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4.2
Figs. 4.7 4.11 show complete circuit schematic diagrams for some of
the basic logic gates in the Standard TTL 7400 series with typical
component values included. The diodes shown on the inputs are
protection diodes for the input transistors. These prevent negative
voltages being developed at input terminals due to ringing on
inductive lines used to connect gates together. Large, negative spikes
at the input would tend to over bias the base-emitter junction of the
input transistors and destroy them. These voltages are clamped to a
diode drop by the input protection diodes.
(I)
Inverter 7404
already covered
(II)
operation.
(IV) AND-OR-INVERT Gate 7451
This is really a combination of the NAND and NOR gate structures. The
multiple emitter input transistors T1 and T5 perform an AND function
on their individual inputs. The subsequent transistors T2 and T6 invert
the AND functions. The parallel connection of T2 and T6 provides the
wired AND function as in the NOR gate. The overall situation is
equivalent to that shown in Fig. 4.5. The notable feature of this gate is
that it allows Boolean functions to be implemented in sum-of-products
a
b
a
b
c
d
c
d
a b.c d = a b + c d
Fig. 4.5 Logical Equivalent of the AND-OR-INVERT Structure
(V) EXCLUSIVE-OR Gate 7486
It can be seen that T1 to T6 of this structure is identical to that of the
A-O-I Gate and performs the same logical operation. The transistors T7
+ T8 and T9 + T10 simply include an inversion on one pair of inputs.
The circuit is logically equivalent to the structure shown in Fig. 4.6
which is seen to provide an exclusive-OR operation.
a
b
a b + a b = a b = a b EX OR
Fig. 4.6 Logical Equivalent of the Exclusive OR Gate Structure
VCC = 5V
INVERTER
7404
R1
R3
130
1.6k
RB
4 k
T4
T2
T1
T3
R2
1k
Fig. 4.7
VCC = 5V
2-INPUT
NAND GATE
7400
R1
RB
R3
130
1.6k
4 k
T4
T2
T1
T3
R2
1k
Fig. 4.8
VCC = 5V
2-INPUT
NOR GATE
7402
4 k
1. 6 k
4k
130
T4
T2
T1
T6
T5
T3
1k
Fig. 4.9
VCC = 5V
4 k
2x2-INPUT
AND-OR-INVERT
GATE
7451
1.6k
4 k
130
T4
T6
T5
T1
T2
T3
1k
2-INPUT EXCLUSIVE OR
GATE 7486
VCC = 5V
4k
4 k
4k
1.6k
4k
130
T4
T1
T2
T5
T6
T8
T7
T3
T10
T9
Fig. 4.11
1k