HA-CHBINDUKH

Nghincungdnghhaphmcchnmn
trncsImidazolindngchobmpnctrong
cngnghipkhaithcdukh
ThS. Thnh Trung, ThS. Nguyn Xun Trng
ThS. Hong Linh Lan, ThS. Phan Cng Thnh
Vin Du kh Vit Nam

Tm tt
Trong cng ngh khai thc du kh, cc dung dch gc nc mui nh nc bm p l mi trng xy ra hin
tng n mn mnh do cha nhiu tc nhn gy n mn nh oxy, hydrosunfua, cc mui ha tan... Phng php
chng n mn hiu qu nht trong trng hp ny l s dng cc ha phm chng n mn. Trong nhng nm gn
y, Vietsovpetro ang s dng cht c ch n mn TH77 - hng Unichem cho bm p nc.
H ha phm c nhm tc gi ch to trn c s Imidazolin s dng trong nc mui c t trng 1,03 (tng
ng vi nc bin Bch H) c hiu qu bo v cao tng ng vi ha phm TH377. Nng s dng h ha
phm l 10ppm.

1. Gii thiu chung

Nh chng ta bit, bo v kim loi khi n mn c
ngha rt quan trng i vi nn kinh t quc dn. Trong
cng nghip du kh cng vy, vic bo v n mn lun
c ngha quan trng. Trong tt c cc khu t thm d,
khai thc ti vn chuyn x l, ch bin du kh, cc thit
b chuyn dng thng phi tip xc trc tip vi mi
trng n mn. Trong khai thc du kh bin, vn n
mn khng nhng lin quan ti an ton mi trng m
cn nh hng rt ln ti hiu qu khai thc ni chung.
Trong cng ngh khai thc du kh, cc dung dch gc
nc mui nh nc bm p l mi trng xy ra hin
tng n mn mnh do cha nhiu tc nhn gy n mn
nh oxy, hydrosunfua, nhit cao, p sut cao, cc mui
ha tan... Phng php chng n mn hiu qu nht
trong trng hp ny l s dng cc ha phm chng
n mn nh cht c ch n mn, cht kh oxy, cht dit
khun...
Hin nay, cht c ch n mn kim loi s dng trong
cng nghip du kh rt a dng. Phn ln cc cht c
ch n mn hin ang s dng trong khai thc du kh
l cc hp cht hu c cha nit mch hydrocarbon di
theo c ch to mng hp ph, nhng trong mi trng
nc mui th khng nhiu cht c hiu qu cao v trong
iu kin ny kh nng to mng hp ph ca nhiu cht
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b hn ch. Dn xut Imidazolin l dng amin ph bin, c

hiu qu bo v n mn cao trong cc mi trng khc
nhau ty thuc vo dung mi ha tan, cht hot ng
trong h ha phm [1, 2].
2. Ni dung v phng php nghin cu
2.1. Tnh hnh s dng cht c ch n mn trong bm p
nc ca Vietsovpetro trong nhng nm gn y
Trc nhu cu thc t hin nay ca Vietsovpetro v
cc cht c ch n mn trong nc bm p, c nhiu
hng trn th gii cho hng gii thiu cc sn phm
khc nhau, chng l cc dn xut ca amin, amit, dn xut
Imidazolin
Trong h thng bm p nc, ty thuc vo iu kin
c th, hm lng s dng ca cht c ch n mn vo
khong 10ppm.
Qu trnh la chn cht c ch, s dng cht c ch,
kim sot qu trnh n mn xy ra bn trong ng ng
v cc thit b ca h thng bm p nc u l nhng
bc quan trng. Trong , khu u tin ca qu trnh l
th nghim ti phng th nghim la chn cht c ch
thch hp l mt bc quan trng, cn c thc hin cn
thn v k lng m bo tnh hiu qu khi s dng
chng ti h thng bm p nc ti Vietsovpetro.

PETROVIETNAM

Hin nay, Vietsovpetro ang s dng cht c ch n

mn TH377 ca hng Unichem. Lng nc bm p ca
Vietsovpetro trong nhng nm gn y c a ra trong
Bng 1.

khng nh hn 12 thng t ngy nhn, cc ha phm nn

c cc tnh cht n nh sau: khng thay i cc tnh cht
vt l v ha hc c bn, khng to cn hoc kt ta dng
gel v khng gim hiu qu (cht lng).

Bng 1. Lng nc bm p Vietsovpetro

+ Cc ha phm nn c c thp nht vi sc

khe con ngi v mi trng, nn c cho php s
dng trong ngnh du kh di cc quy nh v lut php
ca Vit Nam v cc quy c quc t v bo v mi trng.

2.2. Yu cu k thut i vi cc ha phm c ch n mn

Cht c ch n mn c s dng bo v cc cu
trc, ng ng v thit b bng kim loi ca h thng
nc bm p chng n mn bng cch to ra mt mng
bo v trn b mt kim loi. Cht c ch n mn c s
dng cn m bo cc yu cu k thut sau:
- p ng cc yu cu chung nh:
+ Cc ha phm nn c s dng khi trng thi
lng v sn sng s dng.
+ nht ca cc ha phm nhit 20oC khng
qu 1.000cSt.
+ Cc ha phm nn ha tan c trong nc v
nc bin.

- Khi thc hin th nghim trong phng th nghim

vi nc trung tnh khng c oxy ha tan, vi nng
nm trong gii hn t 5 - 10ppm, cht c ch n mn nn
c hiu qu bo v n mn trn mu kim loi khng thp
hn 90%.
- p dng cht c ch n mn trong h thng bm
p nc nn gim tc n mn ca nc bm p trung
tnh ti gi tr khng qu 0,1mm/nm.
2.3. H c ch n mn trn c s Imidazolin
Cn c vo tnh cht c trng ca mi trng s
dng (nc bm p, vt liu kim loi cn c ch n mn
trong h thng - thp P110) cng nh cc iu kin lm
vic, cc h ha phm c ch n mn kim loi c
xut trong Bng 2.
Imidazolin l cht c ch n mn dng amin s dng
ph bin, c hiu qu cao, loi cht dng trong nghin
cu l dn xut ca:

+ Ha phm nn c nguy c bt chy nh nht.

+ im ng c ca tt c cc ha phm khng nn
cao hn +20oC (nhit bo qun thp nht).
+ Trong iu kin kh hu nhit i vi m trn
100%, vic lu tr trong cc bao gi ca nh cung cp
bo v khi nh sng v ma trc tip, thi gian bo qun
Bng 2. Thnh phn v chc nng ca cc ha phm trong h c ch n mn

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Trong R = C12 C18, ch yu l C18. Imidazolin

thng c trung ha vi axit hu c (axit axetic)
tng hiu qu c ch [8, 9, 10].
Trong mi trng lm vic nghin cu l nc bm
p, cht hot ng b mt la chn cho nghin cu l:
nonylphenol ethoxylat NP10 (cht hot ng b mt
khng ion c kh nng tan c trong nc v trong dung
mi hu c, c HLB di rng, bn nhit, ph bin, d
kim). Dung mi c la chn iso-propanol do c tnh
dung mi tt (ha tan trong nc, trong du), ph bin
v r tin. Thnh phn v tnh cht vt l ca h ha phm
c a ra trong Bng 3 v 4.
2.4. Nguyn vt liu dng trong nghin cu

iu kin s dng thc t, ti s dng loi thp P110

ly t ng khai thc ca Vietsovpetro. Mu thp s dng
nh gi n mn theo phng php mt khi lng c
gia cng theo kch thc 50 x 15 x 3mm nh quy nh ca
tiu chun ASTM G1-03. Mu thp dng trong phng
php in ha c kch thc = 14mm, dy 3mm. Cc
mu thp sau khi gia cng b mt theo ng quy trnh
c bo qun ngp trong du thc vt trnh han g
b mt.
- Dung dch nghin cu:
Nc bm p c s dng l nc bin Bch H c
t trng 1,03, nhm tc gi s dng mui NaCl pha trong
nc c dung dch tng t. Hm lng mui pha
trong nc ngt theo t trng c a ra trong Bng 5.

- Vt liu dng trong nghin cu:

Cc thit b s dng trong cng nghip khai thc du
kh thng c ch to t thp c hm lng cacbon
thp nh: P105, P110. V vy, kt qu nghin cu st vi

Bng 4. Tnh cht vt l ca h ha phm Imidazolin

Bng 3. Thnh phn cu t ca h ha phm Imidazolin

Bng 5. Nc ngt v mui NaCl cn pha 1m3 DD mui

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PETROVIETNAM

2.5. Phng php nh gi

- Phng php in ha (o in tr phn cc RP) s
dng thit b Potentiostat/Galvanostat:

ASTM G31-72, tc n mn c tnh theo cng thc:

Tc n mn:
Trong : W: Khi lng kim loi b mt i sau th
nghim, g.
A: Din tch b mt ban u ca mu kim loi, cm2.
T: Thi gian ngm mu, gi.
D: Khi lng ring ca kim loi, g/cm3.
K: H s ph thuc vo n v tnh tc n mn. (khi
biu din tc n mn bng n v mm/nm K = 8,76 x
104).

Hnh 1. Thit b nh gi tc n mn bng phng php in ha

Hiu qu bo v ca cht c ch c tnh bng %

theo cng thc sau:
(*)

S dng thit b Solatron PARSTAT2273 - Princeton

Applied Research - USA o in tr phn cc vi in
th qut -10mV n +10mV so vi in th cn bng, tc
qut 0,1mV/s, s xc nh c tc n mn thp [4, 6, 7].

Trong : L0: Tc n mn thp trong dung dch

khng c cht c ch n mn.

- Phng php in ha (o in tr phn cc RP) s

dng u d:

L1: Tc n mn thp trong dung dch c cht c

ch n mn.

Phng php da trn nguyn l o in tr phn

cc RP. T RP ca in cc thng qua u d my s tnh ra
tc n mn.

4. Kt qu v tho lun
nh gi hiu qu bo v n mn ca cc h ha
phm c ch n mn s dng cc phng php nghin
cu: phng php in ha - o in tr phn cc RP (s
dng thit b Potentiostat/Galvanostat v s dng u
d) v phng php mt khi lng vi nng kho
st: 5 - 25ppm. Kt qu nghin cu c a ra trong cc
bng v hnh di y.
4.1. Phng php in tr phn cc RP - s dng thit b
Potentiostat/Galvanostat iu kin 25oC
- S dng thit b PARSTAT2273- Princeton Applied
Research- USA o ng cong phn cc.
- in th qut -10mV n +10mV so vi in th
cn bng, tc qut 0,1mV/s.

Hnh 2. Thit b nh gi n mn bng phng php u d

- Phng php mt khi lng:

Bn cht phng php mt khi lng: thng qua
din tch b mt mu kim loi, khi lng ca mu trc
v sau khi ngm trong mi trng th nghim ta c th
xc nh c tc n mn kim loi ny trong mi
trng cn th nghim. Phng php ny c th c
thc hin theo hng dn ca tiu chun ASTM G1-03
[3] v ASTM G31-72 [5]. Theo tiu chun ASTM G1-03 v

- in cc lm vic: thp P110 din tch b mt 1cm2.

- Cc mu thp c nhng ngp trong dung dch
lm vic trng thi tnh.
- H ha phm c ch n mn trn c s Imidazolin
v TH377.
- Nng nh gi: 5, 10, 15, 20 v 25ppm.
- Dung dch lm vic: nc mui t trng 1,03,
pH=8,2, c b sung 98ppm cht kh oxy OS-802.
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HA-CHBINDUKH

- Nhit nh gi 25oC.

ln th hiu qu bo v tng khng ng k. Hiu qu bo

Kt qu o in tr phn cc RP iu kin tnh c

trnh by trong Bng 6.

v ca h ha phm trn c s Imidazolin tng ng

Kt qu o in tr phn cc RP iu kin ng, tc

quay 100 vng/pht (Bng 7).

Nhm tc gi cng phn tch SEM-EDX v xc nh

T s liu trn nhn thy rng i vi phng php

o in tr phn cc RP iu kin tnh cng nh iu
kin ng, khi nng c ch n mn tng th hiu qu
bo v tng v khi nng c ch n mn t 10ppm tr

vi h ha phm TH377.

c s xut hin ca nguyn t nit trn b mt thp

(Hnh 4) l 1,76% i vi mu thp ngm trong dung dch
c cha 20ppm Imidazolin. Trong khi mu thp ban
u khng cha hm lng nit (Hnh 3). iu ny chng
t c mng c ch n mn xut hin trn b mt thp.

Bng 6. Tc n mn thp v hiu qu bo v ca cc h c ch n mn (phng php in tr phn cc iu kin tnh)

Bng 7. Tc n mn thp v hiu qu bo v ca cc h c ch n mn (phng php in tr phn cc iu kin ng)

Hnh 3. Kt qu SEM-EDX mu thp khng c cht c ch n mn

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PETROVIETNAM

Hnh 4. Kt qu SEM-EDX mu thp c c ch n mn 20ppm Imidazolin

4.2. Phng php mt khi lng iu kin nhit 25oC

- Mi th nghim s dng 2 mu thp, kch thc mu:
50 x 10 x 3mm c khoan mt l, ng knh l 6,5mm;
- Cc mu thp c nhng ngp trong dung dch
lm vic trng thi tnh, kn.
- H ha phm c ch n mn trn c s Imidazolin
v TH377.
- Nng nh gi: 5, 10, 15, 20 v 25ppm.
- Dung dch lm vic: nc mui t trng 1,03,
pH = 8,2, c b sung 98ppm cht kh oxy OS-802.
- Nhit nh gi 25oC.
- Thi gian th nghim 96 gi.
- Mu trng: mu thp c t trong dung dch
lm vic khng c cht c ch n mn.
Kt qu th nghim c trnh by trong Bng 8.
Phng php mt khi lng cho thy nng cht
c ch tng th hiu qu bo v tng v khi nng
cht c ch n mn t 10ppm tr ln th hiu qu bo
v > 90%. Hiu qu bo v ca h ha phm trn c s
Imidazolin cao hn h ha phm TH377.
4.3. Phng php in tr phn cc RP - s dng u d
nhit 25oC
- S dng my o tc n mn tc thi AQUAMATE
ca hng Rohrback Cosasco, USA.

- Mi sch cc in cc bng giy nhm c ht 250,

ty sch du m, lm kh bng giy lc.
- Khng ch nhit nc dng th nghim theo
nhit th nghim quy nh (25 - 28oC).
- t 2 bnh th nghim ln 2 my khuy t (1 bnh
khng c cht c ch n mn v 1 bnh c cht c ch n
mn), bt my v khng ch tc quay theo quy nh
(400 - 600 vng/pht). Bt my o tc n mn tc thi;
- o tc n mn trong mi trng khng
c cht c ch, bm cht kh oxy vi nng 98mg/l.
C sau 30 pht/ln tin hnh o v ghi li gi tr tc
n mn K(MPY) hoc K(mm/nm) vi K(mm/nm) =
0,02539*K(MPY).
- o tc n mn trong mi trng c cht c
ch n mn, sau 30 pht t khi bm cht kh xy vi nng
98mg/l vo bnh, tip tc bm cht c ch n mn vo
bnh theo nng quy nh v ghi li ngay gi tr tc
n mn. C sau 30 pht/ln tin hnh o v ghi li gi tr
tc n mn Ki(MPY) hoc Ki (mm/nm).
- Thi gian th nghim l 8 gi tnh t lc bt u
bm cht kh oxy vo bnh.
Kt qu c trnh by trong Bng 9.
Phng php s dng u d l phng php nh
gi tng i nhanh, chnh xc v hiu qu nht nh
gi hiu qu bo v ca cht c ch n mn c trong phng
th nghim v trong iu kin hin trng. Chnh v vy
Vietsovpetro ang dng phng php ny nh gi
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HA-CHBINDUKH

Bng 8. Tc n mn thp v hiu qu bo v ca cc h c ch n mn (phng php mt khi lng)

Bng 9. Tc n mn thp v hiu qu bo v ca cc h c ch n mn (phng php s dng u d)

hiu qu bo v ca cc cht c ch n mn. Nhm tc gi

cng s dng phng php ny nh gi hiu qu bo
v ca cc h ha phm c ch n mn trc khi a ra kt
lun. Kt qu nhn c cho thy xu hng r rng l khi
nng cht c ch n mn tng th hiu qu bo v n
mn tng ln v khi nng cht c ch n mn t 10ppm
tr ln th hiu qu bo v ca cc h c ch n mn > 90%.
Hiu qu bo v n mn ca h ha phm c ch n mn
trn c s Imidazolin tng ng vi h ha phm TH377.
Nh vy qua cc phng php nh gi khc nhau
nhng kt qu nhn c u cho thy ha phm c ch
n mn ch to trn c s Imidazolin c hiu qu bo v
tng ng ha phm TH377 m Vietsovpetro ang s
dng. Nng s dng l 10ppm v hiu qu bo v n
mn > 90%.
5. Kt lun
- H ha phm c ch n mn trn c s Imidazolin
s dng tt trong dung dch gc nc (nc bm p).
- Nng s dng ca h ha phm c ch n mn
trn c s Imidazolin l 10ppm (hiu qu bo v > 90%).
- Hiu qu bo v ca h ha phm c ch n mn
trn c s Imidazolin tng ng vi ha phm TH377
ang c s dng Vietsovpetro.
Ti liu tham kho
1. ThS. Thanh Bi, TS. Nguyn Vn Ng, 2006. Bo
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co tng kt khoa hc v k thut, ti: Nghin cu

cng ngh sn xut ho phm packer fluid nhm chng n
mn thp vng khng gian vnh xuyn ti cc ging khai
thc du kh v bm p nc. KC.02.28.
2. W.A. Schulze, Phan Lng Cm, 1985. n mn v
bo v kim loi. i hc Bch khoa H Ni, H K thut
Dalft H Lan.
3. ASTM G 1 - 03. Standard practice for preparing,
cleaning, and evaluating corrosion test specimens.
4. ASTM G 3 - 89. Practice for conventions applicable to
electrochemical measurements in corrosion Testing.
5. ASTM G 31 - 72, reapproved 2004. Standard practice
for laboratory immersion corrosion testing of Metals.
6. ASTM G 59 - 97. Practice for conducting
potentiodynamic polarization resistance measurements.
7. ASTM G 185 - 06. Standard practice for evaluating
and qualifying oil field and refinery corrosion Inhibitors
using the rotating cylinder electrode.
8. Foroulis Z.A., 1980. Corrosion and corrosion
Inhibition in the petroleum industry. New Jersey, USA.
9. Palmer J. W., Hedges W., Dawson J. L., 2004. The use
of corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas production. European
federation of corrosion publications, UK.
10. Pierre R. Roberge, 1999. Handbook of Corrosion
engineering. McGraw Hill, USA.