TRUNG TM GI BT I HAY GI LP TH.

I. i vi ng phn quang hc
Ta xt cc hp cht sau hp cht sau:
Hp cht 1
HO

OH

H3C

CH3

C 3 ng phn quang hc v c 1 meso. Hp cht u v cui trng nhau, chng ta ch cn lt

hp cht u th thu c hp cht cui.
HO

OH

HO

OH

HO

OH

HO

OH

H3C

CH3

H3C

CH3

H3C

CH3

H3C

CH3

M eso

Hp cht 2:
Gi bt i
OH
H3C

OH
HO

CH3

Hp cht di c 2 cacbon bt i, cacbon gia gi l cacbon GI BT I. Nu khng c

nhm OH gia th hp cht ny ch c 3 PQH nh hp cht 1. Chnh v c nhm OH lm
cho hai ng phn u v cui khi lt khng trng nhau c.
Cch v: C nh cacbon bt i trc hoc sau (trong cng thc phi cnh), tri hoc phi
(trong cng thc Fiso) ri tro hai nhm OH cn li c 4 ng phn.
OH

OH

H3C

OH
CH3

H3C

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

CH3

CH3
OH

HO

OH

OH

OH

HO

CH3

CH3

HO

H
OH
H
CH3

OH
CH3

HO

HO

H3C

CH3
HO

CH3

OH

OH

H3C

CH3
HO

CH3

CH3

OH

II. i vi ng phn hnh hc.

Ta xt 2 hp cht sau:
Hp cht 1:
H3C-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH3.
Hp cht ny c 3 ng phn hnh hc. V hai hp cht gia khi lt ngc th trng nhau.
H3C

H3C
CH3

CH3
H3C

H3C
CH3

CH3

Hp cht 2:
H3C
CH3
H3C

Tng t nh trng hp xt ng phn quang hc. R rng ni i vng trn khng phi l
trung tm lp th ca ng phn hnh hc (v hai nhnh ln kt vo bn tri ging nhau). Nu
khng c nhm CH3 ni i vng trn th hp cht ny ch c 3 PHH. Chnh nhm CH3
lm cho hai ng phn gia khng trng nhau khi lt ngc (hnh di)
Cch v: C nh nhm CH3 ca ni i vng trn i ln hoc xung. Sau , tro cc nhm
-CH3 cn li s c 4 ng phn:
H3C

H3C
H3C

H3C
CH3
H3C

CH3

CH3
H3C

H3C
H3C

CH3