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Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

BIN LUN TM CNG THC CA MUI AMONI


1. Nhng vn l thuyt cn lu
a. Khi nim v mui amoni
Mui amoni l mui ca amoniac hoc amin vi axit v c hoc axit hu c.
V d :
+ Mui amoni ca axit v c :
CH3NH3NO3, C6H5NH3Cl, CH3NH3HCO3, (CH3NH3)2CO3,
CH3NH3HSO4, (CH3NH3)2SO4, (NH4)2CO3,...
+ Mui amoni ca axit hu c :
HCOOH3NCH3, CH3COOH3NCH3, CH3COONH4, HCOONH4,
CH3COOH3NC2H5, CH2=CHCOOH3NCH3, H4NCOOCOONH4,...
b. Tnh cht ca mui amoni
Mui amoni tc dng vi dung dch kim gii phng NH3 hoc amin.
Mui amoni ca axit cacbonic tc dng vi axit HCl gii phng kh CO2.
2. Phng php gii
+ y l dng bi tp kh. Tr ngi ln nht chnh l tm ra cng thc cu to ca mui amoni.
+ ng trc dng bi tp ny, hc sinh v c khi c l thy c thng gii quyt bng kinh nghim (tch ly t
nhng bi lm). V th, khi gp nhng bi mi, l th hay lng tng, b ng. C khi mt nhiu thi gian m
vn khng tm c iu mnh mun.
+ Vy tm nhanh cng thc cu to ca mui amoni ta phi lm nh th no ? Cu tr li l: Cn c k nng
phn tch, bin lun da vo gi thit v cng thc phn t ca mui. C th nh sau :
Bc 1 : Nhn nh mui amoni
- Khi thy hp cht cha C, H, O, N tc dng vi dung dch kim gii phng kh th l du hiu xc nh cht
cn tm l mui amoni. Ti sao ? Ti v ch c ion amoni phn ng vi dung dch kim mi to ra kh.
Bc 2 : Bin lun tm cng thc ca gc axit trong mui amoni
- Nu s nguyn t O trong mui l 2 hoc 4 th thng l mui amoni ca axit hu c (RCOO- hoc OOCRCOO-).
- Nu s nguyn t O l 3 th thng lm mui amoni ca axit v c, gc axit l
CO32 hoac HCO3 hoac NO3 .

Bc 3 : Tm gc amoni t suy ra cng thc cu to ca mui


- ng vi gc axit c th, ta dng bo ton nguyn t tm s nguyn t trong gc amoni, t suy ra cu to ca
gc amoni. Nu khng ph hp th th vi gc axit khc.
+ V d : X c cng thc C3H12O3N2. X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng thy gii phng kh lm xanh giy
qu tm m. Tm cng thc cu to ca X.
+ Hng dn gii : X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH gii phng kh, suy ra X l mui amoni. X c 3 nguyn t O
nn gc axit ca X l NO3 hoac HCO3 hoac CO3 2 .
Nu gc axit l NO 3 th gc amoni l C3 H12 N : Khng tha mn. V amin no c ba nguyn t C v 1 nguyn
t N th c ti a l 9 nguyn t H. Suy ra gc amoni c ti a 10 nguyn t H.
Nu gc axit l HCO3 th gc amoni l C2 H11N 2 : Khng tha mn. Gi s gc amoni c dng
H 2 NC2 H 4 NH 3 th s H cng ch ti a l 9.

Nu gc axit l CO32 th tng s nguyn t trong hai gc amoni l C2H12N2. Nu hai gc amoni ging nhau th
cu

to

CH3 NH3 .

Nu

hai

gc

amoni

khc

nhau

th

cu

to

(C2 H 5 NH 3 , NH 4 ) hoac (NH 4 ; (CH3 )2 NH 2 ) . u tha mn. Vy X c 3 cng thc cu to tha mn l :

Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

(CH3 NH3 )2 CO3 ; C2 H 5 NH3 CO3 NH 4 ; (CH 3 )2 NH 2 CO3 NH 4 .

3. V d minh ha
V d 1: ng vi cng thc phn t C2H7O2N (X) c bao nhiu cht va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH
va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl ?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 4.
( thi tuyn sinh Cao ng nm 2010)
Hng dn gii
Hp cht X cha N, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl nn X c
th l amino axit, este ca amino axit, peptit hoc mui amoni.
Phn t peptit c t nht 2 gc - amino axit, 1 nhm peptit CONH v c u N (nhm NH2), u C (nhm
COOH) nn s nguyn t O t nht phi l 3, s nguyn t N t nht phi l 2, s nguyn t C t nht phi l 4.
Vy X khng th l peptit.
Amino axit c 2 nguyn t C l glyxin c cng thc l H2NCH2COOH, c 5 nguyn t H. Vy X khng th l
amino axit.
X cng khng th l este ca amino axit (v este ca amino axit phi c t 3 nguyn t C tr ln).
Vy X l mui amoni. X cha 1 nguyn t N nn X c mt gc amoni, gc axit trong X cha 2 nguyn t O nn
c dng RCOO. Suy ra X l HCOOH3NCH3 (metylamoni fomat) hoc CH3COONH4 (amoni axetat).
Phng trnh phn ng minh ha :
HCOOH3 NCH3 NaOH HCOONa CH3 NH 2 H2 O
HCOOH3 NCH3 HCl HCOOH CH3 NH 3 Cl
CH3COONH 4 NaOH CH3 COONa NH3 H 2 O
CH3COONH 4 HCl CH3 COOH NH 4 Cl

V d 2: Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C3H9NO2. Cho 8,19 gam A tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M.
Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v kh Y c kh nng lm xanh qu tm m. C cn dung dch X c
9,38 gam cht rn khan (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l
A. CH3CH2COOH3NCH3.
B. CH3COOH3NCH3.
C. CH3CH2COONH4.
D. HCOOH3NCH2CH3.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Trn Bnh Trng Ph Yn, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
+ A phn ng vi KOH sinh ra kh lm xanh giy qu tm m. Suy ra A l mui amoni. Mt khc, A c cha 2
nguyn t O nn A l mui amoni ca axit hu c. Vy A c dng l RCOOH3NR.
Phng trnh phan ng :
o

t
RCOOH3 NR ' KOH
RCOOK R 'NH 2 H 2 O

8,19
0,09 m chat ran 0,09.(R 83) 0,01.56 9,38
n RCOOK n RCOOH3NR '

91
R R ' 91 61 30
n
KOH d 0,1 0,09 0,01
R 15 (CH 3 )

A la CH 3COOH3 NCH3 : metylamoni axetat


R ' 15 (CH3 )
V d 3: X c cng thc phn t l C3H10N2O2. Cho 10,6 gam X phn ng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH
un nng, thu c 9,7 gam mui khan v kh Y bc 1 lm xanh qu m. Cng thc cu to ca X l :
A. NH2COONH2(CH3)2.
B. NH2COONH3CH2CH3.
C. NH2CH2CH2COONH4.
D. NH2CH2COONH3CH3.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT chuyn Nguyn Hu H Ni, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii

Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

Da vao gia thiet va ap an, suy ra phng an ung la B hoac D.


n X (H NRCOOH NR ') 0,1 0,1.(R 83) 9,7 R 14 (CH )
2
2
3

n muoi (H2 NRCOONa) 0,1 R R ' 29


R ' 15 (CH 3 )
X la H 2 NCH 2 COOH3 NCH 3

V d 4: Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H8O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht hu
c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y l :
A. 85.
B. 68.
C. 45.
D. 46.
( thi tuyn sinh i hc khi B nm 2008)
Hng dn gii
C2H8N2O3 (X) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c cht hu c Y n chc, chng t X l mui amoni to
bi NH3 hoc amin n chc. Nh vy, gc axit trong X c 1 nguyn t N v 3 nguyn t O, l gc NO3 . Suy
ra X l C2H5NH3NO3 (etylamoni nitrat) hoc (CH3)2NH2NO3 (imetylamoni nitrat); Y l C2H5NH2 (etyl amin) hoc
(CH3)2NH2 (imetyl amin), c khi lng phn t l 45 vC. Phng trnh phn ng :
C2 H 5NH3 NO3 NaOH C2 H 5 NH2 NaNO3 H 2 O
(CH3 )2 NH2 NO3 NaOH (CH 3 )2 NH NaNO3 H 2 O

V d 5: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H10N4O6. Cho 18,6 gam X tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c hi c cha mt
cht hu c duy nht lm xanh giy qu m v ng thi thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr a l
A. 17 gam.
B. 19 gam.
C. 15 gam.
D. 21 gam.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 2 THPT Hng Vng Ph Th, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
+ X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c cht hu c duy nht lm xanh giy qu tm. Suy ra X l mui amoni
ca amin vi axit v c.
+ X c 6 nguyn t O nn trong X c hai gc axit trong s cc gc sau :
CO32 , NO3 , HCO3 .

+ T cc nhn nh trn suy ra X l :


O3 NH3 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 3 NO3 hoac O3 NH3 NCH(CH 3 )NH3 NO3 .

n NaNO 2n X 0,2
3

m chat ran m NaNO m NaOH 19 gam


3
n
NaOH d 0,25 0,2 0,05
V d 6: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C2H7NO2 tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu
m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l :
A. 16,5 gam.
B. 14,3 gam.
C. 8,9 gam.
D. 15,7 gam.
( thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A nm 2007)
Hng dn gii
X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH gii phng hn hp kh Z gm hai cht kh u lm xanh giy qu m, suy ra
X gm hai mui amoni. Do trong phn t c 2 nguyn t O nn cc mui amoni c gc axit l RCOO.

V M Z 13,75.2 27,5 nn Z cha mt cht l NH3, cht cn li l amin. Do cc mui amoni ch c 2 nguyn
t C v gc axit phi c t nht 1 nguyn t C nn amin l CH3NH2. Suy ra X gm CH3COONH4 v
HCOOH3NCH3.

Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

CH3COONH 4 NaOH CH3 COONa NH3 H 2 O


x (mol) x (mol)
HCOOH3 NCH3 NaOH HCOONa CH3 NH 2 H2 O
y (mol) y (mol)

n Z 0,2
x y 0,2
x 0,05
Suy ra :

M Z 27,5 17x 31y 5,5 y 0,15


Trong Y cha CH3COONa v HCOONa. Khi c cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l :
m muoi m CH COONa m HCOONa 14,3 gam
3


0,15.68

0,05.82

V d 7: Hp cht X mch h c cng thc phn t l C4H9NO2. Cho 10,3 gam X phn ng va vi dung
dch NaOH sinh ra mt cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm giy qu tm m chuyn mu
xanh. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 8,2.
B. 10,8.
C. 9,4.
D. 9,6.
( thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A nm 2009)
Hng dn gii
X phn ng vi NaOH sinh ra kh Y, suy ra X l mui amoni. Gc axit trong X c hai nguyn t O nn c dng
l RCOO.
Y nng hn khng kh v lm xanh giy qu tm m, chng t Y l amin v c s C nh hn hoc bng 2, hoc
nu c 3 nguyn t C th phi l (CH3)3N. Nhng nu Y l (CH3)3N th s nguyn t H trong X phi ln hn 9
(loi). Vy X phi l mui amoni ca amin c 1 hoc 2 nguyn t C. Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc
brom, chng t trong Z cha mui Na ca axit cacboxylic khng no, c s C ln hn hoc bng 3 hay Z cha mui
HCOONa (natri fomat, c nhm CHO). D thy Z khng th cha natri fomat v nh vy s nguyn t C trong X
ti a ch l 3.
Vy X l CH2=CHCOOH3NCH3, mui trong dung dch Z l CH2=CHCOONa.
Theo bo ton gc axit, ta c :
n CH

2 CH COONa

m CH

n CH

2 CH COONa

2 CH COOH 3 NCH3

10,3
0,1 mol
103

0,1.94 9,4 gam

V d 8: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc C2H8N2O4. Khi cho 12,4 gam X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH
1,5M, thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) kh X lm xanh qu tm m. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht
rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 17,2.
B. 13,4.
C. 16,2.
D. 17,4.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT Qunh Lu 1 Ngh An,
nm hc 2012 2013)
Hng dn gii
X c cng thc phn t l C2H8N2O4, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c kh lm xanh giy qu tm m.
Suy ra X l mui amoni ca amin hoc NH3. X ch c 2 nguyn t C v c 4 nguyn t O nn gc axit trong X l
OOC COO . Cn 2 nguyn t N v 8 nguyn t H s tng ng vi hai gc NH 4 . Vy X l

NH 4 OOC COONH 4 (amoni oxalat)

Phng trnh phn ng :


(COONH 4 )2 2NaOH (COONa)2 2NH3 2H 2 O
Cht rn thu c l NaOOCCOONa v c th cn NaOH d.
Theo bo ton nguyn t C v Na, ta c :

Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

n(COONa) n (COONH ) 0,1 mol


2
4 2

n NaOH d n NaOH ban au 2.n (COONa) 0,1 mol

0,3
0,1

m chat ran 0,1.134

0,1.40
17,4 gam
m (COONa)

m NaOH d

V d 9: Mt cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C4H11NO2. Cho X tc dng hon ton vi 100 ml dung dch
NaOH 2M, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v 2,24 lt kh Y (ktc). Nu trn lng kh Y ny vi 3,36 lt H2
(ktc) th c hn hp kh c t khi so vi H2 l 9,6. Khi lng cht rn thu c khi c cn dung dch X l
A. 8,62 gam.
B. 12,3 gam.
C. 8,2 gam.
D. 12,2 gam.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT Qut Lm Nam nh,
nm hc 2013 2014)
Hng dn gii
X (C4 H11NO2 ) NaOH Y .
Suy ra Y l NH3 hoc amin, X l mui amoni.
n Y 0,1; n H 0,15
2

Theo gi thit, ta c:
0,1.M Y 0,15.2
19,2
M (Y, H2 )
0,25

M Y 45, Y la C2 H 5 NH2 hoac (CH3 )2 NH

CH3COOH3 NC2 H 5

X la
CH3COOH2 N(CH 3 )2

Ta c :
nCH COONa n X n Y 0,1 mol
3
n NaOH d n NaOH ban au n CH COONa 0,1 mol
3

0,2
0,1

m chat ran 0,1.82


0,1.40
12,2 gam
m CH

3COONa

m NaOH d

V d 10: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht cha C, H, O, N. t chy
hon ton 10,8 gam X thu c 4,48 lt CO2, 7,2 gam H2O v 2,24 lt kh N2 (ktc). Nu cho 0,1 mol cht X trn
tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v dung dch Y.
C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15.
B. 21,8.
C. 5,7.
D. 12,5.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT on Thng Hi Dng, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
n n 0,2
CO2

10,8 0,2.12 0,8 0,2.14


C
0,3
n
n H 2n H O 8 O
16
2

n
2n

0,2 n C : n H : n O : n N 2 : 8 : 3 : 2 X la C2 H 8 O3 N 2
N
N2
X NaOH
kh. Suy ra X la muoi amoni
X co 3O nen goc axit la NO3 hoac CO32 hoac HCO3 .
C H NH3
Neu goc axit la NO3 th goc amoni la C2 H 8 N (thoa man : 2 5

(CH3 )2 NH 2
Vay X la C2 H 5 NH 3 NO3 hoac (CH 3 )2 NH 2 NO3 .

Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

0,1 mol NaNO3


0,1 mol X 0,2 mol NaOH

m chat ran 12,5 gam


0,1 mol NaOH

V d 11: Cho 16,5 gam cht A c cng thc phn t l C2H10O3N2 vo 200 gam dung dch NaOH 8%. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch B v kh C. Tng nng phn trm cc cht c trong B gn nht
vi gi tr :
A. 8%.
B. 9%. C. 12%.
D. 11%.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
C2 H10 O3 N 2 (A) NaOH
kh C. Suy ra A la muoi amoni.
Trong A co 3O nen goc axit cua A la NO3 hoac CO3 2 hoac HCO3 .
Neu goc axit NO3 th goc amoni la C2 H10 N (loai).
Neu goc axit la HCO3 th goc amoni la CH 9 N 2 (loai).
Neu goc axit la CO32 th 2 goc amoni la CH 3 NH3 va NH 4 (thoa man).
Vay A la CH3 NH3 CO3 H 4 N.
Phng trnh phan ng :
CH 3 NH3 CO3 H 4 N 2NaOH
CH 3 NH 2 NH 3 Na2 CO3
mol :

0,15

0,3

0,15 0,15 0,15

Dung dch sau phan ng cha : Na2 CO3 : 0,15 mol; NaOH d : 0,1 mol
C%(Na CO , NaOH ) trong B
2

0,15.106 0,1.40
9,5% gan nhat vi gia tr 9%
16,5 200 0,15(17 31)

V d 12: Cho hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C3H10N2O2 tc dng va vi dung dch
NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu m)
hn km nhau mt nguyn t C. T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng
mui khan l:
A. 16,5 gam.
B. 20,1 gam.
C. 8,9 gam.
D. 15,7 gam.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT Chc ng H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
+ Hai cht hu c trong X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra hn hp kh Z. Suy ra X gm hai mui amoni. Cc
mui amoni u c 2 nguyn t O nn gc axit c dng COO-.
+ Hai kh trong Z hn km nhau 1 nguyn t C v M Z 27,5 nn Z gm NH3 v CH3NH2.
+ Vy hai cht trong X l : H2NC2H4COOH4N v H2NCH2COOH3NCH3.
S o phan ng :
X NaOH
muoi (NH3 , CH3 NH2 ) H 2 O
mol : 0,2 0,2

0,2

0,2

Ta co : m muoi m X m NaOH m Z m H O 20,1 gam


2

106.0,2

0,2.40

0,2.27,5

0,2.18

V d 13: Hn hp X gm cht Y (C2H10O3N2) v cht Z (C2H7O2N). Cho 14,85 gam X phn ng va vi dung
dch NaOH v un nng, thu c dung dch M v 5,6 lt (ktc) hn hp T gm 2 kh (u lm xanh qu tm tm
nc ct). C cn ton b dung dch M thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m c th l
A. 11,8.
B. 12,5.
C. 14,7.
D. 10,6.
( thi th THPT Quc Gia ln 1 THPT chuyn i hc Vinh Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
+ Theo gi thit : Y, Z tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng, thu c hn hp 2 kh u lm xanh giy qu tm
m. Suy ra Y, Z l mui amoni.
+ Y c 3 nguyn t O nn gc axit ca Y l mt trong 3 gc sau :

Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

NO3 , CO32 , HCO3 . Cng thc ca Y l CH3NH3CO3H4N.

+ Z c 2 nguyn t O trong phn t nn gc axit ca Z l RCOO . Cng thc ca Z l


CH3 COONH 4 hoac HCOOH 3 HCH3 .
+ Vy X gm :
Y : CH 3 NH3 CO3 H 4 N (x mol) 110x 77y 14,85 x 0,1

Z : CH 3 COONH 4 (y mol)
2x y 0,25
y 0,05

Y : CH 3 NH3 CO3 H 4 N (x mol) 110x 77y 14,85 x 0,1

Z : HCOOH NCH (y mol)


2x y 0,25
y 0,05
3
3

m
m Na CO m CH COONa 0,1.106 0,05.82 14,7 gam
muoi
2
3
3

m
m Na CO m HCOONa 0,1.106 0,05.68 14 gam A, B, C, D.
2
3
muoi

V d 14: Hn hp X gm cc cht c cng thc phn t l C2H7O3N v C2H10O3N2. Khi cho cc cht trong X
tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH d un nng nh u c kh thot ra. Ly 0,1 mol X cho vo
dung dch cha 0,25 mol KOH. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch c cht rn Y, nung nng Y n khi lng
khng i c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 16,9 gam. B. 17,25 gam.
C. 18,85 gam. D. 16,6 gam.
( thi th i hc ln 1 THPT Lng c Bng Thanh Ha, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii
Bin lun : V X tc dng vi HCl hoc NaOH un nng u thy thot kh, suy ra X l hn hp mui amoni
ca amin hoc ca NH3 vi axit cacbonic. C2H7O3N ch c 1 nguyn t N nn ch c mt gc amoni, vy cng
thc cu to ca n l CH3NH3HCO3; C2H10O3N2 c 2 nguyn t N nn c 2 gc amoni, suy ra cng thc cu
to ca n l CH3NH3CO3H4N.
Theo bo ton gc cacbonat v nguyn t K, ta c :
nK CO n(CH NH CO , CH NH CO H N) 0,1
3
3
3
3
3
3 4
2 3
mchat ran 0,1.138
nKOH d nKOH 2nK CO 0,05
0,05.56
16,6 gam
2

mK CO
mKOH d
2 3
0,25
0,1

V d 15: Hn hp X gm 2 cht c cng thc phn t l C3H12N2O3 v C2H8N2O3. Cho 3,40 gam X phn ng va
vi dung dch NaOH (un nng), thu c dung dch Y ch gm cc cht v c v 0,04 mol hn hp 2 cht hu
c n chc (u lm xanh giy qu tm m). C cn Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,12.
B. 2,76.
C. 3,36.
D. 2,97.
(K thi THPT Quc Gia nm 2015)
Hng dn gii
(1) : (CH3 NH3 )2 CO3
C3 H12 N 2 O3 (1), C2 H 8 N 2O3 (2) : la muoi amoni

C2 H 5 NH3 NO3
2

(2) : (CH ) NH NO
goc axit co 3O nen co the la CO3 hoac NO3

3 2
2
3

2n C H N O n C H N O n 2 amin 0,04 n C H N O 0,01


3 12 2 3
2 8 2 3
3 12 2 3

124n
108n
3,
4
n
0,02

C3 H12 N2 O3
C2 H8 N2 O3

C2 H8 N2 O3
n NaNO n C H N O 0,02

3
2 8 2 3

m 0,02.85 0,01.106 2,76 gam


n
n

0,01
nC H N O
Na2CO3
3 12 2 3

V d 16: Cho 18,5 gam cht hu c A (c cng thc phn t C3H11N3O6) tc dng va vi 300 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M to thnh nc, 1 cht hu c a chc bc I v m gam hn hp mui v c. Gi tr gn ng nht ca
m l
A. 19,05.
B. 25,45.
C. 21,15.
D. 8,45.

Pht trin t duy sng to gii nhanh bi tp ha hu c 12 - Nguyn Minh Tun; T : 01223 367 990

Hng dn gii
+ Theo gi thit : A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c amin a chc bc 1 v hn hp mui v c. Suy ra A
l mui amoni ca amin a chc vi cc axit v c.
+ A c 6 nguyn t O, suy ra A cha hai gc axit v c l :
(CO32 , NO3 ) hoac (HCO3 , NO3 ).

+ T nhng nhn nh trn suy ra A l O3NH3N(CH2)2NH3HCO3 hoc O3NH3NCH(CH3)NH3HCO3.


Phng trnh phan ng :
O3 NH3 NC2 H 4 NH3 HCO3 3NaOH NaNO3 Na2 CO3 C2 H 4 (NH2 )2 3H2 O
0,1

0,3

0,1

0,1

m muoi 0,1.85 0,1.106 19,1 gam gan nhat vi gia tr 19,05

: mol

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