9d'q&:

so crAo

DUC vA DAo rACr

* ugI roAN HQC vIET NAM

rnp cui nn uANc rHANc

xAY DUNG cONe TH0c riruH rorue cAC so

TU NnrEru eANe DA rn0c

BAI TOAI{ WARIIIG

GlAi ,loAN HiruH

KHONG GIAN

KI THI TUYEN SINH

lo,

DAl.HOC
QUOC GIA
t
^t'

TP HO.CHI MINH
:,:

BA HINH VUONG

gd Qudc Anh vd

VA ViCt Anh nhQn gidi thu&ng mang ten nhd toAn hgc

Le Van Thiem

ToAN Hoc vA TUbI TRE

MATHE,MATICS AND YOIJTH

MT]C LUC
Tdng bi4n

fip

NGUYEN CANH TOAN

Trang
o

Dinh cho cdc b4n Trung hgc co sd

For Lower Secondary School Level Friends
- Xdy dgng c6ng thfc
tinh tdng c5.c sd ttr nhi6n bang da thrlc

Giii bei ki trndc

nOr oOr.rc BIEN TAP

Solutions of Problems in Previous Issue

fip

NGO DAT TU
HOANG CHUNG

LA Quang Trung

Pho tdng bidn

C6cbdi o as6241
2
o Dd ra ki ndy
Problems in This Issue
Ttl245, ..., TtOl245, L71245, L21245
I
o Ngd ViAt Trung - Bdi to6n Waring
10
o Ki thi tuydn sinh Dai hoc Qu6c gia
TPHCM 1997-1998
o Dhnh cho c6c ban chudn bi thi vio D4i hgc
For College and University Entrance Exam
Preparers
Vu Dinh Hodng - Giai torin hinh kh6ng gian bang
phrrong phSp phrrong trinh dudng vi. mat
15
o Giii tri to6n hoc
Fun with Mathematics
Gidi dap bdl ; Thrl tri thOng minh
Phanr Hing - C6t vd gh6p ba hinh vu6ng
Bia 4

Nguy5n CAnh Todn, Hoing

Chring, NgO Dat Tf, L6 Kh6c

Bilo, Nguy6n Hry

Doan,

Nguy6n ViCt Hai, Dinh Quang

HAo, Nguy6n Xudn Huy, Phan

Huy Khii, Vu Thanh Khidt, L0

Hei Khdi, Nguy6n Van Mau,
Hoing L6 Minh, Nguy6n Kh6c
Minh, Trdn Van Nhung,
Nguy6n Dang Phdt, Phan
Thanh Quang, Ta H6ng Quing,
Ding Hung Thing, Vu Drrong
Thuy, Trdn Thdnh Trai, LO Ba
Khrinh Trinh, Ng6 Vi6t Trung,
Dang Quan Vi6n.

Cilng ban doc

Thd theo nguyQn uortg cia dOng ddo ban doc uit ban ui't, tit s6 247 (Thd.ng 1.1998t tap ctti
Toan hoc uir Tudi trd (TIIVTT) se tung lan 28 trang (cd.bia). Nhu udy sd trang ru6t duoc tang
ln gdp rudi. Ngoiti cd,c chuyAn m.uc da c6, TI{VTT sA md thm cac ntuc mdi : Din d.an day
ud. hoc toan, Trang Sinh uiArt, Tidng Aruh ud. Todn hoc, Tin tic dqy uit. hoc toan, Cau lac b6,
Lich s* Tod.n hoc, ... TSp chi duoc trinh bity dep, bia dd.y hon. Gid bdn ld td 3000 d. Mong
cdc baru tich cuc ing h6 tap chi.
Trdru trgng cdnt on cac bart

TINTT
Tru sd tba soan :
81 Trdn Hung Dao, Hir NOi
231 NGuy6n Ven CiI, TP Hd Chi

Biin tap uo tri su.' VU KIM THI

Minh

'

DT :8.220073
LE THdNG I{HAT
DT : 8.356111 Trinh bay; HOANG LE BACiI

t,

DANH CHO CAC BAN TRUNG HOC CO SO

^Alf'

}(fiT [tfI{O COI'IG T}|ITG

ru NIIIIE]{

TIN}N TOHG CAC $O

BA!hIG ITA TEil!.TG

LE QUANG TRUNG
@ac Liar)

Gi6 srl f(x) ln mQt da thrlc cti b6c n. X6t

ding thrlc f(x) - f(x - 1) = g(x) (1)
Ta nhQn thdy g(x). ld da thrlc cd bAc (n 1) vn khi thay x ldn lrtot bing 1, 2, 3... n vd
cQng l4i ta drloc tdng : g(1) + eQ) +... + g(n)
= f(n) - f(0). Do dd xudt phdt til y6u cdu tinh
tdng n s6 trr nhi6n ndo dcj ta s6 chon ddoc
B(x) va d6n ddn bii torin : 'ix6c dinh da thric
f(x) th6a man f(x) - f(x - 1) = g(x)". Sau ddy
xin n6u mOt vii vi du minh hoa.
Vi du l. Tinh tdng : S = I + 2 +3 +...
* n. Til tdng trn ta chgn B@) = x uit. ftx) lit
da thtc bdr 2. Do d6 ta xdt biti tod.n : "Ilnl.
da thtc bdc hai f(x) bidt f(x) - f(x - 1) = x"
Giei. Gia s& f(x) = a.x,Z +bx *c (a * O).
Khi dd (1) *Zax - a *b = x

11
Z, b = i, c ttry y..
1_
Ydy f(x) =
i,*' +)x + c
Thay r ldn lrrqt bing 1, 2, 3, ..., n ta cci
S=l+2+3+...*n=
ru(n + t)
f(n)-f(O)=t 2suy ra o =

Vi aq 2. Tinh tdng : S = J*3 +5+... +

- 1), Ta chsn g(r) = b. - t ud. xdt bdi todn

(2n

"Tint da thic bfuc hai f(x)

f(x) -f(x - 1) = ?n -1 "
Giai. Giasir/(r) = ox2 +bx

*c

bidt

(o ;* 0). Khi

dd(1)*Zffi-atb:2x-l
suy ra o : 1, b = 0, c tiy f. V4y
f(x) = x2 +c. Thay r ldn lugt bing 1, 2, 3,...
ntac<iS=1+3+5++
(2n-10=f(n)-f(0)=nz
Vi aq 3. Tinh tdng
s : 12 + g2 + 52 + ... + (2n - l)2

Til tdng trn ta chgn

g@) = (L" - L)z = 4x2 - 4n + | uit xdt bd.i
todn : "Tim da thilc bq.c ba f(x) bidt
f(x) -f(x 1) = Axz -4x +l'
Giai . GiA sr? f(x) = ox3 +bx2 * cx * d. (a *
0). Khi dd (1) <+

3a.x2

- (tu, -zb)x -b*c*a--4x2-4x+1

o=64

ltu=4

-2b=4 * b=0
fo+c -b=!
c = -E-

.=.lgo

v4y /(r) =

t,t -!"

*a

Ldn lrrgt thay z bing 1, 2, 3, ..., n ta dttgc

s=12+92+...+(2n-l)z=
= f(n)

-/(0)

4n3

-n

Vi au 4. Tinh tdng
s = 13 +23 +93 +... +n3
Ta chgn g(x) = x3 uit xdt bd.i tod.n : "Tint
da thuc bQc b6n f(x) bidt :
f(4 -f@ - 1) = r3''
, GiAi. GiA srl
f{r) = ax4 +bx3 +cx2 +de *e (a * o).
Khi dd (1) c=r
4ox3 +(3b -6a)x2 +1h -86 + Za)x+

*b-a*d,=x3

giai ra ta dudc

111
o= 4, b=r, c= 4, d,=0 re tiy!'
7n1,1
vd f(x)=4*'*r*'*nx+e
Thay r ldn lttot bing 1, 2, 3, ..., n ta c6
S = 13 +23 +83 +... +13
-t-l

=ioo

*|*, *!r,

,n(n*l)12

L2l

Qua 4 thi dq tr6n, ch6c cdc ban dd nhAn

ra c6.ch chqn g(r) vA trl d<j tim duoc f(n) th6a
m6n muc dich cria phrrong ph6p ndy.
Bay gid c5c ban h6y thtl tinh hai tdng sau
dAy nh6 I
1) Sl = 2+4+6*...*2n
2) Sz= 12 +22 +32 +... +n2

1995 + 2"1ee7 .)
::::rs;f> zz

vd'
CQng

,a
(3)

trlng v6 crla (1), (2), (3) ta c<j :

F=x2+J2+22<

Bii

T1/241. Ch*ng minh rd,ng udi

[c>0

.1t"*c)2<ab*bc-Zar

thi lhuang trinh sau dd.y lu1n ludn c6 nghiQm :

a.x,Z

*c +o

+bx

Ldi giai Tt gia thidt, ta cci

2(a + c)2 - zob - 2bc I 4or < O

+(a*c12-2b1a+c)+b2*
+(o+c12+kc-b2<O

<= (o * -b)z + (a + qz - (b2 - 4a.c) < 0

Suy ra : "
62 - 4ac > (a + c -b)2 + (o +c)2 > 0(1).
Xdy ra
1) a = 0, Phrrong trinh dang x6t trd thDrnh
phrrong trinh bac nhdt 6r * c = 0, ddng thdi
di6u kiQn d6 cho trd thinh b > c > 0. Vny
phrrong trinh dd cri nghiOm x = -c : b.
2) a * 0. Phuong trinh tr6 thhnh bAc hai.
Tt (1), ta c<j biQt th:(acbz - 4oc ludn luOn khOng
6m vir phuong trinh d<j cd nghiQm.
VAy phrrong trinh dang x6t lu6n lu6n cci
:

nghiQm.

Nhfln x6t. ca 320 bai giii, phdn t6n dd.r gi6i dfrrg,
mqt s6 kirong it ban mic thi6.r fot a'o urong rct trirang n-o.-f
a = 0. Ldi giii t6t gdm cf : Nam Dinh : TrDn D*c HiQu (8
Toan Han Thuyen). NghQ An z Nguyn Hb XuAn Minh hic
(8A Hrlng Dtlns, Tp Vinh) ; Ii Quang Dgo (9CT Phan BQi
Chau). tG 'l'iy-l Luu Tidn Dil,c (88 THCS Nguyen Thugng
Hia Ung Hda). Thrii Binh : Iz, Qu! NghiQp (9 Todn Ndng

Khifu Ki6 Xudns). Ddk Ldk z Duons Thdnh An (8 ToSn

Ngrry6n Du. Tp"B"rlon Ma fhuot). Tp lib Chi Minil : r/bz
Ngoc Cudng,(9" Nguyn An Khrrong. Hooc Mdn) ; Dy'ng
Trbn Trl (9^'Hung Phri A, Q.8). Vin]r Long z Nguy4n Cfil
Trung Kiiin (9T N"guven Uinfr (friern, Tx Vi"ntr I-5rig). n{c
Giaig : Ngdlnh tiiin (Lang Giang). Quing NgFi zI,tgrryin
Thi Phuong Uyen Q Chuytn Nghia Hanh). Binh Drrcng :

Npyen Tin HnnsJl0 Clurvn Binh Dudne). Tiv Ninh :

frbh fudn f/ilzg (-9b'Chuyen foan THCS Cfirlyen bO Oau;.

s6rr-";;tr'it;

Bli TZl241 : Cho ba

thm, mnn *1997 q nr991 q rl99'l - g .
Tim gid. tri tlh nhdt cila bidu thtlc
F = x? +y2 +22
Ldi giai : (cria cdc ban Triin Thd Minh,
Truong Ydn Nhi, 8A, chuy6n Bac Li6u ;
Hoitng Tilng,9 chuy6n To6n, nang khidu Ti6n
Son, Bic ninh ; Luu Tifn Dtc, 8B, THCS
Nguy6n Thrrgng Hi6n ; Ung Hda Hi Tny;
Cao Le Manh Hd, 9A', L6 Lgi, Thanh H6a
vir mOt sd ban kh6c)
Ap d,lns bdt^di"g thrlc Cauchy cho 1995
sd 1'va 2 # *lee7, ti cri :
1gg5
- , +=:t4t()e1 > 199\[x=:TgqT = x:z (1)
1997
Trrong tg :
1995 + 2yreet
u(2)
!2
i997

3 . 1995 +z(xtee1 +yreel +

zlee1)

rc97
Ta cd : F= 3 *x2 = y2 = z2= | <=
++.x = ! : z = 1 (vi x, y, z > 0).
Do dcj i'aat gta t4 l6;irtrdt bing S.

Nh?n x6t :
1) Rdt nhi6u em srl dung bdt ding thric

Bunhiac6pski md r6ngdd gi6i quydtbai to6n nhy

(1

.1, l.x.x

1995 chtt sd

+ 1.1 ...1.Y.Y +

+1.1...1.2.")1ee7 <
s 31995 1xre9't qtrsn +,]e97)z
a pr997 E319e7 == 17(8. Vi !' = 3 khi
x = y =a = 1 n6n F l6n nhdt beng 3.
i) MQt s6 em md rQng. ket quA bii todn,
d:ing khen ld Dd.o Thi Bich,6H, Van Phf,
Phf Ninh, Phn Th-q ; Nguydn Dic Hd'i,9B,
chuy6n Y6n L4c, Vinh Phric vit Nguydn Ed
Xudn Minh Dilc,8A, Flrrng Dtng, Vinh Nghq
An de x6t vd giAi dting bAi torin :
"Cho & s6 11 , x2t...txk> O th6a min :
ri +q +... +ft = S
Tim g)5. td ldn nhdt cta
F =1+4.+... +fivdim > nvd"nr, n N*.
3) Dang lrtu y vdi sdc em ld mOt s6 sai ldm
trong e5c ldi giei gti vd :
* Sai ld.m I .' "Do vai tr6 cira x, y, z nhrt
nhau n6n cd thd giA stt 3 >- x > y > z > 0 +
g * *re9'1 +ytee1 4"1997 2grtee1 + z ( 1.

Dovaitror,y,znhrlsaun6nr s 1;y ( 1'.

L{ Iu6n "vai trb x. .tt. z nhu nhau" ldn thrl
hai [a sdi vi sau ki eie st x, > y >- z > 0 thi
di6u d<i khdng dring nrra !
x Sai ld.m Z . , x1997 +y199'l +zle97 = B =>
(xteo7 -t) + grs'tt - 1) + @1ee7 - 1) : 0

+ { x1997 -l -

yt997 - I - 21997 - 1 = 0
Xiri t<hons tinti tuan ( ?)
* Sai ld.m 3 : Xdt hai trtldng hop ( ?)
x > y >.2 2 I vd. I > x > ! >- z . Tai sao r,
y, z l1i chi co hai trudng hop nEry ?
Ching han r > | > y < z thi sao ?
* Sai liint 4 :'Gih srl r ) y 2 z >- 0

x2 > yz > 12

.+ maxG

so{

3,x2 ".

-[' = xz + yz + z2 < 3x2

Phai chdngSr2 la mgt hing

Sai ld,m 5 : xyz ( 1 + r,!,2 < 1 ' Ldy

leetB y z= 0 thi thdy ngay di6u suy
; =
ra d tr6n ld sai,
bii to6n li
4) C5c cm co kti giAi tot hon vi mcl rQng-rrbn
vtln Hd,
Hd Vhn Det, gTA, Pha; IlOi CMu, NghQ Ln :
Trbn Tntng, iilidu, 9t)2, L4c Vi6n, tlii Phbng ; v'fi Dr2c Ngfiia,

r-

8a, DOng Crldng, Thanh ll6a i NgO Anh Wtn, Lang Giarry,
BIc Giang (di nghi cho hidt l6p mfo ?).

lE rs6Nc NsAr

B}ri T3i241 t Cho p, q, r lit. ba sS.nguyn

td ldn hon 3. Chung minh phuong trinh
% -Zy -p4 'q4 -x4 : A
LuOn c6 nghiQm. tu nltin udi mei p, e, r
nhu uQy.
Ldi giAi : cia Ngd Qu6c Anh,8T, Nguy6n
Dri, BuOn Ma Thu6t, Dic Lic. Phrrong trinh
d6 cho tudng drrong v6i :

9(r-P+-q4-14)+
=6
;? (1)
9.-ta4@.4
: qa
thay
ngay"a;;
rdng

(1)

Tn

lx:pa+q4+11

1v-aipr+q+'"'t,

voi \noi F, e, r la 3 s6 nguy6n td ldn hon 3 ld

m6t cdp nghiOm tU nhi6n ctra phrrong trinh
dE cho. Ta cci dpcm.

NhAn x6t :
t. d Uai todn ni.y thuc ra kh6ng cdn giA
thi6t p, q, r lit 3 s6 nguy6n td l6n Eon 3 ina
chi cdn p, e, t c Z Ia dt.
2. 'l-At cit

cic

kJi giAi gili O6n dA: dring. Chc ban m ldi

giii tot lir : fa'L'dn Chuong,gA, PT'CS Xu6n Hda, Me I-inh,
Vinh lllrric l)tut Thi Huong (iiang,7T, Chuyn Quijc Oai.
IIir I'iry. l)art Vdn Huv. gTi P'l'Tii NzuvCn trai , XeA fW
tlturg, ic. Arnstcrtlam ; He'NQi. NgryZi Aodng Lon{ ; 9At.
TI ICS ll6ng l\ang: frhn Vdn hd,9Dz, PTCS I ac Vin, Hii

lld.'thi

Phuong Thdo,9IN,
NK Bim Son, I'hrrnh lltir. .Vgruvdrr Tlnrth M-o,8,\, 'IHCS
Thanh Dr.long, 'Ihanh Chttrtng. NghO An, NguS'en Xudn Hdi.
9! Nf I.Q'Ih,ny ; Hodng l)ai Nghia,98, D6ng Son 1, Ddng
[{6i, Quang B\nh. Hunnh Mii.h Son.9l'. ciiuyen Nguyrii
\ghicnl Dric Phti, Quing NgAi. Duong T'hthfi an ;"Ting
Th! lh YAn,8T t D6 lfodng Nant, s('l', Nguy6n Du, Bu6n
M Thuot' Deik LrlL
Phbng. Hd Xuun GiriT>. 8'l'N2.

rd

NGU'EN

. Pei T4l24l. Cho nia, dudng trdn (O), duitng

kinh AB uit. ntQt didm C ndnr. gifta A, B. Tfu
m6.t didnt M trn nta dudrug irdn ki duirng
thdng uudng g6c udi MC cat iar tidp tuytln tqi
A,udB cil,a"(O) tqi cd,c didm tuon! uru"g n, ia.
T'int ui tri cia didm M sao cho chu uilt gior
AEB dat gia tri be nhd.t.
Ldi_giai.$Ua
*Didm
UOng Bi,

theo Bni Anh Drlc BA Trgng

Qudng Ninh). Do ccj cAp gdc
dOi vu6ng n6n c6cJr? g12c AEQIC, BFMC ndi
lidp 1d ta cci Et=Mr; Cr=L[, Ma
Mt=!, (gcic cci canh trlong tlng vuOng gc5c)
n6n 8,, - Cr .Suy ra LAEC - LBCF (th 1),

vi ta

cci

: AE:BC=AC:BF hav ld

AE . BF = AC . BC . Ap dung bdt' aing tnrfc

Cauchv. ta cri :
AE"+ nn > hl,qE . BF = Z,IAC . gC, Talai
co EF > A-B (vi AB la khoine cach eifra hai
dudng thing song song ldn hiot chrtiE, F)
Tt dd ta c<i : Chu
vi ttl siac AEFB =
e n[M.Ee . Ddu
"=rr xdy ru khi MC
vudng = AB (do trl
siScAEFB trd thAnh

Eintr

z,lre:m

Hon nta,

ngoiri

trudng hop tr6n, ta

IuOn lu6n c6 vd tr6i
l6n hon n6n ddu "="

khdng xdy ra. V{y vi tri cdn tiur lA giao didm

M^ c:0'a nta dudng trdn v6i dudng vu6ng g<ic
vdr
' AB tai C.

NhQn x6t.

C6 112 bai gidi, rdt cA-dCu giAi tlung nhrrng

tcit gdm c<i : Quring Ninh : B_ij D*,
Anh (8A Trong Di6n LJong Bi). llinh DuTmg : Ngtyn Tidrt
con chua gan. Ldi

giii

Hdni Oo ciruieq girng Vuong;. 'l'p IIb Ciii M"ini rrln

'
Ngop Hdt (q^' tH(lS Phrldc Binh, Q.,t) :'frhn Thi Ngpc
Thtiy (9^'Bi Di0m 3, quan l2). I'!t1 Thq : Itron6 I'hu Ninh
(8Ar -huyen Phong Cli6u). Hii I'hdng : Vu NgeL' Minh (87
Chu Vtrn An). 'fhanh H6a t '|'rilth Quang KiEn (9'l' tam
S<rn1. Hir Ndi': ,/'ftarry t h( Hdng (g' Trr Liernj. Quing Nam :
Hu\ith Minh Vit (8n Nzuv6n ilin, Din tsan). Thtri Binb :

Dinh

Ngultin vdn ulm'1tfvr';t'H Quynir boi. O,iy"t Phu). Hn

Tdy : HodngVdrt V*ng (9^ P't('S Ng6 Si t-rc'n. Chrlchg MD.
DEk LEk z Tg Qt Ld c f lung (8'lo5n Chuy6n Nguyen Du, Bu6n
Ma ThuQt).

I)ANG VIEN

Bni T5/24r

Cho tam gio.c ABC, M lit. trung didm cgnh

BC. Chnng minh rd,ng rleu r, r7i 12 lit. bdn

kinh cac duimg trbn nQi tidp

cd.c

tuorlg rtng ABC, ABM, ACM thi

1 1 >-2 (.1 2.
\.r-+- ol \
-+r1 11
Ldi gi6i

tam

gid.c

(v6i BC = a).

:
I

Ta cri SnnM= SA(.M=

2snac. Mat khac
>AM h (h ld, dudng cao cta LABO)
^42U2AMAM
(1)
suY
ra t
* q; =

s**

a= s^BC
2 a*b*c
rS

rt (1) vit (2) ";/"fu ""

abc

e)
,

42 AM+r+z+z 11.
-_r_
-+-<
o,r
stnu
r, r.
Va,
'" Irt *!,
12 z l!
\r

Drdu

cAn.

LL

+?l
a/

dingthdcxfry rakhiAM = htilc LABC

NhSn x6t

Trn day chi la mot trong nhidu c6ch gidi

Giii tdt biri nav c6 c5c ban :

Phri 'I'hq : NpyAn ThiC; r:di,9A1 chuyn s6ng Thao,

Ddo 'I.hi uich 6H, VAn I'hr1, Phti Ninh_; Vinh Phfc : Hobtg
Tdng. 9 Ohuyn NK l'i0n SOrL Ngayfr l)dng Quv, 9A 'I5
Thuf,n Thanh : IIii l)u'ong : Db Npc Qui'nh. RT NK Hai
Duarry, Nguy|n Quynh IIoa, gT Nguytn lrai ; Th6i Binh :
Mai LAm Phuong,9'I' Kidn X{ong,; lli Tiy : Nguydn Cbng
Hotn,9K i.C Lgi, He D6ng ; Ilung YEn : Ddo Llodng Bdch,
9A l-ong llrrng, CMu (iiang ; IIi NQi : Ng6 l'hn ll'iorg,7C
Hd NOj --Amsterdam. Nguvin NgO Ldm,8(1.'l'6 Hoing ;

Nam Dinh : 'frbt Quang I 8'l-llAn Thuydn,Trbn QuaigWih,

9CT Y Yen. Cao Vdrt Dudn, CL.C Giao'I'huy. Nguv\n Quang
Tiiztg 9A" Trdn Ddng Ninh ; Thanh l:16lr : Mai Thi T'hu Sdnh.
9,{ Nga I lii. Nga Sttn. Lf Kinr Phuqtg, 9CNK Thinh ph6.
Trinh"l.t Hting,b't Lam Sdn. Ngu.6n P"hli l.e, 9A NK H&ng
Hoa, Trinh Quang Minh,9Il Cl-C Triu Soq Ddrn Thi Hd,
98 CLC 'frieu Sdn, Hi 'fhi Phrong 1 hdo,9'ft-l NK Bim Sdn ;
Ngh An l Chu Vid Tudn, Ngujin Dinh Quhn, gTA Phqn
BQi Chau,l, Vi(t IIda,9A D6ng VAn, 1'hanh Chrrong ,NgtyAn
Nghia Tdi . CI-C Dar Lu<-rng ; Hi'linh z Nguyin Thtiith iritng,
9TNK He Tirln, Ilodng Le Lqi,8T NK'l'hach Ila : Quing
Ajn\ : N&aydn Xuott l{di,9T NK t,Q Thuy ; Thriu Thin -

t din Trung ltilu, 8A1 Ph[ BAi. ilucrng l'hiy; Ddc

[Ec t Hb Th! Thanh 'L.rury,7'f NgLryEn Du, Ilu6n Ma'l'hu6t :
Hu6

Kh6nh

llin

z Trbn Tudn Anh,9T Le Quy D6q Nha Trang,

Ngb Trung Hiu,9T chuyn Ngr.ry6n Du, Ql, Triz
Dtnh Hpc hdi,gM Phrt6c Binh , Q9, Lu Boun l4nh,9Al ChAnh
H,tng, Qg ; TiEn Giang : Nguydn NSec ?w Phuong, ST NK
Cai l4y ; Vinh tong : Nguy4n Chl Trung rKiin, 8T chuy8n

HCM :

Khiem'

NguYen Binh

xd.c

dinh bdi

KIM TH,Y

b,};= ,

z Cho d.ay s6 {

dusc

a" )v">1
Ching m.inh rd.ng, day {b,,} ld ddy h\i ttl
tim limbn

n+&

Ldi gini kia nhibu bqn.) : Bang phrrong

ph:ip quy n4p theo z ta sE chring minh ring :
J- (l) vn >- l.
o-n = L cote,,2n+L
2n

Thdt vay, do 6,
cc, (1) dring

v6i n

: +: *rs;nn6n
;

= l.

Gi6 srl da cd (1) dfing vdi n = k

ld

ln

:D*:

Khi dcj

*cot{in

1 , nghia

,ou ";"_*

2k+t

'

mu6n chrlng minh,

Tr] d<i :

Uo

nl2n+l

;;_,,.**r

vn >
nTrn

rL :
lrmcos-1 . lim *4:
qn+I
lt.

H,

irqrts,

Soi ldrn 1 ; Tt X, 4yrVn

- o suy ra limr, = a . (? t)

n* vd

n+@

"try-',

)S,. =y

6 dd Sk = k(ghz+3ft +
16

1)

v6i ft do d<i ndu

2: Xudt ph6t tt) limX,, = 0 suy

=,'Yr= -* li*'41? r I rl

s6 nguyon td

16

thi

k:l

llAi niy c6 rait nhicu ban tham gia giAi. I)a sii dc'u tinh

vi

Sai liim

x-1

Nh4n x6t.

n+6

1) Trong tdng s6 44 b4n giti ldi giei tdi

mic phAi

tIilI +

lA mot s6
) "o
chin ldn hon 2 do vAy kh6ng li sd nguy6n t6.
Thdnh thrlr : 2 vd do dciy =Sr : 7

T.S. cd 5 ban cho ldi giAi sai, do da

mQt trong c6c sai ldm sau

limy,

B,diT7l241..Tim, cdc sd nguyn td x, y thm

phuong tinh
+t1E3l-l : y trong do
tTfi
lal chi hi hi1u pltil.n nguyAn cia s6 a.
Ldi giai : (cria c6c b4n Nguydn Xud.n Hd,
12 PTTH Drlc Phd, QuAng Ngr{i, Trd.n ViQt
2*ry9, \?,IG QW__Dj-",P--a -\6lg !u*g Hn"e
Thdi, ll tin, DHSP Vinh) NhQn x6t ring
lIi) - k a1r\ < nr < 1r + t.yr - t
56 cric sd m th6a rndn di6u ki6n ndy li
1A + tlr -Ar: 3k3 +3k +L
VAy phuong trinh d[ cho trrong duong vdi
md.n

r li

(2)

"*ih4r, *e,

NGI.]YF,N KIIA(] MlNII

x*1

n+Sln______:_

n6n trJ (2) suy ra day { b,} la

: Duong,
Duons Nsily|n
Nguy4n Ylinh,
Ylinh, Nguy4n Viet Linh OIT
Cao Qudc
ttguydn
Manh Hit,
tu.
Hn, ('att
IIi NOi i: Nguy4n
IIi"NOi
N*uydn Msnh
PTN$. DHQG IIilNQi
PTNK).
Qttdc Hip
(11A, 12A PTCT - Tin DHKTITN).

TP HCM

Vi So cd cirng tinh chin

-.

limbn =

e'(loAt P'[TI{
P'ITIJ chrlvn).
Tf,rii Nguy6n
Neuven : VE Tudn Anh
hung'(lOAz
chuyn). Thrii
(To6n.11K8 PTNK 'l'inh). Bdc Giang : Vn Dui' Tudn (12A
PT'THNgosiLtcn;. IIii ['hhng , DdnEAnhTudn (lTPT|H
Trdn Ph6"). HA Ndi : N5rrvfrr rta M,tirh (12n PTi H Cti Loa
llinh :; D6 Quanl;
htong (11'l'
(111' P1TH
PI'TH
Htla ttiritr
Dong Anh). Hoa
- D6ng
Quang Drrrng
lloa : I.t
L0 Vdn Phuong (10T PTI'H
hngVIn'Ihu).
VIn'thu). I'hanh lltu
Hoing
14! SqD. Nshe A! ' I)dns n*l!!w1h..rrht1 !ql, Prfg gr!,
12T PT'[H lihan BOi Chau). DEk LEk : L Dtnh Blnii ^Le
Thd Ttu
The
Ttut (l2T PTIH Nzuydn
Nguyr5n du - B
Bu6n M-a ThuQt). DHQG

ln
=
,o*rcotg 2k+2
Nhu vay, ta crlng cci (1) dring vdi
n = k * 1 . Theo nguy6n li quy nap, ta cci di6u
2
o
bn=icosr;:l

2) Kh6ng it ban, sau khi dE chrlng minh

(t) lai di chrlng minh sg hQi tu ctla ddy
b,}
bing c6ch chrlng minh { b,l la d6y tnng
{
vir bi chin tr6n.
3'r Cdc ban sau ddv c6 ldi sidi t6t : YCil Bii : Ta Xufrn

ta

bk+t=i ?u* l-^ 1.

\ui*no)

lltrt1.
= 2'zu \cotg

o Soi ld.m 4 r Sit dqng kh6i ni6m "cdn

dudi dring" trong khi chrra hidu gi v6 khrii ni6m
d,rqc

1
1,
IT-1
b;+
br=i,bn+t:i(b^+l
ud. hd.y

cdc ddnh gi6 sai cho

nay.

vo

Bai T6/241

o Soi lh.rn 3 .' Dua ra

bn.

(x l)x 11s: +.r)

e rtli ttt drl giii phLr.rng
Uanff+|:-4y
trinhx(x- l)(3.2
v6i+ y ngr-ryen td. Cac b4n sau
t6ng vii rrAi

d8y co lrii

giii ttit

An, Phgrn

Vi|t

: Ng'uyen

Minh Pfueong l2A Hnng Vudng,

Phri Thq. Nguvin Ken, l2Az YEn B6i. Ngulfn thanh Timg.
I I C DIIKH'I N. N5zlJn fhri Thp,12T I'han llQi Cheu, NghQ
Arr, DdnR Nxrc t'hait. t0l t Nzuy6n Du. t)irk L,ik, Trdn fuit
ThuAn, l?C'I'l'lNK Qrrringlinh. Ngzrvirr Nghla Latn. lI
Iodn DHSP Vinh.'l'ruong Mirth') rung.9A Qirln (lhau, NghQ
N1goc.l''l'NK Ngo Sr I-i6n. ItIc (;ixng ; Drxh
P I-l t t Lutrng Jrlgl.rc'Quycin. Thrii Nguy6n ;

Dlic Ilodrg. I lA

Li Vcin iiisp. tOl Nguycn {'rail Uii Dwnng. Ng) tit,ing

Quj', 7C HA NOi Arn^s1crdam, IIn N0i, IIb Cht llidu, IOC
'Ib6n I-rdn i'h[. [Iii F\rdng, ll,'httg Vdn V*ng, P1 (:S Ng,r
Si Lien, Chrl<lns Mf, IIA Tiy ; Di ilodng nam,9 Nguli Du,
Ddk Ink, I.'Eou'vinh,10'cr DHKrrtN, TPCHIfi; Tirrs

Kim Anh,12't Nguyn Binh Khiem. Vinh t ong, LA Quang

ttdm. 12CT DI td(;. TPHCM.

DAN(i I{UN(i I HANG

Trdn phri), Ngb An , Ngtydn Qu6c lluttg (Huj'nh Thr:rc

Khane), Quing binh , Tihi Hau L6c 1l2C'T Ddng H6i).

Bhi T8/241. Cho x,, x,t,..., x,, lit. n sd thttc

thudc doan [0, 1]. Ching'mink'rdng ta luiltt

Npyn Bdn Bir?h (llAr Dao Duy 1'rt. Ddng ll6i).

c6 bd.t ddrug thuc

r,(1 - xr) +xr(I -13) + ... +

NGI]YEN VAN MAU

+xn_i(r -xn) +xn(t -x1) =

Bni Tgl}4L. Chtng rninh

(1)

[;]

Giii : (cria nhi6u ban)

1) Ndu n = Zko ft c N. thi
(!) .+ k >. xr(l - xr) * xr(.\ - rr) *
x.,"(l
z^ - x)+Q)
lt xgrD x, * x,
It **g^>z5 xr*x,

".. +

TPHd Chi Minhi

Mh.{
I

ta

C6ng vd vdi vd

c:iua

cdc bdt

cdn ddn nhitng

ding thrlc tr6n,

drtOc

. xt*x2i.-... lxrp<
x.rxr * xfl *
<k:FT<

< k * xrx, *

**s

Trrr6c hdt, trong bhi todn niy chfing ta

hG thrlc luong gi;ic d6 bidt sau
d6y.
-Atrong_ moi AABC :

t.....

lll^) *x",;., > x**x,

rd.ng trong ntqi

giac nhqn ABC, ta c6 B.D.T :
sinAsiruB * sinBsinC * sinCsinA >
>- (t +',tfrosM;;E;;;e)2 ;(*)
Ldi giei (Drla theo : Vu Huy Toitn. 1lT,
FTNKTTdn Fhf, IIAi trhdng ; I'uu Duc Cdnh,
114 PTTH l{oing LO Kha, Hd Trung - Tbanh
Hda ; L Quang-Nd.m l2CT, PTNK DHQG
tant.

catg,
...

* *Xf

+ ... + x,2ixy

cosA

tt

dAy

ta cri

ngay bdt d&ng thrlc (2).

-2)NauruLzk+!,keNthi
(1) *+ k > x,(1 - r") * x"(l - x,) + ... +
rzr.*r(1 - xp *le +^ar*i + *i, + ... + xzk*txt

)- x, * t, * rr,,, , (3)
ta chr'rng fiiidh (3) bing phuong ph6p quy
nap theo ft.
V6i k = 1 thi (3) cri dang :
+ *fi2 j x*.t f \xr7 ,r j r: + r, (*)
--.1
t1at oang thuc nay luorr oung, clo
(1 - x,)(1 - r,)(1 - x,) >- O (hidn nhi6n vi
xp 12, r, k [0, 1J) .=* L I xrxr.* *{, * xrx, 7
'x, +x^ +.f,- ++x.,x,-,x.^ > x, +x^+x' Gid srt ig) oun'g'vEi k (h > 11. t'o chrtng
minh (3) dung v6i k * I : k + I + x,x, 4 xrx.
+ ... + x2k**2k*3 * x2t *3xt 2 >- xt + xi + ..-. *
rzr.+: (4 )
'ru*r1jo'?x) :r+
:

x2knr +tr
i, xz*+{2r.-3 ittzt*z*x2k+32
t xzk+3r2k+ trl

L*xru*rxLxzk+2

L?trf"y a'I f*g4'.rl'"lJu $,r"1II

xz * ... *zp*t) * *2k*2 * rz**g (
!
< f + x(z + l':.s + 4{zx*t { izk*txt *
xzx-3 < < k ! *1gz+ xzx3 + ... +,zflzr*
*lz\+Z+
* *zkr3*l
'#Td,'ir+aa inlfao#,?H'
Sr
(xt

+cosB *cc,sC

vu6ng)

; $)

* I = sintrt"Zsinf,

; t2)

tgAtg$tgc (n6u AABC khdng

ABC
+

(3)

tgA + tgB + tgC >- cotg, cotq + cotg,

Z
(4)
,ndu L,ABC nhon) '
Ba h6 thrlc ddu ld nhrtng bA.i tdp trong SGK.
Ta chrlng rninh B.D.T (4). Trong tam gi6c nhon
ABC, ta c6 :
sin(A +,B)
tgA + tgB =;;;c*B
=
2sinC

=ry'>

CC
Zsinc : 4sin 2 cos ,
-------l1 -;.-C
zsin'1

-- 2cuig

vh hai B D T tudng trr. CQng vC d6! vd ba B.D.T

d<i, ta thu dirgc B.D.T (4). Ddu ddng thfc x6y

ra khi vd chi khi : cos(A - B) = c-os(B - C)
= cos(C - A) = 1, nghia la khi vi chi khi A
= B = C vi AABC la d6u.
Nhd c6c he thfc (1) ve (3), t,l (4) ta drroc

B.D.T sau

ABC

ryArgBEC > cotg, cotg 2 cotg

Tt dd, sau khi thay

Nhfln x6t

Uqh

cotg, *,cotg, = cotgZcotgdcotgT

tgA + tgB * tgC

: Cac bqn sau ilAy c6 ldi giii dring : Nam

Elrnh : Nguyn 'Irudng Giang (l Zf tb -mng fhongT, I{i tinh :
.\gd Thdi Phti (70At, Minh Khai), Hai ducrng , Npy4n lldn
Ludt (l2CT Nguyen Trei). Ninh'binh : Vil Hdi Chdn (L.hclng
VAn'l'Uy), Phf thg: Nguyn Minh Phuong(lZ{HnngVrtong),
Hi n$ : Phan Tud_n So4 Nguyin Mpnh H4 Cao Qudc Hifp
(DHKHTN), NgzyAn Hbng.Vtut (12A Ngqc Hdil,NguyAn Dtc
Mph (tZA 'C6 loa). HUE : Trhn Bd pbn (DHWI), Huynh
Trpng NhQt Minft (9A Phri t$c), Dd Ndtrg : Phqm Trbr Thdo
DuyAn QLAt Fhan Chdu Trinh), Viqh long : Tdng Km Anh
(12T. Nzuvn Binh Khiern), DEc I-5c : L Thd Ttut, L Anh
bang GZi Nguy6n Du). fhanh h6a: Hbng Phuong Dbng
(111 t^am Son), TPHCM : Duong Nguyn Y Linh (DHaG).
Vinh Ph6c i NgtyEn Hbng Quan, Le Thd Thdilr (Chuyin
VInh ohric) Thdi binh : Bii T. Hins (rc Quf D6n), BEc
giang': D(ing Hodng ViQt Hd, Ng,rfri Tien
Vfi Duy
Tudi lNgo Su! i-ien), Yn b6i , Ngry6!, Ktn (LlAt chuyn),
L Minh D*c (lZAt chuyn), H6i phdng : Vtt Trung Nghia
(Trdn ph[), Ild Huy Hung (Trin phQ, Dfing Anh Tuln (177

sinA

tgA =
cotg
,orA,

2 ;{5)

A
cosT

, = -.
tr,
stn

7
A
^A
sinA = Zsin
rcosE-, 2sin', = 1 -cosA vi
A

nhtng hQ thrlc tuong t{ vio (5) ta drroc B.D.T

sau:
(1 - cosA)(l - eosB)(1 - cosC) >
(6)
> cosAcosBcosC I
TrI (6), ta duoc :

cosA * cosB * cosC * cosAcosB * cos8cosC

cosCcosA > 2cosAcosBcosC * 2(cosA * cosB

*cosC)-1;

M4t kh6c, cung tr) (6) vn (2), ta drrqlc :

Q)

nay
< 8siz2
f; "ir,2 'r rrn''f,,
(vi cosA. cosB. cosC ddu > 0)
{%oszcosEco;e <
cosAcoskcosC

Ggi D, E, F
Idn lugt ld giao

di6'm cria-cric cdp

drrdng thingBP,

CN

ABC
< 4sin

7singsin7=
= cosA*cosB *cosC - 1 ;
hayld:
--+ cosB * cosC > 1 + rlZcosAco.sBcosC
;
"oiA
Tt dd ta duoc
2(cosA * cosB * cosC) - I * 2cosAcosBcosC >
) t +ztl%MinGfr *2cosAcosBcosC
hay ld
Z(cosA * cosB * cosC) - l* 2cosAcosBcosC >
(8)
> (1 + ,[Zcos,a,cosncosC)2;
t6 rAng cdc vti trd.i cfia
- Ra-n- gio ta chdng
x'I
B.D T

t7

va B.D.T

cdn chtlng minh lir trang

nhau ThAr vAy, trong AABC ta c6 :

cosA = *cos(Jl +C) = sinBsinC * cosBcosC,
hay ld
:

= cosA * cosRcosC
vi hai hO thfc tuong tu. C6ng vd d6i vd ba
hd thrtc nAy, ta du<lc
sinAsirrB * sinBsinC -+ sinCsinA : cosA *
cosB + cosC +.cosAcosB * * cosBcosC +
sin-BsinC

cosCcosA;
- Cudi cr)ng.

(e)

tri t9), (7) vd (8) ta thu drrgc

B.D.T ("') cain tinr.

Ddu ding thrlc E t{') xAy ra khi ve chi khi
tarn giSc ABC lh ddu.

Nhfn x6t

1o) Nhi6u ban cho lcli giAi khOrlg gon,

bny khOng sang sta, nrach iac.

trinh

2') MOt sd.ban kh6ng chrl'ng minh truc tiep

B.D.T lrrong giric ({') nra chuydn sang chr.lng
urinh B.D.'l' ttlong duong, liOn quan ddn cl6
ddi c6c' canh a, b. c cira tam gi6c vli cd.c b6n
kinh Il, r r.:ua ciir-'dudng tron ngoai va n6i tidp
tarn gizic. Ldi giAi niry khdng dep. phfc tap
hon ldi giai thudn tuy luong gi6c. IJ") Ban
Nguydn Kh6nh'I'rinh, 1I'l',, trtlit-ng PTTI{ Hn
nOi - Ansterdam cd nhan xdt th6m la ndu
kh6ng han chd & tanr gizic nhon thi ta c<i kdt
quA sau diy : 'I'rong moi tam gi6c ABC, ta cd
B.D.T
sitAsinB *gin8sinC = sinCsinA < (cosA
+ cosB + cosC)2

4") Ngoni ba tran nu tr0n, c5c [irn sar: daii co ldi giii
tdt : Trbn HEU Lt1c. l2l'. PTNK Quing llinh ; Ddng D*c
Hanh, LLT. trttong Phan lloi Chdu, Ngh0,\.n ; Ngtvtri Minh
Phrong. l2A l,lTH chul,f'n Ilirng Vu!,ng. Phri 'l'hr1 ; 7"rEn
fi6n Artlt. qT. I i Qui D6n. N ha T'rnng, Khrinh IIda
N(;UYF,N I)ANC PHAT

Bni T10t241. Gid si M, N, P ld ba didm

tht t4 ld.y trn cac cqnh SA, SB, SC crta

mdt trl dien, SABC. Goi I ld. giao didm cia ba
ntat ph&ng (BCM), (CAN), (ABPI ; J l.it giao
theo

didnr crta ba ntdt phang (ANPI, (BPM) uit

(CMN). Chilng nilnh rang ba didnt S, I. J thd.ng
hitng ud :

JS 1* MS*Lrr
NS+ PS
=
rte
u(*)
JI

Ldi gini 1 cua Phant Hbltg Nghin, 11A,

Trdn Coo
6

\/orr..

Qui Nhoru, Binh Dinhi.

CM, AP vir

giao tuydn AD,

BE, CF cria c6c:
cap mdt ph&ng
(CAN), (ABPI :
(ABpt, (BCM)

AN, BM. Do thdy

c6c drrcrng theng

(BCM

(CAN ddng quy tai giao dijm 1 cria

phing (BCM), (CAN), (ABPI. Cring vAy,

giao
tuvdn MD, NE vir PF c&a ciic cr{p
cdc
rrrat"ph&ng 7npU,. (CMN) ; QMN), (ANP ve
,ANP), (BPM t ddng qu.y tai J.
Gsi Z V vA W lan lttot li giao diem cria
cdc c6p dr.tong th&ng SD, BC ; SE, CA vh S4
l.B (x6m h.vo). Suy ra AU, BV vd C1V ddng
ouv tai mOt dienr K tr6n siao tuvdn (S1) cira
6a"rrrat pli&ne (SAD), (SB"E) va iSCF). adng
thdi K ciing rilm tr6n giao tuydn (SJ) cria ba
mat phing (SMD), (SNEt vd (SPF). VAy bdn
didrn-S, I, J vit K thing hang-(tren giao tuydn
chung cria hai b0 ba m4t phang ncji tr6n).
- Dd f rhng ba didm N, .I, V thang hdng,
5p dung dlnh ly Van Aubel vdo hai tam gi6c
SCA (v-di ba drrdng thang SV, CM, {P d6ng
quy 6 A) ve SBV (vdi ba drrdng thing SK,
d 1) ta cci c6c hd thrlc sau :
BE, VN ddng quy
PSa-:---i-a--MS- ES ES NS 15
PC ' MA h:V '' EV NB ]K
Tt dd suy ra :
ba m4t

PS JS
MS
NS I_-:_-./'!l
.-+MA,NB'PC IK''"

MAt khdc, Iqi cci (SIJK) = -l itinh chdt

di6u hoa cria trl canh todn phdn cci ha dr-ldng
chd<r li S/, NE va BV ; suy ra :

KS: JShaY Ia t ./S | + 15

IK'(21
JI =
xt j,

Til (1) va-(2) ta thu dugc h thtic ('r) cdn

tim

Liri gidi 2 (cua Ngu.ydn Tii'n Mnnh, l2A,

PTNK NgO Si Lien. RAc Giang,r,e Tran iluc
ThuQn., 12T', PTNK Quing Binh). Goi X :
BP n CN, Y = CM fl APvb Z = AN fi BM ;
thd thi trong mp @CMt cd I - BY n CZ vir
trong rrp (AI{f,) co+I -= NYJ\-PZ
vi
---Dqt * S4 = o.JB +b . SG: c
SM = xMA .51'r = yNB , SP = zPC ; the thi ta
clugc

+I-+--->y+--+21

SM

=l-;;",SN=

*r0,SP = | +r,

(r > 0, J > 0, z > A) Trong np

fAN,) n (BM, nen ta drtoc

(SAB).

Z=

= cSLtf + (1 -a),58 =p,S& + (1 -F)^9l

hay

.*":
:

e -ef,=#-**u

\ntil 6'n6n ta phf,i cci i

d,x 1 vd ---:Fy
I
T-:I+T = - '{J
Til dd ta

drJoc

I+Y = -rt

-$i

+x+ySZ:-----:--,-o*-.s+y*1-b
a+y+l-Tuong t{, ta duoc
:

+v+z+

sx- y*z+l-'l-:b
+z+r+

--+ --->
r(xa-lyb*zci

+]++-,

S./= .r+y*z*L
, , -.-F(ru+.yb*zc)
Suy ra.

+ x+ytz*I--->
hay IA
S./: -ffiSI,
I+r/+z*L
+
S"I=(x*.1'*r+l)JL
Tr] dci r.a di dcn kdt IuAn
-*Ba <Ji6rn S. /, J thing hdng va
MS A'S PS
SJ ]S ! -r-J--.+:

-JI_,]I-"

Nh4n x6t
l'') l)a

MA.NB,PC'

si, r.,it'lr;rn sit dtrrrg phrlong ph;ip t,in;; hgp rld'grii

bAi tr,;in n4y. ru) khirng t.i;:1 rlrnh ly Van nulx'I. Thong thuong
c:il h,ur srJ d.ung Llinlr Murx-'laus. Ban n,ro clrur biet dinh

lr

tri

th chung rrrinh klr0ng co gi kltr khin.

l") Co nrot sO hlr,)rrg nhi(ru ban sr-l dqng phtl.lng ph6p
vL<ctrt..s,,ng tinh lo;'rlr crin{ k('rrh. khCrng ggn l5nr.
3'1 Ngoii clc h4n Nghi;r. Manh, Ihuin, cr:rc ban s;ru rliv

ly rr'1.

dQng, nghia ld

ill;,. llu,th. 1i l. 'l-. Ptran ilQi Ch;i,

NghQ An 1'frhn Huu t.yt. l2'l PTNK Dong Itor. Quring
llinlr ; .Vguyin Nge;c Hdi, trrtitng T.d Qui l)an Dn N[ng.
N(iI]YiN i),\N(; PHAI'

r _r-;
*ra

dcn
dao

,
t= 4=i\

--:-=c
y*:+1

i'------;-; a
vi SY = ?-1------;
+I + I c Z +.r + I
Lirr tudng trt nhti br6n vi:i I = BY-n CZ
ihto"g
vEr J : NY d PZ ve dd y ring d',4
d6ng phang, ta lhu dudc :

1
c7--u'-x+y*z*!

'l'hoi sian chuvdn d6ns / crirr dotrn tau

hic dung'lai biirig mqt iihdn tu chu ki

Nhin x6t. Cac em cir ldi giii d,rlng : ,Ygtrtin Thlrttt

tlttnr. l)1. clruvin Lc Khii't, Quing Ngii : Ngtryin Khdc

dn, 1 ) A, chtLicn Vi n h Phfi c ;'1'r i n Anh 7i d n,_1_l Az, P1 l' | 1

clruv6n I ri Virih , ,Jan Anh't uin,12A chul,'n Vinh Ph(rc
lt'giyn Trpng lrr.lrr. 11.\t PTTII chrrvn \'n llrii ; \guyn
C hi

Qi;nsTtr;,nl t28, P]"tII'L

h;ing

ungiHdNdi; Ilortng'Tudn

lll:, i'I'l'l i L.a'nSdir.'l'hlrnh IIr'n : /.r' I)r?t I)ung, 12Cl

Pfl-HNK, Qrring Binh : lttrtrttg L'dtt l:,tttt : ltCl. P'l"lll
Vinh

Hrrrrg Vu<)ng, 'I l' Ilb Chi Minh : fiyyin l)tit I.inh PTlll
chuy6n Th5rig l,ong, Di I-4t. [,r'rnr f]-6ng ; P-lrarrr Dinh-\nh,

chuven Hirni VLr,inu, t?CI.. l'lrd'l'hp; lti' Ihanh Hdi. )2

Tin. 'l FICIt Son '1 ,'y. ltri 'l'irt' ; N.qrrvdn 7'hdi Hd, l2Ar, P'I-IH

chuicn Yn

IIii

M.AI ANI'I

Blli L2t241.

{iho maclr, diQruxoay t:hibu RLC h,lfing phd,n

nhd.nh ruti:t hintz uE,irong d6 cdt: aon hdVt.
trd cdt gi? !l! (1,, ,{r2,
Y:,Vt_,,, Yt.ldntrdltot
cila ntiL ton ki'ld u0'cilng
U, ud {}r. Tring
lan. Tdng tro crta coc ddy nli uit din tr,i thuun

cia afii cdru L crsi l.h. nh.o hhdng dang ki.

Cho bi it Z. > Z, tzr lir dung hhang crto il.t
dien C uit.2,, Lit Ftint"khang cia eudn cdm L.
Hd.y chfing minh rang, ndt l-ll - LIz.LI, ttti

u5=Lli+tti

t:o ldi gidi tdt , Driitc

Biri Lrl24,1 . MOt tbu h.6a g\m nhihu tos. di

ln d,bi nghiAng ntot g6c * h,lti chaydn d,qng
theo quan ti.nh Kli dob.n. titu had.n tod*" ditng
lci, nt1t ru2_a clilbu. ciitt t:ia doitru titu 6 h.en,
dbi. {xenr h.i.nh,l. Thdt giun tit lic titu bd.t d'&u
di ln dbi ddtz hic ditn.g td.u l?: bao roh.i1u ?
Chi4u dd.i dod,n td,u ld L uit 1,6 qua. m,a s&t.
lltrtrng d6n girii. Cd thd giai bang phr;ong
phap giAn^d6 r,ccto hoac bang crich ap dqng
dinh luAt Orn cho mach diQn xoay chi6u. Hdu
frp"t
hei gui v6..dq" qa! bang phrronfl plap
gifrn"qq
dd v6ctc,. Drtdi d6y lqhrtdng dan gini bAng
c6ch rip dung dinh luAt Om.
llrrdng d6n giiri. Goi,11le kh6i luong todn
x 1A chi6u dni phdn dorln tdu di
i6n ddi (khiii luong phiin niLy fa
fI-1. Circ,
truc toa dd Or, ..'iti g6c p rr chnn ddi, chi6u
drrong hudng 16:r tr6n. Ap dung dinh luAt II
b0 doin rr)u,

Niuton

pslna
Mxgsintt, suy ra x" 4-L;
x = A.
lrto = -i
Df,y ln phudng lr'"rah-fuo dQng di6u hda vdi
clru

'
"r1
-ll
ki
T = 2n

Y gslnct

Td ti; = fJ2.(l* ta cd
ui + 1u, - U r)' * tlg(U7 * t[) (vi L/. >
U, rlo Z<. , Zt) ; suy ra (i.Lt, = Ui + ti- $.
Do dd, vdi chu y ddn (1),

4*ui=(ui+(4)+LU!,+
'+'(Uc

LIl.):l

: Ui.= U; (CIpcnrr.

Nhan xr!t. Cac lr:,r gili ve dfu cri ltlr giii ,tung t';inr
m6t trong hai phtt(hg phlrp d6 n*r.r. ('ri 2 em d5 grrir trjng crr
Z ptruonfpnap , Le bit't)ien,tzt. P'l-l 1{ l^am Srrn.'lhinh
ll&r;N5rri,:rr
Phu,

llrilt

l'h6i llinh.

Dinl;. 1la,

l''t"tll

Quirnh'lhr.r. Quinh
MN

I AN}I

nnf,
4+y
=,

Bai T71246 : Cho cric s6 tg nhi6n nz, n,

p th6a m6n p < m ! n. Chrlng minh r&ng
p
i
(m. * n - h I p !
I q S- cltiahdt dno (m
:

RAKIN
rr{cs

i-a

L6P THCS
cAc r,6p

BAi T1/245
' : Cho r
VE

+x, " = {5 +r,

xo,xr=1_{B%,x2=

1. xdt dav s6

{B *xn-l
'n 1-{-3Jr,,-r
Tinh rrrrr.
f

1n-a)t
vdi
a= rnax{ o,p-*
vd
P= min {p, n }

DoAN KIM SANG

(Yen B5i)

* {5rr'"''

Bei 'f8/245 : Chrlng minh rang

It<
I

:------

,L, ut u - u

< 2ln2 voi ri'

:
NGUYEN TRQNG
(He NEi)

N.

DOAN QIIANG MANH

(l{Ai I'}hdng)

NGUYEN HUY HOANG

(Hn Noi)

BAi T$/245 : Tdn t4i hay kh6ng mdt hinh

Iuc giric ABCDEF sao cho ba dudng ch6o AD,
BE,-CF
tJ&,
vi oong
d6ng quy, oong
ddng lnor
cdc otrong
thang
thdi cac
dridng mang
qong
AQ,
AD.
t7.t), bL,
BC. ,r'[
FIf ddnE
,F'E
ddng quy
ouv tat
tai cuem
difim I1 :;; cdc
c5.c dttdng
dttdnE
BC,
tAl
difjm
th&ng BE, CD, A-F
ddng quy tqi
di
A,F deing
tai didm
J ; cai
dudng th&ng CF, DE, BA ddng quy t4i didm K
sao cho ba didm I, J, K thang hdng ? Tai sao ?

Bidi T31245 : Tim cdc sd nguyOn (a, b, c,

d) th6a m6n hE

DANG KY PHoNG
(He Noi)

: Tim nghi6.m nguyEn cria

x"(y-5)-xy=x-y*1

B,di TZl245
phrrqng trinh
:

lac-\bd.=4
lad+bc=3

,)

NGUYEN BA DANG
(l

lii

Dudng)

Rdi T41245 ; AD, BE, CJ, ln ba drrdng cao

cta tam glac ABC. G, P la cac hinh chi6u cria
D l6n AB, AC ; I, K li c5c hinh chi6u ctia -E
ln AB, BC : M, N ld cric hinh chidu cria .F
l6n AC, BC. Chrlng minh 6 didm G, P, I, K,
M, N cing nam tr6n mdt dddng trbn.

Bai T10i245 : Cho trl di6n gdn ddu ABCD

(BC = DA : a ; AC = BD = b, AB = DC =
c ). GSi R, r ldn lddt la brin kinh cric mdt cdu
ngoai ti6p, nOi ti6p irl di6n dd. Gqi y la thC'
tich cia tti di6n. Chrlng minh ring :
{2 abc. r

\ <_lR

Ding thrlc xAy ra khi ndo ?

sb euaNc vrNtt
(Ngh An)

ctic oii vAr

|RAN XUAN UY
(Nam Dinh)

. Be,l 'f51245 : Cho ttl g16c ABCD, ggi S li

di6n tich cria trl giac ndy. Chrlng minf, ring :
AB2+BG+CDz+DAz>
> 2{-3s +}<ec2 - BDz)

NGUYEN MINH HA
(HA N6j)

CAC LOP THPT

Bei T6/245 Cho ddy sd {r,., } r5.c dinh

nhu sau :
ro = a, xl = b, xn * I : fu?, -k,
-.,

r,Y

B,di Lll245: MOt cdu thri ghi bin thdng

bang m6t qui phat d6n 11 m. B6ng bay sr{t
xd. ngang vio khung thnnh. X& ngang cao h
= 2,5 nt, kh6i luong quA brlng nz = 0,5 kg.
R6 qua sr?c cin cta kh6ng khi. H6i pheii truy6n
cho quA bdng m6t nang-irrong cdn thi6t bbng
bao nhi6u ? Ldy g = IA ml sz.
(oLYMPIC LiEN X() 19S5l
TO ctANG (suu tdm)

L21245: Cho mach diQn xoay chi6u nhrr

[inh_ n{r Hay.tim c6ng thrlc_li6n-h-Q g_,9".Rr,
Rr:.L,.9 ryo cho hai vOn kd V, vd V, chi cun!
mo[ gla trl
H'y. ..,o

v6irz > 1
Chfng minh rang v6i mqi cdch chon cdc
sd nguy6n o, 6 thi diy tr6n hoic khOng cti s6
hang nio chia hdt cho 1997 ho{c cci v6 sd s6
h*ng chia hdt cho 1997'
NG,,EN
8

ANFr DUNG

(l'hanh lt6a)

d.:,

PHAN TTJAN KTIANT{

(rIa N0i)

prmhlgrn5 it! this lssue

1 ; consider the sequence

rorx\= t:7g
r;
+ri
{5
rz = 1-15t""'rt,
Calculate xr,rr7.

TZl245. Find integer -solutions

of

for any choice of integers a,b, this sequence

has no term divisible by 1997 or has an infinite
numbers of terms divisible by 1997
T7 t245 , The whole numbers ft;, tu, P satisfy
the relation p < nL * z. Provre that the number

(rn+n-Pt f pr)

+r,

-,
=1-lErr-r
tl-5

xo=o rxl=b,

xntt=5*r- 3r-r-, for n > 7 Provethat'

FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCI-IOOLS

'lll245. Letro =
rJB +ro

FOH UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

TBl245. The sequence of numbers {ro } is
defined by :

the

equation

C'nU^-'

i=u
is divisible by ( m. * ru - a) ! where
a - max {0-; p * m} andp = min {P,n}
T81245 Prove that for every z C N*
llI

*'(y*5)-xY=x-Y*l

T31245. Find the integers (4,

satisfying the system of equations :

b, c,

d)

lac-%d=4

1oA+bc=3
bqtz+s.LetAD, BE ; CF be the altitudes
of a triangle ABC. Let G and P, I and K, M
ald N' be respectively the orthogonal
projections of D on A-B and AC , of E on AB
and BC, of F on AC and BC. Prove that the
six points G, P, I, K, M, N lie on a same circle
T51245. Let S be the area of o quadrilateral

ABCD,

Prove that

AB2+aC+cDz+DAz>
> z{s s
lecz - ao?)
1

";

S h%k _ t\,
.L_ -=i

<2tn2

k= |

T9l245Does there exist a hexagonA-B CDEF

satisfying simultaneously the followin g conditions ; the three diagonals AB, BE, CF are
ccrncurrent, the three lines AB, BC, EF pass
through a same point f , the three lines B-8,
CD, AF pass through a same point J, the three
lines C4 DE, BA pass through a same point
K so that I, J, K are collinear ? Why is it ?
TlOl245 Let be given a equifaced
tetrahedron ABCD (BC = DA: a ; AC : BD

:b,AB=DC:cl.

Let R ond r be respectively the radii of its

circumscribed sphere and its scribed sphere
and let V be the volume of the tetrahedron.

{2 abu
ProvethatV<
4 E

When does equality occur

eaI toAN WARING (Tidp theo trang, 10)

TTolg tlrdng.hop.tdng.qurit Waring d5 drra
ra sif, thuvdt moi sd tu nhi6n zddu ld t6ns cta
2 4 q - Z"luv thta bac h c'i,a ciia c6c s6 nTri6n,
tronri dri o Ia sd trr'nhiGn l6n nhdt nh6 hori
hav Sans ll tZlk. Do sd n = 2ko * I cdn d6n
drins ttfrs dv sd lfiv thila bAc k^ Ad Uidu aion
non"si6 th.uvet
nav"cci thd nhet bi6'u nhu sau
: g(k) = 2u "+ q - 2. tlgq k' = 2,3, 4, 5 thi q
= 2, 3, 5, 7 vd do dri 2n' * q - I - 4, 9, 19,
37. Nhu ta dd thdy d tr6n thi gie thuydt dd
duoc chfns minh cho h = 2. 3. Ddi vdi k =
4, 5 ngudi"ta m6i chi chfng ininh duoc rang.

g(4) <

35,

s(il > 5a'

Neu ai trons chfns ta cci thd ldm siAm c6c

vi 54 ch?n trcfi e(4) vn g(5) (du ctri U

nrot don vi) thi dci cun[ li mot"budc tidn I6n
vi c5.c chen tr6n nirv dX tdn tai kha IAu mdLc
sfc nroi c'uoc tdn corie. Ddi vdi h >- 6 thi ngrrbi
ta di chi ia duoc riag lh giA thuy61 tr6i s6
dring- ntiu bdt,dang thrYc sa[ d-ung-,

s6 35

(312).-q<1-(q12").

Hin nay bdt d6ng thrlc ndy da drroc chring

minh drins-cho fr < 200000. Nhtt vAv siA thuvet
tr6n dfnf vdi ft tt 6 cho ddn 20060b . Ngirai
ta cring Ehrra tim thdy mQt s(i k nio kh6ng
th6a m6n bdt dins thric tr6n.
Bdt ding thrlc t-r6n tuy don giin nhung lai
lDr mot thech thfc ldn ddi v6i nhirng nsudi ldm
to6n. Nam 195? nhn torin hqc Drlc-Mahler da
chrlng minh drroc ring chi bc; tnA cci m6t sd
htu han oic sd nguydn duong ft kh6ng th6a
mnn bdt dang thfc tr6n. Di6u niy ldm chring
ta li6n tddng al6h qu6 trinh giAi quydt giA thuydt
Fermat ndi ring phuong trinh.

* +! =*

kh6nE cci nshiOm nzuvOn dttong ndu k > 2.

TrrrdE khi da ihuvoT Fermat dtr-oc sidi quvot
hodn toin "narn 1994 bdi nhd t<iarr- hoc'Anh
Witei ttri nha toan hqc Dfc Faltings da chfng
minh rans phrrdns trinh tr6n chi cci th6' ccf
m6t s6 hrt"u lan cic nshiOm nguv6n. Kdt quA
ndv di dem lii vinh qilang chd Faltings dtioc
nhhn gidi thrrdng Fields dudc coi nhrr gi{i Nobel
cho cdc nhi tod,n hoc.

NGO VIBT TRUNC

(Ha Noi)

Nhi6u ngudi trong chfng ta da bidt ddn

Dinh ly Lagrange n<fi ring mgi s6 tu nhin
d6u li tdng cia 4 sd binh phrrong. Cci thd xeur
chllng minh dinh l}i ndy trong bii brio "Dfnh
$ Euler-Lagrange v6 tdngcriab6n binh phuong
"ctra Trdn XuAn Ddi, Tqp chi Toin hoc tudi ti
s6 211997, hay trong cu6n s6ch "To6n hoc vi.
nhtrng suy lufln cd ly" cria Polya do Nhi xudt
bAn gi6o duc in narn 1995.
Cung giSng nhrr nhi6u k6.t qui sd cd didn
khric, Dinh ly Lagrange ct-rng cri m6t ngudn
gdc lAu ddi. Bachet (nggdi di vidt cudn sSch
ddu ti6n vd gi6i

tri to6n hoc) khi bi6n tdp cudn

s6ch "Sd hgg" cria nha todn hgc cd d+i

Diophantus d6 ph6t hiQn ra ring cu6n srich
niry cci d6 cdp ddn bdi todn cdn bao nhiOra sd
hinh phuong dd bidu di6n mdt s6 tu nhin.
Ong ta de thi, bidu di6n c6c sd nh6 hon 325
vi qua d<i da khing dlnh rdng cdc sd trr nhi6n
d6u ld tdng cta nhi6u nhdt 4 s6 binh phrrong
(kh6ng cd chrlng minh). Nhtr Polya binh ludn
thi Bachet da gap may vi di6u kh&ng dlnh nny
dring. Lich srl tod.n hgc da cho thdy rdt nhi6u
c6c quy luit s5 hqc ndi tidng chi dung cho c6c
sd trr nhiOn nh6 nhung lai kh6ng lai khdng
dring cho cd:c s6 tU nhi6n thAt ldn.
Ngrrdi ddu ti6n chrlngminh drroc di6r.r khing
dinh tr6n cria Rachet li nhi to6n hoc vi dai
Fermat. Trong m6t hrlc thrr grli cho Pascal
nam 1638 Fermat d5 m6 ti m6t crlch chrlng
rninh cho dinh ly tr6n. Sau dc5 gdn 150 nam,

nhi torin

hoc Phrip Luigrange da srl dung mdt

s6 kdt quir cria Euler dd dua ra rn6t chring
minh cgc kj' s6ng sria nhu chring ta de biSt
qua bii b6o trong t4p chi Todn hoc tudi tri sd
211997.

Dlnh ly Lagrange da ddn ddn viQc x6t bdi

to6n tdng qu6t lir cd.n ddn bao nhiu luy thita
bQc k cho tru6c dd bidu didn nt1t sd tU nhiAn.
Bdi torin niy drroc d6 cqp ddn ldn ddu ti6n
bdi Waring. mdt nhi to6n hoc Anh cing thdi
vdi Lagrange. Ong niry cho ring mgi s6 tg
nhi6n d6u crj bidu di6n thinh tdng cria rnOt
s6 htlu hqrn cho tnt6c cdc luy thta bAc fr cria
cric sd t{ nhi6n (lty thta bQc 2 la cric s6 binh
phrrorlg vDr luy thta b{c 3 li cdc sd ldp phriong).
Lai theo crich n<ji cria Polya thi Waring da g4p
may vi di6u ndy sau dd d5 drroc nha toan hoc
Drlc Hilbert, ngudi duoc coi ld cha dd"cfia n6n
to6n hec hiQn dai, chrlng minh. Tuy nhi6n vdn
10

dd ld phAi xric dinh s6 g (h) nh6 nhdt sao cho

mqi sd tU nhi6n d6u crj thd bidu di6n thirrh

tdng cria g (H lny thrla bac k oia c6c sfi trr
nhi6n. Vi dr] nhu ta c6 g (21 = 4 theo Dinh
ly Lagrange.
Trudc ti6n ta hdy xdt tnrdng hop & : 3
Ba sd lQp phttong ban dfiu la 1, 8, 27. Ta co
thd thdy ngay rang 7, s6 cudi cung trrrdc 8,
chi c<i thd lit tOng cira c6c sd 1. Tuong ttt nhu
vay.

15=8*t+1+1+1+1+1+1
23=8+8+1+1+1+1+1+1+1
cdn d6n I sd lAp plrtrong. Ta ccj thd drr do6n
li 31 : 3 8 + 7 cdn den 10 s6 lfp phttong.
cdn ddn 8 sd lrrqng, vd

Tu5, n6i6rr, 31

m6i. Do dri

i6n han2T la rnQt s6lAp phrrong

3i=27+l+1+1+1

chi cdn ddn 5 s6 lAp phr-rong. Ndu ta chiu kh<j

tht tiSp thi ta sd thdy s6 ddu tin sau 23 cdn
d6n I sd l6p phuong Ia 239. Tt 240 den 12000
khdng cdn s6 nAo cdn dFn 9 sd l6.p phuong
nta. DGn d8y ta cd th6' du dorin r[ng rnoi s6
trJ nhin d6u Ih tdng cria nhi6u nhdt 9 sd lap
phuong, cd nghia la g (3) = 9. D{ dorin nay
drroc chrlng minh ndm 1909 bdi nhi to6n hoc:
Dtlc Wieferich. Tnrdc dri, mOt nha todn hoc
Diic khric ld Landau dd chting minh duoc rang
b6t ddu tr) mOt S6'nrlo dd md di thi rnoi s6 trt
nhi6n ddu IA l6ng ctia 8 sd l{p phuong
Cdn phAi chri j 1;rr* ld ndu ta cho ph6p su
dgng cdc sd nguyen Sm thi moi s6 nguy6n ddu
la tdng cua 5 sd iAp phuong ThAt vA.y. nroi
sd nguyn ru cld cri the vi6t drr<li dang
n = n3 + (t - t)3 + 1* - t)3 + (-lr)'t + (le + i)3
v6i /t : 7n - n3t.,$.
Bay giir ta sd x6t tnrdng hgp ft : 4. C6
th6' tht dd thdy ring msi sd t{ nhi6n cd 16
d6u ld tdng cria 19 sd tft phrrong (hiy thrla
b4c bdn). Sd tg nhi6n ddu ti6n cdn ddn dring
19 sd ttl phrrong la 79 : 4 .16 + 15 . 1. Nhi6u
nhd todn hqc d5 dd md hOi dd chttng rninh
di6u tr6n rni kh6ng duoc. Nem 1925 hai nhh
todn hoc Anh Hardy vi Littlewood da chrlng
minh ring cd mdt sd tu nhi6n N sao cho moi
's6 ttt nhi6n l6n hon N ddu li tdng cria 19 sd
trl phrrong. Vdn dd con lai ln phdi thtl xem
c6c s6 tg nhi6n nh6 hon N cd thd bidu di6n
bdi 19 s6 trl phrrong kh6ng. Nhrrng sd N niy
l4i Idn ddn mric ld uic ur6y tinh hign nay kh6ng
drl srlc dd giii quy6t bii to6n cu thd ndy.
(Xem tidp trang 9)

Ki THr ruvrN srNH DAI Hec qu6c GrA Tp. nb

Hec resi - lees (DOT 1)

NArvt

csi

MrNH

Khdi : A
ThGi gian lam bai : 180 phrit
C6u1:
1. Khdo srit sg bien thi6n

cta him

vi

vO

dd thi (C)

sd

x2+x+z

x -l
2. Tim tdt eh cric c4p didm M,, Mr d tu6n

/(0,;)

(C) ve ddi xrlng nhau qua dienr

Cntu

2 : Cho phrrong trinh

4cos5r . sinr - 4sin5r . costr = sin24x + m. (1)

1. Bidt ring x = z Id mQt nghiQm cta (1).

Hay giai phuong trinh (1) trong tnrdng hgp

oo.

2. Cho bidt

trinh drrdng th&ng di

1. Vidt phrrong

r : #

,U rn6t nghiOm

cta (1).

Hay tim tdt cd cdc nghi6m cia phtrong trinh

(i) thda mdn :

xa-3x2+z<0.
CAu 3 : Cho h6 phrrong trinh

lx*y=nt
l^(2\
= ttllv +2\.
[(r*1)r'*.tt
(2)

qua

didmM,

(-r, i)

vn vuonS g<ic v6i tidptuydn

crla (P) tli Mr.2. Tim tdt ch. c6c didrn M d

fi6n (P) sao cho AM vulttg g6c vdi tidp tuydn
g&a (P) tai M.
Cnu 5.B : Cho hinh ch<ip ABCD cri driy

ABCD la hinh vuOngcqnha, c4nh SA t (ABCD)

vA cti dQ dai SA = o. MOt m{t phing di qua
CD c6t cric c4nh SA, SA ldn luot d M, N. Dilt

AM=x.
1. Tr1 gi6c MNCD ld hinh gi ? Tinh di6n
tich trl g16c MNCD theo 4., r.
2. Xde dinh gi6 rr! cria r dd thd tich crla
hinh chdp SMNCD tang

ldn thd tich hinh

chcip SABCD.

Ch6 i : D6 thi ddLnh cho khdi B chi thay

ddi cdu 4 6 dO tr6n bdi cAu sau dAy :
Tinh cric tich phdn : '

l*2

khi m = 4.
2. Tirn tdt ci uic giri tri cria thanr

j;a.

111: I

1. Giai he

s6 m dd

hC (2) cci nhi6u hon hai nghim.

Il2 d
Cdu- 4: 1. Tinh I : J *A'--rt*.

rt

2)J:
'

lt

s!nta

^
l+'
cosu+l-dx.
0

ox'..L

2.

Ddt

I(t\

: I #d.x,

(,0

. , . ;)

Tinh I(t) vA chrlng minh bdt d&ng thrlc

, + 7t.ts(t
tr,
v6i

A.t<!.

e'1(tg3t*:'s),

CAu 5 : Thi sinh chon mQt trong hai cdu

5.A hoTc Cdu 58 sau dAy
r

,r5 27.
A(s'

s )'

Ciul:
1) KhAo s:it vd v dd

Cf,u 5.A: Choparabol (P) :y

DAP AI\i

llr,aAiOrn

thi

(Cl

,z+x+z= x -r 2- * 4 "y = -----'-------:-x,-L

x,-I
Mi6n
xac
dinh
R
i
{1}
- Ti6nr cQn : drlng x = l,xi6ny :
- Dao hdm
xz-k-3'
4

*2

",t -

(x

-1f -

BAng bi6h thi6n

vi

{* -r)z

dd thi

1t

Z didm
(c)
xrlng v6i
ddi
tr6n
6
M{9,7) , Mz?3 , -Z)
nhau qua f.
Ceu 2 : Bi6n cldi vdtrai crla phrrong ftinh (1) '
4cos5r . sirrr - 4sinsr . cos'tr =
= 4cosrsinx. (cost * sinar)'
Chi cti

IGt tuAil :

*o

-1
-oo'

/\

,r/

-oa

= 4cosr.sinr.(cosk - sin2r) x
x (coszx + sinzr) = sin4r
1

qsin2acos?*x=t

Khi dd phuong trinh e*

sin4r= sirf4lx+m(7')

= z Ih mOt nghiQm cria (1') ern

Gidi phtrong trinh vdi m = 0

1)

'.

- sin4r'=

sir?4x

e=+sin4r=0haysin4r=1

(+ x=hpl4hayx=t*^t
.

(m, ft nguyn)

x = -nlSlit m6t nghiOm cta (1')

*nz - -2
2)

Giai phriong trinh v6i m

si*4x *sin4r -2=O

-sin4r=-1
--__I

2)

Coi

Ta cri

Mr(x1,ty), M7(x2,y) e

(C)

<+1

,1
1
*xr+ 4 + 4 (\11 r .=--T)
x2=-:,
xr*xr-2
= r, * x, * 4 + +6;_ry*q
xr

[x.tx^=Zx.=0
I
L
J'
lrr*r, = s/r = 5

h.r.r[U
l-tlU. r < -1

;
+ kwlZ < -r

:-r{2<r<-1

-rt, -[

z,lTt21
*--+a.n.=++
-

0,65

0,38

(kh6ng cd s6 nguy6n ft niro th6a

trx <{Zc}l < $+tutz<{Z}

e0+4+4.,
9,2 1)
' ''(rr - 1)(-*,
=

L2

<xD2<Zolnoy

Khi dd M t, Mz d6i xrlng qua ,[ c=a

o _8 = leJt = tB
xi- L
Il=3*Yr=7
frt=-3=xr*lt=-Z=ltz

= 2 (losi)

xa-gx?+2<o
Taccixa-3*2+2<o

lz=x2+z+#
Itilz:

ex=]+utlz
u

Chqn nghiQm th6a di6u kiQn

lt=xr*2*13

hay sil4x

= -2

$<=+

***i.u.'++f,*n=t
1,15

0,88

V4y ehi cri mOt nghiQm th6a

L-

xt
g
-4-

tt
2-

*t
8

CtuS:
1)Gieihekhim=4:

tg(t +

lx+y=4
{^
l(x+L)y"*xy:4(J+2)
Thdr - { - y vio phudng trinh cu6i
(5-y)yT+(4-y)y=4$/+2
oy3 - 4y2 + 8 = 0 *y - Zhay
!:"!-t{5.
Viy hQ cd 3 nghiQm
(x,y)=(2,2); (3 +r/5,1-{O
(3 - {5,1 + rI5)

. ts4x
I(t) = J;-. .,
r - tg-x

tgt

-u4

e+

| -u-

=-

\t) -|rr', * tst + b"UrU * ill

I(t) > O
Ir.1"

In(rg(, +

7)) > 5tg5t + tgt

nf,of'*oo,

Cau + (Dnnh cho kh6i B)

olml ,lZfn

1r
rJ

1)rinht:[*{.
0

Ciu 4 (Danh cho khdi A)

Ta cd

rn -4
1)Tinht=[i-a*
-ox"-l
14-1
Tacrj,-!-=x2+1+-:j-xz-l

= l+."**,"1

1111

x'1
,+1 =t-i-;TT.x2
I;lT-r+lnlr+11]:

xz-l

#n':

= 24+ z*rl"E
13
VAyI
2) Tinh

+ ts(t + f,t

2*(- 27 + 2n) < O

=+-1+rn2
1,,z
V4yI = -;+r
,t
n

^-

v4y

=, *

= -rrtg't - tst -5"1ffi1

ndn

4nf

t+. u+f,i,,l]#l',:

tg: >okhio<x.t.4
v\ cos:Zx

hai nghiQm phdn bi6t y,,y,

<o
lfs).fo)
m+0

suyra r

I(t) = J--ju

Di6u kiQn bdLi to6n <+phrrong trinh f(y) =

0 phAi c<5 3 nghiQrn phdn biQt.

'

= t8x,tac6:l: = 9:: ::,

lx=t+u=tqt
Suy ra

f(y)=y3-tnf+2m*0.

2m

cos2r

D$tu

f(o)f( 3 )
m*0

dx,

r,*y-7n
(x+l)y2*xy=m(y+2)
Thd r = rm - y viro phuong trinh cudi
(rn. + | - y)yz + (m - y)y : m.(jr + 2)

c<i

Q < t <Lp.

t-

0
[f @ =

*v&),
"z<e'

Ta viSt

2) Tim m dd hQ cd hon hai nghiQrn

i>,

{"T.a,
2)rinht=T
" cosr -f r

rln}

Ta viSt

I(t) = t

".-*r**vi
o

chrlng minh

3sinr - 4sin3r
dx =
J = ''lton!2---costr +- r
0

13

="/f"

g+tu.:

V{y chi cd 3 di6'm tr6n (P) th6a diu

- 4.o'z*)(-;inx)*
cosr+I

cosr,

= + + u,=
1.
(

'"

ABll CD+MNll ABll

du

)-

tlnlz

= *2 + 3lnz

ciu

Cnu 5A
1) Ta cd : M, e (P), hQ s6 g<ic crla ti6p
tuydn cl8'a (P) tqi Mrld :

!'=xl=-l
do dd he sd gdc cta drrdng thhng (d)
vu6ng g<ic v6i tidp tuydn crta @) t4i M, ld :
vDr

-1
V{y phrrong trinh crla (dt

,a-x*a,
=7a"**".( \Z o
vav

/i'\
lt

/4-\lu-n \

Iil

It;F-)

sptttcn =

it* -q,@T?
r

2) Xde dlnh

vuNco

dd

= gvsenco

vscDM=

13
l-2:1.(r+1)haYY=*ti
xf,.

e {n

(*o,i)

thing (A) di qua A

vd.

sao cho drrdng

Ms ddng thdi vu6ng

v6i tidp tuy6n (A') crla (P) tqr Mo.

Ndu ro = 0 thi (A) = Oy kh.ng ai qua I.
Vdy to ;e 0
H s6 gcic crla (A') le !'o = xo.Do (A) r
(A') n6n hQ s6 gcic crla (A) ld. -Llx,
Phuong trinh cria (A) :

x2o -1
l-,1 o*o=;-(r-rg)

d2(a

vsuxcn = gvseocuo

1
2a3
ofu(o.-x)(?a-x)
= ?

erz*kt+ffir=o
o lx = 2a.13
7al3 (loqi)
=

.*x=T2a

"
27 *0-io\s
, -1 ,15 *0)\
g
o4u;i, - 19ro - 15 = 0
-a

,,u,

+ l)$xfi - 4xo - 15) = 6

xo = 01 hay i = 512 hay roo = - 3/2

'l'hang diCm
Cdu

-x\

"a(a )vscoe='Ax\2 a(a -l xl

*ro -x)(tut, -x)

L,

vi (^) di qua (g" , f,;

l-

\ a )
.a -x,,

-rrI
-YSMNCD_6,__-6--_

g<ic

L4

MN,CD MD

_a(a-x)z
rr
,a-X1zr,'SABC'SMNC-

-=1
It

<=+(ro

Saaru.n

CD

YSy MNCD le hinh

thang vuOng tqi M, D.
MN +CD
SuNco= MD, lz

]o

COu 5 : (Phdn tg chgn cria thi sinh d

5A hopc cnu 5B D)

2) Gia srl Mo

*' esn' sB)

CDt6AD)+MNt$AD)

+
I

+ 1l

'

2+)'

Chu 58 :
1) Trt gi6c MNCD htnh gi ? Tinh

ia7a" = rf - lr;lt
d

,1 + ln2
=n\-z
v4y

M(-r, t't\), M2(5p

lx=o+u=l

Suyra:
1.4u2-1

kiQn

cria bdi torin lEr :

2 didm

Ciu

2
CAU 3

2rdid110

Cau 4(A)
Ceu 4(B)
Cau 5(A)
Cdu 5(B)

2 didm
2 didm
2 didm
2 didm
2 didm

DANH

cHo cAc BAN DANG cHUAN B! THr vAo DAr Hgc

friittrofiff rliillfl trffofrt (t {,tilFt

BfiHfi pHffirilU pllfip pHurmG

rniru uurinu uir mfir

VI.' DINH HOANG
(HA NOD

I. MQt sd ki6n thuc co bin

+ 1)(Aro + Byo * Cz, + D) =

h(A\ + Byz +'Czr+D) *(kr a Btt + Cz, + D)
h"y f(IuI) = ftf(M) +
f(Ir)./(N) = tlv(N)lz < o
(&

1. LiAn quan giha cfup uecto chi phuong ua

phd.p uecto cu,a mQt phang (o)
GiA srl a, = (x1 , ! 1, z1) a, = (x2, !2, z2)

vai = (A, B, C) lA
,",,::l
ph6p vecto cua (a). Thd thi : A =
DAo lai ndu hai didm M, N th6a man (2)
l;
thi ta d6 dnng suy ra M, N d kh6c phia ddi
lz. x,l
lx. v.l
v6i (a).
.,

ld cdp vecto chi phrrong

- l_"1
'
lzz xzl
l!++l+t+

c = l '"'l
lxz tzl

trl

II. C6c biri to6n

y li'a1, a, ud'n, * O)
2. Dibu hiQru dd hai didm hhd,c phia d6i

Biri todn I
ldn 1)

(chfr

udi m,Ot ntdt phdng (o.)

' Dinh li : Cho (a) c6 phuang trinh

Ax+By+Cz*D=0
* 0) cil,n ud. d,t1 d.d hai
didrn M(i, tr ?) uit. N(xr, !2, 22) d khd.c phia
d6i udi mdt phd.ng (a) td f(Irtl1 .11t9 < O (2).
(Trong d6 : f(Irfi = Ax, + Bh + Cz, + D).
Chirng'minh : GiA str (o) eAt doan MN
(Az + 82 + C2
,

tai .I(ro , lo , zs)

++

*IM=hIN(&<0),
,I = (r1 =x0,!1=Jg,zr=zg)
IN = (xz=x,st:,z-ln,zr-efl. Viv
[r,-ro=h(xr-xs)

lrr-"0=h(zr-zo)
'

[(P

l{n -

.=.f fa

= kn2 -- xt1,/L_.
l)yo = hyz --11
t)zn = hiz -- r;
1)ro

,,J
\\.

r/14

I.Ihan ca hai vd ctia c6c

c,
d&ng thrlc tr6n vdi
A, B, C ta drloc

lefn-l)xu=Anx,c, - Ax, (a)

)r<u-t)yu=Bhy,Y2 - BY, (b)
lrru-r)zo-ckz,z, - Cz1 @)

Cqng vd vdi vd

vlo

cA hai vd

1), ta drtoc

cl0ia (a,
o.),

(b), (cr

vi

dich

tod.n

3) Tinh. d.i|n tich tam gid.c MNI theo a uit.

M dd di4n tich d6 nh6 nhd.t.
4) Clfing ntinh rd,ng trgng td.m G cila tam
gian MNI thuQc mQt dudng c6 dinh.
Giii : Chon hQ toa d0 nhu hinh ben (H.2)
4(0,0,0) B(1,0,0) D(0,1,0) A'(0,0,1)
1) Ta dO ddng suy
xdc dinh

c(0,0,0) B'(1,0,1)
c'(1,1,1) D'(o,L,L\ M
D(0,0,1 - a) I(L
a,\,1) N(1, o,0). Dd
chrlng minh ta) tU
song song ta chi cdn
chrlng minh phdp veglo cria (a) lir xric dinh.
vd
viy MN : (l,a,a - l)
gat

LII = (l-a,\,a) l]

,,aa-1,

"=(l r

cta dingI thrlc

t
thu dttoc vdi D(h

uO

th,eo a.

hay

il'=

vectd z,
(dpcm)'

cpp vecto chi phrrong cria

Ii
la-1

(a) thi ph6p vecto

cQng th6m

thi

Cho hinh lQp phuong ABCD.A'B'C'D' cq.nh

bd.ng L. M, N, I di dQrtg trdn AA', BC, C'D'
sao cho : A'M = BN = C'I = a (0 < o < /).
1) (o) td. mfut phd.ng qua M, N, I. Chilng
minh rd.ng (a) luOn tU song song.
2) Tinh. d(A, a) (khod.ng cd.eh tit A dan (aD

ra

lr,-to=hgz-to)

(dUta theo dE

qudc td

,l'l a ,-ol'

(o2

1 ol.
-" rl)

-o. + 1X1,-1,1). Ta ccj thd chon

cria (a)

= (1,-1,1) lA ph6p veeto

15

lfp phrrong trinh (a) bidt phSp

(1,-1,1)
vi qua didm M(0,0,1 - a)
vectd rult =
Id (r -0) - (/ -0) + tz - (L -o)1 = 0
2) TrrrOc hdt

ex-!*z*a-1=0

vay

d(A,a)

l" -

1l

gP;1qz+P

l-a
t/g

3) Ta cd
+

1-

StaBC =
I

MN

|,leaze'c' - (,s .aO'

vay Sa,y,ry :

1) Theo ddu bni ta cdn tim

1-

(3)
2,luNMI2 - evfN .trDz
'MN2
: t2 + a2 + (a - t) : 2(a2 - o + 1) (4)
MP = 2@2 - a + l) (5) vn
MN.MI: a2 - o + 1..(6). Thay(4),(5),

(6) vno (3) ta duoc :

.lll
sd,uNr

Mfr = r[(, -

tac

bL

= o, llZft.lIB = o
---r
+
a
Ta cci MN = (1,1,-l), AD' = (0,a,0)
;
+++
MN .DB = O DB = (a,-a,0)
Nhrrvay ffN .fr' =
l{"+o +o) = ovi
+A

4) Gqi G(xj,z) ld trgng tdm ctra tam gi6c

MrVl thd thi

a*l
2-a
*: 2-a
,Y:
,Z:
B
B Z
+
2-o
DG = g ,1,-1,1).
M{t kh5c DE' : (1, -1, 1) * G e DB' 6

dlnh.
AB CD.A' B' C' D'

can

h.

phuong

a. Ld1 M thu|c doqn AD',

N thulc doan BD udi AM = DN = x.

(0<r.r,[2)..
I Chnng m.inh rd.ng ' x = at[213 tli d,oan

MN . DB =B

cia AD'

3) Chung minh rd.ng hhi x thay ddi thi

MN lu\n sorug sotlg udi ntgt phd.ng (A'BCD').
Gi6i : Chon hQ toa d6 nhrr hinh vo (H.3)
A(0,0,0) B(a,0,0) C(a,a,0) D(0,a,0) A'
D(0,0,a) B'(a,0,a)

C'(a,a,a) D'(O,a,a)

16

* M (O ,f, ,fr)

= (1 , 1 , -1)(o', -2,0) =

CL

=i("-a)=0=+dpcm.
*b)A'C = (a,a,-a) = 4l,l,a).Rdring
A'C cQng tuydn v6i veeto MN + dpcm.
3) Dd chfrg minh MN ll (A'BCD') chi cdn
chrlng minh MiV lh vecto.chi phuong cria mrit
ph&ng (A'BCD') vit. M G (A'BCD'). Mu6n vdy
b tg phap vecto c'is.a (A'BCD'), ta co
'.

AB' = (a,O,a)
.--+
A
*L).(a,0,
MN .AB' =
i(1 ,7,

MN ngan nhdt.
2) Khi doqn MN ngd.n nhd.t hay ching
min.h :
a) MN lit. doan uuOng g6c chung
ud. DB.
b) MN II A'C.

a,lZ

dri, = -,

fr'

M lil trung didm AA'.

Blri to6n 2. Cho hinh l.p

+dnc*r

a) MN ld do4n vu6ng g<ic chung cliua AD'

MN L AD' vd MN t DB

: lr' - a * t = e -*12 +|]2*i,

1

*l' *#l

2) MN ng6n nhdt hic

R6 rirng

+a : ,,

minlMNl . Ta c<i :

vd DB khi
tuIA .

=s= V@' -o+1)'

S.,,i.,

{r

, X

= (17,o -x{2,8)

E(o

'
-d) = t),*ffN

@) =

ld vecto chi phuong

cia(A'BCD) (7). DdchrlngminhM e A'BCD')

ta thdy dc dnng ld M e AD md AD' chi chung
v6i (A'BCD) didm D'(8). Tt (7) vn (8) + MN

ll

(A'BCD').

Bii torin 3. Ctrc hinh lang tru drtng

ABCAF!, @dy la tam. gior dbu) csnh dd.y
bdng a, dudng cao bd,ng h. M e AB Dt aia
mQt ABB.A,, san cho AM : MBt = 5 : 4 (a)
ta mqt phd.ng qua M uit, song song udi ArC
ud. BC r.

1) Tinh hhod.ng cach uit goc gita AC, BC t.

2) Xd.c dinh thidt diQn do (a) cdt l.ang tru
3) (at Chia CC, theo ti s6 ndo.
Gi6i : Chon h6 toa dQ nhtt (H.4), truc tung
chrla tia AC, g6cA(0,0,0) C(0, a, 0) A1(0,0, h)

C D1(0, a, h) suy ra ,

(+

c6ch girra

AC vit
Ie

mit phing

chrla BC,

vd.

song vt.li

AC. goi

song

mat phzrng dci id

,l

Vl). Ta lap
phrrong trinh *
(,8),
mdt

16 rdng BC,

Aprld.
cap vecto chi

(Pl
phuong
cria
a
D7 r a'[5,r,h)
DLt:
=
\-- 2

h -a.,[5

phuong trinh ld

-ar[B

,l-l,lT'"1)u

2h(x - 0) + 0(/ - 0) + ar[51, - h) : O

hay :2hx * o,[5" - a]tt[i = O.
Nhu vdy ta drroc d(AC , BC) = d.(A, beta) =

:----l-rzh{51
_-:
4h' + 3az
,,1

-- ah,[5
-=::
I 4lt- *

So.t

Dd tinh gcic giua hai diiong thing AC, BCt,

tru6c hdt ta tinh gcic giira hai vecto A? va B?,
+++

Ta cci : AC, , BC,

AC. BC,coslaC , ACr)

leZ = (o,o,o;

= (-+ ,z,o)*
l;a,
['
Aa Eb, : {, o" : o

ori 3 0.
BC,- (- 2-'2.0)+
1
BCt : ,lal7"- , -o , -2h7 vir
iA, : (O , -a , h) suy ra ph6p vectd
--->
no = atlS(,'l\h,h,a). Khi dci phrrong trinh

7:

dgh , h , a) lim phrip vecto

Mcd

qua

,[5n* + hy + az

np: (l 2"1,1
"o0'
+ , . -rr{5,
a
=
"p= \-olt,0, ;)
rtZn,0,arl5).
Tt
dci
phuong
(f)
trinh
cci phdp vecto
*
n, = (2h, 0 , o{5'; vi. qua didm A,(0 , O , h) c6
'

igt;U, o.
a
V{V{cos(AC,BC''tt - 2,ffJ-f.

va

suy ra ph5.p vecto cria (B) ld

a

cos(AC,BC) =

met (a) nhan

| = ;tnVB , -a, -2h1 vd

efr, = (0. rz , 0)

Be

+-1,

: ,f; +hz

dd suy ra
++a

Ndu ta xric dinh drroc giao didm ctia (a)

vdi CC, thi ta d6 ddng vc dudc thidt di6n tao
bdi (a) vd 15ng tru cho n6n ta chi cdn ldm
cAu 3).
3) Gie sr} (a) c*t CCl tai 1. Tnrdc hdt cdn
xtit xem (a) chia trong hay chia ngoii doan
CC,. Mufin vd;, cdn ldp phuong trinh (a). Cep
veeto chi phuong cria nret (a) li

khoAng c6ch gi{ta

AC vd

BC

Tt

,Z,o)

',(+,2,o)
1) KhoAng
BC, chinh

a2
-* +:_+h2=a2+h2=
Baz: 3oz
44

* D = 0. (9) Mudn

dang

tim D
ta cdn x6c dinh toa d6 didm M.
Theo giA thidt ta c6 : AM : MB, = b : 4
+ AM : AB, = 5 : 9 = AM : (blg)Ai), +
,Sar/E 5a sh
,- (_1!thar tsa d6 didrn M vio
,
18 , 9 )
(9) ta drroc D : - (5/3) uh + phaang trinh
mat (a) la : SVBhr + \hy + Baz - bah = 0. (10)
Bay gid ta kien tra (a) chia trong hay chia
(10) ng61i doan CCr. Mu6n v6.y ta x6t xem C,
C, d cung phia hay khric phia mat (a). ThAt
vay
f@) : \ah - Sah = -2ah < 0.
:
f(cD ah > 0 = f(x).f(cr) = -2a2h2 < O
<=+/ ld didm chia trong doan CCI Dd tim I,
ta cdn vidt phuong trinh tham sd cria dudng
.

Ba"S CC 1, c5 vecto chi phuong

CCt = (0,0,12) vd qua didm C(0 , o, 0) Ii

fr:o
lt:o

lz=ht

(11)

Thay (11) vdo (10) ta s tim dtioc tham

s6 , cria giao didm, dd la t = 213 + z :
213 h. Vdy giao didm 1 cta (a) vd CC, la

r(o,a, 2h.
r)
.)/

Dd cring cd phuong ph6p phuong

trinh dtrdng vi m6t, chring ta c<i thd ldm th6m :

Bhi todn 4. Cho hinh uuing ABCD canh
a. Cd.c ntha dxdng thd.ng Bm, Dn uuOng g6c
udi (ABCD) ud. d ub citng mQt phia udi mat
phdng d.y.Ldy M e Bm, N e Dn. Dqt BM :

x,DN:y.

1) Tinh thd tich tu di1n ACMN theo a,

xr!

2) Tim he thtc gitax, y d.d (ACM) t (ACN).

3) x, y th6a md.n (2). HK lir dudng uuOng
g6c chung crta AC uit MN (H e AC). Chtng
minh H cd dinh uit HK khOng ddi.

Gi6i : Dd kh6i I5n trong bdi to6n ta dat

BM : b, DI{ = c. Chon hO toa d0 nhrr (H.5)

Gidi drip bdi

THU TRI THONG MINH
Ta drinh s6 cdc cOt tir tnii qua phii, c.ic h'ing
tri tr6n xu6ng du<ii. NhAn x6t thdy s6 h.rqng cric
quA trong cQt 4 ra trong hitng 2 li nhu nhau vA
chu sci b6n drxii cira @t 4 ra chu s6 d b6n phii
cria hAng 2 Ii. nhu nhau. Cung q.y, .6 lugng cric
qui trong c6t 3 rd trong hirng 3 ld nhu nhau r.ra
chu s<i b6n ducii cria c6t 3 va chu s<i ban phAi cta
hAng 3 li nhu nhau. Tir d<i suy ra t6ng c:ic chu
# ban phdi cira c6c hing Ii bing tAng cAc chtr s6
b6n dudi cta c5.c cQt. Tric ta c6 :28 +30 +20 +
16 = ? +19 +20 +30
Tndd cd ? = 25
C6 rd.t nhidu b4n da Cff ddp rin d6n. Tdt cd
cdc ddp:in ddu dring Cdc ban sau day da cd, ddp
in tbt vi ngSn nhdt
:

o o

tnD
8(0,0,0), A(a,O,0), D(.a,a,O)
C(0,o,0) M(O,O,b) N(a,a,c)
1
l) VACMN: id1ut,
ANC) . S-r. * Saen,.
1._

='@+lJ(/=

AN:a2+c2
AC: (-a,a,O)= AC = 2a2'l_
Sarry,. =
;rla4 +2a2c2

(0,o,cJ=

Phuong trinh mat (ANC) ld

cx*cy-az-ac:0
Yey cl(M, ANC) :
vzcuN

a(b

+ cllt[T+T? =

2) Goi tu., ft2ld phap vectd cria (ANCI O

ry ryC) Ro rdng lit (ANC) t (AMC) a

nr.nr:

Theo tr6n

4:

@,b,a)
ao,2 : 69

+
n

r:

(c , c

, -a)

=44:bc

vb,

*bc -a2 -

o <+

3) Cric ban ld lam tudng tu

Nhi6u bii todn hinh kh6ng gian cci thd giai
drtoc theo phuong phap tr6n.

IS$N:0866-8035
Chi s6: 12884
Md s6 : 8BT46M7

C)

4 fr
@

"sXI

t) l)
4

,#
o
ffi
o/r

60

ffi

c6

</)

16

2/92030

Nguyirr'l'idn Hung 1OA, YAn Phong,B.icNinh.Trhn Dinlt

Quang,'lC, BCCLC Viet Tri, Phri Thg. Lru Hdi Ddng, llT3,
Chuyen Nguyn HuQ, Hi D6ng, Hi Tdy. Phqm Vdn TQp,
118r, PTTH Vinh Bio, Hii Phdng. Nguydn Anh Minh,8F,
'|HCS Ngqc Lam, Gia l.6m ; Y,rtQuyrh Hoa,8A, THCS Nguyn
Phong Sic, Hn NQi. Npyen Thi Blch,8A, Trong didm U6ng
Bi, Quang Ninh. aQc Thu HuyEn,L H6ng Phong, Hi Giang.
Nguyin Thanh Tudn,7 A, PTCS Qulnh C6i, Qujrnh Phu, Th6i
B\nh. Nguyen Thu Trang,78, THCS CLC H?u LQc. Thanh
Hfu. Nguy4n Cdnh Linh,7A, THCS D6 Luong ; NgLtyn Thi
Lin, Tirng ThAnh, Yn Thanh, Nghe An. TOn Thdt Minh
Hilng,8G, Ngtry6n Tri Phrrong, Thrla Thi6n - Hrd . LA Ngoc
Thp,5A, Ti&r hqc sei 2, HQi Phri, Pleiku, Gia Lai. Tq Quynh
Trang, l0Al PTTH Bdn Tre, B6n Tre.

B,NH .HUONG

CAT vA GHEP BA HINH VUONG

Ban Nguy6n hoc ldp t h6i chi minh Id ban An
- MQt gi6o sinh Su pfum tadn : Chi oi ! Mudn
cdt uit. ghep ba hinh uuOng nhi bd.ng nhau dd thu
duoc mQt hinh uu6ng tiru uita uq.ru thi ld.m. thd nha ?
Xin mdi cdc ban h6y cung girio sinh An tri
Idi girip cho em Nguy6n.

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