Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

Chapters 7 & 8: Techniques and Applications of Differentiation

(Worked Solutions)

1. AJC/Promo 08/Q1
−3 −9 x
(a)
d
dx
( ( )) ( )
sin cos −1 ( 3 x ) = cos cos −1 ( 3 x ) .
1− 9x 2
=
1 − 9 x2
dx dy
(b) = 1 − cos θ , = sin θ
dθ dθ
dy dy dθ sin θ
= × =
dx dθ dx 1 − cos θ
dy 1
At point where θ = α , =
dx 2
sin α 1
⇒ =
1 − cos α 2
⇒ 2sin α = 1 − cos α
⇒ 2sin α + cos α = 1 (shown)
2. DHS/Promo 08/Q7
(i)
8 y 2 + x 2 − 4 x 2 y = −4
Diff wrt x:
dy ⎛ dy ⎞
16 y + 2 x − 4 ⎜ 2 xy + x 2 ⎟ = 0
dx ⎝ dx ⎠
dy 8 xy − 2 x
=
dx 16 y − 4 x 2
dy 4 xy − x
=
dx 8 y − 2 x 2

(ii) 8 y 2 + x 2 − 4 x 2 y = −4 ---- (1)

1
y = − x ---- (2)
2
Sub (2) in (1):
2 x 2 + x 2 + 2 x 3 = −4
2 x3 + 3x 2 + 4 = 0
From GC, x = −2
∴ y = 1 and
dy 4 ( −2 ) − ( −2 ) −6
= =
8 − 2 ( −2 )
2
dx 0
1 0
⇒− =− =0
dy −6
dx
⇒ The normal at x = −2 is a horizontal line with equation y = 1

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 1

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

3. JJC/Promo 08/Q2
d 1 1 1
(a) ⎡⎣ tan −1 ( ln x ) ⎤⎦ = × =
dx 1 + (ln x) x x ⎡⎣1 + (ln x)2 ⎤⎦
2

dy
(b) y = e − x sin 2 x ⇒ = e − x (2 cos 2 x − sin 2 x)
dx
π π
πdy − π π −
When x = = e 4 (2 cos − sin ) = −e 4
,
4 dx 2 2
π
π
Now, (gradient of tangent at x = ) × (gradient of line y = e 4 x )
4
π π
−
= −e 4
× e 4 = −1 .

π
Or Gradient of tangent at x =
4
π
− 1 1
= −e 4
=− π
= − π
e4 gradient of line y = e 4 x

Thus, the lines are perpendicular to each other.

4. MJC/Promo 08/Q7
(a) x = 3t 2 − 6t y = 4t 3 − 5
dx dy
= 6t − 6 = 12t 2
dt dt
dy 12t 2 2t 2
= =
dx 6t − 6 t − 1

When the normal is parallel to the x–axis,

t −1
gradient of normal = − 2 = 0
2t
⇒ t =1
x = 3(1) 2 − 6(1)
= −3
y = 4(1)3 − 5
= −1
∴ point on curve is ( −3, − 1)

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 2

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

dA
(b) (i) A = 4π r 2 , = 6.4 cm 3s −1
dt
dA
= 8π r
dr
dr dr dA
= ⋅
dt dA dt
1
= ⋅ (6.4) (when r = 10)
8π r
2
= = 0.0255 cm s −1 (to 3 s.f.)
25π
4
(ii) V = π r 3
3
dV
= 4π r 2
dr
dV dV dr
= ⋅
dt dr dt
1
= 4π r 2 ⋅ (6.4)
8π r
r
= (6.4) (when r = 10)
2
= 32 cm3 s −1
5. MJC/Promo 08/Q10
(a) xy 2 + 3e y = 4 x
dy dy
y 2 + 2 xy + 3e y =4
dx dx
dy
dx
( 2 xy + 3e y ) = 4 − y 2

dy 4 − y2
=
dx 2 xy + 3e y

⎛ du dv ⎞
⎜ v −u ⎟
dx
(b) = 2 ⎜ dt 2 dt ⎟
dt ⎜⎜ v ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ t +1− t ⎞
= 2⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ (t + 1) ⎠
2
=
(1 + t ) 2

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 3

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

dy cos t
=
dt sin t
= cot t

dy dy dt
=
dx dt dx
⎛ (1 + t ) 2 ⎞
= cot t ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
1
= (1 + t ) 2 cot t
2
dy ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2 x cos −1 x
(c) = 1+ 1− x ⎜− 2
⎟−
dx ⎝ 1− x ⎠ 2 1− x
2 2

x cos −1 x
=−
1 − x2
x cos −1 x ⎛ 1 − x 2 ⎞
=− ⎜ ⎟
1 − x 2 ⎜⎝ 1 − x 2 ⎟⎠
x ( y − x)
=−
1 − x2
x( x − y)
= (shown)
1 − x2

6. MI/Promo 08 PU2/P2/Q5
dx dy
(a) = 2t , = 12t 3 + 24t 2
dt dt
dy 12t 3 + 24t 2
= = 6t 2 + 12t
dx 2t
dy
At t = −1 , x = −3 , y = −5 , = −6
dx
y+5
Equation of tangent is = − 6 ⇒ y = − 6 x − 23
x+3
dy dy
(b) 3 x 2 + 3 y 2 + 3 y + 3x =0
dx dx
dy
At ( 2, − 1) , = −1
dx
−1
Gradient of normal at ( 2, − 1) is = 1.
−1
y +1
Equation of normal at ( 2, − 1) is =1 ⇒ y = x −3.
x−2
Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 4
Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

7. NYJC/Promo 08/Q3
d x d
(i) ln( ) = [ln x − ln(1 + x 2 )]
dx 1 + x 2
dx
1 2x
= −
x 1 + x2
1 + x2 − 2 x2 1 − x2
= =
x(1 + x 2 ) x(1 + x 2 )
d 2
(ii) ( x cos x3 ) = 2 x cos x3 − x 2 sin x3 (3 x 2 )
dx
= 2 x cos x3 − 3x 4 sin x 3
1
tan −1 ( 5 x 4 ) =
d
(iii) (20 x3 )
dx 1 + (5 x 4 ) 2
20 x3
=
1 + 25 x8

8. PJC/Promo 08/Q1
d 2 2 2
(a) ( xe x ) = x(2 xe x ) + e x
dx
2 2
= 2 x 2e x + e x
2
= e x (2 x 2 + 1)
d
(b)
dx
( sin 3 2 x ) = (3sin 2 2 x)(2 cos 2 x)
= 6 sin 2 2 x cos 2 x

9. PJC/Promo 08/Q3
⎛ h ⎞
A = 2π rl = 2π ( h tan 30 ) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ cos 30 ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 3⎞ 4 2
= 2π h ⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎜ h ÷ 2 ⎟⎟ = 3 π h (shown)
⎝ 3 ⎠⎝ ⎠

dA dA dh 8 dh
= = πh
dt d h dt 3 dt
h = 8,
dA dA dh 8
= = π ( 8 )( −0.36 ) = −7.68π cm2 s −1
dt dh dt 3

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 5

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

10. PJC/Promo 08/Q10

2
(i) x = 2u 2 , y=
u
dx dy −2
= 4u , =
du du u 2
dy dy du −2 1 1
∴ = × = 2× =− 3.
dx du dx u 4u 2u
dy 1
At u = 1, = − , x = 2, y = 2.
dx 2
1
Eqn of tangent: y − 2 = − ( x − 2)
2
1
y = − x+3
2
2
Alternative : u =
y
2
⎛2⎞
x = 2⎜ ⎟
⎝ y⎠
8
y2 =
x
dy ⎛ 8 ⎞
Diff wrt x , 2 y = −⎜ 2 ⎟
dx ⎝x ⎠
dy 1
At u = 1, = − , x = 2, y = 2.
dx 2
1
Eqn of tangent: y − 2 = − ( x − 2)
2
1
y = − x+3
2

(ii) At pts of intersection between the tangent and the curve,

2 1
= − ( 2u 2 ) + 3
u 2
4 = −2u 3 + 6u
u 3 − 3u + 2 = 0
(u − 1)(u 2 + u − 2) = 0
( u − 1)( u + 2 )( u − 1) = 0
u =1 or u = −2
∴ the tangent will intersect the curve again.
8 1
Alternative : Solve y 2 = and y = − x + 3 simultaneously
x 2

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 6

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

Obtain y 3 − 3 y 2 + 4 = 0
y = 2, 2, −1 and u = 1 , −2
∴ the tangent will intersect the curve again.
(iii)
gradient of normal = 2u 3
1
2u 3 =
4
1
u=
2

11. SRJC/Promo 08/Q7

(i) ( x + 2 y ) 2 + 3( x − y ) 2 = 27
dy dy
2( x + 2 y )(1 + 2 ) + 6( x − y )(1 − ) = 0
dx dx
dy
( x + 2 y + 3 x − 3 y ) + (2 x + 4 y − 3 x + 3 y ) =0
dx
dy
(4 x − y ) + (− x + 7 y ) =0
dx
dy y − 4 x
= (shown)
dx 7 y − x

(ii) (a) Tangent parallel to x-axis:

y − 4x = 0
y = 4x
( x + 8 x) 2 + 3( x − 4 x) 2 = 27
81x 2 + 27 x 2 = 27
1 1
x2 = ; x=±
4 2
Eqns of tangent: y = ±2

(b) Tangent parallel to y-axis:

7y − x = 0
x = 7y
(9 y ) 2 + 3(6 y ) 2 = 27
189 y 2 = 27
1
y=±
7
Eqns of tangent: x = ± 7

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 7

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

12. TJC/Promo 08/Q7

3

( )
dx 1 − −t dy
(i) = − 1+ t2 2 ( 2t ) = ; = 3t 2
( )
dt 2 3 dt
1+ t2

dy
dx
= −3t (1 + t ) 2 3

1
(ii) Substitute the parametric equations into y = −2 :
x2
3 2 3 2
t +1 = 1+ t − 2 ⇒ t − t + 2 = 0
Using GC, t = −1

1 dy 3
(iii) When t = −1, x = , y = 0 and = −3 ( −1) (1 + 1) = 3 8 = 6 2
2 dx
⎛ 1 ⎞
Equation of tangent is y = 6 2 ⎜ x − ⎟ = 6 2 −6
⎝ 2⎠

13. TPJC/Promo 08/Q7

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 8

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

14. YJC/Promo 08/Q11

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 9

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

15. YJC/Promo 08/Q13

16. ACJC/Promo 08/Q12

dx dy
x = at 2 ⇒ = 2at , y = 2at ⇒ = 2a
dt dt
dy dy dx 1
∴ = / =
dx dt dt t
Gradient of normal at the point with parameter t is −t
Equation of normal at the point with parameter t is y − 2at = −t ( x − at 2 )
i.e. y + tx = 2at + at 3

At P ( 9a, 6a ) , t = 3.
Equation of normal at P is y + 3 x = 33a
Solving, 2at + 3(at 2 ) = 33a ⇒ 3t 2 + 2t − 33 = 0
⇒ ( 3t + 11)( t − 3) = 0
11 ⎛ 121 22 ⎞
⇒ t=− or t = 3 (rej) ∴ Q ⎜ a, − a ⎟
3 ⎝ 9 3 ⎠

17. Not Available

18. Not Available

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 10

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

19. IJC/Promo 08/Q5

⎛πx ⎞
ln ( x − y ) + sin ⎜ ⎟ − 4 xy = 2 − 8e
2

⎝ 4e ⎠
Diff. wrt x,
1 ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ π x ⎞ ⎤ ⎛ π ⎞ dy
⎜ 1 − ⎟ + ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎜ ⎟ − 4 x − 4 y = 0
x − y ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 4e ⎠ ⎦ ⎝ 4e ⎠ dx
At A ( 2e, e ) ,
1 ⎛ dy ⎞ ⎡ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎤ ⎛ π ⎞ dy
⎜1 − ⎟ + ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ ⎜ ⎟ − 4 ( 2e ) − 4e = 0
e ⎝ dx ⎠ ⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎦ ⎝ 4e ⎠ dx
dy ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1
⎜ + 8e ⎟ = − 4e
dx ⎝ e ⎠ e
1
− 4e
dy e
=
dx 1 + 8e
e
1 − 4e2
=
1 + 8e2

20. IJC/Promo 08/Q6

(i)
f ' ( x ) = 0 ⇒ x = − a , a.
x ( −a ) − −a ( −a )+
f '( x) + 0 −

OR f '' ( −a ) < 0 .
∴ when x = − a , the pt is a max. pt.

x a− a a+
f '( x) − 0 +

OR f '' ( a ) > 0 .
∴ when x = a , the pt is a min. pt.

(ii) (a) f ' ( x ) > 0 ⇒ x < −a or x > a

(b) f '' ( x ) < 0 ⇒ x < 0

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 11

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

21. JJC/Promo 08/Q8

(a) Given x 2 + 3 y 2 + 2 xy = 3 − k ----- (1)
dy dy
Differentiating w.r.t. x: 2 x + 6 y + 2 x + 2 y = 0 ----- (2)
dx dx
dy
For tangent parallel to x-axis, = 0.
dx
From (2): 2x + 0 + 0 + 2 y = 0
⇒ y = − x ----- (3)
Sub(3) into (1): x 2 + 3(− x) 2 + 2 x(− x) = 3 − k
2 x2 = 3 − k
3−k
There is no real solution for x if <0
2
⇒ C does not have any stationary points if k > 3.

dx
(b) x = 2 − sin 2 θ ⇒ = −2sin θ cos θ
dθ
dy
y = 2 + cos 2θ ⇒ = −2sin 2θ
dθ
dy −2sin 2θ
=
dx −2sin θ cos θ
2sin 2θ
= =2
sin 2θ

dy π
Since = 2 > 0, G is increasing for 0 < θ < .
dx 2

22. MI/Promo 08 PU2/P2/Q4

r = x tan 60 = 3 x
1 1
( )
2
V = π r2x = π 3x x = π x3
3 3
(i) Let V1 be the volume of coffee in the
coffee pot when the depth of coffee is y cm.
V1 = π ( 42 ) y = 16π y .

dV1 dV1 dy
= ×
dt dy dt
dy
2π = 16π
dt

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 12

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

dy 1
= or 0.125 cm s–1
dt 8
dV
(ii) = 3π x 2
dx
dV dx
= 3π x 2
dt dt
2
⎛ 5 ⎞ dx
−2π = 3π ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠ dt
dx 6
=− = −0.24 cm s–1
dt 25

23. NJC/Promo 08/Q1

V = x2 y

Surface Area: 4 xy + x 2 = 48

48 − x 2 y
∴y =
4x
x
1
⇒∴V = x(48 − x 2 )

.
x
4
V

x
4

Using GC, max volume occurs when x = 4 and hence y = 2 .

Dimension of box is 4 cm x 4 cm x 2 cm.
24. PJC/Promo 08/Q2 y
y = f ′( x)
y = f(x)

3.824
x
−0.519

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 13

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

5
For f(x) to be concaved downwards, x < or 1.67
3
25. PJC/Promo 08/Q7
(i) π r 2h = V
V
h= 2
πr

A = 2π r 2 + 2π rh
⎛ V ⎞
= 2π r 2 + 2π r ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝πr ⎠
⎛ 2V ⎞
= 2π r 2 + ⎜ ⎟
⎝ r ⎠
dA 2V
(ii) For min A, = 4π r − 2 = 0
dr r
4π r = 2V
3

1
⎛ V ⎞3
r =⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2π ⎠

26. SAJC/Promo 08/Q6

x
2 y + x = 12 ⇒ y = 6 −
2
y 2 − ( 12 x )
2
h=

( 6 − 12 x ) − ( 12 x )
2 2
=

= ( 6 − 12 x − 12 x )( 6 − 12 x + 12 x )
= (6 − x) 6
= 36 − 6 x

1
Area of triangle, A = × base×height
2
x
= 36 − 6 x
2

dA 1 x⎛ −6 ⎞
= 36 − 6 x + ⎜
dx 2 2 ⎝ 2 36 − 6 x ⎟⎠
36 − 6 x − 3x
=
2 36 − 6 x
36 − 9 x
=
2 36 − 6 x

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 14

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

dA
When =0
dx
36 − 9 x = 0
x=4

x 4− 4 4+
dA + 0 -
dx
Alternative solution:
d2A
= −1.30 (3 sig . fig ),
dx 2
Hence area is max. when x = 4.
Since 2 y + x = 12 ⇒ y = 4
∴ Area is a maximum when triangle is equilateral.

27. SRJC/Promo 08/Q10

(i) y = e ( )
sin −1 2 x

ln y = sin −1 ( 2 x )
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞ 2 dy 2y
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ = = (shown)
⎝ y ⎠ ⎝ dx ⎠ 1− ( 2x)
2 dx 1 − 4x2
At the point x = 0, y = 1 ,
dy 2(1)
= =2
dx 1 − 4(0) 2

dy 2y
(ii) From (i), =
dx 1 − 4x2
dy
1 − 4x2 = 2y
dx
1
1 d2y
(1 − 4 x 2 ) 2 ( −8 x ) + 1 − 4 x 2 2 = 2
dy dy
−

2 dx dx dx
−4 x dy 2
d y ⎛ 2y ⎞
+ 1 − 4 x2 2 = 2 ⎜ ⎟
1 − 4 x 2 dx dx ⎝ 1− 4x ⎠
2

d2y
−4 x + (1 − 4 x 2 ) 2 = 4 y
dy
dx dx
2
d y dy
(1 − 4 x 2 ) 2 − 4 x = 4 y (shown)
dx dx

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 15

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

28. TPJC/Promo 08/Q3

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 16

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

29. VJC/Promo 08/Q4

30. HCI/Promo 08/Q7

( x − 1) + ( y − 1)
2 2
Distance between (1, 1) and (x, y), W =
x
Since (x, y) lies on the curve, then y = e 2

( )
2
( x − 1)
2 x
Thus, W = + e 2 −1

( )
2
⇒ W 2 = ( x − 1) + e 2 − 1
2 x

Differentiating w.r.t. x, 2
dW
dx
x
(
= 2 ( x − 1) + e 2 e 2 − 1
x
)
Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 17
Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

dW
dx
1 x
= ( x − 1) + e 2 e 2 − 1
2
x
( )
When
dW
dx
1 x2 x2
(
= 0, ( x − 1) + e e − 1 = 0
2 )

From GC, x = 0.70160785

0.70160785- 0.70160785 0.70160785+
dW
-ve 0 +ve
dx
\ – /
Thus, W is minimum when x = 0.70160785
0.70160785
When x = 0.70160785, y = −e 2
= 1.4202
The point is (0.702, 1.420) [to 3 d.p.]

31. JJC/Promo 08/Q12

(a) (i) 2
r h h
= ⇒ r=
r 2 6 3
2
1 1 ⎛h⎞
V = π r 2h = π ⎜ ⎟ h
3 3 ⎝3⎠
h 6 1
= π h3 [shown]
27

dV 1 2
(ii) Diff: = πh
dh 9
dV π
Given = , h = 2,
dt 16
dV dV dh
= ×
dt dh dt
π 1 dh
⇒ = π (2)2 ×
16 9 dt
dh 9
⇒ = (cm/s)
dt 64

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 18

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

2
⎛x⎞
(b) QR = 10 − ⎜ ⎟
2

⎝2⎠
S R
2
⎛x⎞
p = 2( x + 10 − ⎜ ⎟ )
2

10 ⎝2⎠
O = 2 x + 400 − x 2
P Q
⎛ 2 ⎞
⎛x⎞ x
A = x ⎜ 102 − ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ = 400 − x 2 [shown]
⎜ ⎝2⎠ ⎟ 2
⎝ ⎠
1
dA x ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛1⎞
( )
−
= ⎜ ⎟ 400 − x 2 2 (−2 x) + 400 − x 2 ⎜ ⎟
dx 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2⎠
2
x 1
=− + 400 − x 2
2 400 − x 2 2
dA
For stationary value of A, =0
dx
x2 1
⇒ = 400 − x 2
2 400 − x 2 2
⇒ x 2 = 400 − x 2
⇒ x = 10 2 ( ∵ x > 0)
∴ p = 2(10 2) + 400 − 200 = 30 2 (cm)

32. RJC/Promo 08/Q3

(i) Let a = π r 2 be the area of the smaller circle.

Then π R 2 − a = 25 ⇒ a = π R 2 − 25 .

da dR dR
⇒ = 2π R = 2π R . (since = 1)
dt dt dt
da
When R = 5, = 2π (5) = 10π .
dt
Hence, required rate = 10π cm 2 /min
dr dr da 1 5
(ii) = = (10π ) = .
dt da dt 2π r r
π R 2 − 25
Now, a = π r = π R − 25 ⇒ r =
2 2
. (since r > 0)
π
dr π
Hence, =5 .
dt π R − 25
2

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 19

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

dr π π
When R = 5, =5 = .
dt 25π − 25 π −1
π
Hence, required rate = cm/min .
π −1
33. RJC/Promo 08/Q7
y
B(5,4)
A(0, 3)

O P(x, 0) N x

By Pythagoras’ Theorem,

f ( x) = AP + PB
= (OA)2 + (OP) 2 + ( NP) 2 + ( NB) 2 .
= x 2 + 32 + (5 − x) 2 + 42 (Shown)

df(x) 0.5(2 x) −0.5(2)(5 − x) x x−5

= + = +
dx x 2 + 32 (5 − x) 2 + 42 x 2 + 32 (5 − x) 2 + 42
x (5 − x) 2 + 16 + ( x − 5) x 2 + 9
=
x 2 + 9 (5 − x) 2 + 16
df(x)
Let = 0 , and hence we are solving
dx

x (5 − x) 2 + 16 = −( x − 5) x 2 + 9
⇒ x 2 ((5 − x )2 + 16)) = (5 − x)2 ( x 2 + 9)

On simplification, we have
16 x 2 = 9(5 − x) 2
7 x 2 + 90 x − 225 = 0
(7 x − 15)( x + 15) = 0
df ( x)
When = 0, x = 15/7 (since x > 0) satisfies the quadratic equation given.
dx

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 20

Jurong Junior College \ H2 Mathematics 2009 Nov-Dec Holiday Homework

Using the 1st derivative test,

− ⎛ 15 ⎞ +
x ⎛ 15 ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 15 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎝7⎠ ⎜ ⎟
⎝7⎠ ⎝7⎠
df ( x )
−ve 0 +ve
dx

Or alternatively using the second derivative test,

−1 −1
2 ( x)(2 x) 2( x − 5) 2
d f(x) 1 1
= + 2 + + 2
dx 2 x +3
2 2 3
(5 − x) + 4
2 2 3
( x 2 + 32 ) 2 ((5 − x) 2 + 42 ) 2
x2 + 9 − x2 ((5 − x) 2 + 42 ) − ( x − 5)2
= 3
+ 3
(x + 3 )
2 2 2
((5 − x) + 4 )2 2 2

9 16
= 3
+ 3
(x + 3 )
2
((5 − x) 2 + 42 ) 2
2 2

which is greater than zero when x = 15/7.

Hence f(x) is minimum when x = 15/7, and on substituting x gives f(x) = 74 or 8.60 (to
3.s.f)

Chapters 7 & 8 Techniques & Application of Differentiation (Worked Solutions) 21