fu-

G{h}"*

eo cTAo DUC VA DAO TAO *

rap cui

RA HANG

rrOT

IOAN HoC vIEr NAM

rirAxc

J vE uQr BAr roAN cgc rR! niruH HQc

o

VAN DLING DIEIJ KIEN DOI\IG PHANG CIJA BON

DIEM DE GIAI BAI TOAN HINH KHONG GIAN
.o.D

n rEr ou6 coQc rpr orymprc roEN prrfl

gfuc

TREN TIuONG

a
1

vE BAr TOAN QtrY HOACH TUYEN TINH

III IiM n[T

lro eory Bi/

704,4/ c7/t/

Bll?ft c#0

THTc TRONG

TAIYI GIAG

TRONG DAr SO 10

c,4c 0[r0t/q c7/c//c

Thhy trd truong Phd th1ng ndng khi6u Lai Chau

Anh : ChAu Sctn

TOAI{ HOC VA TUOI TRE

MATHE,MATICS AND YOI.JTH

MI.JC LI.JC
Trang
o Dirnh cho c6c b4n Trung hgc co sd
For lower secondary school level friends
l{guyn Duc T(in - Vd m6t bai to6n cr.lc tri
hinh hoc
o Gi6i bei ki trtldc
Solutions of problems in previous issue
C6c bdi cira s6 238
o Di ra ki niry
Probiems in this issue
TL1242, T21242, . . ,TtO1242, Ll1242, L21242.
9
o Dirnh cho c6c ban chudn bi thi viro d4i hqc
For college and university entrance exam
preparers
Chu Xudn Ding - Van dung di6u ki6n ddng
phing ctra bdn didm dd giai bai to6n hinh
khdng gian
10
o NguyAn Viet Hdi - K61 qui cu6c thi Olympic
torin PTTH toi.n qu6c, nam hoc 1996-1997
13
o Trdn Vtdt Kinh - TrOn dttdng di tim "Bdt ding
thtlc trong tam gi5:c"
14
o Tim hidu siu th6m to6n hgc phd th6ng
To heip young friends gain better understanding
in school maths
l{guyn Dinh Nguydn - Yd bdi to6n quy hoach
tuydn tinh trong dai sd 10
15
o LA Hiro - Md r6ng bdi to6n con bu6m cho c6c
dudng conic
16
. Giai tri to6n hoc
Fun with Mathematics
Binh Phuorug - Gini d6p bdi : Nhdn drroc bao nhi6u
qud

HC

- H6i ai, cdu gi dd duoc tu do ?

T'ru sd tito. soan

DT

Minh DT

fip

Phd tdng hi|n

tip

NGO DAl' 1T,

IiOANG (]III.JN(i

n0r ocittc

BrEN TAP

Nguy6n CAnh Todn, Hoing

Chring, Ng6 Dat Tr1, LO Kh6c

BAo, Nguy6n Hry

Doan,

Nguy6n Vi6t Hai, Dinh Quang

HAo, Nguy6n Xudn Huy, Phan
Huy Khii, Vu Thanh Khiel. L6

Hai KhOi, Nguy6n Van

Mau,

llodng L6 Minh, Nguy6n Khic

Minh, Trdn Van

Nhung,

Nguy6n Dang Phdt, Phan

Thanh Quang, Ta H6ng QuAng,
Dang Hung Thing, Vr1 Drrong
Thuy, Trdn Thdnh Trai, L6 Bzi
Kh6nh Trinh, Ng6 Vi6t Trung,
Dang Quan Vi6n.

BiAn top ud

81 Trdn Htrng Dao, Hir NQi

231 NGuy6n Van Cil, TP Hd Chi

Tdng bi4n

NGUYL,N CANII I'OAN

:8.220073
: 8.356111

tri su : VtJ KIM 'l'l I t-n'

LE THCJNG N}IAI'

Trinlt boy .' I{OANG l,l, BACI

DANH CHO CAC BAN TRUNG HgC CO SO

,ll^.

UE

l,

MOI BAI TOAil CUG TRI HIilH

HOG
r

NGUYEN O6C TAN

(1'.P I16 Chi Minh)

rRI HiNH sec ld m6t d6 tdi lu6n hdp

- cijq
d6n
nhrrns nsudi v6u to{in.
Bdi vi6"t nEv nham trao ddi cirns ban doc
chung quanh inOt tai todn don giA-n v6 cuic
rnt.uiNII- I,roc, giirp ta gini m6t sd bdi toSn
l{hac kha hay

Biri to6n

.. 9.4o dltdng typn (p,^ R) dd.y cung BC uir A

ld dftmchuvenddnp trdn

cuns ldn b"unp ihff) RC

XaCdinh ui trl ctta didm
A dd dien iich tom giac
ABC l6n ruhdt.
Bdi torin cci vidt nhi6u
ceich eiAi. Sau ddv Id mdt
cdch "siAi didn hinh. Cbi
A' id didm chinh sir./a cua

gy:Irg ld,l (g.y.ng n'h6) BC.

ve Iv
xv li
la l.ten
tllven cta
elr2 dridng trin (O ; R)
Ve
tidp"tuydn
Lai .t.
- .$"y 1a mgi diem A thu6c cung lgn (cung
nh6) ?C d6u'nam eiria hai drtdne"th&ns sons
song ry vit, BC. A** A' thi khodns c5ch tfi
A d6h BC nh6 hon khoAns crich tr) { aAn AC.

gt,t f,{4gtilo-'o,ef rtn a,*D}t #j1"#

tri*l6n nhdt". ta cci S.

*A : A'
sie
" Bai
torin S cd thd phat bi8!rdl?bi dans kliic.
Qiti lgdn 1 : Try1tg tdt cd cdc tam lidc ASC
c6 dO diti canh BC."ua sOc A kh6ne"ddi.
---'' tint
tam gidc co'di1n tich l\n nid.t o
V{ hon nrfa ndu.hai didm D, E cd dinh (D
e BC, E e BC) thi s1,<oa;.
A,.
^*4A =
Ta cci bdi to6n 2.
Bdi todn 2 : Cho BC lil ddy cunp cd dinh
a)o duitng tritn (O ; R) : D uti g n"nai aie'i
cd dinh fhu6c dudne thane BC. A ld. di'm
chuydn.dOng ban curie tdi tZunihid-EC. iai

fi*
I :u :nlt "#ro
t"a rrXt' # #i
"#,i3
to5.n"i'ui'
3 sau.

Bdi tod.n 3 : Cho duitns tron (O : R) qa

doan thang BC cd dinh, A ld didm'chuyen
dQryg trAn..duitng tritn. Xac dinh ui tri "crta
diem A dd S, ^,,"-. dat eid tri lon nhdt
Ta lai biOY'lihi A'cEuv6"n dOns tr6n cuns
ldn (curig nh6) BC thi ta"m 1 cria'drrbns 1iirfi
ndi tiSp f,am gi:ic ABe chuy6'n d6ng tr6n" cung
chrla gc5c a = 9V +
f dUng tr6n doan BC.
Do dcj Srrrc) *I : I'+A:
A' (I' ld
didm chinh'g1A{"bri.a cung chrla gcic a)
Ta co bii-todn 4.
Bd.i tod.n 4 : Cho BC lir ddy cune cd dinh
cila duitns tritn (O : R). A ld didm chilldn d,bno
trn cung- ldn (cuis nhd BC, I ld td.ln dubn?
trbn ru)i-tib tam kid.c ABC.' Xac dinh ui tii
cia didm A dd dibn tich tam giai IBC'dat
tri lon nh(it.
eid
" Vd
n6u chri V rang khi A chuv6'n d6ns tr6n
cung I6n BC sdo cho- tam si6c ABC nh6n thi

trttC tdm ^ H. thuOc Eung chrla'

: 18tr - A drtnp" tr6n doan BC.
Do dd SrHBct +H
aA : A?.

'A

gdc

='H'
lit gi6'$ dffjhh-giiia crSa cung chrla gcic
,,.(#
p). La co oal toan c.

Biti toan 5 : Cho BC ld ddy cunp cd dinh.

cfia dudns trbn ( O : Rt , A Id di{nt ch.uydn
d1ng trrl"cung ldn BC soo cho tanr eidc l{BC
nholt. Goi H l'o truc tdm cia tant plac ABC.
Xac dinh ui tri cib didm A de'diei ilch tant
dat eid. tri ldn nhcit.
"eiacVaHBC
ndu soi K Id tiuns di6'm ctia BC thi de
dins chdniminh duoc AH : 2 x OK (kh6ns
ddi): AD 16 duons cao cli,a tam si6.c ABC thi
."Ta lai cci bdi foein moi.
AD eHD
Effi nan dYcno BC ld ddy cuns c6 dinlt
cila duitng trbn ( O : R) A fo diefir cltuydn
d\ns trrl"cune lon BC. Goi H tit truc tant uo
AD"ld dudnl"c.ao cio tahr eidc nhon ABC.
Xac dinh ui"tri cia didm E dd doan thang
HD co dO diti lon nhdl
Mat khric. ve AD, BF. CG idn lrrot Ia cac
drrons
cao cria tam sidc ABC. Drra vao kiein
thrlc "v6 tim giac d6ilg dang, ta ihrlng minh
6ugc SleBe =

(Dn EG + GD)

:I

Pgtr;1

L'qT, r;::.Yf = A, ra
l]'Cr.?p,i1,;1,:^
oen vdl rral toan.
Bir,i tod,n 7 : Cho BC ld ddy cune cd dinh.
ciat duins
duisnp trbn (O : R). A ld
lit didm chilvdn
chil,ydn donp
donp
trAn
tuAn cttngcuni l6n p.C,
BC,'ALi,
Cq.h
ld cdc
BE. CG
cd.c dltirryB
dubn|e
4D,-BE,
$p,^BF_,
cao cialam eiac ABC.
A6b17a""iii7,
Xac di
dinh ,i"
ui t7i
tri cuo
"'iZ
didm A dd tafr. siac DEG co chu
cti ui l6n nhdt.
qau dAV
Bii torin sau
daV (bai 4.
4, thi hoc sinh si6i to{in
qu6c
96I Cd th6 drra v6
vd
gYgc^ gia
sq l6p
ryp. 9,"1995 -'1996)'
Dar ., o tren
(C) nanl
Biti
tal toan
todn 6
8 : uno
Cho duonp
dudne tritn
tron (u)
niint tronp

(Q) EhOns
g6q xOy. (duitrus
dqirryg trbn (C)
Eh1ng co didm chunb
chunlg
udi cac
uot
g6c
cd.i^canh
:d.i cann
canh cua
ci"a poc
ci-a
e6c xuy).
xOy t. tTay
xO.yt.
Hai tLnL
tim tren
trdn. duon
dltan."s
Ha.i
tim.
trdn
dudnlg
tritn C)
mOt didn"t M sdo cho"tdnp
G) m|t
g cac khoans
khodn
khodn,
cQch til
cdch
tit M dA'n
dAn hai duisnp
duitng tthang chia
'hua cac can,
can

poc xOy
cia g6c
xOv lit
Lit nh6
nhd nhdt.
n h.E.t
A-e
A
e Ox,
Ox,p
Be
C.O1
Oy sao cho OA : OB,
_Dylg
. _Dy^rg
A-B tiSt'xqc vdi (C) tai fu[, vd (C t ndm trong
tam giac OAB.
Goi h,. h- Id khoAns
cdch tt didnf M dh oxl
Oy, Ta c6 OA . OB. AB.
S(OAB) kh6ngddi. Dodc;
(h. * h^t e

srfueafffi +tyr - ltt

-*l&ai tuan 9 : Tronp td.t cd. cac t*

siac nOi

ti{p tqgng d.udng trbi( A : Rt, tint tf giac io

dlen
ttcn Lan nhdt
' '."Ho
hirne" vdi bai todn S la bdi todn.
Biti tod,iP: Cho.duong.trdn @; Rt, ddy
curus BC ud A ld. didm chu"vdn dOnp trn cuns
ldn"(cunp nh6t BC. Xac dirth ui tri cia didrit
A dd chi ui tam. piac ABC lon nhdt.
Cric ban hav tiin nhi6u loi siii cho bai todn
P va tim c6i bli todn mi Ehi srl dung
ket
quA bdi torin P c<j thd cho ldi giAi dgp. '

BAi T1/238. A uir B la hai s6 c6 bd.y chu

s6 khac nhau tit 1 ddn 7. Gid. su A > B, hdi

co thd xd.y ra trxitng hqp A chia hdt cho B hay

kh6ng, toi sao ?

LEi giai. Tdng c6c chrr sd cta A cring nhlr
B d6u bAng -l + 2 +3 +.. + 7 _ 29,hay ld
A, B d6u d6ng drt 1 (mod9) (l). Gia st A chia
het cho B, ta c6 A, ta cd A : R. n vdi n
nguy6n. MaA > B n6n n > 1. Hon nfra, A,
f-a6u cd 7 chl: s6 vd trong c6c chit sd A, B,

8. 106vaB >106.dodri n:A:B<8,

ra I <n <8 (21. Tit (1), La ccj thd det B
: B. rt
9
= nt * 7 v6i m nguy6n, suy ra A (mod9),
: 9 m.n * n = (ntod9) ; ndn n = I
nrdu thudn vdi (2). VAy, kh6ng thd xdy ra A
chia het cho B.
suy

Nh{n x6t.

bii

<:o 23.5

giirir tdt cA deu giAi.dr,1ng. tuy

nhien cich trinh bdv thrjctnu d:ri dong hoic qul vin tit. Ldi
girii ror g(rnr cri : Mnh b)n'h : 1.t' th",rrg i.inh (9'lNK rhi xt
Ninn tlintr;. l'hfi Binh t Dinh'l'hi-lh?tt (r' lirin P] ('S
('huri'n lx lhAi llinh) : /)dt(,Nsr'l'udn ( 9l I' l( S NK'l iiin
I[.iii Ilii I)utrng : Vu t'hutih l.ttrtg 17'l'rrin 1111 Nem sach)
Ithtt Qrturtg t)ui Q'll.l'lNK'lx I Iii I)u,rng) : l'i Mirth ll,ilrrt
(xl I'l('SNK lx Ilii dtrong). +)It liik :- l'hunt l)inh llicir
(7 lrr:in r.huyi'n Nguyrin l)u) ; .Vr,ri Qu(1( Ailh (l{ llrin churc'n
Nguv['n Du). Nam-I)inh : l]ii tltlirrtg lli(p OA l''l 'l li( S
XuAn I][c. XuAn 1'ru<tng) ; llrtitttg Dirth'l uirt 18'lrr;in NK
;

Y yin) Thanh Ilon : l)i Mutlt ('uonS;17'l'NK llinh S,rn.1

l.i' .\'lrrtlt lldi lt)A 'l'H('S ('u ('hinh I:rn lp thenh IIorr) :
ltru ltt'rt ('hi. Itrong Ngtc (iitip 17A NK IIt,Ang IIria) : i.f
llii llnttt (7.^ t::l ('SNK I Lring I [rl;r,1. Vinh long : N.gloor
llo,trtt L)rritt (')' l'I( S lx Vihh L.ng). Vinh Phic: iian

.\'ltQ1

iA"'
'l

Iitt 19('l chuvtn (': 'l am l)),tj :'tr,h llarrng Xuurt

('huvr'n Mt.' I.inh) : l\gulr'n lltnng ( iit 178 ('huyr'n Vin

Irr;rn Vinlr'l r.tctng;.Iiic Ninh | | lni(tn!: fhi

n Srtn ; fIoinl;7ang 19 Chuven'l-o6n NK -l'ie n

ie

l'ltilt 9NK

Sctn)-.

NghC

An: I'hin [hurth Mrnh 1i< liriin NK lp Vinh);Ngrn,r.rr.Vhrr

'l'ltt,rtg
('S I)ong Vrnh) : N6ri.,r,il XuAn (;idt; Oll NK
11,,1 I''l
Ngltia l)an) , Pltirt lhunh [ntnx 19 lir;in A I''l'l l I l,han llii
( harr1.'l'p l16 Chi Minh : I.trtitillttn Vinhr9Ar'l l I('S('hrinh
I lLrng). [Ir'i Ndi:. I.i Arrh Vinh 1B''' I,'l ('S (ii:lns Vo1 ; Nqrrviri
llrili lnlt (7 loAn (ihuyi'.n'lLl LiCm) ; N5rrvririDric tiin l</t

I'l('S ('hu varn nn). Quring Ninh i tt,trit lhi 'li .\'thtr ul'
lll( S NK IIrli I.in}). Ilac liu :.l.ritn Anlt Ntou. l.t.rrttg ihi
,Vlrrirr lrtA Chuyf n tsac LiCu). Quing Ngii : 'tibn Phrt Rhanh
(ul ('huyen I.e Khret);N5z4,irr Vdn Khdi ((.r'liriin ChuyC'n
Nghr:r Ilanh) 1'l rtn thi llich fitiv ( (' foAn Chuycln LC Khi.ar).
An (iiang : Iltfiilg.l'hdnh t.am i,rl' (lhuva'n lhoai
I-ong Xuyen).

Ngr.rc I liiir

I)NN(i VIIl,N

Bni T21138 : Gid, st) a, b, c ua d ld cac

sd nguy2n duong th6a m,an hai h.4 thic

b2+l=acudc2+l:bd,.
Chingminhrang: a+c:3b ud b+
*d. = 3c
Ldi giei : Gia st phudng trinh
,:+-yz *l:pxy (1) vdi p N* cci nghi6m
(r ,.y) v6i r ,.y N*
Goi tAp hop tdt cir citc nghiOm niry ld M
.

i+y

vdi mqi

(r,y) e M.

* Ndu xu: !,, thi thay vao (1) ta crj

Ui+ t = px2 * I -- @ -4r?, = p = 3
'' Neu x,,* y,, thi do vai trb binh ding cta
x vi y d tl'i n6ii cci thd gia sri r,, ( J',,
X6t phrrong trinh : y2 -px,J +r,] + 1 : O
t2t vdi dn .y thi y,, ld rndt nghiOnr cria t2)
Ggi .y, la nghiEm cdn lai cua (2t thi theo
dinh li Vi-et ta cci
!,, * Jt = pxovd !,Jt = xl, + t. Ta co ( 1,, ;
y) e M = J,, . yl Tt hai he thfc tren lai
:

CO:

,; + t -px,,:!1J,,-!,,-Jt=
: (Jt-l\(y,,- i) - 1 > ,i,-l

(viy, 7 !r,)r,,1 = _Pr,, ( 2* p =

hoac p : 2 Nhung x2 +y2 * I >Zr1' > xy v6i
x, ! e N* nen (1) kh6ng cci nghi6m nguy6n
duongkhip:7 ho1cP=2
Chung t6 : Ndl ( 1) cri nghiOm nguydn dtrong
v6i o EN-thi p:3.
Ap aq"g ket quh tr6n vio bdi todn ta thdy
Tt b2 *l=ac + b2+ 1i c = b2+i *1i
(3). Trrong tu thi cung cd cz +b2 +li b (4t.
Yi b2 + 1i c + (b, c) =
1

r:

Do dcj.tr) (3,), (4) ddn ddn b2 +cz + 1i bc

+ b2 +c2 +l=pbc vdip N- Do b, c
N* vA-k6i qua da chrlng Ininh d tlen thi p =
3 + bJ *cr * 1 = 3abc + ac +cr = Sabc +
& * c = 3b (vi c N*), Trrong tu nhu tr01r

cungccib*d=3c.
NhQn x6t :

1. Bai to6n tr6n ccf thd giAi theo nhrrng

c6ch khdc, nhung ncii chung ddu di ddn chring
nrinh : "NCu (1) cci nghi6m nguyn duong thi
p :3. (v6ip N.) ".Chdng han co the dua

vdo ( r.,],, ) M, nhung x,, { J ; V 6;r)

M (chV kh6ng x6t x,, *1l, ( - +y nhr: ldi giAi
tr6n). Khi d6 (2) cd cdc nghiOm !,,,!1 > x,,
- Zr?, + | - px!,= 0 -+ P*?, = Ul + t < 3r2 *
p < 3. Nhung P*,1 = ,?, + yl * | > 2x,y,, +

+p>2.Ttddp:3

2. MOt s6 ban lam qu6 gon nhttng l4i m6c

sai ldm.'Ching han, tit tilng vd cila hai h6
thrlc 6 giA thiet din d6'n
3b h + d) : 3 c b *c) . Sau dd'do thdy"
L, ;t c n6n iJb : a*c vd b + d : 3c t2t.
Honc Ii x6t phrrong trinh X : - 3 bX + b)

*1=0
cci 2 nghiOrn phdn bi6t X, X, thoa nrAn
Xr +X. = 3 6 vd X, Xr'= b'+'l , nrd o.r
= b z + 1''n6n".a * c : 3b (2)

3. (}'rc han cri

I<)i

giii

tlring

vi tnnh lral

nr;rc]r l:rc hrlrr

la : N5z.r'irr .\itt l.ldi,(l l'i [ .irm S,rii. l'hr nh 116r : l loirtt ltirt*.
I liC! Srtn Jiic Ninh:/.rrrr li,lrt l)rir. xli : ( hu\in Unil

(,

IIi Ti\: l'hutn

NsurLin Ilinh'Klrri'ni.
'thiIr:,r'l/rn.'t'1.
Dirng Nai ; ,Nglirr
iiirth l'|unt. t)('. Ngi.'.
-l'iEn Ir'rnr. Ilit Ndi
Ngtve n Ngr An l)huottg. S l'. ('ai I;iv.
Oiang ; l ritt
Vinh. Ngh An; lrirr
l'han l](ri (lhiru.
Qudc llitnl;,9'l'A.
-l-rl't
()x.
Vinh ; Tiirr .\lgri rt l h,'.
linh I rrtng, LV I !I .lifinl rr.rng.
9l l, lli Tinh : 'l rhn
Anh.()'l . I.i. (Ju\, I)i,n. Khrinh
'|udn
'l'iCn
llim ; D4n,; Ngoc
9'1.,
ILli Th6i Binh
II,xr.

Ll;, 'lI I()N(i NI

L\',1

Bei T3/238 : Gidt phuang trinh

x3 +2fix2 *7x * t/7 - 1 = o
Ldi giei : 13 + 2r[1x2 *7x * d7 - t =

<+r(r+ f7l2+r/7-t:O

<=+-r((n + filr - l) + x_+r[7 - 1 =

.+:r[(x +V7 + l)(x +1/7 - l)l +_

lhanh LAm.9T Thoai Nsoc Hdu. L.onu Xuvn: Il:rc I.iu :

T'ruong Ydn Nni, 8A Ch;y6n Bac I iiu.' trbh Anh Aioa. 8.\
('iruvdh Ba. l.iu .. .lrin Th{ ,\4inh. x,\ ( l[rvf'n lt;r,. l.iCLr.
0

\'a' KlM l ila'\

Bei 1151238. Cho tant gid.c ABC uoi coc

didm M (nanr gixa B, C) ; N (nii.nt giila C,
A) ; P (no.nr giua A, B). Goi A,, 8,, C, lit cac
trung didnr tyotlg itng c{ta AM, BN,-CP.' Chnn g
ntinh riing ti sd dt(n tich coc lam gioc A,B tC t.
MNP khdng pltu thuoc uito ui tri cio coi dit-'rit

+x+V7 -I:0
<-(: *fi - t)["r2 + 0[7 + 1)r + 1] = 0
+VZ

= 0thi tacdx,=t -fi (1)

Neu *2 + f[7 + 1)r + 1 = 0 thi- ta ccj
A = (f7 + 1j - 4 = 4 +2t[7 .> o
(V7 + 1) +Vq +2li

-N6ux

Vay

co ,:: Z
- (rI7 + 1) - {4TNT

\=T

._ Tg- lai phrrong trinh

(3) nhrr tron.

NhAn x6t :

cic l,ti

M,N,P

gir'ri

t2t

^'/ \t
t,t--'
.
' t, '\,tl

t..9

(3)

c-,

c-1,,'

\t/
---c

Lt-\\
8xt.r Ji

ccj 3 nghi6m (1), (2),

(r

co rdt nhiEu ban eui loi eiAi. Hdu h6t

d6u gidi dung nhu loi gi;'ii tr?n.

Bdi T41238 : Clrc

hi giac ABCD uot hai

goc
ntinh riing ABib o.
ktronis piai'n iu s;*
ngoot liip.
td AB > CD. Ching

"

iai giai :

Siouitc"ar,

lB

>D

'rL---

ca

1Ka-il".
/ \.,,' \

-;rI
rt

tlt x

i.fr 1)

,N,'.\

X-

dudng cheo uuong

B a-t

r(i NcuyEN

'X!,

,, -.- \\\,
RK
'7
li,--,1-=L- l:,

'4

phii thay beng AB < BC < CD thi dd bni rn6i

dring (ho4c AB * BC * CD).
Theo dinh li Pitaso ta cd :
BCz - AB: - (Coz + Bo2) - (Bo2 + oa:t
: (CO2 + Do2) - (oA: + Do2l
= CD) - AD:
Din den (BC + AB)(BC - AB) :
= (-qp + AD)(CD - AD)
(1)
Nhung
do
<
BC
CD
n6n
BO
<
OD.
bo
-.
oo:
AB < AD vd tr] dri ta cd BC + AB < CD
+ AD (21
Tt (tlvd (2) su.y ra : BC +AD > CD +
+ AB. (dpcm)
NhAn x6t :

(lic-ban sau dirv d:i qhan xet dring vC s(, xuiil cua rl0 b:ri
va digiii.s:ru khi rhav OOi Iai giA rhi8t
Bdc N in h : Truoig Th i fr,;, 9NK TiCn St\n. I-! e i,.,, 7r,,r.
gCT Tin \ttn. Nguyn That Hidu,
TA NK fin So"n. ttii
lruong : 'Ii in QuangDai, 9 I I . pTNK r inh, A,rrn.ti-n Thi Hudns.
98 NK llrrrnh HA; Hi Noi : Nguyia lruni L:ien 8CT T:j
:

Dinh Hd,8Ar Nguven TrLJdngYl6, Nguyn Thi

!igT. lOU,',,
Minh Thou.9C Ngqc Lim. (i-i;r-LAm, L ?uhns."gM Mari
Quyi ; Li Anh Vinh,SAt (iiang Vo : Nam Dinh :'[rhn guang
Vtnh,-8|.^NK \_Yn, Phirng Vtin HuAn NK
Thriy,

Q_Gjao
Nguyirt_(',itg Tudn, 8T TrAn t)Ang Ninh ; Thanh
Hrta t Ddii
Manh I ui rt. L Tidn Trung. 9T-Lam San, 'fdrry Thdnh Vtt.
gTN
NK'linh
Vi?iHung,
Gia.
Mai
NK
Bim"Son. //,,arr{,
18.
Trung Phtrortg, gll IIA ChAu, HIi -truns, Dd,n Thi ilA.8i
'l rriu Sth. LA
Ngttt (iiung 9l NK I kxjn! Hoa : NCh6 An :
:\.We1 Vdn Wnh.9A._.lltrng Lrie. Yinh.Phutt I iir'Bdi,9TA

: IIir 'l'inh : l,hun C1ng Dtr, . (r'l t. NK Ha

Tnh; Qudng Binh : /.t' err'tng Trun{.8]rt. pham XuAn
'ltien
Phan B6i Qhau

Tin.8T. NK HAi Dinh. D6ns Hoi : Thla

- Hu6 :
Hu\nh t'ing Phudc,g', NzuvEn Tri phudne Kh6nh Hda :
frin ] udrt Atll. q] . Le Quf 6on ; Dbng Nil : I i, H*u Danh,
dl Ngr-ryn Binh Khi6m, Bi6n Hda ;-ltCn4 t ('hurrc Nhdn

PhLi.9Tl Nguvr:n An Kitrrrng. lloc M(rn:An (iiang ) tt,ilns

'V r --\Ao Al

ldi grel. Trtroc hdt ta phdt bidu vd chlingl

nrinh bd dd sau day : "Neu Idy tr6n c6c canli
qC,q4,AB cua tam gi6c ABC:cac didm tuon;1
:Jng M, l/, P vd c5c diem M,, N,. P, lan luoi
doi xrrng vgi-M. N P qua cdc {run[ dif nr t rronll
dng cia BC, CA, AB thi di6n tich cac tanr
$ac M,N,P, vd. MNP bang nhau". Dal o. 6. ,.
-vi z'Ii cdc do dai Jla AC, CA, AB vit
"a r, CN,
BM,
AP. ta cci cdc so do shi tronc hinh
I vA hinh 2. Coi S(ABC tlA don -vi, ta cci"chang
han trong h.l : S(BMPI: x(c - z.t :oc, ...T)it
dd. tt LABC, ta ccj thd so sinh hai tam gidr:
dang xet bang cric so.s6nh tdng din tichiia
ba tam gizlc cbn lai trong hai trrr:dng hc,p tr/c,ng
tlng nhu sau
trrgng dng r huoc Br)Cr). ('(r4{).
. 3.. 9,. 9: "dlg
A,,ts,,.Ap dq'ng
bci de tren, ia cci SrA',d',t',i :
SiAiBICI r. TacciAABC - A,,8,,C,, rt'a-nh-tu-ong
rlilg_sqrg song) Tr6n hai cahh tirong fng Rii
:

ii f :'nt r'ii' t r'^",,' i r'u". ;111 ; * ,u ;,

hai phdn trl tuong itng trcing hhi tanr-gidc dong

d4ng dci. Tttong tu, la cung cci cac-phdn trr
tuong fng:8. voi N, C, voi P VSV LA,B,C,
t-udng ting vdi LMNP ria do dci ch[ng-d6n[
dang, va ta cci S(A,B.C,) : S(MNpl :'().br :
0,25 : kd. Md S(arB,C,) : S(A.B.C.) n6n

ta

cci dpcrn.

Nhin Xe!t, ( ,, 7.1 hAi ciar. rar cA dCu gr.jr drins vtrr
tdc cach gr;ii klrac nhau-'lrrlng-.s6 d_,,. co thd ir.u..:ich"giii
d5c sdc sau (la\' (lic rSng n[[oi eiAi klr6ne slri rt.n vA ?i;,
chi) : Goi 1../. A l;'r cdc tnrng rliri rU,lns it-nicu:, I/\' .Vi,,

PM^. ta c6_clrang l't;rn B t l I / A rA'1r'r . irng I . i/r). sirv r;r \ ( it ; I 1A

S(./l rA). ... i:tr tlo tirtrr v;ro ltrr. Xuir:la'r
Ktr' i(..j d r lrttnl
minh 51zl
.r11.151 - rr,551.\/.\'1,r lriins t;tch so sirnlr

lt("1 9o I{ai Durrng : I-6 Minh Hodng 1it titNr i'inrr.1 ;",uri
Ilu.t' Kien (91 I I'lNK Tinh;. Thanh Hrir : /.i Ngoc Gian!
(9l NK Ho5ng IItr;l. Nam'l)inh : Trkrr Lttr,trtqViith. Hodrt<
Dinh'l'trdn (it'l oan NK V Yr.n). NghQ An : )vgtwirt llbn,g
tfrng 4in rrch blr l;rm gr;rt.rrrn lar tL.tthg irnr. L?i giiri tfir g6nr

Dac (9At NK Yr'n Thanh) ; Hodng Minh Phrtc (98 Nghi Lien,
Nqhi l.6c). Vinh Phric : Nguyin Thunh Td i9li ChuyCn 1'oin
y5n I ac.). Hi Tinh : N5zviir Anh Tti 19 I r PTTI INK Tinh).
Th6i Biirh : D(ng Ngec Tudn (e'r Pl'(lsNK

l^"X?,r^
Bei TGi238 :

Cho day sd thuc {xn}.

m.an cd.c dibu hintxl :2

ixn+t:

*oa

4w3
. *n.

+l

*4n

5*n

Vn > 1.
Ching nrinh cac bd.t dd.ng thic sau

Tudn. (l1CT PTNK Hni Hting) cung da chring

minh drroc cAc bdt (*).
2ol Bang phrtong ph5p cira Ldi girii n6_u tr6n,
cdc ban Hoitng Tilng (l6p 9 Truong NK Ti6n
Son, B6c NinL) vdLe Hong Hit (11A PTCT
DHSP Vinh) da chfng minh dtroc rang

,,

+1ls
(r"(

l.a +. -r' +\ >

arrtl - .
3 3 ' 3) 5x, \""

4 1t5

zt

15

Hdn nua, d6 thAy, rn la s6 hrru ti Vn >- l.

tfr"

Vi the, xn +
O" > 1. Suy ra, ddu ":"
I ,
trong bdt dAng thfc tr6n kh6ng thd xiy ra,
nghia ld ta ccj
a tls
(i)
Yn >- I
r.,t r >
:

T;

1b

se chring

rn+t (

minh

1). Khi

+1lz

grii Ldi giei toi To:r

-hrfng minh rang day {"r"} Id day flram thr-tt:

su. Tuy nhi6n, LiiL cit cdc'chf ng minh cua cdc
ban d6u sai, do c6c ban da m6c phAi m6t trong
c5.c sai ldm sau :
o Nhdm l6n trong so sdnh c6c s6.
o Khdng thu6c c6c tinh chdt co bAn crla
bdt ding thrlc.
o Kh6ng n6m vrlng cac suy lu6n lOgic co
bdn. Chang han. kh6ng it ban de cho rang
"Ndu kh6ng co x.* r ) r. Yn > | lhr pltdi cti
.f,- < -r-,, Vn 2'1''(. ? li.'
' +"/ Ud sd sudit, dd bai dE drtoc in ra kh6ng
chinh x6c {-r^ da the ch6 -r-, r trong dey bdt
cdn chtlng minhl. So sudt riily da duoc tat ca
c6c ban grli ldi giAi md lbng khoan dung rni
lrrong thrl cho.
:

NGUYEN THAC UINTi

BiLi T71238 z Hay xd.c dinlt tdt cd. cd,c b6

bo sd thuc ,o. b. c) soo clto hitnt :

oo:
,?*r < (1,7)3 : 4,913 < b + xf,*r<bxr*,
(do x,. > 0) (3)
Hdir'the, tr] (l t ta con ccj
xk"r )
7 ldo lb, i)
Tt) (3) vd (4) suy ra

nvn>'3'

soan d6u chrlng minh bai todn bang phtigng

phap khAo sat Lim s5. Nhi6u ban d6 cd g6ng

1,7 (2) Vn > l.

y6in =I ta cci ; 12r- =24 +l -'r,
10 -r,'
GiA st,'da crj (2) vdi n : k (ft >

30/ Dai da sd c6c ban

Tidp theo, bang phrrong ph6p quy nap theo

z. ta

>- 3.
:

j<xn+t<2Vn > 1.
Ldi siei tc'ia Trd.n Tud.n An.h. - 9 To6n
TrrrdngT,e Qui D6n, Nha Trangt : Y'i x, = |
> 0 n6n tt c6ng thrlc x6:c dinh day tr.) suy
> )Yn > 1. Do do, Vn > | ta co
ra"r-n1lli

'u" f

zVn

Tuy nhi6n, cung bnng phriong pi6p dci. ta

cdn c<i thd chrlng minh duoc bdt chnt hon

4 of ^
i,

= 3.5r**, > 1

t4)

co

f,x) =rr\+6rl*cx*l
tinh cnht.: lfrul < l udi mei x e t-1 ; 1l
giii : Tt) /(r) < 1 Vr [-1 ; 1] suv

,, lut
0 V+ e I-l ; 1l
. x\ox2*6x *c)'. <'x(ax'
Tt dd ta cbn c6
- bx * c) < 0 Vl
e[-1 ;1]
Sr,r'.r'.. -r|ftor2 + ctZ - b2x2l > 0 Vx e
t-1 ; il Ddn t6i': rot2 +c)J < bzx2 v.;r e [-l
1l

(*

r = 0, tt (*) ta drroc c : 0. Khi dc,

f(x) : ox.\ + bxz + I
*X-r +1 < S,rrp-p1.=+# < 1,7, hay
Do-1 <f(r) <1Vr[-1 ;1]n6n-1 <
r'.*r ( 1,7. Di6u ndy cho thdy, ta cung cci (2) f(1) < 1 vd.-l < f(-l) < 1, hay
v'6i'n=k+1.
l-l=a+6+1<1
Theo nguy6n li quy nap, (2) drroc chrlng
l-1<-o*b+1<l
minh Vz > 1.
Suyra:L2<6<0(1)va
VQy, tcim lai
l-(b+2)<o<-b
+2t < -a < -b
l-(b
4 tr5
(*)
<lmin
l-ti, o + 2\ \2).
lol
=
1b.rir+i(I,7Vrt>I
Ngrroc lai, v6i c = 0 vd o.6 th6a tlt, (lt
41lB r
ta cci": voi x E
; 1l thi :a^x < loxl < lol
Oo ,t , B 1,7 < 2 n6n tt c6c bdt d&ng S -b+o.:r*6 t-l
<
0
"U
ox > - lqnl > - l"l > - b *2) + o.x +
thrlc tr6n ta cd cac bdt ding thrlc cdn chrlng
b>--2
minh trong dd bai.
Nhr.i vAy : -2 < ox *b < 0 Vr e [-1 ; 1].
Nhan x6t : 10/ Bang phrtong phrip khAo
Suv
sht ham s6, cdc ban Triln Nam, Dung (llT
"-2ra< -2x2 < o;r3 + bxz < o vr t-1 ; 1l
Duc
vd
Phi^rng
Vinh)
Phan
BOi
Chau,
PTTH
Cho

f(x\
' ld ham

KTI

hay

t-l ; ll

1ltxtl < 1vx e

Vdy, tat cd cdc bO ba s6 cdn tlm ta tdt ca

cac bO (a, b, O) v1i a, b th6a (1) va (2).

Nh{n x6t

: Co rdr nhid-r ban erli tdi siai t6i Tda

sopn Tuynhi-n. trong sti cdc ldi girii ma chring rO'i nhan dt_toc
c6 ral it_ldi giai d[ng. C6c han sau dAy co l<ti giii dung :
vi

Duy-Tudtr tl2A Pf l-H Ns6

Si-

Lien. SEc Gianpt

l. Xuhn ihanh 1y't"fH Ha Long.Quring Ninhl ; Lc riA;

Anh 1t)B PTCT DITKHTN DHeG Hn Noi) ., Trhn Nam
fllts_t t_l 9J _prTH P-h.a1 BOi Cheu. vi nh) ; Hb's, Nspc (1 0A
I'lCT DHSP Vinh Nsh An) : Trhn Chi Hn; (p"ffHNK
alrj^pi-n h ) : Trh n TE a n h Tnn g (2 Ao p f1H Lc Hb ng phong
Q-ll
IP. tfqM) id Mai Thanh Dilii Ot't Tnrong Nguy?n Du]

[)nklak;.'

NGUYEN KHAC MINH

Bei T8/238. Xdc dinh cdc g6c cia tam gid.c

ABC bie't rang

A+c = 72o,,rd?:"
tt +a

=2cosC_

Ldi giii. Cdc bdi giai gti ddn drroc chia

thdnh ba nhcim. Nhcim l giaitheo phuong ph6p
chri y6u dua va.o bi6n ddi lrrong giac. XESm 2
giAi theo.phttong phrip chir ydu -dua vao bidn
doi dai s6 va nhcim 3, k6't hop girra hinh hoc,
luong giric vd dai so.
- C(tch 7 . Tt gie thi6't, suy ra ngay B

va:

sin-B

,to

sinC

:2cosc -

si"B +"irra
(dung dinh ly ham

f
o---z tr5 _
7 +srnA
VB
'; cosA -,
,Z + rts
+ sinl tZU'

t/ iJ

O_

60"

:2cos(l2U' -A)

-l

sinA

+ sinA

"i,ay-r

0.

Vi viy {*) c+s6sr4 - 0 <+A = 90,,.

Ket ludn :A : 90,' ; B = 600 ; C = B0(,.
Cach 2. Ta cci B : 60.,. Sri dung dinh li
hdm sd cos, ta cci
b +c
;_-=2cosC-1<+
o +a
b *c
a2 +b2 -c2 -ab
(1)
:

b *a
ab
1
a2+c2-b2
.^ cosB:
<-olr + i: - b) =
;:
^,"
o -.
.
-Z(
ac eo' - c' = a. - ac (2.) Th6 (2) vio (1),

ta duoc

b *c
O-=
b *a
b *c
b +a

a2.+ a2

ac

Do vdy cosA

ab

(a

= 0, hay A :

TrungThdnh,-T6 Ngei Phons, Le Thdnh Nam, Thdi Neu16n :

Vu Tudn Anh, Ddm Cbng DinR Le Quane Huv, B)nh"Dfrnh :
Tudn. Trai lhiiitg_Qa", Vinh l,ony: Njuyitt
{yy:lDlnh
tliryh !rudng,__lgo M_inh Quang,"Bic Ninh : Nguvin Thirtdo,
NgO Quang Hidn, Hodng TinX lr'xutnn Xudn" Sdny. Truons
'thi Thao,
Trhn ViQt Phuong Phqm Huv Dtic. TP tfCM : Li
Anh^Minh, N_guyn ! Latc,"Nguy1n Diy KiQt. Trinh L Tuin,
lg,Qya1g Nary, NghQ An : Ngttyin Wit Tang, Ng6 Anh Tudn,
Ilb
Si Ngac, Nguyin Ngpc H-d, Ddns Dtrc iianh, Trbn Nam
Dung Phan Huy Hodng Trhn Thaih Hilnp, Nfliv1n Ouanp
(a1 An[, NguyEn Thanh Hdi, NplZi raiTudi,
$nhlhgn
Play Tlrd An f, N gtlyAn Cblh Khdnh, A oan! Minh t,tt uc. N guyi n
Dinh Qudn, Nguln Khdi Ldm, Nsuvn fruns Hda. Le"Hbns
N-Eyf |uy, Nguyn Vd*n'Dtic, Dubng rnans Siic".
14
p!ng,Xu!1
Huy N!oc, phan Vldt Tidn, Lc van'Dung.
Xudn Khoa. Nguyfn
l9uv(_n Th.nh. T6n BichH_odi, Nguyin
Huy V*. Thria Thi6n
Hud : "Le Van H6a. Dinh Trung
Trung
Hidu,-Trtut Nhu euang, pharn Tidn Dqi,
YyAlg.llgqrA
L3.
lhlrhdn!,.?dnS_Ugy?f NhQr Nqm, Hiiynh c6ns ehudc,
rryfs !!ieu, HlTinh : Nguyin Thdhh Tru.nf, Duons
2in!
'l-udn

.- Zc)(b + c)

90o vi" C

B0o.

r!a!.

Anh; Nryyin

L1t_ong.Himg

lldr

.Q.y.on.S,

Tdg

Plg"

lla,

D(ig'Vdn Cdnh. Bic"Gang:

VifiNgec,_Nguyin Ti(n MaFh,

Vu Duy Tudn. \ldnpy6n: Nsuvitt

ViitAnh,.Vu Tudn Long. Phfi Tho : Ddo ManT Thdns. NA;vCn
Ngoc I hdng Nguy(n Kim Sd. Hd Hodne Vuons. NpuT,en\inh
l.'hu.ong,
-.Trhn Th! -Hoi Mai, Trhn Ani Tudn:Ta"fi*, Oa"g.

D(ng Hodng Vift

ly4n7f!*

Dan6 Nam Dinh :-Nga Mqnh Ciunk. philngvd1t

N_ry11 Thu !!tuy, tlgy1igrt,S Tudn,

lyanr
Nguyn Vdn

vi

r hin'Nhu,

Quang HoiingKm. Hai Plidne, rdneAnh'Tudn t

ua ryg1.S
Ph_4m tldn rQp, Phqm oil:qns rtteu. Nsuyn
!!gn!+
Bdc Hdt, Hd Duy Hung Dodn Manh Hd- Ddc"Ifc : L"Dinh
Sllrl,J-e Nlrqnh Qui. Nguydn Thien Binh, Hodns phuong Lt
Thd Ttu, Truong XuAi Nghin, Trhn Nptvtn Nv. Mai T"hanh

yen B6i : Hoang

_LC Treng Wnh. Nguyn Hidu fn-a6.
Thdng, LA Minh fiiZ, Nsuven Trony TuAn, Tybn Ani
Quqn6 .Bni Vdn Sj,, LA Hbng Haij Npy|n Tidn Dnns. Nguyeil
X u d n K i n, T q Xufu1 Hu n s" N-Rtlv i n H in i C u d n e. N eu v d n T"rub n s
O1t1tg,

fidn

Phdi LC Minh tuic, Ho[nshi?n Th1n"s. Vinff pfiic z w*uifl

Tidn Ttu, Npy1n Duy Tdn, Nsuyfln iruns LdD. noans'rtinn

!u.dnr_L!

ab

2a-b-c e

ecl, : ls.

Nhfn x6t : Cec ban sau dAv c6 ldi eiii r6t

Tri Vinh z Trhn Hu\tnh Thd l(hanh. Trfr Ouans lhdi.
P h qm Th d Nhi Tnzang, L6in Dbn g : Tru on g A nh fl a n.'tttguy n
fudc Duy, B6n Tre : Nsuydn"phuons"Nho. Nwvin'NhAr
*^.\t: Li6l
, t .uong Thi Nn_ory.eiung B\n\": Nguyin
!run .gKi!y.. Nguyin Vdn Binh, DA Hdi t,hti-Duong L"N"an.
l.rkn H*u_ Ltrc. ti.uong Vinh Lary TrAn
\yyf1 V,:t pti7,
B!1h-: Nguyin vhn 7 huni, Nguyin Nam Ha,
Llt
.U.ar.t!6i
tlii thanh Hdng Ninh B\nlt : Va Itdi Chnir, Nli Tho : Cnau
r.'1tng,Di!3, TiEn Giang : Nguyin phon fhnih. Hi T6y :
'l-rung

p4y

.-2{5 cos2A 2{3 cosA : - zsiru4rcosA

-,c_osAIV3(l +cosA) +siMl = 0 (*)
Do0<A<180"n6n
r/glt +cosA) *sinA >

: :: =+
AC 2b
b*c Za-c
^Suy ra : b+c:2cosC-le
-|
U*
6 ao= 2i
e62 - az - bc + t1
iob -*o".=ol + c2 - a"
= 02 - bc +;ru 11ro, L,o+ c,(o - 2ct =
0ea=2c.
Do dci : b = cV5<+sss(l : f .-C : 30".
2
Suy ra A : 90".
vu6ng AHC : cosC

Nguy,n

sci sin)

:, t;cosA*f
+

1209,.--suy

: HAB =
c
9^
30". 118 = , HC:a-T.Trongtamgi6c
z,

rytuo11g, Nguyn_Uqnll Thdng, Ltru Tidn Di*-c.

Nguyn_Quang Huy, Nguyn Hd Duy, Phan Thanh hthng Nguyn

AS

Cdch 3. Tt di6u ki6n A * C :

: 600. Ha AH t BC. Ta c6

ra B

ryd lhlnn, +c Hbng'phugng,"Ng;i6n Thinh

Til,

Ddo Xudn ThAn, Cao Thd Thu-Nsuvdn*Dtc"fodn. Luu Tidn

p1r1S Le H o a"g Linh.
Duonf ! N guyc n Dinh S on, H o dn s
XuAn Qujt, Ddo Thu MaL Ln Vdn: Biti-Thu Thdi, Nstrvirt Vdi
LuQt, Phdng Dnc ludn, Vu Xudn Wnh, Trkn Dai Nshl a, N Ruvi rt
Hbng Thdi. Dd Ndng : NguyEn Thd Dung, Npy{n.z.nh 1idn,

$ii

ry .fS
Hu n h

pry

Phong NguyEn'Tdn Phong-Ngily?n Ch{ Cydnp.

Tr d n Qu 6 c,

N gtyC n

Vd n D d u, Di ;h

f i dh h Trun g N guye n

- 2{ScosC > 0,
hay ld (j"irr2r +f,sinzc - f;sinrslnc ) +
+ (|cos']r +|"orzc + 2 + fscosBcosC _ Zrxis9 _ ZcosB _ 2,[ScosC) > O,

.\r:,r, l/cir, .\'rritriri 1i)ri{ I'irn. Irttt l iir l)tirtt Vtztr'1./'rrr:

I)lni.Yn
iij,i' iitirr,l, ii;,,;. i ii,. A.su.tr:rt //'r',tri /ir'rnlr.
'tii,,1)i
tritr I)lrli /.riirr' Qrring
.Vi.
Ituni':i''i,'
tnuuh.t.u,,,t.
tt'Ii l
N*tin vrrlt I ti'n. Qiring Ninh z I 'i Xtrirt lhinlt' llixr

l'iti I-"rtq'- \'gtr-v:/i ()ridlr'( //rarq l'ong An :

rlinri
'7i'"' il,,;i, Rtt,intt Ilr)r-r : li,r lrtirt lrth oiit
i.l,,i:,.,,'i)",,,ti
lii",
hi,
;,' l l:l'' J l;t' I ( I;,'Jil; ?;;t ii,f \')1,:'iin'J;''i'i
'i"ir',;),
I)dttll' II Kltu'
i-l;,,.; /)r,iri I)trng Nrri : ti; lliilt .lilrtt,
iii)t',,i i't,r,i ,trtlt litirt [lr't N(ri t l!"inq
.\4ut Xttirr

1il5
.-1tr7-sinB-ffisinc1+
1gosB + \'ts sc-rf2\l>o

ilrr',,,,r. l)trrrttt l'tIr llrotg..\";rniirr l)ri'

l)it
;i,:;,, i,' ii,t, i i,,t,. .V1rnr"rr Xrr,irr l "rtx' t." l ttirt .'lrtltlho'
'ii't:r'
jiia,,', .lgo l-ttuni' i-tittg, l!rtirrg I urr, 'JSri.ttrrt l.)*t
iirr,r',irr ( rr.,rrlj L,ic, .\'qtrvirt I')lirtlt L iritt, N'.gttitt 'Vurt.h ll.i' l'ltuttt
'\r;utirt \i.l'ltrttg'
'iiiiliti ,:i,ii i.,t-iri,rix
tlh,ihtIi,in.l'hutttt'inqI)in7i
IIr'u : /.,'Xrrclr /)rirr,q. \.,.rr.t.in. l^lii \rtrt'
ij,r,i.,',,i,
'l
hutth t tii, Ilru I huclt I'irn' ('utt
i.rru
ti't)i r);i,i ttlorlr, ,\'grn'irr
.\4anh 'l'udn' Lt Xuan Qur?-rt'.l loattg
i)i,,,
lit,i,,,,,,i't.,,u,,.
ttt,l,i,,',,1'i,,t?),,'.
tii, Iit,t l'lt,rtq. l.l Ilrtirtq lrtlt ( 't't Xtrirt \inh
l.hittq,'
ii,'i;)i.'i.l,ir, iui'i nt /lrri. \(ratirr t)u.t tIn. \lttt Anh ()tr
uttt"
rt.
.\l ru l )o l' i t I',,u rt, \'t'l^ti/r Tilol('/'lil'/r( \'\'11\'i.rl ^V)
i't' t jr.r ttrptt. 1.,' 1l'lnh lirn. Inrttng Mirilt luirt. /.1' V.,-r1c
I itth. !)tt Vd; Ctti,' tt, l.i ('fu Vrr' ttt\' l rtrr ntt N';rn I tttL'tt' I dtt

\4ar]t' 'tlttrtirt. l u.tt

+ ( ,fZ

Lt

ht)t;h vi1.

(r)
lsinB-!3sinC:0,
(i!)
lcosB+{5cosC=2;
(i) vn (ii) roi cong ve

Binh lhrrong hai ve

d6i ve, ta drloc
(sin2B + co/Bl + 3(sinzC + cos2Cl +
:

+2r/3cos(B+C) = 4
Tt dd sry ,a '. -cosA - 0 haY A = 90"
Tt (i) ta dttoc
sinB sin(C+A) cotC - .[.
- sinc' ' "
;irrc = -- sin-- -^
vadodci.
\aycotgC = fg SuYra:C:30o
B=600
I'A

'li'hn I|iotg L/itr'

Xtt1n l-htn'

N(iI:YI',N VNN

MN

I.

Bni T9/238 ' Ching nlinll rang' udi ntoi tant

siac ABC to ludn co :
'"*- -ffi.rta 2cosB + 2r/5cosC < 4.
Khi ndo xdy ra dd.u ":" ?

Ldi giei
Liti g*idi 1. Co 6t nhi6u c6ch giAi bdi toan
ndv. sai div xin gioi thi6u ldi giAi cira tac giA
d6"to6n. B.b.T cdn chrlng ninh tuong duong
voi cosA
hav la

24

-r.y

vd

cosB

2cosC

T,i1n lai, ddu dang thrlc xAy ra khi

khi:2 :

. ffi,
vu

cosA

B, '

Th6 thi ta co

*-

a--, --n

= 2:(o=t+62+;2r:i.(1+;+;\ Ddu "=" xay ra ml a-+z*1 io:-fr'"gni^

la , 7= Btt, f = cA' ,7: A'8" t6ng
do B'C'= 1. c'A' = g . A'B' : ] va tam
mdc

A'B'C' vu6ng d A' cd c4nh huy6n B'C' =

T Oa thdX rang-A'B'C' ld m6t nila tam gi6c

ddu, cci : A' = 9e , B' = 60' , C' = 3A'.
Vav, aau "ding thrtc" xAy ra khi ve chi khi
tam gi6c ABC vu6ng d A vd Ia nl6t ntta tam
gidc d6u co B :60'. C = 30'.
ldi giai ntia.
2. tciti Trdi Hung Vi6t, 11A, TH

Sau day la mdy

Lai

eid'i

lan Ba Dinh, Nea Son, Thanh Hcia va

V, fiai Cnarr, tnldng Lrrong Van Tuy, Ninh Binh).
B.D.T cdn chilng minh tuong drrong v6i :
i3
+ 2 + {3cos(B + C) - 2cosB chuven

;.

2ei+ tl3r", +cr:9*

1r-+6'+ aPl
1,.

AB'

B.D.T ndy dring. ThAt vdY, vi

++
(T+6-+
cfi > 0n6n

+? -

CA'

= 4 * 3+ 1 - 2({BcosA + 2cosB + 2riScosC).

Ti dd ta duoc
{5cosA * 2cosB * 2{5cosC ( 4. d.p c nr
Dau dAngJhrlc 5!t.u khi va-Ehi khi

+62

ld c6c vticto don vi cta cec canh BC, C'A. At)

cria
tanr sj].ac ABC. nghia ld : ----8"+cA+EB
nz -). =
n, =

LL+

ir*I

chr

9oo, B = 60", c - 30"

Lai srdi " (Loi giii vectd cria Trarr \am
Dung, IlT, P',. i.l Phan eg qlaq-\ghc An
va niot so ban khdo. Gsi (. q.,i; Ian lr'rot

+t .rrrorn* t 9cosC -< 1; (1)

^ + BC ;* VECA .-c:, 7AB
Goio-=
an.rrhd
Auit
*.0:;
thi de tirav : (1) <+-167'+ az-+ oFl < t
*;17'+T'+c= -(0-+6-+cf' <

f I

'l

E-co

g.O f . lu6n dung va dcj ld d P c rrr.

Dau dang thtlc iaY ra khi va chi kht

(
+a
lelel =
^-?,
-+ + e;' : 12erlItriSo,
l"'"'
<+< +
-+,-'t+
l(2et
1",n., =
'
r' + e); : (V3c,1-

f)
<-i r

t'

-,

eu'
lB = 60'
Nhlr vdy, ddu dang thrlc;Ay ra khi Afl('
vuOngdA vd co B = 600, (' = 3[I'
N[an xet : 1") Rat d6ng cdc ban thanr
sia sidi bAi todn tran dey vi da s0 cho toi giai
iOct?, co d6h 278 ban grii loi giAi den toa soan'
2") Mot s6 ban ccj nhAn x6t rang bai to6n
Tgl238 nay IA m6t tnldng hop dac bi6t cira
R.D.T :
2yzcosA*ZxzcosB *?^xy'cosC <x2 +y) +/\\t

mi c6c t6c g1il Tr?.n Tud,n

Di.Qp vit'.D6 Mqnlt

MOn dd dtla" ra trong "ToAn hoc vA tu6i trd"

.E iaA, th6ng 411997". Nhi6u ban chrlng minh

lAi B.D. T nly bang phrronC phep v6cto ho6c

bang nhrtng phrrong phrip kh6c, dua ddn ching

han
1l1e(rsinB -ysinA)2 +
:

Tha.y

* (rcosB * ycosA - z\: >- 0.

x = 2,.y: rI3 r, z : 1thi
(1')

phAng, mAu thuAn vdi giA thi6t.

rl't
duoc

dfng
B.D.T. cdn tim. Dd y rang B.D.T
v6i nroi b0 ba sd thuc x, J, z vd. A, B, C Id cric
gcic cria mOt tam gi6c.
3"; {:;ic han sau rlAy cir liti giiii tiit hrtn 9^:i : IL\ NQi :
\'stvtn llodng Ltirth,
.l'ho, 10A,. I)llKIi'l'N ; Nyr.rul lhrurtg L(tc
l0A l)ll,\'l' l)l lql<i llit NQi ;!e.n
r.ir,\,ir.rliri l)t'rc
tirii i ,\ign'iri tnng [uAn. I lA l"l"l l I chuyCn Yn l]hi ; II:ii
l)rrrrns : lrin f)ti .\r,lriu. Il'l-va Ddo'lhu Mut.10'l l''l"llI
lL'ri l)rrrrng. IIrii I'hi)ng :.\sri\I'rt ttu, tlh. ll
n.rng klriiu
.l
chuicn in. l''l 'l l I n:ing khri'u l rin I'l Iu ; Ninh llinh : Iz.ri
l!ii ('ltirt, tnritnt LrrongL/irr'l tl. lriut lltrttg.littt- llAt ll:r

I)inlr. Nga S(tn

; 1.i XttAri [.Arn.Irliihg Lrtrng 1-,-. I]ing. Ngh6
'l'n.rng
'l'hinh. l0l. li'[tr Nuttt I)rtttgl l'l'. l''l"l l I
('dtth KhLinh. llAr. l'l 'llI chrrvCn
l'hrn l]0r (ihiru;Al1zo'in
irrn iluinh 't htic Ktrirng ; Qu:'rng llinlt : .\'.1rnrirr lrung Kitn.

Ln : I'lltrn

i.C'l'hr]]. Qtring Nlm :,\.r,rrrrir l"drt

lhrurt.l.)At. 'lll chuvCn lran NlgyCn [)uv IIiCu. I)idn l]an;
Dirc Liic : l.i lrong L/irtlr. ll'l.l''l"l'll chuven NguvCn l)r-r.
'l

Il,\:'liI

chuvCn h;rn

lluirn M:r lturit.

Nt'I.YI1N I)NN(, I,IIN

BAi T10/238. Hat tu dien ABCD uit

A'R'C'D' sap dat d trong hhOng gio,n sao cho :
BC T D'4,, CA L D'B', AB L D'C', DA L
B'C', DB L C'A'. Clutng ninh rang co nLOt
dtdnt O duy nh(it sao clto cac dudng thdng
OA, OB, OC uir OD theo thi tu uuOng goc uoi
cdc nlat phang (B'C'D't, (C'D'A'), (D'A'B') uit
/A'B'C').
Ldi giai
Loi gidi. o,1 Ching ninh t6n tai didnt O. NOu
cci didm O nhu vdy thi O lA diem chung (di61m
d6ng quy) crLa bdn drrong thang Ar, By, Cz vd.
Dtldn luot vu6ng gcic voi cec lnat phing (B'C'D'),
C' D'A' t, (D'A' B' ) vd (A' B' C' ). Ta chrlng minh di6u
dci

Vi Ar L (B'C'D') n6n Ar t C'D', By t

rC'D'A') n6n By r C'D'. Lai theo gie thidt,
AB L C'D'. bdi vay suy ra ,Lr vd By d6ng
phang (vi cung thudc nrAt ph6ng a di qua A-B
va vu6ng gcic v6i C'D'). Nhrrng trong a, Axl lBy
ThAt vdy, giA srl Ar ll By thd thi mp (B'C'D'1

trung v6i ryp (C'D A) vd do d<j A', B', C' vd.

D' ddng phang, trai vdi gia thi6t. Vdy Ar phAi
cat By, gSi A;r O By : 6
Chrlng minh tudng ttl, ta drloc : Ax cit Cz,
Ax cirt Dt, By D cat Cz, By cat Df. NhrtngAt,
By va Cz khdng ddng phang. That vAy. n6u
chringddngphang, gieaii cnng thu6c mAt phAng
a th\ A', B', C'vi D' thing hang vi cung nam
tr6n nr6t drrdng th8"ng L : (C'D') = (D-A'.t :

(D'B') vu6ng gric vdi a, mau thuAn vdi giA

thiet. Ba dttong thing Ar. By.Cz khOng d6hg

phang md ddi mot c5t nhau, v6.y chring dOng

quy d mdt didm O.

AxeiBY=OeCz
AxOBY=OeDt

Chrlng rninh tuong tr.t

b0n nrAt phang (B'C'D'1, (C'D'A't, (D'A'B't va

tA'B'C 'r, n6n llcin didm A', B', C' vd D' ddng

suy ra : Ax, By, Cz va D/ d6ng quy 6 m6t

die nr O.
b1 Ching nrinh duy nltdt. Gid stl ngodi O
con cci O' ctng thda min di6u ki6n n6u tr6n.
Thd thi dubng thang OO' vuOng g6c v6i ch

Ta

dtior:

d.p.c.m.

Nhan xet : 1") Sd b:ur thanr gia gini bai

to6n na.y khOng nhi6u va ncii chung. lc,i g'ini
cbn ddi dbng. khdng sdng sua. dat' biot le thietr

chinh xdc. ChAng han, hai dttong thang rnrti

d6ng phing
-hoac da vOi vAng ket .luAn chring c6t
ba dudng thang cdt nhau doi mdt
nhau,
da kdt luAn chting ddng quy
2") Nhin chung, da s6 c6c ban con kh6 iung
tting trong vi6c giii toan hinh hoc kh6ng gian
khi st dung phtrong phep tdng hop. phrrong
phdp th6ng thudng nhrr doi voi hAi lorin nAv
i.t ine nanl
3'5 Tu.v nhi6n, co ban da chi ra rang. thur:
!

chat de.y ld rnot bAi torin dung hinh. song kha)r)il

chi ro thrrc chAt drlng hinh Id o ch6 nao. Ctinil

ben khoan v6 stl t6n tai cu:r hai tti

di6n th6a man cec di6u ki6n ndu ra. nhting
lai yen tAm ngay vi sau da bhi ra hai'tf di6n
ndi tiep m6t hinh h6p thoi (hay dac bi6t Ia
hinh lAp phr-tong) th6a man cric di6u kiOn cua
bai torin det ra. MAc ddu cd nhttng nhAn xet
nhrt tr6n, song cdc ban nay cung nhtt hdu h6i
c6c ban tham gia gini bni todn tren, khong
thay rAng su tdn tai ctia hai trl dien th6a nrAn
c6c di6u ki6n dat ra nam ngay trong phAn ket
luAn cua bdi torin. Chinh phdn niy huong ddn
crich phAn tich, d6ng thdi phet 6idu ket quii
phdn bi6n luAn cira bdi torln drtng hinh ThAt
vAy, cci thd phat bidu bai to6n "chrlng r-ninh"
tr6n ddy drrdi dang ni6t bai to6n "dung hinh"
nhu sau
Cho mdt trr din AB()D. Hdi cci the t6n tar
(cung trlc Id ccj thd drrng drroc) mdt tr1 di6n
A'B'C'D'sao cho : BC t D'A', CA r D'B'.
AB t D'C', DA L B'C'vd DB r C'A'har'
kh6ng ?
4'; (:i. I'rn slrtt tl:'rr r,r l,'ti si,ii t,',1 lr,ln r;i : .\rrrtrrii .\
l'lt.r1q.' 1ln I'i('1. I)l lsl'
I)_l'le(i IIir Noi : \/,ii /l,,rrrr,
cci ban

/)rirrq. lll.lrtfttngl\g11.i1'1

vi'l'ritn lnh'lu1h, [1tt

l)tr.l)r"rcl.iit:,\.rrn,irr.1/utltl'lnt,ttt:

]''ll lLhttin llingI u,rn,q, l'hr'i 'l'ho.

N(itrYIlN t).\N(, I'il.\

Bai Ll1238

tri nhu ltinh u?. Bo uot 1.

2, 3 kh6i ltong dbu bang 1 kg. Day noi cti,'
udt ltltong dan. H sd nta sa,t d ntot nta.t tit'1t
HQ uQ.t duoc b6

xic

dbu barug h. (Ma sat d cac rdng roc'hh6ng

dang_k,il,Tln toy cho h udt clruydn dOng thi.

sou 10,75 s udt 3 truot hdt chibu ddi 0,5nt cio.
udt 2. Tinh k.
3

Hrrdng din.giAi. Cd thd giAi beng 2 each

plqdrlg p_hdp dQng lgc. hgc vd phrrong_ phrip

dinh luAt bAo todn. Du6i dAy Id crich giAi bang

phuong ph6p dinh luAt bAo todn.
Vi cric vAt ndi vdi nhau bdng soi ddy kh6ng
gi6n n6n gtra t6c c6c vdt d6i vdi mat ddt bang
nhau vd bang a ; vdt 2 vd vAt 3 chuydn d6ng
ngudc chi6u nhau vdi ctng gia t6c a, tt dri
qudng dudng thr.rc td md vdt 2, vdt 3 di drtoc

0,5

Ia t = ,:

ot2

= 0,25m (1). Mat

dung phuonC phAp gi6n dd v6cto dd giAi.

1) Khi K m6, ta cci doan mach song song
A-B gdm 2 nh6nh : nhdnh 1 gdm R, vd L mirc
ndi tidp ; nh6nh 2 g6m E, vd C mac ncii tidp.
Ta cci
unn
:

T
tt:l@
-_

kh6c

2s

: Zl3mls' \2). K]rIi

F : 2, suy ra o =
F
vdt 3 tntot hdt tr6n vdt 2, thd nnng ctia hQ
$itm LW, : rLlgs (3). Van t6c cdc vAt khi d<j
u : at. D0ng nang cria hO
(ntr+mr+m3)u2

colpr

NhQn x6t.

tili eiii rudr sdc: Nstry\n Drtc

Hdi. (llCL, PTTH Lc Hdng Phon[, Nam Dinhl id'Va rudn
Ht_tang Tr{
ITTH T-an Phri] q11rr quhn'Dbng Nai;
( ic cm co 1.!0n1
kti giai dung vA gon : Vu'l.iin Ttnh, l0n 2, TH('[]
t long lti. Qudng Ninh ; Trdn l'hi?n Giang. tOA chuyen ToAn,
DIISP Vinh ; I-uong Ihu Ngln, 10At PTllI Nsh Ouven.
Hii .Phdng . Nga Ddc viit. ,tCL eu6c hoc. ThTra lliidn
Yyf_,..tP Thqnh clng: l0A- THCts vg' otrc n. Hi TAy-:
L Hodi An.l ll.. tnt.tng T.udng Van Chinli. Phri Ydn :,Nguyin
Vdtt.lan,9l.i NK Hi TinE;Trhn Anh Tu,in, ttttFiTll
chuvf'n Hrirng VLtctng.Phf Tho; LF Hdi Thanh. l0 T.i. fH
nang khiu.Quin g

Quang N goc, 10Ar, T[ ICB

1Ngu11{n Qudc KhTjnh. 10Ar. rrr.tcJng
NEng ; Ng\lien IIing Cuirg tOn

patr Dgy] rt. tlgrttJf*

I.a'Quy D6n. Di

r.'fll('ti

.l_.ll Cgg,Yln.Tam Ki. Quang Nam-; Li Dinh San. t0Az.

l,.lN[.Hdi D*o?-g ; Bui vdn thanh tIAz, p-TTH chuyn

Ydn B:ii : Duong Minh Ngoc I ln z, PTTI-l Nzuven Tran. HbAi

Nhrrn.-Binh Dinh : Zii Trbn Anh Tudn. ttXzi p'f'l H chuyn
: Li Trhn'l h Duy.l IL. chuy('n Le Khiir. Quing
I.q.Vilt
f{gii : Dr.rong Thi Ming Thho. t2At. iffH Nguyin'inon{

Long An.

MAI AN}I

Bdi L2t238
Cho mach din xoay chibu nhu hinh

Unn

200sin1OOnt

R'=R':d;

(\

ns + zl < 62b . 106

zt.zc: :
1) Khi K md,

.antpe k'

2A.
Tinh

A,

chi

(1)

2) Khi K

chi Ar.
. Hfdng d6n
grai.

Trong ting

tnrdng hop
Iai mach di6n

v6

vi

(6)

Ir, \,
Ty s
t-:It+I.hay

Tt

\7t

12=

11+ t)+2trlrcos(pt +pz) r8r

(8),
nit ra
ns + Z]-: 625. 10(', R : Zr.
R : ot_ - 50 f), Z, = l}OE2

(1)

vd
hay
ta

C:31,8aF.

2) Khi K

ddng,

cci so dd

[R,llC ] nt [.8,L
ll Ll.t
Dung phuong
ph6p giAn dd vecto

. cho c6c doan mach

AM, MB rdi A-8.
Ta cci

f:rl
:

*fi,

I *L,,i.=

:
- l''dno
Tt dd

dnu + d'o

Q'

P,r,

+ 4-

U2nm

ea2 + z!.
(2),

2l,r.I.sin(9r+

= ffi;

{,

cos/P2 =

UAR

2',

1oo{Z v. X6t

ti

sd

Uz,u Zrttt 4
o*- zMB-W

Tt

- -dg ."".V
I,r,=1,54A;
I, :

9r1

+ u'ru + 2lJn*tJn,rcos(rl +g:)

ZcZ

=-p7p

vdlcoqPr

C.

dong hay tim s6

dln :

(5t

df,=4.

Wq
gg" d6 vdcto vdi Uoo tr6n truc g6c (pha),

I'n,

uE.

I-tai em co

BlIr! ;'fruon3

(4t

W+Z

cosp2

vd

uen

Uan

12=

C6ng cria hlc ma sdt

A=F,n.rJ I*F,,,rz"I=
:
. km# . I + k(m, * mr)g . s (5)
Ap dqng dinh lu0t bAo toin nang lrrgng
LWt = Wa + A tr) (1) - (5) rrlt ra k = 0,2.

Vdi nhrinh 2

(4)

wd

(B)

"=.f:50r/2e
Xdt nhdnh 1

ra

U^, = 97V ; UH,,n = 77Y

A. Vd cudi cung 1r, = 0,69 A.

NhQn xdt. r.aNguy\nVdnThudn.iza. er-ru Na.,g
A,97

khi6u Ng'6 Si Lien. Bfic eiang dA c6 lc,i giAi gonvi cl[ng."

MAI ANII

P"(x
[P'(x

P"(x)

P"(xt)

[P'.ltt.l'

1)l'< [P'lx,\1''

.IRAN
(11.P.

cAc r.6p rHcs

B,iLi Tll242 : Cho day sd : 7, 2, 2, 3, 3,
3, 4, 4, 4, 4, ... (lien tidi mQt sd 7, hai sd 2,.
ba s6 3, ...). H6i sd hang thtl 500000 lit s6
ndo

Tgl242 : Tant giac ABC c6 ntdt

2t
nlrc hon - . Chnng nt'inh riing :
khOne
"J
B,iLi

+ts;
tc;ABC

+ts,

6;ot'

, -,Irru*,,o,

(IIir

N(,LIYi:N l)i.

(Hii

a"*b" *c-

-<

a'+P'+7'

Bdi Tgl242 : Gid stt M tit. mQt didnt thu\c

mibn tant gid.c ABC. Chung minh ritng :
udi

MA+MB+MC>6r

r tir bd.n kinh dudng

Gid.i he phuong trLnh

l;lx'+Y' ) : l
l+*1*r -

1)

: y: + 2xy - 2
t)O ItIANIIIINN
(Minh

lii)

hinh chu ruhdt c6 chu

ui ld P ud. di|n tich S. Hay ching m.inh :

Bdi

T41242

N(;LlYfiN N(io(l lliNlI PIIi/()N(i

('lian (;iitng)

mOt mibn tam gid.c

ud song song udi

AtBlCt niint trong tt

ddi

325

'D-- '2S+P+2
Ltr VAN BAo
(l In nnh)

Bdi T51242 : Trong m.Qt phang cho dudng

trdn (O ; R) ud. didnt P"cd dinh khOng nant
trn. duitng trdn (OP : d * R). MOt ddy cung
MN thay ddi cia dudng trbru sao eho )udo
duoc nhin ti P duoi ntit goc uuOng : MPN

IIO QUANG VINIi

(Ngh An1

cAc oh vAr li
Bdi Lll242 : Khi qud b6ng tennis rai tit

d0 coo H xudng ua cham udo chtdc uol lennis

ding yan thi no ndy lAn dn d6 cao nlt6 lwn.
chi bang 0,9H. Hdi pltdi cho chidc uot ten.nis
chuydn dOng lAn phia ffAn udi udn t6c lic sap
ua chanr bang bao n hiu dd qud bong lo.i ndy
l.an. rl.dn d6 cao H nhu truoc ?
t'O GIAN(i
(r.ta Noi

90".

Tint quy tich didnt Q, ddi xung udi P qua

MN. Biln ludn
NGllYlrN I)AN(; PHAI'
NOi)

CAC r.Op PTTH

Bdi TBl242 : Qid s4x uit y tit coc s(i nguydn
duong soo cho x'+ y'+ 6 chia h't cho xy.
*2 +i
"ff
Ching m.in h rang :

cita mQt

sai

+G

ld

ld.p

phuong

tu nhien.
TRAN XT]AN DAN(}
(Nam l)inh)

Bidi T71242 ; Ching minh rang udi d.a thuc

tity j, P(x) bdc ru ) 1 c6 n.nghiQm thuc khdc
nioL *r, *zi ..., rn ta co ding thtc
:

d,irt.

ABC.

Ch.o

(H.

to,nt

Bai T10/242 z Gid sit M ld. m1t didnt chuvdn.

dQng trong m.ibn tant.gi(tc ABC, Lit d.o1' glix
trl din dbu ABCD. Goi A', B' ud. C' lan ltrot
lit hinh chidu uu6ng g6c cio. M trn cac mat
BCD, CDA uit DAB. Chung ntinh rang trong
td.nt G cia tam. gidc A'B'C' clruydn ddng trong

l,)

trbn nOi tidp

giac ABC.

PHAM I.{OU TIOAJ

(T.P. Hd Chi Minh)

BldJ T31242

I)uctng;

l']hdng)

Bai T2t242 :
Cho a, b, c la 3 sd tily ! thu6c doan la ;
(a < ud thcn ntan dibu kiln a * b * c
':{Jl o + B i$)yudi
q < Z < p..Chnryg mr.*h rang :

NAM DIJN(i

IIo t:ni l'tint't

B.ii L2t242

guong cd,u
dbng td.nt, ngudi
to nhdn duoc dnh
cia ni.ot triti trdn

*
*

ua). C6 thd thay he

--l-

Nhit

hA

mitn ixnn, hinh

thd.u
bqng ntot
bans
mOt inau
kinh h|i tu nfing blng
co tiu al f bang
cunp
bao nhi4u dd cung

cho d.nh cilng

kich thu6c ? Bidt
rang bd.n kinh
crta cac guotlg
Rt : 12cnt, R2 :

.V

\
\
G2

30cnt
DO VAN TOz\N
(Nghe An)

DANH.CHO CAC BAN CHUAN BI

THr VAO DAt HgC

prffih[nffi?E im

tfris issue

FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

TZl242. Consid.er the sequence

1,2,2,3,3,3, 1,.1, 1, 1, ...
(one. nuntbe.r 1, thcn tuo consecutit:c nu.ntbcrs
2, tltcn tltree consecutiue nu.ntbers 3, ...).
What nttntber is tlrc 500.000th ternt of tlti.s
seqtt cncc ?
TZl242. a, b, c ore three arbitro.ry nuntbers
bel.onging to tlrc segntent fa ; pl and satisfytng
lhe condition a + b * c : a + p + y wlrcre

d<y<p.Prouetltat

d+b2+cr(i+p)+f.

'l'31242. Sol.ue the systent of equations

[,,.
l' -) :,
l+.rrt-xl +.r - l) =Jl +2rr,-2
T41242. Lct bc giuen o rectangle

perinteter P an.d, u;i.th areo S. Proue thot

,325
'P>-

uitlt

25+P+2'
In tlrc plo,ne, let be giuen a. circl,e
tO ; Rt o.nd. o ftxcd point P, OP = d * R. A
clvtrd MN of tlte ctrcle nloues so tlzo.t tllo atugl.a
MPN = 90". Find. tlrc locus of tlte point Q,
P about tlte line MN.

Ct ItJ

xuaN
1ll)

Ni'r

Dt

lxt,

Vin dung vecto dd giai quy6t m6t brii to6n

hinh hoc kh6ng gian Id m6t ydn d6 kh6ng dcln
giAn v6i hoc sinh l6p 12 PTTH. Dd ldm t6t
cdc bAi tap loai nny thi hoc sinh phAi hiet chtrvon
nhung you lo hinh hinh hoc sang nrot dirn;l
ngon ngu t'ua vectd, Trong bAi viet nho nar
toi chi xin dtta ra m6t vdn d6 : "VAn dung
di6u ki6n ddng phing cua birn 0,",r, 66; giAi
m6t b:ii to6n hinh kh6ng gian".
De' chuin bi, chrlng ta cung nhau nhAc lai
cac vdn d6 ly thuy61 sau
a) Ntot bd gdm 3 vecto khd,c vei:to kh6ng.
khong d6ng phang goi li. mdt cry sd cira khOng
:

TSl242.

s.yntnrctric of
lltc problenL

v0n rlUnS rfi6u kien

*A
cofg phang cda bon
ffi6nr ffe gidi lrai toirn
HINH KHONG GIAN

Discttss

FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

'16l?42.-x, y orc hto positiue integers such
tltat x- + y' + 6 is diuisible by xy. Proue th.o.t
*i +.yl + 6
ts o. cube of o u;hol.e nuntber.
xy
T7 1242 : Proue that for euery polynontial.
of degree n 2 1, hauing n reo.l dlstiict roots
rl.f:, ..,, rn, ltolds tlrc following eqttal.itT,
p"r.r,,)"
P"1i,t P"tr_,)
-

+...+- -:O
+
{P'{r,))r (P'(x_,))' "' 1p'1r,,))'
781242 : Tlrc triangl.e ABC lms an o,ngle

"gtan.b) M6t vecto r-'bat ki cdra kh6ng gian lu6rr

bieu. diggirl.,c nrot czich duy nhrit ilua I r:ri
sd Ia. r 0,u.ct
,+.
+
, a+,
pcb6 (nt ; n ; p) li. duy nhat
x'= nlo. trtQ-!
o Vdi {dfrl ia rnor
.ii^ khorrg gian.
"o..r
tacd:
nti+ nf+ pi=firnt = tL =p : o
d) Cho 4 didm A, B, C, D trong khong gian
Bdn diqm n+y le dong " ph:ing e)
++
DA:rrDB+pDg
+
+
- - oD)OA * OD = a(IlB - OD)'+ p(OC
o()A = ,tOB + tJOg + (1; tt - ltlo|)
* OA : cOB + IOC +^,,OD (vai O bit ki
vA a * lJ *',' = 1t

el Tny thu6c y6u cdu cUa bAi to6n chtini;

ta phAi biet chuy6'n nhting y6u cdu dci sang
1g6n neft vect{ i bi6t cdch chon 1 co sd hrrp
li. biet Each bicu dien tn6t veci o qua I co sd
Sau day ld 1 s6 vi du r.r'rinh hoa tlay t.rong
_
B0 de thi tru6c dny)

V-idul:
S
Cho chclp tf gidc
A
S.ABCD cci d;iv
/ \N
ABC
ABCD Ia hinh binh
,' \c
A/
lrt *lrt--*tolra
,b2
.b2 "b2
-r[5.
hanh Goi B', D' lA
i 6'\ , \
Tgl242 : M is a point in the interior of a die'rn chinh girra cdc
\ 5
/
canh SB, SD. l{,at 4'/
trtangle ABC. Proue that MA + MB + MC >\ r \a
6r, w|9r9 r is the radius of the incircle of ABC.
phing \AB'D) clt Z-----]--,,---)c
TlOl242 : A point ntoues in the interior of SC .tai. C'. Chrlng A-t--t----.- __\o \i,/
--:-*V/
nrinh rang :
a trio,ngle ABC, which is the base of a regular
B
SC = 3SC'
tetrahedron ABCD. Let A', B' and C' be
1t.1
Ldi siai t^.'+d+
respectiuely the orthogonal projections of M
rrcl axccdirtS

9-

. Proue lltol
-,1-^

on the faces BCD, CDA and DAB. Proue that

tlte center of grauity G of the trio,ngle A'B'C'
nu)ues in tlte inlerior of a fixed triongle A,B ,C,
wlticlt ltes in the interior of the tetrohbdioi
and tn a plane parallel to th.e buse ABC.
10

lvlot cd so io. D. cl vdr

SB ; c-= S7 rH.

o':.S7 ;6-=
D4t :

SC'
..-

1r

: nt. Ta cdn chtlng minh

'l

,, = i
"

Ta ccj :

SB':
s?'

l+
l+
5b -;SD'= 2c
23lq + B-e)

: iSt-

=nt(b-0+c)_

A, B', C', D' ddng Phang <+

f t,r:-6 ;"'7t36i a'tJ) + 7---, 1 th6a nran
Theo giA thidt
SC,

dSA + PSB, +75D,

l,'o = -nt

:
ninh riirtg.-SA

[/
lo="
-Lir*2nt*Znt=1
(vi a + p +y : t) + nL =|
viaq2:

SA

tan"-1.

ra,ng :

sBsro
,SA/

l+

|+

SN:-c.
,ff

+1+.

1+-+

SC= (-o+b+c\
SM=-v.v
Theo giA thi6't"thi '. K, I', M, .'V d.ong pharril
<+!l(a.
. vai tt + lJ * v : I va.thoe Iniltr
- .': r-Bl'.'t

Chon cd

r +++

I o.b.c I

SB

cci

sf;I = ,rs-k + liSL + ys?

f .- 1+ 1+ (t+ lJ -'.',''
+ -c:-o*-b+-c
<+--o+-b
'

SM

Dat

. l{..1
Thit vAy, ta

SL:
,NL -b;

-:.1
: (H. 2)
Ldi giai

:'A',

SC

SK-*,SM_:
S'
SB
SL=,,iSF=,
'fa r:An chtlng
nlinh : x + J - nt *-n
+
l+
SK=ir a;

Cho iinlt chop S.ABCD co day ABCD lil

hinh birtlt hitnlt-.'Goi K ld didnt chinh gitto
cia canh SC. Mat
phang qta N{cat ac
canlt.SB, SD ldn luot
tai M ud N.
Chung ntinh

.qD =

.98.

(^.-

*)E:"'
)it=;:'*
l,
lr=2m

,fi

ttti tu to.i K, L, M, N- Chtnsl

SD
SC SB
r-'SM
-- + SN
- SL
SK
Ldi giei -: tH. 3)
Chon m6t co s<)
,+?->-+
{o.- 1r. cl vol
' 'f=',SA.

f=
.:
sD
Dat

o - *i+ ,r,-* nri: oi* E i+ $7

f

SB, SC, SD theo

sd
vOI

,5B =

a:

- va
b

x
p

SD

nL;
sN: n
strr =
Ta cdn chrlng minh : nt
Ta cci :
+
1 +
| + +

:-

l -+-

+ t-y
U=Y

SM=;SB:-b;SN=-SO=;r,

,y

Vi.*{J*','=l+

|+

=>

xnLn
-+- + :
- vyv

x+rn*n - y xiy = nt *n
=Vidu4:

1+

SK=2SC+
-1++1+-
+ SK
= r(SD +DC):

NL

*n-

vvyxnLn "x
("
a=--

-i

(dpcurt

Cho tiinh chop S.ABC ; G Id trong tdttt tont

eiac ABC. Mdt nlot pho.ng (Pl ca.t SA, SB, ,SC'
3G thco thi tu tai A', R', C', G'. Clting ntinh

r(, +6 -0)

Theo gid thi6t ccj : A, M, K, N d6ng Ph ang

rdng

+ tJ-'.)+
1+ l+ l+
4-ra+rb4r":do+Lb*Lc

Giii: (H. ar
9lgggot
99gd .9A,SB 6i=:.91
t.,SA,
o=
o.b,cl vdl
=
SC
SB
^ SG =,,
:r; SB, =Y SC, = zi-SG,
Dit :

c+31g. l). 7l-v6i e.i p ++ = I th6a nr6n

SK = aSA + pSM * 7SN <+

la =

-tlz

l"n3

= 3 (dpcm)
vi au 3:

Hiwh'.e;l,utp S.ABCD co dd.y. ABC-D

sA sB sc

.
-!-+---1SA'
SB' SC'

.sG
*

SG'

cdn phii
Ta"O,

chring minh :
. x*y*z:Snt.

lt=ntZ

Via*{J*Y:l=T*r=ranl

lu 1 l":-ll2
o)P = ml2
<+ 1*:,

L
lzln- 2

*.n

Tacci:
1+
: *o,;

+
sAt

1+

ld ntQt

hinh b.infu..kitnk. Mot mqt phang (P) cat EA,

SB'= -b;
v
+ 1--+
SC' = -c
z

A/
/a

t\
\.

-\-T,

11

s?'

T1\

: itZ : *l i r"; +s? +sa ] =

1--+++

(a *b +c)
= -6nL
(Vi G Ia trylg t?y MBC n6n ta ccj

3SG=SA+SB+SC)
Theo giA thidt thi ta cci : A', B', C', G' ddng
pheng .3-3{c, lJ,-y) vai-c, + p * Z = 1,ra
s?': a,9A'+psB'*7SZ'
l+++
oZ*@+b+c)

d.
x

i*9;*Y
xyz

3nt

D1

,:

L"L

1<+

Biil:

Cho hinh tr1 di6n ABCD. Goi A', B', C', D'
ld cdc didm ldn iudt chia cdc doan th6:ng AB,
BC, CD, D-4 theo ii s6$ trlc la':
A'A
B'B C'C D'D
q:-----:.----=-:k

A'B B'C C'D "D'A

V6i gia tri ndo cda k thi 4 didm A', B', C',
D' la ddng phang ?

Bii2:

Cho hinh chcip tam gSac D.ABC, M ld m6t

di6'nr nam trong tam giac ABC. Cac dttdng
thing qua M, song song vdi AD, BD, CD,
theo thrl tu c6t cdc mat (BCD), (ACD), (ABD)

tai A', B', C'. Chrlng minh rang tdng

MA' MB' MC'

cha

ffi

M trong tam

kh6nS phu thu6c vao,vi

gSac

tri

ABC. (Goi y : Hdy chfng

MA'* MB,* MC' t).

minh
ap An - =

BANG A

gi6i

Giai Nhdt '. Hod.ns Mtnh Dic tThanh

H6ar, Nguyin Cdnh L{ao rNghe Ant.
Giai Nhi : D6 Qu6c Anh, Phont Ln Hilng.

+) Trong 4 vi du ndy chirng ta d6 srl dung

mOt di6u ki6n ddng phing cria 4 didm A, B,
C, D Id.:
A, B, C, D ddng phing <=+3(a, p, y) v6i p
: 7-vd +
+ a.*7
"
pdc + yo-b (o bdt ki) o day
o-A':
"on7
ta sr} dung
di6u ki6n a + p +f = | r6i trl dcj
suy ra. m6t di6u cdn chr-1ng minh md khdng
cdn chi to a,8,7 bang bao nhi6u, cdc ban h6y
tu giai thich di6u ndy
+) Phai chang nhrrng bii todn ndy cci cung
phuong phap gi6i chung. Xin d6 nghi uic ban
hly trl rrit ra phrrong phep giAi cho bai torin
nh6 ndy. Sau, ddy ld mOt s6 bai tnp dd nghi
de c5c ban zip dung

to6n crla bAng A khZ hon bAng B. Tham du

cu6c thi crj 6fdon vi vdi tdns s6 441thi sinh,
trong dd brineA s6m 34 doindi 263 thi sinh,
bAns"B s6my,7 adi voi 178'ihi sinh. Didm t6i
da I-i : fo ai"n i 2 neav : 40 diern.
Kdt qua nhu sau dbang A co 2 giai nhar
(tt 35 den 36 diemt,' 16 e'iai nhi tti 29 den
34 didmt. 30 eiAi ba'(tt fS aen 27 diemr vA
28 siiLi^ khuvO'il
tttr 20 den 21 didmr ;
t! F^ khich
"' chiem dla 28,9'l so v6i
tong gqr-rq la /o 9141,

deh 21,5 di6'm) ;tdng cOng )A 34 giAi. dat tr

lo' 19,17 so voi s6 thi sinh.
Dudi day ia danh s6ch cac hoc sinh dat

x*y*z=3nt(dpcm)
Nhdn x6t :

,U

Neuydn Anh Tri, Vii Quone Dorzg' TDHKHT\

- DIlOG Ha NOi). Npu vinHuu @uvnh (DHSP
- DHOG He NOi1, Le"Quoc, Triin"Tiin Dnng

tHd N-6it, Trinh Tlti Kint Clti (Hd Tinht Wi

Hd.i Sd.nt (Nam Dinh), Pltant Hong Linlt.
tNehe Anl. Trinh Huu Trung,, Nguy{n Ngo,'
Hu"ne, D6 Quang Tha (Thanli Hdat, Hit Artlr

Tu di (Phu Tho'i, T6 Trdn Tiang r Hdi Phongt.

Dodn Nltot Duong (ThAi Binh)
Gini lia : Tra;n Minh Anh, Vu Ttit Tang,
Ne6 Von Sdns (}Ib.Noit, Phom Thai Ho. Tron
Vdn Hoang, Binlt Ti'n Hodng. Dinlt Thi Tltu.t
Neo tTh:ii Binht, PhontVonQudc. DongVt0t
Cuitne, Dd Ngoc Azlz (Nam Dinh) Hd Mirtlt
Loir,'ua ruuf rnai, vu viot An'h, Trai Trrtng
Thdnh (DHSP - DHQG HA NOit Vu Dinft
Plruong, Phont Minh Dic tThanh }Ioat Dortg
An lt Ti ti n t Hdi Phdne ), Mat Tit ng Lo ng, Barug
Thi Hbne Minh, Phair Von Hitn! rHilTInh).
Dito Thi- Tltu Hit, Tq Du.y Thong. IVgo Dic
Thitnh. Npuven Ba Hitnp. Pltont Huv Tilns.
Nsuyzn Liu"Son {DHKHTN - DHQG He Nqii.
Vd fhi Nltu Qu.ynh tNghG Ant, Nguyin Tiin
Dune tDiL N6ngt, Ngu.yn I'lgoc TQn rPhlu
Thd, Thdi Thirih HdilTP Hd Chi Minht
Giai khuyen khich '. Phatu Dtc 'lilng,
Luu iin fnahn (HAi Phdn g),'Truong Thaih.
Chuong (Hir TAy), Pham. lhi Thanh Hdt,
Ijuans"Thu Phubis {Hir Tinhr, Dinh Tht
Nhunk, Doitn Tien-Dung tThanh Hoat. l,'
Anh Tudn, Vil Xudn Ditng. Ngu.y|n quong
Nehia (DHKJITN - DI-iQG Hi N+ii, 1'rdn
Nbm Dung, I .a Vn." .4r;., Duitng VanYn tNghc
Lr-;. iisuvon Hoiti Nonz (DHSP - DHQC He
Noi). A*eiven Xuaii Trlonp TDHSP Vinhl l,r
L;ns ffieil (DHOG TP HA Chi Minh) P/roir.
LinE (Hd N6i). lrbrz Thonh Phuone (TP H6
Cni nninnt, Nguydn Mjnh Pltuong rPhu Tho),
Hoitng Huu Eihp tVinh PhriCt, Hoitng Si
Neuv\n (Th6i NLuven). Vu Thu Hudne iHiLi
Dirdngr, Tran fic-Quy'n, Nguyn AnTt Hoa
(Nam- Dinh). Trinh H'6ne Mai, Ngu.vdn
Truitns T'honh (ThAi Binh), vo Hoitng IIdi.

Vo Th"onh

12

qudt:

so Lnt slnn.
O bane B cci 1 giAi nhdt (34 didm), 3 gi6i
nhi ttr) 28 ddn 28.5 didnrr. 16 siai ba (trl 23
d6n 26 die'nrt vd 14 giii khuy6n ]<hich ttrr 20

3nt

P_',
P: B*
yBm
Z
y_t
z- Snt
' Snt
xyz
Via+{3+y:1 -grr'3m'3m-

thi chon hoc sinh gi6i Todn toAn

-Nna* hoi tgg6 - 1997"cap phd thdng trung

hoc drtoc didn hanh trong liai ngdy 1{ vd 15
th6ns 3 nim 1997. Cric don vi du thi duoc
chia thdnh hai bAng A vit, B v6i mfc do de

Tilng tThita Thien - Hudi

xtt oui ct0c rJt, olYrnPrc toir

PHO TTTOHC TRUf,G HOG TOA]I QUOG

Ndrn hgc 1996 - 1997

eANrc e
Giai Nhdt : Dao Duy Chuns (Gia Lai)
Ciai Nfri : Phan fnann ruai\tam Ddng),
Hb Td.n Tkua (}(.on Tum) Truong Vinh Ld'n
rQuing Binht
GinIBa : Phanr Khanh Tod.n, N guydn. Qudc
Hung, Ngu.ydn Thi Minh Td.m (I{da Binh),
Le l,Iinh Hao (Cd Mau), Nguydn DQng Hod.ng
Tuan tL4ngSanl ,LuongVu Nam. (Yen Brii),
Hb Thi1n Soz tGia Lai), Darug Hodng Khdi
.(B6n Tre), T0 Hibn Sj,, Hodng COng Chic
(r,a- Odrig), Nguyn"'Ngoc Fhung" (Vinh
Long), Td Anh Dung, Mai Dic Thanh, Le
Hoitnh Szi lDSc Lhe), P ham Thi Minh NguyQt
(Quing Binht Biti Dg.ng Hoitn (Ddng Th6p).
Gi6i khuydn khich :

..Trd.n Thi Huybn Thd.o {Bq.c Li6u), Nguydn

Dinh Vu (Gia Lai), Nguydn Tie'n Han g, Luong
Th onh Hu y, Trdn N guydn T rung (LAm Ddng),
Trdn Minh Qudn (Son La\, Va Trung Dung,
Nguydn Dang T(dn (Ddng Th6p), Trl.n Anh
Tucin (Hga Binh), Hoitng Monh Cuitng
(Qunng Binh t, Hodng Titng (Dilc Lhc) , Ph am
Hbng Hita (Tny Ninh), Biti Minh Thiu (Trir
Vinh), Le Chi Nguyn (C}r Mau)
sau ddy ld c5c d6 thi (14, l5l3ll997) m6i
ngdy ldm B bdi trong 180 phrit.

BANG A

Bail:

Trong mat phang cho dudng trdn td.m. O

ban kinh R lir mdt didnt P nant trong dudng
trbn (OP : fl, I R). Trong cd.c ti\ia" tdi
ABCD n6i tidp duitng trdn noi ffAn sao cho
cd,c dudng cheo AC ud. BD uudng goc udi nhau
tqi P, hay xdc dinh t* giac c6 chu_ui lon nhdt
ud. ti giac c6 chu ui nh6 nhdt. Tinh cac chu
ui do theo R ud d.

Bili2:

Cho s6 tU nhin n, > 1 kh6ng chia hdt cho

1997. Xet ha:i day s6 (a,) uit (b) duoc xd.c dinh

nhtt sau

ni
i + 19* uoi i : l, 2, 3,..., 1996,
, . , 1997.j uoi j : l, 2, 3,..., n l. Xet
b, :i *-;
tdt cd. cd.c sd cia hai day tr1n ua sap thi tu
ai =

m.U.Jl yang i** , -- ,*

2,.,,, 1994 * n,

C|nnp

k_ = l,

Biri 3

2 udi' rhrii

H6i c6 bao nh.i,Au hd.m sd /; N- --->N* thfu

man dbng thiti hai dibu kiAn sau :

l)f(1): I
z)'f(d.f(n * 2\ : (f\n + t))z + 1997 udi
ntoi n e N. ? (Ki hi2u N* ld, tQp hop sd nguyn

duolQ

Bhi4:
hiru ti

a) Tirtt tdt cd

cizc

da thic f(x)
uoi hQ s6
nho ' nhtit md.

c6 bQc

flffi+Xg)=3+T5.

b) Tbn tai hay khOng da thuc f(x) uoi hi

s0 nguy1n mit

vor:3+ lE?
f({5+
Riri 5
:

Ching m.inh rang udi m6i sd nguyn duong

n d'du. chon duoc sd nguyAn duong h dd
19k - 97 chia ha't ino 2".

Biii 6

Cho 75 didnr thuQc kh6i ld.p phuong uai

canh diti 1 dort ui, trong d6 kh1rug c6 3 didnt
nao thang hd.ng. Ching ninh riing tbn tai.
tam gi6c uoi d.iln. tich kh6ng lon hon
* *u.
bo alnh lit ba trong sA ZS afdnt da chl'.

BIiNG B

BAil:

Cho hdnt s6 fk) : asinux * bcosux

xac dinh ban tQp sti thuc, trong do a, b,
u, u ld cac hiing sd thuc khac klfing.
Ching minh-rang f(il h hd.nt s6 tuiin lrcdn

khi uir ch.i"ukhi -U lit s6 huu ti.

BAi2:

Tro_ng mat phang cho duitrtg trbn td,nt O

ban kin.lt R uir m6t didm. P nam. trong dxdng

trdn (OP = d. < R).

Xit cac ti gid,c lbi ABCD ru6t tidp duitng
trdn rtoi ben sao cho cac duortg cheo AC ud.
BD uuOng g6c udi nhau tai P.
a) Ching ntinh rang AB.CD + BC.AD =

AC.BD.

b.) Trong cac ti giac ABCD nhu trAn hay

xdc din h ttl giac c6 chu ui ldn nhd,t ua tirult
chu ui do theo R ua d.

BiiS:

Cho day sd nguyn @-l (n e N') dttoc xac

dinh nhu sctu : d = l. a', = 45
^ an*z = 45' onf', - 7'n'uot nlot n = o' l'

2,... "

at Tinh sd cdc uoc duong

*, theo n.

o, * r - eran

b) Chung m,inh riing 1997 af, +

7n

cilo

| .4 h,

sd chinh phuong udi m.6i n.

Biri 4

. Tint tcit cti cac da thic f(x) udi h sd huu.

li co bdc nho nhdl mit
BAiS:

ftte+lfgl:3+VO

Cho n ud, k lir. cd.cq6 nguyn duong udi

'n >- 7 uir2 < k < n. Chtlng minh rang
k" > zik.
Bai6:

Cho hinh hOp chu.nhQt c6 ba kich tttuoc

ld. a, b, c. Xet didn tich cac tant gid,c c6,bo,
dinh nam bn trong hoQc tuAn mq;t cia hinh
hop da cho, tint gid tri l6n nhdt c{ta cd.c din
tich do theo a, b, c.
NGiIYITN

VIIll'IIAI

(Vu 'l'l Il''l

13

rDGr Du.rG DI rix

^/'Jr/

BAT TANG THUC TRCNG TAM GIAC

]T

A=B-('=E

I < cosA *cosB +cosC < ]

sinAsinBsinC
cos

f,

vd f,

Vi du : dinA + sinB + sinC v6i

ABC
cos +cos +cos
t
2
Z
' sin ABC
*cosB *cosC
+
v6i
7 + sin 7 sin 7 cosA
sin2A + sin2B + sin2C v6i (cosA * cosB *
cosC)2

Viec so'sdnh f, vd f, l.rong nhrlng di6u ki6n

nhat dinh xdv rd cuC AABC se dAn den c6c
bat ding thfc rn6i.
C6ng vi6c dat ra d 34V Id : se dAt vao 6
vud-ng. !1ong k{ }Lo" fi L-J
4 aau quan h6 thrl
tU "<" hay ">" ? ?
Dd ldm dr.toc di6u dci, ta x6t mQt di6u ki6n
"cdn" dd ccj ddu quan h6 "<- hay ">" nhrl gau
:

lL -x

dd 1 = f,(x), fi: fik).

A = B =;,khi
Xet hdm t : f,(x') - fi?), d d?ry y = 0 khi
tr.
* = i Bang quy t6c khAo s6t hdm s6, hodc
bang vic chfng rninh bdt ding thfc, ta tim
duoE v < 0 hoac v > 0. Khi dd ta sE cho dttoc
dau bat dang thtic thich hop Tdt nhi6n, vi6c

t4

.-i

+ sin]r.

-jr

f.:(Zcos , +cosr)J = ft - fz: 2ri#' 1 + sinlr -

Van d6 dat ra Ih : Trong tam gi6c con ccj

nhrrng bdt ding thrrc lrrong- glric nAo nta ?
Mot trong nhi6u huong dd tim dcj Ia : Trong
c6c bdt ding thrtc di g4p, gqi vd chrla cac bidn
A, B, C Id:
f. \A, B, c) i = 1, z. Khi d<i xiy ra trudng
hqp'r voi i *.j , [, vaf, cci cung giri tri l6n nhdt
hoic cirng giri' tri 'be nhdt, xay ra khi
A = B: C = * tr: dny niy ra suy nghi : h6y
so s6nh

- "-'
"7 -.I ''
ft : 2sin: ,

2.o", "

Khi dri

3V3

ABCs{3
cos

sinjA +sinlB +=inlc <

vtt' t rixt

(l)l lsl' \'inhl

khi d6' xdy ra bdt dAng thric, con phAi ho.sung

th6m m6i s6 di6u ki6n cdn thiet tchang han
tam gidc kh6ng tir, tarp gidLc nfront.
Vidu : so sdnh sinjA + sin-R + sin-(' vtri
(cosA + cosB + cosC)2, goi bidu thrlc thr-1 nhat.
thrl hai ln f, vA /.. Chring ta dioco ket qui /,.
/. d6u cci grd tri l6n nhdt bang dat drloc khi

Il

ABCs\I5
2<cos7*cosr+cosr<
ABCS
1 < sinT +sin7 +sin, <,

r{.^N

tim ra ddu "<" hoac ">" cung mdi chi Ia dlr

dodn, de khAng dinh, ta phAi tinr ra chtinll
n,lintr tinh diing ddn cua bAt ding thtic. doi

Trong qud trinh hoc m6n lugn-g $a.c,l6p

11, cnni nhrl trong thdi gian 6n thi dai hgc,
chac hin kh6ng ai-ccj thd qu6n hdng loal bdt
dang thrlc trong tam giric mA ta da chdng. minh
dtroc Chang han : vdi moi tanr gizic thi
sinA +sinB +sinr: <

- (2cost--i *cos.- il
3.r'
r
!' ='Ssin^x + 2sin?-x + cos 7 - Scos nq;
J" = -tcosx * 4coszx - | "t, ;.1.i"
,1 ,3^
vdi:r =E,y' : 0.y" = O, O J = 0+ dtr
dodnv)0
---irr"
(cosA +
cosB

ia , sin2a + sin2B + sinzC >

cosC)2 (")

vi0<t.;."

Khit.+0:y'--2<0,y+1>0
:.y' -}[
,-*
-3 < 0, ! -2 -lD,
.2

x+Jf:y'-0.Y.+-l<0

nn bAt"dAng thtfc (*) chi xelt voi cac taur

giric kh6ng tu
'--lhat;ar, {.) <+sin2A + sin2B + sinlC' >
(cosA + cosB + cosC) <= -(cos2A * cos2/J +
2cosAcosB - 2cosBcosC - 2cosCcosA
* 4cosAcosBcosC * cosC - cos(A -B\ - 2cosBcosC - 2cosCcosA > 0
Trong LABC bao gid cflng chon -d-ttoc 2 gcitr
cirng lon- hdn, hoac cnng be hon 60". giA sir
cos2C)

0 <=+1

\d A, B, bien doi

.=[t - cos(A - B)] + cosC(1 - 2cosA)(l

- 2,cosB)- > 0 vi LABC kh6ng tu. bat dang
(+)

thrlc tren hidn nhi6n dung.

VAv ta cci : VAABC fhOng tu thi
sin2A + sin2B + sinJC > tcosA * cosB *
cosC)Z ddu (=) xay ra khi vd chi khi LAB(:
vu6ng cdn hodc l5 tam.giac d6u' Bing con
duon[ dci, chung ta so tim ra dr-idc mot loat
bat dEng thric ltrong gizlc trong tanr giSc
(Xt:tn tii lt trurt{ l i )
:

riru HrEu sAu rnEu roAru noc pnd rHOruc

hai to&m quy Froqcla tuy6n

dai sO lrip I {)

tirEh,

CI

tr*ng

Nr,t,\.llN I)lNI I \(,t.ylr\

1i);r

r.r.-;rng)

Trong hai cu6n sach Dai sd 10 cria NXBGD

1990 ccj de cdp dein bdi to6n "Quy hoach tuy6n
tinh" (Ngti Thdc Lanh, tr. 118 ; Trdn Van Hao,
tr. 64). Trong cA hai cu6n d6u chi ra thuit
todn dd tim ldi giai tdi r.Iu md kh6ng cci phdn
ly giei
Muc dich cta bdi b5o ndy ld n6u ra mOt
c6ch iy giAi ng6n, gon dO hi6gu d5i voi dai da
s6 hoc sinh. Chung ta bit ddu.

Chung minh. X6t vecto i: tl, B). The<r

dinh li 1, t6n tai mOt drrdng tua / ctia da giSr:
Q, 5!g' nr:a nrat phing P, c6 bir I chrla Q,-.,d.
ccj rz-li phdp vect<t hu6ng ra ngoai

1, DUONG TUA

:"ft\i
'Tfc'la

Dinh nghia : Ctto Q ld nfit cta giac l6i,

cluong. tlmng I dttoc goi lit duong tua ndu no
cltia tt rultcit ntOt didnt bi1n cia da gidc ndy
nrd kh1ng chia m6t didnt trong nai cia d.a

glo.c ay.

M,, (r,,, J,,) Ia didrn chung cira Q vi /

Vr n-l.i phAp vedto httdng ra ngoai cua nir:r
nral phang P. nen * +
VM(x,),)P:n M,,M <0e>
<-(A. Bt(x -.n y - v ) < 0<*Ar.r -.r +
Br.y -.v,,r < 0 o//Ai, ="L, + 81' < Ar,, * dr,,
G_ri

1'

dat gia

ftMt

tri ldn nhat tai M.

Sau cung de y ra"ng Q o / hoac la rnot clinh

hoac Ia mOt canh cria Q thi suy ra dpcnr LAlr

Iudn trrong trJ cho tnldng hop nh6 nhat.

Nhrr vAy ta da Iy giii drroc thuit toSn
trinh biry trong hai cufjn sdch dA neu.

dzr

/
j'\

1't

_d

'J
\ a '/
1

'

Il{iN

r)tl()N<; t>r

tiv

.,

('I.ilp thto trang 1.1)

,'/

1) sinlA + sin2B + sinzC >

il.)

t{. I

/ i Q hoAc ld mOt dinh hoac li m6t

cia da giac Q Trong moi t rtrdng hop,

Giao

canh
Q chrla trong mOt nrla mat phing cO Uo la'2.

Dinh

li t. Goi e

lit ntot da eiac liii.

ila nfit ucZto khac
d. Ktn do tbn to,i
nt6t ua chi mOt
dudltg tua I cia Q
co ttnh
tinh chdt ld
lit : n*a
nua
ntatphonp bd I chia
q cdiru finap uecti ol
i

hudng ra ngoit,i.

Chtlng minh.
Goi
nL- +,la dudns
,t f

tnang co n la vectd
lnang
vectcj
chi phrrong. Chieu da gidc Q l6n nz, rhi hinh
chi6u la m6t doan thetg Cric.duong thing
{,,
l, vu6ng gcic vdi nu vd di qua hai ddu mut cua
do4n nay.lA dudng tua cua da gidc Q, vd nr6i
duong thang ay cci n- Ia phrip vecto. Cci rrr6t
trong-hai$drg thang dy mn nrfa mat phing
chtla Q co n1a phdp vecto hrrdng ra ngoA.i. Dpcrn.

QVC.TRI HAM TUY6N TINH TREN DA

GIAC LOt,
Dinh li 2 : Cho do. giac lbi Q. Mdt hitnt
tuyAn inh f(M) = Ax +-By xac dinh tuAn Q,
dg.t gia tri lon nhdt (nh6 nhdtl h.oo,c tai nt6t
dinh, lrcac trAn m.6t dinh, hoac trn nfit canh
cia Q, tuc lit, tbn tai nt1t dinh cia Q tai d6
hdnt f(M) dat gia tri l6n nhd.t (nhd nhd.t).

> 2{5 sinAsinBsinC VLARC

2) sirr2A + sin2B + sinlC >
>- 2r,13 cos

ABC

J) srnz,stn

AB('
Z

cos

cos

2 V LABC

z.srn r>

cosA . cosB . cosC VA,ABC

. ^ .A sin;,B sin-.a >

4) 8srz7
,
2
> cosAcosBcosC VLABC
-A +cos",B
,C
- cos',
5)
2+cos" 2>
.ABC
> (sin 7 +sin +sin
7
Z)- VLAITC
.ABC
6)cosr+cos
r*cosr>
A +sin7B *sin7)
C.
V, (sin7
VMBC
"
7) cotgA * cotgB * cotgC >
ABC
> tg, + tg + tC, VA,ABC nhon
Z
ABC
lJ) colgZ+cotg
2+cgtg 2>
-AB('
,,
v^AIlc'

\ttT+te Z+tgr)

9\ tgA + tgB + tgC >

, A B
C.
,t (rtT+ts
2+tg 7)VAABC

nhon

10\ tgA + tgB + tgC >

ABC

2 cotg, + cotg

+ cotq

7 VMBC

nhon

l5

Mcr RONc sAl roAru '@rr btmfim

CHO CAC DIJcyNG CONIC

LE HAo
(Phd Yen)

Cci 16 c6c ban

tr6

y6u todn d6u bi6t

dd-n bdi toSn "com
brldm". Bdi todn

nhrl sau

dci

Bditotinl:Cho

mOt dudng trdn vi

dAy cung MN ; goi

1ld trung diem cta

ddy dci. Qua I ta kd
hai ddy cung kh6c

H.1

nhauAB vd CD. AD
vd BC ldn hiot cdt MN tai P vi Q. Chrlng
nrinh : tP = iQ (Hinh H1)
Trong bai b6o : "M6t s6 dang kh6c cria bi"i
to6n con brt6m (THTT- 06 - 1995) ban Phan
Nam Hung ctng dd ccj m6t sd tim tbi md r6ng
bdi toan "con budm". Trong bdi b6o ndy t6i
xin bdn ddn vdn d6 sau : Ndu thay cho dudng
trbn trong bdi todn 'ton brrdm", ta x<!t m6t
drrong C6nic thi ta se ccj kdt quA gi tuong tr.t
kdt quA crla bai to6n "con brrom" ? Nhrrng kdt
quA drj cci thd md rdng ra nhu the nao 7
Dd cho tin t6i xin n6u m6t s6 qui rr6c nhu
sau:
- Hai drrdngthingsongsongxem nhu chung
cit nhau tai m6t didm goi ld didm v0 tAn
- Hai dtrdng thing pl'an Uict cing di qua
di6'm vO tan thi song song.
Nhrr vAy trong bai vidf nay ta IuOn ccj thd
ncii ddn "giao" cria hai drrdng th6ng phAn bi6t.
. Tnt6c ti6n t6i xin gi6i thi6u m6t s6 kidn
thrlc vd tit g16c todn phdn.

I. TH6 NAo

T,A

Trong mat
phing tap hgp

rU cilc

TOAN PHAN

g6p b6n drldng

thing trong dci
khOng c6 ba
drtdng nio cr)ng

dttdng

th6ng dci goi ld

mdt canh. Giao

didm cira hai

canh goi ld dinh.
fiai a'lntr kh6ng

H'2

cung n6m tr6rim6t canh goi ld hai dinh d6i

dien. M6i dudng thing n6i hai dinh d6i di6n
goi li drrdng ch6o. Ta ccj :
- Mnh db I : Trong hinh trl giric toin phdn,
cap dinh ddi di6n nim tr6n m6t dddng ch6o
vil c[p giao didm cria dudng ch6o d<j v6i hai
dudng ch6o cdn lai li6n hi6p di6u hda v6i nhau
tHinh H2)
16

DUONG NIIP
Trong bni brio crla minh ban Phan Nam
Hung dA ndu bdi toan tdng qudt hon bii torin
"con-bu6m". Ndu trong bii todn dci ta thay
duong trdn bang m6t Ellip thi ta cci
Bdi todn 2 : Cho Ellip (E) vd" m6t dudng
thing (il fiy y. MQt tidp tuydn song song v6i
(d) tirp xric vdi (E) tai J D-rrong th6ng^n6i
J voi thm doi xfng cua (E) cit (d) tai 1. Qua
I kd 2 dudng thing phdn bi6t cdt (Et ldn ltiot
tai A, B vd. c, D, AD vit BC c6t @) ldn hlqt
tai P:.Q. Chring minh ring : 1 ld trung didm
cia PQ tHinh H 3)
Tru6c khi trinh bdy ldi giAi bdi to6n nA)'
:

tacd:

Dinh nghia : Cho (S) Ii m6t drtdng conic.

thing qua 2 didm phAn bi6t M, I'{ cdt
(S) tqi X, Y. Ta n6i M, N li6n hop vdi nhau
ddi v6i conic (S)'ndu : (MNXY) : -1.
drrdng

x2 n2
*"- = 1 vd didm
.a"bzkhi dcj moi didm li6n hop v6i M
M (x^, vJ ;'@t
d6u thu6c' dubng' thing
aAi "vaf
xux. v.v
Bd db : Cho Ellip (E) :

t.

Chtlng minh
Goi N(x, v) In didm li6n hop v6i M d6i vdi
(E). MN cat (E) tai hai di6'm phin biot x, Y
X xo *tr(x -xo), xo * tt? -y)) )
Y xo * tr(x - xo) , lo * t20 - y)).
Y6i t\'b e R,

giric

toan phdn. M6i

mQt

rr. Md RONG gAT TOA].I CON BUOM CHO

a2 +"I:
b'

di qua m6t didm

ggi Ie tf

Trons hinh vE H.2 tt gidc todn phdn tao

bdi cdc dudng thing BA, BF, CA, CB co cac
drrdng ch6o EF, BC-cdt.drrdng ch6o AD tai 1,
J. M6;h dd 1 nrji tr6n khing dinh ring : (ADJJ.)
- -i ; vAy chum BA, BF, BI, BC ld chirm
di6u hda db dci : ndu goi X Y ldn lrrot Ia giao
didm cira BI vdi EC, AC thi (EDCX) = (AFCY)
- -1.
Dd chrtng minh mQnh d6 1 ta crj thd st
dung ki6n tirlc v6 chirm drrdng ihing -hoac
din[ phuonC ph6p toa d6. Xin ddnh vi6c chrlng
nrinh cho c6c ban.

MX tl
MY t2
Nx tr-l
Ny tz(MNXY)

: -, *#,H = -,

tl t, - |

hay :

t elr +tz=2tttz

-t.'t.-r
x, i e" (E) non tr,trnghi\m cira phrrong
l*o + t1x - x))2 lln + trg +yr)12
.
:1
*
trinh:
a2
62
trinh ndy vidt lai
-(x -xo\2 A -y)'- ^
La"b'J

Phrrong

Ap dung dinh li
Viet ta cci
tt + t. :2trt,
()

{dpcrn

l2a2b)

o2dk
1.2

7r2

a o2

p2

a2(kyr+ly)tt

x, * a2ky, = g
vAy 1 thuOc drrdng thing (L) : lb2 , - o2 k1,
f.62 I

o2 pZ

lb2

dpcm.

todn con brtdm

EIIip) Cho mQt
drrdng

r()J

Ellip (E) va

hai didm phAn bi6t

M, N thu6c (E).
Qua trung didm l

62

Dua vAo bai d6

tr6n ia cci thd gini
bdi torin 2 nhd sau

x**x*

2a2 d.kx + o2d2

.xxvv

,2 -

Nhdn rril : Ndu tidp tuy6n song song v6i

(d) tidp xric v6i (E) tqi J t]ni J thuOc (A).
Trl nhdn x6t tr6n ta crj bdi to6n 3 tudng
tu v6i bdi torin "con bu6m". DAy ld tnrong hop
rieng cua bdi to6n 2
Baihin 3 : (Bdi

xox J,,J *l y2. *!, y!,

+21
+-.
.--)l+.+.-1=0
'a- ,
b. a. b.t
a" bL

+-+-a2

xr=

L+.lr"+

(12b2 + a2k2)

-0

ctaMlr'

kd 2 duong

thnng phAn

bidt

cit (E) tai ldn ltrot

Ldi gidt bdi
taiA, B vd,C, D.AD
toon2:ChonhO
vd
BC c5t MN ldn
truc toa cto de (E) cd phuong trinh
IL1
Itrot
tai P, A
x' y' :
Chting minh rang : 1 ld trung didm ctra PQ
;a' +-b- I Xdt K ld giao didmAD vd BC. L (Hinh H4)
Ii giao didm BD vd AC. GSi X, Y ldn lrrot Id
giao didm o&a KL v6i AB, CD. Xdt Lu gdc iII. MO RONG BAI TOAN CON BUOM CHO
toin phdn tao bdi IA, IC, LD, LC ; tr) m6nh PARABOL
dd 1 suy ra .IXAB) : (IYCD): -1. Vav 1li6n
Trrong tu
:

hop v6i X vd Y d6i voi (E ). Gid srl 11r,f J,,) do

bd dd KL cci phrrong trinh

xx v v
{o' +'+:
b'

tra m6nh

1(1).

sau

Vi J thudc 01 n6n J (ltx,,, ky,,) v6i k ;a 0.

Gqi {d') la tie'p tuydn v6i (E) tai J ; (d') cd
phrrong trinh
:

kx,rx kyrJ
+,r =1 (2). Tt (1) vd (2) suyra
a",
o'
KL ll d' do do KL ll d.
Y\ (IXAB1 : -1 n6n chum x6c dinh bdi Kf
KA, KB ld chrjm di6u hda d ll KL n6n d bi
KA, KB, KI chiri thdnh 2 doan bang nhau
IP : IQ (dpcm).
M0nh dE 2 " : dno (r) Ia m6t Ellip vd (d) lit
dr:png thing ccj dinh. Gin sil (m)'la drrdng
thang ihay ddi cung phrrong v6i @) cit (fl
:

t1i M,.^/. Khi dd trung didn 1 cria MN lu6n

thu6c mOt dudng thang (A) c6 dinh, di qua
tdm d6i xfng cria (,E).(Hinh H4)
Ching nrinh : Chon h6 truc toa dO dd (E)

.rly2

cd phuong trinh :

M6nh dd 2 ban
d6' ddng kidm
dd

M)nh db 3 :
Cho (P) lA mOt
parabol vd (d) li:,
dridng thing c6
dinh. GiA sr! (nz)
Id dr:dng thing
thay ddi cung
phrrong vdi (d)
cit (P) tai M, N.
Khi dd trung
didm 1 cua MN lu6n thuOc m6t dridng thing
(A) c6 dinh, cr)ng phrrong v6i truc d6i xtlng
cira (P).
Drrong thing (A) trong m6nh dd 3 goi lA
driong kinh cua Parabol (P) Ii6n hop v6i phtiong
(d).

Biitodn4:cho
ld drrdng thing c6
(P) ld Parabol vn (d)

dinh. tA) IA duong

=I
-, *1,
o'
b"

Gii srl (d) cd phtrong trinh rtr * ly : c,

trinh ftx * ly : d.
I = O itri I tfr'uoc duongthing./ = 0.
Ndu / * 0 : Phrrong trinh x6c dinh hodnh
d6 siao dienr cua (nz) va (Et la
].262.12 aoztd. - h.rrz = l.2o2b2
suv
ra (m) cci phrtons
"Neu

kinh cria Parabol (P)

li6n hop v6i phrrong
(d) ; (A) cdt (d) tai
1. Qua I kd 2 duong
thing phAn bi6t ldn
luot c6t (P) tai A, B
vd" C, D. AD vd BC
cit (d) ldn lrrot tai

P, Q. Chrlng minh rang : 1ld trung didm ctia

PO-Tuong
tHinh H5t
tri nhri bd d6 cria bdi to6n 2 ban d6
dnng kiem tra bd d6 sau
Ed aA , Cho Parabol (P) : y2 :2px vd didm
I \x^, .y,,) ; khi dci moi didm li6n hop vdi I d6i
vdi YPr"ddu thuoc duong thing
Y,J : Prx + x'')
.
Ap dung *ei't.l ao'3 va bB d6 tren ban cd
th6' giai bai todn 4 bang crich ldp ludn hoin
todn tuong tu nhu ldi gi6i bdi to6n 2. Khi (d)
c6t (P) ta ccj bdi to6n tuong tu bei to6n "con
bu6nr" Id trudng hop ri6ng ctla bdi todn 4
Bii todn 5 : (bdi to6n con bu6m Parabol)
Cho Parabol (P) ve hai didm phnn bi6t M, N
thuoc (P). Qua trung didm 1 c: a MI'{ kd 2
drrdng thang phdn bi6t cAt @) ldn ludt tai,4"
B vit C, D. AD vd BC cdt MN Id ludt tai P,
Q. Chrlng minh : 1ld trung didm cira PQ.
:

rv. Mo noNc eAr roAN coN BuoM cHo

TryPERBOL
Bang crich hoin todn tudng td nhu d6i v6i
Ellip ban ccj thd giAi bdi to5:n sau
Bdi todn 6 : Cho Hypecbol (11) vd drldng
thing (d) tny y. MOt tidp tuydn song song v6i
(d) tiAp xfc v6i (I1) tai J. Dtrdng thing n6i J
vdi tAm d6i xring cua (FI) cdt d tai 1. Qua 1 k6
2 drrdng thang phAn bi6t cAt (H) ldn Iuot tai
A, B vd C, D.AD vd BC c6t (d') ldn luot tai P,
Q. Chrlng minh : 1 Id trung didm cria PQ
Bdi todn 7 : (bai tod.n con brr6m Hyperbol)
Cho Hyperbol (I1) vd hai didm phAn bi6t M,
diem I cia MI,] kd 2
N [huoc (I1 ). Qua trung-caL
tH) lAn lrrot tai A,
dtiong thAng phan biet
B vd. C, D.AD vd BC cdt MN ldn luot tai e
Q. Chrlng minh : 1 Id trung didm cira PQ
Trong c6c bdi todn tren n6u thay cdc dudng
Conic bang m6t cap dttdng thang ta cung cci
nhring bdi to6n tudng tu. Mdi c6c ban tidp
tuc tiilr hidu. Cudi cirnlg chric c6c ban cri nhi6ir
thdnh c6ng trong hocTap.

X6t o. vd azz. Yi azz t{ng qud cho 22 ngu'di,

trir ra,hai nzudi id a" vd chinh azz Yqy cr., phdi Id
dai bieu cnng l<ip rd'i a.: rd tdt nhi6n ldp do kh6ng
ohAi Id ldo crla Lan ra Mai.
' X6t or'vir a:r. Vi ozr t4ng quir cho 21 nguoi r,a
kh6ng t{ng qui cho oo, chinh ozr ra d4i bieu-cung
l(p uii ou r..Nhtm6.al qa. EnC 1la "Iq" qui ctia a':
rOi r.ray or la ngudi d4i bi6u cung lop.,ui o:r. Vd
I6p ndy cung f,hong tnd ta ldp Zria-Lan ra Mai
dugc.
'Ct?

Iap iudn ttrong tu nhu y ta se thAy cdc

dai bidu'ai vd a:z.i ld"oic dai bitSu cria ctrng mOt
i<ip vd l.on d.o. khdrg pMi in l<ip cria Lan rd Mai
oq cun$ Iop \,ut 422
or cing l<ip vii ozr
:

aro cirng

ldp vrti ast

Cdn Iala,iohai Ii dai bieu cirng ldp chuv6n

todn vtii Lan. Do chinh'Id Mai vIv Mai nhan

duoc 11 qud t4ng ( Theo Vurvng Gia Vu. 7H. THCS

Trtmg Vuong, Ha N0it
C6c ban sau dav crlrns cd ddp dn tbt . Phon

Vu Toitn.'7I.Tli Li6m, gi Noi , bito

8A, THCS DoAn LAp, Ti6n l,6ng,

Dic Cuitng
Hdi Phdng.

Nguydn Tudn Thin, Thi trdn Nghia Tdn, Tu

t ior,i, ua Noi.
BiNH PHUONG

IIOI AI, CAU Ci OE OUOC: TU' DO ?

Cau chuven sau dAy du,qc ke trong nhiriu cuon

tri r.a kh6ng it b4n da bi6t

Ngdy xua, trong cudc giao tranh giua hai xr1
THONG \a MINII, hoAng tl.? xu'fH(')N(; khong may
bi b5t ThAv chang tral rre khoi ngo. cong chria
xu MINH. ban cho hoang tfr mot dn hu6 ]a duoc
chon cdi ch6t: ':Ngudi duvc noi moc ci'u. rr6u lA
c6u dring thi ngur:i bi.chit clAu, con n6u tir cAu
sai thi ngur:i bi treo c6."
Suy nghi rong gidy ldt, hoang bfr nrii nrot cjru
r,ra c6ns chta ohai tha cho chans- vi klr6ns the treo
dtroc Cau
cp qa%u.ng glrang tle^ c\ap a.qn
mi ccj the nludu
chuy6n na/.con c6 pMn k6 Li6p "P.s.
ban
chua bi6t
' MOtthdi
gian sau d<i, rii ro th6 ndo md c6ng
chrja xu MINIr bi b6t, va hpdng tt xi l'uON(; cd
co hOi tre thir. Hoirng tri dAn hai t6n linh ldo nld
giam c6ng chria rd bao : "Nha giam nay cd hai
cria thorit ra ngodi, mQb c*a tu do (btric 5a dgog
cira niy thi ndng duqc tr; dor, va m6t cio ch't
tburic ra cria niry thi ndng bi gi6t ngay ldp tuct.
Hai ten linh niy m6i t6n gric mQt ctra, ntOt tn
sd.ch giAi

luOn noi thdt uit uui kEi ndng duoc.ftt do,

; citn rc;kia ihi nguoc
lai. lu1n n6i d(ii ia bubn khi nitrup duoc tu
do, uui ne'u ruitng bi gie't. Ndng duic h6i mqt
t6n linh gdc chi m6tcau de chqn cua ra kh6i nhn
nerv."
"siam
C6ng chrja mim cudi, tu tir bucj'c d6n trrrcic
mat m6t t6n linh eulc, h6i anh ta moL c'iu. va rtro
bu6n rudu nitng bi gidt

Gidi ddp bdi

Nhdn dUoc bao nhi6u qua ?

S6 aai bidu cira 72 16o

dai bidu'kh.ic

lit 24. Lxr da h6i 23

la tat cd. ca.c cAu tra ldi ddu khric

nhau n6n s6 qud hrong img cho tung ngu"oi 1A 0,

l, 2,. , 20, 21, 22. Ta l<r hi6u ai_ Id dai bi6u nhAn
cluoc i qua (i - 0", I,..,22t (\A tat nhir5n a, se t4ng
qud cho i dai bi6u ktr.ic.)

ISSN : 0866 - 8035

UNl SO : t2884
Mas6: 88T43M7

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nghe xong cau

trildi'thi

ndng ung dung btroc ra...

drlng cfta tu do I
Ean hiv thri srlc minh : bu6c til tit hdt mudi
buac'ban cO ti- ra cdu h6i cira cdng chda kh6ng ?

tai TTCBDH NXBGD

ln'tai Nhd mdv in Di6n Hdne. 57 Gidne

Tn xbng vA n6p lrrrr chidu thd-ng 811997"

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Vo

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