-'\'

.' /'

\.;

r,

GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO

* ugr roAN Hec VrEr NAM

N#st
t

*o

+.lr o,

,.-i;J;i.pnu r H u 3 4 i;:.;
+-;! *'-r
-r"_+
-"--"-- .-..".^t,
5;--l---# :--r"-- -i
rji.t1i;+

/\/
TAP CHI RA HANG THANC

-l

AUA cuoc THI GIAI TOAN VA VAT

NAM HQC r 99s - 1996

KET

J DE THI TUYEN SINH TRUONG DAI HOC

GIAO THONG VAN TAI HA NOI . 1997

rr KHAI THAC BAI TOAN NHUTHE NAO

*' v-' " f, '
I "i/34k'" e
.
i?l:WH;#t?
s\*r%""
" .. " +'fi!."'SSq"$'JH
. " * "4;"dE
n*ff
.,;.gf-.3*ier*#
a

rffid

3.t*. .,

ffi@
,&@

Cac ban l2Crtraoc mua thi ndm 1997

LY

ToAN Hgc vA rubl TRE

MATHEMATICS AND YOIJTH

MI.JC LUC
Trarug

o Dirnh cho c6c b4n Trung hgc co sd

For Lower Secondary School Level Friends
Nguyn Huu Bang - Khai th6c bdi torin
nhrr thd ndo
o Giii bei ki trtrdc
Solutions of Problems in Previous Issue
C6c bdi c'&a s6 242
o Dd ra ki n)ry
Problems in This Issue
T1 1246, ..., T t0 1246,

Lt

1246, L21246

Tdng

biin fip

N(iI.]YiN (]ANI I'I'OAN

Pho tdng bi4n

N(;o

fip

r)A',1.'l'r,

FIO^N(; CiltlN(;

HO! DONG BIEN TAP

10

o D6 thi tuydn sinh m6n torin 1997

Tnrdng Dai hoc Giao th6ng vdn tAi - He NOi
16
o Dirnh cho cdc b4n chudn bi thi vtto D4i hgc
For College and University Entrance Exam
Preparers
Triin Nguyn Chdu - Chon hO truc D6 c6c
thich hop dd giAi m6t I6p c5.c bi.i tod.n
t4
o l{guy1n Huy Doan - Dd hop lOgic hon
Bia 4
o Giii tri to6n hoc
Fun with Mathematics
Gidi dap bdi : Thu gom c5c ddng ti6n
Hodng Minh Phic - Di6n s6 vAo hinh vuOng
Bia 4

Nguy6n CAnh Toin, Hodng

Chring, NgO Dat Trl, LO Kh6c

BAo, Nguy6n Huy

Doan,

Nguyn ViCt Hai, Dinh Quang

Hio, Nguy6n Xuin Huy, Phan

Huy Khii, Vu Thanh Khidt, L0

Hai Khdi, NguySn Vnn Mdu.
Hodng LO Minh, Nguy6n Kh6c
Minh, Trdn Van Nhung,
Nguy6n Dang Ph5t, Phan
Thanh Quang, Ta Hdng Quing,
DSng Hung Th6ng, Vu Drtong
Thuy, Trdn Thdnh Trai, L6 86
Kh6nh Trinh, Ng6 Vi6t Trung,
Dang Quan Vi6n.

BiAn tQp uit tri su; VU Xtl,l THfY

Tru sd tda soan :
LE THONG NHAT
81 Trdn Hung Dao, Hh NQi
DT : 8.220073
231 NGuy6n Ven Cir, TP Hd Chi Minh DT : 8.356111 Trinh bdy: HOANG LE BACH

l'
I

DANH CHO CAC BAN.TRUNG HQC CO SO

rt

tll

rffiH rllflc Bff I0Al{ t{lluI}lE 1{[0

NGTIYI.]N

Ii,[)

( l-ntong B6n 'l'htiy,

Khi hoc to6n, ldm to5n, nhi6u b4n thrrdng

khai th6c tt m6t bdi todn dd c<j duoc nhrrng
bai torin m6i (kh6ng nhdt thidt ld mdi d6i vdi
moi ngudi). Dd la m6t crich hoc to6n th6ng
minh s6ng tao. Tuy nhi6n chring ta cdn suy
nghi th6m vd vi6c khai th6c m6t bdi to6n nhrt
thd nio dd tinh s6ng tao drroc nAng cao. Trong
bdi niry t6i xin trao ddi vdi cac ban v6 vdn d6
dd th6ng qua mQt s6 bAi todn, chfng ta bit
ddu trl bAi todn quen thu6c sau :
Blri todn I : Cho s6 nguyan duong m
nguyn t6 cil.ng nhau udi 10. Chung minh rd.ng
tbn tai mit sd tu nhi4n co dang.11v..1
n
chia hdt cho m, (rr N.).
Nhi6u ban di bidt crich giAi dua theo nguy6n
tic Dirichl6, tdm tit nhu sau :
Trongm * I sd : 1, 11, ..., lk1

m*1
t6n tai hai sd khric nhau khi chia cha m c6
cing s6 du, suy ra hi6u quA hai s6 niy chia
hdt cho m., md hi6u drj cci dang
11...1

.t*@,fteN.)

oil. . . alaoan. . . dlao. . . an... alao

chia hdt cho m.

(a, . . .a, ao ld cdc chil s6 , a,, * 0)
Nhring phtrong phep gini bdi todn nhy cung
tudng tu nhu phrrong phrip giAi bAi torin 1.
Do dci su khdi th:ic ndy ld m6t stl md r6ng
don giin.
VAy ta ccj thd khai thdc bii torin 1 theo
hu6ng khric nhrr thd ndo ? C<i nhi6u crich khai
thric, ching han Id ta nh4n thdy bdi torin 1
chi don thudn ncii l6n sd t6n tai cria s6 trr

nhiOirnx0dd

U-.:11.....1

i nL

(1)

n
VAv

ta dnt vdn d6 x6t xem cd thd chi

ro

Auoc.[rQt s6 n cu thd phu thu6c nz vd th6a m6n

(i)'hay kh6ng ? (vdn db 1).'

HoacliddyrdngU,, i eU,

0(modm)

ta det vdn d6 phAi chang vdi m6i so-trr nhi6n

r < m. d6u t6n tai s6 tu nhi6n n dd
U,, :- r (modm) (vdn dd 2), v.v...
.Ta sE thdy ring cdch giAi quydt hai vdn d6

niy kh6ng chi don giAn drra

vi.o c6ch gi6i quirdt

bAi todn 1. Ta ndn x6t v6i trddng hdp dac bi6t

khi m = p ld s6 nguy6n t6 l6n hon 5.

D6i vdi vdn dd 1, bdng c6ch thrl tnrc ti6p
ta c<i bAng l, circ s6 n(p) sao cho

U,(p):11o liPvdiP=7,11,

13, 17:

rL@)

n(p)

6, 12, 18,

11

13

t7

2,4,6,8,

6,12, 18,
16,32,48,

10,

Nhrr vay c6 U,,i 7,U10i 11

Urzi l3,arci 17, ta du do5n ring ndu p la
sd nguyOn t6,

Do (10,m) = l+ 11...1 | m + (dpcm).

R6 rdng ta ccj thd khrii quSt h<ia bdi torin
1 d6' cci bii toan :
Cho s6 nguyen duong m nguy4n $ cilng
nhau udi 10. Ching minh rdng tbru tqi m|t
sd tu nhiAn c6 dang

I}AN(i

Vinh. Nghe An)

p.> 5 thi

up-ty9=11...1 i phavlor-t-1' D
p-l
hay chi cdn chrlng minh 10P*l - | i p vd nhrr

vAy ta dd xudt drrqc bii to6n m6i (thay s6 10

bdi s6 nguyOn dtrong o bit ki nguy6n t6 cung

p)
p lit

nhbu v6i sd nguy6n t6

sd ngu.yn t(i ud
Biri to6n 2 : Ndu
(a,
a e N, p) = l thi aP-t - l: p.,
DA.y chinh ln dinh li nh6 Fecma, c6c ban
cci thdtrr giAi bni torin niy hodc xem'c6ch giAi

trong mOt sd s6ch, brio v6 s6 hoc va cri th6'

md r6ng x6t bdi todn ndy cho trr:dng hop
p : nt ld hop sd, tr) dci giAi quy6t vdn d6 1 ;
Ddt nt, = 3"K vdi K, a N, (K, 30) = 1.
56 nguyn drrong n sao cho U,, i nt c6 thd
chon llr n : 3o 9(k) trong d6 9@) li sd c6c
s6 nguy6n duong khOng qu6 A vd nguy6n t6
cirng nhau vdi ft.
Ddi vdi vdn d6 2, ta cring cci thd l5p bing
c6c sd du ctra ph6p chia U,, cho p vdip : 7,
11, 13 dd drr dorin kdt quA, tfc In d,irng phuong
phrip quy n4p, hoic c<i thd suy di6n nhrl sau
:

Theo bdi torin 1

vi bii

todn 2 thi ta cci thd

giA sit q ld s6 nguyOn drrong nh6 nhdt sao cho

Uni p (p ld sd nguyGn td, p >

5)

+p<p

-i.__
GiA sit ri (i = 1,q) li

s6 du cria ph6p chia

z, cho p, d6 thdy ring chring d6i mOt kh6c

nhau vd r,dpn = i (modq) thi Un = t{ (modq).
Suy ra m6i sd du cria ph6p chia Un cho p
chi nhdn mdt trong q giit tri thu6c tAp hop
{r,12, ,o} c{0,1 ,...,p-1} =A.suyra
trong tdp hqp A c6 p -q > | s6r th6a mdn
(J,*x (modp) V ru e N. Ndi c6ch khdc, kh6ng
tdn tai rz N dd
U, =x (modp).
De thdy x * 0 vn 1, V{y ta c<i kdt quA :
Rlri to6n 3 : Ndu cho trudc sd nguyAn td
p > 5 thi c6 lt nndt mQt sd nguyn duong
x : r(p) khOng ddi, udi 2 < r(p) 4 p - 1 soa
cho kh1ng tbn tai sd nguyn duong n niro th6a
man 11. . .7 = r@) (mod.p).
n

Dd xem cd thd lhm chat th6m di6u kin ctia

x = r'(p) hay kh6ng ta x6t bdr,g 2, cdc s6 r(p)
trong bdi todn 3 vdi p = 7, ll, 13, 17, 19.

Nhung lA' / p Vn N n6n ndu chting

minh duoc rang cci r N, 2 < r ( P - 2 sao
cho 9r + I / p thi bai l.ridn 4 dtroc chrlng minh.
Thdt viy, x6tp s6 I k, (k:0,1,...,P - 1)
khi chia chring cho p ta dtroc p s6 drr khac
nhau trlng d6i m6t vi (9, p) = 1.
Suy ra crj sd tu nhi6n r < p - 1 sao cho
9r = -l (modp) hay 9r + 1 i p, md P Ia
s6 nguy6n t6, p > 5 n6n r * 0, 1 vdP Tt dd suy ra dpcm.
De thdy rang bii todn 4 tudng dtrong vdi
bdi to6n sau
Chung ntinh riing n\'u cho trudc s6 nguydn
td p udi p > 5 thi c6 m.Qt sd tU nhien r khdng
ddi uoi 2 < r < p - 2 sao cho trong tQp hop
cac sd hang 11. ..1 * r (n: l,2, ...t
1

n
khOng co sd ndo chia h1't cho p.

(Day ln bdi "121223 tr6n THVTT sd 223.

m6t bAi todrt rdt cci it ban giii drtoc !).
Cric ban c<j thd x6t bii todn 4 cho trr:dng
hqp p ld hop s6 dd giAi quydt phdn niro vdn
d6 2. Cbn crj nhi6u vAn d6 dat ra tr) nhttng
di6u n6u ti6n, mong c6c ban tim tdi bh6m va
mdi cric ban giii viri bdi toan sau
1. Cho p le sd nguy6n td, p >- 7 vd
r : 80(p - 7) ! (modp) Chrlngminh rang 11..
:

-rlpVzN

ring n6u sd ngrry6n tdp- >

th6a m6n ll...l / p vdi moi d Ii rrdc khric
2. Chrlug minh

L)

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9,
2, 3, 4,5, B, 10, 12

10

15

p - 1 criap - 1 thi cci duy nhdt r a {2,3, ...

p - 2l saocho vf11 .1 - r / p V N tZr

V6y phAi chang ta cci :

Bhi to6n 4. Ndu cho trudc sd nguyAn td
p > 5 thi c6 mQt s6 nguyn duong r hhOng
ddi udi 2 < r < p - 2 sao cho khilng tbn tai
sd nguyn duong n ndo thba md.n

=r

L1

(ntodP)

Ta cci : 11. .

.l * r

1fl -(1 +9r)

9

n
n6n ta chi cdn chrlng minh 10r

VzN.
2

3. Tim tdt cir c6c s6 nguydn o sao cho

UJ-a/sevncN
n
KrtT OUA

Di6u dring luu y h ta kh6ng srl dr.rng duoc

crich giAi bli torin 3 cho bii torin 4 mac dri
chring hoi gidng nhau. Kdt lu{n trong bdi torin
4 y6u cdu ta chrlng minh cd 2 < r < p - 2
d6'11...1
* -r/pVrzN
vi

(9r +

l) / p

cu6c L'ltt ... (T'iep rhco

GiAi ba

1.

trang

t.i)

Nguydn Vu Hung, 12D Chuy6n ngoai

ngrr, DHQG HN
- 2. To
Quang Chinh,, i1A PTTH Chuy6n
Th:ii Binh
3. Vu Duy Hdi, 11 Chuy6n ly, LG H6ng
Phong, Nam Dinh
4 Nguydn Quang Trudng, 11 Chuy6n li
Phan BQi Chau, Ngh6 An
5. La Quang Thd.nh,11 Chuy6n ly, Chuy6n

Quing Tri

6. Neuydtl Thd.nh Hung, 10 Chuy6n ly, L0

Khidt, Quhng Ngai.

+ (a *b * c -.a - p)2 + oz + F2 > a2 + b2

* c2 + y2 + o2 + p2 > a2 + bz + cZ
Ndu 7 e [a ; F] ttri ding thrlc xAY ra e
(a ; b ; c lh mQt ho6n vi ctia a, {), 7.
Ndu 7 G

la ; pJ thi

Nhin x6t

Brni Tll242. Cho dav s6 : 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3,

4, 4, 4, 4, 5,... (lin tidp mOt sd 1, hai sd 2,.
ba sd 3, ...). H6i sd hang thtl 500 000 ld' sd
nito ?
Ldi giai. (dga theo D11th_!hi. Mau,.7B1,
THCS L=ttong Th6 Vinh, Tx Th6i Binh).
Dat ru li sd h4ng thlt 500 000 ctia day dd
(z N* (1)). Gia stl trong 500 000 sd hang
ddu ti6n cira ddy cci r s6 hang bang n; La cd
1 < r < z. Tr) tinh chdt ctra day s6, ta cci
phrrong

trinh

d8Lng

thrlc khdng xiy ra'

1) Crj ban nh4n x6t sai : 7 e fa ; pl thi

bdt ding thrlc kh6ng dring.
2) Cd ban mic sai ldm : Dtng bdt ding
thrlc Bunhiac6pski d6n d6n :
) .) ) (a+b +c)z

a'lb" +c'>

*r#rt

>
ddttddsuyra a2+b2 +c2 < a.2+P2+yz
(vi a + b * c = a + p + I) ( ?)
3) MOt s6 ban chia thdnh quri nhi6u trudng
hop n6n ldi giei qu6 phfc tap.
4) CAc han co ldi giii vi nhSn xdt t6t li : Kim Dinh'l'ltdi,
vit az

+ p2 + yz

I + 2 +3 +... * (n - 1 ) +rr = 500 000.

o(rL-l)n:2*r=500000
a (n - l)n + ?-x = 1000000
Do r ) 1 n6n (n - l)n < 1000000, suy ra Nruvin 7'udn fai. itB. Chuvn YC'n I.ac Vinh Phfct.
eii rudn, eT. Nrng khidu kicin Xrrong lThii Binh-;. /irrr
n < 1001 (2)
Dttc Thinh.9.46, Trdn DIns Ninh (Nam Dinh). Nguttrt l'i(tt
Do r ( z n6n (n - l)n +?.x < (n + L)n. Do Kzdi.8J.1'rdn I Iung Dao iQuring Ngiil. N1;uvin rung Qrtfrtt

t/r?

'1

dd 1000 000 < (ru + l)n, hay n > 999 (3). Kdt
hop (1), (2), (3), ta cci s6 hang cdn tim la 1000.
Nhfln x6t. C<j 246 bdi giAi trong dci ccj
13 bai'giai sai. Cd bei thafi chi cho-drip s6
ln 250 000 000 000, b6 qua di6u nhdn x6t
don gi6n ld dtiong nhi6n s6 hang thf n phii
b6 hon n. Lisi giai t6t gdm cd :

Thdi Binh z Dinh Thi Thu (TIIITHCS Ludng Thd Vinh,

Tx Thdi Binh):; Thdi Nguy6n : Mai Nguyn Darg ISArTHCS
(lhu Vin An- Ip Thzii Nguyen) ; Ngh$ An_: Dodn tldi Giang
(t{.^ Nang khiAr 2.1 Quynh Luu) Nguy4tt Hodttg Sdi (98
P1"ll I D[ng Thai Mai Tp Vinh) ; Thanh Hfu t Tq Thi l/hn
Anh 79A PTCS lhi trdn II Hir 1'rung) ; Lf Thi Ddo (98 T'l'
Chdt I .uqng Cao l'rir.r Sdn) : Khuong Thu-l'htung (8A NIng

Hoa) : Hii Duong .: Npyen Phuoltg I'hdo (()

lilr,9"
-l'orin LISllg
P1'TH Nguy6n Trii, 'fx Hii Drtong) ; BEc Giang :
DLrong Manh Hbng, Vu Chi Minh (9A ]'HCS rhi trdn

IIrp i{oa) ; IIal Noi : L0 Minh D*.: (bl PTCS Nguyen

1'ruilng l-a)).

uANc vrEN

B}ri TZl242 i a, b, c lir ba sd ti"ry j, thuQc

[o ; {]l (a < il ud, thda rnd.n dibu hiQn : a * b
* c = a \ F +l uoia <J < B. Cfuing m.inh

rang: at+bz *cr( a"+8"+y"

Ldi gini : Nhi6u ban cci nhdn x6t : kh6ng

cdn t6i gia thidt d < y < P (mQt s6 ban kh6ng
ding gii thidt nay nhung lai kh6ng bay t6 y
kidn cta minh ?). Sau dAy li ldi giai kh6ng

cdngiAthidta<y<F:
Via<a;b;c<pn6n:
(a * a)(b ' a)(c * a) +
+ (F - a)(p - b)(p -.) > 0
+ a! * bc * ca - (a + b + c)(a + B) + d2 +
+ pz > 0. NhAn lrai vg v6i.2 r6i iQng trlng
"P
vd nhAn drroc v6i a; * b' * c" ta c6
(a + b + c)2 - 2(a + b + c)(a + p) +
* (rz * p)2 + az + p2 > a2 +b2 + c2
:

8A.
Lurtl;..liuirt
9T, NAng khi6u Y Yn lNam Dinh), P', 'fhdrrh.lrhn
THCS N-zuven l'rai, Nain SAch (IIii Ducrngl.
Anh,e'l'.Li Qui Ddn 1Kh6nh IIdl;....

5) Luu y-: m6t s6 ban kh6ng ghi drl ho va

t6n, ldp, tnldng, huy6n, tinh d ting bni giAi
ndn h,hdng thd d.odn l?t.ldi gicii cia ai I Mong
sic ban luu y.
r.i: 'il t(iNr; Nt tA
t

B,di Tgl242 : Gid.i

f^ ^
l*'+y'-;

1"

l+r@3
[\

hC

phuong trinh sau :

(1)

-x2 +x - 1): yz +?"xy

-2

(2)
Thd.i,88, Chuy6n

Ldi.giii : cia Kim. Dinh

Y6n Lac, Vinh Phric. Ta cd : (2) a4x4

4x:\

(3t
+4x2-4r-y2-Zxy+2=O
(4)
(l) o?-x2 -r 2y2 :
Tt (3) vd (4) ta c<i
@r4 - 4x3 + xz) + @xz - 4r + 1) ++ (y2 - 2xy + x2) = O ox2(2a - 1)2 +
1

+(U-D2+U-x)2:O
e(b.-D2@2 +1)+ ly-ilz:O
Do i-D2>o;x2+ 1>o;

(5)

(y-x)2>on6n

[a-1)2=o
<==){'
, o o1,l?--t:o
_r : 0
,,
[(Y -x)'=
Ttddtarritrax=y=,
(b)

Thrl lai ta thdy nghiOm x

h6 phrtong

trinh dd cho.

I
y = th6a man
7

Nhfn x6t : 1. Hdu hdt cric ldi giAi giti ddn

d6u dr1ng.

TIICS Mi I'luohe, Gia

'tl

Quing Tri : Trbn

2. Cdc ban sau dAy co ldi giSi rdr , Nguyin Ngoc fhdng,
B^ni I.Q Hting.9Ar, TrrJdng CLC Phong ChAu; Nguyin Hdi
Au,9A, PTCS Thanh Ba, Phti Thg. Trdn Gia Khdnh. NgLtytn
Dttc'L/inh,8B, TI{CS Yn Lac. Vinh I'hric. Ddo Thi llaong
Giang.7B, Chuyn Qu6c Oai. HaJay. Plom Hul Nam,9p,
T.Lton,r,

IlSc Ninh. TiXn 'l'h( Hidn,

Trii. IIA N{i. Lai Dwc.Phuong. gA. Nguycn

Khuyn. tlinh t-uc, Hh Nam. 7-rinh Quang Minh, LA 'fudn

8A.

QuAng Binh : Hd Nhtu San6, 813 'l'llCS FIii Dinh ;

Vir Anh, 9z 1'l ICS Dong I lir. Qgring
Tri, Thlta Thicn - Hu; Phan Dinh Ngoc, Phu I.irc ; Di Ndng
Nsuv6n Dinh Chieu. 9/-5 lrdn Hoine'thi!'n. Nsi .Si Vitt Pltti.
9/T fHCS Nguyen Khuyin ; QuingNam : lltii'nh Minh vitt.
9,A, Ng-"ryn I lidn, Di0n Ban ; Binh Dinh :NgtyAn I.ttrtngl Irtdng.
9A Q-utic hr.rc Quy Nhon :Qurhg Ngii : Ngr'r Mittlt [ti. *.1
'i'rdn I"lrrng Dao ;'l'rhn Th! Bich lhtit'.'Tl frin llung [)a,,
.l'rang
Kh6nb Him : trbn Tudn Anh,9T Le Qu! D6n. Nha
D6c Lfc : DucngThanh An.9'l'. Ngrl Quic Arth ()(. ; Nguvr:rr
Du, Bu6n Ma l'huQt, Dic I^ic; Rinh Thuin z ltru lldi Lir.
9, Trdn Hung Dao. Phan'I'hidt ; Tiy Ninh : f)do l)uv llitth.
'firr : N5T oriii
7A r Pl-l'l I [)"tl.,ng Minh ('hAu. Bi Ria - Vung
Thanh Bitrh.91 Le Quy Darn. Binh Durrng : N;u.lin Ii<1tt
Hnag, PTl l'l I Iirng Vuctng : TPIICM : l ltr\tth l'l,tuc I)trt. l'hurt
Thim

ICS Nguy{n

Arth, 9ts, Cl-C Triu Sdn ; ?Ar I'hi Hau A;, tOCo, Bim Sdn,
Ngayin Thriy l.inh, 9A, NK Holng hloa i L Anh Son,9p.,
T'f. CLC, Thanh H6a. LE Mitth Hd, l0Ae, NgryAn XuAn On,
DiCn Chelr ', Phan tr{uy Hodng, 9T, fha4 Bc.,i ChAu, NghQ
An. Ngu,vn Huy Dien,9'Iz, Nang Khidu, IIir Tinh. Va Trung
Thu, 9 A, T r uang Quang Trong Son Ti nh, Quin gN gdi. l'ruo n g
Yin Nhi.8A :7rhn fhi Miih 9A. Chuyen. Bqc Li6u.

'reiNcuyEN

;
:

Minh 7ruirng" Nguyen fruong Iltfirtg Ittrli. l{' II6ng l}in;,

Q5, Khnc Ngpc Wnh, 9/19 IIdng Bing ; Long An : Ngr.r'irr
Thdnh Tirt. Ss Cz-.r'lhri'i'hrta; Bac LiEu:T'rim:l'hd Mitrlt.
t.rrong'l'hd NhAn, 9,/\ Chuyen BL.
VTJ

Bdi T41242 : Cho mOt hinh chx nhQt c6

chu ui ld. P uit dien tich S. Hd.y chtng minh
325

-P>_
- 25+P+2
Ldi giii : Goi hai canh hinh chrl nhAt li

a vd b (a ; b > 0). Ap dung bdt

ta cci

COsi cho c6c s6 drrong

d&ng thrlc

a +b > %fab

a+I>Zt[a
b+r>bfb
Suy

ra (a + b)(a + 1)(b + 7) >

8ab

+(a*b)(ab+a+b+L)>8ab
+

2(a

+b) >

32a.b

Pidi T51242 : Trong m.Qt phang cho duitng

trbn (O, R) u?t m1t didnr. P c6 d.inh kh\ng niint.
tuAn. duitng trdn (OP : d * R). M|t dd.y cung
MN thay ddi cia duitng trdn sao cho luOn
duoc rthin tit P dudi m6t g6c uuorLg : MPN
= 9e. Tim quy tich didm Q, ddi xing udi P
qua MN. Bi|n IuQn.
Ldi giai. Goi ri le hinh
chi6u (vudng gric) ctia P
fiAn MN, thd thi }r le
trung didm cria PQ ; S Ie
trung didm ddy cung MN
vi a-l li trung di6'm cria
1'\,
OP.DC thdy rdng:
!

2ab*2(a+b)+2
32S

atS:oH:ZOQ;(l)

HaYPt- 2gaprr2

Ddu=xdyrakhio=6=1.

Lai cci (cOng thrlc drrdng trung tuy6n)

NhQn x6t :
Giai tdt bii niy crj cdc ban

Do

2602 +Sp2) =op2 *4u52.

:

Trhn Son DOng, 9C PTCS DiAn BiAn Yn Bdi : M6t ban

khong d t0n ; Th6i Nguy6n : Mai Ngtrytn Dung, gAl THCS
Chu V'dn An, Tltdi Nguyn ; Quing Ninh : D6 Quang Khdnh,
7A2 Trong Cim Udng Bi. Hei Phbng : Trpn Mai Anh, Vu
'l'hanh Binh 8T PTCS Chu_ VAn
An, NguyAn Hodng Long.
9Al. P-[CS Hjing BAng, BEc Giang : Ng4tdn Tudi Trunq.
eT NK 86. Bfc Ninhl Hodng Tdnft, s llK'fien Son ; HIi

Dualrg : tlodng Thi NguyQr ann, Si, NpvEn Phuong Thtio,

Npven Phi llilng. 9't Nguyen TrAi, llung YCn I Ddo Thi
Phuong Thudn, 9 VIn NK Hung Yen ; Phri 'l'ho : L0 Mqnh
('uirng: Vinh Phric ; Nguyin?ao Thdng, 88, Nguyin Vi(r
/1a, 98 PTCS. Yen Lqc, L fhdo Nguyn,.9A , I'FICS Wnh
1-uitng. Nguyn Quynh TrAm,9A THCS Vinh Y6n, Hi Tiy ,
'I'rbn Ngoc DiQp,9 K THCS Le LOi, Ha D6ng Th6i Binh :
;
Le Thdnh C6ng 98 Pham Huy Quang, D6ng Hung ; IIA
NQi : IrDn Tdt Dqt.9Ar Chu VIn An. Biti Minh Quan. SAt
'I'HCS Gi6ng Yo. NpyEn Dinh Hd.9Ar Nguy6n Trudng TO,

ffi

9oo

<+sp

=***:

sM

ort

=rSO2+SPz:R2;

(3)

T9JJ), (2) vd (3) suy ra

MPN = 90('
+4<rtS2 : OQ2 :ZRz - OPz ;
:

(4)

#OQ :2aS = diFl OF

(nduOP-d<Rt[r)

Ta di ddn k6t luAn

1")NduOP=d<R{2,

Hoing Tilng,,9A Tnlng Nhi, Trhn Anh DAng 8A THCLC

TrJ I-icm ; Nam Dinh : Trbn Qudc Wer BA CLC Giao Thuy,

Phqm Quang Dinh, 9A2,T'rbn Quang Vinh, _9CT Y Yen,

Ddng PhuongThdo, BAzLrldngThd Vinh, Ngayen CbngTudn,
94,6 Trdn DAng Ninh , Phung Vdn Httdn,9A THCS Giao
Thiy. Tdng Anh Quan, 8T Ddo 1'idn Thdnh 9T HAn Thuy6n,
Thanh H6a : Truong Thanh Gidp : 8A NK l{o5ng FI6a, D5
Giao Tidn, gl- I-am Son , L Tudn Anh,98 TFICS CLC Tric.u
Son, NghQ An : Ngttyn Xuan Giao, gTB Phan Boi Chau, Z,
V'dn NguyEn, -Qui,nh Lrnr lJ'{guyin Vdn Todn, 9A CLC Din
ChAu ; Hi Tinh : Laong Tidn Thdnh, 912'frtdng L VIn

(2)

dci

<+So2 + sP2 = So2 + Suttz =

I-A

KIM lIIi-]\'

2") Ndu oP = d = R{2, {Q} = {o} (dridng

trdn didm)
30) Ndu oP = d. > R [2 , {Q} = /, trlc kh6ng
cd

qty

tich.

I
I

NhQn x6t :
1") Hdu hdt cric ban tham gia giai biri torin
niy ddu trich bach hai phdn chrlng minh thu6n
dAo, n6n ldi giai thudng dii ddng. Tuy nhi6n,
d6i v6i bAi to6n nAy crlng nhrr m6t s6 bdri torin
quv tich khric, khdng nhdt thidt phAi trinh bny
richg rc hai phdn thuAn dAo ndu nhung dlnh
ly hinh hoc dugc str dung trqng chrlng minh
& ainfr ly d6o crlng dring. Chang han nhrr ddi
vdi bdi toan niy chring ta dd srl dqng dinh ly
sau ddy : Mdt tam giric ln vu6ng khi vi chi
khi cri mQt drtdng trung tuydn rlng v6i m6t
canh bang ntta c4nh d<i.
20) Cdc ban sau dAy c<5 ldi giAi t6t :

He NQi , Nguy|n Dinh Hd,9Ar Ng:ycn Tnldng T6 ;

B{c Ninh :, Hodng Tirng,9 Tilang PTCSNK Ti6n Sdn ;
BEc Giang t Chu Manh Dung 9 PTCSNK BEc Gian!

I{ii Dutmg : 'tb Minh Llodng,9 PTNK Hei Dudng

Hii Phdng Vu Ngoc Minh,8 T PTCS Chu Vdn An

l-ong, 9At PTCS H6ng Bdng, Phqm Dt2c HiQp,

8T PTCS Chu Vin An.
Thanh Hoa : NstyEn Phi LA, PTCSNK Hoing H6a

Ng,ryAn Hodng

Quing Nam , hivnn Minh Vit,,9A. Truon!

Hidn, Difn BAn

Nguycn

B4c Li6u :Trhrt. Thd Minh, 9A PTTH chuyn Bac Liu

NGUYEN DANG PHAI'

FidiT8l242 : Gid. stl xuit y ld, cdc s6 nguyan

duong soo cha x2 +y2 *6 chia hdt cho xy.
x2 +y2 +G
lir lQp phuong
Chrlng minh rang

cia

-;"
m.6t s6 tr1 nhien.

Lbi giai.

(ctra ban Dod.n Manh Hd

Trdn Phti H&i Phbng).
Gi6 sr} x2 + y2 + 6 = px! (p e z+)

tlCT
(1)

Trong tdt ch c6c sd nguy6n drrong (r, y)

th6a m6n (1).
Gi6 st (ro, yo) ld cap s6 cd ro *yo b6 nhdt.
Kh6ng giAm tdng qurit giA st ro ( ./o.
X6tphuongtrinhy2 -pxo! +xf,+ 6 = 0(2)
Ta thdy lo li nghiOm cira (2). Gqi y, la
nghi6m cdn lai ctra (2) thi theo dinh li Viet
ta cci
* t, = Pxo (3)

lt,

lrutr=xoz+6141

Ta bci (ro, yo ) th6a men (1) do

o ) Ndu rn = /,, thi tt (1)

p:2*

d<i

yo

yr.

r.+Io:1.+P:8.

x.-o

)
= yl thi tr) (4) ta c6
(!o - xo) (Jo * xo) = 6
Di6u nay kh6ng xAy ra vi yo-xo vi
*xocung
tinh chin 16 md 6 = | . 6 = 2 . 3.
lo
o ) Ndl r., ( Jo < /l * lo2 xn* l,
o

J1
2.

Ndu Jo

2 xn* z.

BT

Tt

(4) suy ra

x|+A

(xo*1)(x,+2) -

>-

4 > }-xo--lo,= ! -loyt - 7 -lo = 1 vd

ll=lvolyvlfo</.,.
Trim lai ta phAi cd p - 8 = 2'
Nhfn x6t : Bdi torin niry cci nhi6u ban

giai dring vd cring nhi6u ban giAi sai. Nhi6u

ring chi c<i cap (1, 1) vh (1,7t
li th6a man di6u ki6n bAi todn. Thrrc ra cri
v6 s6 cap s6 nguy6n duong (r, y) th6a mdn
(1) Ch8ng han x6t day.(zo)-ygi.(" =, ft = 1.
un t- 2'= 8un *,, - u, ' Khi tt<j d6 dAitg ki6m tra
dttoc (un, un + r) th6a min (1) v6i moi ru.

ban khing dinh

C6c ban sau dAy cir ldi gidi kh6 t6t ; Phqm Vidt Ngoc
Duns l2('T Phan
l2A Ns6 Si Lien.BEc Giane. Trbn Nam
'frAn Phu Hii Phdng
BQi Ch"au, Yinh, Trhn Vdn Hd-e l0 NK
CioThd fhu,11A P I'IH chuydnVinh Phirfiguyin t/iin Quang

10'I l-amSon Thanh H6a, TriQu Tudn Dar 8T Chu vtrn An,
LC Thanh COng 98 Ph4m Huy Quang. Derng
'l'{ IIi D(rng
Hrtnp,, Thdi Btnh, Trhn Ngpc DiQp 9K Ic I dt
Hi TAy, NgA Sj ViQt llht;9T Nguy6n Khuytin Dir Ning. //,rrirt
Tungg'f Ti6n Sdn Bic Ninh. Nguyn QLrang Bring l0l P'l"f I i
'fudn Anh 9T Ii
Nzuy6n TrEi tlii Dvang,Trbn
Quli D6n
Nfia'Trane KhSnh Hiyi Nsuy|n PhuLtng Thiin l}lf" foAn
DHKHTN"HA Noi, Li Quani Nam lZci PTtl? chi Minh.
Trbn Wr Dilng l2At chuyn t- Quy D6n Dir NEng. NSzldrr
XuAn Thdnh 8T PTCS Chu VIn AnNgzyAn Ngoc Chidn, l2At
P'I'TH chuyn Y6n B6i

Hfi Phbng,

DaN(; IIUNG TrAN(i

B,diT7l242 : Ching minh rang uoi da thxc

tity !, P(x) bQc n > 1 c6 n. rughinr thrlc khd.c
nhau x1,x2t ...txn ta c6 dd,ng th.tlc :

(x1)

@z)
T...7[P'(r, )13 [P'(rr)13
P"

P" (xn)

P"

-:;.

1P'(x)13

Ldi giei : Kh6ng mdt tdng qudt, giA srl

-*) .(x -xz) ...(x -x). Vi6t bidu

P(x) = (*

thrlc

P'(x)
tfla.b,

dudi dang

P2(*) i! tl * - t:_ (* - *)2 )

trong dci ai,bi (i = t,") ld c6c hang sd mi ta
s6 xdc dinh d sau.

i: l,rL, ta viSt lai (1) du6i dang:

^ai-bi
|=P2(x)
r:+P2(x)
.
(x -xi)'
'-*i
=+P2(xy
na.b.

Vdi m6i

].+--l-.1
x).[; (x -x1)
(x

-x,;2 J
iltL
i*i
Cho i +xi, v6i lrru y rang
:

a;

lim P2(n;
.,X_X; : 0,
-r+,f,

'

a.

t;+*i

timP2lr)>
x-x;
/=t-.
j*i

b.

I
(x-x)t) =o

,2,

vi

P21x1--1-

x*.Yi

:0,_,T

tt

- x)"

P(x\

x-)x.'[-,
(2) ta dugc :

-r, ]t:bilP'(x))z

2P(x)

P'(x)

1*
2b,(x - x,)

-P'lx) (xn x).

n

*)2

_.tf

-"'o,,p,

cL:

vi lim

Ta

(x -x)2

. B+C
B_C,
, (cos , +cos , )
. B+C
sln
2
, B +C +1)
2 (cos ,
1

(x -ri) P'(x)

(3) ta duoc

oilP'(x))z + b, P'(x,) P" (x)

vi = l, n.

(x)
P"(*)
* ai -oi p\r) = vi = l,n
tp,(r,)13
i: I

n p,,(qi)

B+C

zts 4

--zts

,T A,

(i-

+)

A +tr;B +ts C

;
. 'NhAn
ts

x6t

f(A)=ts 2+zts

;>tr

.T

A *re ,N

rdng

(;-i)

A.

(t -Z) r-,

him

I,'")'ThatvaY'

= 1u''(r;)13'

r rdi cho r -+ co ta sc duoc )

i=L

o;

: P"(x)
Suyra:
)'
=0(Dpcm)
"

c'ua (1)

vdi

O.

,?r[P'1r;)J3
Nh4n x6t : Tda soan nhfn drroc Ldi giAi
cria 11 ban grli tdi. Trongsd dd cd 8 b4n cho

tf 'lA\
\")-

z.orz!
2cos2 (
z
Z_tl
A,A

t tqt
cos'(
4-4) -cos'2

-il

2"o,2|cos2 (
+
Do dci, tt (*) ta cri :

s6

ddng bidn trong

-2n

Mat kh6c, sau khi nhdn cA 2 vd

]B+C
--..-

coso

Do viy

P"

. B+C
sln
2

P(x)

= litn
(r - *)2
x+.r, x - fri x+x,
.i,'1*; + (x -xi) P"(r)' - P'(r)
: lim
= lur,,611
2(x - x,)
f+r
o

z=-cos2Bcos2c:
B+C
sln 2

'

tt

cci

(s)

x.+.y.

(theo quy t5c Lopital),

2n
A
,T T
A, S. Khi dd Z ( -S,i)

tgT+tg

ld+.fi1
P(x)
x -xi

-{5

B c .inaf

/ l)

b,

l@l : P'(r,),
\ t' limp(r):

P'(x\
- v-/-

GiA stl

P'(r) x

__j*i
Vi = l,n.
Cho r +xi, vdi lrru y ring
11*
x+,r.x-x,, I

ABC
ry;*ry;*E;r

Ldi giei (cta da sd cric b4n).

+2P(x)

xS[ '+
1?rL'-*'
j*i

21t

hon ,. Chtng ninlt rong

g6c khOng nhd

@

vlNIt

BAi TBl242. Trong tam gid.c ABC c6 m|t

:

bi

2P(x)

i:l

cr.rvDn rutAr:

ai^ai
P'(x) _ - P"(*)
x xi

() ei) (2H

ta.

lp,qx)Jt
Ldy dao him cA 2 vd oia (2) ta c6
o

( r ?). Trong B
i=l
b4n cbn lai cci 2 ban (d TP Hd Chi Minh)
cho ldi giAi thidu chinh xric vi m6t ban (d
10ng Anh - He NQi) cho ldi giAi qu6 nrdm
=

ZA,a,=

i=l

P(x,\

1_b;, = ---- --- Yi. : l,n.

vi dE m5c phrAi sai ldm cd bAn sau

la,i giai sai

b,

lim

>0

,e

B,di Tgl242. Gid

ABC
Z*rg Z*rg,.-

, rtZ+ztg$ :4 -{3
(do /s

.zfitl

ding thrlc xAy ra khi vi chi

tic'p bdt

nhi6u b4n chrlng minh

ding

,rt *r,, (1 -t) ",rt

zts

thrtc

kh6ng stt dung dao him.

2) Sd luong c5c ban giAi dttoc bdi niy tddng
ddi nhi6u, tt nhi6u tinh trong cA nridc.

Dbng Th6p : Nguyin Ddng Tridn (12T 'IIICB TXCL).

Chn Tho :T'rhn L Minh (|OF Thajt Ndt). PhfiYEn : Dodn
Ngec Khdi (11 Lrldng VIn Chdnh). Bdn Tre : Nguy|n NhQt
Nam (l2A TH Bdrr Tre). Scn La : Trhn Xudn Thp (11T,
Nrng khidr Son t-a). Khdnh Hba : Trhn Tudn Anh (9T, Le
Quy'bon;. Lem Dbng :, TO Thu HiEn (l2Az, BAo LQc). Bi
Ria - Vfing Tiu : LuongAnh Hdng (llAt chuyn ban Vfing
Tiu). Vinh l.rng t Nguy4n Minh Truitng (l2T Vrnh Long).
Quin g Nam z P ham D at M inh Tr iA t QZA2 Hoang N gqc HuQ).
Binh Dinh : Nguyn Dinh IuAn (12A: Nguyn TrAn, Hoii
Nhon) Ninh Binh : Ld Vdn Cadng Vu Htii Chhu (11 Lrtdng
Van Tuy) Nam Dinh : Phan Tudn Giang, Trbn Quang Vinh
(9CT, i Ycn) ,5 IIuy D()i ( l2A, L), TU Trqng). Quing Binh :
Trdn Huu Luc ll2CT. Dong Hcii), T'rhn Chi Hd (llCT, Ddng
l{(ii). tli Ndi : //5zyin Khdnh Tfinh (tl Amst'erdam). Ng6
Quang Hidn (11Ar L! Thai Td). Nguyn Dinh Vinh (12A
DFISP), Dodn Huy. Ilien, Db Duc H@h, Phqm Minh Ngac,
NguyAn Mqnh Ha (DHKHTN). NguyCn Drec Manh (12A Co
loa). Hoang VAn g2C D6ng Da). TP HCM : L Quang Nim
(12CT), Ngtryn L Ltrc (12C'q ; NpyAn Duy ViQt (12Ar Le
Quj DOn). Hiri Phdng : Pham Thu Haong, D(ngAnh Tudn,

IId (Trdn l'}hri).

(l2Ar NgO Quydn). Thanh II6a :Nguyin
Mai Anh Thdng (12A Ba Dintr, Nga Son),

Pham Duong Hidn, Vu Huy Todn, Dodn MgnA

Nguvin QuangHuy

ViQt Cudng 11,

Mai Vdn Duong (72At Ba Dinh Nga Sdn). Trinh Quang Hda

Ar, YCn-Dinh). Ng.ryCn Vdn Quang (10T lam Son). NghQ

An l Nguyn Dinh QuAn (l0Ar Phan BQi Cheu), Phan ViQt
Duong (llAr Ha Huy Tap). Hodng Minh Son (lOGr Nghi
LQc). Nguyn Vdn Tdng (12A. CT). NpyAn Qudc Hlutg (llAr
Huj,nh Th{c Kh6ng), Ngtyn Ngx Hd (12'f Phan B6i Chiu).
Bu6n Ma Thu0J Li Thd Tan, LA Dinh Binh (l2T Nguycn
I)u). Vinh Phttc : Nguyn Hodng Anh, Nguyn Duy T'An, Cao
Thd Thtt" Nguyn Minh Tn OZA chuy6n Vinh Phrlc). Yn
Bdi: Vu Nguyn Thtc, D5 Ndng Tnng Bdi Vdn Sj,, Nguy|n
(1 I

Trong'ludn, Nguyn KiCn, I- Minh Ihlc, Trbn Anh Qutur,

Dtrong Quanglluy, L0 Hbng Hdi, Nguyin Trpng Hidn (Chuyn
Yen B5i). BEc Ciang : Vrt Dqt Tudn, Npyin T'idn Mqnh,
Hodng ViQt Ha (NK Ngo S! Licn): Phri Thg t Nguyn Kim
.Sd

(l ln'thanh

Ba)..NgtryAn

Minh Phaongll2AHtngVudng).

Quing Ngdi : Truong Quang Tri (12Ar Son Tinh). Th6i

Binh : Ngaydn llodi Thanh (llAt Bic Tht tri), N#ydn Hqp

Qrrj,nh Ph\r). Thrirzr Thi6n Hrud : Hodng 'frung

BaDan, L0 Vdn H6a (DHKH Huc). HAi-Duong :
Trbn Dpi Nghia, NguyAn Drtng, Va Vdn Tin, Npyen Quynh
Di1p, NguyAn Huy Khuong Ddo Thu Mai (NK Nguyn Trei),
Pham Vdn Hodng (llAt Ninh Giang), Pft arn Dlnh Duong (l2A
Binh Giang). Di NEng : l;lguydn Tdn Cadng (11Ar Le Qu!
Ddn). Hi Tiy ': Le XuAn Dsi (12Ar Nguycn D(tc).

Dbng

n|i

tidp tam gior ABC.

tt M trrong dng tdi

cdc canh BC, CA, AB.

khiA= g;B:C=6.
truc

thu1c

Ldi gini. Det x, y,

z ld circ khoAng cdch

Nhfn x6t. 1) Cri rdt

trdn

ft= z - {5),

Ro rdng, ddu

si M lit. mQt didrn

rnibn tam. gio.c ABC. Ching minh rd.ng MA +

MB + MC > 6r trong d,6 r ld bd.n hinh duaing

(l2A

Ilidu,'trtu

NGTJYF,N

Ha drrdng cao AH vir

drrdng vu6n g gdc MA,
xu6ng BC, ta cd AM E
H41
+ MAt > AH hay li
AM > ZSrtsc : BC 'r (ddu bing xdy ra khi
vd chi khi A/ : H).v6i BM, CM ta cring cci
c6c bdt ding thdc tudng trr, vir thu dtroc kdt
quA sau d6y bang cdch c6ng chring vd vdi v5:

AM+BM+CM<
,t
1 1
< ZS,tac(BC * cA+ AB) -(, *y *zy=

r(BC +CA+AB)

I
,7
(ac "-CA+ AB) 1

-(x+y+z)(l)

Mat kh6c, theo bdt d&ng thrlc Cauchy, ta

c<i hang ttl thil nhdt cria (1) l6n hon hoac
bing 9r, cdn theo bdt d&ng thrlc Ecddtsd (*)
thi 0,5 (BC + CA + AB) > (x * y * z). Dem
thay vdo (1), suy drroc dpcm (ddu bing xAy
ra khi vd chi khi AABC ddu, nhan M lim tam)
Nhfn x6t. Cd 115 bai giei, tdt ci ddu giii
dring. Ngodi crich giAi tr6n, cdn nhi6u cdch
giAi khric trong dci phAi ding nh{rng bdt ding
thrlc tuy chrlng minh kh6ng khr; nhrrng bii
giAi kh6ng neu 16 tdi lieu tham khAo, ching
h4n h, + hb + h. > 9r. Bai giai tdt g6m c<i
Phtl Thq : Nguy6n Ngoc Th6ng (got PTCS
Bdn C6ngPhongChAu) ; HnNQi : Pham Tudn
LO (10 Tin Hd NQi - Amsterdam). YOn Brii:
Trdn Anh Qudn (12 A1 PTTH Chuy6n)..85c
Ninh : Hoing Tirng (9 Torin NIng Khidu Ti6n
Son). Vinh Phtc : Nguy6n Duy TAn (11 A
PTTH Chuy6n). Ninh Binh : L6 van Cudng
(11 Todn PTTH LuongVan Tuy Tx Ninh Binh).
Quing Binh : Trdn Huu LV" QZ Ct PTTH
Nang Khidu Ddng Hdi). Hud : Trdn Bri D6n
(11 CTDHKH). D6c Lhc : Lc Th6 TAn (12
Torin chuy6n Nguy6n Du Tp Bu6n Ma Thudt).
:

DANG VIEN

VAN MAU
(+) llryiin TSp 30 ndm I'qp chi TFI & 1"I' 1r.254

Bei T10/2H2 : Gid. sil M lit mdt didm chuydn

dQng trong mibn tam gidc ABC, lit ddy cila
ti diQru dbu ABCD. Gqi A', B' uit C' ld hinh
chidu uuOng gdc crta M kl.n luot ffAn cdr mq.t
BCD, CDA ud. DAB. Chtng m.iruh rdng trgng
td.m G crta tam gid.c A'B'C' chuydn dQng trong
mQt mibn tam. gid.c APPl nd.m trong ti diQn
ud. song song udi ddry ABC.

i----+-- -z';/
4..

.'<!':
\41

,ro,

oi,r =
(1)
io-i' *{o} * io-h ,
Lai goi Ao, Bo vd Co ldn lrrot ld trong tAm
cdc mdt (tam giric ddu) BCD, CDA vd DAB ;
thd thi ta c6 :

y+' =rqI9D)- : s(MBC) x

Mo u(ABCD) - s(ABQ =- h
vi ttti, ll rto, n6n ta dugc
-'-> _;4x----^ = x Mo:
MA'
,

Ttl (1) vd (2) ta duoc

12-

---r

_5

Oe ; Q)

4-*

MA'+MB'+MC'=-iOM;
Vi G le trong tdm tam
+++

gidc

(3)

A,B'C,, n6n

MA'+MB'+MC'=\MG
Tt (3) va (4) suy ra

(4)

., +( lir. trong tAm tam gi6c A'B'C', cdn vd

oula:
+
4+
5 \MB = (b)
hay : OG =iOru
iOM,
VAy V =

,5

5/9

Vo (M) ld Anh cria M trong

vi trr tdm O, ti s6 k

=;.

Ta di ddn kdt

ph6p

luin

Khi M chuydn d6ng trong mi6n tam gidc

ABC thi G chuy6'n ddng trong mi6n tam giric
8

OAOBOC9
Ldi gtei 2 (cria Doin

Manh HA, 11T,

PTTHNK Trdn Phri, Hai Phdng) GiA srl M ld
mQt didm tiy y nam trong trl di6n ddu ABCD ;
A', B' C' vd D' ldn lrrot li hinh chidu cia M
tr6n c6c lrrrEft BCD, CDA, DAB vi ABC. Goi
O li trong tdm crja trl di6n d6u ABC vd D,,
= (DO) n (ABC) (D, cung ld trong tAm cria
met ABC). ThO thi ta c6 :
MD' u(MABQ u(MABQ
nay Ia :
04 = ,AABT =

MD' = *uMABA
o

OO

V MD' ll DO, n6n ta drJoc :

4-+

u(ABCD)MD' =
MD) ;
1u(MABC)(MO Chfng minh trrong td ta duoc cric h6 thfc

sau:
u(ABCD)IulA'
.,5

4-+

,u(MBCD) .(MO - MA)

+4-+
u(ABCD)MB': ,u(MCDA) . (MO - MB)
J
4++
u(ABCD)MC' =,u(MDAB) . (MO - MC)
t,

Mi6n trl di6n

ABCD) :
---t
+
u(MBCD) .MA +u(MCDA)MB +
+ u1uoAB1ilc + uluenqtfo =d
vit, : u(MBCD) + u(MCDA) + u(MDAB) +
+ u(MABC) = u(ABCD)
Trl cric hQ thrlc tr6n ta drJoc :
++++4;
Met kh6c, lai cd (vi M

iOO

-t

oAt' oBt b7,

u(ABCD)

kho&ng crich ttl

M ddn cdc canh BC, CA, AB vd h li chi6u cao
cria tam gi6c ddu ABC. T)rrd thi ta cci :

Tuong td, ta duoc :

++42+
t, oB,
M-|', =
MC'=

trong trl di6n vd song song v6i

ddy ABC, trong d6 Ar B, vd C, dtlac xac
dinh bdi :

!.r^u*r'
+

"

Ldi giai I
Goi r, y, vd. z ldn lrrot ld

AFpr nim

MA'+MB'+MC'+MD'=iMO.
Dac bi6t, M e mi6n tam giric IABCI thi
M = D' vi ta drloc
:

litr'+ -'+Mn'+ffi'=f,ffo.
Dodd:

+4trong tdm A'B'C' +3MG:

,MO e
+
5*.
OG = =OM.
I
Tt dd suy ra :
{Ml = Mi6n [.43C] <=='{G} : Mi6n [Appi
G

li

- \/

z Nhd hQ guong cd.u dbng td.m

BldiLZl242.

k=519

n*uiri ta nhd.n duoc d'nh cia Mqt triti

(Mi6n IABCD.

bAn

ian hinn ua). C6 thd thay hQ bd.ng m.Qt thd.u

t,

Nh4n x6t : 1o). Tuy bni torin khOng h6i

quj tich ctta G, nhung nhi6u ban d6 d6t vdn
dd tim quf tich cria G vi cho ldi giei dring vi

kinh h|i tu m6ng c6 tiu. cu f bd.ng bao.nhiu

dd cung cho d.nlf cilng kich thudc ? Bidt riing
ban kirth cita cac phuong Rt : 12cm, R) =
30cm.

chat chc. Cd ba ban str dung phrrong phdp toa

dd cung di ddn kdt quA. Dring tidc, ctng cbn
mOt d6i b4n giAi sai.

20) Ban Dd Dtlc Hqryh 11T, DHKHTN DHQG Ha NOi cbn stt dung phrrong phdp tim
ti cri, dec bi6t srl dgng tinh chdt chidu drroc
cria tdm ti cri viro vi6c gi6i bii to6n tr6n. Ban
Nguydn COng Minh, 11T, trudng PTTH Ha
NOi - Amsterdam cbn d6 xudt bAi torin tdng
qu6t : Thay trl di6n ddu bing trl diQn bdt ki,
thay ph6p chi6u vudng g6c bing ph6p chidu
song song l6n cric mat theo phuong Anh drrdng
trong tuydn tr.rong fng.
3o) NgoAi ba ban H4 Han.h vi COng, cftc ban sau d6y c6

ldi giii ror , Nguyn Tidn Mqnh,l2A. PTTHNK NgO Si LiCn,

Bfc Giang. Ddng Anh Tudn, l2-1, Trdn Ph[, Hai Phbng ;
TRbn Nam Dnng, l2T PTTH Phan BOi Chau, NghpAn ; te
Quang Nim 12T, PTNK DIIQG thdnh phd Hb Chi Minh.

NGUYEN DANG PHAI'

Htrdng d6n gini. Tr] so dd tao 6nh

Gz
Gt
hQ guong (AB-----"-'---+
L

AFrl vi

ArBr-

qua

qua

thdu kinh (AB--------+ A'B') tinh d6 phring dai k

qua hC vir'k' qua thdu kinh. TrI di6u ki6n dd
6N era, : A'b', suy ra phai cti | frl : I k'l
.

Mu6n

"av

d',

d'z

la4l:

-a, l, tim auoc

B,iri Lll242 : Khi qud. b6ng tennis roi tit

H xudng ua chqm uin chidc uot tennis
dtng yan, thi n6 nd.y ln dAn dQ cao nhi horu,
chi Oiirug 0,9H. H6i phd.i cho chidc uqt tennis
chuydn dQrug ln phia ffan udi uQn tdc h1c sd.p

Trung Dftng 10L, trud"ng L Hbng Phdng, Nam Ninh i Hb

Linh Phi,12 Li Phan BQi Chau, Yir:,}:' (Ngh An) ; Trinh Minh

ua charn bang bao ruhiau dd qud. b6ng lq.i naA

lan ddn dQ cao H nhu trudc.

Tudnl2Az,PTTHBimSonThanh H,fu ; Luuthi Minh NguyQt,

llA chuyn Vinh Phri ; L Hdi Thdnh 11 Li, Trung hoc NIng
khi<ir, Quing Binh.

dQ cao

Hudng ddn gi6i. Goi W li co neng cria

RtRz

f -----------lficnt.
^ =
' = a(R2- R)
Nhfln x6t. Cac em c6 ldi giii dring v2r gon : N5'rzvErr

MAI ANI,I

tn

dc khi va ch4m. Theo d6 bdi,

va cham co neng cria quA b<5ng chi

quA b<ing hic

sau khi
cbn b6ng 0,9!V, cdn 0,1W bidn thinh nhiQt.
Dd khAo srit chuydn d6ng cria quA bcing, chgn
hQ quy chidu chuydn d6ng cing vdi vot l6n
tr6n v6i vAn t6c u (u ld vdn t6c phAi tim) ;
trong h6 quy chidu nAy, vgt drlng y6n, cdn
qui bring d dQ cao H cci vdn t6c u hrr6ng xudng,
Ap dung dinh ludt bAo toirn cd neng (x6t hic
trr'16c va cham) ta c6 :
o,e

.ry)

(msH
{TFE
UuYrau:--t-.

*rr.

cAc od vAr Li
(Tidp theo trang 10)

B,ni LZl248 z MQt xe chd nudc, chuo dity

tlttdc, c6 thd lan hhOng ma sdt trn mOt mQt
ph&ng nilm ngang nhi hinh uC. Nudc co hh6i
luqng riAng lit. D, Ndu mQt tia nxdc nd.nl ngaru1,
c6 tiilLlian lit a chay qua 16 A udi uQn tdc u
= ,[W ihi ngoqi lic? td.c dun! ud.o thd.nh
B cia xe phd;i bd.ng bao nhiau ?
'TO GIAN(;

(Ha Noi)

Nh6n x6t. C6c em cri ldi giai dung vi gon

Minh, 12A, PTTH Hd Huy Tap,
Vlqh (Nghp An)__; Ngt2/ln^Ph_ic H_d.-i, _12 Br,
TH chuy6n ban lJ6ng Bi, Quing Ninh.
:

Ngo T;.i L

MAI AN[{

Trcng d6 xr,

x2, ..., xrlir.cd.c sd th4tc duong.

Chrtng minh rd.ng trong hai bidu thuc trn co

it

nhdt m\t bidu thttc hh6ng nh,6 hon

NGO VAN

.I:LIAI

(Thii tlinh)

CAC LOP THCS

B,ni TU248 ; Cho mQt tam. gid.c c6 sd do
cac canh lit x, y, z nguyAn thda mdn

Bidi T71246 z Chtlng minh rang phuong

trinh
x3 +y3

= (x +y)2 + (*y)2

khOrug c6 nghiQm nguyAn d.uong.

'h2 +}yz +2rz -Lty +2xz -20: O

Chung minh : d6 ld. tant gidc dbu,

TRAN NnM I)[IN(,

('I'P.

TRUONG CONG CTIONG

(I-am Diing)

Bei T8/246 : Tim tdt cd cd,c hd.m.

f:(1,*o)+(0;+oo)

Bidi T21248 :.Gid.i phuong trinh

thtu mdn t f(r1e64) =

x+3(2-Zx2)2:2

fee61x1',

PHAM HUNG
(H6 Noi)

B,di't3lz(B : Cho sd thqtc a th6a mdn

a5 -a3 -la -2 = 0 . Chrtng minh rd.ng :
at6 + aLz +

7aB

w<1J4

+ lzo,4 +

rld Chi Minh)

12 1-

DOAN,QUANG MANH

vx.

TO xuAN rrAl
(Hai DucJng)

Brdi T91246 z : Cho tu gid.c ABCD n\i tidp

trong rudt dudng tritn. Hai duitng cheo AC uit
BD c&t nhau tai I. Chilng m,inh :

AB CD BC*rc
AD IA IC IB
cD+ an+ en

ID

tc+ te* to* ta

(HAi Phdng)

Bidi T41248 z Qua dinh B uir C crta tum

gidc ABC ud cd.c tidp tuydn uoi duitng trbn
ngoai tidp cita tam gid.c ABC" Cor tidp tuydn
niry cdt nhau tai M. WN ld. trung didm, cfia
BC. Chrtng minh : BAM = CAN
NGUYEN XUAN HUNG
(Thanh H6a)

Prr^M NGQ.(;flHt:,:

BAi T10/248 z Cho hinh chu nhdt ABCD

nQi tidp duirng trdn td.m O, c6 d.0 dd.i cac canlt
ld AB = a ; BC = b. Didm M chuydn dQng
trn dudng tritn. Tim gid. tri ldn nhd.t ud nhd
nhdt crta S = MA + MB + MC + MD.
NCO VAN FIIEI'

Bei T51248 z Cho tam gia.c

ABC. Bitlt rdrug

^ :28 = 4C . Chtng minh rdng
A
:
.111
AB= BC- AC'
NGUYEN MINH HA
(Ha Noi)

Bii

CAC LOP THPT

T6/246 z Cho hai bidu thtc

xt

x)
x,z+x3 x.3+x.4
xt

N=---+
x,n'f x2

xn-l
xn
xn*x, xt*rz

(H) Noi)

CAC oE VAT LV
Bali LttZ+S z Cho doqn marh c6 so db nhu

L, = ', {n), r, = # 1.
HiAu diAn thd_Eoay chibu giila hai dd.u A
ua Q ia u = DNV sihpoatilil.
Cgdng dO dbng diAn chay troig mach i =,
1,2 rl2 sin(L0$tt) (A). X lit doqn mqch gbm hai
trong ba phdrt fi R, L hoac C mac tl6i tidp
hinh

utc. Cho

hodr song song. Hdy xdc dinh cd.u tao cia

doan m,ach X.

x.
xl

: +...+

xn-l
xn
xr_Z*xn xn_l*xL

_a_

oO vAN'roAN

,"

x.1

(DI-ISI'Vinh)

Ao- sele.,--1^ffi-+u
Lr

C,"

(Xcrn tidp trang

10

9S

has no positiue integer solution'.

'181248. Find all functions

prohlelfi5 inthishsue
FOR LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
'111246. Suppose that the measures of the
sides of a triangle are three integers x, y, z
sotisfying tlrc relation :
2-x' + 3y! +2zz - 4xy +?-xz -20 : 0
Proue that the triangle is equilateral.
.

x+3(2-k2)2=2.

ft*1e64)

oE

a12

+.:,a8 + t?n4 + Lz

+lag +7a4 +12

(l

for au

condition

x.

rnr ruvEn

...

(Tidp theo bia 3)

Proue that :
o12

fesa

(0

!r

a5-a3*a-2=0.
a

T91246. The two diagonals AC and BD of

a quadrilateral ABCD, inscribed in a circle,
intersect at I. Proue that :
ABr- CD-L-BCr-.<AD IA f- IC a- IB -L-ID
CD, AB, AD, BC - -IC IA' ID IB
T101246. Let be giuen a rectangle ABCD
with sid.es AB = a, BC = b, inscribed. in a
circle u;ith ceruter O. A point M moues on the
circle. Find the greatest and the least ualues

Tg1246. Let a be a real num.ber satisfying

the equation

ot6

satisfying the

; +)

ofS=MA+MB+MC+MD.

TZl248. Salue the equation

**)

f : (l

Cdu VB. 1) (0,75 didm)

"t4

T41248. The tangents of the circunrcircle

of a triangle ABC at B and at C intersect at
M. IEt N be the midpoint of BC. Proue that :

6rtr = ffi:.
T51248. Suppose

that the angles of

triangle ABC satisfy the

A:28 :4C . Proue that :
111

a
relations,

x2

= b' : C' = A', Ab =

+E-C + d-&
ill.i,t = tVb
'I

xn

J----L-

xn*x, xr*x,

+... +
N = --f
xn*x, + --1xr*x,

rn-l
*,
* an-z*xn'n*-r*xr'
+
where x1 t x2t ...t xn are positiue num,bers.
Proue that at least one of these expressions is
n
not less than i
2

T71246. Proue that the equation

(x

Do Ia

AC

"O

=Z

tril'B=-i6.
z

--+1+l---++1-->---+
CN =
;CD =.rfAo

- BC) = ,(c - a)

---+1-*---+
Yiy MN = r(o -b +c)

p,l =,ftwtr =
lr+---)-?+++-\

:1 ;

(az +uz +c2

-2ff+2;-2b4"

a
+MN=w.

2) (1,25 didm) n =

,n

r3 +y3

=i, EA=f , B-D = i.

xn_l

xr*x, xr*xo
r,--tx.^

diQn d6u
O,'

FOR UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS

T51248. Consider the eipressions

xl

Ki hiu Et
-l:-l-?i.*+#Az

AB= BC* ec

i,l--

trl

p=

C3zoooo,

m = Cloo,

C|onu

100.5000.2 4999

m,

2000. 19999. 19998

2.3
0,0009

*y)2 + (*y)z
11

rfr euA cuQc rHr cral roAN vA vAr Lf

cHi roAru Hoc vA rudt

ruAnn Hec tess - 1se6

TREN TA'P
I

_.

DANH sAcH cz(c sAN

ooAr crdr

a.naOn roAN

I.Giei xudt sic

TrQn_ludnAnh,8T
Khrinh Hda.
__-

LC Quy Ddn, Nha

Trang,

II.Giii nhdt

VA_HlttL^g, 12D Chuy6n ngir, Dai

-hocl.Neryyq\
Qu6i Gia Hd Nor

^'
AN

2.Duong Van Yn,'

llT

Phan B6i Chdu, Ngh6

Nam Dttng, 10 chuyOn Phan B6i

lit Dung, 10 chuy6n Phan B6i
^. ! Ngdy.A1,
Chiu.
NihG An
Kha,9T Trdn DEngNinh, Nam
D'f;htrl"iNgqc
_-' 6.8ili Vidt L|c,9A Nguy6n Tnrdng T6, Ha
3.T1Qn

^_
Chau.
Nsh6 An

N0i

vi"1;?rio3d,ng
Y

Quang, 9A chuvOn Tam D&o,

d:.W#hM;i!

t{atotrr,

er

Nguven Du, Gd

_ Q.Dod.n Ph.uong,8T Trdn Dang Ninh, Nam.

Dinh
__' t0.Etd-Thanh

Tudn,8T Trdn Dang Ninh,

Nam Dinh
11 Trdn Tdt Dat, 8A Chu Van An. He NOi
_ 12. Nguydn Tr'oig Kin, 8T Trdn Dang
Ninh. Nain"Dinh
l1-Vil,.Trlin Cudng, 8T Trdn Dang Niph,
-Nam Dinh

III.Giai nhi
__ l. Dinh Trung Hd.ng,12M Mari Quyri, Hh
N6i
2. Phap Duy Hitng,12 THPT Ddo Duy Tt,
^
hruans
l,lnn
Z_e $nh Y4,12 chuy6n Qudc hoc Hud,
:_
?
ThrIa Thi6n - Hu6.
Ngec, 11B Dai hoc Tdng
-hop.4 lrfui-Nguyan
DHOG Ela"Noi
Nguvn, 11 chuvon

a|'lin!,s

Ngoc Hung, 11 Lam Son, Thanh

"-f"aflfi'gS3
nf,{,WSutAi;
__ :1. L.e Vaq An, 11 chuy6n Phan B6i ChAu,

NEh6 An

p.
Son, 11 Chuy6n Phan B6i
^i Nguy1_ru.Xud.n
unau.
Nsne An
9.D6Ngqc Anh,l0Art6 Hdng Phong, Nam
Dinh
' L0. D6 Hbne Soz, 10T Lam Son Thanh
Hria.

1!. Nsuydn Anh Trt.gCT Tt Li6m. Hn NOi

Quang viih,9A Neuyon Trudng
rO,lftuPftBfl

t2

'

L3._Pham Hodng Anh, 9 chuy6n VT Thrrdng

Tin.

rRE

Hi

TAv

NSui1nVan Quang, 9T Lam Son, Thanh

,n!+.
15.!,!gu1_6n Ttudn At1h.,9T Phan Chu Trinh,
Bu6n Mi Thu6t. Ddc Ldc
_- L6._Trd.n Miih Tod.n, BT Trdn Dang Ninh,
Nam Dinh
IV. Giii ba
_ _ I. Nguydn Quang Hdi, 12 chuyOn torin Hiing
Vrrono-"P-hri Tho
2.Tgaydn NbQt Nam, 72A,I PTTH Vring
_
Tdu. BiHia - Vune Tiu'
MinE Tud.n, 11 Dao Duy Tt,
^ 5. Nsuilrl
OuAne
Birih
4. P_lrqnlfloiri I.Qn g, 1 1CT Lrrong Th6Vinh,
_
Bi6n Hda. D6ns Nai
5. Nei^rydn Bi Phons. 10A chuvdn torin
DHSP. DHOG HE Ndi "'
___8-?!ro" Linh, l0T Ha N6i - Amsterdam,
HE N6i
gA THCS C6c Ldu,
g^?tt"g Phuong Dong,

Ld:
8. Ngzydry. Thi Ngoc Anh, 9T Lc H6ng
_PhonE. Yeh B6i
Lan Anh, 9A Trtr4g Nhi, Ha
_,^9."N7uydn
1\ 01
Ngoc Anh,9T Trdn Dang Ninh,
-_'10.-Triin
Nam Dinh
_. 11. Phq,mThu Huong,9A, H6ngBAng, HAi
Phdne

lf C_qo Xudn Sinh, 9T Nga Li6n, Nga Son,

_
Thanh Hda.

Triin \-hu Qrlang, 9- chuv6n

_
Tri.1Q.
Phrrone. Thta Thief Hud

9T chuy6n

Nguy6n

Chi Thirnh,
LO Khidt,
^- 14. Y0
OuAns
NsAi.
157DAhe Thu Huons. 8T chuvOn Phri Tho.
. 76^Ngu!6nNhu Chu6n, 8NK Thudn Thdnh,
_
l1ac Lilans.
__ Ll. Nduvdn Hod.ng Lam, 8A Chu V6n An.

HaN6i""

_ 18.!hqm Ngoc Hung, 8? Trdn Dang Ninh,

Nam Dinh
L9 NguydnVd,n Trurug ,8T Trdn Dang Ninh,
-,
Nam Diilh
Npu
20. N_eUydry
Thd.i Bdo,8A Di6n Xudn, Di6n
^_ 2O.
Chdu.
NEh6 An
Phn, 8Tl Nguv6n
NsuvCn An
_- 21'. Chans Nhdn Phn.
phd HCM
KhrlonE. Hric"M6
Hric" IVI6n.
thinh
ifCM -'" -'I6n.
0n. thlnh
thdnh ht"ra'
bhd
HCM
ZZ.Yham Thii Vd.n Giahg,8A chuy6n Bac
_

Li6u.
__ 23. !_hqm*Dinh Qudc Hung, 7T Trdn Dang
Ninh, Nain Dinh.

V. Giai khuydn khich

l. L Van Manh 12 chuvdn Hda Binh
phSrflgd Duc Duy,12 chu5ien fian Phri, tlai
Hoitng Viet,12A PTTH Chi Linh,
__-1.!riin
HAi Drrons
4. Thdi Minh Hod,ns. 12T, Vinh Lonp
5. Le Thdi Nnai. t?l, rnfrn ffi;;--''
_, 6.Nguydn Hoang Giarlg,llT PTNK ThAi
l?HT*-f"d&
A.nh,l18 chuyen tod.n, DHrH,
DHQG Ha N6i

8. Hit. Duv Httng, 11 chuyn tin, Trdn Phri,

HAi Phdns
9. Trinh Huu Trung, 11T Lam Son, Thanh
Hcia

Nso" Huns' 11r Lam son'

rrrlr?r {fo?*
Ll. Hoimg Tryrug Tuydn, 11A PTTI{ Ha
Truns. Thanh Hda "
lf.'Phqrn Tudn Anh, 11A chuy6n DHSP
Vinh. NshG An
t3. Ik'Htu Ths, 11A PTTH Nghia Ddn,
NEh6 An
"14. Phanr Hbne Thd.i, 11A, Ddo Duy Tt,
OuAnE Binh
" 15: Dirn XuAtr. Vinh, llT Qu6c hqc Hud,

Thrla Thi6n - Hud

16. Le Triu Phone. L6 Quf Ddn. Di Nens
L7. Phan Anh Hu!, llU2Le Quy D6n, D[
Nans
18. Pha1, Thanh Hd.i,11T Theng Long, Dir
Lat.
Ddns
' 19.Lim
Luonp Xudn Thriv. 11A Bdn Tre
" 20. DLne"Thirnh Truhg,10 chuy6n PTNK

tinh HAi'DYrons
21. Trd.n PEuons. 10. Ha NOi
22. Neuydn AnhYIoa,'l0A L6'Hdng
Nam Difih"

Phong,

__ 23. Pham Anh Tud.n,10T Lam Son, Thanh

Hda
24. Nsuvdn Anh Duonp. Thanh Hda

_.25. frah ruuu Lrlc, DZo Duy Tt, QuAng

Binh
26. Nsuydn L Luc,10CT DH Tdng hgp
TP. HCM
27.Yu Tud,n Anh, 9CT THCS Nang khidu
_
Thrii Nsuv6n
28,yu-Anh Tudn, gCT THCS Nang khidu
_
Th:ii Nsuvn
29. Dd Thi Hita Nhd, THCS Nang khidu
Thrii Neuv6n'
30. N{uyen Van Manh, 9T THCS Nang
khidu ThEiNsuvn
3l . Ld,m Mdnlt Tuong ,9A THCS Hop Giang,
Cao Bans
32. Nfiuydn Thu Hdng,9 Nang khidu Bdc
-Ninh
33-lhqry1 fld.i Trung,9T Neng khidu Ti6n
Son. B6c Ninh
^.54. Phitng Duc Drtng,9T Nang khi6u B6c
Grans
35-Oao Manh Thang, gB Chuy6n Vi6t Tri,
_
Phrl Tho
36. Danp Hoqne Viet HiL
_ 37. PhqYn Hd.i'Truitg, 9T Ti6n Son, Bic
Ninh
38. B_ii !{anh l{itng, 9H Chuy6n Tnrng
-_
Vrtons. Ha Niii
SglVu Thaih Hilng,9T Chuy6n DOngAnh,
HA N6i
40'D6 Minh Chd.u,9T Chuy6n Ddng Anh,
_
HN N6i
__ 41.'Phan Chi,9A Chuy6n ngrl, DH QG He
t\ ol
'
42. Neuydn Thi Hbng Dung,9T Trdn D[ng
Ninh. NEni Dinh'
45. D6 Qudb Bdo,9T Trdn Dang Ninh, Nam
Dinh
' 44. D5 Anh Tud.n,9 Chuy6n Thudng Tin,
Hn TAv
45 Neuydn Hd. Duy, 9T Chuy6n Phri Xuy6n,
HA TAv" "
46."Cao Xud.n Hba, 9A, Hdng Bing; HAi
_
Phbne
47. Doitn Mqnh Hd, 9A Ti6n Ldng, HAi
Phdns
a8".Iq lhd.nh Dinh,9T Nang khidu Trdn
Pht, Hai Phdng

. 49. Cao Thi Ly,9 Nang khi6u Vu Thu, Thdi

Binh
- 50. Hod.ng Minfu Ditng, 9A THCS Xi mnng
" Son. TEanh Hcia
Bim
5L . Le'Thi Tdm, 9A}Jrtng Dring, Vinh, NghO
An
"" 52. Trdn Thi Thiv. gT Nsns khidu Hd Tinh
5i. Nsuydn'Mv Eianh,9T Nang khidu Hd
Tinh
54.V0 Si Nam,9CT Neng khiSu Drlc Tho,
Hd
Tinh
--- 55-.-Mai
Titnp Son.9T Nane khidu Ha Tinh
56. Mai Thail.hViet,9AQud6 hoc Quy Nhon,
Binh Dinh
. 57.$ai Xud.n Hi'u, 9A D6ng Da, Quy Nhon,
Binh Dinh
58. Hb Tit Vti.9T LC Khi6't.'9T
Qudns NeEi
L6-Kh-ict,
59. Vo Trd.n'Nguyan LQc,
OuAns
Nsii
- 60: LE Hoans Dis K-hqlh, 9T- Chuydn
*

*gr^il*i,rjB*;#i'ir't3%,1[f t,

NoAi

u,

?62. Tran Thi M7 An,9A LrrongVan Ch6nh,

Phri YOn
63. Neu.yda. Ngqc Miruh, 9A Lrrong Van
Ch6nh. Phri Ycn "
64-.-'Triin. Minh DOrug, Lrtong Vdn Chrinh,
*Phri Y6n
65. Phs.m Ngec Td.n, Lrrong Van Chrinh,
Phri Y6n
66 Hd Minh Neqc,9ll5 Trdn Hrrng D4o,
Bi6n Hda. DdnE NI6i
67. Phary. fin Tidn,9Al THCS Ban c6ng
Ddm Doi.'Ci NIau
Hod.ng Chuong,8T Nang khidu

mfl8rrils"f{i"

6 . Fhq.m Tudn Anh,8A Lrrong Th6 Vinh,

HA N6i
Anh Qud.n,SA Nguy6n Tnrdng ?Q,
Ha7$b{Vgd

'IO.
^^7lr_Dgq.Phuong
'tla Nor

Bdc, BA Nguy6n Tnrdng

Minh Hoir.i,8A, Chu Van An,

Tud.n Anh, 8 Nggc LAm, Gia
14-Phqm Thu Giang, 8T Trdn Dang Ninh,
Nam Dinh
75. Dd.o Hoitng Anh,8T Trdn Dang Ninh,
Nam Dinh
76. Trd.n NEuyan Thq,8T Nnng khiSu Thi
xa Hi Tinh
- 77. Dinh Cqo Cudrye, 8 Chuv6n Ba Ddn,
OuAnE Trach. OuAnE Biirh
' 78: Nsivdh frtinfqudn, 8T Chuyn Nghia
Hdnh. Q"uihs Nsai
"Quan'g

HaKblgrydn
_ ^7}.|!!gyyen
Iram. .t:la 1\Ol

Trturug,

8A

Chuyn

80. Dod.n Neqc Minh,SCT HiQp ThAnh,

^"1$,rds"fa"
Ddu MOt. BinE'Duons

Th0

Al. Nhuyen ehi ffrdruh, 8T, Nguy6n Binh

Khi6m. Vifi Lone
82.'Le Hodng Coryg,7T Pham Huy Quang,
DOnE Httns. Th'6i Bifih
83.Luoilg ThdNhd.n, TCT Chuy6n Bac Li6u

B. uON vAr

Giii nhdt

uf

Chuy6n ly
118,', B^
Phane D-uy
(',
Ha Ndi
DHTH, DHQG -Hutte,

Giii nhi :
Dinh Thin h, 1 lCL Phan B6i Chau,
- Nguydn
An
Nghd
(xem tiop rran1, 2)
13

cHo cAc BAN cHUAN B! THr vAo DAr Hec

DANH

:-

-a.

(HOH }I TRTIC D CRC THICH HgP

[a?o.^.o-,"\ra
DG 6rnt ffior [CIp cRC Bnt tonhl
a

TRAN N(}IJYNN CIINTI

(PI-|H

Trong qu6 trinh tim kidm ldi giai cho nhitng

bdi todn v6 vectd trong kh6ng Stan, nhrtng
ban chudn bi 6n thi dai hqc thdy vdt vi, d ch6

kh6ng bidt b6t ddu tt ddu, bidn ddi nhu thd

nio ? T6i nghi ndu ta chgn h6 truc D6 c6c
thich hop thi bii toSn trd n6n quen thu6c vi
cd hrr6ng giAi ro rdng. TOi xin d6n ra diy vii

vi

-->

t)uY XuYCn

d.idm. chia CD' th.eo ti

Giai
--+ +
1) Bidu thi B'M, B'N
Chon hG truc nhu hinh

Bei

1. (Cdu Va d6 74 Tuydn sinh dai hoc).

Cho lQp phuong ABCDA'B'C'D'. Gsi M, N
uit.

Quing Nam)
n

NC :ND' = n.
-->++
--+ ---t
1) Bidu thi B'M,B'N theo a,b,c ud nL, n.
2) Xac d.inh rn, n dd MN song song B'D.
3t Tinh dO ddi MN.

du.

lan luot lir trung didm. AD

*t td

Sho Nam

v6.

BB'chtng minh

MNIAC,

GiAi A

Lric dci B'

A'(a, 0, 0)
B'(0, 0, 0)
c'(0, 0, c)
D'(a, 0, c)

Cho hQ trgc toa dQ nhrr hinh v6. Lric d<j ta cd

0) D(o, 0, 0).
0) B'(0, a, a),
A'(0, 0, a).
C(a, a,0)
. Vdi o li d6 ddi canh cria l6p phrrong.'
A(0, 0,
B(0, a,

,a

M trung didm AD n6n M(Z , 0,

+,aacr

: t;,;,;)

+a2a2-=-'-'>

MN

cdn AO

.AC: -+z2+++0 :

:b
:
l"l .

16l

Do

+ +
b
vi NC:A'D' = z+N- ('-na
f _", | _n,,
---)
o
b
YdvB'M=(-\1-m'l-nr'l-nt)- -nrc
nfruc- --\-

=l-*-l-*-t-ri

= (a,a,o)

0 "+ MN

o)
c)

B(0, b,
C(0, b,
D(a, b, c)

ffa,ytZ'=r/L+M I-:-L-. ,-""

\1-;'l-ru'Tjnr)

, a a'
N trung didm BB' n6n N \0,r,r)
IvIA

A(a,bO) v6i o:ld

B'N:
AC

l1-"'1-"'c )=1-n+ t -r+c

n.
2) Xd.c dinh m.,--->

MN ll B'D eMN cung phrrong B'D.

dpcm.

Bei 2. (IVa db 123 Tuydn sinh Dai kqc).

DQt
Cho h6o
'+ ABCDA'B'C'D'.
'' chu ruhdt
+
+

B'A'=a,B'B=b B'C'=c
M lit d.idm chia AC' theo ti m nghia
Goi
--+

ld MA:'MC'
t4

:m

| -n

I -nt

bb
l-"-L-*

= (a, b, c).

Giai
Theo dd cho

mc
*-:| -m

-n111
l-m-l-n
-l-n

cd

thd chon ,'=

(1,0)

,-=

(0, 1)
Ta xAy dung hQ trgc nhrl hinh v6.

l-m-

:1 +;l

nL

-m

lmn-\=-nt*n
l-nz*nL=l-n

<-

3) D0 dili MN
Cd

+l-oaab
-l,fN= r---..:--

Gqi W'= (WyW2)

/'"r'\
\ t -o ' | -m

, L
+t
'\t-ru-

vd theo dd ta cd

+ ---)

thru

PAI +PBI < PCI.

?t
nl
I

i
l

A --?^?

r
h ,_2/'

rk5\
\

ciai

--/

5-_.__

\v

Ta trang bi h6 tnrc nhrr hinh vE

A(a, 0, 0)
B(0, 6, 0)
C(0, 0, 0)
Ggi P(x,

y,3) _

PA2+PBz<PE
<-rl+y.2+22

<-(r-a12+22+b/-a)2<0
lx=a
o{Y:6
P(a,b,0)

Bgq

c:iua

--->

(Wz,O)

=a(0<q.<1)
MN:-aAB*AD+(a-l)AA'
bt Tinh trA' ,ptAr ud. MP.AC'. co thd noi
ui tri AC' ddi udi mp (MNPr
Bdi 3. Cho ldp phuong ABCDA'B'C'D' canh
d.. Ld.y didm M thuQc AD', didnt N thuQc BD.
Vai AM : Dltr = r (0 < x, < d{r)
ub

a) Ching ninh

t-

dinh thrl 4

G1 =\W;W=1dpcm.
Dd k6't thfc bdi viSt niy t6i xin mdi c6r:
ban ctrng giAi nhitng bii tAp sau.
Bdi I. (Cdu Vo d6 144 Tuydn sinh Dai hoc)
Cho lQp phuong ABCD.A'B'C'D'canh a. Goi
P, Q ld didm xdc dJlrh bg
+
ilP - -AD' ,C'Q = -C'D.
a) Chung ninh PQ qua trung didnt M cio
BB'
bt Tinh do dd,i PQ
Bdi 2. (Dd thi vdo DH Tdng hop Ha n6i
1993). Ch.o lQp phuong ABCDA'B'C'D' co cac
sanh. la, 1. TrAn BB', CD, A'D'. Ldry M, N, P

gi

[(r - d)z + yz + z2] + lx2 + (y - il2 + z2l

l'='
Vay tap hop cdn tim cri 1 phdn tt

4 *4:

.rDu = W2(1,0) =
Vay di= (W2, -W)
(u

BAi 3. (Bai l0ll4g Torin hoc tudi trd

6/1986). Cho b,ABC,uuang d C. Tim nhfing

--->

Ydy @. W)u = Wl(0, 1) = (0, I4/l)

1 .r
i-1az;+
l-nt)

didnr
P +^
trong khOng gian
+^
+^

arl2

udi, = -f

thi MN ngan

nhd.t

dd ld

hinh chrr nh}t ACBP.

(CAu Va dd 65 Tuydn sinh Dai hqc).

Cho u.,u'g aO dd.i lit 1. Chting miruh rarug.,

v6.i nroi!gi40 Qij3lbns phd.ns udi u,u
thi a = (u .rDu - (u .l\u co dQ ddi khAng ddi.

Khi MN ngan nhd.t hd.y ching minh.

1l MN ld. doan uuhng goc chung cita AD'
ud, DB
2I MN II A'C
c) Chung minh hhi x ddi MN ll (A'BCD'I.
(DA 42 cdu 5b).
b)

l5

\At1

DE THI TUYEN SINH MON TOA,N I{AM

AA?\A

rnUdrue DAr Hgc ctAo THONc vAru

Ciu I.

1) KhAo sdt stl bi6n thi6n

hdm sd

vG dd

thi

cria

"

x-l

b6 nhdt

cta hirm
Cflu II.

1) Giai phttone trinh ltrone gid.c sau

a cosrf - 1ftsfi - sTn?) : 2
2) Tim ru dd bdt phttong trinh :
\m-fz[B -.D > m + e-2 -br + 3) th6a
.rr1
;

3'(cotet

(x.

-.a+!'=O

[, 7 2;!(2) = 2
_.^
I lem can ouns :
x ='L vi iim/(r)": -"o ;lim/(r)
-

x+l
Ti6m cdn xi6n

- +*

r*l*

! = i - I vi limff(r) -(; :
.r+
- BAng bidn thi6n
-@012+
:

1)J

Ox. c6t Ov tai (0. -2r

- Dd thi kh6ns cit
vd cci
c<i tAm
tdm d6i
il6i xfng
xrtffe (1 ;;0)
0) - Cai
Ce6. ban
bdn td,
tu v6
ve.
1
2) (1 didm). Ta cci y = sin2x * sinx -;

v6ir:0
t 1
1-cosr
f(x)=l
'\/ [ ,
vdix*O
Chgy = sin25r. Tim y(')
?
Cnu fV.

1) Troqg hQ toa dd Dd c5c vu6ng g6c Oxyz

cho ba di6lfir

(o,i,o),r
"a) G,o,o),"
Vidt phrrong

OAi r = ;rr, . t-1"; 1l drra v6 tim gi? trt

l6n nhdt, b6 nhdt cita y - t2 + t -1 v6i r e
[-1 ; 1]. Vi y' = 2t + 1 nen cri bing bidn thi6n
:

r,|)

r,
trinh siao tuv6h cria m6t
p.h.alg VIKI\ vdi Inat phitg x *2 = 0 d darig
chinh tdc..
-b) Tinh cosin cria edc phine tao bdi mnt
nniisrlffA vdi mat \oa ao oiy.'
1

r/9

{(*.*d-*#,),,

I-\
Do dci !r.N =

Ciu II

*co

----n-.---,

33

2;lnN

1) (1 didm). Di6u

sirrr

kien

cosx

*0
t

-e+

Ciu Va (CPB).
I
1) Tim limrcos:

** kn
Z

f)^Tim m dd h6 bdt phttong trinh

*sinr -sinrcosr) ( :- --e- 1 = 6

* X6t : cosr * sin-r - .;,Ji3# = dot' '
Dat / = sinr * cosr : \trZ cos (. -i) .
l- t[2 ; {2] din ddn t2-- 2t - I = o c+
i = | t rl2-, chi c6 t: | -{Z E l-E;{7t
r nt. 1-V2 t2-2 o
Il.hr do : cos(*-_4) =-fr-:
2
.n
.tlZ -Z.
*=i*arccos(=,
) +zhn \k e z).

lr'-1<0
I
^
l(m-x'\(x*m\<0

v6 nshi6m.

"

Cau Vb'(THCB).
1) Cho trl di6n ddu ABCD. Goi M. N ld
trun-g didm tuong rlng cria cdc cairh AB, CD
vd CB : o. Tinh-do dfei MN
2) Mlt dot xd s6 bhat hanh 20000 vd trong
dci cri 1 eiAi nhat. I00 siei nhi. 200 siAi ba]
1000 siAitu va 5000 ei5i khuvdn khi6h. Tiri
xdc suEt dd m6t ngttdi-m.ua 3 v6, trring 1 giii
nhi vd 2 g:rei khuv-dn khich.

oAp Arrl roM TXr

CAUI:

1) (1 didm)

@eZ)

Phuong trinh drra v6 dang

-r+u^x

16

nrQr

L-r,s)

Cnu III.1) Tim dao hdm cria hhm s6 :

'

HA

- L't'
pr = 0;t(OJ: -2

tri l6n nhdt vn gi6 tri

+f,
s6 : y : sinx "or2,

mdnvr

Chi6u bidn thi6n

J^,t-1-L

-%, +2

2) Tim gi6

x2

vi

rdl

L997

T4p x5c dinh : x

* X6t :353
" 5
sttlx- cosx 0 c+ tsx==

x.=arclg

* l.

(cosr

S+hn

Trimlai
i
'r*=

e+

(k e Z).

lL

,{Z-2,

a*..""o"1 Z

g
I-x=arctge+hn

)+zk;r (kez)

2) (1 diam) Dat t

: rl[t + zya -r;

ttri

-L-+

,-1n.7\12 1
"=1"'4l
BZt phrrong trinh th6a m6n vdi mqi
ef1):t2+t-(nt +6)>0
,. -1

cia

frt' tren [0 ; +-.]

-,

n:

12 +

*)

1,

J 5"
0
I

*)

ta

;'-

Dr'' I ils-r
dr: ans
l.l,= stns
I

1r-J6a= ir (4r-t)
dx

l,Io = GL-

5
16

LOry+O
f(t) |I
-(m*ti)
---''
--.-'
r 712Do dcj :/(/)>0 V t e
lu' + ]
-(nL+61 >0ant<-6
Cau III. lt tl dienr)
rsirrt - 1 *cost

Neur+0thif'(r):

I
= -;xcotg(2a +1)

x2

-.t

2sin/,

: 0 thi : limftx) - lim

,r-0 -,
,r-0
si n:
2x
=lirn xZ .sin;:0*1=f(0).
.r- 0
2

Chrins t6 hdm s6 khOns li6n tuc tai x : 0

nnf't0 tItrong tdn tai. Cd tlie'dungdinh nghia
r(0 + Ar) _r(o)
:

: lint

A.-O

2)

(1*

-2
1

yz
10
,1

:.]
b)

{x=

!/

Ilzlto.r *t"

;')"

11

Ir: 2'
coscr

-l :9r.t
x*z:0'

+2y -92

=f

*, 1

vAv

r']'cos(Zr+l)
*rJ,
rrrrx*rto,

.r+0

.J':

-t < o (1)

<-l

rflz ( -

<=-1 <r<1
(2t
lpr-*21g+nL).0
HO vo nghiOm <+
f(*) : (nt - x2) (x + nt) > 0Vr [-1, 1]('r't
DiAu ki|n cdn. f(l') : (nt -l)(.nt+1)>0
1

lnt>l

Dibu kin di. Ta chrlng minh

rtrL 4 - 1 +f(x\

>o'vr c [-1' 1] ('')

,r.-*2<-1-*2<ov,
(+) nz < -1
1l
nr*x<-1+r<0Vre[-i.
Vay (*) th6a man
nr-x2>-l-x2>OVx e [-1, 1]
(*) nt >- |
m*x>l*x >0Vr [-1, 1]
lrr),

v-,

11

-7

l,.i

Vdv lim cos- = 0

i:
r-0
D 0,5 didrn)

10 sin1fOr+i1

- 0eZx,+U-92-l=0
2.x

15

Giao tuydn

(o) -'ji

= -l*l < xcosl < lrl ; Vr + 0

Md lim (- Irl ) : Iim lrl = 0

vd chrlng minh drr dorin nay dring bAng phrrong

phdp quy nap to6n hoc.
pau IV. 1) ( 1,0 dieim) a) Phtrong trinh mat
hang [HKI]

x-, 1t

r D-- J

'l

1
i1 +TlnlsintZr+tl
i
: -tgcotg'n
l[
11
.
1
11+4ln
1 srn g
: -lgcotg,
,i"t
Cdu VA. i) (0,5 didm)
1,
,
Tacd lxcos' I = lrl .Vx * 0+
.r+0

didm). Ta cci
J' : Ssinlj x

.v":5
Tir dd du doan
yt") =5. l0'- r

ia6r-t)

Neu .r'

tos

.,;
l^
'rl -r d cots(2x + l)
t+t Ir: I .::
=_
' i, sinrl2r +1- I ' ,i

Ii

n6n bAng bidn thi6n

4E:

-={ae

2) 0,0 didm) I : It *

[-Z,r'l
-

Vt .lr' 7lro]
Ta c-d : f '1t1 =

i.f

-'1flW

-,
u \(2,2, ,r)
,\[
d
lr(0,0, 1)
"o.(Z

VAy

(*) c[ng thda rnAn

Ket ludn

rnL<-1
th6a mAn dd bai
: I "- >lnt
I

(Xtrn ti(p uung l1

IIE HOP TtlGIG HIIN

NGT]YEN HUY DOAN

(DIISI'

DHQG IIa NOi)

Tdi li6u gi6o khoa thi didm m6n hinh hoc

ban KHTN l6p 11 cria c5c tl.c giit. Van Nhu
Crrong vi Nguy6n M6ng-Hy {inh nghia tich
vO hudng cria hai vdctd a va b bdi
(1)

M6t tinh chdt crla tich vO hrr6ng drroc phat

vi chtlng minh nhu sau : "Trong tam gi6c
ABC ta c6
++1
.4,b .ec
Q)
rfd1+
:
n6n
m.inh
Vi
BC
AC
AB
Ching
:
bidu

At- B:\

Tt

nb,
1Ec _- EBf
=
+
= AC' AB' - 2AC . AB

(3)

dd suy ra
++1

eb.eO:r{ae2+ACz-BC2)
So khOng cci gi d6ng ncii ndu (2) kh6ng drroc
srl dung dd chfng minh m6t tinh chdt kh6c
cia tich v0 htldng : tinh phan phdi ctra tich
v6 hrl6ng d6i vdi ph6p cdng v6cto :
AIa-+ O'
\4)
Bdi vi de'chrlng minh (2), ta dd dung khai
tri6"n (3), nghia ld da phii srl dung tinh chdt
(4). Thdnh thir tric giA mic phAi vdng ludn
qudn khi dnng (2) dd chring rninh (4).
Theo t6i c<i thd dung dinh nghia ( 1) dd chrlng
minh (2) nhrl sau : Drrng hinh binh hdnhABDC.
Theo dinh nghia (1) c<j :
++1+

: o|:1d

IE

aZ

: )4"rlah +rt12 -lAi) *dZ1z,

= ),*,

AD

- BCz)

THU GOM CAC ObNG TIiiN

Ta gach ch6o 3 minh

cria hinh trdn nhu trOn

hinh vE b6n. Khi dci ta

cci 3 mAnh dttoc gach

ch6o vi 3 mAnh tr6ng.
Tdng s6 crlc d6ng ti6n
trong cac minh cci gach
chdo va tdng sO dong
ti6n trong cdc mAnh tring Id bSng nhau va
b6ng 3 (s6 16). Sau mdt ldn di chuydn bdt kj,
ta thdy tdng sd ddng ti6n trong c6c mAnh co
gach ch6o (hoAc trong cac minh tr6ng) sC tang
hay gidnt di nt|t. Vdy sau m6t so chan ldn di
chuydn tdng s6 cric ddng ti6n trong cdc 6 co
gach ch6o (honc trong c6c mAnh tring) IuOn
luOn Ii mOt s6 16.
Nhrr vdy ta s6 kh6ng thd cd sau m6t s6
chin ldn di chuydn thi tdng sd c6c ddng ti6n
d trong c6c mAnh cci gach ch6o (hay trong cd.c
m6nh tring) Id s6 chan. Nghia ld kh6ng thd
gom tdt cit citc d6ng ti6n vdo m6t minh sau
mOt s6 chan ldn di chuydn.
(Theo Nguydn Phxong Thdo,9A, Nguy6n
Trii, TP HAi Duong ; Dqng Ngoc Duong, 8A,
PTCS TT Hi6p Hda, B6c Giang).
I]iNII I,IIII()N('

(b)

oriiN sci vAo niutr vuoNc

0c
Trong hinh binh h?rnh ABCD co
(6)
AD2 = 2(ABz +AC2) - BC2
ThdAD trong (5) bAi (6) ta di ddn (2) (dpcm)
:

IS$N: 0866 - 8035

Chi sd z 12884
M5 sd: 8BT46M7

Gidi ddp bdi

Hav di6n cac so trr

nhi6n trl 1 den 16 vao
cdc 0 tron d hinh ben
sao cho tdng cdc so
lrong c6c 6 tr6n c6c
c?lh cria m6i hinh
vu6ng ddu bing nhau.

tai TTCBDH NXBGD

In tai Nhi mdy in Di6n Hdng, 57 Giang V0
In xong va ndp lrru chidu thring 1211997
S6p chrr

I-toAN(; Ir tNt t pl It.rr:

Gi6 2.000d

Hai nghin ddng