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PythonProgramming

#importisusedtomakespecialtyfunctionsavailable
#Thesearecalledmodules
importrandom
importsys
importos

#Helloworldisjustonelineofcode
#print()outputsdatatothescreen
print("HelloWorld")

'''
Thisisamultilinecomment
'''

#Avariableisaplacetostorevalues
#Itsnameislikealabelforthatvalue
name="Derek"
print(name)

#Avariablenamecancontainletters,numbers,or_
#butcan'tstartwithanumber

#Thereare5datatypesNumbers,Strings,List,Tuple,Dictionary
#Youcanstoreanyoftheminthesamevariable

name=15
print(name)

#Thearithmeticoperators+,,*,/,%,**,//
#**Exponentialcalculation
#//FloorDivision
print("5+2=",5+2)
print("52=",52)
print("5*2=",5*2)
print("5/2=",5/2)
print("5%2=",5%2)
print("5**2=",5**2)
print("5//2=",5//2)

#OrderofOperationstates*and/isperformedbefore+and

print("1+23*2=",1+23*2)
print("(1+23)*2=",(1+23)*2)

#Astringisastringofcharacterssurroundedby"or'
#Ifyoumustusea"or'betweenthesamequoteescapeitwith\
quote="\"Alwaysrememberyourunique,"

#Amultilinequote
multi_line_quote='''just
likeeveryoneelse"'''

print(quote+multi_line_quote)

#Toembedastringinoutputuse%s
print("%s%s%s"%('Ilikethequote',quote,multi_line_quote))

#Tokeepfromprintingnewlinesuseend=""
print("Idon'tlike",end="")
print("newlines")

#Youcanprintastringmultipletimeswith*
print('\n'*5)

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PythonProgramming

#LISTS
#Alistallowsyoutocreatealistofvaluesandmanipulatethem
#Eachvaluehasanindexwiththefirstonestartingat0

grocery_list=['Juice','Tomatoes','Potatoes','Bananas']
print('Thefirstitemis',grocery_list[1])

#Youcanchangethevaluestoredinalistbox
grocery_list[0]="GreenJuice"
print(grocery_list)

#Youcangetasubsetofthelistwith[min:uptobutnotincludingmax]

print(grocery_list[1:3])

#Youcanputanydatatypeinaalistincludingalist
other_events=['WashCar','PickupKids','CashCheck']
to_do_list=[other_events,grocery_list]

print(to_do_list)

#Gettheseconditeminthesecondlist(Boxesinsideofboxes)
print(to_do_list[1][1])

#Youaddvaluesusingappend
grocery_list.append('onions')
print(to_do_list)

#Insertitematgivenindex
grocery_list.insert(1,"Pickle")

#Removeitemfromlist
grocery_list.remove("Pickle")

#Sortsitemsinlist
grocery_list.sort()

#Reversesortitemsinlist
grocery_list.reverse()

#deldeletesanitematspecifiedindex
delgrocery_list[4]
print(to_do_list)

#Wecancombinelistswitha+
to_do_list=other_events+grocery_list
print(to_do_list)

#Getlengthoflist
print(len(to_do_list))

#Getthemaxiteminlist
print(max(to_do_list))

#Gettheminimumiteminlist
print(min(to_do_list))

#TUPLES
#Valuesinatuplecan'tchangelikelists

pi_tuple=(3,1,4,1,5,9)

#Converttupleintoalist
new_tuple=list(pi_tuple)

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PythonProgramming

#Convertalistintoatuple
#new_list=tuple(grocery_list)

#tuplesalsohavelen(tuple),min(tuple)andmax(tuple)

#DICTIONARYorMAP
#Madeupofvalueswithauniquekeyforeachvalue
#Similartolists,butyoucan'tjoindictswitha+

super_villains={'Fiddler':'IsaacBowin',
'CaptainCold':'LeonardSnart',
'WeatherWizard':'MarkMardon',
'MirrorMaster':'SamScudder',
'PiedPiper':'ThomasPeterson'}

print(super_villains['CaptainCold'])

#Deleteanentry
delsuper_villains['Fiddler']
print(super_villains)

#Replaceavalue
super_villains['PiedPiper']='HartleyRathaway'

#Printthenumberofitemsinthedictionary
print(len(super_villains))

#Getthevalueforthepassedkey
print(super_villains.get("PiedPiper"))

#Getalistofdictionarykeys
print(super_villains.keys())

#Getalistofdictionaryvalues
print(super_villains.values())

#CONDITIONALS
#Theif,elseandelifstatementsareusedtoperformdifferent
#actionsbasedoffofconditions
#ComparisonOperators:==,!=,>,<,>=,<=

#Theifstatementwillexecutecodeifaconditionismet
#WhitespaceisusedtogroupblocksofcodeinPython
#Usethesamenumberofproceedingspacesforblocksofcode

age=30
ifage>16:
print('Youareoldenoughtodrive')

#Useanifstatementifyouwanttoexecutedifferentcoderegardless
#ofwhethertheconditionwsmetornot

ifage>16:
print('Youareoldenoughtodrive')
else:
print('Youarenotoldenoughtodrive')

#Ifyouwanttocheckformultipleconditionsuseelif
#Ifthefirstmatchesitwon'tcheckotherconditionsthatfollow

ifage>=21:
print('Youareoldenoughtodriveatractortrailer')
elifage>=16:
print('Youareoldenoughtodriveacar')
else:

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PythonProgramming

print('Youarenotoldenoughtodrive')

#Youcancombineconditionswithlogicaloperators
#LogicalOperators:and,or,not

if((age>=1)and(age<=18)):
print("Yougetabirthdayparty")
elif(age==21)or(age>=65):
print("Yougetabirthdayparty")
elifnot(age==30):
print("Youdon'tgetabirthdayparty")
else:
print("Yougetabirthdaypartyyeah")

#FORLOOPS
#Allowsyoutoperformanactionasetnumberoftimes
#Rangeperformstheaction10times09
forxinrange(0,10):
print(x,'',end="")

print('\n')

#Youcanuseforloopstocyclethroughalist
grocery_list=['Juice','Tomatoes','Potatoes','Bananas']

foryingrocery_list:
print(y)

#Youcanalsodefinealistofnumberstocyclethrough
forxin[2,4,6,8,10]:
print(x)

#Youcandoubleupforloopstocyclethroughlists
num_list=[[1,2,3],[10,20,30],[100,200,300]]

forxinrange(0,3):
foryinrange(0,3):
print(num_list[x][y])

#WHILELOOPS
#Whileloopsareusedwhenyoudon'tknowaheadoftimehowmany
#timesyou'llhavetoloop
random_num=random.randrange(0,100)

while(random_num!=15):
print(random_num)
random_num=random.randrange(0,100)

#Aniteratorforawhileloopisdefinedbeforetheloop
i=0
while(i<=20):
if(i%2==0):
print(i)
elif(i==9):
#Forcesthelooptoendalltogether
break
else:
#Shorthandfori=i+1
i+=1
#Skipstothenextiterationoftheloop
continue

i+=1

#FUNCTIONS

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PythonProgramming

#Functionsallowyoutoreuseandwritereadablecode
#Typedef(define),functionnameandparametersitreceives
#returnisusedtoreturnsomethingtothecallerofthefunction
defaddNumbers(fNum,sNum):
sumNum=fNum+sNum
returnsumNum

print(addNumbers(1,4))

#Can'tgetthevalueofrNumbecauseitwascreatedinafunction
#Itissaidtobeoutofscope
#print(sumNum)

#Ifyoudefineavariableoutsideofthefunctionitworkseveryplace
newNum=0
defsubNumbers(fNum,sNum):
newNum=fNumsNum
returnnewNum

print(subNumbers(1,4))

#USERINPUT
print('Whatisyourname?')

#StoreseverythingtypedupuntilENTER
name=sys.stdin.readline()

print('Hello',name)

#STRINGS
#Astringisaseriesofcharacterssurroundedby'or"
long_string="I'llcatchyouifyoufallTheFloor"

#Retrievethefirst4characters
print(long_string[0:4])

#Getthelast5characters
print(long_string[5:])

#Everythinguptothelast5characters
print(long_string[:5])

#Concatenatepartofastringtoanother
print(long_string[:4]+"bethere")

#Stringformatting
print("%cismy%sletterandmynumber%dnumberis%.5f"%('X','favorite',

#Capitalizesthefirstletter
print(long_string.capitalize())

#Returnstheindexofthestartofthestring
#casesensitive
print(long_string.find("Floor"))

#Returnstrueifallcharactersareletters'isn'taletter
print(long_string.isalpha())

#Returnstrueifallcharactersarenumbers
print(long_string.isalnum())

#Returnsthestringlength
print(len(long_string))

#Replacethefirstwordwiththesecond(Addanumbertoreplacemore)

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PythonProgramming

print(long_string.replace("Floor","Ground"))

#Removewhitespacefromfrontandend
print(long_string.strip())

#Splitastringintoalistbasedonthedelimiteryouprovide
quote_list=long_string.split("")
print(quote_list)

#FILEI/O

#Overwriteorcreateafileforwriting
test_file=open("test.txt","wb")

#Getthefilemodeused
print(test_file.mode)

#Getthefilesname
print(test_file.name)

#Writetexttoafilewithanewline
test_file.write(bytes("Writemetothefile\n",'UTF8'))

#Closethefile
test_file.close()

#Opensafileforreadingandwriting
test_file=open("test.txt","r+")

#Readtextfromthefile
text_in_file=test_file.read()

print(text_in_file)

#Deletethefile
os.remove("test.txt")

#CLASSESANDOBJECTS
#TheconceptofOOPallowsustomodelrealworldthingsusingcode
#Everyobjecthasattributes(color,height,weight)whichareobjectvariables
#Everyobjecthasabilities(walk,talk,eat)whichareobjectfunctions

classAnimal:
#Nonesignifiesthelackofavalue
#Youcanmakeavariableprivatebystartingitwith__
__name=None
__height=None
__weight=None
__sound=None

#Theconstructoriscalledtosetuporinitializeanobject
#selfallowsanobjecttorefertoitselfinsideoftheclass
def__init__(self,name,height,weight,sound):
self.__name=name
self.__height=height
self.__weight=weight
self.__sound=sound

defset_name(self,name):
self.__name=name

defset_height(self,height):
self.__height=height

defset_weight(self,height):

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PythonProgramming

self.__height=height

defset_sound(self,sound):
self.__sound=sound

defget_name(self):
returnself.__name

defget_height(self):
returnstr(self.__height)

defget_weight(self):
returnstr(self.__weight)

defget_sound(self):
returnself.__sound

defget_type(self):
print("Animal")

deftoString(self):
return"{}is{}cmtalland{}kilogramsandsays{}".format(self.__name

#HowtocreateaAnimalobject
cat=Animal('Whiskers',33,10,'Meow')

print(cat.toString())

#Youcan'taccessthisvaluedirectlybecauseitisprivate
#print(cat.__name)

#INHERITANCE
#Youcaninheritallofthevariablesandmethodsfromanotherclass

classDog(Animal):
__owner=None

def__init__(self,name,height,weight,sound,owner):
self.__owner=owner
self.__animal_type=None

#Howtocallthesuperclassconstructor
super(Dog,self).__init__(name,height,weight,sound)

defset_owner(self,owner):
self.__owner=owner

defget_owner(self):
returnself.__owner

defget_type(self):
print("Dog")

#Wecanoverwritefunctionsinthesuperclass
deftoString(self):
return"{}is{}cmtalland{}kilogramsandsays{}.Hisowneris{}"

#Youdon'thavetorequireattributestobesent
#Thisallowsformethodoverloading
defmultiple_sounds(self,how_many=None):
ifhow_manyisNone:
print(self.get_sound)
else:
print(self.get_sound()*how_many)

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PythonProgramming

spot=Dog("Spot",53,27,"Ruff","Derek")

print(spot.toString())

#Polymorphismallowsusetorefertoobjectsastheirsuperclass
#andthecorrectfunctionsarecalledautomatically

classAnimalTesting:
defget_type(self,animal):
animal.get_type()

test_animals=AnimalTesting()

test_animals.get_type(cat)
test_animals.get_type(spot)

spot.multiple_sounds(4)

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