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WHAT IS CARBONATION OF
CONCRETE?
Suryakanta | March 24, 2015 | Concrete, Concrete Technology, Materials | No Comments

CARBONATION OF CONCRETE
Carbonation of concrete is one of the reasons for corrosion of reinforcement. It is a process by

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which carbon dioxide from air penetrates into the concrete and reacts with calcium hydroxide
to form calcium carbonates.

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The percentage of CO2 present is air vary from place to place. In case of rural areas the
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concentration of CO2 in air may be about 0.03% by volume, where as in urban areas it may
vary from 0.3% to 1.0%. This CO2, in presence of moisture changes into dilute carbonic acid
and attacks the concrete and reduces alkalinity of concrete.
Due to reduction of alkalinity of concrete, the pH value of pore water in the hardened cement
paste reduces from 13 to 9.0. When all the Ca(OH)2 has become carbonated, the pH value
again reduces to about 8.3. And at this low pH value, the protective layer gets destroyed and
the steel is exposed to corrosion.

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Result of carbonation of concrete

?

FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF CARBONATION

The rate of carbonation depends on the following factors.
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Presence of pore water

Permeability of concrete

DENSITY TEST OF
HYDRAULIC CEMENT
(ASTM-C-188)

Protected or unprotected concrete

October 14, 2015

Grade of concrete

Depth of cover
Time
If pores in the concrete are dry then CO2 remains in gaseous from and does not react with
hydrated lime and carbonation cannot take place.
The higher the grade of concrete, the slower will be the rate of carbonation
In case of less permeable concrete the rate of carbonation is slower and vice versa.
Definitely the concrete which are protected are less prone to carbonation.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Suryakanta
Geotechnical-Material Engineer. You can connect me on Google +.
To know more about me just visit AboutMe

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

QUALITY

10 DIFFERENT TYPES

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

WHAT ARE THE

SAFE BEARING

WHAT CAUSE DEFECTS

REQUIREMENTS FOR

OF STAIRS

SCAFFOLDING,

ADVANTAGES OF

CAPACITY VALUES OF

IN BRICK MASONRY

BURNT CLAY FLY ASH

COMMONLY

SHORING &

HOLLOW CONCRETE

DIFFERENT SOILS &

AND ITS REMEDIES?

BUILDING BRICKS

DESIGNED FOR

UNDERPINNING

BLOCK MASONRY?

ROCKS

BUILDINGS

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