NORTH PAPUA BASIN

The establishment of the Northen Papuan Basin Section is one of the

sedimentation basin, located in the district of Mamberamo and several counties
around the northern part of the island of Papua, which is known as one
cekunganyang quite large in eastern Indonesia. Geology in this area is very
complex because the region is formed of two plates, namely the interaction of the
continental shelf of Australia and the Pacific oceanic plate resulting in a shape that
is typical, and the period of its formation known as orogenesa Melanesia. Is
geographically located at 01 30 '- 03 30' latitude and 160 00'- 141 00 'E, has
a 2400 km long and 660 km wide.
Orogenesa resulting pattern Papua structure becomes very complicated
and distinctive. Overall this element caused by the force of compression trending
southwest-northeast, the direction of the collision. There are two main parts of the
crust are involved in Papua namely court australia and pacific crust, the first is
steady and became the basis of the south, while the second is the base north coast
(including the Gulf of Paradise), Early Miocene is a period orogenesa
Melanesia. This basin trending east-west is situated in the South boundary of the
Pacific Ocean Plate. Other boundaries that is, the west with Fault Factoring
Mamberamo, south limited by Lane ophiolite Papua and Line Factoring Central
Mountains at altitude mountains of New Guinea, and in the middle part limited by
the presence of two rivers that form the main stream of the river Mamberamo
(Meervlakte) .Formasi carrier rock Formation Papua Basin, from old to young is
Aurimi Formation [Tmpa] composed with some kind of sedimentary rock units
and local at the age of late Miocene - Pliocene which is the initial formation
carrier, UNK Formation [QTu] that contains lignite, the remains of plants and
suppress the formation Aurimi aligned in correlated with the formation
Mamberamo area, and terminated by Kukunduri Formation that also contain the
remains of plants that lived Plistosen. Age initial formation as a regional basin of
the Middle Miocene-Holocene.
Order northern Papua Basin Regional Tectonics

Tectonic New Guinea at this time is at the northern edge of the IndoAustralian Plate, which develops as a result of a meeting between the Australian
Plate moving north with the Pacific Plate moving to the west. These two major
plates have identified the evolutionary history of which is closely related to the
development and formation of magmatic processes sari volcanic arc that
berasoisasi with gold mineralization and epithermal gold phorpir.According to
Smith (1990), the development Tectonic Papua Island can be described as follows:
Oligocene to mid-Miocene period (35-5 JTL)
On the rear arc Australian continental plate of a division that controls the
process of sedimentation of Limestone Group Papua New Guinea during the
Oligocene-Early Miocene and plate movement to the north is rapid and
constant. On the northern edge of the ocean plate subduction activity occurs
Solomon, shaping the development of the Melanesian arc at the bottom of the
oceanic crust during the period 44-24 million years ago (MYA). This incident
along with the complex position intrusion that occurred in Oligocene - Early
Miocene as happened in Kepatusan Bacan, complex Porphir West Delta - Kali
Sute in Papua Bird's Head. Later in the formation of the Middle Miocene
ophiolit on the southern edge of the ocean plate Solomon and on the north and
Northeast Indo-Australian Plate. These events form the ophiolite belt at the
head of the Papua and Papua Bird expressed by the Tamrau.Pada Late
Miocene formation activity occurred in the subduction plate Solomon Ocean
to the north, forming the Melanesian arc and to the south entrance to the IndoAustralian plate forming an arc Continent Calc Alkali Moon - Utawa and bow
Maramuni in Papua New Guinea.
Late Miocene period - Pleistocene (15-2 mya)
Starting from the Middle Miocene parts of the northern edge of the IndoAustralian Plate in Papua New Guinea so were influenced by the
characteristics of subduction of Plate Solomon. This partial melting results in
the formation of Maramuni Bows and Moon-Utawa estimated age 18-7
million years ago. Volcanic Moon arc this is where the prospects for gold and
base metal sulphides ephitermal such as in the area Apha and Unigolf, while
Maramuni in the north, Plate subducting ocean Solomon continued under the
Melanesian arc resulted in the shrinking size of during the Miocene

Akhir.Pada 10 million years ago, Indo-Australian plate movement and

destruction continued on Ocean Plate Solomon continues resulting in the
collision at the northern border with Bows Melanesia. The bow consists of a
thick mound island arc volcano and front arc sediments form the "cornerstone
of the Miocene Wings" as expressed by Volcano Bathing in Block Tosem and
Volcanoes Batanta and Block Arfak. This collision resulted in the appearance
of a slope-shaped bow sutur between Melanesia and parts of the northern edge
of the Australian plate occupied by arc volcano bath and Arfak continued until
10 million years ago and is a final and subduction and development of the arc
Moon - Utawa. Appearance as interpreted from the formation of closed
stitches from west to east from Sorong, choir, Ransiki, Yapen, and Ramu Markam Fault Zone. Go to the left post collision movement occurs along the
direction of the tilt interpreted Sorong, Yapen, Bintuni and Aiduna Fault Zone,
forming tectonic framework in the Bird's Head region. This is caused by the
movement

of

the

head

shaved

northern

edge

of

plate

collision

Australia.Kejadian associated with Melanesian arc illustrates that the western

end of the Miocene age younger than the eastern part.Intensity of change in
the direction of the slope of collisions is increasing eastward. The collision
due to give a very significant change in the basin in the southern exposure and
directs the development of the mechanism of Fault Line Up Papua. South zone
collision associated with cesarean serarah tilt movement northward
convergence between the Indo-Australian plate and the Pacific plate westward
movement resulted in the resultant NE-SW deformation pressure. It resulted in
the movement of the tectonic evolution of Papua inclined towards the North West to sekarang.Kejadian brief tectonic important is the removal of the
events caused by the collision of these Melanesia.Hal island arc described by
stratigraphic slices at the start of bedrock covered with a sequence of part of
the north side of the Indo-Australian plate which forms Fault Line Up
Papua. Part northern edge of the fault lines of this rise is limited by
metamorphic rocks and terraces ophilite that mark events in the Early
Miocene. The southern border of the reverse fault is characterized by the
presence of a truncated Precambrian bedrock along the Fault Line Up. Trace

mineral apatite suggests that the removal and wrecking event occurs rapidly at
4 to 3.5 million years ago (Weiland, 1993).
During the Pliocene (7-1 million years ago) Papua folds Strip affected by
magma type I, which is a type of magma that is rich in potassium calc alkaline
composition that became a source of Cu-Au mineralization of economic value
in Ersberg and Ok Tedi. During the Pliocene (3.5 to 2.5 JTL) intrusion on the
tectonic zone of dispersion at the head of a bird occurs in the expansion
section along the boundary of the graben. Graben boundary was formed in
response to the increase of the tectonic in the northern edge of the IndoAustralian plate caused by the flexing and the removal of the front of the
sedimentary basins that cover the cornerstone of Block Kemum.Menurut
Smith (1990), as a result of the collision of the Indo-Australian plate and the
Pacific is the breakthrough igneous rock with a composition being added on
top of sedimentary rocks that have undergone faulting and folding. The
breakthrough results of further change of sedimentary rocks and
mineralization with associated copper with gold and silver. Place - where the
concentration of deposits of metal high levels estimated to be in the lane
Central Mountains of Papua ranging from complex Tembagapura (Erstberg,
Grasberg, DOM, Cat's Eye, etc.), Setakwa, Mamoa, Wabu, Komopa Dawagu, Mogo Mogo - Obano, Katehawa, Haiura, Kemabu, Magoda,
Degedai, Gokodimi, South Dabera, Tiom, Soba-TAGMA, Kupai, Etna Paririm
Ilaga. While

in

the

area. Bird's

head

found

in Aisijur

and

Kali

Sute. Meanwhile with the island arc volcanics (Awewa Volcanic Group)
consisting of: Waigeo Island (F.Rumai) Batanta Island (F.Batanta), North
Birdshead (Bath & Arfak Volc), Yapen Island (Yapen Volc), Wayland
Overhrust (Topo Volc), allows the presence of metals, gold in the form of
nuggets.

North Papua Basin Regional stratigraphic

Regional

stratigraphic

characteristics

of

comparative

stratigraphy

identified Indo-Australian continent crust and the crust of the Pacific Ocean-

Caroline. Stratigraphy affinity continental stratigraphy indicated by Bird's Head

(West Papua) and Bird Body parts Central Range), while the deep affinity shown
by northern stratigraphy Bird Body (Basin of Northern Irian).
The three main periods of geologic history of Eastern Indonesia and
northwestern Australia exposure limit is marked by the formation of the IndoAustralian continent in the Early Permian and Mesozoic. This formation is the
result of the break-up of Gondwanaland. Then followed by a period of passive
continental boundaries that took place during Late Mesozoic to Tertiary, and
constantly until the Late Miocene. Then the collision of tectonic plates that lasted
until the end of the Miocene between the boundaries of the Indo-Australian
Continent and Southeast Asia arc. During this period, the islands in eastern
Indonesia that is currently taking shape.
Papua stratigraphy stratigraphic affinity shown by the North Pacific Ocean
crust-Caroline. Charging sediments in basins continues until the Tertiary, except in
the Late Miocene sedimentation hiatus regional basis.This hiatus produce large
unconformity. Mamberamo Formation unconformity marking the base and the top
Makats Formation. Basin in the northern regions bird Agency is known as the
North Guinea basin (McAdoo and Haebig, 1999).
Some local carbonate buildups formed due to a change in lateral
facies. These sediments are Auwewa Formation, Darante, and Makats. After a
hiatus, penegendapan Mamberamo Formation continues uninterrupted until the
occurrence of a small misalignment in the present. Regional stratigraphy of
northern Papua region is not well defined and less lateral facies relationships can
be found in outcrop observations. Almost all sources of sediment coming from the
south, the first of the formation of massive magmatic arc and then on the
appointment of the collision orogen. Volcanic clastic may be found on the bottom
of Formation Auwewa and Makats, but the evidence shows that the erosion of the
continental part of the establishment orogen in the south provide a large amount of
sediment into the Mamberamo Formation.
Bird Body stratigraphy northern part generally consists of ophiolite rocks
and volcanic carrying the Pre-Tertiary sedimentary rocks of Tertiary. Pre-Tertiary
basement rocks include base-intermediate volcanic rocks, ophiolite, schist, basalt,

gabbro and ultramafic rock serpentinite. The rocks of the Eocene-Oligocene

results genanglaut consisting of coarse-grained clastic rocks, clastic carbonate and
clastic volcanics are not aligned above the pre-Tertiary rocks. The next genanglaut
rock formations, namely Makats which includes fine clastic rocks interspersed
with limestone in altitude results in the removal of the Middle Miocene
Auwewa Central RangeFormation was deposited in the Paleocene-Late
Oligocene, further to the south thickness of this formation is increasing. Auwewa
formations include Palaeocene aged Biri Limestone Member and Member
deposited thereon Volcanics Auwewa Early Oligocene.
Formation Darante Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene, precipitated out of
tune over Auwewa formation.Darante formations include limestones kalkarenit
containing chert, limestone reefs with inserts of volcanic breccias and tuffaceous
sandstones. Formation Makats Middle Miocene - Late Miocene precipitated out of
tune over Darante formation, covering a thick layer of conglomerate, sandstonesubgreywacke greywacke, siltstone, and shale.
Mamberamo Formation Late Miocene-Holocene consists of:
Member B includes distal be turbidite sedimentation layer includes siltstone,
marl, shale with shallow marine depositional environment-in. Reef limestones
deposited on the edge as well as the altitude, especially in the western part of
the basin. Members in the southern part kalkarenit include limestone, marl,
and fosilan at the bottom, while perselingan sandstone, claystone and marl at
the top.
Member C includes a layer of thick conglomerates, subgreywacke sandstone,
siltstone, and shale. In the southern part includes calcareous sandstones fosilan
which turns into limestone layered. This member is not in harmony over the
old B members Pliocene.
D members include shale and sandstone delicate nature of the distal turbidite
deposited on the marine environment during the phase genanglaut. The
southern part is characterized perselingan sandy siltstone, claystone lignitan
with fosilan, and a thin layer of coal which indicates Pleistocene shallow
marine depositional environment.

 E members include conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, and lignite

(Holocene). The

southern

part

is

characterized

by greywacke-

subgreywacke with inserts siltstone and mudstone. The northern part is

characterized by sandstone karbonatan with some shells of mollusks and
plants.

North Guinea basin stratigraphy by McAdoo and Haebig (1999)

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.oocities.org/west_papua/geo_papua.htm
Fantri, Andi, et al., Geology, Stratigraphy and Tectonic Evolution of Papua
Province,

Indonesia:

Potential

Resources

and

Disaster. Bandung:

Geological Engineering ITB

Gorsel, JT VAN. 2013. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE Geology OF INDONESIA
AND Surrounding Areas.Www.vangorselslist.com
http://digilib.itb.ac.id/files/disk1/672/jbptitbpp-gdl-aileronces-33582-5-2009tsb.pdf
http://digilib.unila.ac.id/127/10/BAB%20II.pdf
Aisorei, Aeroni Berotabui. Orogenesa 2013. Formation The formation of the
Basin Coal Carrier Mamberamo, Waropen, Sarmi and surrounding areas of
Northern Province of Papua. Jayapura: US Geological Engineering