CE687LEC5

DrPoojajain

DrillingPlatforms
Twotypes
Movabledrillingrig
Permanentdrillingrig
Formeristypicallyused

forexplorationpurpose
whilelaterisusedforthe
extractionandproduction
ofoiland/orgas

DrillShips
Drillshipsareshipsdesignedtocarryoutdrilling
operations
Theseboatsarespeciallydesignedtocarrydrilling

platformsouttodeepsealocations
Atypicallydrillshipwillhaveadrillingplatformand
derricklocatedonthemiddleofitsdeck
Inaddition,drillshipscontainahole(ormoonpool),
extendingrightthroughtheshipdownthroughthe
hull,whichallowforthedrillstringtoextendthrough
theboat,downintothewater.
Usedtodrillinverydeepwater,whichcanbequite
turbulent
3

 Theyusedynamicpositioningsystem
Equippedwithelectricmotorsontheundersideofthe

shipshull
Capableofpropellingtheshipinanydirection

Dynamicpositioningsystem
Propellermotorsareintegratedwiththecomputer
systemoftheship
Usessatellitepositioningtechnology,inconjunction
withsensorslocatedonthedrillingtemplate
Ensuresthattheshipisdirectlyabovethedrillsiteatall
times

 Itisanadaptationofastandardseagoingshipof

monohullform
Additionsaresubstructurecontainingamoonpool
Cantileversfromwhichthedrillingoperationsmaybe

carriedout

Thesevesselsareequippedwithadditionalmeansof

positioningtheunitoverthedrillcenter
Thisisreqtoestablishclosecontactwiththeborehole

intheseabed

 Thesevesselsmaybeheldinpositionbyeithera

mooringsystemoraDynamicPositioningSystem
Drillshipsaresusceptibletowaveaction
Criticallyintheresponseisextremelyimp
Becausethevesselisconnectedtoseabedbyariserand

thedrillstringisincontactwiththebottomofthebore
hole

Drillshipscandrillholesupto3000mandare

typicallyusedforexplorationactivities,especiallyin
remotelocations

 Highlymobile,theycantravelanywhereastheyrself

propelled
Theyarealsorelativelyunstableandliabletobetossed
bywavesandcussents
Manydrillshipsareequippedwithdynamic
positioningsystem,whichusecomputerstodetectthe
shiphasstrayedtoofarfromitsdesiredlocation
Whennecessary,theyactivatethrusterstomovethe
shipbackintoplace

10

11

Drillships
Drillshipsarepreferredfordeepwaterdrillingin
remotelocationswithmoderateweatherenvironment
Highmobilityandlargeloadcarryingcapabilityare
salientadvantages
Incomparisontosemisubmersible,Drillshipsare
advantageous
Becauseofitsconventionalshipshapedhull
Theycanbesubjectedtolongerperiodsofdowntime

underwindandwaveaction

Drillshipsareusedinsmootherwatersoftheworld
Semisubmersiblescandrillinthemosthostile
environment

12

 Inmostcommoncase,platformisequippedwith

anchorlines
Amooringsystemusuallyhas8to12anchorlinesfor
eachplatform
However,inwaterdepthsdeeperthan1000m,a
mooringsystembecomesuneconomicorimpractical
AlternativesolutionisDynamicpositioningsystem

13

DynamicPositioningSystems
DPScontrolsplatformdisplacementsinthethreehorizontal

degreesoffreedom:surge,swayandyaw
TheDPSiscomposedofacontroller,asensorsystem,thruster
systemandapowersystem
Thesensorsystemfeedstothecontrollerwithinformationabt
theplatformpositioningandenvironmentalparameterswinds,
currentsandwaves
Thecontrollercommandstheactionofthrusters,installedon
thebottomoftheplatformhull
Generateforcesandmomentneededtocounteractthe

environmentalforces
Keeptheplatformatthereferencepoint

Thecontrollerkeepstheplatformwithinatoleranceradiusof

about2%to6%ofthewaterdepth

14

15

16

17

Petroleumproducts

18

PlatformPartsDescription
TOPSIDE

Incorporatesprocessandutilityequipment:

DrillingRig

InjectionCompressors

GasCompressors

GasTurbineGenerators

Piping

HVAC(HeatingVentingandAirConditioning)

Instrumentation
Accommodationforoperatingpersonnel.
Craneforequipmenthandling
Helipad
19

MOORING&ANCHORS
Material
Steelchain
Steelwirerope
Centenaryshapeduetoheavyweight.
Lengthofropeismore.
Syntheticfiberrope
Tautshapeduetosubstantiallessweightthansteel
ropes.
Lessropelengthrequired
Corrosionfree
20

RISER
Pipesusedforproduction,drilling,andexportofOilandGasfromSeabed.
Risersystemisakeycomponentforoffshoredrillingorfloatingproduction

projects.
Thecostandtechnicalchallengesoftherisersystemincreasesignificantlywith
waterdepth.
Designofrisersystemdependsonfieldlayout,vesselinterfaces,Fluid
propertiesandenvironmentalcondition.
Remainsintensionduetoselfweight
Profilesaredesignedtoreduceloadontopside

Typesofrisers:
1.Rigid
2.FlexibleAllowsvesselmotionduetowaveloadingandcompensatesheave
motion
Simplecatenaryrisers:Flexiblepipeisfreelysuspendedbetweensurfacevessel

andthe

seabed.
Othercatenaryvariantspossible
21

OffshoreInstallationsDescription
Accommodation
Theaccommodationblockisafullrangeofhotelservicesdesignedtocaterto
theneedsofthepersonnelemployedintheoperationandmaintenanceofthe
installation.

Temporarysaferefuge(T.S.R.)
TheTSRservesasasafegatheringplaceforpersonnelwhiletheemergencyis
assessedandmitigated,controlmethodsareactivated,andpreparationsare
madeforevacuation.

WellheadArea
ThewellheadareacontainstheChristmastreeswhichregulatetheflowof

hydrocarbonproducts

Pilecluster
Fittedonfairlydeepwaterjacketstohousethefoundationpiles.

22

 ProcessArea
Theprocessareacontainsthepressurevesselsandassociated
equipmentrequiredtoremoveimpurities&biproductsfromthe
oilandgaspriortotheirdischargeintothesubseapipeline.

PowerGeneration
Duetogreatdistancefromthecoastalarea,alltheplatformsare

selfsufficientinallaspectsincludingelectricity.Thealternators
maybedrivenbyreciprocatingdieselorgasengines,orbygas
turbines.

Helideck
Helicoptersprovidethemeansbywhichpersonnelaretransported

toandfromoffshoreinstallationsandtheyarealsousedasaprime
meansofevacuationduringemergency.

23

 RadioMast
Asteeltowerwhichaccommodatescommunicationcomponentssuchas
satelliteandtelemetrydishes.

Lifeboats
Intheeventofanemergencywhichnecessitatesabandonmentofthe
installation,thelifeboatsprovideameansofescapetotheseaintheabsenceof
helicopterassistance.

VentStack(gasproducinginstallationsonly)
Verticalopenendeddischargepipethroughwhichprocessgasmaybeexpelled

toatmosphereinordertodepressureandmakesafethegasprocessequipment.

Flarestack(oilproducinginstallationsonly)
Thisprovidesasafe,remotelocationforthedisposal,byburningofunwanted

gaseousHCbiproductsproducedduringoilrefiningprocess.

24

 DrillingDerrick
Thedrillingderrickisusedthroughoutthelifeofaninstallationto
drillnewoilwells,todrillwellsforEOR,waterandgasinjection,
andtocarryoutmodificationandrepairoperations.

PedestalCranes
Thecranesareusedtoassistinmaintenanceoperationsandto
facilitatetheunloadingandloadingofstoresfromsupplyboats.

Cellardeck
Lowermostdeckinprocessarea.

Spiderdeck
Walkwaylocatedabovethehighwaterlinefacilitatesinspection
andmaintenanceofthejacketstructure.Italsoprovidesan
emergencyescaperoutetothesea.
25

 Jacket
Tubularsteelsupportstructure.

Conductorguideframe
Guideframesarelocatedatregularintervalsbothaboveandbelowsea
leveltorestrainthewellheadconductorsagainstlateralmovement.

Conductor
Sectionofpipeextendingfromtheseabedtothewellheadarea,the
conductorsupportstheChristmastreeandcontainsthepipingsystem
orcasingstringswhichconductoilorgasfromthereservoirtothe
installation.

Riser
Sectionofthesubseapipelineextendingfromtheseabedtothe
emergencyshutdownvalve(ESDV)ontheinstallation.

26

 RiserClamp
Clamporclampsusedtosecuretherisertothejacket.

Caisson
Tubularsteelpipesorcasingsextendingtoapositionbelowthelowestsealevel.
Theymayaccommodatedeepwellpumpsforfirefightingandservicewater
facilities,orprovideadisposalrouteforunwantedliquidsanddrains.

MudMats
Steelplatesattachedtothebaseofeachlegtopreventoverpenetrationofjacket

intothesoftseabed.

Jtubes
OpenendedJshapedpipeattachedtothejacketstructureandextendingfrom

thecellardecktoseabed.Providesprotectionforflexibleflowlinesand
umbilicalsemanatingfromsubseawells.

27

Corrosionprotectiononplatforms
Theusualformofcorrosionprotectionofthe

underwaterpartofthejacketaswellastheupperpart
ofthepilesinsoilisbycathodicprotectionusing
sacrificialanodes.
Asacrificialanodeconsistsofazinc/aluminiumbar
castaboutasteeltubeandweldedontothestructures.
Typicallyapproximately5%ofthejacketweightis
appliedasanodes.
Thesteelworkinthesplashzoneisusuallyprotected
byasacrificialwallthicknessof12mmtothemembers
28