t6-GDur,

eo cTAo DUC VA DAo TAo

* Hgr roAN Hgc vrFr NAM

TAP CHi RA HANG THANG

I

stx DUNG DINH Li NGHTFM NGUYEN CUA

PHUC}NG TRINH BAC 2

cuQc THr olEn,rprc

Toili

cHAu A . rnAl nixu Drf0NrG

1 BAN VE MOT Str MO RONG

TOAN HOC VA TUbI TRE

MATHEMATICS AND YOUTH

MUC LUC
Trang

o Dhnh cho c6c b4n Trung hgc co sd

For Lower Secondary School Level Friends
Nguydn lt{goc Khoa - Srl dung dinh li nghiGrr
nguy6n cria phuong trinh b6c 2 dd giiri
phuong trinh
o Giii bei ki trroc
Solutions of Problems in Previous Issue
C6cbdi cias6240

Tdng bi0n fip :

NGUYL]N CANH TOAN
Plu6 tdng bidn
1

ftp

N(iO DAT TU
HOANG CHUNG

r Di ra ki niy
HOI DONG BIEN TAP

Problems in This Issue

Tll244. ..., TtOl244,Ltl244, L21244

. dng kinh cii c6ch day vi. hoc to6n
Kaleidoscpe : Reform of Maths Teaching
Mai - MQt bdi torin n6n xem lai

Dodn

I
10

e Dhnh cho c6c b4n chudn bi thi vho dqi hgc

For College and University Entrance
Exam Preparers
Vu Duc Cd.nh - Phr:ong phrip chon phdn ttr
ldn nhdt
11
o Nguydn Viet Hd,i - CuOc thi Olempic todn
chdu A - Th6i Binh Drrong
13
o Nguydn Khac Minh - Bdn vd m6t srr rnd r6ng
15
o Quach Giang - U.rg dung tinh chdt tdm ti cU Bia 3
o Gi6i tri to6n hgc
Fun with Mathernatics
Binh Phuong - GiAi d6p bni : H6i ai. c6u gi dd
duoc tU do
Bia 4
Nguydn C1ng St - Thu gom c5c ddng ti6n

Tru sd tba soan :

8l Trdn Htrng Dao, Hh NOi
231 NGuy6n Ven Cir, TP Hd Chi Minh

Nguy6n CAnh Todn, Hodng

Chring, Ng6 Dat Trl, L6 Kh6c

BAo, Nguy6n Hry

Doan,

Nguy6n Vi6t Hai, Dinh Quang

HAo, Nguy6n XuAn Huy, Phan
Huy Khii, Vu Thanh Khidt, LC
Hei KhOi, Nguy6n Ven Mau,
Hoing L6 Minh, Nguy6n Kh6c
Minh, Trdn Van Nhung,
Nguy6n Dang PhAt, Phan
Thanh Quang, Ta Hdng QuAng,
Dnng Hung Th6ng, VO Dr.rong
Thuy, Trdn Thdnh Trai, LO 86
Kh6nh ?rinh, NgO Vi6t Trung,
Dang Quan Vi6n.

Biin

td.p uit

tri srl: VU lfli\l 'IHIJY

ln rHdsc NHAT
DT : 8.220073
DT : 8.356111 Trinh bay: HOANG LE li.'icFi

oArun

cno cAc BAN TRUNG Hgc co sd

su u1lruq DINH rf rueruFM NGUyEn'l cun pHutr{G ffiil't't sgc

)7

p[ eru

NcuvBt'r NGec KHoA

PHUoNG TRiNt{

(Quing Ngai;

Nhic lai c6e dinh li.

1) Dinh li t z etuong rtnh x2 *bx * c = 0
(c * 0, b, c Z) c6 nghiQm n-guyAn xo thi

" t rl'flirrn li z z Phuong tinh

co nghiaru nguyan nni ,ia cni

x2+ ar +p : 6
nni L, = b2 - 4c

lit sf chinh phuong. h, c e Z)

Ap dung hai dinh Ii tr6n !a giAi^mQt s6
phrrong trinh nguyen dang A)( +-Byz + CXy

+DX+EY+F:0.
Bei to6n I : Tim X N sao cho P - S
lo s6 chinh phuane
.ciai r *r:-e'i'a sd^chinh phuons khi vd
chi khi phriong trinh Z2 + XZ + 2 :"0 (1) c<j
nghi6m nguydn
.Theo dfnh li (1), nghim nguy6n cria (1)
chi cci thC' la x. 1. r. 2:
Tacci (+ 1)1i X+ Z : O+X : + B
(+2)"+2X+2:0=X:*3
VayX = +

3.

_- Blri_to6n 2 z Gid,i phuang trinh nguy1n

){z-Yt+6=0(1)
Giai : Q) e)i['+ 6 = f <+phuons trinh
ZL^ + 2XZ - 6 - O (2) c6 nehi6dl nsuv1n.
Nghi6m nguy6n crla (l)"chf crt t"hd ld : +
lr*2,+3,+6.
Ta cci :
(+t)2 +

2x - 6 = o (loai) (*)

(+g)2+4X-6:o
(toai)
(tg)2 16X-6=0
(loar) l*
(+6)2 + |D{ - 6 = 0 doail (**\l
V6y phuo.gg trinh (
|

I tilon'gbo'rtghi6m
=^
,grygn.suy ra (1) khOng cri nghiSm ng[y6n
D9 tnay
(*) va-(x*) I5. triong"drrong
^ ta hloc la.r,g
n6n
bdt m6t phrtons trinh . "
Eii tge+ 3. Gid.i'phuoig trinh nsu.yan :

Giii : (i) Cd'pghirp nguy6n khi vd chi

khi A 1 (3Y+ l)'- 8Yz - 5Y'- 6
- Yz - 5 (t) Ia sd^chinh phuong
<+phrrong tr\nh Zz + 2YZ + S : 0 (2) crj
nghi6m n-guy6n. NghiQm nguy6n c{ra (2) chi
la + 1. + 5
(+ i)2 + 2Y +5 = 0aa}/ - +
thdY= I Svdo (*) tac6 L' = 2

cri th'

Tac<j

'

vdiY: a 3 ta cci
lXt=10+2:12 (fngvdi
Y= 3)
1*, = 1o - 2 : 8
[x.r= -8l-2:-G
'lxo=-8-2' = -19 (rlng v6i Y : -B)
Nghi6m nguy6n cria (1) viet theo thf tU'
(x,
Giei (1)

Y) Ia (12,-3), (9, 3), (-6, -3), (-10, -3).

Dd dinh hudng v6 mat phrrong phrip. Vdn
dd dat ra lq : v6i {i6u kin ndo, phrrong trinh
nguyOn AX'+ BY + CXY + DX * EY * F =
0 (1)
GiAi duoc bpng ph;rong phrip tr6n (A * 0r
'I'a cci : AX' + BY' + CXY + DX + EY + F

oA*

(1)

cc,

+ @y + D)x + By2 + Ey +f' = 0

pghiOm nguy6n khi A = (CY + D)2 -

M(BY+EY+F)
- = (c2 -4 ADf

+ 2 GD

z AE)y + Dz

MF ld sd chinh phuong.
_ VOy (1) gid.i, duoc bhng phuong phdp .Ap
4qng dinh li rylhiQm nguyen cia phuong trinh
!Qc_hai^\h1C' --+ AB ld sd chiih phuong uit

(CD-ZAEit Cz-4A8.

Y_i_Su :.Gidi phuong trinh

3X. + Yz + 4XY + 4X + 2Y
Gi6i. Ta thdv

ruguyn

{5 = 0 (1)

c2-4,qBLl6- 4.8.t:22
CD-2AE=4.4-2.3.2:
x +BY +4yX+2X+Zy - s :"ol(lt
=41 C2-4AB
Giii : (D o* + 2QY + l)X + Si2 + qy
Ta cd (1) <+3x2 + @y + qX + f + 2y +
-9-0
5:0
<+[' =.(2Y + 1)2 *3* + zQY + 2)X + f + zy + b : 0 (x)
(B#)*C4"y"_g$;u- "sorun
(1) c<t nghi6m^nguy6n^ khi
= 4f + 4y + I - gf - 4y +9 ln s6 chinh
L'
= (2Y +^2)t : S(yz + zy + s) : 4y2'+
phttong
gYD+4-?Yt-6Y-15
:YL*10
=Y2+zY-11 = (y+D2- 12tds6chinh
<+phrrong tfinh 22 + zyz - 10 = 0 (2) c<i phuong
<==phuong t,,jrnh 22 + (y r.i) 2 i S :
nghlQtr nguy6n. NghiQm nguyOn cia (2) chi cd nghiOm nguy6n (2)
cri thd lir: + l, l.2, t 5,o+ 19
I.[gi,irn nguy6n c:0,a Q) chi cci rhd le + 1,
Ta cri : I + 2Y - l0 = 0 (loai)
t
3, Ta cci 1 + (Y+ 1) *3 : Qelf,f | 4+4Y-10=0(loai)
+,{*f=3,Y:-5
25 + IOY - 10 = 0 (loai)
,i)Y:3+L'-2
VAy phuong trinh (1) khOng cri nghiOm
(*) Cd nghiQm x, : 3f
'nguy6n.
= -z
Biri to6n 4 z Gid,i phptong
nguyn
X2 = -8 -2 (loai)
* - 2GY + l)x + bt' i"ovtriruh
i a ='0"0)
,O

(Xem

tiip

trang 8)

I
I

NcO Si Lidn. Chrldns

NpyZn Thi Lan,98. Chuvc'n Qu6c

IIii

Ngoc Dic,
8\,
' !!.K xuan
i*anr. Nam Dlnn. ii6 Mqnh Cudng, T'fNz. NK Bim Sdn ;
NtuvEil'tidn Duis,gB, Dien Bien, I-c Kim Phwrilg.9C l. NK

NK Thanh FIa,

9A, NK
Tiranfr

Ducng. Bdi Nhil Minh. Tthn

Thixi Hung-Yii. Bri'thd

vinh

-fhAnh ph6' Mai

ohd : L Nioc Phti,gC, 'ITGDCI-C,
Nsa Son ; Trhn Thd Anh,98, NK Tinh

I IA Trung- T'hanhH6n.Ngry1n
auan. sL,,i. ptan ll6i ChAu, Ngh-e An. N&wEn Thi Thu
HiEn'Nsuvin T'idn Thanh, 9T NK TEi xa, Ilir finh. Tq Qudc
nuri. tlp'6 Oudc Anh.8T. Chuvn Neuv6n Du TP BuOn Ma
rr,ri"r , Sa[I. aVNsuvnThi nhuon{uyen,8. Chuyen Nghi;r

nii

aTaicang'anh,\t\,NK

Hanil'Ouins Neiil Dinh Thdi Minh Tdm, 912, Catn L(x.

lrguy d n N nh ThuQn 81,Quang'l rung.
Aain,f [5nti' Hda.
'frhn

cam

t<tri

'16

Minh Hodng
aT Hii Duunq, NpyEn Thi HdnggF tam Son Thanh H6a,
Phqm Nroc Uuv,gl Nzuyen BinhKhiem. Bi6n IIba, Nguyin
Tnns LAp sB Yen L4a, Vinh Ph{tc. Nguyin Thi Iludng.9T
fnanfr Hi, tlii Duong, D6 QuangKhdnh 6.4 Uong Bi Quirng
Ninh. Idns Thanh Vo 98 Tinh Gia Thanh Hfu, Ddm Vdn
fhanh Aefuy Hoa, Phri Yn ; Trhn Ngpc Crlng 9T Nguy6n
An Khrrong, il6c M6n TP H6 Chi Minh3, Bni LC Na 8C
Arnsterdari Ha NOi ; Dinh Trung Hi6u 8A Phri Bai Thta
Thin - Hu6 I Hd Vdn Dat 9TA Phan BOi Chau. Ngh An,
D6 Thi Thu Hd 9A, Htnr Ngh! IIba Binh.

'

TCi

Nc;ilYEN

Bni TBi240 3 Ch:tng rninh bdi d&ng thtlc

O +z\(r +22')O +22')x...

^n < I qz"*l
x(1 + 2")
.t
1.-

;(2'
V6iz=trthi
^r1.z
Fr=1+2t-5=iQz

Bii;i TZIL4O z Gid.i phuong ffinh nghiQm

-1)

n6n

c6ns
---Eiathfc dfne.

x2n2_x2_gyz=?-xy.
Ldi Liai : cia frd.n Dil6 Hieu,8T, Han

Dinh.

- Odtnay phuon"g trinh 6ri nghiQm x = y

-Ydix,y*tac6t
(2)
(x + y)2
0\ ey2(x2
'ra -- 7) 'l=ld'binh phrrong cria
(2)
Tt stiy xz (B)

Ch6u.D6c, An Giang.

bang phuonC phgp quy naP to6n hgc.

nguyAn

,2u2_x2_gy2:?.xy.

Dtnh Hoc IIdi, THCS Phuoc Binh.

Tin Phri. Dbne Nai.
TP Hb Chi N{nh. Hoang- Khdnh Minh,9A, Tht khoa Nghia.

Ldi giAi : (criaban Trd'nlud'nArth,9Todn,

L6 Ourr-Ddn. Nha Trans, Kh6nh Hda)
Tachrlng minh :
6i'"0 trai Ie1tr'n.
l''+t
Fn =
- 1) (*)

DAttc HuNc tHANc

ft

Dat.gAr Chu Van An, Tav Hd ; LA Cudng,9M, Marir Curic :

vaivnai unn.8c I Ni6 HbhsQui3,7c, HdNQi - Amstcrtlant.
ria Nbi. lgoivan'Ldn Huni, Z.-chuven H6ng Bang : Tiirr
Vdn Hd" 9dt.'Lac ViCn, Hii"l'hdn g Nguyn Catt Cuitng,8ts,

trong ba s6 a, b, c mQt"s6 b-ing n, m6t s6 bing

n- 1vb. mOts6bangru+1.
Nh4n x6t. co .5t oJng c6c ban thamgia giAi bhi nay.
C6c ban sau dAv co loi sidi nsin son : Nntve n ndt Tti gCT'
Hi Tintr, Ngulen odn{ Qui"se"ihuan-Thann Bic Ninh,

6 ez)

ttl

Tiv.Nruv[n,'thi Linh Giang,'1T, Chuyen Iac Stln.

Hai ninn."oa"Ddng Thity, zer. Hai na trurig, I'rhn ldrt
oXi.

Nhu Nicc.9T. Nk
'cii:

lorb, = o
I a. = 0. c. = t 1-;6, = T1.
hotrc
'Trim bl :0.cl =tl-ai=4L
lai : Dau bane x6v ra khi va ctri

*ot'6rffl{a!'.oz

lci=t

_n
:v.

4.

*uan Hidu,9A, Ohuyen Me'Linh. Kibu Viet Cudnq'

y"eri fac, V0 Trong Kho6t.8A, Chuyn.vinh lUgng,.vlnn
pit i. NsuyAn Mini Thuang oa chuyn Thqch Th[\ Nguycn
Thanh lluvEn 98, Chuvn LJne IIoa ; Hodng, Vdn Vfing 9'

)e

Thuy6n, Nam

x: *

Ntuva:n

Tt (1) v4. (2) $uy ra ^

' at+bz+cz<3nt*2.
Ddu
(^ ":" xAv ra khi vi chi khi

Thanh H6a'

4hav

=7

Vay pfrrlo"g trinh (1) c6 cdcnghiQm nguy6n

sau :
(x, y) = (0, 0) ; (4' -1) ; (4, 2) ; ?4, l) ;
(-4, -2).
NhOn x6t : Cac ban sau dav cring co liti gidi t6t

t'a cci' '

az+b2+c2 = 1a+a)2+(b + br12 +
+(c + c1)z : 3n2 + 1al + ol, + c?)^(1)
M (o, br) (61c,)- (c1. ar) : (a, brcr)t > 0
n6n trorig F" =-6 cirbr,-'bit, c,o,-phBi b<i mOt
s6 ]- 0, chang h4n arbt.
Khi dd
2 > 2c! =. c! + (-r)2 = c? + 1a, * b)2
= a2t*b1 + c? * 2arb, > o?+b?+c? (2)

Sdn,

+ lrl =

a2

+Y=lr!=2
Thayr = -4 vio (2) ta drtoc
gyz'= t - nt''+ $ - 1XY + 2) -'0 +
r.= 1. y = -2

Biiri Tll24O Cho trudc a, b, c thu1c doq'n

[n 7, n + 1f sao Pho q +( b + c^ = 3n. Chtng
minh rd,ne at + bt * cz 3 n" * 2.
Khi nio thi xdv ra ddu bd.ng.
Ldi srai , (cnl ban NguYdn Xudn Dbng
9A Chu-v6n Qui'nh Phu, Thai Binh vir ban
Hodng itng, 9NK Ti6n Son, Bic Ninh).
Dela, : a - n, b, = b - n, cr = c Ta cd'o,, br, cri G'[-1, 1] vi
a, * b. I c,' ='a * b * c - 3n = O.

Npyin Anh Tudn 9N Bim

Thiv'r = 4 v_f,o (2) ta dtrgc

gtz'= (y + q2 = (y + 1)0 - 2\ =

11,

(3) <+r2

dring v6i rL = 'h, trlc ld

J
"o"g-tlrr'l"
1 ^r<+l
fo = g(22
- 1). Ta chrlng minh c6ng thtlc
dringv6in=k +1.
- (L + 2'-k+l =
Th$t vfly I Ft+t

='

= (1 +

.jfz,,-*'

)Ft

-'1 = !{z'**' -

t).
Chrlng t6 c6ng thrlc (x) dring vdi moi z
N-. Tt dci suy ra
zr"*t)

l--

1 .n+1
1
Fn=B(22
-1)<i.2'

Mflt khric do Bf ld phdn gi6c n6n

^n+1

AI

Nh$n x6t :
1).Hdu h6t cAc ban du nhan ra khi nhin vd rr6i v6i
3 = i' - I thi lin ri6p si dung
oE* thitc (a - b)(a +
Stq
b) : o2- b2taduockdr quA :rz22 - l.'l'uvnhienchico
ciic han sau-diy chrrng mirih chSt chi bing phcp qui qp toSn
hoc : NgiyAn 'l'hi Quyn, L0 f idn 'l'rung. 9'l'. Lam Sdn ; Mai
lhi 7hu Sunh l), BA, Ngu IIdi, Nga Son; LuongNggc Gidp,

7n. N.5 IIcfingFl6a ; LA Vdn Mmh, HgAng Phri, Hoing

Hoa ('l hanh H6a) ; Trfu Tdn Dat, Npyin d*c fidn, gAi
Chu Vln An ; Pham Th ltung,8CT, Trt Uem (Ui NQi) ;

Npyn COng'I'hdnh,8T1l- v,a Lau Anh 71, 8 Chuy6n I-i, NK

Vinh ; I/b Quung l.oi.6A. ChuyCn VAn IoAn D6 l.rrong ;
Chu Vit Tudn.9 L'ttAn A. Phan l](ri ChAu (Nghq An) ; Hodng
Khanh Mirth.9Ar. l'hri khoa Nghia, C'hAu l)eic (An Giang) ;
Ngty?n Phuong Thdo.8T, Nguyen lr6i. IIAi Drr<rng (Hril
Du'ung ) :..trin L Qud c S on. t1 ve N g0 n7 i n h Tr!., 7 A. dhuyen
LCKhidr lQuing Ng6il ; LtTrungKiAn,g',NglyenTn phuirng
(Thrla 'l'hien llru6) ; lloang Minh ttodng, g'', Chuyen Uns
Hoa (IIi TAyl , NpyEn lliQp,9A. Chuyn PhU'tho (I,hi
Thol : l'hqn Vi(t S;n,'7AvA Phqm'Ihi Van Giang,Sa. thuy0n
B:.rc LiC'u

Phdng)

tllac Li6u) ;'I'htii Vdn Viet,9A6, lrdn Phri GIii

vu Quj' t.pc, te Qui D6n (Dn NEngl ; NgiyEn

lht l.o!. vts. Cluycp

Qudc Q,qi

(IIi

Tay) ; Qinh viin Trung,

9 L1i. Chuyc'n Ngr:yen Du (Dik l,i.tk1 ; Npy|n Vir Phutms.

9ts. _Chuyen'l'am Thanh (Ph('l'hoy. Vh Bd Thi, 9n. Ben TiC
(Bdn 'l'rey : Trhn Diith Ngun.91. Colerre ('tP IIb Chf
Rieng han NSTz-r'e n T'hi Kim Ngdn, 9'fr,'Hirng vuong
Yiirt,l:,
(Binh l)u'ong) airng pi,C.p qui n4p liri crins cho l(.,i"qidi rdr:
2-) ('5c han , Ngurdn Vdn'Tidn,'9A. ph<i"euans. Oirc pfr6
(Quing Nglti) : Nguyen Xuhn Dic.8TI .:. Nrng [nidu Vinh
v3 Ngtyn Hb XuAry Minh Dic , 8A.I"l:ng Dring. Vinh (Nghf
lnt 1 t o o, vdn Dud n. c hd t luq ng c ao G i a lllrriy INa m Dinli) ;
Chu Manh INng Q'f . NK Bic 6iang tBEc Giang; vi mOr itl
ban dr.r khic d5 t6ng quet hoa bai rr rAn v6i phep chfing minh
tudng td.
't'nrng
.__.3).llirn Nguyn Ngb Lam,8CT, T6 HoAng, Hai IIA
(He N$i) de "hinh tuan" (ring "ihgc ra. da! chi le mQr bij
'
to6n ve linh giA rri cria biar rhild'.

t.r; 't t t<ir.i<; Nt tA't

PiLi'141240 : Cho L ABC uu6ng g6c tai A,

2e.. Kd phdru gidc trong BI. Va g6c
30o ub phia tro"ng tam gYac. Tiruh"g6c
CHI.

cLA-:
AeH -

Ldi giii
{

Tt

(1) vn (2) ta duoc

Suy ra

= 90o - CBA = 70,,.

HCB = 40').
^
-=KC CK-IeJia phdn gi6c cria HCB, ta

Do vdy CHI

Nh$n x6t

L ACH co

frh :

30o n6n AI1

c5

CH
2

CB
-.AH =.,I CH =
L'o do
HK
HK , BK
Ke KM L CB tai M. Tam giac CKB cdn
ndn CB = ZCM.
AH BM BA
(1)
HK BK BC
1

(DoABMK^LABC)

HCK =

20o.

BAi rny dUdc c6c bgn

giii

theo nhiu c6ch..Giii t6r bei

: Th6i Nguvn : Mai Nsuvn Drins. 8 NK

tMnl phd, Phf Thg : Nfiydn Viet Phuoii sB Chuiin Tatn
nAv c<i c6c ban

I'hanh, Yinh Phric : Ts Vdn ('huong,8A THCS Xiren Iloa.

\gy6n'l'rung Ldp, Ngutin Duc Hr)1.98 Chuyen Ycn L4c.
BEc Giang : Dao Ngec M.inh.9'l'NK Yn l)nng. Nguyerr
Thu Nga'343. Le liti. BEc Ninh , Phazg Vdil ihfi\:. eMK
Gia l.uortg, IIoAnX I'itng. t) NK l'irln Srln. Tiar 7iz,rx 9NK
'thi
BAc Ninh; Quinf Ninh : Nguvdn
Phd, Dtl Quung Khdtth.64':'l D (Jting

Ihtr l/a. en'l i) Cr]nl

lli. Ilu'ng Yn

. /),),,

Ilodng lldch 9A l-ong llang, Viin Giuig: llrii I'hbng : Lurnt,g

Vi|t Cudng. 9Ar I lfing llang.'frhn l rung l li(tr.9t): L-ac Vii'n.
Ngi^r Quyen. Vtt Ngtrc Minh,8'l'. Chu V?ln nn. IIi 'l'6y: D,''
T'ha nh I I ib n. 8A'I'o:in, Thudng'l'in ;'l'hdnh KhiA n, 7.{ ChuyCn
Thach Ih3'r. Nguyin Thily Dwmg,8B Chuyn LJng Hoa ; Ila
N6i ; Dodrr Thanh Tilng. itA2 Nguyen 1'rubng TO: Le Cudn;.
9M, Marie (\tne, Vuong Gia VA, TClf Trung Vrjdng, Ngd
Hodng Quj, 7C IId Nbi - Amsterdam ; Nam Dinh : liitn llodi
HQu, NguyAn ('6ng'l'udn.8'l' Trin DIng
Quang.Vinh,-9T, NK Y YerL Ngufin Thi Nhung,

Son,98'i'D l{ei
Ninh,

?iz

V9 NK XuAn 'I'rudng ; Thanh II6a : I)do Phun Thoai 8f ,

NK TriQu Son; NghgAn : Ngm,in Minh Qudc. h NK eui/nh

Lttt, Nguv?n Iluy Vil,9I Phan ltdi ChAu. Ngut'in IIb Xudn
- HuC :
Trbn Dinh Kfrlirn. 8 l\guydn I n l,hrtong ; Dn NIng : Nsyin
QuangThiQn, T Ngry6n Khuy6n; Quring Ngii : Ngu.ttin Tdng
Nghim, I'h4m 'l'uf,n Anh, s I t'huy6n
Minh Duc.8A llr.rns Drins. Vinh: Thria Thien

la._7-'|9A1,_NryVt
LP I(hLe!. Nguyn I'hi Phuong Uven.8 (ihuyn Nghi:r Il:rnh

Binh Dinh :'Phan Vdn Nghi'ap,8C I lt\a Thdng. Ttry l,hucrc

Kh6nh Hdt : Trhr fudn Ani,9t L,e euv-llin
I)6i : Dbne Nai:
Phgn Npc Huy, 9T NEryen Binh Khiern,
I loa ; I:iCM :
;

Phan Minh Trt :9T, Nguyn Du. Co Vdp, Trbt Ditth l14 116i.
9Ar Phrtr*-Binlq Q9,Tidn Ngp c Cudng.9Tl Ngr:yCn An Khtrtrng.
Hoc M6n : Bdn Tre : Bo-Bd Htii, (jn PI-UI bin t.".

VI] KIM THUY

Biri T51240. Cho tant giac ABC trong do

BC ld 95.ru!l; ldryllhdt; Mot-duitng trbn @ltidp
xtic udi AB, AC tai cac didnt tuong ung M, N
uit c6 tdm O nd.m. giua B, C. Hq duisng cao
AH. C,hing minh r:d.ng tyong cdt'tam gidc co
ha.i dinh ld M, N ud dinh thi ba thi6c BC
thi tam gidc HMN co chu ui be nhdt.
A

OM, ON tudng

HCK= KCB=20o

l6n nhdt nen

cac gdc B, C
ddu nhon. Mi

IH.ILCK,-.-

Ldi g'ini ;
canh

--l--\

(2)

IC"= BC

Do BC ld

Ta pr5-*ACB

BA

fng

vuOng gdc
vdi AB, AC (tlc
ti6p didm) n6n

ts

M, N d6u nam
tr6n c6c canh.trrong ttng AB, AC, tttc la chring
q1m-cilg phia ddi vdi BC (1). Do cing nhin
AO du6i mQt gric vu6ng n1n M, N, .Ff-thu6c
dttdng trdn d'tgng kiqh4o. Trong dudng trdn
nay.la cd OM = 10N (vi 0M-= Oltl}+6n
sd An4 = 1800.- srI--QM = 180('->{ ON =
sd AN. Ve-Je-cd AHM
sd An[ = 1/2
sd AN - AHN, suy ra =-+/2
BHM = CHN.
Ldy didm M' d,6i xrlng voi M qua dudng

thing

fC

-^

CHN. MAt
(2), Ta c5 BHM' = ^
BHM = ^
(2)
(i)
ta
c6 HM'-n1p kh6c
vdi
kh6c, kdt hop
pfriu'OOi vOi'BC, n6n suy ra M', .F1, N t-h4lg
hang. Do dcj chu ili L HMN : MN + M'M^,
tronig khi dci, vdi di&x D (khAc 11) tr6n B-C,
ta cd M'D + DN ) M'M, n6n chu vi L' DMN
I6n hon chu vi L HMN, suy ra dPcm.
Nhfln x6t : cc, 132 bai giiri tdt ci deu giii d[ng, duy

B,iLiTTlz4o : Xdt
tnd,n:

li'l'rdn DAng

nh).

llil:

ilng

dinh bdi

'

: N-ptyi n

9 r',ff

' r,2
"1997 "1998

f-

r,tt+\
"1997 +n

^* ""

'

LU
^x

v7()9'7
^k + h

pn

j, trong dci : pn, en e Z , Qn

nn
> 1 va (p^, q^ ) = 1... Khi dd , nduS nt *
thi phAi c<5 Q m: gn (*)
1-saq.c!rb'b*',:.bn
Mat kh6c, tt (1) ta cd
Pn+1 p|-Gsl,

1995

1996 (k

+)l

1995(ft +2)!.r

1
nk+2
w1997+k

1
I

Ldy tdng

1
1996.
t _ 1 __\
1995\nt
.L_r**t
rn+2 I
k:0"199'7+k
"1996 v1997+n
1996 1
1
/- 199b'nr - 19gb
" 1996
1

\'_

'

x6t

: BAi ndy c6 kha d6ng ban rham gia giAi

NhOn
vA c6 nhidr cich giAi bAi to6n nay. CAch gidi trC'n cira ban
lhuAn IA ngin gon vi tU nhien nhil. (l;lc han co li,i giii t6r
I.? quung"Nhti.izc'rTp IIb chi Minh. Lo,.4nn Du"ng t2C1'
Nrnlvn I)u Dric l6c. LC Dinh Binh, l2'l' llu6n N-,1 1'huQt
t)Xc'lfc. I. XuAn Dui, llA My I)rlc IIn TAy tloingT'ru;ng
,

luv(n, l2A I{A Trun,.l 'I'hanh Ilcxt. Ng.tycn Minh I'huung

Bit, !.9,
t2A I Inng Vrrong I'hi 'l'hq N6zzydrr Nhit Nunl2A
-trang Khdnh
Ngt4,in lloilry, Rham wf Lc Qgi D6n Nha
lliit, Ph'trn llbng Thdil2'l Quring Ilinh' //zi l)u1' Ilungl2

'l'r:in Phu, I Lii I'tidng, Vn Drtc Nghia ttA D6ng Ouong Thanh
II6n, Nrzryirr Lhdi Pht't luA Minh Khai Ili'finh. I'hqn'fudn

Anh{f l.i Khi6t. Quing Ngai Drnft Sj''l'hq9 (hi. l0n DIIS-P
Vinh. Nruvi;rr Tidn Muth I2A Ngir Sy LiCn BIc Giang. Npvtn
M()nh ihdng 8A Thach 'i'hat [Ii'l'Ay.

Nhi6d'ban ccj nhAn x6t dring rang cd thd

thay sd 1997 bti m6t sd m bdt ki' ( m > 2)
vi La cci bdt ddng thrlc sau

1111

"r^.
4

c^-r+"'+m<

rn-l
e+91 : l (i nt *
oqi-E-1 : qi.
z). Nhu vSy ndu 3 m * n sao cho 6- : b,., thi
bl ez.Suyra :b, t 0, t l, + 2. t 3 )
' +Vdib, = 0 thi6) = - 6+6r = 30 > 3
)nL * n sao cho 0^ = o^.
+V6i6r = t l"tnial - - 5+b. = 1$ 2
3=br .< b4 <,.. . bt I bk,l < ... + ant *
cho cho b- : 0-.
z sao
-+-voi
o, = g2thl.bz- -2+br='-)
:b r,
+V6ib, : * 3 thib. : 3 +b, = 3 = b,.
Vdy, t<iln lai, tdt cdb', e Q cdn tirn la 6,
- ! 2, + 3. VDr do dd, tdt cA cdc gi{' tri o,

Do dd : (*)

L (r0% + ftI-

1996- 1
19951 u-tg.)t
nk+t*k

jn+r
qi,
Vi (p, , en) 1 nen @,] - 6q7, ,q2) = L ]K6t
hop v6i (2) vd @, + r , e,, a 1) = \. Suy ra
gn + t = of,vn 2 1 . DAn tr;t' qn = Qf,"*' vn'- I

+k - (k +2))

1996r

reeb-

vn*.l-

(1997 + k)l

- ffi(lee7
1995!([ +) !

ft"i fs,i.?l;';" 33 3f; Bi'lii

dtt6i dang bn =

-f-f
Ldi gi6i . Cnqb4uTrh.n Dtc Thudn 1lCT,
PTNK Quing Binh) 19961k + 1l
I
m^
IA

(1)

x6t 16, I < g. Ndu b, Q thi tt (1rdO

thdy b, G'Q Vn > 1. Vdi m6i z > 1, viet bn

rd.ng

nl

Ve bai dE ra trd thdnh : Tim tdt cd b t e

OmhAm*nsaochob^:b^.
- Tt (1) ta cci : bn+r-6')= 1t),,,-3)(bn+2)
V n > 1. Suy ra, neu lb, I Z 3 lhi lQ, J.:

Bdi 'l8l240 : Cho sd nguyen duong n.

1111

bn+t:bIr-6 vn >

oAr.rc vtEN

Ching minh

{an} tnm

5i I.ien) IIii I'htrng : l.uttttg

ri?h u()nn 1iz a ith'ilnr Ngo
Vitt ('uitttt:, Nyuyin l'fung, 'l'hittt (eA r 'l lICS Il0ng llitng).
Dbns Nai t Phqm Nggc liuy 1\)l Nguycn lliq[ Khic'm, Bin
I la,a j- 'f l, I Ib Chi Minh : /urrg liin lii 1u"' I lung Ph[ A
Q.t{1 ; Ir)rr Ngtc (uirng ((r'tr NguyC'n n n Khuchg. I l6c M6n).
'l'hfn
Thi6n - Ilud : Dinh-lrung l'lidu (8A TIICS PT Ph[
Bdi Ilucrng Thny), Khdnh Hiva z Dinh Thdi Minh rq! Ql?
TII('\ Cam I6c. Cam Ranh); 77in'fudnAnh 19'IoenLEQui
Don; ilor llinh : ,t] l'hr'l'hu lla le{ THCS Huu Nghi).

sd thuc

an+t:Sai-2 Vn > 1'

Tim tdt cd. cdc sd htu ti a, ntit tbn tai m
*nsaochoa*=a
- 'ilt giai r Voi ,"6i n >-- I dat bn-: 3a,,
Khi dd,Tr: aay ta.) ta c<i d6y {bn }'drrgc xdc

cri diCu la phdn kin diu cho dtl(hg nhien /1M, //M' rrim kh6c
phia drii vii BC
khbng nAu ft tut tai sao. l,di gitii tiit gbtn
i,i . Nam Dinh^a:.lrhn l)ftt lli(tt (8 lfo:! llirn lhuyC'n)-:

N guvi n T'nmg Drrng (9

d.d.y

nx-z

DANG HUNG THiNG

Q cdn tim

2
li' i ;, t

1.

Nh4n x6t : t) Da so c5c bqn cho I.iti girii rudm re,

dai ddng. Kh6ng it bari cho Ldi Eiei thi6r chinh xac vi chUa
;ret hdt c6c truong hop c6 the xey ra.
2) Danh sacf ceiban Oa zui Iai siAi cho llar toiin. BEc
Gian! Vil Duy Tudn, Nsuy1i Ti6n frlanh 1l2A PTTH Ngo
Si Uen)' ; Vinh Phfc , rao Thd Thu, 1..; lhd l'ln\nh (108,
llB P]'l l l Vinh Tuong) ; IIii Phbng : lli l)tt.t' Hung (12
Chuydn f in P'l'l'll Irin Phu.1 ; 'fh6i Binh : l!Et.r-t11.Hod1q
D*c'Trinh ( tlAr P l"l H Bic-Kidn Xrrong)-: IIn NQi : Dd
Npoc Dtlc fiH Tl ICS l ntns Vuone), NsuyAn Dtu Manh (12

CB loa - l)one AnTl) ;Hi TAy I Npviy M()nh Thdng

(8A THCS Thach l'hdr) ; Thanh Hdn : Nguftn Vdn Quang.
LA Xufun Trung, Wtn Ngoc Quang (101. ll'l I'|TH lam
Sd.r\.Truonv Cut l)itrtx ( 12 Ar PI-nl llim Sttn) Ngh An :
frbn'Nam O-ilng(l I (llri'itH PhanBQi Chau) Quing Binh :
DuonsL Narn' t ll 'ft PTTH Dong Hoi.). I)() Htii Phti (lI
A2 THtB L Thny). l'rbt Dtic Thufui (l I ("l I'TNK Tinh)
Binh Dinh : Iltii'i/dn Hiu(ll Ar Qufic ht.rc Quy Nhdn ) :

a"pffff

Vinh Long : Ninh Hbng Phtic (ll T PT-IH Nguyen Binh

Khim) ; Dlikl5k : L aih Dans, itZ CT PTTH N-zuven Ou) :
EHQG HA Noi : NzuyEn uann Ha (il A Kh6i'pTCT Tin DHKHTN)

DHSP

Vinh

: Ng6'Anh Tudn, L Hbng

Hd. Nguyn Thldnh Trung (10A, 1l,A"PTCT).

Isttlx. uai 0<r<1

l\x)=11 u6i r=0

tl

Chtlngrminh bdt d,dng thrlc

yy

Vi lim
x+O

x.

. Bdi Tgl240. Gqi r uit R ldn luot tit ban

hinh cac duimg trdn nQi tidp uit. ngoai tidp

f(x) tn hdm sd li6n tuc

trong doan [0, 1]. X6t hdm s6

r'l x5
8@):x_;+5:

Khi dd s'(x)

=, -*+t'

g"(x):

"a

- (, --,j)

Ta chrlng minh bdt

.- 1l
(0,

ding thrlc k6p sau trong

-g"(x),< sinx < g(x) (*)

X6t him sd f(x) = sinx-- g(x)
Khi dd : f '(x) =

cosx

-sirux-g"(x)

=+f'(x)>f"(0):6
(Bdt

ding thric phia trrii crla (*) drroc chrlng

Tidp theo : f'(x) > f'(0) = 0 Vx (0. 11.

Po "ay f(x) > f(0) = 0 Vx (0, 1) iBdt ciing
thrlg.ph{a phAi cria (*) drroc c}irtng minh).
Tt (*) suy ra
x;3
x3 '*5
7fi- ^
I
r-:*.:
n
b
. sLfl:

l---* dx< |

;r

ltl

.={

(1

'd*. s*'6*eo*
x
;

-; ) o, . [Yo. .

. '",*2x4
(r -| +h)

17 t" sinx
o18'l;d"tSoo
,0

LTO}

[,6m Ddng, Pham Dang Thdi I0T Phan B6i

Chdu, NghQ An ; PhamDuong Hidu 11T, Trdn
Phti Hai Phdng ; Philng Dtc Tucin, l2T,
PTTH chuyEn Nguy6n Trdi, Hii Duong vd.

vd
.

f "'(x) = -cosx, *, -*; f"'(o) = o

41]t*l = sinx -x;fta)19; = 6.
f())(x) = cosx - l'< 0 Vx (0. ll.
Do d<i fla)(x) > i(4)(o) = o vx e (0, rl
+ f"(x) > f"(0) = 0Vx
e (0, 1l ; =
mrnh).

mQt tam gid.e ABC c6 d0 dd.i cd.c cqnh a, b uit

c. Ching rninh rd.ng :
(x)
az +b2 +c2 ( 8az +4* ;
Ldi gi'ili. Bdi to6n niy c<i nhi6u c6ch giAi
v5. dtloc nhi6u ban tham gra, gfri ldi giAi d6n
tda soin. C<j ban'sir dung iedtJ, nhun[ dai da
s6 da'sir dungihuonb inap hiqng gi-ac.'Sau
ddy xin gidi thi6u ldi giai lttong g16c iua Trd.n
Nam Dung, 11T Phan BQi ChAu, Nghe An ;
Aeuyd!, .Qudc Duy 11T, PTTH Thang Long,

nhi6u ban kh:ic.

Trong tam gi6c ABC ta c6 :
a = 2RsinA, b = 2RsinB, c = 2RsinC
sin2A +sin2B +sin2C = 2-(1 +cosAcosBcosC)

-, .* - *

f"(x): -sinx**-{-

Hi

l-ar).

vfing Teu : fisuvan Anh

NGUYEN VAN MAU

'

da s6 c6c'ban)

1 n6n

nii'-

TP HQM : L Quang Ndm, Ng.qJn L Lvc,

Trinh L.Tttdn, Dd NEng : Nguy|n Ngpc Hdi, Hb l.i Vidt
Trung.DingThip : Npy6n DdngTidi. NghQ An : A5r4'rirr
Vdn Tdng NgO Anh Tudn, Trbn Nam Dung Ddrtg l)*c Hpnh.
Thanh H6a : Ngtvdn Vdn Quang, Hoang'trung I uudn, Hbi
Dnong t L Huy Tridn, Philng Dtc Tudn, Quring Binh :
Trbn l)t'rc ThuAn. D6 Hdi Ph4 Nguy4n Trung-KAn.-

sd

(crJra

Di

Triy : L Xudn Dai (114*1 Mi D[c

tid,i n6c Grang :
ViiDuyTudn (l2A Ng6 S! Lien;. H6i Phdng : lli l)uv Huig,

e;. Bh

Dodn Manh HA.

Bei T8/240.
Cho hitm
(

Ldi giai

Cac ban sau dAy cri loi giiri dung

Ha NQi t Npy1n Dtc Manh Oia Cd L5a. ur,ni nnl),

Nam Dinh tNguyinTrudng(iian.g, Hrrng Yin zDuutigMaih
Hnng QzA VIn Ldm), LAm l)6ng : Truong Anh Tudn (l2T
Th5ng Lcrng,

NGUyEN rc:Ac MINH

t7 '" dx' t zoa

,t ' { f(x)
tsoo

NhOn x6t :

ABC
r= IlsinTsinTsinT
. Thay vdo (*), ta

thdy_B.D.T (*) cdn chrlng minh tuong duong

vdi B.D.T sau
:

cosA cosB cosC

< asin2!rin2f,"inzf,

= (1 -cosA) (1 -cosB) (1 -cosC) ; (*x)

, .^,- N6u taT-gi5c ABC vuOng hodc ti thi (**)
nlen nnren dung.
- Ndu tam $5c ABC nhon th\ cosAcosBcosC

>0.

ABC

Dat r =tC; , ! =
> 0), th6 thi

tgi ,, = ry|

k, y, z

| -*
COSA = ----;
I *x'

COSB

| -y2
I +tz'

: 1-22 vi do dci
I *zz
-; k:
, ixx;<+l_xt -g
" ---'xyz
l_y,^ l_zt
cosC

?tsA

tgB tsC >

cots*

cotg

f; cotg f, ; (***)

viy, chring ta dd bidt, trong tam gi6

- _ That
o. ABC
ta cd cdc hd thrlc sau
(1)
tgAtgBtgC = tgA+tgB +tgC ;
:

vi :

ABC

cotg2"ot_g

ZcotgZ,=

.A

cotgV+cotB ,+cotg
M{t kh6c, ta c6 :

,;

tgA+t+B:

2sin(A + b)

2"ffi

:6't-"rtc2sinC
=

(2)

'Bni T10/2

2sinC

vd hai BDT tttong tg. CQng vdd6i vdc6c B'D.T'

:

tgA+tgB+tgC>-cotgV*

BC
*cotgr+cotSr;

40.

_,3
ruAr

Trong mQt phd.ng toa dQ Oxv

trinh

cho etip (e) c6 phuong

x:2 v2
:=+"-=l
a,2 62

(3)

(3) lai, ta duoc

>-

ucuvr..N bANc

2cot7

R > 2r vd cos2A * coszB * us2C

ta thu drroc (iii).

@)

(a>b>0)

MA&dy cung MN cia etiP thaY ddi sott

cho MON = 90u.
la) Tim car gia tri l6n nhdt uit, nhd nhdt
cila dian ilch tam eio.c OMN.
2") Tirn quy tich hinh chidu uuOng g6c H
crta didm O ffAn ddy cung MN.
Ldi giai, (Le liinh Di9. -1141, PTTH
chuv6n YCn gai, Nguvdn Vd Huybn Duong
1043, PTTH chuyon-T,6 Quy Don, Dh NSng

r Tt tt), (Z) va (4) ta thu dttgc (xx*) vir do

dr5 du-gc t*), dpcm. Ddu d&ng thtlc x6y ra khi
vi chi khi
: cos(B - C) = cos (C -A) = 1 vi mOt s6 ban khdc).
"T(A -B)
:

*ABC ld d6u.
Nhan x6t :

:y

10) Bqn Nguydn Dtlc Mqnh,

12A, PTTH Cd Loa, DOng Anh, Hn NQi vn
m6t s6 ban kh6c di str dung k6t quA bii torin
T91224 :
*(a-b)2+(b-c)l+@ a)2
(i)

n-7=7'

=1,

vd chrlng minh hQ thdc sau :

' Z(ab *bc +ca) -(az +b2 +c21:
= 4(r2 + 4Rr) . (ii)
(Ch&ng hqn, cci thd str dung c6ng thfc
S = pr

abc

= 4R vd c6ng thrlc H6r6ng

1") Dat (Ox,'OM) = a, th6 thi (Ox, ON) =

Trong

32:p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c):
, = p$t(bc * ca * ob) - p3 - obcl
sE thu duoc (ii)).
Tt (i), ta dugc

= hx

dudng

8R2,

< 8.B2; (i')

20) Ban Nguydn-Trung Kian, 12A2, THCB

IQ Thiy, Quing Binh dua ra ldi giAi d6c d6o,
ng6n gon (kdt hop cA hai phuong ph6p vecto
vI ltrong girlc) sau dny : Vdi moi didm O,

frz

vi y = -ix la phtrong trinh cria c6c

thing OM vit ON. Vi M vd N
:

Tt dd ta dugc
1111
__1__i^= -+
OMt ON' a" bL"(kh6ngddi)(n.)
:

vd:

1 + ,k2==x
oz b2 (t + h1:
(o2 - b\z
..
x#_;

'
otvP

= (OB - Ot), +

+ @t -oA), *@A-ctb)'
Ndu ldy O li tAm dudng trdn ngoai tidp
tam gi6c ABC thi ta duoc hO thrlc sau :
a2 +bz + c2 = 2loA? + oB2 toc2)--z(dob + ob of + dt oA) =
= 6R2" - 2R2 (cos2{ * cos2B * cos2C) =
= 8Rz -2R2(l *cos2A *cos2B +eos2Q
Vi vdy, BDT (*) cdn chrlng minh trtong
drrong v6i :
*
(*) c=r,R2 (1 * cos2A .
,,,,,
Mat khec, tt cric- B.D,T quen thu6c :

=
. oN

*ytri:r.?

thuOc (rr

(l+hlta2b2

tim ; dpcm

^
ONz=+
p262 qo2

-ab -bc -ca)

Tt (i') vd (ii) ta thu duoc B.D.T (*) cdn

Eb, + ci,

tqa dQ Oxy (vuOng g6c), ta drtoc

orr\='x?u+yzM=#p#,

tacd:

hQ

n6n ta dtioc

16.Rr+\a-q2 +(b-c12+1c -o)2<

hay lDr :
76Rr+2(a2+bz +c?

(0<o < zxt)vdtga=h(-*<h<+ot

"*;

(1,

au b*

DAt f(h)

pz
1r, * Ury

, d6 thdy reng

o<f(k)< 1,
4',
(suy tr) (L - k)2 - +h2-2k>o)

Tt

dd suy ra

11

a2b2 otuP.oN
Vh do d<i :

,a2+bzrz

\r;r;,

\2)

|"a

A
I
.- s (oMAf =

io*

vh do dci :

^2t2

ffi,

oN >

Nhrrovdv

<rl

"
,b
s(OMN) datmax:
Zoh-0e
a OM vi ON ld cric bdn'truc ldn vd nh6
t

cira (s)

o2b2
eh - +l ca
,:
al *b'
OM vit ON la phAn gi6c cta c6c gtic vu6ng
tao bdi cdc tryc tqa d0 x'Ox vb. y'Oy, cr0;l^gt(lc
lA day cung MN id mQt c4nh cira hinh vu6ng

s(OMAi) dat min:

(e).
n6i
' tido elio
2") 'r'i OIl le dudng cao h4 xu6ng c4nh huy6n
MN
'1cria tam giric vu6ng OMN nln ta c6 :

OH2 OLI2 ONz az

-:--L-=--t-=

az

62

khAncr ool
dd:
knong

"rb,

Do dci :

oH = --9L:
,taTP

I/

Suy ra

.ab
kinh /

+bz

drrdng trbn (o)

vi

\a'+D'

dAy cung

c<i

tAm O, bdn

MN

luOn tidp

xric v6i drrdng trdn (rr.r) ncii tr6n. Cd thd dC

ding chrlng minh rang ndu mQt ddy cung MN
nio dd cria elip (s) ma ti6p xric v6i duddng
trin ar(o, P) thi oM t oN (hay chtlng minh
di6u d<i). Ta di d6n kdt IuAn

4s21OMt9 =
A

b4b4
Mzbz

1a2

-b2)zsinza

max(min) a
min(max)
sinz\a =
esin22a = 0 (ho4c1)
<+a = 0 hoac z (tuong rlng
+s2lOtuttg

tf,

;G;il

notac
d=
Cudi cing cring di ddn k6t gui nhrr tr6n'
3") Mgt s6 ban bi6'u thi s(OMM) = tr'(fr) le
m6t him cua k = tga rdi srl dung phrrong
phdp khao srit.hdm s6 de' tim cuc dai vd ctrc
tidu cta F(ft1. Nhi6u ban tinh torin qu6 phrlc
tap vd c6ng k6nh ; da sd qu6n chrlng minh
phdn dAo cta bdi toan quy tich.
NGUYEN oANc PgAr

B,di Ly240
Vq,t AB dQt trudc mQt hQ ba thdu hinh m6ng,
O, 02, Or dbng truc. Sd ph.ong dai k cia
d.nh cila AB qua hQ h,hOng phu thuOc uito ui
tri cira uQt AB trudc hinh O, . Cho bidt tidu
c( ,cd.c kinh O, Oz va O, h.n luat lir
I
/r = 30 cm. ; fz:,20 cm. ,1, fz = 40 cm.
hhodng ca.ch OrO3 ld 60cm , Hdry xd.c dinh
hhod.ng cd.ch OrOruir gid. tri cila k.

tH:oHtMN,Mvd.N(s)]
- Dudng trdn oL(O, f).

Nh4n x6t :
1") Til hO thdc

1
_J-

(+)

1
_J-_

a2+b2

OfuIz ON2 a2 62 a2 b2
ra : Otrfr ON2 : min(max) c=+
Ol,P + ON : MN : min(max)

suy

Ii
.}1

cfing trlc

s(OMAD

= max(min)

+MN
ZOM. ON = max(min)
.,

Tuy nhi6n, vi6c tinhMN2 = Olrt + ON2 cho

bidu thrlc phrlc tap, cdng k6nh hon bidu thrlc
oMz . oN2
2o), BAn Phan Dang Thei, 10T, Phan BQi
Chdu, Nq|O An vi m6t sd ban khric tim c6ch

tinh s(OMM) theo o, b vi g<ic o = (Ox, OM)

holc p - (Ox, ON) = *;,. Bing crich tinh
"
ndy, ta drloc
OtrrP

o2 b2

a2

c2 cos2.o '
az b2

ONZ =
a2

czcosz

(" *Z)

(trong dd c2 = a2 - b2

Hudng d6n gini : Phdn ldn cric em d6u

gidi beng phrrong phrip th6ng thudng : n6u sd
ild tpo inh, tlnh-k (qua hQ) theo d, (vi tri A-B
d6i vdi O,) vEr I (khodng cach OrO, ; dtra vio
bi'u thrlc tim dugc cria ft tim di6u ki6n dd &
kh6ng phu thuQc dt , tl d<j rrit .ra $6 tri cria
I vd sau dcj tinh e. Dd cho ldi giAi drroc gon
(vir kh6ns ohii thuc hi6n cdc nhdn tinh ohrlc
iap (vir dt'nhdm iAn)),'dd tirir z cr; thd'ti6n
hdnh, lfp lu{n nhrr sau, Ndu trl dinh B cia
vdt ta v'e tia 81 song song v6i truc chinh tdi
kinh O, , tia nAy bi khuc x4 thdnh tia /K di
t6i kinh O, ; tia /?( bi khric x4 qua.O2 thinh
tia KM di tdi kinh O, vd qua Ot ta c6 tia 16
MN di qua Anh B' cta B t4o bdi he. Vi vdy
mu6n hnh A'B' e'ia AB qua hG cci d6 cao vd
chi6u kh6ns ohu thu6c vdo vi tri cria AB tnr6c
01 thi tia lo"MN phdi'song song v6i truc chinh,
nghia ld h6 ba thdu kinh d<i phAi ld hQ vO ti6u.
IGi dd tia BI song song v6i trrlc chinh ccj thd
coi ld drroc phrit ia tt didm sring S d xa v6
cgc trCn truc chinh, vd tia 16 MN song song
vdi truc chlrrh cd thd coi la di t6i Anh S'cfia

S qua hO nim d v6 crlc. Gqi I Ia khoAng crich

OtOz , thi khoAng cdch OrO3 la 60 - l, vdi
di6u kiQn b < I < 60cm, ta cd : d., = o -.+l
d', : f, :30 crn
d,. = I - 30 ;'d,'^ : * --*
dj= fr'= 40cm ---r-d'z': (60 - l) - 40

Til

dd

d" d'.

tz=ffi2=20= (r - 30)-10(20 - r)

uxn

=4

i!\

z"z

- V
(2,
-+ U.,- = I^.2-^ = 100
Vd"sian d6 ??c to cho doan mach N R
" f= Ti *
= Ii + $ - Ztrtrsiryar(3) Thd (1) vdo (3)
vd lr:u y ,?"g Z(Zt - Z.t) = Zr,. syy ra

4't2

uNa
- u'*,
_ +l= -;-=0,5A.
Lc2

giAi ra ta drioc lr : 10cm vD. , = 4ocm. Ch 2

nghiOm d6u chdp nhdn dtroc. a{6i 11 = 10cm,
ta crj hinh v6 nhtr tr6n dtta vio hirih vE thdy
ngay Anh nSgc chi6u v6i vdt, vd, cri d6 cao

uNs

'.- r
rlf -- zr'
'2 -

I":

Zi2

V6 gian dd v6cto cho doan mach AB.

.aF : 4 .?Q7,."ry rak = -813.

Ttrong tU, v6i lc = 40cm, vC hinh nhu tron

tbay gid tia IK qu6'.E',,, tia KM cci dridng k6o
dbi qua F..,), ta thu dttlc Anh ngugc chi6u vdi

vAt vi k ": -213.

NhQn x6t : Cac em bo lc,i girii dring vit ggn: Ddo
Anh Duc 9'I'8, PTTH Phan BQ Chau,.Ngh$ Nr ; Lqc Vdn
Hao 92, tnlong Hdng Bnng. Q5, TP Hb C-hi }Iinh ; Huynh
Dang llAz, triong L? Quf Doq TP Di NIng ; I-? Hodi An,

It T.i, trui,ng chuy6n LUong Vdn Ch5nh. I'hri Y6n t, Hodng

.Trudng Son, l7Az. tnldng I.e Quy D6n 'tP
NIng : pirrh
'l
hi
Tti, 17A3,rndng Phan ('hiu lnnh. TI' Di NIng
Dodn Manh fhdng,l2Achuyn ban Huynh l hdc Khlrng. Vinh,
Ngh6 An ; OngQuangThdi, ilAr, tnldng l. Qu! {)Crn. [ong
An ; Ninh Hbng Phrk 1lT, Ng.ry6n Binh Khi6m, Vinh L<-rng ;
D(ng Thdnh N-am. l2A, tnld-ng; chuyn Vinh Phric ; Nguydn
Nam H8 12Ar,
rc Quy DOn, Thrii B.inh;NgriyCn
Thanh Vtt, 12A, truong chuyn Phan Ngqc I lidn, Cir Mau.

('irt

Mat kh6c Un*

I'l-fll

MAI ANH

BdiLZl240, Xdt

ud trong do

m.Qt nl.q,ch dien

nhu hinh

c=cr:2cz=srn;
L=i 2 H,Rt =Rz:2R2.
= Rz: 2Rz'
n.,

UeN

sin ( nl2 - nl}\

= ;i"
UNa\/
.1
+sina
= 7 vd siny = sin(a * 30o) ':
Ta cd sina

I)i

Tt

Uyn

srnT

sin30o

6.7

140V

dd

: 0,5 rl-z si"(too"t + nl3)(At

vi u' = 140 {Z sin 1002r(V)
Luu y ring giA thi6t Rr - R-t = ZR^lit, giti
thidt gid, kh6ng cdn sif dun[ den.-Ngoii
ra cd thd kidm tra duoc reng l. s6m pha
l^

so vdi z.

Nhin x6t. Cac em co I.,i gi6i drlng vd gon : Tihn

Mai Son'IId, 12CL, PTTH Neng khi"du Quiig Bin'h ; O4zg
Thdnh Nam, l2A. chuyn Vinli Ph-fc ; tktdig'lnrung Srrrl
12A:. trrldng I.e Quy D6n. TP Di NEng : Nguyrt HiQp Dbng.
11A, PTTII Qu.'!rnh'.I'ho. Qui,nh I'hu, Th6i Binh
MAI ANH

SU DUNG DINH

Li

...

(Tidp theo nang 1)

Bo qua di4n trd cia ampe hd, d.ay ndi ud

Dat uito hai ddu AB mQt hiu din
th'u =-(Jn sin 100nt Mt thi antpe kdchi 0,5A
uit d0 lQch pha giua u uit dbng diAn qua tu
C lit. nl?. Vidt bidu thic cia cudng dO dong
diQn qua tu C ud hiAu di4n thd hai diiu AB
theo thisi gian.
Hudng d6l S1ai. Tg^c^c; ^ZrL= 200Q ;.2,
Z; : lO0 Q ; Z, : 200 Q.'Goi Z,ld
tdne
=z-,=100oizr:200o.
, ld. tdni
trd
rrd iihanh NCrE_"4yr_E
Ia ig_l
d0 IQ_ch phh girta i,
vd u*ra : 2., = 1R' + (Zr - Zrr)' vdi R ld di6n
trd tuong drrong cria R1, R2, R3; sinp, =
zr. - z,t

)Y=-5=+A,'=2
(*) Cd nghiem X,

ii

cuQn ddy.

Z.'
t

?a lai cri

8+2

= ,

(loai)

x2=L?:z
-r)

tv

VAy nghiOm nguyn cria (1) vidt theo thrl

(x, Y) ld : (-2, 3) Q, -5).

Bni

tfp

6p
-Xdung !
e' Z"sao cho X2

1) Tlnr
phuong
-

t ,

la sd chinh

2) Giei ohtlonE trinh nsuv6n

Yz'= F Z (F: s6 "nguyen t6, k e N.r
3) Giei c6c-phrrong trinh nguy6n
a\ Xt + \Yt + 4YX - 2X - 6Y - 24 = O
b) ,F + af + GYX + 4x + 8Y - t7 = o

* -

P_ xyx+y+z
+yz +zx,
TRAN CHi HOA
(Quring Binh)

Bdi T71244: Cho day s6 {P(z)} duoc

dinh
nhrt sau
'P(1):1

x6.c

CAC T,6p THCS

B,di'lll244: X6t ddy-l sd
*x,
L l-x,
*'..i,r

xn

-*I'*:

I * xn_,
: 7-.;T -. trong
Ln-7
'

= l.P\n
4(n:-l)P(1)
v6imoin>2

P(n)

-*2'

X6c dinh P(n) theo

'

x, * 0 vd r, + +
Ching miph rdng xu,sj : x7
dd

DAM VAN NHi

Ghei Binh)

' Bei T8/244 : Cho

X,J

ln6,^l:--*
[u,\rt
'

".?,X,_?i

Bdi T21244 : Cho 3 s6 duong a, b, c

khOng l6n hon 1. Chrlng

11
a+b+c= B * (1 -

minh

a)(1

tiuy

hG phrrong

trinh hai dn

+ lF + t1 : yx
+x2+ {-r2+r.y +

lF

+(h-r) V;4=zyW

dinh k dd h6 phrrong trinh cci nghi6m.

2. Giei trg pt.rongirinn iOi k = 16]
1. Xric

-6)(1 -

, , N"

1.

NGUyrlN

- 1) + 2.P (ru - 2) +... +

c)

DOAN THfi PHIPT

(Nam pinh)

NcO vAN rsAr

Ghai Binh)

B,di Tgl244: Trong mQt tam giac drrng ba

drrdng trbn, m6i dudng trdn r-iy ti6p xuc v6i
hai canh eria tam giric vd ti6p ifc vdi drrdng
trdn n6i tidp tam giric dd. Tinh brin kinh dudng
trdn- n6i ti6p. tam giric theo c{c brin kinh rr,
r, vi, r, cua ba dttdng trdn ncii tr6n.
NGUYEN DE

NGUYEN vO I-IJoT.Tc
(Ha Noi)

Bni T41244 : Cho tarn gi6e ABC, didm D

tr6n canh AB, didm E tr6n canh AC. Tr6n
loen DE ldy cric didm M, N sao cho DM =
=^ NE Ggi P- Q l? cac giao didm trrdng
AN
rlng.cria c6c tia 4[, A!
^v6! !a"tr BC. Chrln[
minh rang ndu Bp < pe
thi .Pe < qC.

(Hii

Bei Tf 0/244 : Goi I vd R ldn ltrot la tdng_

dei c6c canh va Lan kinh m6t cdu ngoal
ti6p m6t trl di6n. H6i trong s6 c6c tf diCn] tti
di6n ndo dat giri tri,l6n nhdt crla ti sO f Va
f
tinh gr:1 tri l6n. nhdt dri.
d.O_

DAO AN NINII
(Ha Tay)

THAI VI6T.THAo
An)

(NghQ

Bdi T51244 : Cho tam giric ABC v6i c6c

trgng tuydn AA,, BB1, CCr. Ldy cric didm M
(nam gir.ra_A,-^B,) ;. N (nain gitra C, A,) p
;
(nanr girra B, C,). Tim giri tri b6 nhdt crid diOn

tich phdn chung ^cta hai tam gi6cA,B,C, vd"MNp.

BiSt reng di6n tich tam girtc aAC Uhn! t.

Hb euaNc vrNn
(NghQ

An)

CAC LoP PTTH

B,Ai TBl244 : Cho s6 drrong o. X6t cdc
drrong r, !, z th6a m6n di6u ki6n :

s6

cAc ob vAr il
B,iLi Lll244: A di v6 hrrdng D6ng v6i vdn
t6c kh6ng ddi yr : l5km/gid.? a plia Nam
c:ich A 6 km d6-ng thdi'chuydn d6ng ddu cri
vdn t6c Vz = 26km/gid, theo hudng tao vdi

phuong.chuy.{ aOl,S ciraA mOt

cacn nho nhat $Ua , Vt
r:.*chring
t!
- li 3km.

g6c

a. Khoing

il'xa" ai"ir t.iarrg

rr
';
di cU the- cta B (gcic i
a)?
I
2l Tinh thoi gian ,,.<ta-.'
B

2-

xy * yz * zx * -y12 - oz
Hay tim gi6 tri nh6 nhdt cta bidu thrlc

Phdng)

cdch

nirai m6t

khoAng nh6 nhdt.

NGUYEN CKONd MY
(He Tinh)
(Xem tidp trang 16)

t
wrmhBffiHmff

Hgt

t[n[s tuEerc

FON LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Tll244. Consider the sequence of numbers
1

*r,

t txz

x,.X. = =eP&z, X- 1-*, '*3

xn=

I +xn-,

T=?,
' *n-l

-*2'

- xr+ 0 and

of the rad.ii 11, 12, rr of

TlOl244. Let R and I denote respectiuely
the radius of the circum.s cribed sphere and
iii t"i of tnb sides of a tetrahedron.-For which

rgtio V attains its

ualue ? Calculate this ualue.

tetrahed.ron, the

"''

where

Tgl244. Constract inside a giuen. triangle

three circles, eorh of which is tang.ent to two
incircle.
iiaii of tnn irian ele'atcd tangent tolts in
terms
the incircle
Calculate the radius of'the
constructed circles'

xr*

greatest

+1.

Proue that xrrrnr,= xr.

TZl244. a, b, c are three arbitrary positiue
numbers not ex,ceeding 1. Proue that

11

.-

+ (1 -a)(1 -b)(1 -c).

T31244. SoLue the s.yslent of equotions
"3

A+O-fC

.=* B
(4xy+41x2+y2\*(x +y)z

1
)113
''

?-x

, *n:
b.
"point

the side
T41244. Let be giuen a
-D on
AB and a point E 6n the side AC of a triangle
ABC. TaEe the points M, N on the segment

DE such that DM : MN = NE. Let P, Q be

resoectiuelv the ooints of intersection of the
rais AM, "AN wiin the side BC. Proue that if
BP < PQ then PQ < QC.
T51244. Let bd giuen a triangle with its
ntedians AAt, BBt. eCt. M, N, P are orbitrary
points, M is between A and..B1, N is between,
C and. At, P is between B and Cr. Find' the
least ualue of the area of lhe comrnon part of
the triangles'A,B,C, and MNP, knowirtg that
the area of the triangle ABC is 1.
FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
TBl244. Let be giuen a positiue number'a ;
x, y, z are arbitrary positiue numbers satisfying
the corudition

xy*yz*zs,*ixyz=a2.
Find the least ualue of

x*ylz
' *y*yz*zx'

the ,expression.

ft(Ur+x2+{7+1)+(h-1) v;4 =
lr7.

= 2y
1) Deterntine k so that the system has
solu tions.

2) Solue the system

for h --

MQt bii toSn nOn xem

trai

Trono SGK Hhh hac 12 cua Nguyan Gia C& (NXB Gi6o
tang 42-43 c6 mOt phdn in ch0 nh6 nhu sau
duc 1992i
"Bei 'toen:. chn hai dadnlj thdng cdr nhau d) vb vl't
:

va
t6 ohuona tinh lbn luo iit Ax-+ By - C = Ocila
nY'.* B'v" + C'= 0. Moi dtrdng- rhdng qua+giao didm
(d) vd id ) cd phuong trlnh dAng Ax il + C =
1" 1A'x + B'y + C') vdi I e R.
Gill :
e
a) Ax + By + ( = (). (tl'x + llY - ()
yi4bl
+
i.(
(A
+
=
llll
)B)v
)..1'\x
til
Q
'* lltu' niln /1 - ).,1' vit il z.1l' kh6ng d6ng thQi beng

trinh (/)) le phudng trinh crla dudng.theng.

b) G6i tko, yo) lA biao didm cria (d) vit (d'i' 16 rAng
ld Ax'o + Syo + C =-0 vd A'xo + Byo + C'= 0'
Tr.t d6 suy ra

O, Phudng

' Axo + BYo + ( - i V'ro * B'Yq + (")=0

li l(xo. yo) e (t)):'
Ch0ng t6i'xin du6c g6p f nhu sau :. -,
phdrt
didm kh6ng chinn

nshia
-

ni6r-oli toin cO
1) Trono cAch
x6c. Cu the'le du6ng thdng ((/') cong lA mot dudng thang
di oua oiao diim cia (d) vA (d )' nhung phudng trinh ctia

n6 ' khl6ng thd c9 dalg Ax + BY + C

+ Bv * ('\ (v6i moi e R).
t (A'x
^ th6a dAng. boi 16 chua'2) Phdn'loi
oiAi b0nq chua

aaoilno"iiol'vEi"du t-,r" nao ioan. cu"tni! ta m6 cni

In5"i Xi"ri=Jd.t lprll pnJo.,s trlnh cria dr.tong thdng di
oua 6iao didm / cua (c/) vdr (d)-md chuta chtlng minh dudc
rirc,
' Eubng thdng qua / ddu c6 phudng trinh $ang (/)).
Theo-V ch0iq t6i, phdn bAi to6n n6n srta.cAu "poi
dudns-the;g quigiao'didm...." thAnh'tnqi dudng. theng
khAc-(r/) rI cji qu-a qiao diim..':vd phtln ldi giAi n6n
sia lai lioAn toan. Cndng t6i xin n6u FQt ldi giei nhu sau
d! cAc ban tham khAo vA cho f ki6n thOm
Goi (A) lA mOt dr.tdng thdng tliy ri kh{c (d') vA di q-ua
oiao didm lko, yo\ coa (r/) vit Ql'), l(x,,.vl) la mot diem
ifruoc (l), kiec 7. Ta dd f phr-tong trinh sau
tA'xt' 1 B'yt + (')(Ax + l)Y + C) :
:

T71244. Tlie siquence of numbers {ph)}

is defined by :
P(1) : 1,
'p(n)
= rp(n>-- r) + 2p(n-2)+ ..' + (z - 1)p(1),
n 2.
euery
'for Diteimine
p(n) for alt ru e N*.
TBl244. Let be giuien the following system
of equations of two tinknowits x, Y :
k(x2+ {ia+ w+l)=yx

10

KINH CAI CACH DAY VA HQC TOAN

.1

16.

= (Ax1 +'tsvt * C\(Ax : Bv + C)(1)

rri6c ndt, ti c6ch'Crrqn didni "f.-ta 3uy ta l * ld
Do d6 A'xt * B'yt * C' * 0. Ta d6 dAng dua phudng
(A'x + By + (\
tr}nh (t)
' vd dano Ax + By + C.: 4
blng ' c5ch 6hia cA' hai v6.. cria. (1) cho
)

A'x: * t)'yt + c'va dit r, =

do (d cdt (d*) nen AB'. * A'8, suy rq'(,4 .-

##i-,

Mat kh6c,

)t1 | vd (B '
,18')'(h6nq adnq tndi bdng 0. TrJ d6 de thAy (1) lA ph'Jdng
Cu6i cung, d-6 ki6m tra lai
-iii
. trinh c0a-mOt ?tldnq th{ng.
"n'grria

;ffi &;d i'na.ii i,

(A) vA

'

ta c6

q"rJ/

,a-1,

ta trirns vii

dPcm.

DOAN MAI
(He Noi)

DANH

cHo cAc BAN cHUAN Bl rHt vAo DAI Hgc

,)r,/./
rff[/#tr# ptr {p ffi{fitr pH,{Ar r# f,#N

NI{ir
vO o0c cANrr

.
Ddi vdi mQt sd bdi to6n vd cdc s6 cci vai
trb binh ding ngang nhau hodc gdn binh ding
vd c5c bii torin v6 hdm s5 tr6n m6t doan md
nci ccj gi6 tri l6n nhdt thi vi6c chon phdn tfi
I6n nhdt, hidu ln s6 l6n nhdt trong crlc sd dcj
hoac giri tri l6n nhdt cria him s6, c<i thd ldm
cho gii thidt cria bAi to6n duoc sdng t6 th6m
hay nhu drJdc "cho th6m gi6 thidt'. Tr) d<i ta
c<j thd thu duoc rn6t ldi giAi don giAn, 16 rang.
Squ dAy lA mdt sd vi du minh hoa.
Vi dq I z Cho a, b, c lit. 3 sd thttc thfu
man cdt diEu kifln : 0 < a,6, c S 1 ud. a*b
* c = 2. Chnng minh rdng.' ab * bc * ca >
20
2abc +

V.
Giii : Kh6ng mdt tinh tdng qurit, ta cri
thd gia srl o = ma+ {q, 6, c}. Khi d6 2 = a
+b +c ( &, suy raf
< .1. Do dci, ta
cri

=,

ab + bc

* ca -

Zabc

= a (b + c) + bc (1 -

2a)>a(2-,)+ (Tl, 1-zr7

20 +(3a-2)2(7-6a)
--20
27
108
27'
Trl dd ta cci di6ri phAi chrlng minh.'
Vi aq 2 : Cho S sd a, b, c th6a ntan 0 <
a, b, c < 2 uit a + b *c : 3. Chirug minh

rd,ng:a3+b3+c3<9.
Giii : Vai trb cir? q, b, c ld. nhtr nhau trong
bdi to6n n6n ta cci thd coi a = max io, 6, c)I
Khi dd 3 = a +b +c ( 3o,;suyra 1 < o <
2. Do dd, ta ccj

a3
a3

+ lb3 + c3 + Boc(6 + c)J

+ 1b * c)3 = a3 + 18 - e)3, suyra

a2 + (6 - a1? + zll - (6 - o)1. suy ra

a2 + b2 + c2( 2a2 - loq + 2G:14+2(a

-2)\a-3)<14
Tt

dd ta cd di6u phf,i cht?ng minh.

z Cho x) y ld. 2 sd thuc duong.
Chung minh rdng ludn tbn tai 1 trong 3 sd

Vi dq 4

23
-x'J * - co gia tri khdng nh6 hon 2.
Giii : Goi M le gie tri I6n nhdt trong 3
23*
sd"r, y,

N,

y,

1
r.t

GiA

srl M < 2, thi 0 < x < M < 2 vA 0

Y

<

y<M<2.Tildcisuyra
*
* 2323
+

' *' i'

z = 2' n6n M > 2'

Di6u mdu thudn d tr6n chrlng t6 di6u ma

ta vta gif, st ln sai
Yqy U > 2 vd ta c<j di6u ph&i chrlng minh.
Vi dU 5 tdd sci t00), Cho 0 < a, b. c <
1. Chtng minh riing co it nhdt nt1t trong s6
cd.c bdt dang thuc sau ddy ld. sai :

a(1- b) > 4; b(1- c) > 4; c(l - o), 4.

Gi&i : GiA srl o = max {a, b, cl , suy ra

0<c(on6n

c(l -o) < c(1 ")

:i-

(" -

i)'c(l=1,a)

, aI la sai. VAy ta cci di6u phAi chrlng minh.

Vi dr.r 6 (d6 s6 137) : Tim ci, b, c d,d
lA3 +anz +bx *cl < I u6i m.oi x e [-1 ; 1].

di6u ndy cri nghia le bdt ding thrlc

Gi6i : GiA stt tdn tai e., b, c th6a mdn

ki6n bii torin.
Dqftfiu-t = 4x3 + aez * bx * c vi
M = max lfG)l Khi dd, ta cci :
x[-1 ;l] _
6M

.9+9(o-1)("-2)<9.
" Tn d<j ta crj di6u phAi chrlng minh.

> t(l)t. +

t/(-l)t

z lf (-i) I ,
> tf(r) -f(- t) -2f (*)

di6r1

. rlf (;)l

Vi ag 3 : Cho a, b, e ld 3 s6 tty y thu6c

doan [1 ; 3] th6a m6n o *6 *c = 0.
Chrlng minh ring a2 + b2 + c2 < 14.
Gi4i : Vai trd c:iua a, b, c ld nhu nhau n6n
ta c<j thd gii stt o = max {a, b, cl
Khi dd 6 = a+,6 +c < 3o, suy ra 2 < a
< 3. Do dci, ta
cri :
az +b2 +c2 +z(b -1)(c - 1)
a2 + 1b + c)2 + ztt.*(b +c)l

t11

9q.(z-q+(+)'=g-zo1

(Ha Noi)

=
=

Suy ra M
va chl khi :

{r,,r
10,,,

>-

lr-,)l

- /(- r) i

*rr'fi)l :

l. Ddu ding

o.

thrlc xAy ra khi

: l/()l = l/(-;) I = * =,

.1.
(r) ,r

(-;)

ting,{Oi

mOt,c<i tich. kh6ng

im.

11

I
I

[o,, = -r,- t) =

lo,,

= -/(- t)

{a: c:
ola
= -s

-I Gl
-rf

t til

: rf -)

ll

4>4IuI>
tnrrt + lr(o)l

=1

_1

. | -r!tY)l,

- ,r (+)l

=+
Suy ra phAi xAy ra ddu ding thrlc trong

lrrrr

re)

dey bdt d6ng thrlc tr6n

t"

MAt kh6c, tt giA thidt suy ra M < 1. Do

dd, plei c6 M =1 vn phAi xAy ra ddu d6ng
thrlC trong dey bdt ding thric tr6n, tric ld o
: c = 0 vi6 = -3. V6i a : c = 0 vdb = -3
thi vdi msi r e I-1 ; 1l ta cd thd d4t r :
cosd. Khi dd lqr3 + as,2 + bx + cl =

l4*3-1xl = l+cor: -3cosel = lcosSal

< 1.
Ylry c1,c g75, tri cdn tim lir o : c : 0 vd b
- -3.
Vi au 7 de s6 141) : Xac dinh thant s6 a
dd gid. tri l6n nhd.t cfia hitnt s6 y =
l3r2 - 6x * 2a - Iludi-Z<x<Sd.qtgid.
tri nh6 nhd.t.
Gi6i : Dat f(x) = k2 - 6x * 2a - 1. Gqi

M ld. gia tri ldn nhdt cia hdm

v:lf@llvdi-2(r(3.

sd

tquy rrbc s6 0 cd thd mang ddg+ honc ddu

-)

_ _1a

<+

lIla = I-8
l0 =

1. V6i m6i r t-1 ; 11, dat a

- 8x2 +
ta cos J = cosd.
Va l(x)l = lScosaa - 8cos2a * 1l =
lcos4al <
Vay gi6 tri cdn tim la o : -8, b = l.
8x4

BDCCosfr

Cudi cilng, xin

gti

c6c ban ur6t sd bdi to6n

lfez)-f(r)l=27.
dd luy6n t4p phrrong phrip dd nu.
27
Bei l. Cho 3 s6 a, b, c th6a rn6n di6u ki6n
Suy ra M > j vit ddu bang xAy ra khi vi
1(o,b,c(3vlo1'b*c=6.

Chrlng minh ring a3 + b3 + c3 < 36.

Bai 2. Cho 0 4 a, b, c < 1. Chrlng minh
ring it nhdt cd m6t trong sd c6c bdt ding

chi khi

l.

27

llfeal=lrr1)l:M=-zo
lf(-z) t-r(l)l > o
lzt

ln-zl=-/(l)=t
i

= -/(1) =
VeD
L
ro

Khia =
l/tsr11

-f

tni M

-izToa

> 27; c(l - a)" >

b(l - c\'^4^4

-;

>l

=maxllfeDl, l/tr;;,

| = +.

Vfy gi6 tri cira a cdn tim Ii , : -+.

Vi drr 8 (Dai hqc Ngoai thrrong Ha NOi *
1996). T)m a, b sao cho lSxa + axz + bl <

ludimgixe[-1 ;1]
Giii :

"X6t hdm s6 f(r) = 8r4 + ox2 +

ring tdn tai hax l11x1l = Y
x[-l;l]
theo Eia thi6t thi M <
Do M ="max lf1"r,)l ncn

vi

x[-1;1]

Do dci, ta c6

t2

b. D6 thdy

1.

>

tri nh6 nhdt.

UNG DI.JNG TINH CUA]

(Tidp theo bla 1)

Tnm ti ctl cria h didm cri rlng dung kh6

nhi6u trong vi6c gihi circ bii to6n hinh hoc.
Ndu cac ban chiu khd ddu tu suy nghi v6 vi6c
6p dung niry s6 girip cric ban thinh cdng khi
tim c6c ldi giai bii torin ma nhi6u khi phuong
ph6p tdng hop t6 ra it ccj hi6u quA..Chric cric
ban thanh c6ng :

(*) Vdi bo KI, K2, ..., x, ,

2K,

i=1

rffi\r

vd *, l; ifl

Bei 4, Tim nz dd gi6 tri l6n nhdt cira hdm

s6y = lx2 - 4x t ml vdir c-[1 ;4] dat giri

M > lf9)|,
M

27.

Bei 3. Chtlng minh rdng v6i moi a, t, lu6n

tdn tai c [-1 ; 1] sao cho l2a2 * ac + bl

1e

+ 0. Didnr

O tdn tai duy nhdt dtroc goi In tAm tj, ctl ctta
h6 didm A1,A2,,..,A, :ung vdi hO sd tj' cu

K1rK2r,..,Kn,

,Aff\

clj0c ffit

0ffiplc I0Iil c]lf,tl [ - Illfl

Blt{lt num0 ffipilt0}

fvfrlw /eeT
NGUYEN VIET HAI
CuQc thi Olympic Todn chAu A - fnai gintr
Duong (tidng Anh Ie The Asian Pacific

Mathematics Olympiad, vidt t6t la APMO) dtrgc

td chrlc ldn ddu ti6n vdo nam 1989 do s6ng
ki6n cria Gi6o su todn'hoc ngrrdi Oxtralia Peter
O'Halloran, v6i srl tham gia cria 4 dOi : Oxtralia,
Canada, Hdng COng, Singapo. Ddn nam 1990
-cci 9 d6i tham dtr vd
nd.m 1995 cd 13 d6i. CuOc
thi APMO ldn thrl tAm (1996) cci 14 d6i, trong
dd ddi Vi6t Nam tham gia thi ldn ddu di dat
sd gi&i tdi da dirnh cho m6i ddi ld t huy chrrong
vdng,2 huy chuong bac, 4 huy chrrong ddng

vi'3

chrlc APMO qudc t6 c5n crl vio c5c didm s6

cria tdt cd cdc ddi dd tinh didm trung binh
(M) vd tt drj tinh didm tdi thidu d6i vdi m6i
loai huy chuong. Cac hoc sinh khdng drtoc huv
chrrong trong 10 hoc sinh cao didm nhdt crla
m6i d6i,'nhrrng c<j sd didm cao, hoac gi&i tron
vgn it nhdt 1 bai thi duoc tang bang khen
danh dtt.
K6t qui cu6c thi APMO ldn thrl 9 (nnm
1997) nhrr sau :
- Sd hoc sinh gti bii cho Ban td chrlc APMO
qu6c td (n = 195)
- Sd doi dU thi : 20.
- Didm s6 trung binh m = 10,70.
- Didm t6i thidu d4t huy chuong vdng (V) :

bang khen danh dtr.

thi APMO ldn thrl 9 td chfc vi.o tudn
thf hai cria thring 3 n6m 1997 cd 20 dOi tham
drr, trong dci c<j nhrrng nu6c d ngodi khu vrtc
77,25
chdu A - Th6i Binh Duong nhrr Achentin+ (b6n
- Didm tdi thidu d4t huy chrtong bac (B)
bd Dai TAy Duong) Nam Phi, Trinidat TObagO
12,88
(chAu Phi).
' Hgc sinh phAi lim 5 .
bii to6n trongi 4 gid. 56
TT
len oor
n
V
m
B
D
BK
didm t6i da cria m6i hoc
1
Achentina
10
9,9
1
2
1
2
sinhld:Tdidmx5bai
Cu6c

35 didm. d m6i nrroc

cci khoAng tr6n dudi 40
hgc sinh du thi. Ban
Gi6m khAo cta m6i nudc
khi nhdn bAi cta Ban td

chrlc APMO qudc t6 s6

dich bdi ra tidng nrrdc
minh grli cho thi sinh vi
chdm bdi cria hoc sinh
nrrdc minh theo drip rin
cria Ban td chfc APMO
qudc td, sau dcj chon ra
10 bai cd didm iao nhdt
dd brio c5o cho Ban td
chrlc APMO qu6c td theo
thd tu x6p hang tr] I ddn
10, ddng thdi grli kBm

bin photocopy cric bhi

xdp hang 1,3,7. Ban td

2
3
4
5
6
7

0xtraylia
Canada

chil6
Colombia

Hdng COng
Ind6n6xia
M6hie6

Niu DilAn

10

POru

'11

Philippin
Ddi Loan

1.2

13

t4
15
16

t7
18
19

20

' Hin Qu6c

. Singapo

Nam Phi
Sri Lanca
Thrii Lan I
Trinidat T6bag6
Hoa Ki
Vi6t Nam

10
10
10
10
10
7

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

8
10
10
10
10

13, L

13,8

4r5
7,7

0
0

14,9

5,6
5,5
7,5

0
0
0
0
0

8,1

5,5
2L,0

15,1
14,0

6,5
3,3
8,9

0
0
0

5,3

2l,l

.1

1e;3

2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
0
0
o

4
4
0
4
4
0

0
0
3
2

0
4
2

4
2
4
4

2
1

3
0

0
2
2

4
4

-0

3
2
3

'3

1&

- Didm tdi thidu dqt huy

chriong ddng (D)

8,51.

Kdt qui c,ua cdc dQi nhu bAng tr6n (trong

drj rn li didm trung bin-h cira d6i, BK ld bang
khen)
Cu6c

thi APMO ndm 1997 I ViCt Nam cd

sd tham gia cta 27 d6i g6m 52 thi sinh (m6i

1
3
3

Quang ll6in
I Vn ]1ai SAtr

l-CI

lNguyan Tri Dring

I xguyon Dang 'fruc

I tl

,i
|
I, Ii'han 1.6 tlirng I

G iTran },linh Anh I

i I Ngrryen Ngoc l-lung1
a I Ngu.l'On itru Hdi i
I IPh+m Huv Tung
t0 i Trinh Fli-ru Trung !
J

Sau dAy Ie dd

12

tZ
12

DHQG rp I{d Chi Minh

lriam f)inh
]IHSP Vinh
Phu Tho
nH KHTN nHQG He N6i
HA NOi

Eiang khen

DH KHTN DHQG FIA NOi

in
ii

Ilang khen

Thanh llcia

1?

Blng

QuAng Ngai

i
I

i
I

kiren

thi cria cuQc thi Olympic to6n chAu A - tnai Binh Drrong, ldn thrl 9, nim 1997

li1'
l-

2n
a

ddu ding thrlc xdy ra khi vd chi khi ABC

Id tam gi6c ddu.
Bei 4 : Tam gldc ArArA-, vu6ng t4i A.,'

vi

J_-

trong dd miu s6 cria sd h4ng thrt n c{ra tdng

d vd phAi ding thrlc trn ld tdng c5c s6 r,ghich
dAo cira cac "s6 tam gi6c" 7^1, T2r..., ?n. ('Sd
tam gi6c" ?u ld tdng tdt cA, cdc sd trr nhi6n
tt 1 ddn ft). Chrlng minh ring S > 1001.
Bdi 2 : Tim sd nguy6n n, vdi 100 < z <

+2

nap
Drlng c6c didm A, + 1 (n 2, 3) bang
"Qry
nhu sau : Att + t li chAn dudng vu6ng gdc h4
tr) A, xu6ng dudng thing 4, -zAn - t
a) Chrlng minh rang ndu qu6 trinh d<i dttoc
tidp tuc mai thi cd m6t vd chi mQt di6'm P
nim b6n trong moi tam gi6c Au-2A,,-tA,

(n >

3).

'l) Git A, vi A, c6 dinh, tim quy tich c6c

didm P khi A2 ldy moi vi tri cci thd drroc trong

m6t phing.

crrng la s6 nguydn.

Bei 3 : Cho tam girlc ABC n6i tidp

rnQt

vi dat
, -tuo
,u,
uo
- -Mo' "h, --*o
Mh, -*'
Mr'
trong dci ffia,ffib,nz. li dO dii cric do4n ph6n
giac trong k6' tt dinh ddn c4nh ddi di6n cta
:

tam gi6c, cdnMr,Mb,Mc le d0 dai cdc do4n

phdn gi6c trong kd tt dinh ddn giao didm cria
dudng phdn gi6c dd vdi dudng trbn ncji tr6n.
'
Chrlng minh rang :
lc
l,t
tb
.....---:.---..- -r
-r'-----;- - o
----:sinlA sinrB sinzC
t4

tsac

18

1l

''B'6'"'i993oo6

drrdng trbn

I{C

HC lldng
HC il6ng

12

I{C iliing

iE

11
1* 1 +5f + t*...
1 *5
6

sao cho
1997,'n

9n

HC Bac

F.lC ll$ng;

1
1 f

no

IaL vanFr

iri

'Ihanh Hriir

12

24

L-lAl

19

Bhi I : Cho

S:1*

Oidm

Dan vi

I:lc: vd t6n
I

A trong ki thi hoc sinh gi6i qudc

gia duoc crl kh6ng q:ud 2 hoc sinh).
Danh srich vd kdt quA ctra c5c hoc sinh Viet
Nam dU thi Olympic To6n chdu A - tnai ninfr
Drrong
(X6p theo thf.tg didm).

dQi d bAng

' Biri 5 : Gie st c6 n em hgc

sinh

Ay,A2, ...,An (n > 3) ng6i quanh bin trbn vi

em A, cti o, vi6n bi sao cho
a, * a, + ... + a, = nN, trong dri N li m6t
s6 nguyOn drrong.
Dd cho cu6i cing c6c em cci s6 bi bang nhau,
m5i em A,.cci thd drra cho ho6c nhdn tt m5i
em A; , vir A, + 1 ngdi k6 b6n m6t s6 vi6n bi,
trong d<i A, *, coi Id Ar vd A, ai l An.
H6i crj thd thuc hi6n cach chuydn bi nhu
thd nio dd tdng sd c6c vi6n bi drtoc chuydn,
tinh vdi s6 ldn chuydn chfng, la tdi thidu ?

h&us

w$ ffir$fi
$ffi rrt&'rryrau
!t
NGUY6*,,fXftS,*'*"

. Ay ld tOi mu6n n<ji v6 bdi : "Md rQng bdi

thi to6n Qudc td 1992" cria hoc sinh Nguy6n
Tudn Hii, da drroc dang tr6n Tap chi TH &
TT s6 7(241)11997. Trong bdi brio dci, xudt

phrit tr) :
, Bei torin I : Cho 9 didm trong kh6ng gian,
trong dci kh6ng cd 4 didm ndo nim trong cing
mdt mat phing. Tdt ch nhtrng didm ndy d6u
duoc n6i vdi nhau ttng cap bang doan thing.
M6i doan thing hoac duoc t6 mdu xanh, hoac
miu d6, ho6c kh6ng dudc tO mdu. Tim sd ft
nh6 nhdt sao cho vdi moi crich t6 mdu ft doan
thing tiy y, ta d6U tim duoc mdt tam gidc cci
c5c canh cirng miu. (BiLi 3 - DA thi IMO lggl).
N.T.Hei da dd xudt vi giAi quydt :
Bhi to6n 2 : Cho z didm trongkh6nggian
(n >- 6), trong dci kh6ng crj 4 didm ndo ddng
phing. Tdt cA nhting didm ndy d6u duoc n6i
vdi nhau trlng cap bang doan thing. M5i doan
thing hoac drroc tO bdi m6t trong hai mdu
xanh, d6 hod.c khOng drroc t6 miu. Tim s6 ft
nh6 nhdt sao cho vdi moi crich t6 mAu ft doan
thing tiy y, ta ddu tim drroc mOt tam giric cci
cdc canh cirng mi.u.
Biri to6n 3 : Cho nL, rL e N-. Cho m mdu
va cho n didm trong kh6ng gran, mi khOng
cri 4 didm ndo d6ng phing. TdticA nhung didm
ndy ddu dttoc ndi v6i nhau ttng cap beng doan
thing. M6i doan thing hoac drroc t6 b6i m6t
fiong ru. mdu d5 cho, ho6c kh6ng drroc t6 miu.
Tim s6 ft nh6 nhdt sao cho v6i moi c6ch t6
mdu & doan thing tiry y, ta d6u tim duoc m6t
tam gi6c c6 circ canh cirng mdu.
Vi6c giAi quydt Bdi toan 2 drroc N.T.HAi
th.uc hi6n bdng crich chfng minh hai m6nh d6

(M.D.) sau

' Vdi *Si

n2 -gn +lz

M.D.I :
f(rt) =

crich

doan thing

t0

mdu

tiy y, ta ddu

tim duoc
-f mdt tam giSc c6 3 canh cr)ng miu.
M.D.2; Tdn tai m6t crich t0 mdu fln) - I
doan thing sao cho kh6ng ccj tam giSc ndo cri
3 canh cirng mdu.

Cd thd thdy, ndu di theo hrtdng tr6n thi

M.D.2 ld mOt "cta Ai" trong qud trinh c6ng
pha Bdi todn 2. M6t phriong phdp vudt qua
"cta Ai" ndy trong cdc trfdng hop ri6ng, khi
n = 6,'V,8,9, 10, da drroc G.S. Hodng Ch(ng
trinh bny trong bdi b5o "Nhdn rn6t bdi thi hoc
sinh gi6i" (xem TH & TT s6- 6(192)/1993, trang
1-3). Ve, N.T.Hai dd st dung chinh phriong
phrip dri dd vrrot qua "crla Ai" ncii tr6n trong
tnrdng hop tdng qurit. Cu thd, sau khi khdLng
dinh tinh dring din cria M.D.2 trong c6c trtrdng
hop z = 6, 7 (bang cric kdt quA md G.S. Honng
Chung de chi m), N.T.Hai vidt tiSp (xin trictt
nguyAn uan) : "Vdi khang dinh dtlng d.uoc udi
n didnr, ta xdy dung cdch t6 ntau cho h * 1.)
didnr nhu sau : Chqn didnr Ai nd.o do
(, i 1,2,...,ru)) md no ndi udi n - 1 didm
hhac trong he n didnt. A,. Ta khOng tO m.itu
An * 1A;cdn An * tA1 (l * i) duoc tO cilng rndu
udi A,Ai. Khi dd trong hG (n + 1) didm s6
doan th&ng duoc t6 miru la
n(n - lt
- (n -5) +(ru - 1) = f(n + l) - |
:

z'

md, khdng c6 tam, gidc

malt".

ntit co 3 c.qnh citng

Thidt nghi, chung ta cdn phAi hidu thuAt

todn t6 md.u, mi N.T.Hai dE mO tA d tr6n,
mOt cd.ch 16 ring hon nhtt thd nay : "GiA sr},
vdi hO g6m n didm (ru > 6) ta dd cci di6u cdn
chrlng minh (tric M.D.2). X6t he gdm rz + 1
didm 41, A2, ...,An,An+ I ve tdt cit c6c doan
thhngAlAl,mi 1 < I <7 < ru + 1. Drra vio giA
thidt quy n4p, ta t6 mdu f(n) - 1 doan thing,
mi cA 2 ddu mrit cria.m6i doan d6u thuOc tdp
didm i Ar,A2,...,Anj, sao cho kh6ng cci tam
giric nio cci 3 canh cing mau. Chon di6'm A,,
i e { 1, 2,-!), md tdt ch. cac doan thing
Ai\, i = l,n vdi *. i, d6u dE drroc t6 mau.
(Ta s0 gqi mQt didm A, nhrr thd ld didm. ddc

bieL). Tidp theo, hhOng,tO ntdu

doan

)
15

r-

i = 1- n vi
cira do4n A;Aj". Tt cSch hidu

A,r+1Ai vi t6 m6i do4n

Ar, *yA1,

thik : f Tl *
L4t

j * ibdi mau
niy (ma theo t6i, d<j ld cSch hidu

drlng duy
.nhdt), d6 thdy : Cach ching min.h M.D.2 cila
N.T.Hdi chi ding, khi Vn >- 6 trong hQ gbm
n didnt. lu6n tbn tai didm. dQc bilt. Vd, v6 c6c
didm ddc bi6t, chring ta c6
1) Sd didm dq.c biQt cila hQ gbm. 6 didm
biing 4. (Di6u nny duoc suy ra tt tinh dring
d6n ctra M.D.z trong trtrdng hqp n = 6).
2) 36 didm ddc bi1t (ndu co) ci'a hQ gbnt.
n didnr nhiu hon sd di6nt dq.c biil cfia hQ
gbrn n + I didnt dung 1. (Di6u ndy dugc suy
ra tt viQc doc chQm thuit torin t6 miu cta
N.T.Hai, md t6i vta trinh biy lai d tr6n l).
Hai nh$n x6t don giAn tr6n dAy cho thdy :
ndu n > 10 thi trorug ha gbm. n didnt khOng
c6. d.idnt dlc bi1t. Vd vi thq ddi uoi Biti toan
2, ngoiti cdc kdt qud, m.d. G.S. Hod.ng Chnng
da chi ra, N.T.Hd.i nrdi chi d.ua ra tham duoc
nl|t kdt qud. n.h6 : M.D.l.
Ta chuydn sang bin vd Bdi torin 3. D6i vdi
bii torin niy, N.T.HAi dd cho kdt qui sau
"Nau rr < u,r, thi Biti tod.n kh6ng c6 ldi gid.i,
:

na'u n > u,,,

thi P : f(n, nr) ; trong dci

1-

f(n, nt\ = , . (n' - 3n + 2u,rr) uit ur, ld. sd didnt

it nhtit sao cho udi m,gi cd.ch d.itng nt.m.du d.d
tO tdt bd cd.c d,oan th&rug n6i 2 didm. trong cac
didm do lu6n tbn tai m6t tant giac co 3 canh
cirng nrd.u". Va, N.T.Hai d6 chrlng minh kdt
qui tr6n bing phuong phAp, hodn toan tlldng
tu phuong ph6p giei Bii toSn 2.Bdith6, hhOng
thd n6i, rang N.T.Hdi da gid.i duoc Biti toan
3. Tuy nhi6n, dung nhtl N.T.Hei da nhin x<it,
trong trudng hgp ri6ng, khi tu: u, thi
k - f(u,,, m). Do dd, khi phAn tich ldi giAi Bdi
to6n 3 bang crich tudng tU nhu c6ch phAn tich
ldi giai Bii torin 2 6 ttln, ta s6 thdy : ndu
u* 4 tu < 2(ur, - 1) thi 1x = f(n, nz) ln kdt quA
,dring. Vi vay, phni khing dinh, ring N.T.Hdi
da gid.i duoc Biti toan. 3 trong cac trudng hop
ring, khi n < Z(u,r,- 1).
D6' kdt thuc bii vi61 ndy, tOi xin n<ii d6i
di6u v6 mQt dcing grip quan trong hon cA cira
N.T.Hai cho vi6c'san lung ldi giai cdc Bii to6n
2, 3. D6ng e6p dy ndm d ldi dd nghi trong
phdn cudi bii b6o ctra N.T.Hai : "Cdc b4n hey
thtt chrlng minh rang trong tnrdng hQp nz = 1
16

bAn

1". (Thaycho."ft",

Ii "f(n)" - N.K.M.). Ket

trongnguyon

quA ma N.T HAi

n6u ra trong ldi d6 nghi tr6n li m6t kdt qui

quen bi6t, da duqq nha toan hoc P.Turan chtlng
minh va cOng bd viro nam 1941. Bdi thd, tOi
d6ng y v6i N.T.Hni, d dAy ban doc n6n tht
chrrng minh srl trirng hop, khi tn : 1, girla
kdt quA cria N.T.HAi vd kdt quri cira P. Turan
- mQt kdt quA da drroc c6ng nhQn. Ncii m6t
c6ch kh6c, "ban doc hay thit ching ntinh rorug '

rr

-Bn +2u,', = lT] + r vrz 2 u t : 3"

Cric ban hoc sinh thin mdn, xin chuc c6c b4n
thu duqc nhi6u di6u bd ich vi Ii thri qua ioi

i,,"'

d6 ngh!, trrdng nhrt b6 nh6, tr6n

t)I: RA Ki NA\'

dAY.

...

(TidP thut trang 9)

BiLi T-21244 : Cri mQt ngudn diQn U dao

d6ng trong khoAng 24OY + 120Y,1 ngilt K
vi 5 dbn : 2 dbn Rt, R2 ghi (120.V - 120 W),
2 ddn R7, R4 ghi (120 V - 60 W), i ddn.Rr'
YOu cdu kh0ng den ndo drloc s6ng qud dfnh
mfc. Hny
1) M6c mOt mach sao cho
- Khi U = 240 V, vd md K, chi cd RrR,
sring dring mfc.
- Khi U = 220 V, dcing K, chi cci R, sdng
dung mfc
- Tr) dd tinh R..
2) M6c m6t mach sao cho
- Khi U = 2lO V, dcing.K, chi c6 R3, R4,
R, s6ng dung mfc.
- Khi U = 180 V, md K, chi cd RrRos5;ng
dring mfc.
- Tt dd tiilh hi6u di6n th6'dinh mrJc vd
cOng sirdt dinh mrlc ctra R-r.
3) M6c mach diQn ccj th6m bi6n trd R sao
cho khi u thay ddi tt 240 y ddn 120 v, srl
dung.R v6n lu6n lu6n ccj Ry R2, Rr, 8o s6ng
dting mrlc
- Tinh gi6 tri ldn nhdt crla .B
- Tim di6u kiQn dd ci R, crlng sring dung
:

mrlc
TRAN VAN MINH
(r{e Noi)

fruu DUNE rlrun cnnl TIM TI GU

I

ouAcH GrAN(;

Pai vidt ndy n6u vi6c rlng dUng m6t tinh

chdt TAm ti cu cira nC AiAr" AA eiai m6t s6
bii torin irinh hoc phing cting nhrr f.h ong gian.
1. MQnh dd :
GiA stl A; (i = I, 2 ..., n) ld he z didm
trong kh6ng gian ccj tinh chdt sau : t6^n tai
m6t didm O vd n sd thuc duong kr, k2, ..., kn
sao cho

) ki.MAi>l>kil.f,(1)

i:1
l:1
Ddu bang xAy ra khi vd chi khi

M=

Chrlng minh :
Vi OAi = R vi ki, O n6n ta cci
ki . MAi- 14
. n, .ltvt-t,l ,lOA,l
.hi.lMA,l
t4
,lo-1) >
..-+

Giii
O

, u! klMAi %' :
= 1lR.MO ht.OA,+A

tla . ki . (a,To + o-4,1 . o-Ai =,G = t,2.)(2)

Tt

(2) ta

cci

fln

2
l=

u, .MAi

> 1/R () h,

kinh r, Ai Ai *, tiep xuc voi duong trdn tai

B, (.i : 7, 2 . tu, A,, +t =AtJ

&,) t nR ;

ring

2a,o, + 1 . MB > 2.n.r2.tg tln

i=1
di6"m M trong kh6ng gian.

(i = l, 2, ..., rr)
tln

Thi ta cd:

tdng
hop d0'giAi s6 rdt vat vA.
Vi du 2 .. Trong mAt ph6ng cho da gid.r:
At Az A,, ngoai ti6p drrong trdn tAln O bdn

Chting rninh

2 k,. oZ = o-t*t
". i=l
b. OAi = R

(Ninh Binh)

Tt (4) vd (5) ta cci dpcm.

Bii torin nAy ndu dung phtrong ph6p

: Dat y = 2A,A,
i=1

v6i

moi

*, . o-h, Goi q,, D,

phep q.uay tAm O vdi gcic guay -90o_p6 dang

thdy rang Qo(AiA,*r.OGS =, .AAl*1 (, :
1, 2 ..n ) nn ta cci
-n
: e,, (AiAi* , . o-h,1 =
Q,

(i )
;-1

, i=1tornl.r=b:
+

(B)

I
r- I
Tr) tfnh chdt a va (B) + (1) drinS. Ddu
=
trong (1) xAy ra khi vA chi khi MA, s-"ong
song
cing chi6u v6i dA, v6i rnoi i = I,2 .. n *M

Do dci u = 0. Md theo gi6 thiet ta co

OBi= r (i - 1,2 .n ) n6n af dung m6nh d6

tr6n ta cci :
fi,,

>r

2A,A,+1.M8
>AiAi*r
: o (4pcm).
r--l
t
^
Dat BiOBi+1=2X,
2:
(i = 1, 2..n;
dqng : Tt m6nh d6 rr6n ra giAi duoc
lp
m6t
ldp czic bii tozin hinh hoc nrA
Bn+t= Bl). DO ddng thdy rang 0 < Xi< nl2
"ie"-;tJ;;;
phuong. phrip tong hop de giai cdc-UX
toa, vdA,A,+1 : r (tgx,
(6)

nay nhleu khi het sric khci khan. Sau dAy

ld
m6t s6 vi du.
Vi au l: Cho trl di6n gdn d6u ABCD. Goi
a, b: c la dO dei cd"c cdp canh d6i din.
Chfng minh rang :
MA + MB + MC + MD.> \fr@iF + c1Vi ABCD ld tf di6n gdn d6u nOn trong tam
trtn_g tdm O cta mAt cdu ngo4i
* t!t-rf di6n
tidp
di6n nghia ld ta cd :

OA+OB+OC+OD=6

oA=oB:OC:oD:R

l9n dp dqng m6nh d6 tr6n ta cd

MA+MB+MC+MD>4.R,(4)
Ddu = xiry ra+M - O. D6 dang tinh drroc

: 8= r2tf@lpT$p

tac6:

+ tgxi

+1)

Do vay tr) (6)

d,a, + 1 .MB. > 2l2 tgxi > 2.n.r.tg

i:2 I

(theo bdt Jensen).

(trln)

__ Ddu - xiy ra khi vA chi khi M: 0 vi

Xi = nln <"=M tring O vd ArA, . A, ld. c1a gi:ic
d6u (dpcnr)
Vi du S.' Cho hinh chcip tam gi6c d6u S.ABC
ngoqi ti6p mat cdu tdm O Uan Hnfr r. Goi
S1,A1,B1,C1ld didm ti6p xric cria m6t
uji
m4t ddi di6n vdi cric dinh S, A, B, "a,
C. Goi
Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4ld di6n tfch cdc *at
tirrt
chdp ddi di6n voi dinh S, A, B, C. ",i"

Chrlng minh ring :

Qr. US, + Q2. MAr+ Q: . MBr +
+ Q4 . MCr > 24.rf3 . 13
Giii : Theo dinh li con nhim cho trl di6n
tac<i;
---) --,
- + Qr. OCr=
- + Q3. OBt
O
Qr . OS, + Q, . OAt
Mat khdc ta ccj
OSr : OAt = OBt: OCL- r
n6n theo m6nh d6 tr6n ta cri
Qr.Msr+ Q. MAt + Q3.MBt +
(7)
+ Q4. MCt > (Q, + Qz+ Qt + Q.r) r
Goi u lir gric tao bdi rnat b6n vi d6y hinh
ch<ip ta d6 dnng chr:ng minh dtloc rang
Qr+ Qz + Q. + Q,:: Qr. (1 + licosz) ,i
:

Qr:3.{5.rr.cotg(ulL)
Do vdy tii (7) ta cd
:

Q, ..tZS, + Q2. MAr + Q3. MBt +

+ Q4.MCr > 3.\i5 . 13 cotg ul2 1t + 1/cosu);(S)
Dit r: tgulZ vi 0 < u < 90" n6n 0 < r

<ltacri

cotg ul2 (1 + licosu)

:21x.(l

Tt (8) vd (9) suy ra dpcm.

-r)

> 8 ;(9)

Do khuOn khd bai b6o ndn t6i chi drJa ra

mQt s6 vi du 6p dung mQnh dd tr6n ld m6t
tinh chdt ctra m6t hO didm cci tim ti cu c6ch
ddu h6 didm da cho vi hO sd ti cU dudng. C6c
bdi to6n tr6n ndu srl dung phrrong phdp tdng
hop dd giAi ta se gap kh<j khen kh6ng nh6.
Sau dAy Ii mdt s6 bdi tdp mi ldi giAi s6 rdt
gon ndu str dung mQnh d6 1
Bari I : Cho tam gidc nhon ABC ndi tidp

dridng trbn tAm O bdn kinh R. Hhy tim gia

tri b6 nhdt cria dai lttong sau :
S : /g 412. (MB + MC) + tg Bl2 (MC + MA) +
+Eep (MA+MB)
khi dieur M thay doi trong kh6ng gian va
tam giric ABC thay ddi sao cho ncj ludn nhon
vi luOn n6i tidp trong drlong trbn t6m O b6n
kinh E c6 dinh.
Hdy md rOng bdi to6n tr6n cho tnrdng hop
n - g76.c n6i ti5p.
Bei 2 : Cho r thu6c R hay tim gi6 tri be
nhdt cria

,, ,l I *' + g2(*)- 2.[r.cos(o +Zknln) +

+slx) sin(o *2knrntl * |

f@ =

'

uZnV

Trong dri g(;r) Ia m6t hdm s6 mi dd thi

nci qua g6c toa d6. a ld sd thrlc tiy y.

cta

Gidi

ttuip bdi

H6I nI, CAU Gi OE DUOC TLr DO

C6ng chtia bidt'rang :
M6i ton linh gdc ddu biSt crla nao ld cilo
t4 clo, cta nao ld ctio. chdt vit biet ro ban nlinh
ld ngudi ncii thdt hay nrii d6i Cong chri:r di
ddn mOt crla bat kj' (c&a nao cur"rg duoci vri
h6i t6n linh gac crla ndy cAu h6i sau : ".l/diz
ta ra theo cia nit.y ttti tn tirth gac cta hio
uui hay budn ? "
Ndu cdu tri ldi Id. : "Anh to buon" lhi ct:r
md c6ng chua den lil. cuo. tu d,o Vi neu cong
chria gAp t6n IuOn ncii thAt thi ten linh gdtr
crla b6n kia id t6n lu6n ncii d6i va no brzdn.
khi c6ng chfta ra dttoc cr]a tu do Neu c6ng
chria gap t6n ludn ncii ddi thi tOn linh gac crr:r
b6n kia Ii lu6n ncii thuc vd. uui khi cong chirti
ra duoc crla ttr do.
Neu cAu trA ldi ld: ".Anh ta tui" thi crla
mi c6ng chtia den la cia clft't. t LAp ludn mOt
cach tudng tu),
(theo Coo ThdThtt,l iA. Chul'en \inh Phrlc,
Vinh Phtict
C6c ban sau ddy cong cci gidi dap dr-rng
Hoirng Cudng, 8T. NK B6c Giang : \6r.i'Crr
Bich Von, 10Ar. NK Tinh. Son La. D6 Llortg
Thach , 18C, CDSP Thrrong Tin. Ha TAy
Itlgrtyan Phuong Tttao. 9T. Nguy6n 'lrdi, Tx
:

Hii

Duong.
BiNH PIITJON(]

THU GOM CAC DONG TIEN

M6t vong tron drtoc
chia ldm s6u 6, rn6i 0 cci
chtla rn6t ddng ti6n kim
loai nhu hinh v0. M6i ldn
di chuydn chi dttoc gat
mdt ddng ti6n ir m6t 6
bdt ki sang mdt trong hai
6 b6n canh
H6i crj t.hd thu gonr
duoc tdt cA cac ddng ti6n
vdo nrOt 6 sau m6t sd chan cdc lfin di chuyen
kh6ng ?

(Xem tidp trang 12)

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Sip-taichrr tai TTCBDH NXBGD

Nha mriy in Di6n Hdng, 57 Giing
In
In xong vd n6p lrru chidu th6ng 10/1997

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