PIPECLASS&THICKNESS

PIPE
CLASS & THICKNESS
onShipbuildingApplication
HariPrastowo
the Dept of Marine Engineering ITS
theDeptofMarineEngineeringITS

SCOPEOFCLASSRULES
ONMACHINERYSYSTEMS
Applytopipingsystems,includingvalves,fittingsand
pumps which are:
pumps,whichare:
1. Necessaryfortheoperationofthemainpropulsion
anditsauxiliaries andequipment
2. Pipingsystemsusedinoperationoftheship,
whosefailurecoulddirectlyorindirectlyimpair
the safety oftheshiporcargo
thesafety
of the ship or cargo
3. Pipingsystemswhicharedealtwithothersections
oftherules

DOCUMENTSFORCLASSAPPROVAL (BKI)
1.
2.

Engine room arrangement plan

Shipboard Electrical plans

3.

Diagrammatic plans (incl. detail

necessary ee.g.
g list of valves
valves,
fittings, and pumps) of:

Steam lines & Condensate system

Boiler feed water system
Thermal Oil system
FO system (Bunkering, Transfer, and
Supply lines)
Cooling system (SW and FW)
LO system
Starting & compressed air system
Exhaust gas system
Bilge system & Ballast system
Air, overflow, and sounding pipes
including detail of filling pipe cross
section
Domestic water supply (SW and FW
system incl Drinking water )

Sanitary / sewage discharge piping

Equipment for the treatment and
storage of bilge and oil residues

4 Remotely controlled valves

4.

Diagrammatic piping plans and

diagrammatic plans of location of piping
and control stand in the ship
Diagrammatic plans and Electrical
Circuit Diagrams of the Control Station
and Power Units, Drawings of as well
as the remotely controlled valves,
control stands, and the corresponding
pressure accumulator

5 F
5.
For steam
t
lilines with
ith working
ki
temperatures > 400 C:

The Calculation of Corresponding

Stress
Isometric Data

CLASSIFICATION
OFPIPES
References:
1. Germanische Lloyd
y
2. American Bureau of Shipping
3. Piping Hand book

PIPINGSYSTEM:GENERALDEFINITION
1.
2.

(4) Regulator
(2) Transporter

3.
(5) Sink

(3) Power Supply

4.

(1) Source

5.

Source: source where the fluid

from. i.e.: Tanks & Sea Chest
Transporter: a means to
transport fluids i.e.:
i e : Pipes
Power Supply: power to make
fluids flow i.e.: Pumps (liquid) &
Compressor (gas)
Regulator: components to
regulate flow (pressure, flowrate,
p
etc)) i.e.:
direction, temperature,
fittings, ellbow, valves, heater,
cooler, etc.
Sink: destination where the fluid
is transfered. i.e.: tanks,
overboard, etc

PIPESIZE(1)
InitiallyasystemknownasIronPipeSize(IPS) wasestablished
todesignatethe pipesize.Thesizerepresentedthe
approximateinsidediameter ofthepipein inches.
Tobegin,eachpipe sizewasproducedtohaveonethickness,
whichlaterwastermedasstandard(STD) orstandardweight
(STD.WT.).
Astheindustrialrequirementsdemandedthehandlingof
higherpressurefluids, pipeswereproducedhavingthicker
walls,whichcametobeknownas:
extrastrong (XS)orextraheavy(XH),and
double
d bl extrastrong(XXS)ordoubleextraheavy(XXH)
t t
(XXS) d bl
t h
(XXH)
walls
whilethestandardized outsidediametersareunchanged.

PIPESIZE(2)
The needforthinnerwallpiperesultedinanewmethodof
specifyingpipesizeand wallthickness.Thedesignation
knownasNominalPipeSize(NPS) replacedIPS, andtheterm
schedule(SCH)
h d l (SCH) wasinventedtospecifythenominalwall
i
t dt
if th
i l ll
thickness ofpipe.
Nominalpipesize(NPS)isadimensionlessdesignator ofpipe
size.Itindicates standardpipesizewhenfollowedbythe
specificsizedesignationnumberwithout aninchsymbol.
Forexample: NPS2indicatesapipewhoseoutsidediameteris
2.375in.TheNPS12andsmallerpipehasoutsidediameter
greater than the size designator(say,2,4,6,...).However,
greaterthanthesize
designator (say 2 4 6
) However
theoutsidediameterofNPS14andlarger pipeisthesameas
thesizedesignatorininches.

PIPESIZE(3)

Diameternominal(DN) isalsoadimensionlessdesignator ofpipesizeinthe metricunit

system,developedbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO). Itindicates
standardpipesizewhenfollowedbythespecificsizedesignationnumber withouta
millimetersymbol.Forexample,DN50istheequivalentdesignationof NPS2.

THICKNESSOFPIPE
Aschedulenumber indicatestheapproximatevalueofthe expression
1000P/S,wherePistheservicepressure andSistheallowablestress,
bothexpressedinpoundspersquareinch(psi).
SScheduleisexpressedinnumbers(5,5S,10,10S,20,20S,30,40,40S,60,
h d l i
di
b (5 5S 10 10S 20 20S 30 40 40S 60
80,80S, 100,120,140,160).
Thehigher theschedulenumber, thethicker thepipeis.Theoutside
diameterofeachpipesizeisstandardized. Therefore,aparticularnominal
pipesizewillhaveadifferentinsidediameter dependinguponthe
schedulenumberspecified.
NotethattheoriginalpipewallthicknessdesignationsofSTD,XS,andXXS
have been retained; however they correspond to a certain schedule
havebeenretained;however,theycorrespondtoacertainschedule
numberdepending uponthenominalpipesize.Thenominalwall
thicknessofNPS10and smallerschedule40pipeisassameasthatof
STD.WT.pipe.Also,NPS8andsmaller schedule80pipehasthesamewall
thicknessasXSpipe.

TYPEOFPIPESONSHIPS
Regardingtypeofseamings:

Seamlesspipe smalldiameter(<8)
Seamweldpipe
ld
largediameter
l
d

Regardingtypeofmaterials:

Metal
Nonmetal
PVC

Ferous

Cast-Steel
Steel
Cast-Iron

Non-Ferous
Composite

Al
Cu

PipeThickness:scheduleno.
Pi
Thi k
h d l
dependsuponworkingpressure
d
d
ki
andtemperature ofthesystem
PipeMaterials:seeClassificationRulesforapprovedmaterials

SEAMLESSPIPES

Application of Steel as approved material

Approved material for Castings (valves, fittings, pipes)

Application of Non-ferrous & Non-metallic materials

PIPECLASSESref.toGL

CLASSESOFPIPINGSYSTEMSref. toABS

CLASSESOFPIPINGSYSTEMSinGeneral

APPROVED MATERIALS AND TYPES OF CERTIFICATE

10

CERTIFICATION OF PIPING COMPONENTS

1. ABScertification

Thisinvolvesdesignapprovalofthecomponent,as
applicable,andtestinginaccordancewiththestandardof
pp
,
g
complianceatthemanufacturersplant.

2. Designapproval

thepipingcomponentsaretomeetapplicablerecognized
standard,oraretobedesignapprovedbytheBureau.
Forthelatterpurpose,pipefittingsandvalvesaretobe
evaluated fortheiradequacyfortheratedpressuresand
for their adequacy for the rated pressures and
temperatures,
and,asapplicable,typeinspectionandtesting aretobe
conductedaspartofthedesignevaluationprocess.

CERTIFICATION OF PIPING COMPONENTS

3. Manufacturercertification
themanufactureristocertifythatthepiping
y
pp g
componentcomplies withthestandardtowhich
thecomponentisdesigned,fabricatedandtested,
andtoreporttheresultsoftestssoconducted.
ForClassIIIcomponents,manufacturers
trademark,pressure/temperatureratingand
material identification as applicable stamped or
materialidentification,asapplicable,stampedor
castonthecomponent andverifiableagainstthe
manufacturerscatalogorsimilardocumentation
willsuffice.

11

CERTIFICATION OF PIPING COMPONENTS

4. Identification

Whereindicatedaspermanentin461/Table2,thepiping
componentistobearpermanentidentification,suchas
ti t b
t id tifi ti
h
manufacturersnameortrademark,standardofcompliance,
materialidentity,pressurerating,etc.,asrequiredbythe
standardofcomplianceorthemanufacturersspecification.
Suchmarkingsmaybecastorforgedintegralwith,stamped
on,orsecurelyaffixedbynameplateonthecomponent,and
aretoserveasapermanentmeansofidentificationofthe
componentthroughoutitsservicelife.
Whereindicatedastemporary,thepipeistohave
identificationfortraceability duringfabrication.

12

CALCULATION
OFTHEREQUIRED
PIPETHICKNESS
Ref:
y
,
1.
BKIvolIII:RulesforMachineryInstallations,1996
2.
LloydsRegisterofShipping:RulesandRegulationsfor
theClassificationofShips

13

PARAMETERSOF
PIPETHICKNESS

Materialofthepipe
WorkingPressure&Temperature
AllowanceforCorrosion
g
AllowanceforManufacturingTolerance
AllowanceforBending(forpipesbend)

CALCULATIONOFPIPETHICKNESS

S=So+c+t+b
S =Minimumthicknessrequired[mm]
So =calculatedthickness[mm]
c =allowanceforcorrosion[mm]
t =allowanceformanufacturing tolerance[mm]
b =allowanceforbending[mm]

14

CALCULATEDTHICKNESS
So = (da Pc)/(20 .v+Pc)
So=(da.Pc)/(20.
v + Pc)
So =calculatedthickness[mm]
da =outsidediameter[mm]
Pc =designpressure[bar]
Pc
design pressure [bar]
=maxpermissibledesignstress[N/mm2]
v

=weldefficiencyfactor

MAXIMUMPERMISSIBLEDESIGNSTRESS
()
Themaximumpermissible designstress()istobe
takenfromthelowestvalueof thefollowings:
=R(at)/2.7
R(at)=specfdmintensilestrengthatambienttemp

=E(t)/1.6
E(t)=specfdloweryieldstrength,or0.2%proofstressatdesign
temp

=Sr/1.6
Sr=avegestresstoproducerapturein100000hrsatthedesign
temp

15

CORROSIONALLOWANCE
(forcarbonsteelpipes)
Type of system
Superheated-steam, Hydraulic, Lub oil
Closed circuits, Refrigerants,
copper-nickel alloy pipes
Saturated-steam, Fresh-water, Compressed-air, Fuel,
copper & brass pipes
Open-circuit,
Open
circuit boiler
boiler-blowdown,
blowdown
Steam heating coils, Cargo oil.
Sea-water lines

c [mm]
0.3
0.5
1.0
11.55
2.0
3.0

NOTE: For pipes passing through a tank need additional allowance for external
corrosion

MANUFACTUREALLOWANCE

Givingtheallowancefornegativetolerance
ofmanufacturingprocess

t=[a/(100a)].So.[mm]
a =negativetoleranceonthickness[%]
So =calculatedwallthickness[mm]

16

BENDINGALLOWANCE
Bendingprocesscausesreducedthicknessat
the outside radius of the pipe bend
theoutsideradiusofthepipebend.

b=0.4(da/R)So[mm]
da =outsidediameterofpipe[mm]
R =bendingradius(usually
bending radius (usually >3D)[mm]
3D) [mm]
So =calculatedthickness[mm]

CHOICEOFPIPETHICKNESS
Dependsonwhatsystemandwhatlocationinwhich
thepipelocated.
pp
Category(N,M,orD)forthicknessref.totable11.4
Pipethicknessreftotable11.5(acc.tocategoryand
diameter)
Thetablegivesminimumthickness,thechoiceof
thickness should refer to industrial standards
thicknessshouldrefertoindustrialstandards.
Payattentiononthecertainlocationinwhichpipes
shouldnotbeinstalled

17

@
M

D
X
M
X

X = pipes are NOT to be installed

N
X
M

N
M

X
@
X
N
X

N
X
N
X

X
@

Weeather Deck

Pu mp Room

M
X
M

Cargo Tank

Livving Quarter

F.W
W. DrinkTk

L.O
O. Tank

Ballast Tank

O. Tank
F.O

Cargo holds

Bilge
Ballast M
Seawater
F.O.
L.O.
Steam
N
FW Feed wtr
FW Drinking
FW Cooling

Vo id spaces

location
vs
system

E/R
R

STEEL PIPE THICKNESS (table 11.4 BKI)

@
M

X
@
M
X

@ = need class approvals

18

Engine Cooling pipe

made of galvanized
steel

FO pipes made of
non galvanized cast
iron

19