thrlc ! Dd trrinh khri khan nAy ta tht det cau
h6i kh6c di mQt chrit : Cci chang m6t hdm sd
mA mgi giri tri cria nci d6u lh sd nguy6n td vi

ngudc lai moi s6 nguy6n td d6u ld mQt giri tri

cria hirm s6 ndy ? Vdn d6 cd vd dd 16 ring
hon. Nhrrng i hirnr sd li mQt khrii nim rdt
r6ng, dung d6" chi moi "ph6p tuong fng", n6n
ngay lQp tric ta cci cdu trA ldi tdm thudng cho
c6u h6i tr6n. MOt hlm sd f nhrr vay duoc dinh
nghia nhu sau : Nri x6c dinh tr6n tAp hop cric
sd nguy6n drtong, vdi f(n) li sd nguy6n td thrl
p.- Hi.dn- nhi6n li, cAu tr6 ldi ndy khdng gitip
ich gi cho vi6c tim hidu cric sd nguydn to.
D6' vrJot qua trd ngai ndy, ta cdn nrii 16 ta
mu6n tim c6c him sd dd tinh todn, cdng so

cdp cAng tOt, cho phdp bidu di6n cdc s6 nguyOn

td. MQt crich tu nhi6n, tru6c hdt ngudi ta nghi
tli cdc hdm da thrlc v6i hO sd nguydn. D6 ding

thdy ring mqi nhi thrlc bAc nhdt, kh6ng phii

hang s6, vdi h6 sfi nguy6n l(x)=ax6 +b d6u
nh4n mdt s6 v6 han giri tri lir cdc hop s6. Thgc
vfy, h6y chgn m6t s6 nguy6n h sao cho ka *

b>1.Khidd:
l((ha + b) n + h) : al(ka + b) n + hl + b =
:1ka*b)(na+l)
li m6t hop sd vdi moi n md, na + 1 > 1.

Vi thC; trrr6c ti6n ngudi ta x6t cdc tam thrlc

b|c hai vdi h6 s6 nguyn. Ndu m6t tam thrlc

t?S frgi c6 c1.c. Brf. tri li.cric s6 nguy6n. t{.t"q
vdi'nhtng giri tri nguyOn cta bi6n s6 thi nc;
kh6ng.thd phdn tich thinh tich ctra 2 nhi thrlc
bAc nhdt v6i hQ sd nguy6n. Tam thrlc bic hai

don gren nhdt c6 tinh chdt nay la

: x2 + I . Ta thay g(1) = 2, g(2) =-$
e(4) = 17 , 9(6) = 37 ldcdc s5 nguyn td, nhung
8(u la hgp sd ndu n 16 > 1. Tuy th6, ngudi
ta biSt m6t k6t quA ndi ting vi kh<i, khang
g(r)

dinh rang ccj vd s6 sd nguy6n td cci dang

+1 v6i z nguy6n duong.
TOi s6p gi6i thi6u m6t vi du cho thdy m6t
bdi to:in cd didn dudc xem x6t th6 nio trong
to5.n hoc hiQn dai. Ciu chuyOn b6t ddu til th6
nz

ki 18, khi Euler tim duoc da thtlc

E(x) = x2 + x + 4l c6 tinh chdt dac bi6t Ia 40
giri tri "ddu ti6n" cria nti, rlng vdi x : 0, 1,2,

..., 39 d6u ln qric sd nguy6n td. Tuy nhi6n,

E(40\ = 41". Ong cring d5 th6ng brio trong
mQt thrr grli Bernoulli nnm 1777 riing, vdi
Q = 2,3, 5, 11, 17 vi 41 thi x2 +x *q nhdn

tri nguy6n td rlng vdi r : 0, 1, ..., Q

2. Truflc khi phrit tridn dinh ly dudi dny,
tOi. khuydn cdc ban doc tr6 tudi hdy doc nc!
cni ad inrrAng thilc cdri.6m nhac cta nci, vA
tuyQt nhi6n chd bu6n nc'u b4n kh6ng hidu gi
cA. Tdi xin ti6t 16 v6i cdc ban rang tuydt dai
citc gSit

da sd c.ic crl nhdn to6n hoc, kd c& nhttng ngudi

theo hoc Dai s6 vi li thuydt s6, d6u chrra s6n
sAng dd hidu m6nh d6 niy. Dri ld m6t dinh li
drroc Rabinovitch chrlng minh nam 1912.
khEtng dinh ring : Ndu q"tit. mOt s6 nguyn t5,

1l

I
I

t4i aa thtc x2 +! ! q nhQn ctu gid tri ng,uy1t

td tng udi x = O , | , ..,.-q-2 ndu ud. chi ndu
trudn"g quad.ratic q'OtT=TA1 co sd ldp bd.ng
1. Tr6n-co sd dci ngudi ta chfng minh drrqc
rnns tdt cA cdc s6 nzuv6n t6 q cci tinh chdt
nay"da duoc Euler chi ia lrong thu gti Bernoulli
ncii tr6n, trlc ld q = 2,3,5, 11, 17 hay 41.
Thcni mQt ldri nrfa ta duoc thdy sdc m4nh
cria trdc gi:ic vd sfc lao dQng tudirg nhu vun
vat cta Euler, ngudi drrgc coi li d5 dat n6n
mcing cho T6p6 hoc v6i dinh ly ; "Trong mgi
da dien l6i, tdrug c&a sd ntQt uoi s6 dinh tril
di sd canh luOnbd.ng ?", ngudi cung ddng thdi
dat n6n mcing cho-Li thuyet dd thi vdi bdi
torin ndi tidng v6 7 crii cdu.
Dtrdng nhrr chring ta bi d6i m6t grio nu6c
Ianh khi biot kdt qudr sau :
Ndu flx) ld mOt da thtlc hhac hiing s6, udi
hA sd nguydn, thi tbn tai ntQt sd u0 han cdr sd
iguyen"aitorug n scn ch,o I finll la m6t ho.p s5.
MQnh dd niy cd thd chrlng minh khri don
giin nhtr sau. Ta giA sit rdng cci mdt s6 nguy6n
drrong rlo sao cho lf(n)l = p li m6t s6 nguy6n
td. (Ndu tr6i Iai thi m6nh d6 dring mOt c.ich

tdm thtfdng.) V6i mgi tu, ta

(ruo+ph)nt:ntr + m6t boi cria P vi

cri

thd,

f(ru,, + ph) = f(n,,) + (mQt b6i cria p) cung |}

o , cho
mQt bQi criap. Mat khric, lim l11r1l

ldn tni lfOjiin)l > p . Khi dd

ln
lf(n,,+ph)l mQt hgp sd.
M6nh d6 tr6n cho thdy ctic da thrlc mOt
bidn kh6ng thich hop vdi muc dich cria chring
ta. Ta lai tu h6i : cri ch6ng mdt da thrlc
f(xt, ... ,x,r) e.0.a c6c bidn x1t ...tr, mi'tdt cit
c6c $d tri cira nci rlng v6i moi giri tri nguy6n
n6n vdi h dti

khOng 6m cria 11t ... t r, d6u

li

cric s6 nguy6n

t6 ? Mong udc niy lai bi chan drlng bdi mdt

kdt qui manh, do Reiner chrlng minh n6m

1943, ncii rdng : Ndu f(xr, ... ,xrt) lir. m,Qt da

thuc (ngay .cd, udi he sd phtc) sao cho
lf(xr, ... , x)l lar mQt sd nguyan 6 udi mqi gid
tri nguydn khOng d.m, crta cdc bidn xyt ... txn t
thi f phdi l?t mOt hd.ng s5.
Vdn d6 tudng chrlng nhrr da kh6p lai d6i
vdi circ da thrlc. Thd nhrrng, di6u ki Ia s6 xiy
ra ndu ta thay ddi c6ch nhin m6t chft : Ta
khOng dbi h6i gi d nhung glri tri Am hoac bing
kh6ng cria da thrlc, mi chi ddi h6i cric giri tri

duong cria nrj v6t can t4p hgp cdc sd nguy6n

td. Cu thd ld ta x6t bi.i todn sau.
BDri to6n : C6 chang mQt da thic nhibu
bidn udi cd.c hQ sd nguyn, sao cho tQp ho.p
cd.c sd nguyAn 6 ffitng udi tQp ho.p cac gid. tri
duong crta do thtc nity, hhi car bi6n nhQn cd.c

gid. tri nguy1n hhOng d.m ?

MQt da thrlc nhu th6 drroc goi ld da thuc
sd.n sinh sd nguydn td.
Nam 197l,-Mitijasevic dE chrlng minh r6ng
tdn tai m6t da thrlc nhrr vdy. Kdt qu&
-giai niy lir
quyat
rnQt h0 tuhh Uat ngd cria vibc 6ng
duoc bdi torin thf 10 ctra Hilbert. Bdi torin

t2

nirv dat vdn dd tim mQt thuAt torin c<5 thd rip
duirg itd tim nghiQm nguyon cta moi phuong
trinf, Diophante P(r, ....,x):0, trong dci P
ld m6t da thrlc cita c5c dnr,,...,r, vdi hQ s6
nguy6n. M6t thuAt todn nhrl vdy n6u tdn tai
dfioire nhi6h ccj tld dirng dd giai bAi toan ndi
ti6ng-do Fermat dd ra hon 300 nnm trttdc, du
dorin r6ng phrrong trinh I * !' - / kh6ng c-ci
nghiem nguy6n lfiOng tdm thrtdng khi n > 2.
Tuy nhi6n, Mitijasevic dd chfng minh cung
vio nam 1971 rhng kh6ng t6n tai mQt thuAt
torin nhu vAy. Thdo toi, [.dt quA gdy rdt dO
thuydt ph\rc-mqi ngudi. Bdi vi chi ri6ng- dr1
do6-n crib Fermat cung de ngdn hdt khdng bi6t
bao nhi6u grdy mrlc c-ria loiri ngudi trong- sudt
hon ba thdki, qua. Mdi tdi nam 1994, Wiles
m6i dua ra drroCmQt ch(ng minh cho drl dodn
Fermat md cho tdi nay nguAi ta chrta tim thdy
sai scit trong chrlng minh nhy.
Di6u dring ng4Cnhi6n liL : Mitijasevic ciua
ra cau tra ldi p-ht ainh d6i v6i bhi todn thtl
10 cria Hilbert, nhung lai nhin drrgc ciu tri
ldi khing dfnh cho bli todn v6 da thdc sAn
sinh sd nguy6n t6. Mat khric, thoat ddu 6ng
chi khing dinh drroc sU tdn t4r, mi kh6ng dua
ra duoc niot da thfc cu th6'niro cd tinh sdn sinh
*5 nguy6n t6. Nam nam sau, 1976, hrin nhd to6n
hoc Jones. Sato. Wada vi Wiens dd ldn dd.u ti6n
chi ra duoc tudng ntinh m6t da thrlc sin sinh s6
nguy6n t6 cd b{c 25, v6i 26 bidn.
- Ngtrdi ta da b6 nhi6u cOng stlc nham ha
thdp i6 bi6n ho6c s6 bic cfra da thrlc sAn sinh
s6 nguy6n
-ndu td. Nhrrng crj m6t quy luAt nghiOt
s6 bic'n dugc giAm di thi s6 bac lai
nga I-i
tang l6n vi ngrrgc lai. Clr thd.hon,.nam 1976,
cung b6n tdc gih n6u tr6n chi ra rang tdn tai
mQf da thrlc sAn sinh sd nguyOn td v6i s6 bAc
bing 5 vd sd bidn bang 42. MOt nanl sau,
Mitijasevic lai chrlng minh rang t6n tai m6t
da thrlc nhrr vdy vdi sd bio'n bang 10 vd sd
bdc vdo khoAng 16 x 10*".

Thay cho ldi kdt

T6i mu6n ncii dOi di6u v6 ly do de khi6n
t6i viSt bdi nAy, m4c dir s6 nguy6n td khdng
phAi ln ddi trrong nghiEn crlu cria tOi.
Hai nam tru6c, t6i cci dip cing lirm vi6c
v6i Girio srt Paulo Ribenboim t4i frung tAm
nghi6n cfu todn hgc Barcelona. Ong ld mQt
ngudi Canada gfic Brazil, cdi md, bet thi6p,
va lir tac giA cta hon mrrdi cu6n srich v6 ly
thuydt sd.-Khi nghe t6i kd rang ngudi Viet
Nam rdt coi trgng to6n hgc vi hgc trb Vi6t
Nam ham hgc to6n, d Viet Nam ccj mdt to
b6o torin hoc ddnh i:ho t,rdi trd, 6ng dn hio
phdng d6 nghi tdi srl dung mQt sd ttr lieu c0a
cu6n sach 6ng dang vidt dd dd vidt m6t bdi
cho cdc ban tr6 Vi6t Nam.
COng vi6c bd bQn vd nhf,ng lo toan muu
sinh d6 khi6n t6i m5i't6i nay m6i thuc hiQn
drroc ldi-hrla vdi Paulo. T6i mudn nhdn dip
niv cAm onitoa",
6ns da tao di6u ki6n dd tOi drro-c
hoc'vi Tudi tr6". td brio nid
iid tii "oi
edn 30 nim trd6c'di vta Ia mOti ngrrdi ban
fam tinh, vrfa ld ngrrdi thdy ddu ti6n cria tOi.

rinn nrEu sAu rnEnlt roAn

noc pxd rnOruc

t

M0ngnc BAI ToAI,tYt

rg
DUONGTIIA}IG SIilSOil

Trong m6t phing x6t didm M cd hinh chi6u

vu6ng gcic xudng c6c dudng thing BC, CA,
AB ldn luot ld M1, M2, M3. Khi M thu6c (O,
E) (dudng trdn ngoai tiSp A ABC) thi M1, M2,
Mrthing hirng vi nguqc lai. Ngudi ta thudng
goi dudng th8ng chlda M1, M2, M3ld d,udng
thang Simson. Ndu M hhOng thuQc (O, R) thi
M1, M2, M, hhOng th&ng hd,ng ntta, vQy li6u
cci thd tim thdy dqc didm gi cta M1, M2, M3
lilti MO - r hhOng thay ddi, mOt kdt qud. nhu
uQy (ndu c6) sE ld. mflt sttr rnd rOng kdt quh,
tr6n cria Simson * ta b6 qua su thing hnng
c&,a M1, Mz, M3 (khi OM = J?) mi tam coi 3
didm thing hdng tao thdnh "m6t tam g16c c6
di6n tich bing kh6ng". Cdch nhin nAy d6n ta

]-RINI I I}AN(i, (;I AN(;

(1'P. lId Chi Minh)

* ofrI, = (l'- g o-b, + xdfu,

+ MpI, =

(1

- r) o?, + r Np,

va

Mfu, = (1
;r!oP, + ,.NF3

Ky hi6u [a , b] ln tich ngoii (*) cria 2 vecto

a, b theo thd tu dd.

Tacd:

tMfur, M'prl :
= (t - t)2 topz, oprl

- x) t*2, /q?.1 +
+r(1 - r) [N,Nr, OtO3f +
+ r(1

lNfir, ar,frrl :
= (1 - x12 1opr, op; +
+ x(t - x) ( Opr, AFr3l + tN;&2 , oP:l),
* Chgn x = -l th\ M e (O,J?)
".>
lMfuz,Mful = o thay vio ding thrlc
+ x2

ddn du dorin khi OM bing hang sd thi

dt\MIW]\ crlng li mQt hlng s6 ?

tr6n ta cci :

toPz,jFrt* tNF, op.l =

= 2lOrOr, OrO37
+ dtA MrM{, = I I - xzl. at AO,O2O. =
= 11 _ r2l . (drAABC) I 4
Ddt m = dtA MNN* S = dtA ABC ta
c6:
Hinh

It - ,21 = 4mls <+

+ *2 = L + 4m.lS V x2 = t -

4mlS(**)
(*x) ta thu duoc kdt quA sau ddy : TAp
tdt eA cric didm M sao cho dtA MrMfl, = nt

Tt

= hing

s6 kh6ng 6m, lA :
U Dudng trbn (o, R) khi m = 0

2l Hai drrdng trdn ddng

(O,R. tlt

Htnh 2

N, N' ld giao didm cria drrdng th&ng

OM vd (O). Chidu ON xu6ng BC thnnh
GSi

O,Nr, xu6ng CA thdnh OlVz, xudngAB thdnh

O3N3. DAt Otvt = *.ON

- Oft, = *.O/'{i (j = 1, 2, 3) +

+ +n'r/S) vd

tAm

(O,R. rlt -+nziS;

0<m<Sl4
3l MOt didm O vd drrdng
(0,B. fITArre;) khi m = Sl4
4/ Dudng trdn (O , O .,51

t<tri

trdn

SnrlS) khi nz >

sl4
T<im lai bing mdt "cr6ch nhin m6i" v6 su
thing hing, ta dE thu dtroc m6t k6t quA rdt
ly thf vi li srt tdng qurit cho kdt qu6 vd dudng
13

thdng Simson. Cu6i cirng xin n6u mQt bdi tQp

dd cdc b4n t{ giAi :
" Bei tflp : Hey tim didm M brt trong tam
g16c ABC (kd cA tr6n bi6n) sao cho dtA,EfG
la l6n nhdt trong d6 E, F, G ldn lrrqt ln hinh
chidu cta M xudng cric drrdng th&ng BC, CA,
AB,
Ghi chri : (x) Tich ngodi cira 2 vecto theo
thf ttl lir mdt dang song tuydn tinh phAn xrlng
trlc ld giri tri cria nrj ddi ddu (kh6ng ddi giri
tri tuyQt d6i) khi ta hoSn vi hai vectd. Vdi
f, fia c6c vectd tiy y, ki hi6u tich ngodi ctra
x, y ld til ,l th6a mdn :

t;i,f+vl=LiII+tf,rf
r7+iyJ:l',,tI+t4fr
t"ijyl =tfi ofr="ly',y-l
li tI: - tya ,l
N6u chi chri tdi gie tr! tuy6t d6i thi

li

yl

THFT

Lfr
kh o nu
,

Thdv : Em h6v tinh

ooo

A:10+,Io+E

T16 : Thrrl thdy cci bao nhi6u ddu f

Thdy : VO h4n, nghia ld .'. v6 s5, kh6ng
bao gid drlng 14i...

Trd ?
Thdy : Ta c<j

bang di6n tich hinh binh hirnh nh4n 2

vecto fr y1a* c4nh, dci ln y nghia hinh hoc

cria tich ngodi, ngudi ta cbn ggi tich ngodi ld

tich l6ch hay tich thay ddu.

,.

A2

: 6 *1 u + {e-+-m

= 6 + A. Suy ra phuong trinh

A2-A-6=o

A2

nshia tit
bdc hai

Trd : Thrra thdy, tai sao bdt di m6t ddu

cdn mir giri tri cria A vin khdng ddi' Luc ddu
giA st A c6 n ddu c5n, v6 sau PhAi cd n - i
ddu c6n, thd mi A v6n ln A. Em chrra hidu'
Thdy : a ld v6 h4n, ld ... lDr vO cuc, la rdt
l6n, b6t di 1 thi crlng nhrr khdng b6t gi. Sau
niy ln dai hoc em se hidu tai sao nhu viy..
(ldm bdm : thAt lDr khd n<ii...)...
Ldi birn cria Mao T6n Quang : Tdt nhdt
ln thdy drlng "dgng" d6n cdc bii torin loai niry,
vi Quang t6i cring kh6ng bi6t giai thich nhu
thd nDro cho hgc sinh hidu, trong pham vi todn
cria PTCS.
D6m mong cric nhEr srr ph4m chi giao, dd
trdnh cho thdy crii cAnh .th+t ld khri n<ii".
CAm on (o - 1) ldn !
NHLN TIN

PHAN'I]IANII QI.'AN(;

sau d.d.y tda soan chtta rd d.ia chi :

Khua, Vfr. Thanh Nga, Nguydn Quang Kinh, Le Ii, , Nguydru Trgrug Ton,
Ngqc
Nguydn
Nguydn Nhung, Trtin VO Cudng, Nguydn Tudng, Hoitng Doanh, Nguydn Van, Nguydn Vidt
Thdnh, Qudc Trinh, Nguydn Hbng Son, Nguydn Anh Dttng, Vfi, Anh Ttud.n, Trd.n Hrtu Duy,
Bi.i Mao, Trd.n Vd.n Dqt, Nguyin C\ng LuQn, Ii Van Nhu Hiruh, Vti Nhfut Kidu, chu Hod.ng,
Trd.n Anh Tud.n, Trd.n LA ThOn, Thd.i Van HOi, T.A, P.H, Bid Hurtg, Nguydn Vd.n Dibru, Trd.n
Dinh Truittug, LA Xu, Nguydn Tod.n, Cao Long Vd.n, Nguydn HtZu Luong, Hit. Chi'u, Nguydn
Ba Chu, LA Phong, Luu Nggc Kibu.
Db nghi lien ll.c udi tita-soqn d.d nhfun sarh bi6u : Tuydn tQp 3O nam Tgp chi Todn hoc uit
Cd.c tac gid.

Tudi trd.

t4

THVTT

I
I

Kl rHl olEilIprc ToAIU'dIoc rE lllttol

LAN THtJrs

runna vnp,.lrirlr

ldn thrl 88 duoc td chrlc tt ngiy

3ll7ll997 tai ntrdc COng hba
Achentina. Dia didm thi ld thdnh ph6 Mar del
Plata (crich tht d0 Buenos-Aires 400 km vd

IMO

Theo drinh girl chung cria cdc Dodn thi d6

thi nam nay cring hcic bua ching kdm gi dd
thi cria nam ngo6i. Nhrr cric ban di bi6:t, d6
thi cria nAm ngodi dE duoc drinh giri le khci
hon nhi6u so vdi dd thi cta c6c nam 1994 vir

18/7 ddn ngiry

phia Nam).
Du thi ki niy cri 460 hgc sinh cria 83 nu6c
vi khu vUc. Thirnh phdn doin Vi6t Nam g6m
sdu hoc sinh : D6 Qudc Arrh, Pham L6 Htng,
Nguy6n Anh Tri (Kh6i chuy6n To6n - Tin
DHKHTN, DHQG HN) ; Trdn Minh Anh
(Trudng Chuy6n to6n Hi N6i - Amsterdam),
T6 Trdn Ttng (Trudng PTNK Trdn Phu Hai Phdng), Nguy6n CAnh Hio (Trrrdng
Chuydn Phan BOi ChAu, NghC An). Cric thiy
girio g6m cci : Trtrdng Dod.n : PGS.PTS Phan
Drlc Chinh, Ph<i tnrdng doin : PTS Nguy6n
Vu Lrrong (chri nhi6m Khdi Chuy6n to6n Tin DHKHTN, DHQG HN) vn hai quan s:it
vi6n li : Thdy giSo Pham Van Hing (Phci chri
nhi6m kh6i chuy6n ?o6n - Tin DHKHTN,
DHQGHN), thdy gi6o Khtc Giang Son (Tnrdng
Phd th6ng ning khi6u Trdn Phri - Hai phdng).
.vAoIMO ldn thf 38 drroc chinh thrlc khai mac
ngdy 2317. Tn ng?ry 2Ol7 ddn ngity 2217
ld khoAng thdi gian dinh cho c.ic trurdng doin
cta Ban td chfe soan thAo dd thi chinh thrlc
cria ki thi. Phuong thrlc lim d6 cria ki thi n6m
nay c0ng duoc rip dUng nhu phrrong thrlc ldm'
d6 cria ki thi nem ngo6i.
Theo quy dinh ctia cric ki thi IMO, thdi
gian ldm bii cria m6i ngiy thi la 4 tidng rudi
vA didm t6i da cho m6i bei li Z.

1995. Theo drinh gi6 chung cria hdi d6ng chon

d6 thi bAi s6 2 la bei d6 nhdr trong 6 bdi to6n
thi. Bai sd 6 drroc drlnh gi6 la bai khcj nhdt
(chi cci 10 thi sinh dat didm t6i da bii 6 va
cti tdi 340 thi sinh bi didrn 0 v6 bAi nay).

Nem nay, trong tdng sd 460 thi sinh drr

cd 4 thi sinh (cria cric d6i : Vi6t Nam, My,
Rumani, Iran) dat didm tuy6t ddi (42142). Cd
hai thi sinh dat didm 41, b6n thi sinh dat di'm
40, bdn thi sinh dat didm 39, bAy thi sinh dat
didm 38, ... Nhin chung, kdt qui bAi ldm cria
cric thi sinh d IMO ldn thf 38 cri khd hon kdt
qui bdi lim cria cric thi sinh d IMO ldn thrl
37 (Nam ngo6i, chi cd m6t thi sinh dat didm
tuy6t ddi, kh6ng crj thi sinh nio dat 4i hay
40 didm, mdt thi sinh dat 39 didm, mQt thi
sinh dat 38 didm, ...)
Cen crl vdo kdt quA thi vi theo Di6u 16 cria
cric ki IMO, Ban td chrlc ki thi n6m nay da
quydt dinh trao :
39 huy chuong vd.ng cho cric thi sinh dat

thi

tt

35 ddn 42 didm.
70 huy chrrong bac cho c:ic thi sinh dat tr)
25 d6n 34 di6"m.
122 huy chrrong ddng cho cric thi sinh dat
tt 15 ddn 24 didm.

xdr quA cu rHd cuA DOr ruydN

Ho vd t6n

Br

B2

B..,

B4

vrET NAM NHu sAU

B5

B-0

Tdng

Giai

sd

Dd Qu6c Anh
Trdn Minh Anh
Pham LG Htng
Nguy6n Anh Tri
T6 Trdn Tung
Nguy6n CAnh Hio

nt
4
2
n

3
1

7
7
7
7
7
7

nI

nI

4I

7
7

'

7
nI
|7

7
7

4
I

42

5
6
0
3
0

31

30

28
27
25

Huy
Huy
Huy
Huy
Huy
Huy

chuong ving
chrrong bac
chrrong bac
chrrong bac
chtrong bac
chtrong bac

15

Trong bing xdp h4ng kh6ng chinh thrlc cta

Ban td chrlc ki thi, DQi Tuydn ViQt Nam drlng
6 vi tri thf 10 vdi tdng sd didm ld 183. C6c

d6i crj tdng sd di6'm cao hon ViQt Nam lh :

Trung Qutlc (223 didm), Hungari (219 didm),
Iran (217 didm), MY (2OZ didm), Nga (202
I

DUOr OiV

ti

OE

didm), Ukraina (195 didm), Rumani (191

didm), Bungari (191 didm), Uc (187 didm).
L6 bd mac IMO ldn thf 38 d5 drrqc td chrlc
trgng thd vi.o sring 30/7. Tai budi 16 ndy, Tnidng

Ban td chrlc IMO ldn thrl 38 de chuydn giao

l5 cd cria IMO cho tru6ng doin Ddi Loan chtr nhi cria IMO ldn thrl 39.

ntt

Sgth

International
Mathematical
Olympiad

Ngny thfi nhdt

24 thdng bAy 1997
1. (Belarus) TrOn mat phing, oic didm v6i ngoai ti6p cria tam giric thnnh hai cung. Ldy
toa dO nguy6n ld dinh crla cdc hinh vu6ng don U ln mOt di6'm trong cta cung chdn bdi B vi
vi. Cric hinh vu6ng drtoc ldn ludt td miu tr6ng C khdng chrla A.
v6i den (nhu tr6n bAn cd vua).
C6c dudng trung truc cria cdc doan AB
V6i m6i c4p s6 nguyOn drrong m vi z, xem vd. AC c6t dddng thing AU theo thf tU tAi

mQt tam giric vu0ng v6i c5Lc dinh cd tga dd VvdW.Cricdudngthing BVvdCWc6tnhau
nguy6n, c6c canh g<ic vu6ng cri d6 ddi nz vd bi T.
z, di theo cdc canh cric hinh vudng.
ChrlnE minh
"eU
Goi S, ld todn bd di6n tich phdn tr6ng cria
= TB + TC.
tam gi:ic vd S, li toirn bd di6n tich phdn den.
B. (Nga) GiA str x1 t x2, . . . , r, li nhirng
D?t
5 thsc thoa:T
n)

- s2l

= lsr
f(m,
(a)Heytinh f(m,n)chocdcsdnguyendrrong
vb
nr vd. n ctng chin hay cirng 16.
, max lnl' nl vdl mol n'L van'

f1,*j",
' Lnt -

ring t6n tai mdt hoan vi

...,
hlng !1, !2,
ln criar, , xz, ..., x,, sao cho
+ nv,t <
fr?l?".Tu",",, tv, * 2v,
HEy chrlng t6

(c) Hay chfng t6 kh$ng tdn tai m6t

" ;.iffi1',JJ?;i;:;T

"u"

t*t ' *2

$5c ABC. Cr{c didm B vZ C chia drrdng trdn

Ngny thit hai

25 thing bAy 1997
4. (Iran) MQt ma trfln n x n vdi cric phdn
trl thudc tap hqp S = { l, 2, ..., 2z - 1} duqc

gqi

li

...,

n,

mQt ma trin "b4c" ndu v6i m6i i = 1,

tAp hgp cric phdn trl d ddng thrl i vn d

c6t thrl

16

ln tAp hqp S. Chfng t6 ring

(a) kh6ng tdn tai ma trfn bac rlng vdi z

lgg7
=
;
(b) tdn tai nhtng ma tr{n b4c fng vdi v6
s6 giri tri z.

Bi, B0 trudng 86
Van h6a ud, Giao
duc Achentina trao

huy chuang

ud.ng

Anhuit
3 ban d lran,
Rumani, Mi dgt
cho D6 Qu6c

didm tdi da cila

thi IMO liln

5. tSect Tim tdt cA cac cap (a, b) nhting sd
a > 1, b > 1 thoa m5,n phuong trinh

nguy6n
I

38.

oht :

DINH CHINH
Trong sd bao 8-1997 de
dang bdi VE
QUY
^FAt .TOAN
HO{CH TUYEN T|NH TRONG
DAt Sd LAP 10. Do ld bdi cua
tdc g^ie NGUYEN S/NH

bu.

6. (Litva) Vdi m6i sd nguy6n drrong rL, gei

fh) ld s6 tat cir c5.c c6ch bidu di6n rz thdnh
tdng nhrlng iuy thia cua 2 v6i sd mrl nguy6n
khong am.
Hai c6ch bi6'u di6n chi kh6c nhau b6i thrl
tr.I c6c s6 hang duoc coi ln d6ng nhdt. Chang
han, f(.41 : 4 bdi vi sd 4 cd thd bidu di6n duoc
dfng theo bon cdch

NGUYEN

gido vi6n

trudng

PTTH chuybn LO Quy DOn DA

NANG.
Thitnh thAt cdo l6i cing tac

4;2+2;2+ 1+1;1+1+1+1.

gia vd ban doc"

Chrlng minh rang vdi moi sd nguyOn

rL>3,

cuOc

tht

THVTT
2,,

2n,,t < f(2,,)

<

),^

2n,r.

cuQc 'rHr GrAr roAN, vAr

ri

NAM Hec teez-1998

DAy ld cu6c thi trur.6n th6ng thttdng ni6n tr6n tap chi Tod.n hoc ud. Tudi trd. Car: di,.
To6n vi. Vat li duoc c6ng b6 d irruc "D6 ra ki ndy" trong cdc sd tap chi tit sd 243 (t,ltort.g
9 no,nt 1997t den so 251 ithang 5 nant 19981.
Hoc sinh THCS giAi thdm cac bai dAnh cho THPT vdn duoc tinh didm. Hoc sinh
THPT giAi cric bai danh cho THCS kh6ng duoc tinh dienr.
BAI DU THI HOP LE : Loi giAi m6i bdi phAi ula't riang, kh6ng chung vdi ldi giii cri:r
bdi khric vd ghi 16'ho, tan cu.nictio clti lop, trudng, huyen, tinh"vito gic tren bZn phei
d m6i ldi giai. KhOng cdn cheplai dO bai. nhrrng phAi ghi rO ldi giAi bdi s6 mdy cira s6
t4p chi nao. Ndu ldi giai m6t bai vie"t 6 nhi6u to gidy thi cdn phAi dinh cac to giSy voi
nhau. Nhltng ph6t hi6n, tim tbi th6rn tt c6c d6 torin ftong cing ntdt so tap ctti ccj th6l
cho chung vdo m6t phong bi gui v6 dia chl Tba soan nhUng ph6i ghi ro ngoAi phong bi
ldi gidi cho cdc db toon d sd tap chi ndo. Bdi giAi grli v6 Tda soan khOng chd.nt qu,o hctr,
thang tinh tt ngiy cu6i th6ng rnd tap chi ph6t hdoh. Tba soan kh6ng nhdn bai giii tnp
thd vi cudc thi chi xdp giAi ca nhAn.
Ban td chfc se xep gidi rirug cho ting d6i tudng hoc sinh : Ti{CS, THPT vd tu'ng
mdn :Toan hoc, Vdt Ii. K6t quA crla cudc thi drtoc cdngbd vdo ddu nAm hoc 1998-1999.
Chric tdt cA- cac ban tich cuc tham gia cu6c thi vd dat kdt quA t6t I
,IHVTT

ThiI trl th6ng

minh
cho ring bei tht nghiOm don

Gidi ildp hdi

THANH PHO CO BAO NHIEU

TUYEN XE
Ta xr5t m6t: bdn d5 nio dci, ching han A;
Nhu vdy tr6n m6i tuydn 6t6 buyt crf b6n dd
tai A sE cdn hai bdn d6 kh6c A n[ta. Trong
thdnh ph6 cdn ccj 8 bdn d6 khdc A vd ndu hai

tuydn dA cci chung nhau bdn d6 A thi ch0ng

khdng thd c<j chung m6t b6.n nrfa kh6c A n6n
sd tuydn cci chung b6n d6 A s6 kh6ng thd l6n

hon8:2=4tuy6'n.

Ta d6nh s6 tdt cit cdc ben d6 vd ki hi6u

ai Id sd tuyen'6 t6 buyt di qua bdn d5 thf i.
Khi dd vi tr6n m6i tuydn c<j 3 bdn d6 n6n

ar*ar+...+arr=3n

trong dci z Id s6 tuydn 6 t6 buyt. Nhtrng theo

ly ludn d trOn thi a, < 4 vdi i : 1, ..., 9, n6n

taccigx4>3n
Tt dd suy ra n <

12.

Tfc ld nhi6u nhdt

trong thdnh phd chi ccj thd cci 12 tuydn

buyt.

o o
4 rt

#-

6b

#
l9

28

g)

30

20

9-

65
20

g ,4

16

30

Di6u cric ban phAi ldm la tiur con s6 con

thidu d dudi cot b6n trai cira bing. C6c ban
hay grli t6i tda soan : thudt to6n ngin nhdt
cira c6ch giAi vd drip s6
IUAN I IIANtt

(Theo

Hoitng
Tilng,9CT, NK Ti6n

Son, Bic

6tO

Cd giA thuy6t
gi6n ndy d5 drroc c6c nhd tAm li hoc My dung
dd kidm tra tdc dO suy nghi cria Anhxtanh.
Tdt nhi6n Id Anhxtanh da trA ldi rdt nhanh
nhrrng nhanh nhrr th6 ndo thi ngudi ta kh6ng
drroc biSt vi c6c tdi li6u cbn duoc girr lai khOng
ncji ddn vic ndy.
C6c con sd d b6n phAi vd b6n drrdi cria bAng
c<i thd chi gi6 ti6n cta cdc loai quir, trong ltiong
cira chring, s6 calo chring cung cdp v.v...

(SLtrr rdml

Ninh.

Nguy6n Hdng Hanh,

8T, NK Gia L6c, Hii

Duong. Mai Van

Ng Bim
Sdn, Thanh H6a.

HiL, 7 Tr,

Vu Thity Lintr, 8T,

Chu Ven An, Hai

Phdng.

Huynh

Trgng NhAi Minh,

9A, Phri L6c, Thira

Thi6n - Hu6.
Nguyn Van Khanh,
9A, Thach Thdt, Hlr

Tdy vd nhi6u ban

khac...)
BiNII PIII/()N(i

ISQN:0866-8035
Chi sd : 12884
M5 sd: 8BT44M7

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